Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kingston [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Kingston Ontario [Population centre]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Kingston [Population centre], Ontario Map : Kingston [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	117,660	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	114,928 ^r	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.4	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	57,665	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	51,353	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,573.7	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	74.77	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	117,655	56,220	61,435	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	17,615	9,080	8,535	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	5,790	3,010	2,775	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	6,120	3,115	3,005	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	5,710	2,955	2,755	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	77,365	37,475	39,885	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	6,415	3,210	3,205	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	9,150	4,455	4,695	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	8,930	4,440	4,485	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	8,095	4,010	4,085	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	7,315	3,640	3,670	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	6,605	3,250	3,355	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	7,090	3,390	3,705	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	8,535	4,125	4,410	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	8,005	3,645	4,360	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	7,230	3,315	3,915	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	22,680	9,670	13,010	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	6,755	2,985	3,770	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	5,230	2,365	2,860	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	3,900	1,740	2,160	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	3,210	1,325	1,875	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	3,585	1,250	2,335	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	2,215	860	1,355	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	1,050	310	745	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	290	75	210	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	35	5	30	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	16.2	13.9	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	65.8	66.7	64.9	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	19.3	17.2	21.2	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	3.0	2.2	3.8	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	41.9	40.4	43.3	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	41.0	39.0	42.9	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	51,355	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	23,705	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	8,690	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	18,785	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,035	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	4,095	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,955	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,600	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	105	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	165	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	51,355	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	16,890	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	18,350	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	7,415	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	5,910	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	2,780	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,440	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	100,040	47,140	52,900	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	53,230	26,680	26,550	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	42,080	21,160	20,925	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	11,155	5,525	5,630	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	46,805	20,460	26,345	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	29,165	14,970	14,200	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	3,435	1,425	2,005	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	7,520	2,660	4,860	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	6,685	1,395	5,285	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	31,955	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	17,910	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	6,675	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	5,400	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	1,970	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	31,955	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	25,825	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	20,250	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	5,570	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	6,125	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	4,890	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	1,235	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	25,825	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	14,025	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	11,800	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	4,975	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	4,970	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	1,860	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	6,130	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	3,880	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	1,700	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	545	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,615	11,635	14,980	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	51,355	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	30,790	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	13,545	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	17,245	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	575	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	19,985	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	16,890	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	3,090	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	115,015	54,720	60,295	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	98,840	47,470	51,370	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	270	115	155	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	15,280	6,880	8,400	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	625	260	370	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	115,015	54,720	60,295	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	109,825	52,240	57,580	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	4,085	2,005	2,080	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	510	230	275	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	600	240	355	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	4,340	2,120	2,220	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.8	3.9	3.7	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	115,015	54,725	60,295	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	113,355	53,955	59,395	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	101,410	48,395	53,015	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	97,365	46,415	50,955	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	4,045	1,980	2,060	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	11,945	5,565	6,380	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	30	15	15	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	25	15	15	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	10	10	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	50	15	35
Plains Cree	0	0	0	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	50	20	35
Woods Cree	0	0	0	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	0	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	550	235	315
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ojibway	5	0	0	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	45	35
Salish languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	0	0	0	350	165	185
Stoney	0	0	0	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,920	5,550	6,365	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	880	460	425	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	5	5	5	340	190	145
Kabyle	5	0	0	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	15	5	10	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	0	0	0	315	185	130
Oromo	0	5	0	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	15	10	10	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Semitic languages	860	440	415	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	10	5	5	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	805	420	390	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	80	65
Harari	5	0	0	260	135	120
Hebrew	20	5	10	960	505	460
Maltese	5	5	5	75	30	40
Tigrigna	10	5	5	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	220	105	115	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	35	30	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	155	70	85	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	480	155	320	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	0	0	0	425	205	225
Cebuano	20	10	10	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	0	0	0	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	40	10	30	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	10	25
Malay	20	5	15	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	765	370	390
Pangasinan	0	0	0	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	380	130	255	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	980	430	550
Creole languages	40	20	25	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	40	15	20	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	220	115	100	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	15	10	5	535	270	265
Malayalam	80	35	40	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	100	55	40	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	25	15	10	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	7,325	3,435	3,895	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	25	10	10	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	20	10	10	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	1,080	470	610	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	35	15	20	1,010	475	535
Latvian	20	10	10	415	195	220
Lithuanian	15	10	5	600	285	315
Slavic languages	1,045	450	590	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	5	0	5	65	30	30
Bosnian	10	5	5	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	15	5	5	1,545	790	755
Croatian	40	15	25	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	105	40	60	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	15	10	10	360	185	175
Polish	385	165	225	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	240	105	135	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	60	30	30	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	970	480	485
Slovak	35	20	15	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	5	695	320	370
Ukrainian	115	50	65	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	215	120	100
Celtic languages	25	5	15	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	135	70	65
Welsh	10	5	10	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	65	40	25
Germanic languages	1,390	560	825	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	30	15	15	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	70	30	35	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	510	215	290	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	15	5	15	360	200	160
German	710	270	440	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	5	0	0	115	55	60
Norwegian	5	0	5	815	370	445
Swedish	25	10	20	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	320	150	170
Yiddish	5	0	5	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	55	30	25
