Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kitchener [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Kitchener Ontario [Population centre]			Ontario [Province]
	Data quality , Kitchener [Population centre], Ontario Map : Kitchener [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Ontario [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	470,015	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	446,295 ^r	...	...	12,851,821	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.3	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	191,637	...	...	5,598,391	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	181,511	...	...	5,169,174	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,745.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	269.23	...	...	908,699.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	470,010	231,990	238,025	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105
0 to 14 years	81,770	41,770	39,995	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350
0 to 4 years	26,100	13,390	12,710	697,360	357,300	340,055
5 to 9 years	28,040	14,330	13,710	756,085	387,320	368,765
10 to 14 years	27,620	14,050	13,575	754,530	387,000	367,530
15 to 64 years	321,695	160,345	161,350	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750
15 to 19 years	29,160	14,930	14,230	811,670	416,730	394,945
20 to 24 years	35,985	18,785	17,200	894,390	457,815	436,570
25 to 29 years	34,365	17,400	16,960	874,350	436,345	438,010
30 to 34 years	32,910	16,370	16,540	864,765	420,800	443,965
35 to 39 years	31,080	15,340	15,740	842,485	402,900	439,585
40 to 44 years	31,575	15,450	16,120	871,875	418,465	453,415
45 to 49 years	32,925	16,180	16,745	937,385	453,105	484,275
50 to 54 years	35,495	17,525	17,970	1,056,345	517,170	539,175
55 to 59 years	31,780	15,700	16,080	989,460	482,280	507,180
60 to 64 years	26,420	12,665	13,765	846,145	406,505	439,640
65 years and over	66,550	29,880	36,675	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000
65 to 69 years	21,945	10,475	11,470	737,745	352,475	385,270
70 to 74 years	15,530	7,170	8,360	528,645	250,455	278,185
75 to 79 years	11,565	5,335	6,225	393,010	179,810	213,195
80 to 84 years	8,515	3,650	4,865	291,185	126,825	164,360
85 years and over	8,995	3,250	5,750	301,075	106,090	194,985
85 to 89 years	5,665	2,130	3,530	188,470	73,045	115,425
90 to 94 years	2,720	995	1,730	88,390	27,400	60,990
95 to 99 years	530	120	420	21,210	5,150	16,060
100 years and over	75	5	70	3,005	495	2,520
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.4	18.0	16.8	16.4	17.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	68.4	69.1	67.8	66.8	67.3	66.4
65 years and over	14.2	12.9	15.4	16.7	15.5	17.9
85 years and over	1.9	1.4	2.4	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	39.1	38.1	40.0	41.0	40.0	41.9
Median age of the population	38.3	37.1	39.5	41.3	40.2	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	181,510	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Single-detached house	95,615	...	...	2,807,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	21,945	...	...	886,705	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	63,785	...	...	1,460,200	...	...
Semi-detached house	11,140	...	...	289,975	...	...
Row house	21,885	...	...	460,425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,580	...	...	176,080	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	24,915	...	...	522,810	...	...
Other single-attached house	270	...	...	10,910	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	165	...	...	14,890	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	181,510	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 person	45,985	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
2 persons	59,700	...	...	1,693,525	...	...
3 persons	30,315	...	...	834,260	...	...
4 persons	29,105	...	...	796,320	...	...
5 or more persons	16,405	...	...	503,775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	463,210	...	...	13,242,160	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	388,250	190,220	198,030	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750
Married or living common law	222,075	110,910	111,170	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795
Married	186,790	93,295	93,500	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655
Living common law	35,280	17,615	17,670	906,155	455,015	451,145
Not married and not living common law	166,170	79,315	86,865	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955
Never married	112,005	61,395	50,610	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605
Separated	12,230	5,155	7,070	328,675	138,140	190,535
Divorced	22,545	8,670	13,870	653,835	252,900	400,935
Widowed	19,395	4,090	15,310	637,150	128,265	508,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	131,175	...	...	3,782,540	...	...
2 persons	62,065	...	...	1,815,000	...	...
3 persons	29,540	...	...	844,545	...	...
4 persons	28,020	...	...	792,435	...	...
5 or more persons	11,560	...	...	330,560	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	131,175	...	...	3,782,545	...	...
Total couple families	108,810	...	...	3,137,570	...	...
Married couples	91,170	...	...	2,684,735	...	...
Common-law couples	17,635	...	...	452,840	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	22,365	...	...	644,975	...	...
Female parent	17,890	...	...	518,480	...	...
Male parent	4,475	...	...	126,495	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	108,810	...	...	3,137,565	...	...
Couples without children	48,910	...	...	1,428,575	...	...
Couples with children	59,900	...	...	1,708,995	...	...
1 child	22,835	...	...	658,305	...	...
2 children	26,130	...	...	738,710	...	...
3 or more children	10,940	...	...	311,975	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	22,370	...	...	644,975	...	...
1 child	13,150	...	...	386,425	...	...
2 children	6,700	...	...	186,240	...	...
3 or more children	2,515	...	...	72,310	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	76,580	38,460	38,120	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	181,515	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One-census-family households	123,100	...	...	3,481,885	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	45,685	...	...	1,311,575	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	77,415	...	...	2,170,315	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	3,960	...	...	145,615	...	...
Non-census-family households	54,455	...	...	1,541,665	...	...
One-person households	45,985	...	...	1,341,305	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	8,465	...	...	200,365	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	465,000	229,970	235,030	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
English only	424,630	212,640	211,990	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665
French only	205	75	130	40,040	17,340	22,705
English and French	31,710	13,820	17,895	1,490,390	665,850	824,540
Neither English nor French	8,455	3,435	5,020	326,935	130,850	196,085
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	465,000	229,970	235,030	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995
English	448,830	222,860	225,970	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355
French	5,345	2,525	2,815	504,130	236,875	267,250
English and French	2,520	1,215	1,305	92,940	42,910	50,030
Neither English nor French	8,305	3,365	4,935	321,480	128,125	193,355
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	6,605	3,140	3,470	550,600	258,330	292,270
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.4	1.5	4.1	4.0	4.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	465,000	229,970	235,035	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	455,495	225,285	230,205	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330
Official languages	342,995	170,445	172,555	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520
English	337,555	167,845	169,715	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110
French	5,440	2,595	2,840	490,715	231,310	259,410
Non-official languages	112,500	54,845	57,655	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810
Aboriginal languages	25	10	20	22,765	10,815	11,950
Algonquian languages	20	5	10	21,235	10,175	11,060
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	10	5,080	2,485	2,595
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	85	40	45
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	55	25	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	5	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	355	135	225
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	4,500	2,255	2,245
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	90	40	50
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	85	35	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	16,025	7,620	8,400
Algonquin	5	0	0	65	30	35
Ojibway	10	0	5	9,505	4,515	4,985
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,310	3,015	3,300
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	145	65	80
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	30	20	10
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	20	40
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	55	20	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dene	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	5	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	475	165	305
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	425	145	280
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	710	300	410
Cayuga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mohawk	5	0	0	590	255	335
Oneida	0	0	0	55	15	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	15	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	5	0	235	130	105
Non-Aboriginal languages	112,470	54,835	57,635	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	9,805	4,970	4,835	253,830	127,720	126,110
Berber languages	25	10	10	725	405	320
Kabyle	25	15	10	425	225	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	305	180	120
Cushitic languages	1,205	580	630	24,605	10,730	13,870
Bilen	100	55	45	250	140	110
Oromo	85	40	45	1,445	720	730
Somali	985	460	525	22,680	9,755	12,925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	225	115	110
Semitic languages	8,570	4,375	4,200	227,985	116,320	111,665
Amharic	795	375	415	10,720	4,960	5,760
Arabic	6,465	3,355	3,110	171,370	88,400	82,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	285	145	135	14,555	7,135	7,420
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	15	20	4,795	2,365	2,425
Harari	15	5	5	1,030	485	545
Hebrew	115	60	50	11,575	6,220	5,350
Maltese	60	25	30	5,175	2,575	2,600
Tigrigna	775	370	405	7,345	3,470	3,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	1,435	705	730
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	520	265	250
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,870	1,870	2,000	78,125	35,880	42,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	255	120	135	7,355	3,330	4,020
Vietnamese	3,615	1,755	1,860	70,690	32,520	38,165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	85	30	50
Austronesian languages	2,150	775	1,375	194,380	76,060	118,315
Bikol	10	5	5	595	260	330
Cebuano	110	30	75	6,545	2,500	4,045
Fijian	0	0	0	80	45	40
Hiligaynon	40	15	30	2,750	1,030	1,725
Ilocano	115	40	70	11,285	4,430	6,860
Malagasy	0	0	0	100	45	55
Malay	165	65	100	5,760	2,520	3,240
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	1,505	670	840
Pangasinan	5	0	0	535	215	315
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,655	595	1,065	163,415	63,665	99,755
Waray-Waray	10	0	5	405	140	270
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	1,400	550	850
Creole languages	155	80	75	11,255	5,095	6,165
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	630	290	340
Creole, n.o.s.	80	35	40	8,025	3,580	4,440
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	40	25	2,605	1,225	1,380
Dravidian languages	1,745	945	805	148,605	73,530	75,075
Kannada	85	50	35	2,670	1,365	1,305
Malayalam	600	315	285	17,140	8,795	8,350
Tamil	725	395	335	117,630	57,310	60,320
Telugu	315	180	135	10,820	5,895	4,925
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	340	165	175
Hmong-Mien languages	460	220	245	525	250	270
Indo-European languages	74,005	36,130	37,875	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165
Albanian	950	500	455	19,045	9,535	9,510
Armenian	625	315	310	15,070	7,305	7,765
Balto-Slavic languages	17,575	8,445	9,130	410,725	188,695	222,025
Baltic languages	160	75	80	9,080	3,785	5,295
Latvian	70	40	35	3,910	1,650	2,260
Lithuanian	85	35	45	5,175	2,135	3,035
Slavic languages	17,415	8,365	9,050	401,645	184,915	216,730
Belarusan	15	5	10	515	230	280
Bosnian	525	265	260	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bulgarian	150	75	75	9,095	4,355	4,740
Croatian	2,005	1,010	990	31,875	15,460	16,410
Czech	700	325	370	10,670	4,930	5,740
Macedonian	245	120	125	15,635	7,470	8,165
Polish	4,925	2,295	2,625	121,075	54,675	66,405
Russian	1,730	800	935	101,100	45,630	55,470
Serbian	4,925	2,465	2,460	41,740	20,585	21,150
