Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kingston [Population centre], Ontario and Lunenburg [Population centre], Nova Scotia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Kingston Ontario [Population centre]			Lunenburg Nova Scotia [Population centre]
	Data quality , Kingston [Population centre], Ontario Map : Kingston [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Lunenburg [Population centre], Nova Scotia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	117,660	...	...	2,085	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	114,928 ^r	...	...	2,126^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.4	...	...	-1.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	57,665	...	...	1,099	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	51,353	...	...	946	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,573.7	...	...	863.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	74.77	...	...	2.41	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	117,655	56,220	61,435	2,085	900	1,185
0 to 14 years	17,615	9,080	8,535	235	110	125
0 to 4 years	5,790	3,010	2,775	65	35	35
5 to 9 years	6,120	3,115	3,005	80	45	35
10 to 14 years	5,710	2,955	2,755	90	40	50
15 to 64 years	77,365	37,475	39,885	1,105	510	595
15 to 19 years	6,415	3,210	3,205	80	40	45
20 to 24 years	9,150	4,455	4,695	75	35	35
25 to 29 years	8,930	4,440	4,485	85	40	45
30 to 34 years	8,095	4,010	4,085	85	45	40
35 to 39 years	7,315	3,640	3,670	75	30	45
40 to 44 years	6,605	3,250	3,355	110	50	55
45 to 49 years	7,090	3,390	3,705	135	60	70
50 to 54 years	8,535	4,125	4,410	130	55	75
55 to 59 years	8,005	3,645	4,360	175	85	90
60 to 64 years	7,230	3,315	3,915	165	70	95
65 years and over	22,680	9,670	13,010	745	280	465
65 to 69 years	6,755	2,985	3,770	190	75	115
70 to 74 years	5,230	2,365	2,860	155	75	80
75 to 79 years	3,900	1,740	2,160	120	40	75
80 to 84 years	3,210	1,325	1,875	105	40	65
85 years and over	3,585	1,250	2,335	185	50	135
85 to 89 years	2,215	860	1,355	90	25	65
90 to 94 years	1,050	310	745	55	15	45
95 to 99 years	290	75	210	25	5	20
100 years and over	35	5	30	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	16.2	13.9	11.3	12.2	10.5
15 to 64 years	65.8	66.7	64.9	53.0	56.7	50.2
65 years and over	19.3	17.2	21.2	35.7	31.1	39.2
85 years and over	3.0	2.2	3.8	8.9	5.6	11.4
Average age of the population	41.9	40.4	43.3	52.3	49.4	54.4
Median age of the population	41.0	39.0	42.9	56.3	54.1	58.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	51,355	...	...	950	...	...
Single-detached house	23,705	...	...	680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	8,690	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	18,785	...	...	265	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,035	...	...	15	...	...
Row house	4,095	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,955	...	...	35	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,600	...	...	205	...	...
Other single-attached house	105	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	165	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	51,355	...	...	945	...	...
1 person	16,890	...	...	345	...	...
2 persons	18,350	...	...	390	...	...
3 persons	7,415	...	...	100	...	...
4 persons	5,910	...	...	85	...	...
5 or more persons	2,780	...	...	30	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,440	...	...	1,915	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	100,040	47,140	52,900	1,850	790	1,065
Married or living common law	53,230	26,680	26,550	1,020	515	505
Married	42,080	21,160	20,925	855	430	425
Living common law	11,155	5,525	5,630	160	80	80
Not married and not living common law	46,805	20,460	26,345	835	275	555
Never married	29,165	14,970	14,200	350	170	180
Separated	3,435	1,425	2,005	45	15	30
Divorced	7,520	2,660	4,860	145	40	110
Widowed	6,685	1,395	5,285	290	50	240
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	31,955	...	...	580	...	...
2 persons	17,910	...	...	380	...	...
3 persons	6,675	...	...	100	...	...
4 persons	5,400	...	...	80	...	...
5 or more persons	1,970	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	31,955	...	...	580	...	...
Total couple families	25,825	...	...	490	...	...
Married couples	20,250	...	...	410	...	...
Common-law couples	5,570	...	...	80	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	6,125	...	...	85	...	...
Female parent	4,890	...	...	70	...	...
Male parent	1,235	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	25,825	...	...	490	...	...
Couples without children	14,025	...	...	320	...	...
Couples with children	11,800	...	...	170	...	...
1 child	4,975	...	...	75	...	...
2 children	4,970	...	...	75	...	...
3 or more children	1,860	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	6,130	...	...	85	...	...
1 child	3,880	...	...	60	...	...
2 children	1,700	...	...	25	...	...
3 or more children	545	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,615	11,635	14,980	435	140	290
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	51,355	...	...	945	...	...
One-census-family households	30,790	...	...	560	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	13,545	...	...	315	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	17,245	...	...	245	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	575	...	...	10	...	...
Non-census-family households	19,985	...	...	375	...	...
