Census Profile, 2016 Census
Gander [Census agglomeration], Newfoundland and Labrador and Sarnia [Population centre], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Gander Newfoundland and Labrador [Census agglomeration]			Sarnia Ontario [Population centre]
	Data quality , Gander [Census agglomeration], Newfoundland and Labrador Map : Gander [Census agglomeration], Newfoundland and Labrador Change geography 1			Data quality : Sarnia [Population centre], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	13,234	...	...	72,125	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	12,683 ^r	...	...	73,044^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.3	...	...	-1.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	6,406	...	...	33,599	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	5,542	...	...	32,156	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.5	...	...	1,376.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,427.35	...	...	52.40	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	13,235	6,385	6,845	72,130	34,935	37,195
0 to 14 years	2,175	1,140	1,035	10,785	5,415	5,370
0 to 4 years	640	330	310	3,450	1,730	1,725
5 to 9 years	740	375	365	3,805	1,890	1,915
10 to 14 years	795	435	360	3,530	1,800	1,730
15 to 64 years	8,650	4,155	4,490	45,955	22,630	23,325
15 to 19 years	765	385	380	3,905	1,980	1,920
20 to 24 years	625	295	335	4,565	2,375	2,185
25 to 29 years	730	350	385	4,455	2,270	2,185
30 to 34 years	800	385	415	4,225	2,135	2,090
35 to 39 years	780	365	415	3,845	1,825	2,025
40 to 44 years	985	450	535	3,990	1,975	2,015
45 to 49 years	1,090	525	565	4,200	2,055	2,145
50 to 54 years	1,045	515	530	5,255	2,500	2,755
55 to 59 years	1,000	500	505	5,900	2,825	3,075
60 to 64 years	820	390	435	5,610	2,690	2,925
65 years and over	2,410	1,090	1,325	15,390	6,885	8,505
65 to 69 years	820	405	415	4,845	2,345	2,500
70 to 74 years	555	250	300	3,585	1,700	1,885
75 to 79 years	430	190	235	2,630	1,160	1,470
80 to 84 years	315	135	180	2,120	895	1,215
85 years and over	290	105	185	2,205	775	1,430
85 to 89 years	195	70	125	1,405	555	855
90 to 94 years	80	25	50	635	185	450
95 to 99 years	15	10	10	145	30	115
100 years and over	5	0	5	25	5	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.9	15.1	15.0	15.5	14.4
15 to 64 years	65.4	65.1	65.6	63.7	64.8	62.7
65 years and over	18.2	17.1	19.4	21.3	19.7	22.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.7	3.1	2.2	3.8
Average age of the population	42.2	41.2	43.1	43.7	42.6	44.8
Median age of the population	43.8	43.1	44.4	45.4	43.8	47.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	5,545	...	...	32,155	...	...
Single-detached house	3,765	...	...	21,415	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...	3,905	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,705	...	...	6,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	355	...	...	1,325	...	...
Row house	295	...	...	1,755	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	455	...	...	825	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	600	...	...	2,825	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	55	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	55	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	5,545	...	...	32,155	...	...
1 person	1,360	...	...	10,650	...	...
2 persons	2,230	...	...	11,875	...	...
3 persons	965	...	...	4,305	...	...
4 persons	760	...	...	3,625	...	...
5 or more persons	235	...	...	1,700	...	...
Number of persons in private households	12,965	...	...	70,925	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	11,060	5,245	5,810	61,345	29,515	31,830
Married or living common law	7,165	3,590	3,575	34,440	17,205	17,225
Married	5,905	2,950	2,950	28,670	14,330	14,340
Living common law	1,260	635	625	5,765	2,880	2,885
Not married and not living common law	3,895	1,655	2,235	26,910	12,305	14,600
Never married	2,370	1,205	1,165	15,685	8,610	7,070
Separated	240	100	145	2,235	950	1,285
Divorced	540	215	330	4,390	1,790	2,595
Widowed	745	145	605	4,595	945	3,645
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	4,105	...	...	20,755	...	...
2 persons	2,285	...	...	11,895	...	...
3 persons	935	...	...	4,140	...	...
4 persons	715	...	...	3,360	...	...
5 or more persons	170	...	...	1,365	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	4,105	...	...	20,760	...	...
Total couple families	3,525	...	...	16,920	...	...
Married couples	2,895	...	...	14,035	...	...
Common-law couples	630	...	...	2,880	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	580	...	...	3,835	...	...
Female parent	465	...	...	3,040	...	...
Male parent	110	...	...	795	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	3,525	...	...	16,920	...	...
Couples without children	1,920	...	...	9,595	...	...
Couples with children	1,600	...	...	7,330	...	...
1 child	755	...	...	3,030	...	...
2 children	685	...	...	3,035	...	...
3 or more children	160	...	...	1,260	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	580	...	...	3,835	...	...
1 child	360	...	...	2,300	...	...
2 children	180	...	...	1,105	...	...
3 or more children	35	...	...	425	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,855	790	1,070	14,100	6,750	7,350
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	5,545	...	...	32,155	...	...
One-census-family households	3,990	...	...	20,170	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,875	...	...	9,385	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	2,115	...	...	10,785	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	60	...	...	290	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,495	...	...	11,695	...	...