Greek	315	155	165	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	1,620	855	770	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	1,180	625	555	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	195	100	90	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	170	85	80	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	200	115	85	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	5	0	0	105	60	50
Konkani	10	0	10	370	190	185
Marathi	20	15	10	1,510	775	730
Nepali	35	20	20	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	190	95	90	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	20	10	10	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	310	170	145	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	425	225	205	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	10	5	5	1,550	845	705
Pashto	15	10	5	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	400	210	190	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	2,850	1,365	1,485	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	10	5	5	75	30	45
Italian	500	250	250	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	1,415	690	725	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	85	35	55	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	830	390	445	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	95	30	65	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	10	5	5	230	130	105
Georgian	10	0	5	230	130	100
Korean	395	165	230	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	545	255	290
Mongolian	0	0	0	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	120	65	55	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	20	15
Edo	5	5	0	275	155	120
Ewe	5	0	0	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	230	120	100
Ga	0	5	0	145	80	65
Ganda	0	5	0	280	145	135
Igbo	5	5	0	1,165	625	540
Lingala	0	0	0	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	805	405	400
Shona	10	5	0	1,100	545	555
Swahili	15	5	10	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	0	0	0	280	165	110
Yoruba	15	10	5	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	0	0	0	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	30	20	10	830	440	390
American Sign Language	20	10	10	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,780	835	945	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	1,750	820	930	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	435	205	225	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	10	5	0	990	465	530
Mandarin	1,155	540	615	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	0	0	0	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	20	25	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	5	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	40	55	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	5	5	0	430	230	200
Karenic languages	20	10	15	795	415	380
Tibetan	5	5	0	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	5	0	5	1,020	485	535
Thai	15	5	10	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	80	45	35	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	365	215	155
Turkish	70	40	30	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	5	0	0	130	70	60
Uzbek	0	0	0	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	95	120
Uralic languages	195	80	120	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	25	10	20	190	90	105
Finnish	40	10	30	810	330	480
Hungarian	130	60	70	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	690	415	280
Multiple responses	1,660	765	895	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	580	265	315	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	940	440	500	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	85	40	45	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	60	20	35	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	115,015	54,720	60,295	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	112,495	53,570	58,925	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	107,690	51,315	56,375	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	105,625	50,290	55,340	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	2,065	1,020	1,040	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	4,805	2,255	2,545	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	10	5	5	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	5	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	190	95	95
Algonquin	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	0	0	0	175	85	85
Stoney	0	0	0	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,795	2,250	2,545	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	455	220	235	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	0	0	0	200	105	95
Kabyle	0	0	0	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	0	0	0	280	160	115
Oromo	0	0	0	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	5	0	0	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Semitic languages	455	220	235	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	0	0	0	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	445	220	230	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	95	50	40
Harari	0	0	0	165	80	85
Hebrew	5	5	5	460	235	225
Maltese	0	0	5	15	10	10
Tigrigna	0	5	0	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	50	65	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	960	460	500
Vietnamese	90	40	50	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	160	65	100	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	0	0	0	70	40	35
Cebuano	10	5	0	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	470	215	255
Ilocano	5	5	0	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malay	5	0	5	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	220	110	110
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	55	85	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	120	155
Creole languages	15	5	10	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	65	35	30	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	5	0	5	210	105	105
Malayalam	25	10	10	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	25	15	10	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	10	10	5	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	2,555	1,205	1,350	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	5	5	0	1,060	570	485
Armenian	10	5	5	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	320	145	175	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	5	0	5	410	210	200
Latvian	0	0	5	165	85	80
Lithuanian	5	5	0	250	125	120
Slavic languages	310	145	175	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	5	5	5	785	400	385
Bulgarian	5	5	0	825	415	405
Croatian	0	0	0	1,800	905	895
Czech	25	10	10	875	440	430
Macedonian	5	5	5	175	90	85
Polish	105	45	60	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	115	55	60	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	20	10	10	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	315	160	155
Slovak	5	5	5	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	150	70	75
Ukrainian	25	10	15	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Celtic languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	5
Welsh	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	120	55	70	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	15	5	10	1,705	835	875
Danish	10	5	5	150	75	75
Dutch	35	20	20	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	0	0	0	60	30	30
German	60	25	35	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	60	20	35
Swedish	5	0	0	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	60	30	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	210
Greek	135	65	65	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	820	410	410	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	560	270	290	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	120	60	60	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	75	35	40	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	85	45	40	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	20	25
Konkani	0	0	0	75	40	40
Marathi	5	0	5	845	440	405
Nepali	20	10	5	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	40	45	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	5	5	0	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	1,480	750	730
Urdu	150	70	80	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	255	135	125	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	10	5	5	850	440	410
Pashto	5	5	5	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	240	125	115	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	1,140	520	615	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	5	5	5	35	10	20
Italian	120	45	70	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	605	280	325	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	25	15	10	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	385	175	210	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	40	15	20	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	160	85	70
Georgian	5	5	0	160	85	70
Korean	245	110	135	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	335	160	175
Mongolian	0	0	0	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	845	415	430
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	70	35	35
Ewe	0	0	0	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	105	55	45
Ga	5	0	0	40	20	20
Ganda	0	0	0	95	50	50
Igbo	0	0	0	265	125	145
Lingala	0	0	0	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	175	170
Shona	0	5	0	410	190	225
Swahili	0	0	0	1,090	530	565
Wolof	0	0	0	170	95	75
Yoruba	5	0	5	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,525	765	755
Dinka	0	0	0	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	725	350	375
Sign languages	35	20	15	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	15	10	5	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	15	5	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,020	485	535	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	1,015	480	530	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	210	95	115	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	0	0	0	315	135	185
Mandarin	745	360	385	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	15	25	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	1,500	770	730
Burmese	0	0	0	280	145	130
Karenic languages	0	0	0	665	340	320
Tibetan	0	0	0	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	1,130	505	625
Lao	0	0	0	465	215	245
Thai	5	0	5	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	30	15	20	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	155	90	75
Turkish	30	10	15	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	45	40
Uzbek	0	0	0	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	25
Uralic languages	25	15	15	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Finnish	5	0	0	105	50	50
Hungarian	25	15	15	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	240	140	95