One-person households	16,890	...	...	345	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	3,090	...	...	30	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	115,015	54,720	60,295	1,925	860	1,065
English only	98,840	47,470	51,370	1,765	790	985
French only	270	115	155	0	0	0
English and French	15,280	6,880	8,400	155	75	85
Neither English nor French	625	260	370	5	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	115,015	54,720	60,295	1,930	855	1,070
English	109,825	52,240	57,580	1,900	845	1,050
French	4,085	2,005	2,080	20	10	15
English and French	510	230	275	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	600	240	355	0	0	5
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	4,340	2,120	2,220	25	10	15
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.8	3.9	3.7	1.3	1.2	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	115,015	54,725	60,295	1,925	860	1,070
Single responses	113,355	53,955	59,395	1,910	855	1,060
Official languages	101,410	48,395	53,015	1,855	820	1,035
English	97,365	46,415	50,955	1,830	810	1,015
French	4,045	1,980	2,060	25	10	15
Non-official languages	11,945	5,565	6,380	55	30	25
Aboriginal languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,920	5,550	6,365	55	30	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	880	460	425	0	0	0
Berber languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	5	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	860	440	415	0	5	0
Amharic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	805	420	390	0	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	5	10	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	220	105	115	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	35	30	0	0	0
Vietnamese	155	70	85	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	480	155	320	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	10	30	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	20	5	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	380	130	255	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	20	25	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	220	115	100	5	5	0
Kannada	15	10	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	80	35	40	5	0	0
Tamil	100	55	40	0	0	0
Telugu	25	15	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,325	3,435	3,895	40	25	15
Albanian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,080	470	610	5	0	5
Baltic languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,045	450	590	5	0	0
Belarusan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Czech	105	40	60	0	0	5
Macedonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	385	165	225	0	0	0
Russian	240	105	135	0	0	0
Serbian	60	30	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	35	20	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	115	50	65	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	5	15	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	10	5	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,390	560	825	30	20	15
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	70	30	35	0	5	0
Dutch	510	215	290	5	0	0
Frisian	15	5	15	0	0	0
German	710	270	440	20	15	10
Icelandic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	25	10	20	0	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	315	155	165	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,620	855	770	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,180	625	555	0	0	0
Bengali	195	100	90	0	0	0
Gujarati	170	85	80	0	0	0
Hindi	200	115	85	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	10	0	0	0
Marathi	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nepali	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	190	95	90	0	0	0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Urdu	310	170	145	0	0	0
Iranian languages	425	225	205	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	400	210	190	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,850	1,365	1,485	5	5	0
Catalan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Italian	500	250	250	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,415	690	725	0	0	0
Romanian	85	35	55	0	0	0
Spanish	830	390	445	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	95	30	65	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Korean	395	165	230	5	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	120	65	55	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	5	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,780	835	945	5	5	0
Chinese languages	1,750	820	930	5	0	0
Cantonese	435	205	225	5	5	5
Hakka	10	5	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,155	540	615	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	20	25	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	40	55	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Burmese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	5	0	0	0
Thai	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	45	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	70	40	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	195	80	120	5	0	5
Estonian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Finnish	40	10	30	5	0	5
Hungarian	130	60	70	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,660	765	895	15	5	5
English and French	580	265	315	5	0	5
English and non-official language	940	440	500	5	5	0
French and non-official language	85	40	45	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	60	20	35	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	115,015	54,720	60,295	1,925	855	1,065
Single responses	112,495	53,570	58,925	1,920	855	1,065
Official languages	107,690	51,315	56,375	1,895	840	1,060
English	105,625	50,290	55,340	1,895	840	1,055
French	2,065	1,020	1,040	5	0	5
Non-official languages	4,805	2,255	2,545	20	15	5
Aboriginal languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,795	2,250	2,545	20	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	455	220	235	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	455	220	235	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	445	220	230	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	50	65	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	90	40	50	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	160	65	100	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	55	85	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	65	35	30	0	0	0
Kannada	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tamil	25	15	10	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,555	1,205	1,350	15	10	5
Albanian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	320	145	175	0	0	0
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	310	145	175	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	25	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	105	45	60	0	0	0
Russian	115	55	60	0	0	0
Serbian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	120	55	70	10	10	5
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0	0	0
Danish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	35	20	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	60	25	35	10	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	135	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	820	410	410	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	560	270	290	0	0	0
Bengali	120	60	60	0	0	0
Gujarati	75	35	40	0	0	0
Hindi	85	45	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	40	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	150	70	80	0	0	0
Iranian languages	255	135	125	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	240	125	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,140	520	615	5	0	0
Catalan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Italian	120	45	70	0	0	0
Portuguese	605	280	325	0	0	0
Romanian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Spanish	385	175	210	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	40	15	20	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Korean	245	110	135	0	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	15	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,020	485	535	5	0	0
Chinese languages	1,015	480	530	5	0	0
Cantonese	210	95	115	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	745	360	385	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	15	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	30	10	15	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,520	1,155	1,365	5	5	5
English and French	420	200	220	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,980	905	1,075	10	5	0
French and non-official language	35	10	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	95	30	55	0	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	115,015	54,720	60,295	1,930	860	1,070
None	104,490	49,825	54,660	1,870	830	1,040
English	3,230	1,560	1,665	10	5	5
French	2,625	1,155	1,470	20	10	10
Non-official language	4,425	2,055	2,370	25	10	10
Aboriginal	40	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,390	2,035	2,350	25	10	10
English and French	75	40	40	0	0	0
English and non-official language	50	30	25	0	0	0
French and non-official language	115	55	60	0	0	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	96,840	45,465	51,375	1,685	740	940
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	93,505	43,815	49,685	1,640	725	915
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,531	39,801	30,717	27,541	37,376	23,232
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	93,535	43,815	49,715	1,640	720	915
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,381	35,704	28,067	25,783	32,922	21,990
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	83,745	39,630	44,110	1,455	655	795
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,708	38,986	27,400	24,683	34,944	18,048
