Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Canada [Country]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Edmonton Alberta [Population centre]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta Map : Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,062,643	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	935,361 ^r	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.6	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	436,072	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	408,474	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,855.5	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	572.69	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,062,630	529,160	533,475	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	189,385	96,675	92,705	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	67,160	34,170	32,995	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	64,905	33,095	31,810	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	57,315	29,415	27,905	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	741,065	373,755	367,305	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	59,595	30,630	28,970	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	76,985	38,935	38,050	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	92,100	46,790	45,315	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	92,485	46,810	45,675	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	81,310	41,230	40,085	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	72,120	36,460	35,665	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	68,330	34,420	33,910	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	71,630	35,765	35,865	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	69,135	34,460	34,680	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	57,360	28,260	29,100	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	132,180	58,725	73,460	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	44,235	21,370	22,865	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	29,650	13,740	15,915	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	22,400	10,015	12,385	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	17,375	7,250	10,125	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	18,525	6,340	12,180	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	11,585	4,420	7,165	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	5,340	1,575	3,765	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	1,380	310	1,065	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	220	35	180	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.3	17.4	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	69.7	70.6	68.9	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	12.4	11.1	13.8	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.3	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	37.9	37.1	38.7	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	36.2	35.5	36.9	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	408,470	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	216,070	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	26,235	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	163,425	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	25,325	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	39,095	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,265	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	88,640	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,740	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	408,470	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	106,810	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	134,205	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	66,925	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	60,770	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	39,760	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,041,915	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	873,250	432,480	440,770	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	493,095	247,635	245,465	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	413,050	207,540	205,515	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	80,045	40,095	39,950	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	380,150	184,845	195,305	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	265,150	146,340	118,805	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	20,705	8,830	11,875	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	54,915	21,960	32,955	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	39,380	7,710	31,665	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	285,250	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	136,500	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	63,455	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	59,040	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	26,260	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	285,250	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	238,610	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	198,600	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	40,010	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	46,640	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	36,680	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	9,960	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	238,610	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	107,905	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	130,705	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	50,685	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	55,380	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	24,640	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	46,640	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	28,590	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	12,765	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	5,285	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	201,250	104,730	96,520	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	408,475	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	264,795	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	99,885	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	164,915	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	9,950	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	133,730	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	106,810	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	26,920	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	950,200	477,780	472,415	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	1,570	680	890	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	78,205	36,950	41,255	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	20,060	8,045	12,015	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	1,002,275	501,090	501,185	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	21,640	11,245	10,400	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	6,555	3,350	3,200	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	19,565	7,775	11,795	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	24,915	12,920	12,000	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.4	2.5	2.3	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	1,018,575	508,110	510,465	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	722,350	364,530	357,820	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	701,590	353,735	347,860	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	20,760	10,795	9,965	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	296,220	143,580	152,640	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	2,055	765	1,285	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	1,650	620	1,030	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	35	10	25	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,530	580	950	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	5	0	5	100	50	55
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	15	10	10	315	125	190
Plains Cree	310	105	210	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	20	10	10	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	135	55	80	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	1,045	405	640	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	5	0	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	80	25	55	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	75	25	50	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	200	65	135	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	200	70	130	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Beaver	0	0	5	190	85	105
Carrier	5	0	5	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	0	5	0	660	295	360
Dene	130	45	85	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	20	5	15	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	0	0	0	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	80	25	50
Sekani	0	0	0	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	35	15	25	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	10	0	5	765	365	400
South Slavey	20	5	10	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	5	5	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	5	0	0	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	5	180	90	90
Tahltan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	5	0	5	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	50	20	35
Haida	0	0	5	75	35	40
Inuit languages	50	15	35	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	25	10	15	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	5	5	5	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	0	0	0	45	20	20
Mohawk	0	0	0	980	430	555
Oneida	0	0	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Kutenai	0	0	0	105	55	55
Michif	30	15	15	465	230	235
Salish languages	5	0	5	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	225	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	155
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	445	225	220
Squamish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	5	0	5	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	135	125
Siouan languages	90	30	55	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	45	15	30	1,215	570	635
Stoney	45	15	30	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Tlingit	0	5	0	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	5	5	5	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	880	435	445
Nisga'a	5	0	5	400	200	200
Tsimshian	0	0	0	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	805	370	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	10	10	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	294,170	142,815	151,350	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	30,850	16,095	14,760	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	130	70	60	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	75	40	30	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	7,900	3,965	3,935	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	245	140	105	805	455	350
Oromo	1,125	580	540	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	6,510	3,235	3,275	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	365	195	170
Semitic languages	22,755	12,015	10,740	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	2,495	1,210	1,290	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	17,155	9,165	7,990	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	40	35	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40	20	15	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	170	90	85	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	395	215	180	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	25	10	10	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	2,320	1,220	1,100	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	35	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,460	4,365	5,095	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	750	355	395	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	8,705	4,010	4,695	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	39,730	17,365	22,365	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	100	50	55	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	1,835	775	1,060	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	50	25	20	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	505	225	280	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	1,745	745	1,000	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	10	0	5	1,430	665	760
Malay	485	215	270	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	315	150	165	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	110	45	65	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	34,220	14,970	19,255	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	70	35	35	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	275	125	150	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	985	515	470	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	55	25	30	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	595	330	265	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	340	155	180	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	6,550	3,410	3,140	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	200	100	100	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	3,335	1,720	1,620	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	2,075	1,095	975	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	915	485	430	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	139,345	69,005	70,340	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	760	410	345	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	165	80	85	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	31,195	14,505	16,695	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	285	125	160	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	130	60	70	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	155	65	90	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	30,915	14,380	16,535	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	35	15	15	810	385	430
Bosnian	695	350	345	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	450	230	215	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	1,890	990	905	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	770	380	390	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	175	90	85	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	8,495	3,965	4,530	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	5,255	2,440	2,810	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	1,735	875	860	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	340	170	170	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	505	245	255	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	250	115	135	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	10,235	4,460	5,775	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	100	60	40	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	45	25	20	1,090	540	550
Welsh	25	10	10	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	530	295	235
Germanic languages	15,495	7,255	8,240	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	440	235	210	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	555	265	290	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	3,010	1,450	1,560	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	65	40	25	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	10,890	5,030	5,865	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	30	15	20	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	170	70	95	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	215	95	115	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	55	20	30	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	55	30	25	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	525	280	240
