Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Calgary Alberta [Population centre]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Calgary [Population centre], Alberta Map : Calgary [Population centre], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,237,656	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,094,379 ^r	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.1	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	489,271	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	466,391	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,111.8	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	586.08	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,237,650	617,210	620,440	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	226,580	116,325	110,255	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	77,820	39,975	37,840	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	79,230	40,790	38,440	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	69,530	35,560	33,970	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	872,320	437,655	434,665	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	69,630	35,685	33,940	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	78,480	39,740	38,735	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	99,950	49,625	50,325	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	109,160	54,535	54,630	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	100,160	49,720	50,445	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	93,220	46,670	46,545	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	87,690	44,345	43,345	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	86,785	43,525	43,255	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	82,155	41,160	40,995	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	65,095	32,645	32,450	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	138,750	63,230	75,520	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	48,950	23,915	25,035	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	31,665	15,070	16,590	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	22,775	10,250	12,530	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	17,360	7,505	9,860	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	18,000	6,495	11,500	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	11,505	4,530	6,975	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	4,985	1,605	3,375	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	1,355	345	1,010	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	165	20	145	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3	18.8	17.8	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	70.5	70.9	70.1	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	11.2	10.2	12.2	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	1.5	1.1	1.9	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	37.6	37.0	38.2	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	36.7	36.2	37.1	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	466,395	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	262,430	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	32,885	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	169,050	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	29,430	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	44,710	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,860	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	72,850	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	195	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,025	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	466,390	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	114,185	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	150,775	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	78,405	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	75,220	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	47,805	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,221,000	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,011,070	500,885	510,185	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	595,925	298,785	297,135	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	506,035	253,695	252,340	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	89,885	45,090	44,795	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	415,150	202,105	213,050	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	292,725	160,265	132,465	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	22,220	9,685	12,540	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	62,225	24,230	37,995	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	37,970	7,925	30,045	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	336,770	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	155,450	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	75,845	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	74,685	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	30,785	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	336,770	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	289,225	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	244,295	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	44,935	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	47,545	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	37,050	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	10,495	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	289,225	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	126,065	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	163,160	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	62,340	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	71,235	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	29,585	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	47,545	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	29,385	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	13,505	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	4,650	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	219,475	112,410	107,070	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	466,395	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	309,995	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	115,155	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	194,840	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	12,900	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	143,500	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	114,185	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	29,320	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	1,107,090	558,230	548,855	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	1,165	505	655	1,485	680	800
English and French	89,335	41,345	47,990	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	29,190	11,970	17,220	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	1,171,870	587,145	584,725	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	18,945	9,585	9,355	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	7,390	3,665	3,730	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	28,575	11,660	16,915	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	22,640	11,420	11,220	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.8	1.9	1.8	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,226,785	612,060	614,725	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	1,188,730	593,530	595,195	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	824,410	417,710	406,695	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	806,275	408,530	397,750	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	18,135	9,185	8,950	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	364,320	175,820	188,500	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	695	250	440	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	490	185	300	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	225	85	135	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	195	80	115	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	5	20
Plains Cree	50	20	30	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	5	745	305	440
Woods Cree	5	5	10	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	125	55	70	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	10	50	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	50	10	45	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	50	20	35	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	20	35	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	10	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	20	5	15	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	10	10	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	10	80	40	40
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	90	25	70	630	305	330
Dakota	20	5	15	630	305	325
Stoney	70	20	50	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	363,630	175,570	188,060	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	28,940	15,185	13,760	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	130	75	55	40	25	15
Kabyle	60	30	30	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	75	40	25	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	2,465	1,225	1,240	1,750	875	875
Bilen	50	30	20	155	85	70
Oromo	940	485	455	345	175	170
Somali	1,460	705	755	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	10	0
Semitic languages	26,300	13,855	12,450	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	4,045	1,950	2,090	1,770	885	885
Arabic	18,355	9,860	8,495	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	280	150	130	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	80	40	40	0	0	0
Harari	70	40	30	0	0	0
Hebrew	480	240	245	545	320	225
Maltese	35	15	15	40	20	25
Tigrigna	2,750	1,460	1,290	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	205	105	110	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,365	6,235	7,125	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	835	400	435	280	135	145
Vietnamese	12,520	5,830	6,685	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	46,370	20,125	26,240	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	190	85	105	175	80	95
Cebuano	1,925	820	1,100	1,245	565	675
Fijian	40	20	15	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	665	260	400	390	170	220
Ilocano	2,540	1,110	1,435	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	20	5	15	0	0	5
Malay	760	330	425	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	260	125	130	655	315	340
Pangasinan	125	50	70	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	39,235	17,045	22,185	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	140	65	75	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	475	200	275	150	70	85
Creole languages	605	305	300	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	415	205	210	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	180	90	85	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	5,125	2,670	2,460	1,565	825	735
Kannada	285	145	140	95	50	40
Malayalam	2,075	1,065	1,010	790	410	380
Tamil	1,805	955	855	480	255	230
Telugu	930	490	440	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	90	45	45	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	175,190	86,705	88,485	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	1,325	700	630	350	170	180
Armenian	245	130	120	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	29,575	13,830	15,745	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	495	235	260	165	65	95
Latvian	165	80	95	80	35	45
Lithuanian	325	155	170	85	35	45
Slavic languages	29,080	13,600	15,485	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	20	10	10	40	20	25
Bosnian	780	390	395	575	285	290
Bulgarian	925	475	450	140	70	65
Croatian	1,890	930	960	1,030	505	530
Czech	1,360	640	720	615	310	310
Macedonian	150	75	75	145	70	75
Polish	7,670	3,610	4,060	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	9,255	4,185	5,070	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	1,815	910	905	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	515	250	265	240	110	130
Slovak	1,070	520	555	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	235	100	135	270	130	140
Ukrainian	3,350	1,485	1,860	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	75	40	30
Celtic languages	115	60	60	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	45	25	25	50	25	20
Welsh	55	30	25	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	10	10	0
Germanic languages	15,710	7,520	8,185	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	805	400	410	420	220	205
Danish	755	385	370	280	145	135
Dutch	3,455	1,725	1,725	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	35	15	15	55	30	25
German	9,925	4,665	5,255	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	65	35	30	475	210	260
Norwegian	220	95	130	115	45	65
Swedish	275	120	155	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	90	45	50	310	125	180
Yiddish	85	35	40	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	25	10	10
Greek	1,470	740	735	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	86,810	43,990	42,820	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	74,000	37,325	36,675	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	4,045	2,070	1,970	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	5,375	2,705	2,670	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	7,025	3,580	3,440	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	80	45	35	5	5	5