One-person households	1,355	...	...	10,650	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	135	...	...	1,045	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	13,060	6,335	6,725	71,260	34,620	36,640
English only	12,130	5,920	6,210	65,595	32,145	33,450
French only	5	0	0	40	25	20
English and French	915	400	515	5,395	2,360	3,035
Neither English nor French	15	10	5	235	90	145
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	13,060	6,330	6,725	71,260	34,620	36,640
English	12,980	6,285	6,695	69,330	33,760	35,580
French	65	35	20	1,585	725	865
English and French	5	0	5	110	50	60
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	230	85	140
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	65	40	25	1,645	750	895
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.5	0.6	0.4	2.3	2.2	2.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	13,060	6,335	6,725	71,260	34,620	36,640
Single responses	13,015	6,315	6,705	70,465	34,240	36,225
Official languages	12,845	6,230	6,620	64,815	31,470	33,340
English	12,785	6,195	6,595	63,105	30,705	32,400
French	60	35	25	1,705	770	940
Non-official languages	170	85	85	5,655	2,765	2,885
Aboriginal languages	0	5	5	15	5	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	165	80	85	5,635	2,760	2,875
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	245	130	115
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	240	125	115
Amharic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Arabic	30	15	15	205	105	100
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	70	30	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	70	30	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	15	205	70	135
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	5	10	5	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	170	55	115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	5	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole languages	5	0	5	10	5	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	130	85	45
Kannada	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	50	35	15
Tamil	0	0	0	35	20	15
Telugu	0	0	0	40	25	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	40	35	4,305	2,115	2,190
Albanian	0	0	0	10	10	5
Armenian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10	680	300	375
Baltic languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	10	5	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Slavic languages	10	5	5	660	295	365
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Croatian	0	0	0	55	25	25
Czech	0	0	0	45	15	30
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	5
Polish	0	0	0	280	125	155
Russian	5	0	0	55	20	35
Serbian	5	5	0	20	10	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slovak	0	0	0	75	35	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	10	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	80	30	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	5	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	1,045	490	555
Afrikaans	5	5	5	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	15
Dutch	0	0	0	570	260	305
Frisian	0	0	0	30	15	15
German	15	5	5	380	185	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Norwegian	0	5	0	5	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	20	5	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	190	105	80
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	10	735	400	335
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	5	650	360	295
Bengali	0	0	0	30	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	265	140	125
Hindi	0	0	5	110	65	45
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	25	15	5
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	110	65	50
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	5	0	105	50	55
Iranian languages	10	5	5	80	45	40
Kurdish	0	0	5	10	5	10
Pashto	0	0	0	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	5	0	5	60	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	1,620	790	830
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	840	440	400
Portuguese	0	0	0	355	165	195
Romanian	5	5	0	40	10	25
Spanish	10	5	5	380	170	210
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Japanese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	75	30	40
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	45	30	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	5	5	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	20	15	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
American Sign Language	5	0	0	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	10	360	170	190
Chinese languages	25	10	15	340	165	180
Cantonese	10	5	5	135	70	65
Hakka	0	0	0	5	5	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	175	75	100
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Burmese	0	0	0	25	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	0	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thai	10	5	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	120	60	60
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Finnish	0	0	0	30	15	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	90	45	40
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Multiple responses	50	20	25	795	385	410
English and French	20	10	10	260	110	150
English and non-official language	25	15	15	490	250	240
French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	5	25	10	15
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	13,060	6,330	6,730	71,260	34,620	36,640
Single responses	13,010	6,310	6,700	70,165	34,100	36,065
Official languages	12,960	6,285	6,675	68,265	33,195	35,070
English	12,940	6,275	6,665	67,810	32,995	34,810
French	20	10	10	455	200	260
Non-official languages	50	25	25	1,900	905	995
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	55	25	30	1,900	900	990
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	110	50	60
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	110	50	60
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	0	90	40	50
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	40	20	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	70	30	35
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	55	30	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	80	50	30
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	45	30	10
Tamil	0	0	0	25	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	15	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	1,260	580	680
Albanian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	130	60	75
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	130	60	70
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	60	30	30
Russian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Serbian	5	0	5	5	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	5	0	55	25	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dutch	0	0	0	15	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	5	0
German	0	0	0	35	15	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	85	45	40
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	5	395	210	190
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	360	190	165
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	175	90	85
Hindi	0	0	0	50	30	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Marathi	0	0	0	15	10	5
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	60	35	25
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	45	25	20
Iranian languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	0	30	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0	585	245	340
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	230	90	140
Portuguese	0	0	0	150	60	90
Romanian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Spanish	5	5	5	195	90	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	15	10	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	45	25	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dinka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	20	15	10
American Sign Language	5	0	0	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	220	105	115
Chinese languages	20	10	10	205	100	105
Cantonese	5	5	0	75	35	40
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	0	115	60	60
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Burmese	0	0	0	15	5	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	25	30	1,095	520	575
English and French	5	5	5	115	40	75
English and non-official language	40	20	20	950	460	485
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	13,060	6,335	6,730	71,260	34,620	36,640
None	12,825	6,220	6,605	66,860	32,575	34,290
English	35	20	15	1,070	510	560
French	120	50	70	1,230	505	725
Non-official language	80	35	45	2,025	995	1,030
Aboriginal	5	0	0	50	20	35
Non-Aboriginal	80	35	40	1,970	970	995
English and French	0	0	0	5	5	5
English and non-official language	0	0	0	25	10	5
French and non-official language	0	0	0	50	25	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	10,795	5,165	5,630	60,155	29,085	31,065
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,475	5,015	5,460	57,970	28,175	29,795
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,051	44,406	27,618	34,038	46,298	26,510
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,480	5,015	5,465	58,015	28,175	29,840