Greek	1,000	540	460	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	61,955	31,800	30,155	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	55,480	28,405	27,070	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	2,300	1,210	1,085	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	5,650	2,930	2,720	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	8,190	4,115	4,075	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	20	10	5	565	300	265
Konkani	150	80	70	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	525	270	255	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	1,950	1,020	930	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	70	35	35	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	26,615	13,660	12,955	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	920	425	490	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,235	635	590	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	7,860	4,015	3,850	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	6,205	3,250	2,955	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	745	410	330	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	635	330	300	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	4,825	2,505	2,320	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	280	145	130	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	28,665	14,350	14,315	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	25	15	15	865	440	425
Italian	4,595	2,260	2,335	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	4,210	2,045	2,165	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	2,415	1,205	1,210	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	17,410	8,830	8,585	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	720	380	340
Japanese	995	325	670	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	60	35	25	1,715	910	805
Georgian	60	35	25	1,715	910	805
Korean	6,095	2,900	3,195	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	80	35	45	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	75	35	45	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	7,080	3,580	3,500	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	855	445	410	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	20	10	5	1,535	815	720
Edo	135	65	65	1,670	770	900
Ewe	120	70	45	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	135	70	60	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	65	35	30	920	445	470
Ganda	200	100	100	1,295	625	665
Igbo	305	165	145	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	155	80	80	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	390	190	195	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	605	300	305	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	520	255	270	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	1,220	590	625	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	135	85	45	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	675	380	300	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,555	735	820	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	740	375	360	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	335	175	165	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	410	210	200	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	315	160	155	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	150	70	85	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	160	90	75	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,070	22,265	24,810	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	46,385	21,900	24,490	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	22,360	10,460	11,900	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	610	285	320	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	19,570	9,305	10,265	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	70	30	40	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,230	560	665	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	230	120	120	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,290	1,130	1,160	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	690	365	320	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	135	70	60	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	430	230	195	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	20	15	10	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	95	50	55	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	945	365	580	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	370	185	190	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	560	180	385	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	80	35	55
Turkic languages	2,015	1,125	890	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	115	70	45	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	1,690	935	755	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	55	35	20	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	110	60	45	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	1,615	765	850	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	35	15	20	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	185	75	110	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	1,390	675	715	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	220	125	90	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	31,455	15,340	16,120	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	3,140	1,545	1,600	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	26,595	12,940	13,655	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	1,135	565	575	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	580	295	285	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	982,250	490,335	491,925	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	814,680	408,025	406,655	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	805,715	403,460	402,255	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	8,965	4,570	4,395	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	167,575	82,305	85,265	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	420	190	230	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	350	165	190	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	10	5	5	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	330	150	175	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	15	10	5	110	55	60
Plains Cree	50	25	30	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	330	140	190
Woods Cree	20	5	15	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	250	120	135	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	0	0	5	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	0	0	0	370	170	200
Ojibway	10	5	5	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	50	30	20
Carrier	0	0	5	245	115	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	255	125	130
Dene	10	5	10	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	0	0	0	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	5	0	5	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	0	0	0	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	285	135	155
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	0	5	0	85	40	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Siouan languages	30	10	15	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	10	5	5	255	140	120
Stoney	15	5	5	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	315	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	45	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	167,155	82,115	85,040	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	20,215	10,255	9,960	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	95	45	50	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	50	25	25	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	5,845	2,930	2,920	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	210	120	90	620	330	285
Oromo	885	450	435	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	4,740	2,350	2,385	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	185	85	95
Semitic languages	14,250	7,265	6,985	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	1,695	805	890	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	10,485	5,390	5,090	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	20	25	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	5	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	110	55	60	735	335	400
Hebrew	190	100	90	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	10	5	5	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	1,655	855	795	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	20	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,175	2,850	3,325	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	385	185	205	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	5,785	2,670	3,115	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	21,440	10,075	11,370	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	15	5	5	290	140	155
Cebuano	785	380	405	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	25	15	15	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	185	85	105	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	580	275	305	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	5	5	5	435	220	210
Malay	130	60	65	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	125	60	65	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	25	10	15	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	19,470	9,135	10,335	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	40	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	560	285	280	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	370	195	175	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	145	70	80	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	4,285	2,210	2,075	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	75	35	40	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	2,265	1,165	1,105	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	1,385	730	650	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	555	280	280	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	71,665	35,925	35,745	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	365	195	170	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	75	40	35	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	12,045	5,850	6,195	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	115	50	60	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	45	20	25	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	65	35	35	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	11,940	5,795	6,140	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	10	5	5	230	105	120
Bosnian	300	150	145	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	280	140	140	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	880	450	430	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	240	125	115	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	85	45	40	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	3,535	1,655	1,875	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	3,045	1,500	1,545	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	965	485	485	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	110	50	55	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	130	60	65	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	30	25	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	2,275	1,085	1,195	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	670	310	360
Celtic languages	10	5	5	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	185	105	80
Welsh	0	0	0	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	80	50	30
Germanic languages	2,010	960	1,045	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	210	110	105	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	35	15	20	855	410	445
Dutch	170	85	90	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	5	0	5	185	95	90
German	1,495	705	790	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	15	10	5	270	120	150
Norwegian	10	5	5	345	145	200
Swedish	55	25	30	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	355	170	185
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,625	820	810
Greek	340	175	170	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	41,860	21,245	20,615	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	37,795	19,195	18,605	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	1,435	740	695	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	3,605	1,830	1,775	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	4,955	2,520	2,435	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	5	5	0	135	70	70
Konkani	40	20	15	720	355	370
Marathi	325	165	155	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	1,365	715	650	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	35	15	15	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	19,905	10,125	9,775	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	450	225	230	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	745	390	360	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	4,930	2,445	2,490	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	3,950	2,000	1,945	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	370	195	175	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	410	220	195	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	3,160	1,585	1,580	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	115	55	65	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	14,960	7,460	7,500	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	10	5	10	355	165	190
Italian	1,370	620	745	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	1,820	865	955	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	1,310	650	655	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	10,445	5,315	5,130	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	180	85	95
Japanese	450	180	270	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	50	25	25	1,040	565	475
Georgian	50	30	25	1,035	565	475
Korean	4,435	2,180	2,260	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	45	20	25	910	440	470
Mongolian	50	25	30	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	2,875	1,385	1,490	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	425	205	225	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	0	0	0	340	180	160
Edo	35	20	15	415	175	240
Ewe	40	25	20	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	30	25	825	400	425
Ga	15	10	5	250	105	140
Ganda	75	35	45	345	160	185
Igbo	85	35	45	1,000	485	510
Lingala	35	20	20	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	190	90	100	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	285	145	140	1,530	670	865
Shona	200	90	110	1,035	475	560
Swahili	585	275	310	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	90	45	40	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	270	140	130	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	485	220	265	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	370	190	180	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	205	110	90	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	405	235	170	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	170	85	80	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	235	145	90	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	31,925	15,150	16,780	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	31,395	14,875	16,525	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	14,585	6,745	7,835	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	210	90	120	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	14,495	7,035	7,460	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	15	5	10	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	545	235	310	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	120	65	60	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,415	695	720	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	530	275	250	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	90	50	40	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	355	190	165	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	20	15	10	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	440	210	230	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	185	90	95	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	255	120	140	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	30	15	15