Konkani	165	80	85	35	20	15
Marathi	840	430	410	135	80	50
Nepali	1,925	1,010	915	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	100	50	45	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35,585	17,915	17,675	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	1,665	780	885	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	925	450	470	670	345	320
Urdu	16,275	8,200	8,075	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	11,875	6,170	5,700	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	740	395	345	415	210	200
Pashto	1,610	825	785	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	9,525	4,950	4,575	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	935	490	445	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	39,935	19,740	20,190	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	45	20	25	0	0	5
Italian	4,995	2,545	2,450	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	3,360	1,595	1,760	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	4,495	2,285	2,205	645	310	335
Spanish	27,030	13,290	13,740	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	5	10
Japanese	2,305	815	1,495	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	130	75	55	15	10	10
Georgian	130	70	55	15	5	5
Korean	8,875	4,105	4,770	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	450	210	240	20	5	15
Mongolian	445	210	235	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	5,575	2,860	2,715	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	640	335	305	150	90	65
Bamanankan	15	5	5	75	25	45
Edo	100	65	35	40	20	15
Ewe	55	35	25	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	45	40	65	35	30
Ga	55	25	25	15	10	5
Ganda	40	15	20	50	20	30
Igbo	680	360	320	280	155	130
Lingala	85	40	45	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	70	75	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	60	60	250	125	120
Shona	290	145	150	110	50	60
Swahili	755	365	390	870	420	455
Wolof	120	65	50	75	50	25
Yoruba	1,370	720	650	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,040	515	525	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,495	735	755	395	215	180
Dinka	720	360	355	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	775	370	400	225	125	100
Sign languages	235	130	105	440	230	210
American Sign Language	85	45	45	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	145	90	60	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	68,080	32,050	36,035	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	66,845	31,435	35,410	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	33,690	15,835	17,855	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	340	155	185	55	30	25
Mandarin	28,335	13,360	14,975	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	45	20	20	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,675	745	925	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	370	170	195	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,385	1,150	1,235	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,240	615	625	575	295	285
Burmese	265	135	130	85	50	30
Karenic languages	280	135	150	430	215	220
Tibetan	550	280	265	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	1,005	365	640	1,120	525	595
Lao	430	195	230	875	445	430
Thai	565	165	400	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	5	0	0
Turkic languages	1,720	945	775	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	240	135	105	30	20	15
Turkish	1,210	680	525	210	120	95
Uyghur	60	30	30	10	5	10
Uzbek	75	35	40	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	140	60	75	40	25	20
Uralic languages	3,755	1,810	1,950	1,440	655	790
Estonian	90	45	45	30	10	15
Finnish	280	105	170	225	85	135
Hungarian	3,390	1,655	1,735	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	190	130	155	85	70
Multiple responses	38,055	18,530	19,530	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	3,195	1,525	1,670	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	33,110	16,170	16,940	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	1,005	515	490	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	750	320	430	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,226,785	612,060	614,725	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	1,143,930	571,575	572,355	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	931,960	468,085	463,875	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	924,325	464,195	460,125	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	7,640	3,895	3,745	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	211,970	103,485	108,480	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	185	90	90	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	125	65	60	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	60	30	30	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	55	30	25	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	5	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	25	10	15	35	25	10
Dakota	15	0	10	35	25	10
Stoney	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	211,790	103,400	108,390	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,940	9,160	8,780	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	60	35	25	20	15	5
Kabyle	25	15	10	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	1,640	800	840	1,185	550	630
Bilen	45	25	25	120	65	55
Oromo	700	350	355	210	95	115
Somali	890	425	460	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	10	0
Semitic languages	16,220	8,320	7,905	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	2,705	1,295	1,410	1,045	520	525
Arabic	10,780	5,580	5,195	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	200	100	100	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	35	30	0	0	0
Harari	45	25	25	0	0	0
Hebrew	240	120	120	355	195	160
Maltese	5	0	5	10	5	5
Tigrigna	2,045	1,090	955	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	145	75	70	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,755	4,120	4,635	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	425	210	220	125	55	70
Vietnamese	8,325	3,905	4,415	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	24,790	11,560	13,230	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	30	10	15	30	15	15
Cebuano	815	385	430	495	250	245
Fijian	15	10	5	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	200	95	110	125	55	75
Ilocano	1,020	475	540	390	190	200
Malagasy	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malay	230	125	105	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	30	35	245	120	130
Pangasinan	15	10	10	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	22,195	10,340	11,855	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	50	25	25	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145	60	85	30	15	15
Creole languages	280	145	140	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	215	110	110	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	3,110	1,580	1,530	800	400	400
Kannada	115	60	55	45	25	25
Malayalam	1,275	645	630	405	195	205
Tamil	1,155	580	575	240	120	120
Telugu	550	285	270	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	60	30	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	97,070	48,290	48,785	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	610	325	285	155	80	75
Armenian	105	55	50	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	13,295	6,505	6,795	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	225	120	110	25	10	15
Latvian	80	45	35	15	5	5
Lithuanian	150	80	70	10	5	5
Slavic languages	13,070	6,380	6,685	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	350	175	175	285	145	140
Bulgarian	475	240	235	65	30	30
Croatian	680	335	350	320	145	180
Czech	395	190	205	115	55	60
Macedonian	80	40	40	85	35	45
Polish	3,115	1,510	1,610	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	5,640	2,730	2,910	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	930	460	475	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	175	90	85	90	40	50
Slovak	415	205	210	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25	55	20	30
Ukrainian	760	385	370	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages	15	10	5	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	5	0
Welsh	5	0	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,065	975	1,090	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	410	195	220	200	100	100
Danish	65	30	30	10	5	5
Dutch	395	190	200	270	135	130
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	1,085	505	580	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	15	10	5	35	15	20
Norwegian	25	10	15	10	5	5
Swedish	50	25	25	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	15	5	10
Yiddish	10	5	5	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	465	240	225
Greek	480	225	255	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	58,575	29,405	29,170	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	50,230	25,205	25,025	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	2,700	1,355	1,345	690	390	305
Gujarati	3,045	1,525	1,520	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	3,965	2,040	1,925	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	50	25	25	0	0	0
Konkani	35	20	15	10	5	5
Marathi	445	230	215	40	25	20
Nepali	1,330	685	645	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	45	25	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	26,795	13,430	13,365	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	705	310	395	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	470	230	240	360	190	170
Urdu	10,645	5,325	5,320	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	7,850	3,950	3,905	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	450	230	225	275	135	140
Pashto	1,030	525	510	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	6,370	3,195	3,175	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	490	255	240	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	21,920	10,790	11,130	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	25	10	10	0	0	0
Italian	1,215	535	680	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	1,645	790	855	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	2,330	1,195	1,135	235	110	125
Spanish	16,715	8,255	8,460	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	1,070	465	600	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	80	40	35	10	5	0
Georgian	80	45	35	10	5	5
Korean	6,340	3,015	3,320	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	275	130	145	5	0	5
Mongolian	280	130	145	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	1,745	840	905	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	300	155	145	45	30	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Edo	25	10	15	5	5	0
Ewe	15	10	5	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	35	15	15
Ga	15	5	10	5	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	135	65	70	75	40	35
Lingala	25	10	15	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	30	35	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	105	55	50
Shona	95	45	50	10	5	10
Swahili	340	155	185	500	240	265
Wolof	65	35	25	25	20	10
Yoruba	330	155	170	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	265	130	140	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	900	435	470	130	60	70
Dinka	440	215	230	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	460	220	240	55	30	25
Sign languages	310	180	135	560	310	255
American Sign Language	75	40	40	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	235	140	95	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,295	22,025	24,265	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	45,410	21,585	23,825	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	22,025	10,275	11,745	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	100	35	60	25	10	15
Mandarin	20,865	10,110	10,755	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	10	0	5	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	670	290	375	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	210	105	105	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,535	760	775	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	880	440	440	465	235	225
Burmese	175	90	85	55	30	25
Karenic languages	235	105	125	370	190	180
Tibetan	395	205	190	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	380	165	215	535	250	280
Lao	180	75	95	430	210	220
Thai	195	85	110	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	980	510	470	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	105	55	50	10	5	10
Turkish	730	390	345	65	35	35
Uyghur	45	20	25	0	0	0
Uzbek	50	25	30	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	25	10	15
Uralic languages	1,295	640	660	305	140	165
Estonian	15	5	15	0	0	0
Finnish	35	25	15	35	15	15
Hungarian	1,240	610	630	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	40	25	20