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	70,025	30,540	39,485	1,270	500	770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,038	4,222	6,808	9,312	11,328	8,416
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,550	33,390	34,155	1,005	470	530
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,722	34,552	27,572	25,109	36,672	19,981
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	96,830	45,450	51,375	1,660	725	930
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	93,450	43,795	49,650	1,630	710	915
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,990	51,058	39,637	40,654	51,896	31,894
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	93,470	43,800	49,675	1,630	710	920
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,946	42,457	33,968	34,042	42,506	27,448
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	83,765	39,505	44,255	1,460	640	820
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,677	51,131	37,023	36,993	49,447	27,221
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,110	30,505	39,600	1,290	510	790
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,785	7,089	8,322	9,536	10,557	8,878
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,675	33,355	34,315	995	435	560
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,511	45,792	35,377	38,059	52,472	26,785
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	96,825	45,450	51,375	1,660	730	935
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	31,180	16,450	14,725	410	225	190
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,176	58,935	48,828	54,591	59,553	46,095
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,176	67,015	54,653	61,721	69,732	52,016
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.9	90.1	83.3	81.0	84.8	76.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	65.3	68.0	62.3	57.6	63.6	50.4
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.1	10.0	16.7	19.1	15.1	23.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	96,840	45,460	51,375	1,685	740	940
Without total income	3,335	1,650	1,690	45	15	25
With total income	93,505	43,815	49,685	1,640	725	915
Percentage with total income	96.6	96.4	96.7	97.3	98.0	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,140	5,430	6,710	235	80	155
$10,000 to $19,999	16,555	6,630	9,920	320	105	215
$20,000 to $29,999	12,970	5,205	7,765	310	120	195
$30,000 to $39,999	10,860	4,725	6,135	190	80	110
$40,000 to $49,999	9,570	4,295	5,265	160	80	85
$50,000 to $59,999	7,535	3,600	3,930	110	65	45
$60,000 to $69,999	6,185	3,435	2,750	85	50	30
$70,000 to $79,999	4,565	2,605	1,960	70	45	25
$80,000 to $89,999	3,660	2,080	1,580	50	35	25
$90,000 to $99,999	2,695	1,485	1,205	25	15	10
$100,000 and over	6,775	4,315	2,460	75	60	20
$100,000 to $149,999	4,780	2,930	1,845	55	45	10
$150,000 and over	1,995	1,390	610	25	15	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	96,840	45,465	51,375	1,680	745	940
Without after-tax income	3,310	1,645	1,660	40	20	25
With after-tax income	93,530	43,815	49,710	1,640	725	915
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.4	96.8	97.6	97.3	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,655	5,525	7,135	250	80	170
$10,000 to $19,999	17,325	6,945	10,375	325	105	220
$20,000 to $29,999	14,940	6,130	8,810	360	140	225
$30,000 to $39,999	12,795	5,670	7,120	230	110	120
$40,000 to $49,999	10,815	4,990	5,825	160	90	70
$50,000 to $59,999	8,090	4,425	3,670	115	75	40
$60,000 to $69,999	5,885	3,435	2,450	85	45	40
$70,000 to $79,999	4,085	2,260	1,825	40	25	15
$80,000 and over	6,940	4,440	2,500	70	50	20
$80,000 to $89,999	2,425	1,405	1,025	30	25	0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,310	830	480	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	3,205	2,205	1,000	30	20	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	96,840	45,465	51,375	1,685	740	940
Without employment income	29,290	12,070	17,215	675	265	410
With employment income	67,550	33,390	34,155	1,005	475	530
Percentage with employment income	69.8	73.4	66.5	59.6	64.2	56.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,990	5,325	5,665	175	65	110
$5,000 to $9,999	5,955	2,615	3,340	100	35	65
$10,000 to $19,999	9,055	4,025	5,025	145	60	90
$20,000 to $29,999	7,235	3,280	3,955	130	55	75
$30,000 to $39,999	6,510	3,010	3,500	90	40	55
$40,000 to $49,999	6,190	2,800	3,385	75	40	40
$50,000 to $59,999	4,900	2,375	2,530	75	45	30
$60,000 to $69,999	4,290	2,475	1,820	50	30	15
$70,000 to $79,999	3,230	1,895	1,335	50	35	20
$80,000 and over	9,200	5,595	3,600	100	80	25
$80,000 to $89,999	2,730	1,535	1,195	40	35	10
$90,000 to $99,999	2,090	1,125	965	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	4,375	2,930	1,445	50	40	15
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	51,355	...	...	945	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	65,464	...	...	52,032	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,942	...	...	46,507	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	16,890	...	...	340	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,000	...	...	25,920	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,654	...	...	24,768	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	34,460	...	...	600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,694	...	...	69,990	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,447	...	...	60,715	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	51,335	...	...	935	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	81,896	...	...	70,897	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,089	...	...	59,367	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,870	...	...	350	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,789	...	...	44,173	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,752	...	...	37,186	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	34,470	...	...	580	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,566	...	...	86,959	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,935	...	...	72,699	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	51,355	...	...	945	...	...
Under $5,000	795	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	840	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,835	...	...	30	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,115	...	...	60	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,360	...	...	85	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,265	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,280	...	...	60	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,315	...	...	50	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,210	...	...	45	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,235	...	...	60	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,310	...	...	80	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,825	...	...	70	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,430	...	...	60	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,200	...	...	45	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,765	...	...	50	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,575	...	...	190	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,155	...	...	75	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,415	...	...	50	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,565	...	...	45	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,440	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	51,355	...	...	945	...	...
Under $5,000	825	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	855	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,855	...	...	30	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,220	...	...	60	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,625	...	...	90	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,495	...	...	45	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,710	...	...	70	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,680	...	...	55	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,750	...	...	65	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,680	...	...	55	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,925	...	...	90	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,375	...	...	70	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,865	...	...	65	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,315	...	...	55	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,700	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,470	...	...	125	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,660	...	...	65	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,725	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,085	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	31,895	...	...	575	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,388	...	...	70,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,564	...	...	60,843	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	13,265	...	...	310	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,300	...	...	67,328	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,827	...	...	59,136	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	11,920	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,495	...	...	94,592	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,379	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,825	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,742	...	...	45,824	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,970	...	...	43,648	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	31,985	...	...	570	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,708	...	...	86,041	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,370	...	...	71,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	13,320	...	...	305	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,083	...	...	76,844	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,697	...	...	64,846	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	11,845	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	130,846	...	...	99,719	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,493	...	...	82,499	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,860	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,383	...	...	93,747	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,893	...	...	76,143	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	24,415	10,735	13,685	410	140	270