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,434	38,892	25,284	30,916	40,853	24,518
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,160	4,560	4,600	51,470	25,600	25,870
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,890	42,670	25,669	31,684	43,876	22,837
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,385	3,090	4,295	43,855	19,945	23,905
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,274	10,157	7,100	7,946	8,046	7,871
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,810	3,965	3,845	40,350	21,585	18,760
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,964	41,610	26,950	29,863	38,394	24,036
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	10,795	5,140	5,655	60,215	29,165	31,055
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,480	4,985	5,490	57,875	28,205	29,670
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,628	59,647	36,717	48,865	62,451	35,948
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,480	4,985	5,495	57,945	28,210	29,740
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,061	47,720	31,200	39,995	49,800	30,695
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,115	4,520	4,595	51,405	25,660	25,745
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,306	58,907	35,901	47,517	61,995	33,088
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,475	3,135	4,340	43,745	19,940	23,805
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,087	9,976	8,446	8,810	8,565	9,015
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,810	3,970	3,835	40,400	21,675	18,725
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,060	56,445	37,349	46,037	56,819	33,553
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	10,790	5,140	5,650	60,220	29,160	31,055
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	3,810	1,950	1,860	17,380	9,910	7,470
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	56,253	64,126	47,439	55,443	71,743	43,741
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	67,734	78,641	56,293	71,824	85,822	53,246
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.4	89.7	81.5	86.4	90.4	79.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.9	75.2	69.4	65.6	69.8	58.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.6	10.3	18.5	13.6	9.6	20.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	10,795	5,165	5,630	60,150	29,090	31,065
Without total income	315	150	175	2,180	915	1,265
With total income	10,475	5,015	5,465	57,970	28,175	29,795
Percentage with total income	97.0	97.1	97.1	96.4	96.9	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,275	470	805	8,175	3,320	4,855
$10,000 to $19,999	1,610	565	1,050	9,800	3,475	6,320
$20,000 to $29,999	1,675	600	1,075	8,260	2,930	5,330
$30,000 to $39,999	1,305	585	725	6,490	2,730	3,760
$40,000 to $49,999	1,095	550	545	5,550	2,600	2,950
$50,000 to $59,999	760	455	310	4,225	2,365	1,860
$60,000 to $69,999	650	400	250	3,280	1,990	1,290
$70,000 to $79,999	465	270	200	2,550	1,660	890
$80,000 to $89,999	415	225	195	2,045	1,345	700
$90,000 to $99,999	325	185	140	1,740	1,100	640
$100,000 and over	890	710	180	5,855	4,660	1,200
$100,000 to $149,999	530	405	125	3,720	2,890	830
$150,000 and over	360	300	60	2,130	1,770	365
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	10,795	5,160	5,630	60,155	29,090	31,065
Without after-tax income	315	150	165	2,140	910	1,220
With after-tax income	10,480	5,015	5,465	58,020	28,180	29,840
Percentage with after-tax income	97.1	97.2	97.1	96.5	96.9	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,350	475	870	8,585	3,360	5,225
$10,000 to $19,999	1,740	600	1,140	10,250	3,655	6,600
$20,000 to $29,999	1,915	730	1,180	9,465	3,500	5,960
$30,000 to $39,999	1,590	775	815	7,540	3,300	4,240
$40,000 to $49,999	1,150	640	510	6,040	3,175	2,870
$50,000 to $59,999	835	520	315	4,420	2,680	1,740
$60,000 to $69,999	635	350	280	3,190	2,135	1,060
$70,000 to $79,999	475	285	190	2,655	1,770	895
$80,000 and over	795	640	160	5,860	4,605	1,260
$80,000 to $89,999	215	165	50	1,700	1,225	475
$90,000 to $99,999	125	100	30	1,170	900	275
$100,000 and over	455	375	80	2,990	2,475	515
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	10,795	5,165	5,630	60,155	29,090	31,065
Without employment income	2,990	1,200	1,790	19,805	7,500	12,300
With employment income	7,810	3,965	3,845	40,350	21,585	18,760
Percentage with employment income	72.3	76.8	68.3	67.1	74.2	60.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,125	530	600	7,670	4,380	3,290
$5,000 to $9,999	590	250	340	3,225	1,355	1,875
$10,000 to $19,999	955	385	575	4,970	1,920	3,050
$20,000 to $29,999	980	400	585	4,365	1,725	2,640
$30,000 to $39,999	765	355	405	3,870	1,655	2,220
$40,000 to $49,999	635	290	345	3,060	1,480	1,580
$50,000 to $59,999	535	315	220	2,340	1,285	1,045
$60,000 to $69,999	515	310	200	1,845	1,115	730
$70,000 to $79,999	330	185	145	1,510	970	535
$80,000 and over	1,370	940	425	7,495	5,700	1,795
$80,000 to $89,999	385	195	185	1,435	935	495
$90,000 to $99,999	265	160	100	1,395	870	525
$100,000 and over	725	585	135	4,675	3,900	775
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	5,545	...	...	32,160	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	71,241	...	...	66,635	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,696	...	...	58,647	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,360	...	...	10,650	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,042	...	...	35,024	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,624	...	...	31,828	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	4,185	...	...	21,505	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,864	...	...	86,603	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,571	...	...	75,492	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	5,540	...	...	32,165	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,062	...	...	87,923	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	73,862	...	...	72,055	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,355	...	...	10,650	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,388	...	...	46,581	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,230	...	...	38,974	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	4,185	...	...	21,510	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	104,205	...	...	108,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,401	...	...	88,439	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	5,540	...	...	32,155	...	...
Under $5,000	25	...	...	360	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	585	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...	1,145	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180	...	...	1,375	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	255	...	...	1,585	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	250	...	...	1,355	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	290	...	...	1,485	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	220	...	...	1,445	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	210	...	...	1,390	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	225	...	...	1,335	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	465	...	...	2,495	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	415	...	...	2,285	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	345	...	...	2,100	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	340	...	...	1,850	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	300	...	...	1,635	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,820	...	...	9,735	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	575	...	...	3,115	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	420	...	...	2,095	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	455	...	...	2,375	...	...
$200,000 and over	365	...	...	2,145	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	5,545	...	...	32,155	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...	385	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	595	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	150	...	...	1,160	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190	...	...	1,430	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	300	...	...	1,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	285	...	...	1,560	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	305	...	...	1,675	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	265	...	...	1,640	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	275	...	...	1,705	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	285	...	...	1,540	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	565	...	...	2,980	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	455	...	...	2,605	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	455	...	...	2,430	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	360	...	...	1,960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	285	...	...	1,650	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,300	...	...	7,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	585	...	...	2,960	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	310	...	...	1,705	...	...