Multiple responses	82,850	40,485	42,365	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	2,160	1,080	1,075	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	79,110	38,650	40,460	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	370	180	190	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	1,215	565	645	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	1,013,605	508,710	504,900	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	92,670	46,130	46,540	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	11,895	5,435	6,460	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	104,740	49,860	54,880	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	605	240	365	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	104,130	49,625	54,510	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	640	325	320	305	150	150
English and non-official language	2,060	1,045	1,015	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	1,130	535	600	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	35	20	15	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	995,125	494,055	501,070	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	944,760	469,085	475,675	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,329	52,561	35,519	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	944,950	469,140	475,810	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,523	45,393	32,357	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	883,485	448,790	434,700	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,196	52,389	34,907	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	543,870	215,680	328,190	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,952	1,869	3,373	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	769,375	399,655	369,720	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,639	52,188	36,017	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	995,210	494,100	501,115	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	945,390	469,290	476,095	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	67,771	85,509	50,286	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	945,555	469,340	476,215	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,910	66,244	41,754	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	883,795	448,920	434,875	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	68,519	86,325	50,138	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	543,805	215,575	328,230	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,459	6,381	6,511	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	769,535	399,690	369,845	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	64,591	79,653	48,313	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	995,210	494,095	501,110	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	361,015	205,600	155,405	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	65,913	73,256	57,818	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	89,601	103,821	70,787	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	94.6	96.6	91.2	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.3	79.1	74.1	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	5.4	3.4	8.8	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	995,125	494,055	501,065	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	50,360	24,965	25,395	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	944,760	469,085	475,675	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	94.9	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	123,335	48,650	74,680	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	118,265	47,890	70,370	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	107,715	43,760	63,960	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	92,285	41,415	50,870	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	88,695	42,385	46,305	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	75,965	38,245	37,720	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	62,445	33,330	29,115	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	50,120	28,200	21,915	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	40,085	23,095	16,990	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	34,025	19,435	14,600	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	151,815	102,675	49,140	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	83,580	52,185	31,390	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	68,235	50,485	17,750	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	995,125	494,055	501,070	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	50,170	24,915	25,255	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	944,950	469,140	475,810	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	95.0	95.0	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	126,295	49,590	76,700	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	123,390	50,210	73,185	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	124,510	51,355	73,155	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	115,510	53,830	61,680	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	107,240	53,445	53,795	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	83,795	44,620	39,175	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	62,835	35,585	27,255	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	47,860	27,685	20,175	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	153,515	102,820	50,695	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	36,125	21,065	15,065	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	24,865	15,440	9,425	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	92,525	66,320	26,210	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	995,120	494,055	501,070	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	225,745	94,400	131,345	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	769,375	399,655	369,720	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	77.3	80.9	73.8	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	80,400	36,470	43,930	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	49,660	21,190	28,460	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	84,725	36,915	47,810	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	73,195	31,700	41,495	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	70,515	32,850	37,660	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	69,210	33,630	35,580	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	60,825	30,800	30,025	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	50,320	27,550	22,770	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	41,285	23,440	17,850	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	189,240	125,105	64,135	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	33,800	19,870	13,930	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	29,690	17,030	12,655	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	125,750	88,205	37,550	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	466,390	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	97,300	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	83,048	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	114,180	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,329	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,651	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	352,210	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	115,386	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	98,189	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	466,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	137,359	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	109,284	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	114,225	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	71,377	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	56,965	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	352,215	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	158,757	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	126,252	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	466,390	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	7,095	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,355	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,255	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,365	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,760	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,675	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,865	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,935	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	13,220	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	13,590	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	28,320	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	28,780	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,950	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	27,105	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,665	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	226,460	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	55,690	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	42,510	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	54,900	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	73,355	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	466,390	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	7,680	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,430	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,440	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,780	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,760	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,315	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,280	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,695	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,750	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	17,610	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35,495	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,025	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	33,905	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	31,910	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,510	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	182,825	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	57,345	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40,165	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	85,310	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	331,055	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	113,955	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,946	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	113,275	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	106,943	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,309	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	163,050	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,381	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,198	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	43,260	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,079	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,304	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	331,075	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	159,385	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,303	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	113,300	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	154,632	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	121,675	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	163,125	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	183,674	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	144,622	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	42,900	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	88,799	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,698	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	187,195	98,000	89,200	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	44,340	47,222	41,237	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	38,947	40,898	36,764	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	186,825	97,950	88,875	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	60,493	65,466	55,012	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	49,025	52,251	45,471	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,221,000	609,875	611,130	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	453,240	220,780	232,465	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	89,985	44,940	45,045	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	80,570	37,495	43,075	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	87,195	41,815	45,380	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	93,255	45,805	47,455	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	102,240	50,730	51,515	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	767,755	389,095	378,665	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	109,090	54,620	54,470	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	117,105	58,835	58,270	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	130,070	65,760	64,310	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	156,095	78,820	77,275	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	255,400	131,060	124,340	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,221,000	609,870	611,130	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	266,820	136,855	129,965	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	93,315	47,870	45,450	