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,423	28,657	29,948	25,920	30,400	24,832
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,309	26,534	27,895	24,544	28,096	23,757
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	24,100	10,605	13,500	415	145	265
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,466	38,670	40,091	41,638	44,294	40,214
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,868	32,992	34,555	35,280	36,402	34,678
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	114,440	54,540	59,900	1,915	850	1,065
In the bottom half of the distribution	57,810	26,740	31,065	1,225	515	710
In the bottom decile	13,725	6,410	7,310	210	85	125
In the second decile	11,395	5,040	6,355	315	125	190
In the third decile	10,615	4,875	5,745	265	110	155
In the fourth decile	11,105	5,195	5,910	200	90	110
In the fifth decile	10,965	5,215	5,750	235	110	130
In the top half of the distribution	56,640	27,800	28,835	690	340	350
In the sixth decile	11,370	5,440	5,935	145	75	70
In the seventh decile	11,550	5,655	5,900	170	85	85
In the eighth decile	12,155	6,020	6,130	165	80	80
In the ninth decile	11,875	5,840	6,035	110	55	60
In the top decile	9,675	4,845	4,835	90	40	50
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	114,440	54,540	59,905	1,920	855	1,060
0 to 17 years	21,120	10,885	10,235	285	140	140
0 to 5 years	6,990	3,645	3,345	85	45	40
18 to 64 years	72,645	34,665	37,975	1,050	475	570
65 years and over	20,675	8,985	11,695	590	240	350
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,730	7,940	9,785	370	140	225
0 to 17 years	3,825	1,940	1,890	60	30	30
0 to 5 years	1,465	740	725	15	10	5
18 to 64 years	11,905	5,355	6,550	190	80	110
65 years and over	1,995	640	1,355	120	30	95
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	14.6	16.3	19.3	16.4	21.2
0 to 17 years (%)	18.1	17.8	18.5	21.1	21.4	21.4
0 to 5 years (%)	21.0	20.3	21.7	17.6	22.2	12.5
18 to 64 years (%)	16.4	15.4	17.2	18.1	16.8	19.3
65 years and over (%)	9.6	7.1	11.6	20.3	12.5	27.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,550	5,470	6,080	145	60	85
0 to 17 years	1,935	970	965	25	10	10
0 to 5 years	755	370	390	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	9,185	4,320	4,865	105	45	60
65 years and over	425	180	245	15	0	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.1	10.0	10.1	7.6	7.0	8.0
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2	8.9	9.4	8.8	7.1	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	10.8	10.2	11.7	5.9	11.1	12.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.5	12.8	10.0	9.5	10.5
65 years and over (%)	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.5	0.0	2.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	114,425	54,515	59,905	1,890	835	1,055
Official languages	113,790	54,235	59,555	1,890	835	1,055
English	113,525	54,095	59,430	1,890	835	1,055
French	15,495	7,100	8,395	105	50	55
Non-official languages	16,480	7,655	8,830	130	65	60
Aboriginal languages	70	10	60	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	50	10	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	25	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	0	15	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	16,420	7,645	8,775	135	70	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,275	685	590	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	20	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	15	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,265	670	590	15	10	0
Amharic	20	0	10	0	0	0
Arabic	1,125	595	525	15	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	100	55	35	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	285	130	155	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	30	40	0	0	0
Vietnamese	225	105	120	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	600	190	415	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	15	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	10	30	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	70	35	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	520	145	375	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	50	25	20	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	325	180	145	10	0	0
Kannada	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	75	30	45	0	10	0
Tamil	185	105	80	0	0	0
Telugu	60	30	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,715	4,990	5,725	105	50	50
Albanian	55	20	30	0	0	0
Armenian	45	20	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,365	610	755	30	10	20
Baltic languages	50	15	35	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,325	600	725	25	10	20
Belarusan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	55	30	20	0	0	0
Czech	165	75	90	0	0	10
Macedonian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	470	205	265	0	0	0
Russian	400	190	210	0	0	0
Serbian	90	35	55	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Slovak	60	25	35	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	145	70	75	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	10	0	0	0
Welsh	20	15	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,300	965	1,340	50	30	20
Afrikaans	45	25	25	0	0	0
Danish	70	25	45	0	0	0
Dutch	610	250	365	25	10	15
Frisian	20	10	10	0	0	0
German	1,575	670	905	25	25	10
Icelandic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	60	25	35	10	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	425	220	205	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,075	1,100	975	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,590	840	750	0	0	0
Bengali	245	145	105	0	0	0
Gujarati	260	135	125	0	0	0
Hindi	735	385	350	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Marathi	30	10	25	0	0	0
Nepali	25	10	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315	170	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	45	25	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	25	30	0	0	0
Urdu	475	260	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	515	275	240	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	50	20	30	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	460	245	215	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,800	2,200	2,595	25	10	15
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	905	425	475	15	0	10
Portuguese	1,865	925	935	0	0	0
Romanian	90	40	45	0	0	0
Spanish	2,170	895	1,275	15	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	0	0	0
Japanese	160	80	85	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	10	10	0	0	0
Korean	475	225	250	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	260	120	140	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	75	30	45	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ganda	10	10	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swahili	60	30	30	0	0	0
Wolof	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	45	20	25	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	20	35	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	205	75	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	145	40	100	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,105	1,000	1,100	10	0	10
Chinese languages	2,080	980	1,090	10	10	10
Cantonese	610	280	335	0	10	0
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	85	40	45	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	20	30	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	150	65	80	0	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	25	0	0	0	0
Burmese	20	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	40	10	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	150	80	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	10	10	0	0	0
Turkish	145	75	65	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	210	80	125	0	0	0
Estonian	25	10	25	0	0	0
Finnish	75	35	40	0	0	0
Hungarian	105	45	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	114,425	54,520	59,905	1,890	840	1,055
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	109,515	52,145	57,365	1,825	795	1,035
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,600	10,600	10,000	260	115	145
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,915	41,545	47,365	1,565	675	885
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	4,910	2,370	2,540	65	40	20
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	114,420	54,515	59,905	1,890	840	1,055
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	97,700	46,640	51,055	1,695	740	955
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	15,105	7,025	8,085	190	90	100
Before 1981	6,860	3,115	3,745	100	45	55
1981 to 1990	1,605	770	830	10	0	10
1991 to 2000	1,975	965	1,015	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	3,040	1,410	1,625	35	15	20
2001 to 2005	1,470	690	780	20	0	15
2006 to 2010	1,565	720	850	20	10	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,630	765	860	25	25	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,615	855	765	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	15,110	7,025	8,085	190	90	100
Under 5 years	1,775	835	940	15	10	10