Multiple responses	2,520	1,155	1,365	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	420	200	220	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	1,980	905	1,075	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	35	10	20	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	95	30	55	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	115,015	54,720	60,295	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	104,490	49,825	54,660	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	3,230	1,560	1,665	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	2,625	1,155	1,470	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	4,425	2,055	2,370	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	40	20	15	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	4,390	2,035	2,350	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	75	40	40	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	50	30	25	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	115	55	60	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	96,840	45,465	51,375	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	93,505	43,815	49,685	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,531	39,801	30,717	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	93,535	43,815	49,715	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,381	35,704	28,067	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	83,745	39,630	44,110	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,708	38,986	27,400	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	70,025	30,540	39,485	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,038	4,222	6,808	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,550	33,390	34,155	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,722	34,552	27,572	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	96,830	45,450	51,375	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	93,450	43,795	49,650	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,990	51,058	39,637	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	93,470	43,800	49,675	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,946	42,457	33,968	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	83,765	39,505	44,255	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,677	51,131	37,023	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,110	30,505	39,600	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,785	7,089	8,322	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,675	33,355	34,315	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,511	45,792	35,377	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	96,825	45,450	51,375	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	31,180	16,450	14,725	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,176	58,935	48,828	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,176	67,015	54,653	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.9	90.1	83.3	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	65.3	68.0	62.3	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.1	10.0	16.7	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	96,840	45,460	51,375	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	3,335	1,650	1,690	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	93,505	43,815	49,685	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	96.6	96.4	96.7	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,140	5,430	6,710	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	16,555	6,630	9,920	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	12,970	5,205	7,765	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	10,860	4,725	6,135	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	9,570	4,295	5,265	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	7,535	3,600	3,930	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	6,185	3,435	2,750	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	4,565	2,605	1,960	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	3,660	2,080	1,580	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	2,695	1,485	1,205	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	6,775	4,315	2,460	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	4,780	2,930	1,845	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	1,995	1,390	610	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	96,840	45,465	51,375	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	3,310	1,645	1,660	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	93,530	43,815	49,710	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.4	96.8	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,655	5,525	7,135	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	17,325	6,945	10,375	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	14,940	6,130	8,810	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	12,795	5,670	7,120	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	10,815	4,990	5,825	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	8,090	4,425	3,670	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	5,885	3,435	2,450	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	4,085	2,260	1,825	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	6,940	4,440	2,500	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	2,425	1,405	1,025	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	1,310	830	480	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	3,205	2,205	1,000	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	96,840	45,465	51,375	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	29,290	12,070	17,215	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	67,550	33,390	34,155	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	69.8	73.4	66.5	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,990	5,325	5,665	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	5,955	2,615	3,340	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	9,055	4,025	5,025	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	7,235	3,280	3,955	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	6,510	3,010	3,500	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	6,190	2,800	3,385	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	4,900	2,375	2,530	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	4,290	2,475	1,820	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	3,230	1,895	1,335	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	9,200	5,595	3,600	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	2,730	1,535	1,195	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	2,090	1,125	965	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	4,375	2,930	1,445	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	51,355	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	65,464	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,942	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	16,890	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,000	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,654	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	34,460	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,694	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,447	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	51,335	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	81,896	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	69,089	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,870	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,789	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,752	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	34,470	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,566	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,935	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	51,355	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	795	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	840	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,835	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,115	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,360	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,265	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,280	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,315	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,210	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,235	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,310	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,825	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,430	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,200	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,765	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,575	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,155	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,415	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,565	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,440	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	51,355	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	825	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	855	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,855	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,220	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,625	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,495	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,710	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,680	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,750	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,680	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,925	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,375	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,865	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,315	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,700	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,470	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,660	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,725	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,085	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	31,895	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,388	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,564	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	13,265	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,300	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,827	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	11,920	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,495	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,379	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,825	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,742	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,970	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	31,985	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,708	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,370	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	13,320	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,083	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,697	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	11,845	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	130,846	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,493	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,860	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,383	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,893	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	24,415	10,735	13,685	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,423	28,657	29,948	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,309	26,534	27,895	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	24,100	10,605	13,500	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,466	38,670	40,091	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,868	32,992	34,555	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	114,440	54,540	59,900	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	57,810	26,740	31,065	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	13,725	6,410	7,310	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	11,395	5,040	6,355	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	10,615	4,875	5,745	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	11,105	5,195	5,910	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	10,965	5,215	5,750	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	56,640	27,800	28,835	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	11,370	5,440	5,935	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	11,550	5,655	5,900	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	12,155	6,020	6,130	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	11,875	5,840	6,035	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	9,675	4,845	4,835	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	114,440	54,540	59,905	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	21,120	10,885	10,235	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	6,990	3,645	3,345	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	72,645	34,665	37,975	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	20,675	8,985	11,695	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,730	7,940	9,785	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	3,825	1,940	1,890	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	1,465	740	725	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	11,905	5,355	6,550	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	1,995	640	1,355	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	14.6	16.3	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	18.1	17.8	18.5	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	21.0	20.3	21.7	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	16.4	15.4	17.2	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	9.6	7.1	11.6	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,550	5,470	6,080	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	1,935	970	965	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	755	370	390	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	9,185	4,320	4,865	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	425	180	245	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.1	10.0	10.1	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2	8.9	9.4	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.8	10.2	11.7	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.5	12.8	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	2.1	2.0	2.1	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	114,425	54,515	59,905	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	113,790	54,235	59,555	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	113,525	54,095	59,430	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	15,495	7,100	8,395	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	16,480	7,655	8,830	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	70	10	60	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	50	10	40	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	25	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	0	10	25	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	90	20	70