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	826,185	413,300	412,880	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	128,000	59,720	68,285	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	113,380	54,425	58,955	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	34,385	17,710	16,675	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	12,390	6,365	6,025	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	68,255	32,640	35,610	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	10,745	4,080	6,665	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.9	9.6	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	12.9	12.8	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.3	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.9	8.6	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	8.4	6.8	9.8	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	106,190	52,690	53,490	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	28,425	14,660	13,770	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	10,190	5,240	4,945	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	71,390	35,450	35,945	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	6,365	2,585	3,780	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.7	8.6	8.8	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.7	10.6	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.9	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.7	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	5.0	4.3	5.5	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,221,065	609,875	611,195	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	1,192,040	597,685	594,355	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	1,190,850	597,160	593,685	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	90,150	41,690	48,460	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	459,765	223,005	236,760	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	1,145	445	700	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	825	320	505	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	340	115	220	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	395	170	225	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	85	25	55
Plains Cree	90	35	50	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	10	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	55	10	45	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	235	115	115	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	100	40	60	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	90	35	55	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	125	55	70	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	130	55	70	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	15	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	90	35	50	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	15	20	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	10	10	10	10	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	20	0	15	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	10	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	120	35	90	760	365	395
Dakota	60	30	35	760	360	400
Stoney	80	15	65	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	10	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	458,645	222,570	236,070	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	40,545	21,255	19,290	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	205	140	60	85	50	40
Kabyle	110	65	50	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	80	10	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	3,580	1,825	1,760	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	65	40	20	210	120	85
Oromo	1,370	715	655	535	275	260
Somali	2,175	1,085	1,090	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	15	15	10
Semitic languages	37,380	19,665	17,720	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	5,745	2,910	2,840	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	27,475	14,610	12,865	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	145	160	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	90	45	45	10	0	0
Harari	95	45	50	0	10	0
Hebrew	1,550	740	805	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	35	20	10	65	30	35
Tigrigna	3,550	1,925	1,625	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	135	110	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	160	95	65	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,185	8,185	9,005	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,140	620	520	335	185	150
Vietnamese	16,105	7,590	8,515	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	58,325	25,175	33,155	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	165	65	100	225	100	125
Cebuano	2,680	1,205	1,475	1,615	805	810
Fijian	120	65	55	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	920	365	560	425	180	245
Ilocano	3,645	1,580	2,060	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	45	15	25	0	0	0
Malay	1,440	680	765	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	405	200	210	945	415	530
Pangasinan	205	80	120	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55,150	23,645	31,505	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	190	70	115	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	550	235	320	200	80	120
Creole languages	1,665	820	845	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	1,070	530	540	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	565	275	290	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	7,020	3,670	3,350	1,840	945	895
Kannada	530	270	270	175	95	80
Malayalam	2,475	1,300	1,175	830	400	430
Tamil	3,140	1,635	1,505	655	330	325
Telugu	1,295	680	615	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	70	40	35	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	85	40	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	231,575	115,000	116,575	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	1,685	885	800	390	195	195
Armenian	295	165	130	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	34,535	16,765	17,775	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	590	280	305	230	90	140
Latvian	230	115	115	115	45	70
Lithuanian	360	165	195	120	50	65
Slavic languages	34,175	16,590	17,580	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	70	30	40	65	25	45
Bosnian	1,230	655	575	835	405	430
Bulgarian	1,075	575	500	155	95	60
Croatian	2,520	1,240	1,280	1,595	765	825
Czech	1,635	770	860	735	335	395
Macedonian	270	145	120	140	75	60
Polish	8,895	4,245	4,650	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	13,245	6,395	6,855	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	2,300	1,135	1,165	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	565	310	260	190	75	115
Slovak	1,460	800	655	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	285	135	150	275	100	175
Ukrainian	4,465	2,025	2,445	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	70	35	30
Celtic languages	440	205	235	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	165	80	85	90	65	25
Welsh	85	55	35	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	190	75	110	45	15	25
Germanic languages	24,180	11,950	12,230	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	1,675	905	770	715	330	385
Danish	930	440	485	270	120	150
Dutch	4,255	2,095	2,165	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	55	25	30	90	65	30
German	16,755	8,375	8,375	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	80	40	40	560	225	335
Norwegian	455	175	280	290	115	175
Swedish	605	280	325	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	115	55	55	270	120	155
Yiddish	175	95	80	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	2,310	1,165	1,145	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	108,155	54,950	53,205	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	95,730	48,350	47,380	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	4,960	2,490	2,470	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	8,355	4,065	4,290	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	28,330	14,520	13,810	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	65	45	20	20	15	10
Konkani	370	195	180	40	30	10
Marathi	1,525	795	730	275	170	105
Nepali	2,210	1,220	995	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	150	75	75	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	46,930	23,830	23,100	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	2,605	1,145	1,465	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,360	675	680	920	500	420
Urdu	24,925	12,725	12,200	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	13,295	6,980	6,320	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	950	520	430	600	295	305
Pashto	2,160	1,165	990	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	10,545	5,540	5,005	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,135	610	525	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	65,685	31,890	33,795	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	70	40	30	15	10	10
Italian	8,880	4,390	4,490	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	4,950	2,430	2,525	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	5,560	2,875	2,690	785	395	390
Spanish	48,635	23,450	25,185	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	60	45	15
Japanese	4,140	1,870	2,270	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	130	75	50	10	0	15
Georgian	130	75	50	15	0	15
Korean	9,895	4,585	5,305	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	655	310	345	55	20	35
Mongolian	650	305	350	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	11,345	5,770	5,575	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	1,050	560	490	260	165	95
Bamanankan	15	10	10	160	95	65
Edo	215	130	85	95	60	30
Ewe	70	30	35	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	130	70	55	50	25	25
Ga	85	55	30	30	10	15
Ganda	75	35	45	230	110	120
Igbo	1,420	745	675	665	345	325
Lingala	425	230	195	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	170	95	80	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	60	305	155	155
Shona	475	205	270	250	110	140
Swahili	2,290	1,140	1,150	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	330	195	135	150	85	70
Yoruba	3,265	1,670	1,595	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,050	995	1,060	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,655	765	890	410	225	185
Dinka	785	380	400	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	875	380	490	225	120	105
Sign languages	1,495	625	870	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	805	305	505	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	710	335	375	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	78,975	37,670	41,305	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	77,485	36,945	40,545	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	42,435	20,075	22,360	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	425	185	245	50	30	20
Mandarin	38,790	18,285	20,505	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	60	35	25	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,350	990	1,360	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	570	250	320	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,020	1,485	1,535	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,520	735	790	675	310	370
Burmese	345	160	180	185	115	70
Karenic languages	295	145	150	465	200	265
Tibetan	805	405	400	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	150	60	95	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	1,325	545	775	1,565	730	835
Lao	555	255	300	1,120	520	600
Thai	830	315	515	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	2,525	1,340	1,180	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	350	170	185	50	25	30
Turkish	1,650	940	710	365	180	185
Uyghur	135	60	70	30	15	10
Uzbek	245	110	135	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	110	45	15	30
Uralic languages	4,540	2,185	2,360	1,550	730	815
Estonian	110	45	60	45	20	25
Finnish	300	140	165	265	105	160
Hungarian	4,120	1,990	2,130	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	770	435	335	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,074,380	538,880	535,510	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	242,400	124,240	118,160	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	831,980	414,635	417,340	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	146,685	70,995	75,690	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	812,685	411,335	401,350	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	382,575	185,600	196,980	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	63,985	31,855	32,130	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	38,205	18,155	20,055	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	64,705	30,950	33,750	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	126,145	61,265	64,875	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	56,770	27,755	29,010	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	69,375	33,510	35,865	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	89,535	43,370	46,160	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	25,805	12,940	12,865	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	382,580	185,600	196,980	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	34,915	17,805	17,115	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	64,760	33,690	31,070	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	74,440	34,200	40,240	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	172,630	82,925	89,705	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	35,830	16,980	18,850	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	382,580	185,600	196,980	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	40,965	19,530	21,435	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	1,420	640	780	435	170	265