5 to 14 years	3,115	1,545	1,570	25	20	10
15 to 24 years	3,360	1,390	1,970	55	10	45
25 to 44 years	5,910	2,810	3,095	80	40	40
45 years and over	940	440	505	15	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	15,105	7,020	8,085	190	90	100
Americas	2,330	1,025	1,305	35	20	15
Brazil	90	35	55	0	0	0
Colombia	70	20	55	0	0	0
El Salvador	170	80	90	0	0	0
Guyana	80	30	55	0	0	0
Haiti	20	0	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	175	95	80	0	0	0
Mexico	120	55	65	0	0	0
Peru	30	0	25	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	85	35	45	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,150	495	655	35	20	15
Other places of birth in Americas	330	170	160	0	0	0
Europe	6,975	3,195	3,780	125	55	75
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	10	25	0	0	0
Croatia	30	20	10	0	0	0
France	115	60	50	0	0	0
Germany	630	230	400	10	10	0
Greece	170	105	70	0	0	0
Hungary	65	40	30	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	90	50	45	0	0	10
Italy	375	190	185	10	10	0
Netherlands	510	230	285	10	10	10
Poland	280	125	150	0	0	0
Portugal	1,085	545	540	0	0	0
Romania	75	40	35	0	0	0
Russian Federation	115	30	80	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	55	25	30	10	0	10
Ukraine	85	45	45	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,665	1,210	1,450	80	35	50
Other places of birth in Europe	590	240	345	0	0	0
Africa	1,030	525	505	10	0	0
Algeria	30	15	20	0	0	0
Egypt	240	140	105	0	0	0
Ethiopia	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kenya	65	30	35	0	0	0
Morocco	55	20	35	0	0	0
Nigeria	60	30	30	0	0	0
Somalia	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	115	60	55	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	430	205	225	0	0	0
Asia	4,645	2,200	2,450	15	10	10
Afghanistan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Bangladesh	115	75	45	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	945	410	535	0	10	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	115	50	70	0	0	0
India	720	350	375	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	285	165	125	0	0	0
Iraq	85	55	30	0	0	0
Japan	75	20	55	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	330	165	160	0	0	0
Lebanon	70	45	25	0	0	0
Pakistan	340	175	165	0	0	0
Philippines	530	180	355	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	140	70	70	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	45	25	20	0	0	0
Taiwan	70	30	30	0	0	0
Viet Nam	155	70	80	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	585	295	290	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	125	80	45	10	10	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,630	765	865	30	20	10
Americas	275	140	135	10	10	0
Brazil	55	25	30	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	45	25	25	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	100	50	50	10	10	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	20	0	0	0
Europe	180	85	95	15	10	0
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germany	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	70	30	35	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	60	30	30	0	0	0
Africa	205	105	105	10	10	0
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	20	10	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	20	0	0	0
Egypt	45	30	20	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	10	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	15	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	0	10	0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	25	15	0	0	0
Asia	960	430	525	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	15	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	190	80	110	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	0	0	0
India	130	65	65	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	110	55	55	0	0	0
Iraq	30	15	15	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	20	25	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nepal	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	40	15	25	0	0	0
Philippines	140	40	95	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	40	20	25	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Turkey	15	10	10	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	10	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	0	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	35	30	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	114,420	54,520	59,905	1,890	835	1,055
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	17,795	8,435	9,365	215	105	110
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	19,000	9,220	9,775	195	95	100
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	77,625	36,860	40,760	1,485	640	845
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	8,445	3,990	4,455	90	45	40
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	4,770	2,390	2,380	40	25	15
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,865	1,215	650	20	20	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	2,910	1,170	1,735	15	10	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,590	1,010	1,580	50	25	25
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,050	570	485	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	25	20	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	114,420	54,520	59,905	1,895	835	1,055
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	4,210	1,935	2,280	30	0	30
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	4,035	1,845	2,190	25	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	2,630	1,215	1,420	15	0	15
Métis	1,365	605	755	10	0	10
Inuk (Inuit)	40	20	20	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	95	50	45	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	85	40	45	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	110,210	52,580	57,630	1,860	835	1,025
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	114,420	54,520	59,905	1,890	835	1,055
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,150	580	575	10	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,270	53,940	59,330	1,875	840	1,045
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	114,420	54,515	59,905	1,890	835	1,055
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	835	395	445	10	10	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	820	395	425	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	645	290	350	10	0	0
Métis single ancestry	165	95	70	10	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	0	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	5,710	2,760	2,945	65	20	45
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	5,565	2,700	2,865	70	25	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,155	1,980	2,175	55	20	35
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,365	700	665	10	0	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	25	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	145	60	90	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	80	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	107,880	51,365	56,515	1,815	810	1,005
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	114,425	54,515	59,905	1,890	835	1,055
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	11,595	5,775	5,820	30	20	10
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,395	1,270	1,125	0	0	0
Chinese	2,495	1,200	1,300	15	10	0
Black	1,775	935	840	0	0	0
Filipino	770	305	460	0	0	0
Latin American	915	395	520	0	0	0
Arab	1,010	555	460	15	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	520	235	290	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	450	250	200	0	0	0
Korean	505	255	250	0	0	0
Japanese	175	65	110	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	140	75	65	10	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	445	235	210	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	102,830	48,740	54,085	1,860	820	1,045
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	114,420	54,520	59,905	1,890	840	1,055
North American Aboriginal origins	6,545	3,155	3,390	80	30	55
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,955	2,330	2,620	60	25	40
Inuit	70	35	35	10	0	0
Métis	1,685	855	830	15	10	10
Other North American origins	42,125	20,110	22,010	820	320	495
Acadian	360	185	170	0	10	10
American	1,745	845	900	20	10	20
Canadian	40,775	19,460	21,315	790	310	480
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	110	50	60	10	10	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	45	25	20	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	10	0	0	0
European origins	85,075	39,900	45,175	1,395	650	745
British Isles origins	65,595	30,585	35,005	1,000	470	530
Channel Islander	30	15	15	0	0	0
Cornish	15	10	10	0	0	0
English	36,295	16,690	19,605	695	335	360
Irish	31,800	14,425	17,375	395	175	220
Manx	35	15	25	10	0	10
Scottish	28,010	13,010	14,995	405	190	215
Welsh	2,685	1,150	1,540	65	35	30
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	4,245	1,885	2,355	85	40	40
French origins	16,620	7,760	8,865	210	110	100
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	0	0	0	0	0
French	16,605	7,750	8,860	215	110	100
Western European origins (except French origins)	18,385	8,445	9,940	595	265	330
Austrian	655	305	345	10	0	0
Bavarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	405	210	200	0	0	0
Dutch	6,400	2,940	3,455	65	40	25
Flemish	50	35	20	0	0	0
Frisian	25	10	15	0	0	0
German	11,990	5,505	6,485	555	245	310
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	405	205	200	10	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	3,625	1,740	1,885	35	15	20
Danish	935	455	480	0	0	0
Finnish	670	330	335	0	0	0
Icelandic	250	135	120	15	10	10
Norwegian	940	490	450	10	0	10
Swedish	950	360	585	15	10	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	160	105	60	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	8,685	3,955	4,730	30	15	15