Serbo-Croatian	500	240	265	4,875	2,310	2,570
Slovak	530	240	295	10,280	4,710	5,565
Slovene (Slovenian)	230	115	110	6,740	2,995	3,745
Ukrainian	740	310	425	40,375	17,760	22,610
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	210	100	100	1,310	670	635
Celtic languages	25	15	10	1,110	505	605
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	450	210	240
Welsh	15	10	5	435	180	260
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	225	120	110
Germanic languages	9,735	4,485	5,245	200,640	94,475	106,165
Afrikaans	90	50	40	2,295	1,125	1,170
Danish	150	70	80	4,265	2,010	2,250
Dutch	1,390	630	760	51,720	24,875	26,840
Frisian	25	15	10	1,240	630	620
German	7,910	3,640	4,270	131,525	61,520	70,005
Icelandic	5	0	0	210	100	110
Norwegian	30	10	15	940	405	540
Swedish	65	35	30	2,395	1,040	1,350
Vlaams (Flemish)	55	30	25	2,150	925	1,225
Yiddish	5	0	0	3,735	1,765	1,970
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	170	80	85
Greek	1,285	635	650	55,415	27,305	28,110
Indo-Iranian languages	19,185	9,910	9,280	707,845	357,350	350,495
Indo-Aryan languages	13,880	7,165	6,715	565,600	285,720	279,875
Bengali	905	485	410	46,810	23,615	23,195
Gujarati	2,750	1,420	1,335	76,675	38,740	37,940
Hindi	1,520	830	685	58,735	29,805	28,930
Kashmiri	5	5	0	345	170	175
Konkani	40	25	20	2,510	1,195	1,315
Marathi	150	75	80	5,490	2,805	2,685
Nepali	255	135	120	7,870	3,915	3,960
Oriya (Odia)	20	10	15	715	380	335
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,575	2,315	2,260	197,060	100,160	96,895
Sindhi	235	110	125	6,840	3,225	3,615
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	240	125	120	10,165	4,925	5,235
Urdu	3,180	1,635	1,550	152,385	76,795	75,595
Iranian languages	5,100	2,645	2,455	139,675	70,270	69,405
Kurdish	630	345	285	6,665	3,615	3,050
Pashto	1,015	535	480	10,950	5,630	5,315
Persian (Farsi)	3,460	1,765	1,690	122,070	61,025	61,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	210	105	110	2,565	1,350	1,215
Italic (Romance) languages	24,620	11,825	12,795	614,525	295,030	319,490
Catalan	15	5	10	285	150	135
Italian	1,760	920	835	231,040	112,440	118,600
Portuguese	9,350	4,445	4,900	150,000	72,280	77,715
Romanian	5,280	2,545	2,735	41,755	19,565	22,190
Spanish	8,220	3,905	4,315	191,025	90,390	100,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	420	200	215
Japanese	405	155	250	13,260	4,590	8,670
Kartvelian languages	5	0	5	1,200	635	565
Georgian	5	5	5	1,200	635	565
Korean	2,055	990	1,065	69,775	32,035	37,740
Mongolic languages	5	5	0	405	180	220
Mongolian	10	5	5	405	180	225
Niger-Congo languages	650	305	345	35,760	16,705	19,050
Akan (Twi)	60	35	30	9,695	4,510	5,190
Bamanankan	0	0	0	140	60	80
Edo	10	5	5	1,140	475	670
Ewe	15	15	5	560	270	295
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	365	180	185
Ga	5	10	5	600	275	325
Ganda	10	5	10	760	360	400
Igbo	35	20	15	2,090	1,080	1,010
Lingala	5	0	5	850	365	485
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	15	1,430	640	785
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	20	1,330	545	785
Shona	90	40	50	1,455	660	790
Swahili	140	60	80	5,525	2,540	2,985
Wolof	10	0	5	290	145	150
Yoruba	75	40	30	4,365	2,260	2,105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	135	50	80	5,155	2,345	2,810
Nilo-Saharan languages	280	135	145	1,610	810	800
Dinka	5	5	0	345	170	175
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	275	130	145	1,260	635	625
Sign languages	115	55	60	3,030	1,570	1,455
American Sign Language	70	30	40	1,305	640	670
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	45	25	20	1,700	925	780
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,875	6,335	6,540	611,795	284,865	326,935
Chinese languages	12,510	6,145	6,365	602,610	280,340	322,270
Cantonese	2,145	1,050	1,095	275,315	128,090	147,220
Hakka	75	35	45	6,985	3,140	3,840
Mandarin	9,300	4,550	4,745	283,735	132,275	151,460
Min Dong	5	0	0	855	405	450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	240	125	115	13,545	6,240	7,300
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	45	60	6,300	2,825	3,470
Chinese, n.o.s.	625	325	300	15,645	7,235	8,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	240	120	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	365	195	175	9,185	4,520	4,660
Burmese	140	70	65	1,640	775	865
Karenic languages	115	60	55	1,730	865	860
Tibetan	5	5	5	5,115	2,530	2,585
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	105	55	45	700	345	350
Tai-Kadai languages	1,125	510	615	8,485	3,535	4,945
Lao	1,005	475	530	5,190	2,480	2,710
Thai	120	35	85	3,270	1,045	2,220
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	885	450	435	22,615	11,745	10,870
Azerbaijani	60	35	25	1,990	1,070	920
Turkish	760	390	375	18,415	9,610	8,810
Uyghur	15	5	10	515	255	260
Uzbek	15	5	5	1,055	515	545
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	640	295	345
Uralic languages	1,825	880	940	50,670	23,095	27,570
Estonian	90	40	50	4,205	1,810	2,400
Finnish	140	65	75	9,720	4,140	5,580
Hungarian	1,590	780	815	36,740	17,150	19,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	1,475	780	690
Multiple responses	9,505	4,685	4,825	365,910	176,250	189,660
English and French	1,150	560	590	54,045	25,165	28,880
English and non-official language	7,920	3,920	4,005	288,285	140,345	147,940
French and non-official language	210	100	110	12,565	5,735	6,830
English, French and non-official language	230	105	120	11,010	5,000	6,005
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	465,000	229,970	235,030	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
Single responses	442,590	218,985	223,605	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085
Official languages	385,030	191,045	193,985	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300
English	383,495	190,330	193,155	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800
French	1,535	710	830	277,045	129,540	147,500
Non-official languages	57,560	27,940	29,625	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780
Aboriginal languages	5	5	5	9,210	4,600	4,610
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	8,685	4,370	4,320
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	2,370	1,205	1,165
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	10	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	105	50	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,220	1,135	1,085
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	6,305	3,155	3,145
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	3,315	1,695	1,620
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	2,905	1,420	1,490
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	5	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	160	60	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	140	60	80
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	210	90	120
Cayuga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	185	80	100
Oneida	0	0	0	20	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	120	55	65
Non-Aboriginal languages	57,555	27,935	29,620	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,310	3,100	3,215	138,460	66,865	71,590
Berber languages	10	5	5	345	175	170
Kabyle	15	10	5	255	125	130
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Cushitic languages	795	360	435	14,460	6,100	8,360
Bilen	85	45	45	170	80	85
Oromo	50	20	30	805	380	425
Somali	650	295	350	13,370	5,590	7,780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	110	50	65
Semitic languages	5,505	2,730	2,775	123,410	60,475	62,940
Amharic	525	245	285	5,625	2,540	3,085
Arabic	4,185	2,115	2,075	94,195	46,505	47,695
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	170	85	85	9,515	4,595	4,920
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	15	10	2,915	1,410	1,500
Harari	10	0	5	555	250	305
Hebrew	55	25	25	4,850	2,505	2,345
Maltese	5	5	0	1,090	505	580
Tigrigna	505	235	270	3,920	1,805	2,115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	5	15	755	360	395
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	245	115	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,475	1,190	1,290	50,245	23,105	27,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	130	55	75	3,770	1,650	2,120
Vietnamese	2,350	1,130	1,215	46,435	21,435	25,000
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	750	325	430	85,370	36,525	48,845
Bikol	0	0	0	90	35	55
Cebuano	20	10	10	2,325	1,020	1,315
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hiligaynon	20	5	15	910	385	530
Ilocano	25	15	15	4,100	1,780	2,320
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malay	60	25	30	1,810	860	945
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	445	200	250
Pangasinan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	625	260	360	75,070	31,965	43,105
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	90	35	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	380	175	200
Creole languages	85	40	50	5,325	2,355	2,970
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	355	165	190
Creole, n.o.s.	50	20	30	3,995	1,735	2,255
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	975	455	520
Dravidian languages	910	485	430	96,250	46,575	49,680
Kannada	35	25	15	1,060	540	520
Malayalam	355	185	170	8,760	4,460	4,295
Tamil	355	190	165	80,600	38,460	42,140
Telugu	155	85	75	5,705	3,050	2,655
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	125	55	70
Hmong-Mien languages	175	80	95	200	95	105
Indo-European languages	34,310	16,590	17,720	978,300	469,640	508,670
Albanian	535	275	260	9,190	4,580	4,605
Armenian	400	195	205	8,630	4,065	4,560
Balto-Slavic languages	8,545	4,135	4,410	192,945	90,585	102,365
Baltic languages	15	5	10	2,305	950	1,355
Latvian	5	0	5	860	350	515
Lithuanian	10	5	5	1,440	600	840
Slavic languages	8,525	4,130	4,400	190,645	89,635	101,005
Belarusan	5	5	5	175	80	90
Bosnian	255	135	120	3,220	1,595	1,620
Bulgarian	65	35	30	4,830	2,350	2,480
Croatian	840	410	435	11,125	5,275	5,855
Czech	230	110	120	3,070	1,480	1,595
Macedonian	125	60	65	6,255	2,965	3,285
Polish	2,065	990	1,075	52,555	24,510	28,045
Russian	970	465	505	63,570	29,655	33,920
Serbian	3,150	1,550	1,600	23,175	11,335	11,840
Serbo-Croatian	220	105	120	1,925	920	1,010
Slovak	190	85	105	3,520	1,680	1,845
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	20	25	1,465	645	815
Ukrainian	270	115	150	15,415	6,995	8,420
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	105	55	45	355	160	190
Celtic languages	5	0	0	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	60	30	25
Welsh	0	0	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	1,240	540	705	44,515	21,630	22,880
Afrikaans	25	15	15	755	365	390
Danish	5	5	5	280	135	150
Dutch	100	45	55	4,450	2,145	2,305
Frisian	5	5	0	90	45	45
German	1,090	465	625	37,255	18,140	19,120
Icelandic	0	5	0	45	20	30
Norwegian	0	0	0	70	30	40
Swedish	15	5	5	385	190	190
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	145	60	85
Yiddish	0	0	0	370	190	185
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	655	315	340
Greek	465	210	255	21,700	10,160	11,535
Indo-Iranian languages	11,695	5,835	5,860	435,835	215,755	220,080
Indo-Aryan languages	8,185	4,095	4,090	344,050	171,125	172,920
Bengali	530	270	260	29,590	14,595	14,995
Gujarati	1,655	820	840	45,445	22,410	23,035
Hindi	730	380	350	28,960	14,485	14,475
Kashmiri	0	0	0	65	30	35
Konkani	15	10	5	540	260	280
Marathi	70	30	35	2,420	1,230	1,190
Nepali	150	80	75	5,640	2,815	2,820
Oriya (Odia)	10	0	10	325	160	165
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,010	1,505	1,505	132,135	66,410	65,725
Sindhi	110	50	60	2,880	1,320	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	120	60	60	4,595	2,250	2,345
Urdu	1,785	890	900	91,450	45,160	46,295
Iranian languages	3,400	1,690	1,705	90,730	44,090	46,640
Kurdish	335	170	165	3,675	1,900	1,770
Pashto	615	305	310	6,750	3,360	3,395
Persian (Farsi)	2,445	1,215	1,230	80,305	38,830	41,475
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	1,050	540	515
Italic (Romance) languages	11,435	5,400	6,030	265,375	122,790	142,585
Catalan	10	5	10	135	60	75
Italian	335	155	180	72,960	31,195	41,770
Portuguese	3,940	1,830	2,110	67,415	32,065	35,355
Romanian	2,605	1,260	1,345	19,920	9,380	10,535
Spanish	4,535	2,150	2,385	104,820	50,035	54,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	60
Japanese	230	105	130	6,040	2,590	3,450
Kartvelian languages	0	0	5	770	420	355
Georgian	0	0	0	775	420	355
Korean	1,485	695	790	48,540	22,685	25,855
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	225	115	110
Mongolian	0	0	0	230	120	110
Niger-Congo languages	170	70	105	12,120	5,400	6,725
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	4,415	1,915	2,495
Bamanankan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Edo	0	0	0	305	120	180
Ewe	0	0	5	135	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Ga	0	0	0	175	80	100
Ganda	5	0	0	195	85	110
Igbo	15	5	5	540	265	275
Lingala	0	0	0	225	100	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	475	230	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	420	160	260
Shona	25	10	20	455	210	245
Swahili	60	25	35	2,085	925	1,160
Wolof	0	0	0	130	65	65