$150,000 and over	400	...	...	2,385	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	4,085	...	...	20,715	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,965	...	...	87,387	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,545	...	...	76,023	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,830	...	...	9,230	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,472	...	...	82,725	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,904	...	...	72,185	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,615	...	...	7,410	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,740	...	...	121,728	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,400	...	...	102,609	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.7	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	550	...	...	3,645	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,904	...	...	45,912	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	41,941	...	...	43,665	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	4,070	...	...	20,710	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	104,626	...	...	109,593	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,615	...	...	89,214	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,815	...	...	9,230	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,311	...	...	103,363	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,455	...	...	84,002	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,625	...	...	7,375	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,300	...	...	143,651	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,189	...	...	115,212	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	540	...	...	3,670	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,483	...	...	58,368	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,847	...	...	51,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,660	725	935	12,960	6,255	6,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,241	35,093	28,800	32,145	34,964	29,894
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,480	30,741	26,795	29,241	31,543	27,668
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,675	770	905	12,960	6,325	6,640
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,705	49,221	38,981	43,098	47,627	38,785
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,309	39,960	33,182	36,276	39,161	33,528
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	12,965	6,300	6,665	70,925	34,500	36,420
In the bottom half of the distribution	6,170	2,850	3,320	34,180	15,790	18,390
In the bottom decile	965	440	525	7,575	3,600	3,975
In the second decile	1,280	540	740	7,040	2,955	4,090
In the third decile	1,295	580	710	6,655	3,045	3,610
In the fourth decile	1,260	605	655	6,315	2,970	3,345
In the fifth decile	1,370	680	690	6,590	3,220	3,370
In the top half of the distribution	6,795	3,450	3,345	36,750	18,715	18,035
In the sixth decile	1,250	625	625	6,580	3,285	3,295
In the seventh decile	1,330	680	650	7,370	3,655	3,710
In the eighth decile	1,505	760	745	7,415	3,810	3,610
In the ninth decile	1,520	760	760	7,600	3,925	3,675
In the top decile	1,190	625	565	7,780	4,035	3,740
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	12,965	6,300	6,665	70,925	34,500	36,425
0 to 17 years	2,630	1,370	1,260	13,035	6,590	6,450
0 to 5 years	770	395	375	4,150	2,080	2,065
18 to 64 years	8,170	3,920	4,255	43,480	21,330	22,145
65 years and over	2,165	1,015	1,155	14,410	6,585	7,830
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,610	700	910	11,030	4,930	6,095
0 to 17 years	415	215	200	2,775	1,370	1,400
0 to 5 years	145	70	70	1,050	520	530
18 to 64 years	870	370	495	6,810	3,120	3,690
65 years and over	335	120	215	1,450	435	1,010
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.4	11.1	13.7	15.6	14.3	16.7
0 to 17 years (%)	15.8	15.7	15.9	21.3	20.8	21.7
0 to 5 years (%)	18.8	17.7	18.7	25.3	25.0	25.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	9.4	11.6	15.7	14.6	16.7
65 years and over (%)	15.5	11.8	18.6	10.1	6.6	12.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	540	265	275	6,105	2,970	3,135
0 to 17 years	115	55	55	1,335	640	695
0 to 5 years	40	20	20	510	240	270
18 to 64 years	410	200	210	4,495	2,225	2,270
65 years and over	15	5	10	275	105	175
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	4.2	4.1	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.0	4.4	10.2	9.7	10.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2	5.1	5.3	12.3	11.5	13.1
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.1	4.9	10.3	10.4	10.3
65 years and over (%)	0.7	0.5	0.9	1.9	1.6	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	12,965	6,300	6,665	70,985	34,545	36,445
Official languages	12,940	6,285	6,650	70,735	34,425	36,310
English	12,935	6,285	6,645	70,710	34,415	36,295
French	885	355	535	5,510	2,440	3,070
Non-official languages	230	110	120	7,320	3,550	3,770
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	95	25	70
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	100	25	70
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	100	25	70
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	95	30	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	220	110	110	7,220	3,525	3,700
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	470	275	195
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	460	265	195
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Arabic	0	10	0	405	225	180
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15	0	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	30	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	35	20	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	0	15	290	110	180
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	20	15	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15	270	95	175
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	175	135	35
Kannada	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	80	65	20
Tamil	0	0	0	40	30	10
Telugu	0	0	0	70	55	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	45	40	5,480	2,640	2,840
Albanian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Armenian	10	10	0	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	775	345	430
Baltic languages	0	10	0	20	10	15
Latvian	10	10	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slavic languages	15	10	10	755	340	415
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	40	25	20
Croatian	0	0	0	40	15	30
Czech	0	0	0	40	20	20
Macedonian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Polish	10	0	0	330	165	170
Russian	0	10	10	125	45	80
Serbian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	85	30	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	15	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	90	35	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	15	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	10	1,325	635	690
Afrikaans	10	0	0	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Dutch	0	0	0	670	315	360
Frisian	0	0	0	50	30	20
German	0	0	10	605	295	310
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	15	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	245	145	100
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	995	550	445
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	10	895	500	395
Bengali	0	0	0	45	30	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	345	200	145
Hindi	10	0	0	500	295	210
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	15	0	10
Marathi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	165	75	90
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	170	85	85
Iranian languages	10	0	0	110	55	55
Kurdish	0	0	0	30	10	15
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	0	90	50	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	25	2,175	990	1,185
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,015	490	520
Portuguese	0	0	0	365	145	220
Romanian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Spanish	50	20	25	795	360	440
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	90	70	20
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	65	30	30
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	10	165	85	85
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	10	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	115	50	70
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	15	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	15	30	80	35	45
American Sign Language	25	10	15	20	0	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	60	30	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	15	410	180	230
Chinese languages	35	25	15	370	160	205
Cantonese	0	0	0	145	75	70
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	210	80	130
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	15	30	15	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	15	20
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	15	0	15	10	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	15	0	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	100	50	50
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	12,965	6,300	6,665	70,985	34,545	36,445