Colombia	5,545	2,630	2,910	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	2,335	1,180	1,160	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	825	410	415	1,135	515	620
Haiti	485	260	230	155	75	80
Jamaica	2,830	1,280	1,550	1,810	835	970
Mexico	4,105	2,050	2,055	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	1,075	445	635	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	1,375	655	720	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10,700	4,910	5,790	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	10,255	5,070	5,185	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	72,995	36,510	36,485	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,950	990	955	1,055	530	525
Croatia	1,225	640	590	975	445	535
France	1,200	585	615	795	425	365
Germany	5,715	2,730	2,990	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	890	470	425	820	445	375
Hungary	1,845	925	920	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,620	855	765	650	310	340
Italy	3,625	1,955	1,670	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	2,915	1,555	1,360	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	6,395	3,015	3,375	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	1,075	480	595	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	4,225	2,125	2,105	720	345	375
Russian Federation	3,870	1,685	2,190	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,055	530	525	355	175	175
Ukraine	2,855	1,310	1,545	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	22,150	11,435	10,715	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	10,375	5,235	5,140	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	39,195	20,065	19,135	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	745	400	345	115	60	55
Egypt	2,840	1,510	1,330	980	525	455
Ethiopia	5,195	2,565	2,630	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	2,605	1,275	1,330	935	470	465
Morocco	660	340	320	250	140	110
Nigeria	7,360	3,825	3,540	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	1,340	635	705	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	2,675	1,410	1,265	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	15,770	8,100	7,670	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	225,895	107,730	118,170	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	3,200	1,715	1,485	615	285	330
Bangladesh	3,095	1,590	1,510	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	34,535	15,920	18,610	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10,935	5,310	5,620	1,460	715	735
India	44,215	22,225	21,985	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	5,700	2,930	2,770	1,180	655	530
Iraq	3,535	1,890	1,645	860	460	400
Japan	1,485	435	1,055	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	6,975	3,265	3,715	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	4,115	2,180	1,930	265	165	100
Pakistan	17,065	8,865	8,195	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	51,430	22,420	29,010	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	1,960	1,010	955	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,150	1,125	1,025	805	390	410
Taiwan	2,185	930	1,255	215	110	110
Viet Nam	14,820	6,915	7,900	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	18,495	8,995	9,495	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	3,535	1,770	1,755	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	89,530	43,370	46,160	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	8,710	4,380	4,330	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	510	230	280	100	35	65
Colombia	1,230	595	640	185	70	120
Cuba	125	60	65	75	25	55
Haiti	140	90	50	15	10	0
Jamaica	430	220	205	340	175	165
Mexico	1,790	955	835	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,875	900	975	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,105	540	560	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	1,505	785	715	1,490	640	850
Europe	8,670	4,435	4,230	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	270	155	120	135	70	75
Germany	420	195	225	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	575	365	215	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	420	240	180	160	85	70
Romania	570	285	285	70	30	35
Russian Federation	630	215	415	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	795	325	465	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,320	1,330	985	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	2,670	1,320	1,350	1,060	590	470
Africa	11,590	5,865	5,720	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	130	65	70	20	10	10
Cameroon	565	280	280	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	215	95	115	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	95	45	45	95	35	60
Egypt	1,095	570	525	415	220	190
Eritrea	1,035	600	440	795	430	360
Ethiopia	1,585	735	855	810	425	380
Morocco	185	70	120	70	30	35
Nigeria	3,780	1,975	1,805	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	240	90	150	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	435	255	185	225	110	120
Tunisia	70	40	30	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	2,150	1,045	1,105	1,555	820	735
Asia	59,835	28,215	31,620	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	465	255	215	60	35	25
Bangladesh	745	350	395	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	6,205	2,795	3,410	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	415	190	225	185	105	80
India	12,665	6,425	6,240	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	2,240	1,125	1,115	425	230	195
Iraq	1,220	645	570	330	175	155
Israel	215	110	110	595	340	260
Japan	330	75	255	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,800	730	1,070	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	500	265	235	140	100	35
Nepal	1,115	585	530	210	70	140
Pakistan	4,325	2,110	2,220	1,535	800	735
Philippines	21,130	9,560	11,570	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	340	170	170	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	335	160	180	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,380	700	675	635	325	310
Taiwan	320	110	215	20	0	10
Turkey	145	60	80	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	435	225	210	110	55	55
Viet Nam	1,155	480	680	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	2,350	1,090	1,255	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	735	475	260	150	80	70
Australia	505	310	195	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	225	165	60	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	416,850	203,105	213,745	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	263,750	133,320	130,435	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	540,465	273,445	267,020	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	324,835	156,910	167,920	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	183,995	92,680	91,310	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	72,950	45,695	27,260	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	111,040	46,985	64,055	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	91,920	37,580	54,340	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	46,200	25,280	20,915	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	2,720	1,370	1,350	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	35,150	16,590	18,565	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	34,290	16,175	18,120	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	15,485	7,080	8,405	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	18,450	8,960	9,495	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	355	140	220	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	365	210	155	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	495	210	285	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,185,915	593,285	592,635	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,221,070	609,870	611,195	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	12,565	5,675	6,890	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,208,505	604,195	604,305	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,325	3,855	4,470	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	8,080	3,720	4,360	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,865	2,680	3,190	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	2,105	995	1,110	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	105	45	60	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	250	140	105	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	240	135	95	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	37,965	18,100	19,865	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	36,440	17,385	19,050	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20,225	9,535	10,695	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15,850	7,710	8,140	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	355	140	215	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,530	715	815	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,455	675	780	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	20	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	20	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,174,775	587,920	586,860	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	441,710	217,600	224,110	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	115,455	58,560	56,890	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	87,800	42,885	44,915	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	51,420	26,370	25,055	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	67,475	30,320	37,155	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	26,210	13,005	13,205	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	25,120	13,315	11,805	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	21,515	10,350	11,165	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	12,610	6,665	5,945	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	10,635	4,970	5,670	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	5,175	2,290	2,890	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	4,410	2,055	2,355	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	13,885	6,820	7,065	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	779,355	392,275	387,080	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,221,065	609,875	611,195	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	46,290	21,955	24,335	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	27,830	13,045	14,790	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	550	225	320	955	460	500
Métis	19,695	9,540	10,150	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	248,725	126,295	122,430	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	1,585	825	750	645	325	320
American	20,455	9,950	10,510	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	233,875	118,990	114,885	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	25	20	10	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	490	285	205	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	45	35	15	20	15	0
Ontarian	45	35	10	20	20	0
Québécois	365	215	150	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	145	90	60	30	10	25
European origins	703,685	351,395	352,285	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	447,635	223,550	224,080	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	130	75	60	45	25	25
Cornish	85	15	70	85	45	40
English	253,760	125,995	127,765	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	169,125	81,845	87,290	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	295	165	135	200	100	100
Scottish	204,615	101,690	102,930	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	23,395	11,360	12,035	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	31,570	15,495	16,075	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	100,320	49,510	50,810	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	35	15	20	20	15	15
Breton	20	0	15	120	40	75
Corsican	15	10	10	0	10	0
French	100,280	49,490	50,785	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	220,095	108,670	111,425	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	12,600	6,050	6,550	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	20	10	0	15	10	0
Belgian	5,485	2,700	2,790	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	45,565	22,740	22,820	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	475	190	285	965	445	515
Frisian	145	70	70	140	75	55
German	169,470	83,405	86,070	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	220	110	110	155	65	90