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Byelorussian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Czech	480	220	260	10	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	110	55	55	0	0	0
Estonian	140	50	85	0	0	0
Hungarian	920	460	455	0	0	0
Latvian	160	50	115	0	0	0
Lithuanian	235	120	120	0	0	0
Moldovan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	3,415	1,560	1,850	15	10	0
Romanian	420	210	210	0	0	0
Russian	1,125	495	635	10	10	0
Slovak	305	130	170	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,590	1,185	1,410	10	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	65	30	35	0	0	0
Southern European origins	9,755	4,840	4,910	45	20	30
Albanian	55	20	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	275	175	100	0	0	0
Cypriot	20	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	895	470	425	0	0	10
Italian	4,075	2,020	2,050	10	0	10
Kosovar	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Maltese	90	50	40	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	3,255	1,680	1,580	0	0	0
Serbian	170	75	95	0	0	0
Sicilian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Slovenian	95	40	50	0	0	0
Spanish	1,070	455	615	0	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	140	60	75	20	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	675	330	350	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	345	170	180	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	30	0	25	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	25	15	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	270	140	135	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	1,100	550	555	10	0	0
Antiguan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	130	65	70	0	0	0
Bermudan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	100	45	55	0	0	0
Dominican	30	25	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	45	25	25	0	0	0
Jamaican	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	110	50	60	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	10	15	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	60	45	20	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	45	15	30	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,375	650	720	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	70	25	45	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	30	25	10	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	145	65	80	0	0	0
Chilean	30	10	20	0	0	0
Colombian	125	30	95	0	0	0
Costa Rican	40	0	40	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	60	30	30	0	0	0
Guyanese	110	50	55	10	0	0
Hispanic	20	0	20	0	0	0
Honduran	40	15	20	0	0	0
Maya	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mexican	275	155	120	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	55	35	20	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	30	0	25	0	0	0
Salvadorean	170	85	85	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	70	60	15	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	95	30	70	0	0	0
African origins	2,075	1,035	1,040	15	10	10
Central and West African origins	405	185	220	0	0	0
Akan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Angolan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	85	30	55	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	20	15	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Liberian	10	0	15	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nigerian	65	40	35	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Togolese	15	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	20	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	45	25	15	0	0	0
North African origins	790	380	410	0	0	0
Algerian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Berber	50	15	35	0	0	0
Coptic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	440	225	215	0	0	0
Libyan	40	20	25	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	115	40	70	0	0	0
Sudanese	50	30	25	0	0	0
Tunisian	50	20	25	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	35	20	15	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	430	240	190	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Djiboutian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ethiopian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	55	35	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somali	35	30	10	0	0	0
South African	195	100	100	10	0	0
Tanzanian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ugandan	30	20	10	0	0	0
Zambian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	495	245	250	0	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	85	35	45	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	440	220	215	0	0	0
Asian origins	9,285	4,640	4,645	30	20	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,980	1,105	870	20	10	10
Afghan	75	40	35	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	400	220	180	0	0	0
Armenian	100	45	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	550	320	230	0	0	0
Iraqi	95	60	35	0	0	0
Israeli	50	25	25	0	0	0
Jordanian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	30	20	15	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	285	150	135	20	10	10
Palestinian	105	65	40	0	0	0
Pashtun	10	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	110	50	60	0	0	0
Syrian	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	165	100	70	0	0	0
Turkmen	20	10	10	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	10	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	30	25	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	2,600	1,390	1,210	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	95	40	50	0	0	0
Bengali	45	15	30	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,810	985	830	0	0	0
Goan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	35	15	25	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	370	190	180	0	0	0
Punjabi	70	30	35	0	0	0
Sinhalese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	165	90	75	0	0	0
Tamil	40	35	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	75	45	30	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	4,850	2,250	2,600	10	10	0
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	95	40	60	0	0	0
Chinese	2,870	1,375	1,495	10	0	0
Filipino	880	355	520	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Japanese	225	100	130	0	0	0
Karen	25	15	10	0	0	0
Korean	530	260	270	0	0	0
Laotian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	40	10	30	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwanese	40	30	0	0	0	0
Thai	55	20	40	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	280	140	140	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	50	15	35	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	50	10	35	0	0	0
Oceania origins	265	150	120	15	15	10
Australian	190	115	70	15	15	0
New Zealander	40	25	20	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	35	10	25	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maori	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	51,335	...	...	935	...	...
Owner	29,495	...	...	625	...	...
Renter	21,840	...	...	310	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	51,335	...	...	935	...	...
Condominium	3,620	...	...	15	...	...
Not condominium	47,715	...	...	920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	51,340	...	...	935	...	...
No bedrooms	275	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	7,055	...	...	90	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,860	...	...	265	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,335	...	...	370	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,815	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	51,335	...	...	935	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,795	...	...	205	...	...
5 rooms	7,750	...	...	85	...	...
6 rooms	7,370	...	...	160	...	...
7 rooms	6,845	...	...	165	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,575	...	...	325	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	51,335	...	...	935	...	...
One person or fewer per room	51,075	...	...	935	...	...
More than 1 person per room	260	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	51,335	...	...	935	...	...
Suitable	49,705	...	...	915	...	...
Not suitable	1,630	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	51,335	...	...	930	...	...
1960 or before	11,230	...	...	635	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,765	...	...	170	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,375	...	...	35	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,865	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,280	...	...	15	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,185	...	...	35	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,645	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	51,340	...	...	930	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	48,285	...	...	840	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,055	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	51,340	...	...	935	...	...
1 household maintainer	31,005	...	...	630	...	...
2 household maintainers	19,000	...	...	300	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,330	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	51,340	...	...	935	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,080	...	...	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,405	...	...	85	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,620	...	...	95	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,140	...	...	140	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,200	...	...	190	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,430	...	...	220	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,435	...	...	140	...	...