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	12,785	6,195	6,595	68,720	33,480	35,245
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,605	1,365	1,240	12,875	6,455	6,420
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	10,180	4,830	5,345	55,840	27,020	28,820
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	180	105	75	2,265	1,065	1,200
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	12,965	6,300	6,665	70,985	34,540	36,445
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	12,690	6,150	6,540	61,715	30,135	31,575
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	215	105	110	8,725	4,050	4,675
Before 1981	60	20	40	5,315	2,560	2,760
1981 to 1990	20	10	10	940	355	585
1991 to 2000	30	20	10	875	400	470
2001 to 2010	50	35	20	1,110	515	600
2001 to 2005	15	0	0	515	245	275
2006 to 2010	35	25	10	595	270	325
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	60	25	35	480	220	260
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	60	45	15	545	360	190
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	215	105	115	8,720	4,050	4,680
Under 5 years	20	10	10	1,195	545	645
5 to 14 years	20	10	10	1,655	880	775
15 to 24 years	70	35	35	2,280	980	1,305
25 to 44 years	90	40	50	3,125	1,425	1,695
45 years and over	15	10	0	475	220	250
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	215	105	110	8,725	4,050	4,675
Americas	45	20	25	1,595	600	995
Brazil	0	0	0	0	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0	40	15	25
El Salvador	0	0	0	90	45	45
Guyana	0	0	0	15	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jamaica	10	10	10	115	60	50
Mexico	0	0	0	60	30	30
Peru	0	0	0	0	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	65	30	40
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	25	10	10	970	295	675
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	220	110	110
Europe	75	35	40	5,000	2,420	2,580
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	20	0	15
Croatia	0	0	0	20	10	15
France	0	0	0	45	25	20
Germany	0	0	0	320	135	185
Greece	0	0	0	145	80	65
Hungary	0	0	0	80	50	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	10	105	55	50
Italy	0	0	0	610	315	290
Netherlands	0	0	0	565	300	265
Poland	0	0	0	200	90	110
Portugal	0	0	0	210	85	130
Romania	0	0	0	45	15	30
Russian Federation	0	0	0	25	10	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	20	0	15
Ukraine	0	0	0	15	0	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	65	35	30	2,270	1,105	1,165
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	305	145	165
Africa	20	15	0	315	165	150
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	30	15	15
Ethiopia	0	0	0	15	10	10
Kenya	0	0	0	10	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	15	20	0
Somalia	0	0	0	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	10	25	15	10
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	210	105	110
Asia	70	30	40	1,775	835	945
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	15	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	25	15	15	200	55	145
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	45	25	15
India	0	0	0	460	230	225
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	10	75	45	30
Iraq	0	0	0	155	85	65
Japan	0	0	0	15	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	60	30	35
Lebanon	0	0	0	45	20	25
Pakistan	0	0	0	115	50	60
Philippines	15	10	10	270	105	165
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10	10	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	40	20	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	65	25	45
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	210	105	105
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	35	30	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	60	25	35	480	220	260
Americas	20	10	10	110	60	55
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	0	10	0	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	10	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	80	30	50
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	15	10	0
Europe	15	10	10	75	20	55
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	0	0	35	10	25
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	10	0	10
Africa	10	10	0	75	45	30
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	15	10	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	0	10	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	40	15	30
Asia	25	10	15	215	95	125
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	10	20	10	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	10	65	30	35
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	10	25	15	10
Iraq	0	0	0	20	15	10
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	20	10	15
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	10	10	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	12,965	6,300	6,665	70,985	34,540	36,440
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	320	155	165	9,585	4,545	5,040
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	310	140	170	12,280	6,105	6,175
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	12,335	6,000	6,330	49,120	23,895	25,230
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	160	85	75	3,520	1,545	1,980
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	105	65	35	1,460	750	710
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	45	35	10	535	395	145
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	55	30	30	925	355	570
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	45	20	30	1,545	545	1,000
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	10	0	10	495	235	260
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	12,965	6,300	6,665	70,985	34,540	36,440
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	985	465	520	2,785	1,320	1,460
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	950	445	500	2,670	1,260	1,405
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	715	340	380	1,885	870	1,020
Métis	155	70	90	765	390	370
Inuk (Inuit)	70	30	40	15	0	15
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	0	40	15	25
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	30	20	15	75	45	30
Non-Aboriginal identity	11,980	5,835	6,150	68,205	33,215	34,980
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	12,965	6,300	6,665	70,985	34,540	36,440
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	625	315	310	1,485	660	825
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	12,340	5,985	6,360	69,500	33,880	35,615
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	12,965	6,300	6,665	70,985	34,545	36,445
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	440	175	270	815	355	460
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	435	175	260	805	350	455
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	370	150	220	730	320	410
Métis single ancestry	25	10	15	70	25	45
Inuit single ancestry	35	15	25	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	10	0	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	850	405	440	2,850	1,420	1,435
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	830	385	440	2,800	1,390	1,410
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	630	300	330	1,985	965	1,020
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	150	65	90	795	420	375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	25	25	20	0	15
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	25	20	0	55	35	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	55	30	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	11,670	5,720	5,955	67,320	32,765	34,550
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	12,965	6,300	6,665	70,985	34,540	36,445
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	200	95	105	4,720	2,450	2,270
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	35	15	20	1,225	675	555
Chinese	40	20	20	570	260	310
Black	30	20	10	1,010	530	475
Filipino	30	10	20	420	170	245
Latin American	20	10	10	380	200	175
Arab	0	0	0	410	220	190
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	25	15	15	205	105	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	10	0	0	115	60	50
Korean	0	0	0	80	40	35
Japanese	10	0	10	80	45	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	120	75	40
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	120	60	55
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	12,770	6,205	6,565	66,260	32,090	34,175
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	12,965	6,300	6,665	70,985	34,540	36,440
North American Aboriginal origins	1,295	580	710	3,665	1,775	1,885
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,035	470	565	2,775	1,320	1,455
Inuit	95	45	50	25	0	10
Métis	205	85	115	930	485	450
Other North American origins	7,415	3,635	3,775	25,450	12,215	13,235
Acadian	15	10	0	55	10	35
American	65	30	40	1,300	540	760
Canadian	7,300	3,580	3,720	24,540	11,845	12,695
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	90	50	45	40	25	15
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	25	10	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	15	10	0
European origins	7,030	3,390	3,635	54,315	26,185	28,130
British Isles origins	6,745	3,240	3,505	39,350	19,015	20,340