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	10	45	25	25
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	35	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	955	425	530
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway	15	10	10	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	15	10
Dene	0	0	10	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	15	0	15	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	15	0	15	35	25	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	145	75	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	0	0	0	530	285	245
Stoney	0	0	0	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	16,420	7,645	8,775	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,275	685	590	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	0	0	0	540	335	205
Kabyle	0	0	0	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	20	20	0	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	0	0	0	370	235	135
Oromo	10	0	0	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	15	15	0	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	40
Semitic languages	1,265	670	590	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	20	0	10	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	1,125	595	525	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	70	75
Harari	0	0	0	340	150	185
Hebrew	100	55	35	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	10	0	15	145	85	55
Tigrigna	15	0	10	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	285	130	155	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	30	40	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	225	105	120	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	600	190	415	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	0	0	10	330	150	180
Cebuano	20	15	0	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	0	0	0	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	0	0	10	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	35	10	30	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	0	0	0	80	40	40
Malay	70	35	30	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	0	0	0	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	520	145	375	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	0	10	10	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	50	25	20	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	0	0	10	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	325	180	145	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	15	10	10	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	75	30	45	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	185	105	80	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	60	30	20	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	10,715	4,990	5,725	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	55	20	30	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	45	20	15	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	1,365	610	755	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	50	15	35	1,360	660	705
Latvian	20	10	20	590	300	290
Lithuanian	20	10	10	775	360	415
Slavic languages	1,325	600	725	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	0	10	0	200	95	105
Bosnian	15	10	10	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	10	0	10	1,795	945	850
Croatian	55	30	20	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	165	75	90	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	15	0	0	535	270	265
Polish	470	205	265	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	400	190	210	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	90	35	55	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	35	10	25	1,095	550	540
Slovak	60	25	35	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	10	735	360	375
Ukrainian	145	70	75	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	250	120	130
Celtic languages	50	25	25	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	10	440	215	225
Welsh	20	15	10	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	450	220	225
Germanic languages	2,300	965	1,340	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	45	25	25	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	70	25	45	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	610	250	365	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	20	10	10	475	275	205
German	1,575	670	905	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	10	10	0	160	70	95
Norwegian	15	10	10	1,450	635	810
Swedish	60	25	35	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	380	170	215
Yiddish	10	10	10	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	425	220	205	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	2,075	1,100	975	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	1,590	840	750	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	245	145	105	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	260	135	125	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	735	385	350	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	10	0	0	125	80	45
Konkani	15	10	10	625	300	320
Marathi	30	10	25	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	25	10	15	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	315	170	145	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	45	25	20	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	25	30	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	475	260	215	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	515	275	240	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	30	20	10	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	50	20	30	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	460	245	215	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	4,800	2,200	2,595	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	10	10	0	170	95	80
Italian	905	425	475	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	1,865	925	935	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	90	40	45	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	2,170	895	1,275	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	250	130	125
Japanese	160	80	85	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	10	10	0	225	130	100
Georgian	0	10	10	230	130	100
Korean	475	225	250	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	800	375	430
Mongolian	0	0	0	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	260	120	140	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	75	30	45	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	0	0	0	60	30	30
Edo	0	0	0	620	325	290
Ewe	0	0	0	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	300	165	135
Ga	15	10	10	345	190	155
Ganda	10	10	0	610	305	305
Igbo	10	10	0	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	0	0	0	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,155	605	550
Shona	10	0	10	1,810	850	960
Swahili	60	30	30	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	0	10	0	600	365	235
Yoruba	45	20	25	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	20	35	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	10	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	0	0	0	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	205	75	130	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	145	40	100	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,105	1,000	1,100	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	2,080	980	1,090	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	610	280	335	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	10	0	10	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	1,450	685	765	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	0	0	0	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	85	40	45	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	20	30	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	150	65	80	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	25	0	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	20	10	0	605	305	295
Karenic languages	20	15	10	805	415	390
Tibetan	0	0	0	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	25	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	0	0	0	1,520	730	795
Thai	40	10	25	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	150	80	70	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	0	10	10	630	325	300
Turkish	145	75	65	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	0	0	0	290	135	155
Uzbek	0	0	0	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	170	180
Uralic languages	210	80	125	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	25	10	25	185	85	105
Finnish	75	35	40	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	105	45	65	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	114,425	54,520	59,905	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	109,515	52,145	57,365	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,600	10,600	10,000	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,915	41,545	47,365	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	4,910	2,370	2,540	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	114,420	54,515	59,905	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	97,700	46,640	51,055	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	15,105	7,025	8,085	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	6,860	3,115	3,745	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	1,605	770	830	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	1,975	965	1,015	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	3,040	1,410	1,625	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	1,470	690	780	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	1,565	720	850	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,630	765	860	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,615	855	765	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	15,110	7,025	8,085	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	1,775	835	940	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	3,115	1,545	1,570	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	3,360	1,390	1,970	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	5,910	2,810	3,095	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	940	440	505	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	15,105	7,020	8,085	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	2,330	1,025	1,305	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	90	35	55	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	70	20	55	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	170	80	90	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	80	30	55	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	20	0	15	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	175	95	80	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	120	55	65	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	30	0	25	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	85	35	45	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,150	495	655	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	330	170	160	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	6,975	3,195	3,780	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	10	25	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	30	20	10	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	115	60	50	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	630	230	400	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	170	105	70	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	65	40	30	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	90	50	45	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	375	190	185	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	510	230	285	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	280	125	150	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	1,085	545	540	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	75	40	35	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	115	30	80	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	55	25	30	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	85	45	45	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,665	1,210	1,450	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	590	240	345	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	1,030	525	505	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	30	15	20	1,340	715	625