Turkic languages	1,275	685	590	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	55	30	20	1,245	640	610
Turkish	1,105	590	520	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	30	20	15	610	315	290
Uzbek	70	35	35	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	455	230	225
Uralic languages	460	220	245	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	0	5	5	975	365	610
Finnish	25	10	15	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	430	210	225	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	67,775	33,120	34,660	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	2,300	1,155	1,145	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	63,660	31,070	32,580	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	560	270	290	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	1,265	625	640	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	870,080	435,560	434,525	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	75,345	37,690	37,655	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	11,470	5,390	6,075	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	89,650	43,040	46,615	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	1,840	720	1,120	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	87,815	42,320	45,500	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	670	345	325	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	1,815	940	875	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	955	465	485	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	40	25	15	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	852,860	423,585	429,270	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	811,615	403,260	408,355	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,024	53,561	34,452	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	811,770	403,290	408,480	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,254	46,086	31,480	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	752,745	383,200	369,545	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,683	53,222	33,438	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	487,620	198,705	288,915	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,730	2,932	4,028	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	657,605	343,235	314,370	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,881	53,827	35,291	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	852,995	423,740	429,250	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	811,950	403,325	408,625	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,230	73,693	44,955	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	812,130	403,360	408,770	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,426	58,795	38,195	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	752,945	383,070	369,870	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,300	74,007	44,069	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	486,940	198,235	288,705	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,069	6,925	7,168	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	657,655	342,600	315,055	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,430	68,547	43,255	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	852,990	423,745	429,250	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	306,500	173,705	132,800	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	63,938	72,450	55,329	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	76,896	87,968	62,413	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.8	95.4	88.8	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.2	79.3	73.7	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.2	4.6	11.2	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	852,855	423,590	429,270	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	41,245	20,325	20,920	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	811,615	403,265	408,355	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.2	95.1	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	100,185	39,225	60,965	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	103,365	40,100	63,270	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	96,250	37,655	58,600	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	81,605	35,220	46,385	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	78,880	36,550	42,335	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	34,955	35,440	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	58,550	32,055	26,485	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	46,640	27,735	18,905	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	36,700	22,520	14,180	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	31,325	19,160	12,160	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	107,710	78,085	29,630	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	71,420	49,705	21,710	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	36,295	28,380	7,915	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	852,855	423,590	429,270	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	41,090	20,300	20,790	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	811,770	403,290	408,480	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.2	95.2	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	102,355	39,795	62,560	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	108,050	42,050	65,995	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	111,125	44,180	66,945	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	102,575	46,140	56,435	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	98,135	48,065	50,070	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	78,785	43,280	35,515	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	57,785	34,785	23,005	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	43,805	27,025	16,780	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	109,145	77,970	31,180	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	32,800	21,185	11,615	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	21,290	14,790	6,500	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	55,055	41,990	13,060	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	852,855	423,585	429,270	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	195,250	80,355	114,895	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	657,605	343,235	314,375	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	77.1	81.0	73.2	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	64,985	28,815	36,165	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	43,115	17,945	25,165	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	73,260	30,900	42,360	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	61,955	26,065	35,890	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	61,195	27,585	33,610	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	61,490	29,050	32,440	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	57,085	28,580	28,510	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	47,390	26,480	20,910	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	39,015	23,790	15,225	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	148,120	104,030	44,095	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	31,320	19,765	11,555	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	28,030	17,295	10,735	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	88,770	66,970	21,800	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	408,475	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,874	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,855	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	106,810	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,672	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,081	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	301,665	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,071	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,804	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	408,555	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	117,711	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	96,262	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	106,875	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	60,823	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	49,778	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	301,680	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	137,865	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	112,729	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	408,470	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	6,240	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,875	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,395	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,355	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,480	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,875	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,430	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,585	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,640	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,960	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	26,545	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	26,825	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25,770	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,265	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,225	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	183,010	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	49,970	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,495	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	48,450	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	46,100	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	408,475	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	6,555	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,930	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,525	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,765	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,445	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,420	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,795	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,300	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,040	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,570	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,560	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	32,260	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30,600	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,800	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,525	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	143,405	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	51,275	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	34,990	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	57,140	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	282,440	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	109,047	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,897	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	97,695	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	102,965	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,275	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	130,990	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,410	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,892	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	42,780	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,843	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,514	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	282,220	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	138,209	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	112,697	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	97,700	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	135,498	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,227	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	131,105	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	161,470	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,176	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	42,490	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	78,488	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,522	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	170,210	90,315	79,890	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,481	46,599	38,381	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,563	40,384	34,607	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	170,225	90,355	79,875	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	53,381	57,946	48,217	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,196	47,142	40,863	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,041,915	520,080	521,830	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	403,965	194,720	209,245	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	80,300	39,225	41,075	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	73,410	33,680	39,730	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	77,050	36,645	40,410	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	82,595	40,425	42,170	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	90,610	44,750	45,860	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	637,950	325,360	312,590	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	98,120	48,665	49,450	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	106,520	53,600	52,920	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	120,710	61,490	59,220	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	141,440	72,395	69,050	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	171,160	89,210	81,950	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,041,915	520,085	521,835	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	223,455	114,220	109,230	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	80,150	40,800	39,350	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	699,620	351,345	348,275	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	118,845	54,510	64,335	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	104,820	49,430	55,385	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	32,950	16,885	16,065	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	12,755	6,540	6,215	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	62,610	29,240	33,370	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	9,260	3,310	5,950	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.5	10.6	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	14.7	14.8	14.7	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	15.9	16.0	15.8	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.3	9.6	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	7.8	6.1	9.2	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	95,835	46,655	49,180	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	26,675	13,630	13,050	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	10,340	5,290	5,050	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	64,000	31,085	32,915	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	5,160	1,945	3,210	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.0	9.4	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9	11.9	11.9	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	13.0	12.8	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.8	9.5	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	4.3	3.6	5.0	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,042,145	520,150	522,000	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	1,022,335	512,215	510,120	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	1,020,840	511,585	509,250	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	79,270	37,370	41,900	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	372,490	181,415	191,075	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	3,730	1,500	2,230	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	3,165	1,220	1,945	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	35	10	30	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	3,015	1,165	1,850	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	20	10	15	195	80	115