Yoruba	10	5	5	1,300	625	675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	1,120	500	625
Nilo-Saharan languages	120	60	60	550	260	290
Dinka	0	0	0	120	60	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	115	55	60	425	195	225
Sign languages	160	85	75	4,425	2,485	1,940
American Sign Language	80	45	40	1,605	830	770
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	25	15	15
Sign languages, n.i.e	80	45	35	2,795	1,640	1,150
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,875	4,405	4,470	448,200	210,560	237,640
Chinese languages	8,550	4,240	4,315	441,615	207,305	234,310
Cantonese	1,145	565	580	198,745	91,545	107,200
Hakka	35	20	20	2,870	1,305	1,575
Mandarin	6,815	3,370	3,445	220,535	105,360	115,175
Min Dong	0	0	5	265	115	145
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	30	30	5,775	2,635	3,140
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	30	30	3,690	1,735	1,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	410	215	200	9,630	4,565	5,070
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	100	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	320	165	155	6,580	3,250	3,330
Burmese	135	75	60	1,010	480	530
Karenic languages	110	55	55	1,360	685	675
Tibetan	5	0	0	3,875	1,925	1,945
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	335	165	170
Tai-Kadai languages	555	260	295	3,865	1,845	2,020
Lao	505	245	265	2,535	1,220	1,315
Thai	45	15	35	1,315	615	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	415	210	205	12,435	6,200	6,230
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	770	385	380
Turkish	375	190	185	10,545	5,245	5,300
Uyghur	5	0	5	290	150	140
Uzbek	5	0	5	585	290	295
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	250	130	120
Uralic languages	490	235	255	15,330	6,990	8,340
Estonian	10	5	5	790	290	500
Finnish	10	0	10	1,835	780	1,050
Hungarian	470	235	235	12,700	5,915	6,790
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	465	245	225
Multiple responses	22,410	10,990	11,420	790,825	379,925	410,905
English and French	640	300	345	45,655	20,895	24,755
English and non-official language	21,320	10,490	10,825	719,595	347,730	371,865
French and non-official language	55	20	35	6,725	2,930	3,795
English, French and non-official language	395	180	215	18,855	8,365	10,490
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	465,000	229,970	235,030	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990
None	400,400	198,595	201,815	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000
English	25,755	12,820	12,935	896,170	437,015	459,155
French	4,490	1,920	2,575	243,970	108,390	135,580
Non-official language	33,195	16,085	17,110	1,056,960	501,315	555,645
Aboriginal	50	15	35	14,315	6,580	7,735
Non-Aboriginal	33,145	16,075	17,075	1,042,645	494,735	547,910
English and French	190	80	110	8,150	3,755	4,395
English and non-official language	580	295	280	19,105	9,370	9,735
French and non-official language	370	160	205	16,435	7,165	9,270
English, French and non-official language	15	10	10	415	205	215
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	381,585	187,530	194,055	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	365,750	180,335	185,420	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,041	42,382	29,285	33,539	39,889	28,676
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	365,800	180,340	185,460	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,805	37,637	27,044	30,641	35,753	26,585
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	329,985	166,325	163,665	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,394	42,809	27,365	32,871	39,831	27,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	257,190	114,820	142,370	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,368	1,258	4,851	4,206	2,034	5,463
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	280,950	146,140	134,805	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,212	43,850	29,941	33,946	39,490	29,413
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	381,640	187,545	194,100	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	366,120	180,480	185,640	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,911	54,400	37,658	47,915	56,780	39,585
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	366,160	180,490	185,670	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,265	44,281	32,417	39,318	45,443	33,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	329,875	166,260	163,615	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,531	54,766	36,146	47,890	57,511	38,459
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	257,450	115,070	142,375	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,951	6,192	7,564	7,346	6,763	7,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	281,075	146,200	134,875	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,733	53,874	36,907	47,369	55,263	39,057
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	381,645	187,545	194,100	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	143,910	81,680	62,230	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,230	60,144	47,159	55,121	60,345	49,713
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,469	72,212	54,305	68,628	76,536	58,676
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.4	92.8	84.6	88.9	92.1	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.4	80.2	71.1	72.9	76.0	68.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.6	7.2	15.4	11.1	7.9	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	381,585	187,535	194,055	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without total income	15,835	7,200	8,635	481,500	227,390	254,115
With total income	365,755	180,335	185,420	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475
Percentage with total income	95.9	96.2	95.6	95.6	95.7	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	51,965	22,590	29,370	1,615,790	711,105	904,685
$10,000 to $19,999	59,325	23,510	35,815	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645
$20,000 to $29,999	49,715	20,440	29,275	1,410,760	589,975	820,785
$30,000 to $39,999	42,725	19,055	23,670	1,147,510	519,550	627,955
$40,000 to $49,999	38,550	18,590	19,960	1,021,880	489,595	532,285
$50,000 to $59,999	30,675	16,555	14,120	809,115	415,950	393,165
$60,000 to $69,999	22,870	13,335	9,535	630,635	348,525	282,110
$70,000 to $79,999	17,015	10,390	6,625	479,890	277,725	202,165
$80,000 to $89,999	13,115	8,260	4,860	378,185	222,095	156,095
$90,000 to $99,999	11,580	6,930	4,650	324,810	181,815	142,995
$100,000 and over	28,230	20,690	7,540	909,005	616,420	292,585
$100,000 to $149,999	19,330	13,850	5,480	600,995	394,410	206,590
$150,000 and over	8,900	6,840	2,060	308,010	222,010	86,000
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	381,585	187,530	194,055	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without after-tax income	15,785	7,195	8,590	478,635	227,025	251,610
With after-tax income	365,800	180,335	185,465	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	96.2	95.6	95.7	95.8	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	53,160	22,935	30,225	1,659,280	722,040	937,235
$10,000 to $19,999	62,160	24,685	37,470	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540
$20,000 to $29,999	57,965	24,190	33,775	1,623,230	690,290	932,940
$30,000 to $39,999	52,085	24,225	27,865	1,377,100	642,645	734,450
$40,000 to $49,999	44,135	23,105	21,025	1,166,040	585,490	580,555
$50,000 to $59,999	30,570	17,630	12,940	845,305	464,610	380,700
$60,000 to $69,999	21,105	13,170	7,930	604,005	354,015	249,985
$70,000 to $79,999	16,365	10,020	6,345	465,485	268,140	197,345
$80,000 and over	28,255	20,370	7,885	912,490	611,260	301,230
$80,000 to $89,999	9,540	6,435	3,105	299,315	183,410	115,905
$90,000 to $99,999	5,640	4,030	1,610	174,110	116,330	57,785
$100,000 and over	13,075	9,905	3,170	439,070	311,525	127,540
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	381,585	187,530	194,055	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590
Without employment income	100,635	41,390	59,250	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245
With employment income	280,950	146,145	134,810	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350
Percentage with employment income	73.6	77.9	69.5	70.6	74.8	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	34,575	16,405	18,170	1,094,860	546,920	547,940
$5,000 to $9,999	21,915	9,505	12,405	635,305	281,135	354,165
$10,000 to $19,999	35,915	15,675	20,245	1,027,910	464,445	563,465
$20,000 to $29,999	29,385	12,680	16,705	827,805	372,185	455,625
$30,000 to $39,999	30,025	13,310	16,715	767,840	351,925	415,910
$40,000 to $49,999	28,860	14,355	14,505	709,775	341,320	368,450
$50,000 to $59,999	24,130	13,645	10,490	588,220	310,155	278,065
$60,000 to $69,999	17,980	10,860	7,115	465,670	263,430	202,240
$70,000 to $79,999	13,780	8,665	5,120	369,085	218,570	150,515
$80,000 and over	44,380	31,035	13,350	1,304,210	848,245	455,970
$80,000 to $89,999	11,230	7,245	3,985	307,660	182,660	125,005
$90,000 to $99,999	10,055	6,110	3,945	280,530	156,440	124,090
$100,000 and over	23,100	17,680	5,420	716,015	509,140	206,875
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	181,515	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,255	...	...	74,287	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,048	...	...	65,285	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	45,990	...	...	1,341,300	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,933	...	...	36,900	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,860	...	...	33,219	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	135,525	...	...	3,827,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,413	...	...	90,967	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,660	...	...	79,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	181,595	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,564	...	...	97,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,157	...	...	80,322	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	46,075	...	...	1,341,115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,469	...	...	49,571	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,687	...	...	40,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	135,515	...	...	3,828,060	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	107,896	...	...	114,773	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,897	...	...	94,157	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	181,510	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	2,955	...	...	86,720	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,975	...	...	70,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,295	...	...	134,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,580	...	...	185,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,870	...	...	200,770	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,240	...	...	189,450	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,965	...	...	202,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,280	...	...	207,180	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,350	...	...	206,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,385	...	...	202,015	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	14,100	...	...	388,820	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	13,095	...	...	363,580	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	12,510	...	...	335,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	11,455	...	...	309,105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10,815	...	...	282,740	...	...
$100,000 and over	62,635	...	...	1,803,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	21,045	...	...	560,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	14,415	...	...	394,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15,445	...	...	449,885	...	...
$200,000 and over	11,735	...	...	399,410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	181,510	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Under $5,000	3,130	...	...	92,220	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,025	...	...	71,480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,375	...	...	136,550	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,825	...	...	192,920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,745	...	...	222,605	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	7,025	...	...	211,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	8,260	...	...	232,755	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	8,625	...	...	244,335	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	8,850	...	...	247,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,830	...	...	241,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	16,670	...	...	463,170	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15,485	...	...	422,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	14,485	...	...	388,720	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	12,980	...	...	342,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10,945	...	...	290,720	...	...