Egypt	240	140	105	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	20	15	10	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	65	30	35	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	55	20	35	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	60	30	30	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	10	0	0	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	115	60	55	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	430	205	225	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	4,645	2,200	2,450	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	35	15	20	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	115	75	45	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	945	410	535	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	115	50	70	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	720	350	375	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	285	165	125	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	85	55	30	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	75	20	55	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	330	165	160	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	70	45	25	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	340	175	165	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	530	180	355	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	140	70	70	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	45	25	20	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	70	30	30	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	155	70	80	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	585	295	290	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	125	80	45	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,630	765	865	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	275	140	135	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	55	25	30	860	370	490
Colombia	0	0	0	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	10	10	0	465	215	255
Haiti	0	0	10	385	240	150
Jamaica	0	0	0	1,660	765	895
Mexico	45	25	25	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	100	50	50	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	20	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	180	85	95	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	10	0	10	425	240	180
Germany	15	10	10	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	10	10	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	715	365	350
Romania	0	0	0	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	10	0	10	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	70	30	35	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	60	30	30	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	205	105	105	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	10	0	0	255	115	135
Cameroon	20	10	10	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	20	420	210	210
Egypt	45	30	20	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	10	10	10	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	20	10	10	515	265	250
Nigeria	25	15	10	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	0	0	0	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	10	0	0	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	40	25	15	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	960	430	525	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	0	0	0	810	435	375
Bangladesh	20	15	10	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	190	80	110	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	750	305	450
India	130	65	65	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	110	55	55	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	30	15	15	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	0	0	0	480	250	230
Japan	15	10	0	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	20	25	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	0	10	0	1,470	755	710
Nepal	15	10	10	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	40	15	25	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	140	40	95	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	40	20	25	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	35	15	20	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	15	15	0	505	165	340
Turkey	15	10	10	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	15	10	10	810	430	375
Viet Nam	25	0	20	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	70	35	30	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	0	0	0	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	0	10	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	114,420	54,520	59,905	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	17,795	8,435	9,365	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	19,000	9,220	9,775	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	77,625	36,860	40,760	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	8,445	3,990	4,455	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	4,770	2,390	2,380	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,865	1,215	650	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	2,910	1,170	1,735	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,590	1,010	1,580	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,050	570	485	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	25	20	0	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	114,420	54,520	59,905	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	4,210	1,935	2,280	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	4,035	1,845	2,190	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	2,630	1,215	1,420	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	1,365	605	755	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	40	20	20	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	95	50	45	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	85	40	45	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	110,210	52,580	57,630	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	114,420	54,520	59,905	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,150	580	575	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,270	53,940	59,330	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	114,420	54,515	59,905	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	835	395	445	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	820	395	425	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	645	290	350	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	165	95	70	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	0	15	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	5,710	2,760	2,945	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	5,565	2,700	2,865	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,155	1,980	2,175	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,365	700	665	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	25	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	145	60	90	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	80	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	107,880	51,365	56,515	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	114,425	54,515	59,905	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	11,595	5,775	5,820	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,395	1,270	1,125	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	2,495	1,200	1,300	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	1,775	935	840	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	770	305	460	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	915	395	520	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	1,010	555	460	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	520	235	290	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	450	250	200	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	505	255	250	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	175	65	110	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	140	75	65	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	445	235	210	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	102,830	48,740	54,085	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	114,420	54,520	59,905	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	6,545	3,155	3,390	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,955	2,330	2,620	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	70	35	35	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	1,685	855	830	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	42,125	20,110	22,010	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	360	185	170	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	1,745	845	900	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	40,775	19,460	21,315	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	110	50	60	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	190	115	70
Ontarian	10	10	0	110	65	45
Québécois	45	25	20	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	10	415	210	205
European origins	85,075	39,900	45,175	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	65,595	30,585	35,005	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	30	15	15	225	115	115
Cornish	15	10	10	210	90	115
English	36,295	16,690	19,605	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	31,800	14,425	17,375	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	35	15	25	945	450	495
Scottish	28,010	13,010	14,995	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	2,685	1,150	1,540	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	4,245	1,885	2,355	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	16,620	7,760	8,865	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	0	0	0	200	120	80
Breton	0	0	0	60	25	35
Corsican	10	0	0	125	65	70
French	16,605	7,750	8,860	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	18,385	8,445	9,940	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	655	305	345	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	10	0	0	110	60	55
Belgian	405	210	200	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	6,400	2,940	3,455	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	50	35	20	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	25	10	15	685	380	305
German	11,990	5,505	6,485	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	0	0	0	680	355	320
Swiss	405	205	200	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	3,625	1,740	1,885	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	935	455	480	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	670	330	335	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	250	135	120	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	940	490	450	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	950	360	585	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	160	105	60	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	8,685	3,955	4,730	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	40	20	20	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	30	15	15	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	480	220	260	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	110	55	55	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	140	50	85	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	920	460	455	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	160	50	115	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	235	120	120	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	15	10	10	1,585	790	790