Swiss	6,730	3,175	3,555	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	350	160	190	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,340	38,680	41,660	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	15,865	7,790	8,075	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	4,720	2,255	2,470	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	6,680	3,255	3,425	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	35,215	16,710	18,505	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	22,830	10,905	11,920	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,445	1,740	1,705	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	178,655	87,410	91,245	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	1,570	800	765	330	190	145
Byelorussian	785	395	385	885	430	455
Czech	6,640	3,365	3,275	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,125	1,005	1,120	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	1,040	435	605	190	80	115
Hungarian	19,315	9,480	9,830	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	1,010	480	530	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	2,225	1,065	1,165	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	905	470	435	325	170	160
Polish	48,590	23,630	24,960	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	12,120	5,700	6,425	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	33,185	15,745	17,440	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	4,200	2,175	2,025	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	77,580	37,930	39,650	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	840	440	400	895	415	480
Southern European origins	83,005	41,325	41,680	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	1,795	920	875	415	220	195
Bosnian	1,595	875	725	1,030	505	520
Catalan	50	25	25	15	0	15
Croatian	5,575	2,835	2,740	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	60	25	35	45	25	15
Greek	6,155	3,160	2,990	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	37,810	19,030	18,780	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	155	75	75	45	20	25
Macedonian	485	230	255	225	120	110
Maltese	505	250	255	360	165	195
Montenegrin	125	70	50	40	10	30
Portuguese	7,650	3,870	3,780	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	3,200	1,610	1,590	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	115	60	55	235	110	125
Slovenian	1,600	870	725	1,005	485	520
Spanish	20,655	9,665	10,990	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,420	720	700	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	115	50	60	65	40	30
Other European origins	8,585	4,240	4,345	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	180	80	100	100	65	35
Jewish	4,220	2,035	2,185	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	165	90	75	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	420	210	215	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	3,635	1,850	1,785	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	14,045	6,945	7,100	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	255	160	95	60	20	40
Bahamian	115	55	55	60	35	25
Barbadian	770	365	405	740	390	350
Bermudan	115	45	70	40	30	15
Carib	60	10	45	65	30	40
Cuban	790	365	425	340	155	190
Dominican	290	185	105	275	145	135
Grenadian	200	90	115	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	850	440	415	235	90	150
Jamaican	6,570	3,220	3,345	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	65	50	10	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	220	120	100	70	25	45
St. Lucian	325	165	160	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,915	955	965	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	315	135	185	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,035	505	530	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,080	505	580	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	33,485	16,500	16,985	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	790	410	380	650	330	320
Arawak	75	10	70	10	10	10
Argentinian	745	370	375	475	230	245
Belizean	135	90	45	200	105	100
Bolivian	245	125	115	300	160	140
Brazilian	1,535	660	875	830	375	455
Chilean	2,915	1,475	1,445	1,520	720	795
Colombian	7,105	3,380	3,720	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	280	125	150	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	420	170	250	125	70	55
Guatemalan	1,140	600	535	505	240	260
Guyanese	1,045	565	475	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	705	320	385	425	210	220
Honduran	350	180	170	520	245	280
Maya	205	105	105	220	135	80
Mexican	7,555	3,875	3,680	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	875	405	475	370	200	170
Panamanian	140	60	80	50	10	40
Paraguayan	160	70	90	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	1,420	610	815	350	130	225
Salvadorean	2,770	1,425	1,350	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	120	70	55	35	10	20
Venezuelan	3,285	1,660	1,620	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,570	770	795	1,045	525	520
African origins	55,620	28,515	27,105	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	15,495	8,050	7,445	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	95	55	40	35	10	25
Angolan	155	70	80	10	10	0
Ashanti	65	45	20	25	10	10
Beninese	115	45	75	55	45	0
Burkinabe	20	0	15	20	10	10
Cameroonian	960	465	495	145	80	70
Chadian	45	35	10	10	10	0
Congolese	1,340	640	695	1,575	785	790
Edo	285	165	120	130	85	45
Ewe	70	40	30	15	10	10
Gabonese	25	0	20	25	20	10
Gambian	75	40	35	10	0	10
Ghanaian	1,690	900	790	380	220	170
Guinean	155	85	65	70	20	50
Ibo	1,055	535	515	435	205	225
Ivorian	135	75	60	120	45	75
Liberian	295	145	150	80	20	55
Malian	25	25	0	140	85	55
Malinké	25	10	10	35	20	10
Nigerian	7,395	3,875	3,515	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	45	25	20	25	15	15
Senegalese	275	185	90	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	215	110	105	320	155	165
Togolese	75	30	40	115	60	55
Wolof	40	30	10	25	10	15
Yoruba	1,670	920	755	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	580	260	325	545	260	285
North African origins	11,070	5,795	5,275	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	810	415	400	100	35	60
Berber	340	195	145	150	90	55
Coptic	115	60	55	85	45	40
Dinka	265	150	115	30	25	10
Egyptian	4,360	2,325	2,035	1,335	720	620
Libyan	575	305	270	360	175	185
Maure	0	0	0	100	70	30
Moroccan	1,035	550	485	350	190	160
Sudanese	3,255	1,625	1,630	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	475	245	225	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	270	150	120	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	20,325	10,355	9,965	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	100	55	45	65	40	30
Amhara	220	115	105	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	185	100	90	150	90	65
Burundian	195	110	85	235	110	125
Djiboutian	15	0	0	45	30	15
Eritrean	3,750	2,015	1,740	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	6,355	3,205	3,150	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kenyan	905	410	490	335	165	170
Malagasy	45	20	30	25	15	10
Mauritian	250	150	100	245	125	115
Oromo	675	350	330	325	185	140
Rwandan	180	75	100	300	145	155
Seychellois	25	10	10	45	20	30
Somali	2,755	1,385	1,370	1,740	900	845
South African	2,390	1,185	1,200	730	310	420
Tanzanian	440	175	260	90	55	30
Tigrian	430	235	195	320	200	120
Ugandan	325	190	135	255	125	130
Zambian	115	75	40	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	745	370	370	310	150	160
Zulu	35	20	15	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,440	695	740	440	230	210
Other African origins	9,730	4,810	4,920	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	845	405	440	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	8,965	4,440	4,525	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	366,030	179,085	186,945	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	46,200	24,100	22,100	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	5,205	2,795	2,410	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,865	2,630	2,235	1,755	975	785
Armenian	960	475	485	495	250	250
Assyrian	315	180	140	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	290	115	175	55	35	20
Georgian	215	120	95	110	60	45
Hazara	265	140	125	0	0	0
Iranian	8,350	4,335	4,015	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	3,645	1,910	1,740	925	480	450
Israeli	695	370	325	775	410	360
Jordanian	560	290	265	235	100	135
Kazakh	290	120	170	335	185	145
Kurd	880	505	375	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	45	40	10	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	150	90	60	45	30	20
Lebanese	12,730	6,555	6,180	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	1,550	825	730	620	340	275
Pashtun	375	175	200	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	155	95	60	170	95	70
Syrian	3,190	1,565	1,620	1,115	535	580
Tajik	170	105	70	55	20	40
Tatar	340	145	195	310	155	155
Turk	2,455	1,345	1,110	655	315	340
Turkmen	55	40	20	10	0	0
Uighur	150	75	75	10	10	0
Uzbek	255	110	140	70	45	20
Yemeni	545	270	275	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	1,330	690	640	305	145	155
South Asian origins	114,955	58,430	56,530	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	2,355	1,165	1,190	880	500	385
Bengali	950	475	475	200	115	85
Bhutanese	160	85	80	140	55	85
East Indian	84,575	42,715	41,860	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	285	145	145	50	30	30
Gujarati	295	140	150	220	120	100
Kashmiri	575	275	295	30	10	15
Nepali	1,880	1,015	865	500	250	250
Pakistani	17,585	9,010	8,575	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	7,885	4,100	3,790	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	360	190	170	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	2,335	1,225	1,110	1,090	545	545
Tamil	410	210	205	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,460	1,245	1,210	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	206,955	97,665	109,295	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	745	370	375	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,005	1,085	920	525	280	240
Chinese	102,020	49,450	52,570	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	71,620	32,360	39,260	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,425	650	775	530	265	265
Japanese	7,080	3,120	3,960	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	300	145	155	455	195	255
Korean	11,240	5,235	6,000	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	815	370	440	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	1,255	570	680	470	240	230
Mongolian	1,065	495	575	150	60	90
Singaporean	205	110	100	20	10	10
Taiwanese	1,135	505	635	150	90	60
Thai	970	360	605	750	335	420
Tibetan	885	460	425	15	10	10
Vietnamese	19,425	9,385	10,040	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	305	160	145	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	1,585	795	785	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,585	800	785	575	320	260
Oceania origins	5,465	2,825	2,640	1,525	740	785
Australian	3,010	1,590	1,420	910	415	495
New Zealander	1,100	575	520	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	1,455	710	740	345	180	165
Fijian	940	440	500	80	45	30
Hawaiian	150	65	85	60	30	30
Maori	135	60	75	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	75	45	25	95	45	45
Samoan	60	45	10	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	115	60	55	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	466,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	333,250	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	133,190	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	466,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	104,630	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	361,810	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	466,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	1,765	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	50,715	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	105,125	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	163,430	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,405	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	466,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	126,900	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	71,525	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	67,640	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	58,660	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,710	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	466,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	454,640	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	11,800	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	466,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	444,145	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	22,295	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	466,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	46,435	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	136,445	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	60,915	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	73,380	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	52,615	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	50,200	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	46,455	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	466,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	446,360	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	20,075	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	466,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	260,935	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	187,705	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	17,800	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	