$100,000 and over	46,245	...	...	1,367,630	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	19,825	...	...	539,915	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,530	...	...	334,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	14,890	...	...	493,295	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	129,035	...	...	3,689,580	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,118	...	...	91,089	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,096	...	...	79,531	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	44,605	...	...	1,280,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,777	...	...	81,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,442	...	...	71,237	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	60,295	...	...	1,716,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,964	...	...	115,381	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,064	...	...	99,205	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20,605	...	...	584,180	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,463	...	...	54,363	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,184	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	128,995	...	...	3,689,080	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	109,076	...	...	115,328	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,642	...	...	94,410	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	44,675	...	...	1,280,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,847	...	...	104,425	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,677	...	...	84,952	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	60,395	...	...	1,717,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	132,208	...	...	140,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,048	...	...	114,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,485	...	...	581,945	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,401	...	...	67,748	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,230	...	...	58,742	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	66,795	34,350	32,445	1,818,815	867,175	951,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,051	34,792	29,700	32,097	33,925	30,753
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,341	31,354	27,585	29,417	30,678	28,442
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	66,925	34,220	32,705	1,814,575	864,020	950,555
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,918	43,612	38,098	44,298	46,765	42,057
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,646	36,266	32,950	36,874	38,228	35,644
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	463,210	229,210	234,000	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	218,940	105,215	113,730	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895
In the bottom decile	43,575	21,355	22,220	1,346,645	651,310	695,335
In the second decile	40,000	18,020	21,980	1,280,675	581,380	699,290
In the third decile	42,895	20,160	22,735	1,237,415	583,840	653,575
In the fourth decile	45,255	22,065	23,190	1,223,510	589,740	633,770
In the fifth decile	47,225	23,620	23,605	1,246,925	610,000	636,930
In the top half of the distribution	244,270	123,990	120,275	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060
In the sixth decile	49,460	24,815	24,650	1,279,095	629,635	649,465
In the seventh decile	49,740	25,240	24,500	1,321,220	655,840	665,375
In the eighth decile	51,070	25,870	25,195	1,382,795	691,630	691,165
In the ninth decile	50,665	25,870	24,790	1,464,415	736,030	728,385
In the top decile	43,330	22,195	21,140	1,459,465	742,795	716,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	463,210	229,205	234,005	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130
0 to 17 years	98,240	50,095	48,145	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630
0 to 5 years	31,535	16,205	15,330	835,000	428,025	406,975
18 to 64 years	303,490	151,005	152,485	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345
65 years and over	61,485	28,105	33,375	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	59,495	27,645	31,845	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445
0 to 17 years	15,965	8,085	7,885	489,905	251,830	238,080
0 to 5 years	5,715	2,905	2,810	165,140	84,825	80,310
18 to 64 years	36,780	17,140	19,640	1,155,315	538,535	616,780
65 years and over	6,755	2,430	4,325	253,755	96,170	157,585
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.1	13.6	14.4	13.8	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	16.3	16.1	16.4	18.4	18.5	18.4
0 to 5 years (%)	18.1	17.9	18.3	19.8	19.8	19.7
18 to 64 years (%)	12.1	11.4	12.9	13.7	13.1	14.3
65 years and over (%)	11.0	8.6	13.0	12.0	9.9	13.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	36,765	18,410	18,355	1,298,590	627,935	670,650
0 to 17 years	8,440	4,335	4,105	304,390	156,575	147,815
0 to 5 years	2,955	1,520	1,435	102,750	52,810	49,935
18 to 64 years	26,885	13,460	13,430	887,640	430,545	457,095
65 years and over	1,440	620	825	106,555	40,815	65,740
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.9	8.0	7.8	9.8	9.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.7	8.5	11.5	11.5	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	9.4	9.4	9.4	12.3	12.3	12.3
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.9	8.8	10.5	10.5	10.6
65 years and over (%)	2.3	2.2	2.5	5.1	4.2	5.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	463,360	229,245	234,115	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Official languages	454,925	225,825	229,105	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145
English	454,740	225,760	228,980	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825
French	31,885	13,945	17,940	1,521,020	677,505	843,510
Non-official languages	134,110	65,485	68,625	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760
Aboriginal languages	100	35	65	33,855	15,815	18,035
Algonquian languages	85	30	60	30,630	14,505	16,125
Blackfoot	0	0	0	15	15	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	0	15	6,560	3,160	3,395
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	145	70	75
Naskapi	0	0	0	25	10	10
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	65	25	45
Plains Cree	0	0	10	105	50	50
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	10	605	255	350
Woods Cree	0	0	0	45	25	25
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	5,620	2,760	2,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	180	95	85
Malecite	0	0	0	20	20	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	160	75	85
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	70	25	45	23,980	11,285	12,690
Algonquin	10	0	10	205	95	105
Ojibway	60	30	30	16,220	7,600	8,630
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,515	3,585	3,935
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	200	105	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	50
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	85	25	65
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	80	25	55
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	45	20	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	840	320	525
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	730	285	445
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	35	70
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	1,940	810	1,125
Cayuga	0	0	0	120	35	85
Mohawk	10	0	0	1,625	710	915
Oneida	0	0	0	180	55	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	180	65	110
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	40	10	30
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	210	100	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	134,010	65,450	68,560	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	12,235	6,305	5,930	362,645	183,050	179,595
Berber languages	0	0	0	925	505	415
Kabyle	0	0	0	530	280	255
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	390	225	165
Cushitic languages	1,530	785	735	34,160	15,155	19,000
Bilen	160	75	80	355	200	160
Oromo	85	40	45	2,075	905	1,175
Somali	1,190	610	575	31,535	13,925	17,610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	120	65	50	370	170	205
Semitic languages	10,960	5,640	5,320	330,315	168,750	161,570
Amharic	1,125	555	575	16,010	7,565	8,445
Arabic	8,605	4,465	4,140	246,015	127,015	119,000
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	275	155	120	17,825	8,775	9,050
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	45	25	20	6,185	3,045	3,140
Harari	0	0	0	1,310	660	645
Hebrew	380	225	155	43,255	22,165	21,090
Maltese	95	60	35	7,020	3,455	3,570
Tigrigna	1,045	460	580	9,385	4,320	5,065
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	1,985	1,010	975
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	1,125	535	590
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,815	2,295	2,515	99,830	46,210	53,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	310	135	175	10,045	4,490	5,550
Vietnamese	4,525	2,180	2,350	90,265	41,965	48,300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	60	10	50
Austronesian languages	2,675	910	1,760	249,435	98,295	151,150
Bikol	0	0	0	755	340	425
Cebuano	95	10	80	9,475	3,650	5,830
Fijian	0	0	0	110	40	65
Hiligaynon	60	15	40	3,110	1,205	1,910
Ilocano	90	25	60	15,235	5,940	9,295
Malagasy	0	0	0	215	115	100
Malay	325	140	185	9,780	4,500	5,280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	15	1,935	855	1,080
Pangasinan	10	0	10	565	245	320
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,275	745	1,530	232,935	91,110	141,820
Waray-Waray	10	0	0	410	125	285
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	1,785	755	1,030
Creole languages	450	230	220	30,260	13,525	16,735
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	1,430	605	830
Creole, n.o.s.	240	125	115	19,375	8,480	10,895
Creole languages, n.i.e.	220	110	115	9,685	4,525	5,155
Dravidian languages	2,340	1,255	1,085	196,315	97,975	98,335
Kannada	200	115	90	5,775	2,930	2,845
Malayalam	655	310	340	22,880	11,535	11,345
Tamil	1,185	660	530	157,700	77,975	79,730
Telugu	445	250	190	16,315	8,925	7,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	495	250	240
Hmong-Mien languages	480	225	255	545	265	280
Indo-European languages	91,000	44,405	46,600	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525
Albanian	985	550	435	22,375	11,180	11,195
Armenian	765	370	400	18,435	8,860	9,575
Balto-Slavic languages	20,030	9,590	10,440	473,565	221,450	252,120
Baltic languages	195	100	90	10,545	4,495	6,050
Latvian	125	70	60	4,675	2,070	2,610
Lithuanian	70	35	35	5,875	2,430	3,445
Slavic languages	19,865	9,505	10,355	465,170	217,885	247,285
Belarusan	70	25	40	1,360	680	680
Bosnian	795	380	420	9,915	4,905	5,010
Bulgarian	160	70	85	10,410	5,060	5,350
Croatian	3,020	1,445	1,575	46,580	22,880	23,700
Czech	880	450	430	14,045	6,615	7,430
Macedonian	340	150	190	21,505	10,365	11,140
Polish	5,530	2,550	2,975	142,985	65,415	77,575
Russian	2,520	1,135	1,385	138,735	64,355	74,380
Serbian	6,055	3,100	2,955	53,250	26,725	26,525
Serbo-Croatian	605	285	315	5,815	2,845	2,965
Slovak	700	365	340	12,035	5,550	6,490
Slovene (Slovenian)	285	135	155	7,935	3,550	4,390
Ukrainian	915	365	555	54,615	24,125	30,490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	235	115	120	1,750	935	815
Celtic languages	80	40	40	3,800	1,880	1,920
Scottish Gaelic	45	20	25	1,480	720	765
Welsh	20	10	15	685	300	390
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	1,650	870	785
Germanic languages	13,355	6,040	7,310	274,305	130,610	143,700
Afrikaans	210	115	95	7,360	3,625	3,735
Danish	210	90	115	5,440	2,455	2,980
Dutch	1,790	740	1,050	63,410	29,875	33,535
Frisian	40	20	20	1,655	820	835
German	11,165	5,095	6,070	189,035	90,730	98,305
Icelandic	10	10	0	285	130	155
Norwegian	75	40	35	2,140	975	1,165
Swedish	125	85	35	5,125	2,345	2,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	65	30	35	2,275	1,050	1,225
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,175	3,535	3,640
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	3,290	1,645	1,645
Greek	1,770	885	880	80,690	40,105	40,590
Indo-Iranian languages	23,480	12,185	11,295	915,765	463,175	452,585
Indo-Aryan languages	18,450	9,635	8,820	759,390	384,940	374,450
Bengali	1,155	630	530	59,685	30,420	29,265
Gujarati	3,310	1,715	1,590	103,890	52,380	51,510
Hindi	6,355	3,375	2,985	250,095	127,765	122,335
Kashmiri	10	10	10	600	300	300
Konkani	70	40	25	5,490	2,515	2,975
Marathi	255	135	125	10,360	5,380	4,980
Nepali	380	205	175	10,245	5,115	5,135
Oriya (Odia)	20	0	15	1,090	515	570
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,460	3,370	3,085	282,065	145,050	137,015
Sindhi	355	170	190	11,515	5,385	6,130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	190	200	18,555	9,230	9,330
Urdu	5,480	2,855	2,630	231,500	117,305	114,190
Iranian languages	5,500	2,795	2,705	163,490	81,710	81,785
Kurdish	825	410	415	8,795	4,755	4,040
Pashto	1,005	520	485	15,315	8,145	7,170
Persian (Farsi)	3,970	2,015	1,950	145,465	72,275	73,190
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	325	145	180	4,665	2,495	2,175
Italic (Romance) languages	32,990	15,840	17,150	880,330	418,225	462,105
Catalan	15	10	10	515	275	240
Italian	2,905	1,505	1,400	333,645	161,190	172,455
Portuguese	11,470	5,590	5,875	193,520	93,885	99,635
Romanian	6,470	3,110	3,365	49,635	23,205	26,430
Spanish	13,050	6,090	6,965	337,615	156,040	181,580
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	1,355	745	605
Japanese	815	415	400	25,675	11,535	14,140
Kartvelian languages	10	0	10	1,555	775	780
Georgian	10	0	10	1,555	770	785
Korean	2,175	1,055	1,115	79,175	36,930	42,245
Mongolic languages	10	10	10	515	225	285
Mongolian	15	10	0	515	225	285
Niger-Congo languages	1,080	570	515	70,570	33,620	36,945
Akan (Twi)	90	55	35	15,950	7,520	8,435
Bamanankan	0	0	0	385	195	185
Edo	25	15	15	2,130	930	1,195
Ewe	10	0	0	880	435	445
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	700	320	375
Ga	10	10	0	1,340	645	695
Ganda	25	0	25	1,225	550	675
Igbo	95	70	25	4,025	2,105	1,920