Polish	3,415	1,560	1,850	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	420	210	210	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	1,125	495	635	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	305	130	170	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	2,590	1,185	1,410	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	65	30	35	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	9,755	4,840	4,910	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	55	20	35	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	40	20	20	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	0	0	0	85	55	25
Croatian	275	175	100	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	20	15	10	160	90	70
Greek	895	470	425	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	4,075	2,020	2,050	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	10	0	10	420	210	210
Macedonian	55	25	30	1,015	485	535
Maltese	90	50	40	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	10	10	0	290	185	105
Portuguese	3,255	1,680	1,580	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	170	75	95	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	40	20	20	330	160	170
Slovenian	95	40	50	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	1,070	455	615	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	140	60	75	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	10	245	120	125
Other European origins	675	330	350	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	0	0	0	425	210	215
Jewish	345	170	180	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	30	0	25	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	25	15	0	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	270	140	135	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	1,100	550	555	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	0	10	0	455	265	190
Bahamian	10	0	0	310	180	130
Barbadian	130	65	70	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	15	10	10	210	120	90
Carib	0	0	0	135	45	85
Cuban	100	45	55	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	30	25	10	930	530	395
Grenadian	10	10	10	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	45	25	25	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	530	285	245	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	0	95	65	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	10	0	0	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	0	0	10	460	225	240
St. Lucian	40	25	15	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	110	50	60	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	10	15	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	60	45	20	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	45	15	30	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,375	650	720	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	70	25	45	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	0	0	0	105	30	70
Argentinian	30	25	10	1,385	705	680
Belizean	0	0	0	445	250	190
Bolivian	20	10	0	590	305	285
Brazilian	145	65	80	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	30	10	20	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	125	30	95	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	40	0	40	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	20	20	0	890	405	485
Guatemalan	60	30	30	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	110	50	55	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	20	0	20	1,785	905	885
Honduran	40	15	20	760	405	355
Maya	25	10	15	580	310	275
Mexican	275	155	120	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	55	35	20	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	0	0	0	320	150	170
Paraguayan	10	0	0	340	155	190
Peruvian	30	0	25	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	170	85	85	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	0	0	10	315	180	135
Venezuelan	70	60	15	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	95	30	70	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	2,075	1,035	1,040	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	405	185	220	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	15	0	15	130	80	50
Angolan	10	0	0	295	155	140
Ashanti	0	0	0	130	70	55
Beninese	0	0	0	200	90	105
Burkinabe	10	0	0	100	50	50
Cameroonian	70	35	35	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	0	0	0	75	55	20
Congolese	20	10	10	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	0	0	0	555	320	235
Ewe	0	0	0	125	70	55
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gambian	0	0	0	110	60	50
Ghanaian	85	30	55	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	0	0	0	455	235	215
Ibo	20	15	0	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	10	10	0	655	355	295
Liberian	10	0	15	1,040	495	540
Malian	0	0	0	70	45	25
Malinké	20	0	15	95	55	45
Nigerian	65	40	35	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	0	0	0	105	70	35
Senegalese	0	10	0	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	10	10	10	740	395	345
Togolese	15	10	15	150	70	80
Wolof	0	0	0	70	45	25
Yoruba	25	20	0	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	45	25	15	1,865	985	875
North African origins	790	380	410	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	35	15	15	1,620	805	815
Berber	50	15	35	685	415	270
Coptic	10	0	0	225	115	110
Dinka	0	0	0	565	320	250
Egyptian	440	225	215	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	40	20	25	1,300	665	635
Maure	0	0	0	95	70	25
Moroccan	115	40	70	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	50	30	25	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	50	20	25	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	35	20	15	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	430	240	190	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	0	0	0	315	155	160
Amhara	0	0	0	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	700	395	310
Burundian	25	20	10	975	555	420
Djiboutian	10	15	0	170	90	75
Eritrean	30	15	15	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	20	15	0	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	0	0	0	165	85	80
Kenyan	55	35	20	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	0	0	0	125	55	70
Mauritian	0	0	0	550	310	235
Oromo	10	0	0	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	0	0	0	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	10	0	10	35	25	10
Somali	35	30	10	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	195	100	100	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	15	0	10	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	0	0	10	700	380	320
Ugandan	30	20	10	1,155	645	510
Zambian	10	0	10	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	0	0	0	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	15	10	10	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	495	245	250	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	85	35	45	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	440	220	215	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	9,285	4,640	4,645	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,980	1,105	870	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	75	40	35	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	400	220	180	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	100	45	50	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	0	0	0	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	15	15	10	615	280	335
Georgian	0	0	0	400	230	165
Hazara	0	0	0	365	190	170
Iranian	550	320	230	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	95	60	35	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	50	25	25	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	35	15	15	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	0	0	0	565	260	310
Kurd	30	20	15	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	200	110	90
Lebanese	285	150	135	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	105	65	40	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	10	0	0	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	110	50	60	390	205	180
Syrian	100	55	45	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	0	0	10	265	160	105
Tatar	0	0	0	530	215	315
Turk	165	100	70	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	20	10	10	105	55	50
Uighur	0	0	0	270	125	140
Uzbek	0	0	10	485	225	260
Yemeni	0	0	0	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	30	25	10	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	2,600	1,390	1,210	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	95	40	50	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	45	15	30	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	0	0	0	815	410	400
East Indian	1,810	985	830	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	35	20	15	495	265	225
Gujarati	0	0	0	855	445	410
Kashmiri	35	15	25	720	355	365
Nepali	15	10	10	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	370	190	180	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	70	30	35	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	20	10	10	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	165	90	75	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	40	35	10	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	75	45	30	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	4,850	2,250	2,600	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	10	0	0	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	95	40	60	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	2,870	1,375	1,495	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	880	355	520	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	30	25	0	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	225	100	130	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	25	15	10	740	390	345
Korean	530	260	270	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	10	0	0	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	40	10	30	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	10	0	0	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	0	0	10	370	180	190
Taiwanese	40	30	0	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	55	20	40	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	0	0	0	965	500	465
Vietnamese	280	140	140	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	50	15	35	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	50	10	35	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	265	150	120	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	190	115	70	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	40	25	20	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	35	10	25	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	0	0	0	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	10	0	10	425	190	235
Maori	10	10	0	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	10	10	205	105	95