85 years and over	2,030	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	51,295	...	...	935	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,520	...	...	675	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	14,775	...	...	260	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,915	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,500	...	...	630	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	59.4	...	...	44.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.3	...	...	21.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,222	...	...	750	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,289	...	...	988	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,757	...	...	250,680	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	338,939	...	...	268,786	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,840	...	...	305	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.9	...	...	9.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	48.5	...	...	40.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	994	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,061	...	...	846	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	96,825	45,455	51,375	1,660	730	935
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,360	6,750	6,615	260	110	150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	27,250	13,790	13,465	340	140	205
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,215	24,910	31,300	1,055	480	575
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,140	3,525	1,620	150	110	40
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,505	1,445	1,055	90	50	40
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,635	2,075	560	55	60	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	23,275	8,780	14,490	395	160	240
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,335	470	870	65	10	60
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	26,460	12,135	14,325	440	205	240
Bachelor's degree	15,420	6,450	8,965	280	150	130
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,305	540	760	15	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,220	685	545	0	0	0
Master's degree	5,920	2,710	3,205	140	45	85
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,585	1,745	845	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	60,690	28,810	31,880	910	430	480
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,740	2,650	2,090	50	35	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	14,875	8,065	6,805	150	75	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,080	18,090	22,990	705	315	390
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,305	2,235	1,070	65	45	25
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,685	950	740	45	25	25
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,620	1,285	335	20	20	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,345	6,790	10,555	270	120	150
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	765	315	445	35	10	30
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	19,670	8,745	10,925	335	155	185
Bachelor's degree	11,125	4,560	6,565	215	125	90
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	880	370	515	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,060	545	515	10	0	0
Master's degree	4,725	2,110	2,610	105	25	80
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,880	1,165	715	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	96,825	45,450	51,375	1,660	725	935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	40,610	20,535	20,075	605	250	355
Education	3,740	975	2,765	95	25	70
13. Education	3,740	975	2,765	95	25	70
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,015	810	1,210	50	25	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	340	280	60	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,680	530	1,150	45	15	30
Humanities	3,885	1,610	2,270	60	10	40
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	315	85	230	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	1,135	315	820	25	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	710	315	390	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	25	25	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	290	140	145	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	350	195	150	10	0	10
54. History	845	500	345	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	190	30	160	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,895	2,655	5,240	140	50	90
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	40	110	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	595	220	375	15	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,415	145	1,265	25	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	1,025	365	660	20	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	575	125	455	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,515	400	1,120	40	10	25
45. Social sciences	2,620	1,365	1,255	40	15	25
Business, management and public administration	9,200	3,415	5,780	200	75	125
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	10	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,230	275	955	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,960	3,135	4,820	185	75	110
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,025	1,625	1,400	20	15	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,585	660	925	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	140	160	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	25	10	15	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,045	770	275	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	40	30	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,220	1,445	775	30	15	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,610	1,125	480	20	15	10
25. Library science	140	30	115	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	445	270	170	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	15	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,405	7,610	795	190	185	10
04. Architecture and related services	300	200	100	10	0	0
14. Engineering	2,655	2,180	475	35	30	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,010	1,865	140	40	45	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,715	1,690	20	35	35	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,210	1,185	25	45	45	0
48. Precision production	515	490	30	30	35	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	600	360	240	0	0	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	295	165	130	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	310	195	105	0	0	0
Health and related fields	11,275	2,300	8,975	185	30	155
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	785	395	390	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	9,985	1,600	8,385	180	30	150
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	510	310	200	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,940	2,105	1,840	80	50	25
12. Personal and culinary services	2,035	650	1,385	35	10	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	155	140	15	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	140	135	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,310	885	420	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	305	295	15	40	40	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	60,690	28,810	31,885	910	430	475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	19,615	10,720	8,890	200	110	90
Education	2,440	625	1,815	65	10	55
13. Education	2,440	630	1,815	65	10	55
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,455	545	905	40	15	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	240	195	45	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,215	350	860	35	15	20
Humanities	2,455	1,070	1,390	20	0	15
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	200	50	155	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	660	175	485	10	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	430	205	220	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	25	0	15	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	110	90	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	135	80	0	0	10
54. History	610	365	240	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	120	15	100	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,135	2,000	4,135	105	40	70
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	40	75	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	475	200	275	10	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,080	95	990	20	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	835	255	580	15	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	460	85	375	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,175	300	875	35	0	30
45. Social sciences	2,000	1,025	975	25	15	10
Business, management and public administration	6,875	2,575	4,300	140	55	85
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	925	210	720	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,945	2,365	3,580	125	55	70
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,165	1,040	1,125	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,225	475	755	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	95	125	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	10	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	665	450	215	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	15	25	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,740	1,155	590	20	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,360	950	410	15	10	10
25. Library science	85	15	70	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	270	165	105	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	20	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,940	5,265	675	140	135	10
04. Architecture and related services	225	145	80	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,960	1,555	410	30	25	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,500	1,375	120	35	35	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,155	1,135	20	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	735	720	20	35	35	0
48. Precision production	360	335	25	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	460	265	195	0	0	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	210	110	100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	155	95	0	0	0
Health and related fields	8,320	1,845	6,475	120	20	100
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	570	320	250	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	7,345	1,305	6,045	110	15	95
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	410	225	180	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,100	1,715	1,380	45	30	20