Lingala	100	60	45	4,885	2,165	2,720
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	10	30	2,555	1,080	1,475
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	10	35	2,220	885	1,330
Shona	35	20	10	2,350	1,055	1,300
Swahili	360	170	195	16,750	8,110	8,640
Wolof	0	0	0	730	355	375
Yoruba	230	145	90	10,495	5,345	5,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	160	80	75	11,210	5,255	5,950
Nilo-Saharan languages	380	165	215	2,025	1,020	1,010
Dinka	0	0	10	415	220	200
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	380	165	210	1,615	805	810
Sign languages	575	215	360	18,865	7,645	11,220
American Sign Language	415	140	275	10,220	3,695	6,525
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	235	60	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	165	80	80	8,690	4,005	4,680
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,520	7,205	7,315	689,145	324,575	364,565
Chinese languages	14,140	7,010	7,130	679,170	319,635	359,530
Cantonese	3,060	1,495	1,565	341,875	159,280	182,600
Hakka	155	65	90	7,865	3,445	4,420
Mandarin	10,995	5,390	5,605	385,395	179,890	205,510
Min Dong	0	10	0	810	330	480
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	360	175	180	16,980	7,650	9,330
Wu (Shanghainese)	145	80	65	8,305	3,860	4,440
Chinese, n.o.s.	770	405	365	16,455	7,710	8,745
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	185	95	90
Tibeto-Burman languages	410	215	190	10,460	5,200	5,260
Burmese	155	80	75	2,215	1,055	1,165
Karenic languages	95	50	45	1,820	905	920
Tibetan	0	10	0	5,695	2,845	2,850
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	275	140	135	1,245	645	605
Tai-Kadai languages	1,170	540	630	11,120	4,945	6,180
Lao	1,045	490	550	6,740	3,215	3,520
Thai	190	65	125	5,195	2,065	3,135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Turkic languages	1,475	790	685	33,335	17,310	16,025
Azerbaijani	145	100	45	3,260	1,710	1,550
Turkish	1,275	685	590	27,850	14,510	13,340
Uyghur	0	0	10	700	350	345
Uzbek	45	15	25	1,405	700	705
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	915	450	465
Uralic languages	2,125	1,055	1,070	58,370	27,060	31,310
Estonian	145	75	65	4,785	2,155	2,625
Finnish	140	65	75	11,145	4,865	6,280
Hungarian	1,845	915	925	42,545	20,070	22,480
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	145	80	60	3,675	1,950	1,725
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	463,360	229,250	234,115	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	430,715	213,045	217,665	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	94,155	47,980	46,175	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	336,560	165,065	171,495	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	32,650	16,205	16,450	1,019,095	484,880	534,215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	463,360	229,250	234,115	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	341,260	169,505	171,755	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,910	54,790	58,120	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Before 1981	33,085	15,945	17,145	1,077,745	507,500	570,240
1981 to 1990	14,860	7,350	7,510	513,995	246,235	267,755
1991 to 2000	22,845	11,195	11,655	834,510	390,315	444,195
2001 to 2010	28,490	13,690	14,800	953,730	446,895	506,835
2001 to 2005	14,170	6,835	7,345	490,560	230,950	259,610
2006 to 2010	14,320	6,860	7,460	463,170	215,945	247,225
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	13,620	6,610	7,015	472,170	223,715	248,450
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	9,190	4,950	4,235	201,200	102,305	98,895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,910	54,790	58,120	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485
Under 5 years	12,735	6,520	6,210	369,955	184,255	185,705
5 to 14 years	22,520	11,730	10,785	685,085	345,865	339,225
15 to 24 years	24,220	10,785	13,435	855,475	381,025	474,450
25 to 44 years	45,435	22,175	23,260	1,579,500	741,340	838,160
45 years and over	8,005	3,585	4,425	362,130	162,180	199,945
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,905	54,790	58,120	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480
Americas	16,505	7,600	8,905	598,950	265,930	333,025
Brazil	480	220	260	14,705	6,700	8,010
Colombia	1,615	730	885	28,815	13,085	15,730
El Salvador	1,935	910	1,025	20,920	10,165	10,750
Guyana	2,240	1,015	1,225	79,745	35,325	44,420
Haiti	40	20	15	10,195	4,410	5,785
Jamaica	1,870	940	935	119,840	51,320	68,525
Mexico	755	340	420	30,075	13,895	16,185
Peru	180	85	95	10,550	4,660	5,895
Trinidad and Tobago	675	305	370	52,810	23,515	29,300
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,505	1,465	2,040	109,005	47,170	61,830
Other places of birth in Americas	3,200	1,570	1,630	122,280	55,685	66,600
Europe	47,740	23,130	24,610	1,144,295	546,250	598,050
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,095	1,600	1,505	21,300	10,655	10,645
Croatia	1,965	965	1,000	27,330	13,495	13,835
France	285	145	140	13,385	6,310	7,070
Germany	4,150	1,910	2,240	63,460	29,685	33,775
Greece	570	260	310	36,575	18,225	18,350
Hungary	765	370	390	22,085	10,495	11,590
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	410	205	205	15,275	7,415	7,860
Italy	1,065	605	460	157,815	78,510	79,305
Netherlands	1,375	655	725	47,400	23,910	23,490
Poland	4,030	1,855	2,175	96,000	43,155	52,845
Portugal	6,800	3,270	3,530	103,025	50,240	52,785
Romania	4,910	2,335	2,575	42,720	19,720	23,000
Russian Federation	755	340	420	42,980	18,540	24,440
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	2,420	1,220	1,205	23,695	11,610	12,085
Ukraine	715	320	390	39,945	18,150	21,795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10,040	4,945	5,095	264,125	125,730	138,390
Other places of birth in Europe	4,390	2,150	2,240	127,190	60,395	66,790
Africa	7,130	3,580	3,550	226,770	109,585	117,185
Algeria	55	30	30	2,925	1,480	1,450
Egypt	1,175	620	550	34,510	18,000	16,510
Ethiopia	945	480	470	15,570	7,230	8,340
Kenya	405	195	215	14,940	6,910	8,025
Morocco	50	25	20	5,485	2,690	2,795
Nigeria	305	185	125	20,630	10,285	10,345
Somalia	720	335	380	16,970	6,845	10,125
South Africa, Republic of	470	235	240	19,390	9,545	9,840
Other places of birth in Africa	3,000	1,485	1,520	96,355	46,610	49,745
Asia	41,260	20,335	20,925	1,869,805	886,570	983,240
Afghanistan	1,255	565	690	33,145	16,490	16,655
Bangladesh	690	360	325	39,410	19,970	19,440
China^{Census data footnote 59}	6,280	2,985	3,295	317,225	143,705	173,515
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	765	430	335	108,030	50,945	57,090
India	8,245	4,215	4,035	360,540	179,950	180,590
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,560	845	710	86,810	43,445	43,360
Iraq	1,935	1,000	935	50,390	25,280	25,115
Japan	140	40	100	8,145	2,550	5,585
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,415	745	675	57,085	26,660	30,425
Lebanon	630	330	300	34,545	18,145	16,405
Pakistan	3,725	1,945	1,780	142,265	71,925	70,345
Philippines	2,380	895	1,485	231,760	93,730	138,030
Sri Lanka	905	445	460	109,855	53,640	56,215
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,630	835	795	22,680	11,405	11,270
Taiwan	455	225	230	17,840	7,775	10,065
Viet Nam	3,300	1,540	1,760	80,525	36,545	43,985
Other places of birth in Asia	5,945	2,935	3,010	169,555	84,400	85,160
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	270	140	130	12,330	6,330	5,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	13,620	6,610	7,015	472,170	223,720	248,450
Americas	1,595	730	865	60,700	29,005	31,700
Brazil	50	25	25	3,180	1,505	1,675
Colombia	265	90	165	4,520	2,005	2,520
Cuba	85	35	50	1,950	910	1,045
Haiti	15	10	10	2,575	1,140	1,435
Jamaica	145	90	55	8,935	4,840	4,090
Mexico	90	35	55	5,670	2,745	2,925
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	520	215	310	14,635	7,225	7,405
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	15	2,460	1,120	1,340
Other places of birth in Americas	400	215	190	16,775	7,510	9,265
Europe	1,630	785	845	45,295	22,250	23,045
France	40	25	20	2,010	1,025	985
Germany	95	50	45	1,695	885	805
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	55	35	25	1,900	1,185	715
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	30	10	20	880	400	480
Romania	250	105	155	2,425	995	1,430
Russian Federation	80	30	55	4,905	1,790	3,115
Ukraine	60	20	40	4,455	2,005	2,445
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	265	160	105	7,780	4,515	3,265
Other places of birth in Europe	750	350	395	19,245	9,450	9,795
Africa	1,530	755	770	39,380	19,045	20,330
Algeria	15	10	0	415	180	240
Cameroon	10	0	10	1,390	640	750
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	1,835	845	990
Côte d'Ivoire	10	10	0	605	245	360
Egypt	290	135	150	8,220	4,290	3,935
Eritrea	345	155	185	2,055	1,010	1,045
Ethiopia	215	95	120	2,505	1,115	1,385
Morocco	0	0	0	655	275	375
Nigeria	110	75	40	5,910	2,895	3,015
Somalia	205	100	105	2,065	965	1,100
South Africa, Republic of	60	25	35	1,410	715	695
Tunisia	0	0	10	310	155	150
Other places of birth in Africa	270	150	115	12,010	5,715	6,295
Asia	8,830	4,305	4,525	324,820	152,205	172,615
Afghanistan	225	75	150	5,785	2,845	2,945
Bangladesh	135	45	85	8,180	4,055	4,125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,385	660	725	58,840	26,025	32,815
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	25	10	15	1,985	800	1,190
India	1,790	980	805	69,325	35,060	34,265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	495	275	220	21,225	10,300	10,930
Iraq	850	490	360	14,645	7,315	7,330
Israel	40	25	15	2,050	1,085	970
Japan	20	10	15	1,385	370	1,015
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	160	65	95	6,320	2,855	3,470
Lebanon	65	35	35	3,230	1,685	1,545
Nepal	75	30	45	3,395	1,725	1,665
Pakistan	620	295	330	25,435	12,425	13,015
Philippines	585	175	405	53,190	21,740	31,450
Saudi Arabia	115	80	35	3,140	1,615	1,530
Sri Lanka	90	45	50	8,185	3,580	4,605
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,055	545	515	12,710	6,590	6,120
Taiwan	70	40	35	1,015	435	580
Turkey	95	65	35	2,590	1,440	1,145
United Arab Emirates	60	20	40	4,290	2,230	2,055
Viet Nam	260	100	160	3,885	1,520	2,365
Other places of birth in Asia	600	260	345	13,995	6,505	7,485
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	40	35	10	1,980	1,215	765
Australia	25	25	0	1,535	965	565
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	15	15	0	445	250	200
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	463,360	229,245	234,110	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	124,260	60,920	63,335	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	99,465	50,245	49,215	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	239,640	118,080	121,565	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	81,535	39,660	41,875	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	34,515	18,090	16,430	1,364,380	677,695	686,685
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	12,580	9,200	3,380	540,795	338,460	202,335
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	21,940	8,890	13,050	823,580	339,240	484,350
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	23,010	9,090	13,915	940,405	382,890	557,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	23,340	12,185	11,160	482,665	253,750	228,910
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	665	300	370	38,035	17,400	20,640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	463,360	229,250	234,110	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	8,180	3,920	4,260	374,395	179,970	194,420
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	7,765	3,710	4,055	361,125	173,685	187,445
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	5,025	2,365	2,665	236,680	112,840	123,845
Métis	2,585	1,275	1,310	120,585	59,015	61,570
Inuk (Inuit)	150	70	85	3,860	1,835	2,030
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	165	110	55	5,730	2,680	3,045
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	250	100	150	7,540	3,615	3,930
Non-Aboriginal identity	455,180	225,330	229,850	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	463,360	229,245	234,110	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	2,320	1,105	1,220	170,895	81,560	89,335
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	461,040	228,145	232,895	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	463,360	229,250	234,115	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,300	620	685	112,875	54,840	58,035
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,270	595	680	111,575	54,180	57,395
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,015	470	545	97,430	47,130	50,305
Métis single ancestry	230	120	110	12,925	6,490	6,435
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	25	1,220	565	655
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	25	10	1,295	665	640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	20	10	1,055	545	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	145	70	75
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	12,465	5,965	6,495	405,425	192,320	213,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	12,180	5,835	6,345	395,205	187,695	207,510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,170	4,360	4,815	276,920	130,810	146,110
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,705	1,320	1,385	113,785	54,830	58,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	300	155	140	4,500	2,050	2,450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	285	130	155	10,215	4,620	5,590
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	245	110	130	9,305	4,205	5,100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	595	290	305
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	0	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	449,590	222,665	226,925	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	463,360	229,245	234,110	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	97,400	48,965	48,435	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	25,835	13,550	12,280	1,150,415	582,010	568,400