Samoan	0	0	0	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	10	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	51,335	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	29,495	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	21,840	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	51,335	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	3,620	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	47,715	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	51,340	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	275	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	7,055	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,860	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,335	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,815	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	51,335	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,795	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	7,750	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	7,370	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	6,845	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,575	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	51,335	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	51,075	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	260	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	51,335	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	49,705	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	1,630	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	51,335	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	11,230	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,765	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,375	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,865	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,280	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,185	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,645	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	51,340	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	48,285	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,055	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	51,340	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	31,005	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	19,000	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,330	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	51,340	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,080	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,405	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,620	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,140	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,200	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,430	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,435	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	2,030	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	51,295	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,520	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	14,775	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,915	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,500	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	59.4	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.3	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,222	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,289	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,757	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	338,939	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,840	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.9	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	48.5	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	994	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,061	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	96,825	45,455	51,375	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,360	6,750	6,615	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	27,250	13,790	13,465	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,215	24,910	31,300	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,140	3,525	1,620	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,505	1,445	1,055	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,635	2,075	560	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	23,275	8,780	14,490	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,335	470	870	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	26,460	12,135	14,325	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	15,420	6,450	8,965	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,305	540	760	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,220	685	545	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	5,920	2,710	3,205	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,585	1,745	845	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	60,690	28,810	31,880	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,740	2,650	2,090	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	14,875	8,065	6,805	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,080	18,090	22,990	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,305	2,235	1,070	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,685	950	740	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,620	1,285	335	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,345	6,790	10,555	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	765	315	445	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	19,670	8,745	10,925	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	11,125	4,560	6,565	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	880	370	515	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,060	545	515	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	4,725	2,110	2,610	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,880	1,165	715	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	96,825	45,450	51,375	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	40,610	20,535	20,075	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	3,740	975	2,765	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	3,740	975	2,765	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,015	810	1,210	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	340	280	60	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	1,680	530	1,150	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	3,885	1,610	2,270	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	315	85	230	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	1,135	315	820	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	710	315	390	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	25	25	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	290	140	145	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	350	195	150	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	845	500	345	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	190	30	160	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,895	2,655	5,240	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	40	110	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	595	220	375	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,415	145	1,265	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	1,025	365	660	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	575	125	455	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	1,515	400	1,120	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	2,620	1,365	1,255	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	9,200	3,415	5,780	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	10	10	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,230	275	955	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,960	3,135	4,820	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,025	1,625	1,400	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,585	660	925	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	140	160	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	25	10	15	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	1,045	770	275	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	40	30	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,220	1,445	775	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,610	1,125	480	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	140	30	115	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	445	270	170	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	15	0	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,405	7,610	795	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	300	200	100	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	2,655	2,180	475	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,010	1,865	140	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	1,715	1,690	20	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,210	1,185	25	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	515	490	30	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	600	360	240	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	295	165	130	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	310	195	105	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	11,275	2,300	8,975	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	785	395	390	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	9,985	1,600	8,385	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	510	310	200	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,940	2,105	1,840	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	2,035	650	1,385	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	155	140	15	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	140	135	10	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	1,310	885	420	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	305	295	15	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	0	0	0	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	60,690	28,810	31,885	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	19,615	10,720	8,890	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	2,440	625	1,815	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	2,440	630	1,815	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,455	545	905	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	240	195	45	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	1,215	350	860	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	2,455	1,070	1,390	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	200	50	155	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	660	175	485	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	430	205	220	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	25	0	15	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	110	90	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	135	80	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	610	365	240	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	120	15	100	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,135	2,000	4,135	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	40	75	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	475	200	275	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,080	95	990	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	835	255	580	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	460	85	375	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	1,175	300	875	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	2,000	1,025	975	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	6,875	2,575	4,300	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	925	210	720	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,945	2,365	3,580	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,165	1,040	1,125	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,225	475	755	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	95	125	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	10	10	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	665	450	215	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	15	25	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,740	1,155	590	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,360	950	410	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	85	15	70	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	270	165	105	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	20	10	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,940	5,265	675	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	225	145	80	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	1,960	1,555	410	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,500	1,375	120	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	1,155	1,135	20	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	735	720	20	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	360	335	25	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	460	265	195	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	210	110	100	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	155	95	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	8,320	1,845	6,475	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	570	320	250	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	7,345	1,305	6,045	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	410	225	180	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,100	1,715	1,380	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	1,505	500	1,000	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	130	120	10	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	105	10	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	1,105	755	350	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	230	10	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	0	0	0	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	96,825	45,455	51,375	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,610	20,535	20,075	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	56,215	24,915	31,305	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	49,645	21,680	27,970	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	43,540	18,965	24,580	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	6,105	2,710	3,395	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,570	3,235	3,330	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,545	835	705	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	315	65	245	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	410	190	215	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,125	670	455	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	410	215	200	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	115	65	55	2,150	1,275	875