12. Personal and culinary services	1,505	500	1,000	25	10	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	130	120	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	105	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,105	755	350	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	230	10	25	25	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	96,825	45,455	51,375	1,660	725	935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,610	20,535	20,075	610	250	355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	56,215	24,915	31,305	1,055	480	575
Location of study inside Canada	49,645	21,680	27,970	945	430	520
Same as province or territory of residence	43,540	18,965	24,580	710	335	375
Different than province or territory of residence	6,105	2,710	3,395	240	95	145
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,570	3,235	3,330	105	50	55
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,545	835	705	15	0	10
Philippines	315	65	245	0	0	0
India	410	190	215	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,125	670	455	50	20	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	410	215	200	0	0	0
France	115	65	55	0	0	0
Other	2,655	1,195	1,460	45	25	20
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	60,695	28,810	31,880	905	430	480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,610	10,720	8,890	205	110	90
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	41,080	18,090	22,990	705	315	385
Location of study inside Canada	36,630	16,005	20,625	630	285	350
Same as province or territory of residence	32,235	14,110	18,125	505	245	260
Different than province or territory of residence	4,390	1,895	2,495	130	40	90
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,450	2,085	2,360	75	35	40
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,020	500	520	10	10	10
Philippines	235	50	185	0	0	0
India	300	135	165	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	510	315	190	35	15	15
China^{Census data footnote 162}	355	185	165	0	0	0
France	70	45	30	0	0	0
Other	1,960	860	1,105	35	15	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	96,825	45,450	51,375	1,660	725	935
In the labour force	60,560	29,930	30,620	865	395	470
Employed	55,640	27,410	28,235	755	350	400
Unemployed	4,915	2,525	2,390	110	40	65
Not in the labour force	36,270	15,520	20,750	795	335	465
Participation rate	62.5	65.9	59.6	52.1	54.5	50.3
Employment rate	57.5	60.3	55.0	45.5	48.3	42.8
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.4	7.8	12.7	10.1	13.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	96,825	45,450	51,375	1,660	725	935
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	33,735	14,335	19,405	715	300	415
Worked	63,090	31,115	31,975	950	430	520
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	31,780	16,840	14,940	425	240	185
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	31,310	14,275	17,035	525	190	335
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	42.9	42.2	41.4	43.9	39.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	60,555	29,935	30,620	865	395	470
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,560	795	765	15	10	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	58,990	29,135	29,855	850	380	465
Employee	54,185	26,375	27,810	760	340	420
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	4,805	2,755	2,045	90	40	45
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	60,560	29,930	30,625	860	395	470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,565	795	765	15	10	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	58,990	29,135	29,860	845	385	470
0 Management occupations	5,330	3,275	2,055	120	55	60
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,935	2,250	5,685	95	50	50
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,315	2,650	670	75	65	10
3 Health occupations	6,110	1,580	4,530	115	15	100
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	11,465	5,040	6,425	85	35	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,825	775	1,050	40	15	25
6 Sales and service occupations	15,850	6,960	8,890	205	45	160
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,440	5,200	240	45	45	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	625	510	115	30	25	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,090	900	195	45	35	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	60,555	29,935	30,620	865	395	470
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,565	795	765	15	10	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	58,990	29,135	29,860	845	380	465
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	150	90	60	35	35	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	90	10	10	0	0
22 Utilities	355	290	70	0	0	0
23 Construction	2,995	2,730	270	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	2,200	1,695	505	125	85	40
41 Wholesale trade	1,050	775	270	10	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	6,955	3,320	3,640	90	25	70
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,420	1,115	305	15	15	0
51 Information and cultural industries	940	515	425	30	25	10
52 Finance and insurance	1,700	645	1,050	15	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,030	550	480	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,835	1,515	1,315	45	30	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,795	1,660	1,135	35	15	15
61 Educational services	7,955	3,230	4,720	45	10	35
62 Health care and social assistance	9,725	2,245	7,480	140	25	115
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,385	645	745	30	15	15
72 Accommodation and food services	5,955	2,610	3,345	120	25	100
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,230	940	1,290	25	0	15
91 Public administration	7,200	4,460	2,740	55	25	35
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	55,640	27,405	28,230	750	355	400
Worked at home	2,970	1,380	1,595	75	25	50
Worked outside Canada	260	175	85	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	4,920	3,475	1,440	60	60	0
Worked at usual place	47,495	22,375	25,120	620	265	350
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	47,495	22,375	25,120	615	265	350
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	40,535	18,680	21,855	280	110	175
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	385	240	150	255	115	135
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,385	3,330	3,050	70	30	40
Commute to a different province or territory	195	120	70	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	52,410	25,850	26,560	675	325	350
Car, truck, van - as a driver	36,965	19,080	17,885	500	230	270
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,840	1,405	2,430	30	15	10
Public transit	4,655	1,870	2,780	0	0	10
Walked	5,055	2,410	2,640	125	55	70
Bicycle	1,305	790	510	0	0	0
Other method	595	290	305	15	15	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	52,410	25,850	26,555	675	320	350
Less than 15 minutes	20,430	9,740	10,690	400	170	230
15 to 29 minutes	23,475	11,670	11,805	155	75	80
30 to 44 minutes	5,880	2,960	2,915	40	25	10
45 to 59 minutes	1,245	650	600	10	0	0
60 minutes and over	1,375	830	550	75	45	35
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	52,410	25,855	26,555	670	325	350
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,070	1,355	715	55	40	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,225	4,835	3,390	120	50	70
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,545	7,830	7,715	190	105	80
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,520	5,290	7,240	165	75	95
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,035	2,620	3,415	75	25	45
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,010	3,925	4,085	70	25	45
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	64,780	31,875	32,905	965	430	530
Single responses	64,195	31,580	32,610	965	430	535
Official languages	63,925	31,440	32,490	955	425	535
English	63,255	31,230	32,030	955	425	535
French	670	210	460	0	0	0
Non-official languages	265	145	125	10	0	0
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	255	140	125	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	10	10	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	50	45	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	0	20	0	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	40	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	25	10	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	15	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	65	40	0	0	0
Chinese languages	100	65	40	0	0	0
Cantonese	25	20	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	40	35	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	590	290	300	0	0	0
English and French	400	200	195	0	0	0
English and non-official language	185	85	95	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	64,780	31,875	32,905	965	430	535
None	60,690	29,870	30,825	945	420	525
English	605	220	390	0	0	0
French	2,880	1,460	1,425	10	10	10
Non-official language	550	310	245	10	0	10
Aboriginal	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	540	305	235	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	15	25	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	113,275	53,940	59,335	1,865	820	1,045
Non-movers	93,630	44,370	49,265	1,690	740	950
Movers	19,645	9,570	10,075	180	85	95
Non-migrants	12,165	5,885	6,275	50	35	20
Migrants	7,480	3,685	3,795	120	50	70
Internal migrants	6,365	3,115	3,250	90	30	65
Intraprovincial migrants	4,765	2,325	2,435	45	15	30
Interprovincial migrants	1,600	790	815	50	15	30
External migrants	1,110	570	540	30	20	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	108,625	51,455	57,175	1,815	815	1,000
Non-movers	59,195	28,025	31,170	1,125	510	615
Movers	49,435	23,425	26,005	685	305	385
Non-migrants	27,555	13,120	14,440	240	115	125
Migrants	21,880	10,310	11,565	450	190	260
Internal migrants	18,505	8,650	9,850	410	160	250
Intraprovincial migrants	14,180	6,520	7,660	285	110	180
Interprovincial migrants	4,320	2,130	2,190	130	50	70
External migrants	3,370	1,660	1,715	35	30	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Kingston [Population centre], Ontario and Lunenburg [Population centre], Nova Scotia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kingston [Population centre], Ontario and Lunenburg [Population centre], Nova Scotia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Kingston [Population centre], Ontario and Lunenburg [Population centre], Nova Scotia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kingston [Population centre], Ontario and Lunenburg [Population centre], Nova Scotia