Chinese	15,575	7,725	7,850	754,550	359,230	395,315
Black	14,850	7,660	7,185	627,715	296,270	331,445
Filipino	3,425	1,400	2,020	311,675	132,440	179,230
Latin American	8,915	4,315	4,600	195,950	93,645	102,310
Arab	7,040	3,660	3,385	210,435	109,585	100,850
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	8,000	3,835	4,165	133,855	63,255	70,605
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	4,240	2,150	2,095	154,670	77,385	77,280
Korean	2,415	1,210	1,200	88,935	42,445	46,495
Japanese	730	320	405	30,830	13,595	17,235
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	3,180	1,540	1,645	97,970	46,105	51,860
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	3,195	1,595	1,605	128,585	62,105	66,485
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	365,960	180,280	185,675	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	463,360	229,250	234,110	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920
North American Aboriginal origins	13,765	6,580	7,185	518,300	247,160	271,135
First Nations (North American Indian)	10,490	4,970	5,520	385,505	183,075	202,430
Inuit	370	180	190	6,870	3,150	3,720
Métis	3,225	1,580	1,650	137,485	66,245	71,235
Other North American origins	119,670	59,005	60,665	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340
Acadian	545	220	320	16,580	8,135	8,450
American	4,955	2,530	2,425	140,165	67,480	72,690
Canadian	115,500	56,895	58,605	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	320	190	125
Newfoundlander	1,180	585	595	10,850	5,520	5,325
Nova Scotian	95	40	50	1,485	685	800
Ontarian	55	25	30	2,165	1,085	1,075
Québécois	145	85	60	5,390	2,730	2,665
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	10	10	675	375	300
European origins	322,190	158,025	164,170	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570
British Isles origins	191,375	93,320	98,055	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835
Channel Islander	25	20	10	1,120	530	590
Cornish	10	0	0	755	370	385
English	107,055	51,905	55,150	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160
Irish	79,945	37,705	42,245	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835
Manx	80	40	45	2,450	1,320	1,130
Scottish	81,875	39,465	42,410	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030
Welsh	7,970	3,810	4,160	198,475	94,555	103,920
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	13,625	6,485	7,145	323,185	152,525	170,660
French origins	41,770	20,040	21,735	1,350,520	643,360	707,160
Alsatian	205	85	125	1,235	495	740
Breton	10	10	0	290	175	120
Corsican	10	10	10	205	125	85
French	41,565	19,960	21,605	1,349,255	642,790	706,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	114,515	55,635	58,890	1,766,975	864,010	902,970
Austrian	3,905	1,900	2,005	72,475	35,415	37,065
Bavarian	0	0	0	450	225	230
Belgian	1,720	870	845	57,890	28,460	29,430
Dutch	21,240	10,315	10,915	527,750	259,585	268,165
Flemish	195	105	90	4,005	2,005	1,995
Frisian	90	45	45	2,705	1,400	1,305
German	93,570	45,465	48,105	1,189,670	579,315	610,355
Luxembourger	80	50	25	915	500	415
Swiss	4,265	2,100	2,165	59,835	29,395	30,440
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	10	0	1,095	560	530
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,235	4,090	4,140	266,085	127,885	138,195
Danish	1,755	870	880	53,555	26,355	27,195
Finnish	1,665	835	830	76,755	36,955	39,800
Icelandic	455	225	235	13,215	6,325	6,895
Norwegian	2,110	1,055	1,055	59,335	28,350	30,980
Swedish	2,120	1,005	1,115	71,035	32,705	38,325
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	585	340	245	12,540	6,400	6,140
Eastern European origins	57,575	27,870	29,705	1,339,610	644,610	695,000
Bulgarian	370	175	200	16,750	8,230	8,525
Byelorussian	375	170	205	11,690	5,645	6,045
Czech	2,215	1,095	1,115	42,340	20,815	21,530
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	500	195	305	14,810	6,820	7,990
Estonian	475	235	245	15,075	7,255	7,825
Hungarian	7,710	3,795	3,915	163,500	79,850	83,655
Latvian	565	270	290	18,095	8,615	9,480
Lithuanian	1,020	535	485	35,100	16,965	18,135
Moldovan	130	50	80	3,905	1,910	1,995
Polish	22,865	11,145	11,720	523,490	251,575	271,910
Romanian	9,055	4,250	4,800	98,235	46,825	51,410
Russian	6,245	2,930	3,310	220,850	103,650	117,200
Slovak	1,770	910	860	40,535	19,645	20,885
Ukrainian	11,850	5,695	6,155	376,440	181,725	194,715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	190	95	90	10,330	4,940	5,390
Southern European origins	60,405	30,420	29,980	1,772,160	880,335	891,830
Albanian	1,130	620	505	25,980	13,085	12,895
Bosnian	1,325	655	670	14,680	7,255	7,425
Catalan	10	0	0	285	180	110
Croatian	4,580	2,255	2,330	82,220	41,350	40,875
Cypriot	615	315	305	4,400	2,170	2,230
Greek	3,675	1,865	1,810	148,555	74,830	73,720
Italian	17,220	8,850	8,375	931,805	467,100	464,705
Kosovar	120	60	55	1,305	655	650
Macedonian	780	335	455	39,440	19,820	19,625
Maltese	680	345	335	35,255	17,525	17,730
Montenegrin	175	75	100	2,545	1,295	1,250
Portuguese	19,890	10,030	9,865	324,930	160,970	163,960
Serbian	6,810	3,460	3,350	66,835	34,035	32,800
Sicilian	115	75	35	4,190	2,090	2,100
Slovenian	1,100	530	565	26,485	13,215	13,275
Spanish	5,200	2,440	2,765	171,145	78,880	92,265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,480	745	735	20,245	9,785	10,460
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	15	0	965	425	540
Other European origins	2,185	1,095	1,095	105,865	53,050	52,820
Basque	75	25	45	1,585	805	780
Jewish	1,150	590	565	77,280	38,860	38,425
Roma (Gypsy)	45	20	25	2,295	1,050	1,245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	95	45	50	2,065	1,110	955
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	840	430	410	23,290	11,540	11,750
Caribbean origins	9,530	4,820	4,710	462,600	213,660	248,940
Antiguan	50	25	20	3,275	1,480	1,800
Bahamian	45	15	35	2,305	1,190	1,115
Barbadian	795	410	385	26,625	12,375	14,250
Bermudan	120	45	70	2,010	925	1,085
Carib	35	25	0	2,295	855	1,440
Cuban	605	260	345	14,490	6,625	7,865
Dominican	250	135	120	9,180	4,420	4,760
Grenadian	195	100	95	14,690	6,420	8,275
Guadeloupean	10	0	0	70	20	50
Haitian	105	50	50	17,715	8,085	9,630
Jamaican	5,040	2,585	2,460	257,060	119,100	137,955
Kittitian/Nevisian	75	40	35	2,260	1,090	1,175
Martinican	10	0	10	195	65	125
Montserratan	30	20	0	620	300	325
Puerto Rican	65	25	35	1,495	755	740
St. Lucian	130	70	60	7,170	3,195	3,985
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,320	665	655	59,560	27,850	31,710
Vincentian/Grenadinian	170	75	90	12,155	5,250	6,905
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,045	495	545	56,865	25,380	31,480
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	240	115	125	16,970	7,770	9,195
Latin, Central and South American origins	12,925	6,155	6,775	322,210	153,045	169,165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	365	180	185	10,795	5,040	5,750
Arawak	10	10	0	1,055	470	585
Argentinian	210	90	115	11,460	5,620	5,840
Belizean	0	0	0	810	395	415
Bolivian	45	10	30	1,885	935	955
Brazilian	640	300	340	18,395	8,760	9,635
Chilean	380	160	215	14,625	7,015	7,610
Colombian	2,350	1,090	1,265	40,820	19,345	21,480
Costa Rican	55	30	25	2,790	1,380	1,410
Ecuadorian	260	135	125	20,385	9,650	10,735
Guatemalan	635	305	325	10,040	4,870	5,170
Guyanese	2,525	1,215	1,310	73,360	34,050	39,315
Hispanic	315	160	155	5,805	2,790	3,015
Honduran	140	85	55	3,360	1,590	1,765
Maya	140	90	55	2,500	1,285	1,215
Mexican	1,285	585	705	43,120	20,735	22,380
Nicaraguan	605	320	285	7,100	3,440	3,665
Panamanian	50	25	20	2,475	1,125	1,355
Paraguayan	40	10	30	600	280	320
Peruvian	345	195	150	14,780	6,985	7,800
Salvadorean	2,290	1,090	1,200	27,595	13,530	14,070
Uruguayan	40	20	25	4,200	2,150	2,050
Venezuelan	310	140	175	11,750	5,320	6,430
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	695	315	380	14,095	6,745	7,350
African origins	12,590	6,425	6,165	414,095	203,260	210,835
Central and West African origins	1,425	805	620	85,735	42,745	42,990
Akan	15	10	0	965	540	425
Angolan	20	20	10	1,635	815	820
Ashanti	15	10	10	1,205	620	585
Beninese	25	10	15	555	280	270
Burkinabe	0	0	0	415	190	225
Cameroonian	50	10	35	4,700	2,330	2,370
Chadian	0	0	0	645	320	325
Congolese	190	100	85	10,425	4,960	5,460
Edo	10	0	0	1,025	545	480
Ewe	0	0	0	180	95	80
Gabonese	0	0	0	170	80	90
Gambian	10	10	10	630	305	330
Ghanaian	225	105	120	24,850	12,060	12,790
Guinean	0	10	0	1,105	550	560
Ibo	65	20	40	1,940	1,035	905
Ivorian	10	0	0	1,350	600	745
Liberian	70	45	30	770	365	405
Malian	0	10	0	490	250	240
Malinké	0	0	0	345	160	185
Nigerian	595	355	240	26,560	13,620	12,940
Peulh	10	0	0	135	80	55
Senegalese	10	0	0	1,000	500	495
Sierra Leonean	40	20	20	1,175	585	585
Togolese	0	0	0	670	370	300
Wolof	0	0	0	80	45	35
Yoruba	120	75	45	4,055	2,155	1,900
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	135	60	80	4,745	2,340	2,410
North African origins	3,350	1,760	1,585	86,665	44,970	41,695
Algerian	110	65	45	4,065	2,035	2,030
Berber	15	10	0	1,845	985	860
Coptic	25	20	0	2,305	1,185	1,120
Dinka	0	0	0	205	110	95
Egyptian	1,925	1,005	920	52,845	27,465	25,375
Libyan	165	100	65	3,785	2,015	1,760
Maure	0	0	0	290	160	125
Moroccan	175	90	85	12,305	6,310	6,000
Sudanese	965	490	470	8,975	4,600	4,375
Tunisian	35	20	15	2,295	1,210	1,085
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	25	20	0	1,755	920	830
Southern and East African origins	5,325	2,625	2,700	128,910	61,680	67,230
Afrikaner	20	20	0	560	285	275
Amhara	35	25	15	720	360	360
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	25	20	10	870	455	415
Burundian	35	10	30	3,105	1,465	1,640
Djiboutian	10	0	10	1,035	460	575
Eritrean	1,400	670	730	11,870	5,740	6,125
Ethiopian	1,350	650	700	22,560	10,755	11,800
Harari	0	0	0	475	255	215
Kenyan	85	50	30	5,860	2,780	3,080
Malagasy	0	0	0	430	200	230
Mauritian	70	45	30	3,600	1,830	1,770
Oromo	35	20	15	1,290	610	685
Rwandan	80	30	45	3,215	1,380	1,830
Seychellois	15	10	10	350	140	205
Somali	1,495	785	715	40,995	19,200	21,795
South African	500	210	290	19,760	9,790	9,970
Tanzanian	25	10	10	2,610	1,300	1,315
Tigrian	70	40	30	770	395	375
Ugandan	70	25	45	2,950	1,445	1,505
Zambian	0	10	0	805	410	395
Zimbabwean	75	30	40	3,425	1,595	1,830
Zulu	0	0	0	440	225	215
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	250	125	125	8,475	3,900	4,570
Other African origins	2,885	1,430	1,455	119,670	57,245	62,420
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	350	135	205	17,380	7,720	9,660
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,560	1,295	1,260	103,560	50,150	53,410
Asian origins	74,950	37,570	37,380	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	15,950	8,190	7,760	523,340	265,615	257,730
Afghan	2,165	1,035	1,125	54,535	27,255	27,280
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,410	785	625	44,705	23,345	21,360
Armenian	1,180	640	540	29,675	14,570	15,105
Assyrian	155	90	65	12,075	6,140	5,935
Azerbaijani	145	75	70	4,105	1,995	2,110
Georgian	70	20	50	2,815	1,415	1,395
Hazara	55	35	15	680	390	290
Iranian	2,320	1,250	1,065	117,065	58,995	58,065
Iraqi	1,575	825	750	50,460	25,420	25,035
Israeli	175	90	80	17,080	8,890	8,185
Jordanian	380	185	195	9,660	5,110	4,545
Kazakh	10	10	0	1,325	610	715
Kurd	760	385	370	9,210	4,880	4,330
Kuwaiti	40	25	15	1,510	795	715
Kyrgyz	15	0	15	340	130	210
Lebanese	1,590	745	845	86,245	43,700	42,545
Palestinian	985	490	490	28,480	15,215	13,270
Pashtun	275	135	140	3,010	1,635	1,375
Saudi Arabian	185	110	70	3,660	1,975	1,685
Syrian	1,665	850	820	31,440	15,570	15,870
Tajik	160	80	75	1,850	880	970
Tatar	15	0	10	2,135	930	1,205
Turk	1,565	805	760	34,165	17,340	16,825
Turkmen	50	20	35	695	345	355
Uighur	10	0	10	755	385	375
Uzbek	50	15	40	2,400	1,155	1,240
Yemeni	30	20	10	4,225	2,065	2,155
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	580	295	280	16,270	8,395	7,875
South Asian origins	26,575	13,820	12,760	1,182,845	595,480	587,370
Bangladeshi	660	355	305	29,195	14,965	14,230
Bengali	260	140	125	15,235	7,795	7,445
Bhutanese	140	75	60	1,450	710	735
East Indian	18,595	9,660	8,935	774,500	390,015	384,480
Goan	50	20	25	4,775	2,245	2,525
Gujarati	285	140	145	5,915	3,055	2,860
Kashmiri	45	20	25	1,795	900	895
Nepali	330	185	150	8,150	4,070	4,080
Pakistani	4,210	2,230	1,975	149,060	75,860	73,200
Punjabi	1,500	765	735	55,455	28,580	26,875
Sinhalese	240	115	125	5,195	2,545	2,645
Sri Lankan	860	455	405	124,270	60,685	63,585
Tamil	300	150	150	42,760	21,705	21,050
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,270	650	625	58,705	29,705	29,005
East and Southeast Asian origins	33,005	15,870	17,135	1,422,890	659,650	763,245
Burmese	565	270	295	4,420	2,105	2,315
Cambodian (Khmer)	480	225	260	14,655	6,810	7,845
Chinese	18,170	9,030	9,140	849,345	403,280	446,065
Filipino	3,910	1,625	2,285	337,760	144,830	192,930
Hmong	545	275	270	650	340	305
Indonesian	395	190	205	9,325	4,305	5,025
Japanese	1,000	455	550	41,620	18,530	23,090
Karen	85	45	35	1,645	830	815
Korean	2,525	1,275	1,250	93,420	44,585	48,835
Laotian	1,615	780	835	9,875	4,865	5,015
Malaysian	125	80	45	7,310	3,370	3,935
Mongolian	85	45	40	2,940	1,390	1,545
Singaporean	30	25	10	1,260	565	700
Taiwanese	310	145	165	10,060	4,595	5,465
Thai	390	160	230	6,865	2,725	4,135
Tibetan	0	0	0	6,365	3,175	3,185
Vietnamese	5,445	2,670	2,770	107,640	51,350	56,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	185	95	95	4,375	2,165	2,210
Other Asian origins	440	215	225	13,430	6,575	6,855
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	440	215	225	13,430	6,575	6,855
Oceania origins	625	330	300	20,680	10,435	10,240
Australian	435	220	215	13,315	6,780	6,530
New Zealander	125	80	40	4,250	2,255	2,000
Pacific Islands origins	75	25	45	3,490	1,625	1,860
Fijian	10	0	10	1,610	665	945
Hawaiian	10	10	10	470	235	240
Maori	10	0	0	485	255	230
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	10	275	115	165
Samoan	25	15	10	225	140	85
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	555	265	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	181,595	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Owner	119,875	...	...	3,601,825	...	...