466,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,330	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	90,020	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	101,280	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	99,230	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	85,280	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	45,995	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	22,995	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	8,305	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	464,080	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	360,895	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	103,180	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	88,930	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	333,235	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	66.7	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.5	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,586	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,611	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	450,322	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	517,942	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	133,190	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.2	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.7	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,308	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,354	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	995,205	494,095	501,110	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,445	68,580	65,865	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	257,010	128,455	128,555	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	603,750	297,060	306,685	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65,455	48,585	16,870	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	23,950	13,665	10,285	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	41,500	34,920	6,585	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	175,745	74,265	101,485	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,685	13,040	18,640	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	330,865	161,175	169,690	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	230,230	109,110	121,120	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	17,400	8,030	9,370	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,655	4,235	4,425	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	63,930	32,975	30,955	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10,650	6,835	3,820	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	720,405	359,295	361,110	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	58,820	32,035	26,785	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	157,735	80,555	77,180	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	503,850	246,705	257,145	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50,370	38,010	12,360	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	17,770	10,345	7,425	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	32,600	27,670	4,935	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	141,365	60,495	80,870	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,545	10,545	15,000	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	286,575	137,655	148,920	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	198,340	93,270	105,065	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,525	6,595	7,930	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,705	3,540	4,165	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	57,340	28,925	28,410	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	8,670	5,320	3,350	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	995,205	494,100	501,110	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	391,460	197,040	194,425	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	35,195	7,430	27,765	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	35,195	7,430	27,765	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,950	8,325	11,620	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,260	2,270	995	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	16,685	6,060	10,630	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	27,690	10,035	17,655	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,035	625	2,415	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	6,980	1,835	5,140	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,525	2,845	5,680	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	125	60	65	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,855	1,015	840	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,680	1,630	1,050	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	3,755	1,880	1,880	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	740	150	585	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	65,540	23,280	42,260	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	735	125	610	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,130	2,740	5,395	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,730	825	6,910	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	12,205	4,310	7,890	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	860	200	660	955	305	650
42. Psychology	10,290	2,320	7,970	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	25,590	12,765	12,825	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	139,545	58,510	81,030	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	175	65	105	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,950	1,200	5,750	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	132,420	57,245	75,180	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,295	17,580	14,710	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10,155	4,080	6,080	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	6,025	2,915	3,110	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	305	115	195	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	14,470	10,030	4,445	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,335	445	885	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	27,160	17,580	9,580	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	22,105	15,375	6,735	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	1,460	210	1,250	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,300	1,805	1,490	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	300	190	105	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	141,635	120,755	20,880	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	5,350	3,270	2,080	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	58,720	46,645	12,070	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	26,770	21,725	5,045	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	0	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	22,095	21,395	700	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,140	18,540	605	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	9,525	9,180	345	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,055	4,780	4,275	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,665	2,630	2,030	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,385	2,145	2,245	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	82,035	17,425	64,615	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,885	3,385	3,500	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	72,655	12,730	59,930	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,495	1,315	1,185	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,590	11,340	12,245	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	15,855	5,095	10,760	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	95	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	145	125	20	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	3,285	2,220	1,070	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,200	3,810	395	6,185	5,750	435
Other	60	20	45	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	20	45	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	720,405	359,295	361,110	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	216,550	112,590	103,965	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	26,940	5,300	21,645	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	26,945	5,295	21,645	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,545	6,820	9,725	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,680	1,850	830	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	13,860	4,970	8,895	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	23,135	8,215	14,920	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,595	525	2,075	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	5,900	1,535	4,365	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,335	2,405	4,925	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	120	60	55	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,495	815	675	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,020	1,200	820	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	3,135	1,550	1,585	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	540	125	415	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	56,210	19,660	36,545	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	615	120	500	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	7,080	2,340	4,745	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,295	650	5,645	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	10,610	3,525	7,085	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	730	175	555	815	265	550
42. Psychology	8,665	1,870	6,800	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	22,200	10,975	11,225	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	118,600	49,620	68,980	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	150	65	85	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,890	970	4,915	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	112,560	48,580	63,980	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	26,200	13,905	12,290	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	8,375	3,285	5,095	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,955	2,410	2,545	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	240	105	135	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	11,620	7,790	3,835	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,005	315	695	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	24,470	15,875	8,595	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20,410	14,175	6,230	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	1,165	175	995	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,635	1,370	1,270	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	255	160	105	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	117,760	99,215	18,545	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	4,450	2,585	1,865	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	51,090	40,000	11,090	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	21,885	17,690	4,200	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	0	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	18,060	17,455	600	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,035	14,555	480	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	7,210	6,925	285	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,865	4,030	3,835	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,890	2,135	1,760	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,975	1,900	2,075	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	67,250	14,710	52,540	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	5,835	2,905	2,930	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	59,180	10,680	48,500	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,235	1,125	1,110	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,835	9,340	9,495	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	12,475	4,170	8,305	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	75	65	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	70	10	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	2,685	1,845	835	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,530	3,195	335	4,885	4,545	340
Other	50	15	30	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	15	35	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	995,210	494,100	501,110	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	391,465	197,035	194,420	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	603,750	297,060	306,685	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	445,270	219,840	225,430	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	308,130	151,020	157,110	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	137,140	68,825	68,320	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	158,475	77,220	81,260	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	18,870	10,835	8,035	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	27,005	10,400	16,605	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	18,585	9,255	9,330	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	12,830	7,345	5,490	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	11,810	5,565	6,250	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	1,175	680	500	395	235	165