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	545	225	320
Plains Cree	890	335	555	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	25	10	15	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	230	100	130	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	1,845	710	1,135	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	0	0	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	130	45	90	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	125	40	85	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	280	115	165	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	280	115	165	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	210	105	100
Beaver	10	0	0	340	180	165
Carrier	25	0	15	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	10	10	0	1,150	535	610
Dene	180	70	115	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	40	20	20	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	0	0	0	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	30	20	10	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	15	10	0	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	10	10	0	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10	0	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	365	205	170
Tahltan	10	0	0	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50
Haida	10	10	0	465	205	260
Inuit languages	60	25	30	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	30	10	20	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	20	0	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	0	0	0	125	40	85
Mohawk	10	10	0	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	0	0	0	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	45	75
Kutenai	0	0	0	175	95	80
Michif	50	25	20	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	25	10	10	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	110
Halkomelem	10	0	10	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	10	10	0	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,305	640	665
Squamish	0	0	0	285	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	295	270
Siouan languages	155	85	70	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	75	45	30	1,760	870	890
Stoney	85	45	40	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70
Tlingit	0	10	0	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	20	10	10	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	0	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	15	10	10	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	1,490	680	805
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	368,890	179,980	188,910	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	44,015	22,805	21,205	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	205	105	95	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	85	45	40	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	9,780	4,980	4,800	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	240	140	100	1,085	625	470
Oromo	1,205	645	555	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	8,385	4,215	4,165	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	480	220	265
Semitic languages	35,215	18,350	16,860	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	4,080	2,070	2,005	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	27,545	14,495	13,055	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	65	40	30	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	20	10	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	240	100	140	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	1,425	750	680	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	60	30	30	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	3,130	1,585	1,540	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	160	85	75	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	150	85	60	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	12,605	5,885	6,725	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,080	510	565	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	11,580	5,400	6,180	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	49,920	21,975	27,945	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	60	30	30	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	2,385	1,070	1,315	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	135	90	50	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	510	210	300	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	2,325	970	1,350	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	15	10	10	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	1,125	515	610	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	480	215	270	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	165	70	95	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	47,350	20,780	26,575	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	105	30	70	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	405	165	240	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	2,050	1,100	950	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	115	65	50	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	1,210	670	540	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	730	370	365	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	8,655	4,555	4,100	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	370	175	195	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	4,395	2,255	2,140	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	3,045	1,655	1,385	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	1,345	720	630	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	30	15	10	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	178,535	88,710	89,825	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	880	485	390	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	190	75	115	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	36,175	17,025	19,155	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	510	240	270	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	230	110	125	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	280	135	150	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	35,885	16,885	19,000	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	95	50	45	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	1,105	540	570	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	525	260	260	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	2,655	1,455	1,195	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	880	395	490	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	225	100	125	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	10,220	4,980	5,235	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	8,580	4,055	4,525	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	2,370	1,145	1,230	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	420	200	220	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	620	345	275	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	265	135	130	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	12,650	5,395	7,250	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	100	45	50	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	380	220	160	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	140	65	70	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	80	50	35	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	160	100	65	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	22,075	10,825	11,245	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	975	495	475	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	595	270	330	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	3,535	1,715	1,820	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	65	45	20	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	16,365	8,120	8,240	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	45	20	30	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	390	155	235	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	480	250	230	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	10	35	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	65	35	30	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	1,415	685	725	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	76,510	39,445	37,065	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	69,940	35,975	33,965	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	2,790	1,475	1,315	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	7,415	3,690	3,725	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	26,705	13,935	12,775	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	45	30	20	905	490	420
Konkani	160	70	95	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	825	455	365	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	1,935	1,045	885	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	100	55	45	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	34,665	17,875	16,790	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	1,720	795	930	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,740	885	845	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	11,960	6,215	5,745	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	7,070	3,715	3,355	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	830	510	325	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	810	440	370	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	5,650	2,915	2,740	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	450	245	205	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	45,070	22,115	22,955	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	75	45	35	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	7,785	3,865	3,920	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	5,570	2,745	2,830	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	2,920	1,495	1,420	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	30,305	14,750	15,555	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	90	40	45	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	2,330	1,015	1,320	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	65	25	35	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	60	25	40	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	6,785	3,205	3,575	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	145	65	85	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	145	65	85	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	12,765	6,480	6,280	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	1,390	690	700	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	25	15	15	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	240	110	130	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	150	85	70	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	155	80	80	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	185	100	90	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	425	210	220	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	600	330	270	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	710	350	365	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	585	275	305	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	905	480	430	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	895	440	450	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	3,405	1,810	1,595	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	225	130	90	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	1,580	825	755	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,195	1,575	1,630	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	920	450	470	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	565	260	305	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	355	190	165	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	2,265	900	1,370	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	1,350	480	870	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	930	415	510	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	54,115	26,130	27,985	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	53,310	25,710	27,600	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	28,305	13,535	14,775	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	685	300	385	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	27,655	13,200	14,455	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	20	10	15	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,565	705	860	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	260	120	140	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,330	1,175	1,160	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	825	430	395	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	235	120	115	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	455	230	220	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	45	25	20	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	1,200	485	715	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	535	250	290	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	760	255	505	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	115	50	65