Renter	61,715	...	...	1,559,720	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	7,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	181,595	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
Condominium	20,535	...	...	680,495	...	...
Not condominium	161,065	...	...	4,488,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	181,590	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
No bedrooms	530	...	...	33,950	...	...
1 bedroom	20,930	...	...	699,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	39,585	...	...	1,122,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	78,610	...	...	1,876,905	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	41,940	...	...	1,436,185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	181,590	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	43,475	...	...	1,369,660	...	...
5 rooms	26,825	...	...	718,020	...	...
6 rooms	29,930	...	...	770,730	...	...
7 rooms	25,975	...	...	713,595	...	...
8 or more rooms	55,390	...	...	1,597,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	181,590	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	178,665	...	...	5,046,810	...	...
More than 1 person per room	2,930	...	...	122,360	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	181,590	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Suitable	173,075	...	...	4,858,170	...	...
Not suitable	8,520	...	...	311,005	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	181,595	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
1960 or before	35,960	...	...	1,293,135	...	...
1961 to 1980	52,675	...	...	1,449,585	...	...
1981 to 1990	27,110	...	...	709,135	...	...
1991 to 2000	24,850	...	...	622,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	16,585	...	...	396,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	13,375	...	...	368,235	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	11,040	...	...	330,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	181,595	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	172,175	...	...	4,851,335	...	...
Major repairs needed	9,420	...	...	317,840	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	181,595	...	...	5,169,170	...	...
1 household maintainer	99,980	...	...	2,962,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	76,185	...	...	2,059,710	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	5,430	...	...	147,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	181,590	...	...	5,169,175	...	...
15 to 24 years	7,305	...	...	135,835	...	...
25 to 34 years	29,220	...	...	681,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	33,235	...	...	880,070	...	...
45 to 54 years	39,205	...	...	1,113,885	...	...
55 to 64 years	33,975	...	...	1,047,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	22,095	...	...	738,445	...	...
75 to 84 years	12,030	...	...	414,210	...	...
85 years and over	4,525	...	...	157,860	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	181,360	...	...	5,106,290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	136,880	...	...	3,694,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	44,480	...	...	1,411,900	...	...
30% to less than 100%	38,645	...	...	1,208,010	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	119,870	...	...	3,557,485	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.6	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.2	...	...	19.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,349	...	...	1,299	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,378	...	...	1,463	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	349,141	...	...	400,496	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	382,700	...	...	506,409	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	61,715	...	...	1,554,940	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.2	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.7	...	...	45.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	994	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,051	...	...	1,109	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	381,645	187,540	194,100	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No certificate, diploma or degree	68,140	33,835	34,295	1,935,355	961,690	973,670
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	111,780	55,775	56,000	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	201,730	97,930	103,795	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,305	16,460	6,845	664,180	471,055	193,120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	11,020	6,580	4,440	324,370	199,510	124,855
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	12,285	9,885	2,405	339,810	271,545	68,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	80,310	34,745	45,565	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,405	3,045	3,360	242,005	107,065	134,945
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	91,710	43,680	48,030	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250
Bachelor's degree	60,545	27,675	32,870	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,415	2,460	2,960	189,370	83,670	105,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,055	1,115	940	79,760	42,295	37,460
Master's degree	18,985	9,230	9,755	593,645	294,180	299,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,710	3,200	1,510	97,790	61,560	36,230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	255,205	125,790	129,415	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	27,835	14,900	12,940	752,995	404,770	348,225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	66,775	33,930	32,840	1,768,955	895,020	873,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	160,590	76,960	83,635	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,595	11,765	4,835	446,390	315,975	130,420
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	7,865	4,695	3,165	218,980	134,685	84,295
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	8,735	7,070	1,670	227,410	181,290	46,120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	64,260	27,955	36,310	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,585	2,185	2,400	170,925	75,935	94,995
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	75,150	35,060	40,095	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895
Bachelor's degree	48,525	21,955	26,575	1,519,850	668,450	851,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,495	1,945	2,550	148,960	62,370	86,590
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,655	790	860	63,790	30,895	32,895
Master's degree	16,570	7,830	8,745	500,415	239,160	261,255
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,905	2,540	1,365	74,310	43,545	30,765
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	381,645	187,545	194,100	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	179,915	89,615	90,300	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445
Education	10,085	2,305	7,775	349,745	79,245	270,505
13. Education	10,080	2,305	7,775	349,750	79,245	270,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,110	3,060	4,050	246,075	109,955	136,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,230	865	365	38,745	28,735	10,010
50. Visual and performing arts	5,880	2,195	3,685	207,325	81,220	126,110
Humanities	13,385	4,995	8,390	359,560	133,350	226,210
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,145	260	885	37,900	8,170	29,730
23. English language and literature/letters	3,565	955	2,610	98,440	28,290	70,145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,845	895	1,955	95,345	32,940	62,410
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	120	45	75	2,165	805	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,130	570	565	24,255	13,425	10,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,695	985	710	28,175	17,120	11,055
54. History	2,205	1,175	1,030	57,295	30,015	27,280
55. French language and literature/letters	675	105	570	15,990	2,590	13,400
Social and behavioural sciences and law	24,820	7,895	16,925	810,410	269,735	540,670
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	295	65	230	10,765	2,210	8,560
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,740	1,030	1,710	81,500	31,825	49,675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,550	345	4,200	141,750	11,775	129,975
22. Legal professions and studies	3,030	910	2,120	128,860	45,275	83,590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	560	140	420	16,210	3,400	12,815
42. Psychology	4,420	1,125	3,295	122,545	29,640	92,905
45. Social sciences	9,230	4,280	4,950	308,775	145,620	163,155
Business, management and public administration	38,650	15,270	23,380	1,279,665	527,085	752,580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	80	20	60	2,725	895	1,830
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,645	655	2,990	108,935	21,405	87,530
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	34,925	14,595	20,330	1,168,005	504,780	663,225
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,640	4,325	4,315	253,905	124,050	129,850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,425	1,370	2,055	110,950	45,120	65,835
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,885	895	990	54,745	24,800	29,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	85	15	65	3,830	1,190	2,640
40. Physical sciences	2,920	1,915	1,010	72,355	48,145	24,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	325	125	200	12,025	4,795	7,235
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,080	8,000	4,080	290,045	185,310	104,730
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,240	5,755	2,490	220,550	150,765	69,790
25. Library science	490	80	405	15,220	2,450	12,770
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,000	1,905	1,095	49,025	28,515	20,515
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	345	255	90	5,235	3,580	1,655
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	44,410	39,670	4,735	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985
04. Architecture and related services	1,495	920	580	51,845	34,590	17,265
14. Engineering	12,495	10,070	2,430	334,085	271,010	63,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	9,665	8,620	1,045	237,775	214,500	23,275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	160	30	125
46. Construction trades	6,705	6,510	190	198,790	194,555	4,235
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,410	7,205	205	225,860	220,545	5,315
48. Precision production	6,630	6,350	280	124,515	119,820	4,695
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,355	1,850	1,505	106,895	67,015	39,880
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,785	925	860	66,035	41,790	24,240
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,565	925	645	40,860	25,230	15,635
Health and related fields	26,980	4,755	22,220	865,970	173,780	692,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,105	1,360	1,750	75,715	37,005	38,705
51. Health professions and related programs	23,315	3,080	20,235	767,680	124,280	643,400
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	550	315	235	22,575	12,490	10,075
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,880	5,755	6,120	340,285	170,915	169,375
12. Personal and culinary services	6,550	1,800	4,750	183,925	49,390	134,535
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	2,135	1,815	320
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80	60	20	2,610	2,385	225
43. Security and protective services	3,575	2,405	1,170	98,325	68,625	29,695
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,645	1,470	180	53,290	48,695	4,595
Other	335	45	295	1,405	260	1,145
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	335	40	295	1,405	255	1,145
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	255,205	125,790	129,415	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	94,610	48,830	45,785	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160
Education	7,580	1,660	5,920	243,635	52,670	190,965
13. Education	7,585	1,665	5,925	243,635	52,670	190,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,615	2,350	3,265	192,630	85,175	107,450
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	875	640	235	28,705	21,070	7,635
50. Visual and performing arts	4,745	1,710	3,030	163,925	64,105	99,815
Humanities	10,105	3,630	6,475	266,665	95,805	170,855
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	860	135	725	29,210	5,775	23,435
23. English language and literature/letters	2,785	725	2,055	73,110	20,225	52,885
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,100	665	1,435	72,145	24,330	47,815
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	75	20	50	1,665	615	1,045
38. Philosophy and religious studies	815	405	410	17,755	9,925	7,830
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,245	720	525	19,390	11,790	7,605
54. History	1,740	910	830	42,315	21,735	20,585
55. French language and literature/letters	495	50	440	11,075	1,415	9,655
Social and behavioural sciences and law	19,815	6,115	13,700	648,285	207,200	441,085
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	230	40	185	8,630	1,785	6,845
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,310	875	1,430	67,115	26,015	41,105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,540	245	3,300	111,550	8,405	103,145
22. Legal professions and studies	2,555	710	1,845	108,895	34,250	74,650
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	425	110	315	12,875	2,705	10,170
42. Psychology	3,420	800	2,620	93,770	21,045	72,725
45. Social sciences	7,330	3,330	4,005	245,445	113,000	132,445
Business, management and public administration	31,825	12,335	19,485	1,026,975	414,425	612,550
30.16 Accounting and computer science	80	20	60	2,225	715	1,510
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,090	535	2,555	88,130	16,590	71,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	28,655	11,785	16,870	936,620	397,120	539,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	6,695	3,300	3,400	190,235	88,535	101,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,720	1,065	1,655	84,580	33,150	51,425
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,400	670	730	41,255	18,020	23,240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	75	10	60	3,135	975	2,165
40. Physical sciences	2,250	1,460	790	52,490	33,175	19,310
41. Science technologies/technicians	255	90	160	8,775	3,215	5,555
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,555	7,030	3,520	252,275	162,360	89,915
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,490	5,230	2,260	198,775	136,120	62,655
25. Library science	400	65	330	10,755	1,765	8,995
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,360	1,505	850	38,160	21,440	16,720
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	310	230	80	4,580	3,030	1,550
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	34,995	30,930	4,065	878,300	779,075	99,225
04. Architecture and related services	1,270	750	520	42,115	27,365	14,745
14. Engineering	10,460	8,355	2,105	266,040	211,240	54,800
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	7,745	6,850	890	178,830	160,160	18,675
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	140	25	115
46. Construction trades	4,995	4,835	165	141,515	138,160	3,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,545	5,370	170	162,855	158,770	4,080
48. Precision production	4,980	4,770	215	86,805	83,355	3,450
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,665	1,415	1,250	82,775	49,710	33,065
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,400	685	715	50,160	30,065	20,095
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,265	735	535	32,615	19,650	12,965
Health and related fields	21,040	3,595	17,440	664,880	133,665	531,220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,365	1,000	1,365	58,160	27,950	30,205
51. Health professions and related programs	18,240	2,385	15,860	589,085	96,720	492,365
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	425	215	215	17,640	8,990	8,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	9,445	4,545	4,900	259,400	129,985	129,415