Other	68,200	33,145	35,055	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	720,405	359,290	361,110	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	216,550	112,590	103,965	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	503,850	246,705	257,145	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	367,885	181,930	185,960	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	254,900	125,155	129,745	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	112,985	56,770	56,210	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	135,965	64,775	71,185	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,875	8,305	6,565	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	24,980	9,530	15,450	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	16,790	8,220	8,570	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	9,210	5,270	3,940	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10,395	4,800	5,595	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	1,025	605	430	340	195	145
Other	58,685	28,040	30,645	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	995,210	494,100	501,110	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	727,400	386,440	340,960	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	658,130	347,640	310,490	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	69,270	38,805	30,470	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	267,810	107,660	160,150	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	73.1	78.2	68.0	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	66.1	70.4	62.0	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	9.5	10.0	8.9	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	995,210	494,100	501,115	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	245,050	97,105	147,950	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	750,155	396,995	353,160	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	374,015	215,020	159,000	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	376,140	181,975	194,160	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.2	41.7	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	727,400	386,440	340,960	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,195	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	712,220	379,460	332,765	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	632,520	328,780	303,740	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	79,705	50,675	29,025	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	727,400	386,440	340,960	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,190	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	712,225	379,460	332,765	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	78,170	50,195	27,970	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	126,355	40,255	86,100	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	79,675	61,985	17,695	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	46,840	9,625	37,210	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	72,725	23,280	49,445	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	19,040	8,195	10,845	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	163,590	72,885	90,705	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,345	92,710	6,640	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	9,845	8,085	1,760	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,635	12,240	4,395	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	727,400	386,440	340,960	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,195	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	712,220	379,455	332,765	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,485	1,435	1,055	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	44,755	27,955	16,800	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	7,975	5,050	2,925	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	64,960	56,280	8,685	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	36,825	27,150	9,670	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	25,880	17,645	8,230	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	78,685	38,345	40,340	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	39,765	28,015	11,750	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	14,375	8,605	5,775	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	26,420	11,645	14,775	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,460	8,245	6,215	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	76,775	44,995	31,780	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,435	1,825	1,605	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,815	17,925	12,895	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	45,005	14,380	30,625	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	77,105	14,375	62,730	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	16,270	7,885	8,385	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	50,545	21,570	28,980	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,960	12,230	17,730	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	25,730	13,925	11,810	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	658,125	347,640	310,490	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	44,725	21,325	23,400	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	2,810	2,145	665	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	89,305	66,790	22,510	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	521,290	257,375	263,915	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	521,290	257,375	263,910	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	489,460	237,345	252,115	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,065	12,400	8,670	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,745	5,780	1,965	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	3,015	1,855	1,160	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	610,590	324,165	286,425	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	433,730	243,310	190,420	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	31,375	10,730	20,645	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	96,510	43,190	53,315	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	30,265	14,550	15,715	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	9,860	6,910	2,945	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	8,855	5,470	3,380	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	610,590	324,165	286,425	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	105,445	48,710	56,740	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	256,495	136,765	119,730	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	161,505	91,555	69,945	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	50,720	27,095	23,630	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	36,425	20,045	16,380	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	610,590	324,165	286,425	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	40,155	27,800	12,355	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	123,570	74,495	49,080	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	179,975	93,225	86,750	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	108,835	51,345	57,495	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,150	29,290	37,860	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	90,900	48,015	42,885	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	771,270	406,730	364,535	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	761,730	402,170	359,560	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	752,110	397,185	354,930	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	750,255	396,625	353,630	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	1,860	560	1,300	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	9,615	4,985	4,630	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,605	4,985	4,630	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	205	135	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	335	200	130	270	145	125
Amharic	45	30	15	15	0	10
Arabic	240	150	90	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	30	10	20	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	790	290	495	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	785	290	500	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	315	145	175	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	10	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	140	145	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	15	10	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,050	1,690	1,360	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	310	155	155	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	310	155	160	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	100	70	25	65	50	20
Russian	155	60	100	280	145	135
Serbian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	0	20	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	80	45	35	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	15	10	10	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	35	20	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	10	10	10	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	10	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,790	1,070	725	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	1,650	980	670	685	455	225
Bengali	15	10	10	20	0	15
Gujarati	20	10	10	10	10	10
Hindi	110	50	55	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	25	20	15	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,365	855	510	605	400	210
Sindhi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	105	40	65	10	0	10
Iranian languages	135	85	50	75	45	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	20	15	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	115	65	50	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	840	405	435	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	20	10	10
Portuguese	90	45	45	330	215	115
Romanian	50	35	15	10	10	0
Spanish	690	320	370	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	95	35	60	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	470	195	280	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	15	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	55	20	35	210	80	135
American Sign Language	25	10	20	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,365	2,330	2,035	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	4,330	2,310	2,015	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	2,830	1,465	1,365	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,360	770	590	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	75	50	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	15	10	10	10
Burmese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	30	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	40	35	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	9,535	4,560	4,975	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	1,525	615	910	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	7,865	3,875	3,985	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	20	10	15	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	130	65	70	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	771,265	406,730	364,535	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	735,050	388,360	346,690	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	4,985	2,355	2,630	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	7,140	3,250	3,890	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	23,465	12,445	11,025	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	75	20	60	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	23,390	12,425	10,960	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	25	10	15	10	0	10
English and non-official language	110	50	55	65	45	20
French and non-official language	495	265	230	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,205,770	601,970	603,795	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	1,014,540	505,275	509,265	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	191,230	96,700	94,530	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	142,630	72,720	69,910	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	48,595	23,975	24,625	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	28,020	13,785	14,235	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	13,535	6,780	6,755	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	14,490	7,005	7,480	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	20,575	10,185	10,390	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,143,585	569,985	573,595	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	615,955	305,415	310,540	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	527,630	264,575	263,060	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	330,990	167,285	163,700	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	196,640	97,285	99,355	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	109,560	54,755	54,805	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	40,130	20,085	20,050	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	69,425	34,670	34,755	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	87,080	42,525	44,555	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Manitoba [Province]