Turkic languages	2,835	1,555	1,280	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	240	130	115	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	2,315	1,290	1,030	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	145	65	75	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	150	80	70	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	2,035	965	1,065	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	30	20	15	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	355	135	210	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	1,655	810	840	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	675	395	285	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	916,660	457,820	458,840	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	202,750	103,600	99,150	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	713,910	354,220	359,690	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	125,485	62,335	63,155	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	727,520	365,455	362,070	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	288,100	140,870	147,235	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	53,865	26,830	27,035	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	31,835	15,605	16,225	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	44,470	20,895	23,575	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	83,430	41,000	42,420	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	34,750	16,925	17,825	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	48,675	24,080	24,595	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	74,510	36,535	37,980	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	26,525	13,830	12,695	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	288,105	140,870	147,235	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	26,685	13,855	12,835	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	48,915	25,285	23,625	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	59,330	27,165	32,165	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	129,000	63,305	65,690	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	24,175	11,265	12,915	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	288,105	140,870	147,235	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	28,480	13,780	14,700	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	735	305	435	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	2,515	1,280	1,235	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	2,985	1,530	1,460	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	1,330	605	730	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	510	280	230	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	2,615	1,185	1,430	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	2,195	1,105	1,095	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	500	195	305	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	1,495	740	755	65,040	29,325	35,710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,015	3,330	3,685	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	6,575	3,235	3,345	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	55,875	27,655	28,225	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,835	935	905	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	1,350	720	630	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	640	280	360	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	5,555	2,745	2,815	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	590	335	255	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	860	435	425	36,820	17,945	18,875
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,330	700	635	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	3,265	1,715	1,545	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	2,740	1,490	1,255	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	7,225	3,475	3,750	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	2,355	1,165	1,190	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	2,245	1,140	1,105	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	2,075	895	1,180	78,685	34,265	44,420
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	835	370	460	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	3,595	1,560	2,030	73,030	33,360	39,665
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	13,230	6,740	6,490	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	6,155	2,950	3,205	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	36,040	18,620	17,420	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	360	190	175	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	1,995	1,125	870	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	4,000	2,040	1,955	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	1,890	960	925	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	790	485	300	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	3,135	1,670	1,460	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	4,580	2,250	2,330	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	1,975	935	1,040	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	17,325	8,960	8,365	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	163,770	78,875	84,900	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	1,470	760	710	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	1,590	805	790	58,735	29,875	28,865
China^{Census data footnote 59}	19,320	8,875	10,450	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	7,255	3,530	3,730	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	37,570	19,190	18,380	668,565	334,030	334,540
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	2,620	1,380	1,235	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	2,060	1,115	945	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	625	170	455	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,695	2,205	2,490	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	4,850	2,620	2,225	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	8,040	4,115	3,925	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	42,790	18,875	23,915	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	2,040	1,010	1,030	131,995	64,825	67,170
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,015	1,090	920	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	980	430	550	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	10,250	4,790	5,455	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	15,615	7,910	7,700	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	3,930	1,940	1,990	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	74,510	36,530	37,980	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	5,380	2,550	2,825	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	260	110	150	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	530	225	305	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	200	90	115	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	175	95	75	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	630	275	355	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	885	470	415	18,660	9,090	9,575
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,310	605	705	33,060	16,480	16,580
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	220	85	135	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	1,170	605	560	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	6,520	3,335	3,180	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	95	50	45	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	415	240	175	6,300	3,255	3,045
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	490	305	185	5,660	3,540	2,120
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	200	90	110	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	375	175	200	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	410	155	260	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	865	400	465	13,425	6,015	7,410
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,450	815	630	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	2,215	1,110	1,110	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	11,620	5,885	5,730	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	40	15	30	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	365	175	195	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	515	240	280	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	285	125	155	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	730	395	330	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	990	520	470	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	1,215	630	585	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	245	145	100	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	1,525	810	715	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	1,390	685	705	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	475	230	245	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	150	80	70	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	3,685	1,835	1,845	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	50,335	24,415	25,925	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	225	115	105	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	555	270	285	12,900	6,445	6,460
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,615	1,635	1,980	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	310	110	195	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	13,270	6,925	6,345	147,190	75,145	72,045
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	860	465	400	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	700	360	345	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	250	135	115	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	190	60	130	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,455	735	720	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	755	385	370	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	1,085	565	515	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	1,960	980	985	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	19,715	9,050	10,665	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	365	205	160	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	750	350	395	11,495	5,190	6,305
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,390	740	645	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	125	40	85	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	200	125	80	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	305	165	140	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	745	295	455	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	1,520	705	820	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	660	345	315	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	230	115	110	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	435	225	210	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	320,430	157,615	162,810	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	218,315	109,860	108,450	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	503,405	252,675	250,730	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	238,680	116,320	122,360	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	127,700	64,680	63,020	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	51,935	32,160	19,775	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	75,765	32,520	43,245	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	68,265	28,350	39,915	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	41,115	22,455	18,665	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	1,595	835	760	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	55,365	25,815	29,550	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	53,950	25,175	28,780	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	24,270	11,000	13,265	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	28,870	13,750	15,120	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	810	420	390	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	855	395	460	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	560	245	315	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	986,780	494,335	492,440	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	21,095	9,350	11,745	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,021,050	510,795	510,250	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,042,150	520,150	521,995	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	16,530	7,485	9,045	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	15,695	7,110	8,585	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,830	4,845	5,985	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	4,695	2,190	2,505	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	175	75	95	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	835	375	460	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	780	345	435	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	15	10	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	0	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	48,640	23,220	25,420	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	45,990	22,095	23,895	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,365	12,180	13,185	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,930	9,560	10,375	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	690	355	335	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	2,655	1,130	1,525	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,510	1,080	1,430	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	25	50	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	15	40	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	976,975	489,440	487,530	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	348,895	173,370	175,530	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	88,255	45,580	42,680	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	58,805	28,620	30,190	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	55,435	28,415	27,020	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	56,970	25,840	31,125	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	17,645	8,995	8,650	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	24,845	13,235	11,610	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	16,625	7,985	8,635	313,260	148,880	164,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	6,515	3,360	3,155	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	7,140	3,425	3,715	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	2,190	830	1,355	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	3,740	1,760	1,985	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10,720	5,325	5,395	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	693,250	346,780	346,465	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	65,175	30,710	34,465	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	39,605	18,495	21,105	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	1,065	515	550	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	28,010	13,205	14,805	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	203,890	103,560	100,330	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	1,335	750	585	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	15,285	7,365	7,920	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	192,150	97,620	94,530	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	460	280	185	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	60	50	15	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	10	10	0	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	380	225	160	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	65	25	35	1,895	950	945
European origins	616,035	305,910	310,125	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	349,985	174,625	175,360	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	60	10	50	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	70	40	30	1,975	995	975
English	191,065	94,370	96,700	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	139,380	67,705	71,670	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	220	105	115	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	155,605	76,840	78,760	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	18,830	9,160	9,675	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	21,745	10,515	11,235	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	106,105	51,355	54,750	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	85	50	40	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	35	20	15	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	85	50	35	1,750	950	805
French	105,970	51,275	54,695	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	196,730	96,695	100,035	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	10,595	5,055	5,535	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	35	15	25	940	485	455