Channel Islander	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	5,375	2,565	2,810	23,285	10,770	12,520
Irish	1,990	965	1,015	15,980	7,645	8,335
Manx	0	0	0	40	25	20
Scottish	995	520	480	17,360	8,325	9,035
Welsh	100	20	80	1,495	725	770
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	195	90	105	1,815	865	945
French origins	460	225	230	11,335	5,340	5,995
Alsatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	460	230	235	11,330	5,340	5,990
Western European origins (except French origins)	225	110	115	13,760	6,635	7,120
Austrian	0	0	0	300	140	155
Bavarian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	10	850	375	480
Dutch	15	0	10	5,570	2,645	2,920
Flemish	0	0	0	35	15	20
Frisian	0	0	0	30	20	10
German	185	95	90	7,870	3,850	4,015
Luxembourger	0	0	0	20	10	15
Swiss	0	0	0	95	50	40
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	65	25	40	1,535	745	790
Danish	20	0	15	365	200	165
Finnish	0	0	0	330	175	155
Icelandic	0	0	0	95	50	45
Norwegian	20	15	10	375	180	200
Swedish	20	10	15	330	135	195
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	10	0	70	15	55
Eastern European origins	115	50	60	5,665	2,660	3,000
Bulgarian	0	0	0	75	30	45
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	295	165	135
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	155	60	100
Estonian	0	0	0	35	30	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	720	305	415
Latvian	10	10	0	60	30	30
Lithuanian	10	10	0	100	25	70
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Polish	50	15	30	2,115	1,075	1,035
Romanian	0	0	0	325	125	200
Russian	10	0	10	555	260	295
Slovak	0	0	0	495	210	280
Ukrainian	70	45	30	1,560	740	815
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	40	20	15
Southern European origins	100	55	45	6,025	3,100	2,920
Albanian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	145	80	70
Cypriot	0	0	0	25	10	10
Greek	25	10	20	585	330	260
Italian	35	15	15	3,645	1,895	1,755
Kosovar	0	0	0	10	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	55	40	15
Maltese	0	0	0	90	65	25
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	900	440	460
Serbian	0	0	0	65	45	20
Sicilian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Slovenian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Spanish	35	20	15	500	220	275
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	95	50	45
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	10	0	15	245	100	145
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	10	0	15	95	40	50
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	145	60	90
Caribbean origins	0	0	0	700	405	290
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	40	25	15
Bermudan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	20	20	10
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	20	20	0
Jamaican	10	10	0	390	195	195
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	10	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	105	70	30
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	15	10	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	60	30	35
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	55	45	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	25	10	10	625	320	305
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Belizean	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bolivian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Chilean	0	0	0	50	35	15
Colombian	0	0	0	65	20	45
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Guyanese	0	0	0	110	65	50
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Honduran	0	0	0	30	10	15
Maya	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	20	10	15	165	75	85
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	105	50	50
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	10	0	10
African origins	45	20	20	825	420	405
Central and West African origins	15	10	0	220	115	100
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	100	40	60
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	10	0	75	50	20
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	15	10	0
North African origins	0	0	0	110	45	65
Algerian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	105	40	65
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	10	0	105	60	55
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	10	0
South African	10	10	0	35	20	20
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	25	0	20	415	215	205
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	75	40	35
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	25	10	20	340	175	170
Asian origins	160	80	85	3,580	1,800	1,780
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	35	15	15	810	430	385
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	75	35	40
Armenian	0	0	0	30	15	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	10	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	10	0	10	100	60	40
Iraqi	0	0	0	145	85	55
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	45	35	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	30	15	20
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	15	0	10	295	145	150
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	45	15	35
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	10	0	10	15	0
South Asian origins	25	15	10	1,255	685	565
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	20	15	10
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	20	10	10	1,005	560	440
Goan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	20	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	135	75	60
Punjabi	0	0	0	60	25	35
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	45	20	30
East and Southeast Asian origins	100	45	55	1,540	710	830
Burmese	0	0	0	40	20	20
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	45	20	20	760	365	395
Filipino	30	0	20	455	185	270
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	60	40	20
Japanese	0	0	10	90	50	45
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	80	45	35
Laotian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	15	0	10	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	95	50	50
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oceania origins	25	15	0	40	20	15
Australian	20	20	0	25	10	20
New Zealander	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	5,540	...	...	32,165	...	...
Owner	3,805	...	...	21,920	...	...
Renter	1,735	...	...	10,245	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	5,545	...	...	32,165	...	...
Condominium	115	...	...	1,495	...	...
Not condominium	5,430	...	...	30,665	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	5,540	...	...	32,165	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	70	...	...
1 bedroom	350	...	...	3,900	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,170	...	...	7,465	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,205	...	...	12,430	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,820	...	...	8,290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	5,540	...	...	32,165	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	990	...	...	6,555	...	...
5 rooms	815	...	...	4,055	...	...
6 rooms	810	...	...	4,470	...	...
7 rooms	745	...	...	4,635	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,185	...	...	12,455	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	5,540	...	...	32,165	...	...
One person or fewer per room	5,540	...	...	32,020	...	...
More than 1 person per room	0	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	5,540	...	...	32,165	...	...
Suitable	5,475	...	...	31,415	...	...
Not suitable	70	...	...	750	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	5,540	...	...	32,165	...	...
1960 or before	1,120	...	...	12,405	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,980	...	...	11,245	...	...
1981 to 1990	620	...	...	3,875	...	...
1991 to 2000	550	...	...	1,950	...	...
2001 to 2005	230	...	...	935	...	...
2006 to 2010	530	...	...	1,075	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	510	...	...	685	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	5,540	...	...	32,165	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	5,205	...	...	29,835	...	...
Major repairs needed	340	...	...	2,330	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	5,545	...	...	32,165	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,995	...	...	21,075	...	...
2 household maintainers	2,490	...	...	10,675	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	60	...	...	415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	5,545	...	...	32,165	...	...
15 to 24 years	175	...	...	1,085	...	...
25 to 34 years	755	...	...	4,285	...	...
35 to 44 years	965	...	...	4,540	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,255	...	...	5,610	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,015	...	...	6,850	...	...
65 to 74 years	795	...	...	5,335	...	...
75 to 84 years	455	...	...	3,155	...	...
85 years and over	125	...	...	1,300	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	5,540	...	...	32,125	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	4,540	...	...	24,850	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,000	...	...	7,270	...	...