Other	2,655	1,195	1,460	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	60,695	28,810	31,880	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,610	10,720	8,890	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	41,080	18,090	22,990	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	36,630	16,005	20,625	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	32,235	14,110	18,125	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	4,390	1,895	2,495	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,450	2,085	2,360	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,020	500	520	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	235	50	185	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	300	135	165	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	510	315	190	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	355	185	165	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	70	45	30	1,870	1,105	765
Other	1,960	860	1,105	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	96,825	45,450	51,375	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	60,560	29,930	30,620	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	55,640	27,410	28,235	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	4,915	2,525	2,390	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	36,270	15,520	20,750	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	62.5	65.9	59.6	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	57.5	60.3	55.0	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.4	7.8	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	96,825	45,450	51,375	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	33,735	14,335	19,405	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	63,090	31,115	31,975	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	31,780	16,840	14,940	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	31,310	14,275	17,035	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	42.9	42.2	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	60,555	29,935	30,620	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,560	795	765	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	58,990	29,135	29,855	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	54,185	26,375	27,810	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	4,805	2,755	2,045	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	60,560	29,930	30,625	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,565	795	765	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	58,990	29,135	29,860	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	5,330	3,275	2,055	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,935	2,250	5,685	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,315	2,650	670	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	6,110	1,580	4,530	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	11,465	5,040	6,425	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,825	775	1,050	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	15,850	6,960	8,890	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,440	5,200	240	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	625	510	115	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,090	900	195	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	60,555	29,935	30,620	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,565	795	765	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	58,990	29,135	29,860	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	150	90	60	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	90	10	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	355	290	70	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	2,995	2,730	270	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	2,200	1,695	505	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	1,050	775	270	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	6,955	3,320	3,640	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,420	1,115	305	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	940	515	425	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	1,700	645	1,050	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,030	550	480	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,835	1,515	1,315	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	10	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,795	1,660	1,135	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	7,955	3,230	4,720	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	9,725	2,245	7,480	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,385	645	745	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	5,955	2,610	3,345	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,230	940	1,290	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	7,200	4,460	2,740	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	55,640	27,405	28,230	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	2,970	1,380	1,595	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	260	175	85	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	4,920	3,475	1,440	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	47,495	22,375	25,120	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	47,495	22,375	25,120	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	40,535	18,680	21,855	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	385	240	150	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,385	3,330	3,050	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	195	120	70	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	52,410	25,850	26,560	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	36,965	19,080	17,885	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,840	1,405	2,430	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	4,655	1,870	2,780	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	5,055	2,410	2,640	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	1,305	790	510	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	595	290	305	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	52,410	25,850	26,555	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	20,430	9,740	10,690	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	23,475	11,670	11,805	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	5,880	2,960	2,915	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	1,245	650	600	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	1,375	830	550	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	52,410	25,855	26,555	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,070	1,355	715	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,225	4,835	3,390	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,545	7,830	7,715	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,520	5,290	7,240	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,035	2,620	3,415	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,010	3,925	4,085	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	64,780	31,875	32,905	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	64,195	31,580	32,610	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	63,925	31,440	32,490	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	63,255	31,230	32,030	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	670	210	460	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	265	145	125	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	10	0	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	255	140	125	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	840	530	305
Amharic	0	0	0	85	50	35
Arabic	10	0	10	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	10	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	50	45	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	0	0	0	220	135	85
Russian	10	10	0	275	120	160
Serbian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	0	20	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	0	15	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	135	30
Greek	0	0	0	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	10	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	10	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	0	0	0	25	10	15
Gujarati	10	0	10	75	15	60
Hindi	0	0	0	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	0	0	0	155	50	100
Iranian languages	0	0	0	200	130	70
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	40	15	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Portuguese	25	25	10	140	70	70
Romanian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Spanish	30	15	15	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	15	10	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	10	230	120	115
American Sign Language	10	0	10	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	65	40	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	100	65	40	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	25	20	0	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	75	40	35	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	45	30	20
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	125	60	65
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	590	290	300	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	400	200	195	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	185	85	95	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	0	0	0	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	0	0	10	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	64,780	31,875	32,905	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	60,690	29,870	30,825	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	605	220	390	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	2,880	1,460	1,425	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	550	310	245	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	0	0	10	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	540	305	235	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	0	0	0	30	15	15
English and non-official language	10	10	0	215	105	110
French and non-official language	40	15	25	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	113,275	53,940	59,335	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	93,630	44,370	49,265	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	19,645	9,570	10,075	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	12,165	5,885	6,275	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	7,480	3,685	3,795	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	6,365	3,115	3,250	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	4,765	2,325	2,435	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	1,600	790	815	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	1,110	570	540	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	108,625	51,455	57,175	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	59,195	28,025	31,170	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	49,435	23,425	26,005	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	27,555	13,120	14,440	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	21,880	10,310	11,565	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	18,505	8,650	9,850	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	14,180	6,520	7,660	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	4,320	2,130	2,190	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	3,370	1,660	1,715	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Kingston [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 13, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kingston [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Kingston [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kingston [Population centre], Ontario and Alberta [Province]