Belgian	4,615	2,185	2,425	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	40,850	20,120	20,735	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	435	205	220	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	95	75	20	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	152,870	74,915	77,960	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	160	85	80	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	4,485	2,300	2,190	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	40	100	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	68,545	32,645	35,895	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	11,595	5,560	6,040	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	3,965	1,880	2,090	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	4,040	2,085	1,960	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	31,745	15,110	16,635	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	21,350	9,630	11,720	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,265	1,580	1,685	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	195,045	93,870	101,170	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	775	405	375	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	970	530	440	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	4,615	2,265	2,350	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,135	1,050	1,080	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	535	240	290	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	11,495	5,540	5,950	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	980	440	540	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	1,600	770	825	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	360	155	205	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	55,885	26,815	29,070	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	9,585	4,655	4,930	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	21,725	10,340	11,390	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	2,530	1,225	1,305	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	121,485	58,220	63,265	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	535	270	265	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	66,390	33,210	33,175	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	810	445	360	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	1,440	730	710	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	35	30	0	1,280	740	535
Croatian	4,630	2,575	2,055	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	60	40	20	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	4,215	2,175	2,040	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	28,070	14,175	13,900	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	175	90	90	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	380	195	185	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	400	220	180	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	105	70	40	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	9,515	4,885	4,630	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	3,110	1,510	1,595	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	85	45	40	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	1,105	560	550	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	14,945	6,880	8,065	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,355	655	690	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	60	35	30	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	6,140	3,275	2,865	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	95	35	60	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	3,245	1,765	1,485	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	100	50	45	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	210	100	105	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,530	1,345	1,185	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	13,920	6,920	7,000	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	130	65	60	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	100	70	35	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	780	375	410	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	30	20	15	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	30	20	15	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	790	420	370	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	320	170	150	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	335	180	160	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,125	515	605
Haitian	820	465	360	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	6,855	3,365	3,485	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	25	0	20	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	10	0	0	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	15	0	20	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	85	40	50	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	215	110	105	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,290	1,190	1,095	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	130	45	80	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,020	480	540	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	845	410	435	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	22,550	11,275	11,280	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	725	310	410	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	15	15	0	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	305	180	125	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	45	30	20	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	50	25	30	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	855	415	440	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	3,640	1,815	1,820	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	3,455	1,715	1,735	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	135	65	65	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	245	120	130	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	665	355	310	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	1,465	710	760	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	680	365	315	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	155	90	60	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	220	110	115	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	4,520	2,305	2,215	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	495	260	235	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	100	50	50	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	25	15	10	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	810	390	420	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	3,820	1,935	1,885	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	125	75	45	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	665	320	345	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	950	490	460	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	56,970	29,310	27,655	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	12,450	6,530	5,915	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	20	15	10	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	120	70	50	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	30	20	15	1,585	855	735
Beninese	40	25	15	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	55	30	25	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	725	345	375	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	10	10	0	1,845	955	885
Congolese	2,200	1,150	1,050	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	130	80	50	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	55	30	25	845	470	375
Gabonese	0	0	0	1,405	660	750
Gambian	35	25	10	975	495	475
Ghanaian	2,010	1,050	960	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	275	140	135	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	385	220	165	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	395	210	185	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	635	300	335	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	35	15	20	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	70	40	30	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	3,495	1,810	1,685	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	60	40	20	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	250	160	90	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	465	245	220	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	45	15	25	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	25	10	10	840	495	345
Yoruba	800	410	395	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	855	480	370	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	8,985	4,705	4,280	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	465	210	260	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	240	155	85	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	75	35	40	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	205	105	100	900	500	400
Egyptian	3,265	1,710	1,555	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	590	300	295	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	30	20	10	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	1,105	610	495	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	2,725	1,440	1,285	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	345	160	180	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	230	115	120	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	26,735	13,805	12,930	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	65	40	25	1,870	955	915
Amhara	185	100	90	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	410	230	180	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	665	365	305	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	155	85	70	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	3,470	1,785	1,680	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	5,290	2,650	2,640	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	120	60	60	665	355	305
Kenyan	910	495	420	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	50	35	20	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	195	105	85	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	550	350	205	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	1,120	590	530	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	10	10	0	1,285	575	710
Somali	9,785	4,990	4,795	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	1,525	750	770	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	465	290	175	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	255	130	125	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	625	345	280	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	90	50	40	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	1,240	630	605	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	175	80	95	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,420	725	695	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	9,985	4,935	5,055	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,100	550	545	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	9,065	4,470	4,600	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	276,105	136,010	140,090	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	38,435	20,155	18,280	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	2,455	1,300	1,160	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,345	2,370	1,975	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	540	275	260	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	150	65	85	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	295	145	145	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	90	45	45	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	100	55	50	1,515	810	705
Iranian	4,340	2,235	2,100	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	2,000	1,030	970	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	680	350	330	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	635	315	320	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	110	50	55	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	1,040	590	450	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	110	50	60	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	30	15	10	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	14,295	7,390	6,910	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	2,865	1,580	1,285	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	235	105	130	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	190	95	90	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	2,915	1,500	1,415	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	65	45	20	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	135	55	75	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	2,580	1,410	1,175	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	50	15	30	1,040	540	500
Uighur	95	50	50	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	165	85	85	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	250	130	125	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	865	485	385	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	88,200	45,435	42,755	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	1,445	715	725	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	580	335	245	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	75	45	35	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	69,460	35,650	33,810	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	80	45	40	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	485	250	230	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	100	55	40	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	1,805	970	835	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	8,060	4,175	3,885	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	5,910	3,130	2,775	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	230	135	100	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	2,235	1,125	1,110	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	465	240	225	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,910	995	920	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	150,865	71,100	79,765	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	415	210	205	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,490	770	720	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	69,800	33,660	36,140	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	60,175	27,410	32,765	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	0	0	0	805	420	390
Indonesian	825	385	435	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	3,310	1,390	1,920	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	395	220	170	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	7,515	3,600	3,915	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	695	360	335	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	1,340	635	710	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	330	145	185	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	120	55	75	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	625	275	345	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	915	335	580	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	45	25	20	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	13,850	6,660	7,185	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	370	190	175	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	910	490	425	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	915	490	425	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	4,230	2,190	2,045	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	1,515	820	700	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	610	335	275	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	2,190	1,085	1,110	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	1,785	875	910	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	130	60	70	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	145	70	75	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	50	25	25	1,530	725	805