30% to less than 100%	940	...	...	6,570	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,805	...	...	21,920	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	63.1	...	...	54.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	8.0	...	...	10.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,086	...	...	901	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,139	...	...	1,047	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	240,152	...	...	200,509	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	252,170	...	...	243,878	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,735	...	...	10,245	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	19.9	...	...	14.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.5	...	...	48.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	789	...	...	829	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	857	...	...	880	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	10,795	5,140	5,650	60,215	29,165	31,055
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,975	915	1,065	9,555	4,365	5,190
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,015	1,420	1,595	17,895	8,205	9,690
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,800	2,810	2,995	32,765	16,590	16,170
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,110	805	310	5,840	4,700	1,140
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	540	335	210	2,180	1,485	695
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	570	475	95	3,660	3,220	450
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,960	1,285	1,675	16,420	7,155	9,270
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240	75	160	765	275	490
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,490	635	850	9,740	4,465	5,270
Bachelor's degree	995	440	560	6,925	2,975	3,945
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	80	50	35	680	305	375
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	20	15	270	180	85
Master's degree	365	115	250	1,630	850	780
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	15	15	0	240	160	80
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	7,225	3,445	3,780	37,305	18,235	19,075
No certificate, diploma or degree	845	425	420	3,180	1,575	1,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,710	800	905	10,430	4,955	5,475
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,670	2,215	2,455	23,695	11,705	11,990
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	840	610	225	3,815	3,110	705
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	410	245	165	1,370	970	410
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	425	360	65	2,435	2,135	300
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,420	1,045	1,375	12,460	5,480	6,985
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145	60	90	475	185	285
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,265	510	760	6,950	2,930	4,015
Bachelor's degree	835	355	485	4,975	1,990	2,985
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	70	45	25	475	205	270
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	15	10	210	135	80
Master's degree	320	80	240	1,140	525	615
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	15	15	0	140	75	65
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	10,790	5,140	5,650	60,215	29,165	31,055
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,990	2,335	2,660	27,455	12,570	14,880
Education	590	180	410	1,945	520	1,420
13. Education	590	185	410	1,945	520	1,420
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	85	55	30	690	230	455
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	40	0	145	95	55
50. Visual and performing arts	45	20	25	540	140	400
Humanities	145	60	90	1,380	500	880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	30	0	30	65	10	55
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	20	360	70	285
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	15	15	430	155	270
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	10	50	25	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	10	150	95	50
54. History	15	10	0	255	145	105
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	0	75	0	70
Social and behavioural sciences and law	260	85	175	3,115	855	2,260
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	15	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	225	80	140
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65	10	60	910	90	820
22. Legal professions and studies	45	15	25	385	140	245
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	35	0	25
42. Psychology	50	15	35	520	80	445
45. Social sciences	85	40	45	1,035	460	575
Business, management and public administration	1,255	270	990	5,060	1,610	3,455
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	15	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	75	15	65	700	120	575
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,185	255	925	4,360	1,490	2,870
Physical and life sciences and technologies	130	90	40	1,040	585	455
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	20	20	305	115	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	25	10	135	60	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	50	45	10	335	230	110
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	10	245	165	80
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	65	65	895	600	295
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	120	60	60	720	505	210
25. Library science	0	0	0	60	15	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	100	70	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,390	1,310	80	10,040	9,320	720
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	120	90	35
14. Engineering	95	85	10	1,655	1,350	300
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	320	285	30	2,765	2,495	270
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	345	340	0	2,480	2,450	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	490	470	15	1,735	1,680	50
48. Precision production	145	130	20	1,280	1,255	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	90	80	0	390	215	180
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	20	10	0	260	145	115
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	70	10	130	70	60
Health and related fields	1,005	140	870	5,725	915	4,810
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	25	25	0	470	205	265
51. Health professions and related programs	965	100	860	5,175	650	4,525
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	20	10	0	75	60	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	725	470	250	2,480	1,235	1,245
12. Personal and culinary services	285	70	210	1,330	285	1,045
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	25	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	40	25	15	755	565	190
49. Transportation and materials moving	365	345	15	385	370	10
Other	0	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	7,225	3,445	3,780	37,310	18,235	19,075
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,555	1,225	1,325	13,610	6,525	7,085
Education	430	115	315	1,180	315	865
13. Education	435	120	315	1,175	315	860
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50	25	30	515	180	335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	10	105	65	40
50. Visual and performing arts	40	20	20	410	115	295
Humanities	105	50	55	980	360	615
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	15	45	10	40
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	20	225	35	185
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	15	0	325	125	195
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	10	35	20	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	10	115	75	35
54. History	10	10	0	175	100	80
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	50	0	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	230	70	155	2,325	570	1,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	15	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	190	70	120
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65	10	55	705	60	645
22. Legal professions and studies	40	15	30	315	100	220
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	35	0	25
42. Psychology	35	10	30	380	50	325
45. Social sciences	75	35	40	680	280	405
Business, management and public administration	1,020	205	815	3,805	1,135	2,670
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	70	15	55	580	85	490
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	950	195	760	3,220	1,045	2,175
Physical and life sciences and technologies	115	85	30	725	360	365
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	20	20	220	75	145
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	20	0	110	55	55
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	10	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	45	40	0	205	115	90
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	185	115	65
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	65	65	730	510	220
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	60	60	595	435	160
25. Library science	0	0	0	45	15	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	0	80	60	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,085	1,025	60	7,125	6,495	635
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	100	75	30
14. Engineering	65	55	10	1,130	865	265
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	250	220	30	1,960	1,715	245
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	265	260	0	1,780	1,760	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	420	405	15	1,280	1,230	45
48. Precision production	95	85	10	870	845	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	80	70	10	305	170	140
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	15	15	0	200	115	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	55	10	105	60	50
Health and related fields	825	120	710	4,165	690	3,480
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	20	20	0	370	140	230
51. Health professions and related programs	795	90	705	3,740	505	3,235
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	15	10	10	50	35	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	600	385	215	1,840	925	915
12. Personal and culinary services	240	75	175	970	235	740
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	40	25	15	615	450	160
49. Transportation and materials moving	280	265	15	250	240	15