Samoan	60	35	20	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	25	0	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	408,555	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	272,825	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	135,730	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	408,555	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	92,005	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	316,555	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	408,555	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	2,515	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	52,320	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	93,480	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	139,715	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	120,525	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	408,560	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	123,635	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	63,585	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	56,490	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	49,415	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	115,440	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	408,560	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	397,520	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	11,035	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	408,555	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	384,225	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	24,335	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	408,560	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	55,720	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	128,050	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	50,615	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	47,365	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	38,770	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	41,365	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	46,665	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	408,560	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	386,380	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,175	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	408,560	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	232,135	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	160,225	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	16,195	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	408,555	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	17,000	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	81,690	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	81,330	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	79,740	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	74,105	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	43,005	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	23,320	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	8,365	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	406,690	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	312,960	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	93,730	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	81,625	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	272,815	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.4	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.6	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,520	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,544	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	399,709	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	428,462	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	135,730	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.5	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.1	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,248	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,280	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	852,990	423,740	429,250	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	127,840	64,145	63,695	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	234,735	116,100	118,635	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	490,415	243,500	246,915	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	74,335	58,800	15,535	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	22,405	13,605	8,800	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,930	45,190	6,740	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	158,800	67,260	91,540	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,610	11,520	17,090	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	228,675	105,920	122,755	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	156,370	68,875	87,495	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,450	5,695	6,755	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,410	3,975	3,440	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	42,500	21,050	21,450	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	9,950	6,330	3,615	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	598,750	299,640	299,115	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	57,070	30,380	26,695	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	142,735	72,185	70,545	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	398,945	197,075	201,870	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	57,140	45,900	11,235	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	16,330	10,270	6,065	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	40,805	35,630	5,170	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	128,265	54,935	73,330	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,215	9,060	13,150	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	191,330	87,180	104,150	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	130,180	56,925	73,260	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,760	4,385	5,375	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,360	3,210	3,150	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	37,140	17,860	19,270	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	7,890	4,800	3,095	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	852,990	423,740	429,250	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	362,575	180,245	182,330	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	34,730	8,915	25,810	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	34,725	8,920	25,810	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	14,915	6,590	8,325	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,730	1,915	810	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	12,185	4,675	7,510	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	21,475	8,960	12,515	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,515	745	1,770	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	4,745	1,530	3,215	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,690	2,480	4,210	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	40	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,500	920	580	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,740	1,610	1,130	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	2,725	1,535	1,190	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	500	120	380	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	47,185	16,390	30,790	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	790	185	605	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,690	2,025	2,665	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,700	700	7,000	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	8,600	3,140	5,455	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	655	215	445	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	9,210	2,635	6,575	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	15,530	7,490	8,045	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	99,755	39,460	60,295	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	155	45	110	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,275	4,555	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	93,770	38,145	55,630	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	23,250	11,785	11,460	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,170	4,020	5,155	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,500	2,455	3,050	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	125	25	100	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	6,835	4,550	2,285	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,615	740	870	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	19,315	11,950	7,365	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,215	10,220	4,990	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	1,585	220	1,365	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,380	1,410	970	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	130	90	40	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	120,065	107,755	12,310	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	3,650	2,385	1,265	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	31,285	25,565	5,720	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	22,935	20,045	2,890	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	26,825	25,740	1,085	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,515	19,820	695	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	14,845	14,185	660	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,950	4,565	3,385	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,850	2,650	2,200	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,095	1,910	1,185	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	78,780	16,085	62,700	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,925	2,325	2,600	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	71,405	12,385	59,020	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,455	1,375	1,080	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	22,960	11,015	11,940	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	14,155	4,235	9,920	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	40	0	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	260	240	25	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	4,630	2,955	1,680	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,860	3,545	315	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	45	30	20	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	30	20	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	598,755	299,640	299,110	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	199,805	102,565	97,240	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	25,750	6,240	19,505	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	25,750	6,240	19,505	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	12,090	5,350	6,745	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,110	1,475	635	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	9,980	3,870	6,105	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	17,435	7,130	10,310	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,095	600	1,495	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	3,850	1,225	2,625	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,615	2,060	3,560	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	25	25	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,245	770	470	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,075	1,215	860	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	2,135	1,160	975	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	365	70	295	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	39,690	13,435	26,255	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,085	1,705	2,380	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,320	575	5,750	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	7,440	2,460	4,985	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	545	180	365	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	7,440	2,060	5,385	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	13,180	6,300	6,880	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	82,955	32,685	50,270	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	125	35	90	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,915	1,010	3,905	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,910	31,640	46,275	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	18,145	8,910	9,235	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	7,250	3,105	4,145	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,140	1,835	2,305	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	120	25	95	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	5,395	3,430	1,970	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,240	525	720	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	16,985	10,575	6,410	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,785	9,260	4,525	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	1,250	190	1,055	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,855	1,060	795	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	100	65	35	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	97,730	87,050	10,675	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	2,940	1,850	1,095	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	26,730	21,665	5,065	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	18,785	16,355	2,425	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	21,445	20,485	955	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	16,010	15,440	570	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	11,810	11,245	565	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,335	3,480	2,860	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,740	1,890	1,850	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,600	1,590	1,005	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	63,455	13,210	50,250	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,965	1,910	2,060	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	57,375	10,180	47,190	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,115	1,115	1,000	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,335	8,990	9,350	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	11,060	3,405	7,655	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	10	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	145	20	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	3,865	2,430	1,440	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,195	2,970	225	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	40	25	10	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	25	10	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	852,990	423,745	429,250	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	362,575	180,245	182,335	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	490,420	243,495	246,920	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	380,765	189,910	190,855	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	303,460	150,540	152,920	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	77,305	39,370	37,935	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	109,655	53,590	56,065	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10,370	5,935	4,435	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	23,635	9,205	14,435	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	17,830	9,080	8,750	281,415	142,410	138,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	6,770	3,895	2,870	232,035	131,050	100,980
China^{Census data footnote 162}	6,045	2,805	3,240	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	580	355	225	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	44,425	22,315	22,110	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	598,750	299,640	299,110	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	199,805	102,565	97,240	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	398,945	197,075	201,870	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	305,450	152,315	153,140	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	242,965	120,600	122,370	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	62,485	31,715	30,770	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	93,495	44,765	48,730	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,840	4,305	3,540	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	21,745	8,390	13,360	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	15,820	7,900	7,915	239,535	117,445	122,090