Other	0	0	0	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	10,795	5,140	5,655	60,220	29,160	31,055
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,995	2,335	2,660	27,450	12,570	14,885
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	5,800	2,805	2,995	32,765	16,590	16,170
Location of study inside Canada	5,655	2,725	2,930	29,300	14,815	14,485
Same as province or territory of residence	4,540	2,165	2,370	27,555	13,905	13,650
Different than province or territory of residence	1,115	560	555	1,745	915	835
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	145	80	65	3,470	1,775	1,685
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	35	20	10	1,210	530	685
Philippines	10	0	0	135	40	95
India	0	0	10	375	195	180
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	35	15	20	585	385	200
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	50	20	25
France	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other	60	35	25	1,100	600	500
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	7,225	3,445	3,780	37,310	18,235	19,075
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,550	1,225	1,325	13,610	6,525	7,080
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	4,670	2,220	2,455	23,695	11,705	11,990
Location of study inside Canada	4,560	2,155	2,410	21,755	10,855	10,900
Same as province or territory of residence	3,600	1,700	1,905	20,565	10,255	10,315
Different than province or territory of residence	960	455	505	1,190	600	585
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	115	60	50	1,940	845	1,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	20	10	10	810	310	500
Philippines	15	0	10	70	25	50
India	10	0	0	215	95	120
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	30	15	10	145	75	70
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	0	40	20	20
France	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other	45	25	15	645	325	325
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	10,795	5,140	5,655	60,220	29,165	31,055
In the labour force	6,675	3,360	3,310	34,805	18,225	16,575
Employed	5,960	2,920	3,040	31,610	16,435	15,175
Unemployed	710	440	275	3,195	1,790	1,400
Not in the labour force	4,120	1,780	2,340	25,410	10,935	14,475
Participation rate	61.8	65.4	58.5	57.8	62.5	53.4
Employment rate	55.2	56.8	53.8	52.5	56.4	48.9
Unemployment rate	10.6	13.1	8.3	9.2	9.8	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	10,790	5,140	5,655	60,220	29,160	31,055
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	3,630	1,550	2,085	24,015	10,270	13,745
Worked	7,160	3,590	3,570	36,200	18,890	17,315
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	3,835	1,965	1,870	17,670	10,065	7,605
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	3,325	1,630	1,695	18,535	8,830	9,705
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	41.0	41.9	42.2	42.3	42.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	6,670	3,360	3,315	34,805	18,225	16,575
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	120	65	55	990	490	500
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	6,560	3,295	3,260	33,815	17,735	16,075
Employee	6,175	3,100	3,075	31,120	16,220	14,900
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	385	195	185	2,690	1,515	1,180
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	6,670	3,360	3,315	34,805	18,230	16,575
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	115	65	55	990	490	495
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	6,560	3,295	3,260	33,815	17,735	16,080
0 Management occupations	665	345	315	2,815	1,660	1,160
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	725	230	490	3,985	1,095	2,890
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	655	540	115	2,675	2,160	520
3 Health occupations	595	90	500	2,575	420	2,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	965	315	650	3,475	1,110	2,370
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	120	45	80	590	230	360
6 Sales and service occupations	1,720	680	1,035	9,885	4,000	5,885
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	905	870	40	5,610	5,240	370
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	115	100	10	455	365	90
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	95	75	25	1,740	1,465	280
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	6,675	3,360	3,315	34,805	18,225	16,575
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	120	65	55	990	490	500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	6,555	3,295	3,260	33,815	17,735	16,080
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	70	50	15	180	90	90
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	100	10	425	345	75
22 Utilities	35	35	0	315	265	55
23 Construction	390	350	40	2,860	2,585	275
31-33 Manufacturing	145	120	25	3,560	2,785	775
41 Wholesale trade	70	40	30	1,275	1,015	255
44-45 Retail trade	1,100	470	635	4,495	1,955	2,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	665	520	150	1,260	910	350
51 Information and cultural industries	80	35	50	330	145	185
52 Finance and insurance	180	50	130	790	250	540
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	95	60	35	480	260	220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	200	135	70	1,975	1,175	795
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	25	10	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	155	105	55	2,090	1,220	865
61 Educational services	525	175	355	2,260	705	1,555
62 Health care and social assistance	1,085	190	895	4,340	665	3,675
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	80	35	45	825	395	435
72 Accommodation and food services	610	265	345	3,230	1,230	2,005
81 Other services (except public administration)	195	80	115	1,760	955	810
91 Public administration	760	495	265	1,335	775	560
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	5,965	2,920	3,040	31,610	16,435	15,175
Worked at home	165	50	115	1,375	585	790
Worked outside Canada	0	10	0	290	155	140
No fixed workplace address	440	355	80	3,140	2,330	815
Worked at usual place	5,355	2,510	2,840	26,810	13,380	13,430
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	5,355	2,510	2,845	26,810	13,375	13,430
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,465	2,030	2,435	19,765	9,260	10,510
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	490	205	285	5,770	3,315	2,455
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	320	210	105	1,150	730	425
Commute to a different province or territory	80	65	15	115	70	45
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	5,790	2,870	2,925	29,945	15,705	14,245
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,925	2,415	2,510	24,845	13,180	11,665
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	405	180	230	2,115	975	1,140
Public transit	30	35	0	1,010	445	565
Walked	260	105	155	1,300	635	660
Bicycle	35	35	0	410	320	90
Other method	135	100	40	275	145	130
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	5,790	2,870	2,925	29,945	15,700	14,240
Less than 15 minutes	4,550	2,120	2,430	16,425	7,545	8,890
15 to 29 minutes	695	390	310	10,235	6,120	4,115
30 to 44 minutes	210	135	80	2,045	1,260	785
45 to 59 minutes	70	30	40	475	270	200
60 minutes and over	265	195	65	770	515	260
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	5,795	2,870	2,925	29,945	15,700	14,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	185	150	35	1,775	1,250	525
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	500	365	135	5,440	3,760	1,680
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,010	1,100	910	8,090	4,630	3,460
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,600	585	1,015	5,930	2,145	3,785
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	650	230	425	3,215	1,070	2,150
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	845	440	405	5,495	2,855	2,635
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	7,355	3,690	3,665	37,365	19,455	17,905
Single responses	7,330	3,690	3,640	37,235	19,400	17,835
Official languages	7,320	3,685	3,640	37,185	19,385	17,805
English	7,295	3,680	3,615	36,965	19,315	17,650
French	25	0	25	225	70	155
Non-official languages	10	0	0	50	15	25
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	45	20	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	0	15	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	10	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	10	0	10	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	0	25	125	60	70
English and French	25	0	25	90	40	50
English and non-official language	0	0	0	40	15	25
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	7,350	3,690	3,665	37,360	19,460	17,905
None	7,220	3,640	3,585	36,540	19,155	17,390
English	25	0	20	115	20	95
French	80	40	35	470	210	260
Non-official language	30	10	20	205	65	140
Aboriginal	0	0	0	15	0	20
Non-Aboriginal	30	10	15	195	70	125
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	12,860	6,245	6,615	70,295	34,200	36,095
Non-movers	11,190	5,460	5,725	61,150	29,880	31,270
Movers	1,675	785	890	9,140	4,320	4,820
Non-migrants	865	360	505	6,200	2,890	3,310
Migrants	810	420	385	2,945	1,435	1,510
Internal migrants	785	410	370	2,575	1,230	1,340
Intraprovincial migrants	465	240	225	2,190	1,060	1,135
Interprovincial migrants	320	170	150	380	170	210
External migrants	20	10	10	370	205	170
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	12,385	6,005	6,380	67,550	32,815	34,735
Non-movers	7,620	3,695	3,920	42,830	20,965	21,865
Movers	4,765	2,310	2,460	24,720	11,850	12,870
Non-migrants	2,325	1,105	1,220	15,940	7,510	8,430
Migrants	2,440	1,205	1,235	8,780	4,340	4,440
Internal migrants	2,325	1,135	1,190	7,570	3,690	3,880
Intraprovincial migrants	1,400	680	720	6,590	3,200	3,390
Interprovincial migrants	930	450	475	980	490	490
External migrants	110	75	40	1,210	650	560

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Gander [Census agglomeration], Newfoundland and Labrador and Sarnia [Population centre], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Gander [Census agglomeration], Newfoundland and Labrador and Sarnia [Population centre], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Gander [Census agglomeration], Newfoundland and Labrador and Sarnia [Population centre], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Gander [Census agglomeration], Newfoundland and Labrador and Sarnia [Population centre], Ontario