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,555	2,650	1,910	133,655	73,575	60,085
China^{Census data footnote 162}	5,275	2,425	2,855	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	500	310	195	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	37,755	18,790	18,970	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	852,995	423,740	429,250	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	612,465	325,205	287,255	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	560,535	294,450	266,090	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	51,925	30,755	21,170	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	240,530	98,535	141,995	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	71.8	76.7	66.9	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	65.7	69.5	62.0	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	8.5	9.5	7.4	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	852,990	423,745	429,250	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	219,690	88,800	130,885	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	633,305	334,940	298,360	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	314,975	179,710	135,270	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	318,325	155,235	163,090	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.2	42.0	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	612,460	325,205	287,255	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	11,185	5,210	5,980	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	601,275	319,995	281,275	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	545,570	284,175	261,395	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	55,700	35,820	19,880	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	612,460	325,205	287,255	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	11,190	5,210	5,980	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	601,275	319,995	281,275	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	60,760	37,515	23,245	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	96,625	28,310	68,315	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	46,750	36,555	10,195	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	46,665	9,655	37,005	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	67,275	23,810	43,465	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	14,860	6,320	8,545	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	137,405	59,710	77,695	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	105,125	97,590	7,535	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	8,660	7,295	1,370	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,145	13,240	3,905	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	612,460	325,205	287,260	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	11,190	5,205	5,980	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	601,270	319,995	281,280	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,020	1,180	840	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	14,975	12,595	2,375	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	5,755	3,985	1,765	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	65,885	56,315	9,570	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	36,375	27,525	8,845	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	23,850	17,040	6,805	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	68,970	31,850	37,120	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	27,595	21,255	6,335	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	9,700	5,555	4,145	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	21,030	7,795	13,235	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,885	6,740	5,140	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	43,990	25,335	18,650	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	830	360	475	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	23,545	13,765	9,775	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	44,440	15,340	29,100	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	73,385	13,740	59,645	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	11,375	5,640	5,735	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	43,815	18,730	25,085	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	28,030	12,915	15,115	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	43,820	22,315	21,505	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	560,540	294,445	266,090	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	27,645	12,470	15,175	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	1,440	960	485	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	77,355	58,910	18,450	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	454,090	222,110	231,980	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	454,090	222,110	231,980	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	362,295	165,935	196,355	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	80,510	48,080	32,430	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,440	6,930	2,510	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	1,845	1,170	680	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	531,450	281,020	250,430	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	398,410	224,510	173,900	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,915	10,555	17,355	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	71,180	28,610	42,570	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	20,705	8,935	11,770	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	5,970	3,870	2,105	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	7,270	4,540	2,740	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	531,450	281,020	250,430	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	107,615	48,000	59,610	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	219,945	117,590	102,360	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	133,270	74,725	58,545	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	39,970	22,225	17,750	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	30,645	18,480	12,170	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	531,445	281,020	250,430	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	37,360	27,610	9,755	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	103,015	63,515	39,500	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	160,265	81,685	78,580	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	92,875	41,440	51,435	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	55,800	23,985	31,815	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	82,130	42,775	39,355	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	651,905	343,580	308,320	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	644,785	340,120	304,665	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	638,750	337,080	301,670	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	636,670	336,330	300,345	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	2,075	750	1,325	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	6,035	3,040	2,995	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	0	0	0	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	25	85
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	260	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,030	3,035	2,990	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	500	295	200	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	60	25	30	275	105	170
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	10	10	0	45	25	20
Somali	50	20	35	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	435	270	170	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	35	15	20	200	95	100
Arabic	320	215	100	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	15	825	335	490
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	15	0	15	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	415	185	230	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	475	230	245
Vietnamese	405	180	225	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	310	175	135	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	10	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	25	0	15
Ilocano	20	10	10	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	165	120	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Creole languages	10	0	0	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	90	50	45
Tamil	10	10	10	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	0	0	0	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	2,040	1,070	970	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	10	0	10	350	220	125
Armenian	0	0	0	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	285	145	140	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Latvian	0	0	0	40	10	25
Lithuanian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Slavic languages	290	145	140	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	155	90	65
Bulgarian	0	0	0	205	110	90
Croatian	10	0	10	220	130	95
Czech	0	0	0	70	40	30
Macedonian	0	0	0	95	45	55
Polish	115	60	55	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	70	25	45	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	10	0	0	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Slovak	20	10	10	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	70	40	25	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	60	20	35	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	0	0	0	85	40	40
Danish	0	0	10	90	50	35
Dutch	10	10	10	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	35	20	20	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	10	65	30	40
Swedish	0	0	10	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	495	225
Greek	0	0	0	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	1,250	700	545	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	1,180	655	525	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	15	0	10	530	275	245
Gujarati	65	10	50	880	300	585
Hindi	105	55	45	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	10	0	0	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	955	565	390	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	40	25	20
Urdu	40	15	25	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	65	50	25	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	15	15	0	185	150	40
Pashto	0	0	0	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	55	35	20	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	440	195	240	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Italian	15	0	10	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	45	25	20	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	10	0	10	745	365	380
Spanish	385	175	210	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Japanese	30	10	25	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Georgian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Korean	260	120	140	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	80	50	30
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	85	45	40	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	70	30	40	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	20	0	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,280	1,080	1,200	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	2,270	1,070	1,200	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	1,470	725	745	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	10	10	10	70	25	45
Mandarin	690	305	385	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	0	0	0	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	30	50	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	0	270	155	115
Burmese	0	0	0	75	35	35
Karenic languages	10	0	0	135	75	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	675	270	405
Lao	0	0	0	150	70	80
Thai	0	0	10	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	45	20	25	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	0
Turkish	40	20	20	685	435	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	595	270	325
Estonian	0	0	0	50	15	40
Finnish	0	10	0	105	40	65
Hungarian	10	0	0	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	80	45	35
Multiple responses	7,115	3,460	3,655	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	1,605	775	825	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	5,375	2,625	2,750	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	20	10	10	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	115	55	65	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	651,900	343,580	308,320	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	622,550	328,930	293,615	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	3,970	1,750	2,220	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	7,215	3,550	3,670	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	17,700	9,120	8,585	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	220	75	145	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	17,485	9,045	8,440	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	0	0	0	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	70	30	40	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	395	205	190	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,028,280	513,200	515,075	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	853,945	425,590	428,355	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	174,330	87,605	86,725	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	123,830	62,750	61,080	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	50,500	24,860	25,640	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	34,715	17,410	17,300	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	22,175	11,125	11,055	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	12,535	6,290	6,245	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	15,790	7,445	8,340	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	975,065	485,995	489,075	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	513,435	253,770	259,665	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	461,635	232,225	229,410	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	270,615	135,900	134,715	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	191,015	96,320	94,695	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	119,780	60,745	59,040	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	59,780	29,395	30,380	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	60,005	31,340	28,660	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	71,235	35,580	35,655	1,381,460	682,625	698,835

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

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Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

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Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

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Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

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Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

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Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

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Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

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Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

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Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 27, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Canada [Country]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Canada [Country]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Canada [Country]