12. Personal and culinary services	5,030	1,275	3,755	137,250	36,225	101,030
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	1,685	1,405	280
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	10	1,415	1,270	145
43. Security and protective services	2,960	1,960	1,000	77,190	52,840	24,345
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,410	1,270	140	41,855	38,245	3,610
Other	250	40	210	1,125	220	900
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	250	45	210	1,125	225	900
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	381,645	187,545	194,100	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	179,915	89,615	90,300	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	201,730	97,930	103,795	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240
Location of study inside Canada	165,690	79,310	86,380	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690
Same as province or territory of residence	155,755	74,440	81,315	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960
Different than province or territory of residence	9,930	4,875	5,065	372,470	179,735	192,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	36,040	18,615	17,420	1,290,035	634,485	655,545
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,870	2,675	2,200	167,260	89,350	77,910
Philippines	1,255	365	885	115,410	39,750	75,655
India	4,375	2,355	2,020	169,340	85,500	83,840
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,550	2,170	1,380	115,690	66,215	49,470
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,850	1,360	1,495	98,415	46,230	52,185
France	195	110	90	10,775	5,800	4,975
Other	18,945	9,585	9,355	613,145	301,635	311,510
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	255,200	125,790	129,415	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	94,610	48,830	45,780	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	160,590	76,960	83,635	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335
Location of study inside Canada	133,050	63,415	69,630	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540
Same as province or territory of residence	125,110	59,485	65,630	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850
Different than province or territory of residence	7,940	3,930	4,005	281,130	135,440	145,690
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	27,545	13,545	14,000	994,025	470,225	523,800
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,820	2,010	1,810	127,005	65,045	61,960
Philippines	1,120	320	795	97,230	32,925	64,300
India	3,475	1,765	1,710	143,205	70,040	73,175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,965	1,130	835	62,325	34,315	28,010
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,320	1,090	1,230	82,020	37,900	44,125
France	150	80	65	8,705	4,630	4,070
Other	14,700	7,145	7,555	473,530	225,365	248,160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	381,640	187,545	194,100	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680
In the labour force	260,465	136,185	124,280	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Employed	243,010	127,280	115,735	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895
Unemployed	17,460	8,910	8,550	529,525	275,370	254,160
Not in the labour force	121,175	51,355	69,820	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630
Participation rate	68.2	72.6	64.0	64.7	69.1	60.6
Employment rate	63.7	67.9	59.6	59.9	63.9	56.1
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.5	6.9	7.4	7.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	381,645	187,545	194,100	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	113,430	47,605	65,825	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755
Worked	268,215	139,940	128,275	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	146,700	83,605	63,095	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	121,515	56,330	65,185	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.4	44.0	42.8	42.9	43.4	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	260,465	136,185	124,280	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,190	2,530	2,660	171,050	81,735	89,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	255,280	133,655	121,625	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
Employee	232,215	119,605	112,610	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	23,065	14,050	9,015	824,595	523,145	301,445
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	260,465	136,185	124,280	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,190	2,535	2,655	171,045	81,735	89,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	255,280	133,660	121,625	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
0 Management occupations	26,010	15,765	10,250	790,880	483,240	307,635
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	37,855	11,240	26,615	1,124,770	357,215	767,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	22,840	17,790	5,045	516,110	399,195	116,915
3 Health occupations	14,055	2,195	11,860	447,045	90,495	356,550
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	27,985	9,285	18,695	831,340	265,075	566,265
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,785	2,925	3,855	225,720	104,445	121,275
6 Sales and service occupations	58,640	24,190	34,450	1,632,085	709,375	922,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	35,360	33,030	2,325	927,820	866,870	60,950
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,940	2,275	660	113,405	88,150	25,260
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	22,815	14,955	7,860	361,455	243,835	117,620
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	260,470	136,190	124,280	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,190	2,535	2,660	171,050	81,730	89,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	255,280	133,655	121,625	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,305	740	560	102,070	67,005	35,070
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	325	285	40	32,340	27,920	4,415
22 Utilities	940	740	200	50,820	38,195	12,630
23 Construction	16,185	14,250	1,940	476,835	419,600	57,230
31-33 Manufacturing	41,990	29,600	12,390	683,335	482,800	200,530
41 Wholesale trade	10,490	7,300	3,195	270,745	178,945	91,800
44-45 Retail trade	28,300	13,210	15,090	783,540	367,175	416,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10,525	7,870	2,660	329,240	242,045	87,190
51 Information and cultural industries	7,535	4,315	3,215	176,715	101,045	75,670
52 Finance and insurance	15,865	5,805	10,065	380,765	169,590	211,180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,255	2,215	2,040	144,275	77,385	66,890
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	19,705	11,630	8,075	567,825	316,685	251,140
55 Management of companies and enterprises	400	205	195	12,365	5,290	7,075
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,865	6,170	4,700	338,640	190,210	148,430
61 Educational services	22,195	7,870	14,325	528,470	163,680	364,795
62 Health care and social assistance	24,850	3,815	21,030	754,555	134,270	620,275
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,180	2,145	2,030	147,425	75,330	72,095
72 Accommodation and food services	17,265	6,620	10,645	478,070	201,260	276,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,385	4,480	4,905	296,960	133,220	163,745
91 Public administration	8,720	4,400	4,320	415,635	216,250	199,385
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	243,010	127,280	115,730	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900
Worked at home	13,875	6,475	7,395	480,290	242,495	237,795
Worked outside Canada	990	695	295	39,145	25,995	13,150
No fixed workplace address	22,860	16,870	5,990	736,715	536,140	200,570
Worked at usual place	205,285	103,235	102,050	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	205,290	103,235	102,050	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	101,745	46,180	55,560	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	69,275	35,590	33,685	857,565	419,960	437,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	33,745	21,155	12,595	1,350,375	749,770	600,605
Commute to a different province or territory	520	310	210	38,990	21,630	17,355
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	228,150	120,105	108,040	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	183,035	99,080	83,955	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	15,805	6,855	8,950	372,480	151,880	220,600
Public transit	15,125	6,790	8,335	888,920	376,690	512,235
Walked	9,835	4,510	5,325	320,015	143,885	176,130
Bicycle	2,600	1,990	610	75,460	50,200	25,260
Other method	1,745	880	865	60,620	30,835	29,785
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	228,145	120,105	108,040	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Less than 15 minutes	68,295	32,305	35,990	1,463,845	675,540	788,310
15 to 29 minutes	97,220	50,060	47,160	1,964,690	991,525	973,165
30 to 44 minutes	34,795	20,050	14,745	1,295,375	706,155	589,225
45 to 59 minutes	12,060	7,210	4,850	612,415	336,090	276,325
60 minutes and over	15,770	10,480	5,290	756,385	436,455	319,930
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	228,145	120,110	108,040	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	16,925	11,835	5,095	413,515	296,265	117,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	39,595	25,815	13,775	1,039,255	640,810	398,445
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	53,480	26,755	26,720	1,571,230	778,100	793,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	50,875	21,925	28,945	1,354,870	577,565	777,310
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25,655	11,340	14,315	740,330	328,410	411,920
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	41,620	22,440	19,180	973,515	524,620	448,895
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	276,785	144,120	132,670	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200
Single responses	274,765	143,220	131,540	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015
Official languages	272,850	142,185	130,665	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955
English	272,035	141,995	130,040	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655
French	815	190	625	94,145	34,850	59,295
Non-official languages	1,910	1,035	875	115,320	61,255	54,060
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,485	765	715
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,420	745	675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	370	220	150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	360	215	145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,050	525	525
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	495	235	265
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	545	290	260
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,915	1,035	875	113,835	60,490	53,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	110	40	3,305	1,995	1,310
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	125	45	80
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	0	0	0	110	35	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	145	105	35	3,175	1,955	1,225
Amharic	0	0	0	75	30	45
Arabic	130	100	30	2,430	1,605	825
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	110	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0	395	140	260
Maltese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tigrigna	10	0	0	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	55	90	2,575	1,065	1,510
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	10	95	50	50
Vietnamese	145	60	90	2,480	1,015	1,465
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	10	10	1,280	495	790
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	10	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	55	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,145	435	705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	1,980	945	1,035
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	75	45	30
Tamil	0	0	0	1,870	900	975
Telugu	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	815	450	360	38,960	21,375	17,580
Albanian	25	20	10	275	170	105
Armenian	0	0	0	145	75	75
Balto-Slavic languages	155	60	100	6,655	3,165	3,495
Baltic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40
Latvian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Slavic languages	160	60	95	6,595	3,135	3,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	100	55	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	120	85	40
Croatian	0	0	0	155	100	50
Czech	0	0	0	25	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	35	45
Polish	45	10	30	1,925	960	960
Russian	25	0	15	2,905	1,240	1,670
Serbian	50	25	25	390	240	145
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	55	40	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	30	10	20	780	320	460
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	45	20	20	6,905	3,655	3,250
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Dutch	10	0	10	790	425	365
Frisian	0	0	0	25	20	10
German	35	20	20	5,690	3,005	2,690
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Swedish	0	0	0	55	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	155	80
Greek	10	10	0	405	240	165
Indo-Iranian languages	220	110	115	11,880	6,560	5,315
Indo-Aryan languages	185	85	95	9,205	4,900	4,310
Bengali	15	0	10	335	160	170
Gujarati	25	10	15	730	255	475
Hindi	15	10	10	800	380	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nepali	15	10	0	80	30	50
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	55	30	6,025	3,480	2,550
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Urdu	35	15	25	1,150	555	600
Iranian languages	45	20	20	2,660	1,655	1,005
Kurdish	15	10	0	105	95	15
Pashto	0	0	0	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	30	10	15	2,530	1,555	975
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	360	235	120	12,680	7,505	5,170
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italian	0	0	0	945	505	445
Portuguese	165	110	55	5,815	3,865	1,950
Romanian	35	25	15	300	140	160
Spanish	160	105	50	5,590	2,985	2,605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	15	0	10	1,010	360	655
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	150	85	70	4,945	2,505	2,445
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	20	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	15	25	810	295	515
American Sign Language	40	20	25	575	170	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	225	130	100
Sino-Tibetan languages	535	285	255	57,620	30,735	26,890
Chinese languages	535	280	255	57,535	30,690	26,840
Cantonese	105	55	50	26,955	14,190	12,770
Hakka	0	0	0	30	10	25
Mandarin	385	195	190	29,090	15,730	13,360
Min Dong	0	0	0	30	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	250	155	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	35	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	15	1,145	565	580
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	90	50	45
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	20	10	235	95	145
Lao	20	15	0	80	40	35
Thai	0	0	0	160	55	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	465	315	150
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	15	0
Turkish	10	10	0	440	295	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	420	205	220
Estonian	0	0	0	45	10	35
Finnish	0	0	0	75	25	50
Hungarian	15	10	10	295	165	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	2,025	895	1,125	144,405	67,215	77,185
English and French	555	155	400	63,665	26,760	36,900
English and non-official language	1,435	730	705	78,240	39,330	38,910
French and non-official language	0	0	0	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language	35	10	20	2,325	1,055	1,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	276,785	144,120	132,670	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200
None	267,110	139,685	127,425	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930
English	1,315	535	780	109,150	48,930	60,220
French	2,895	1,100	1,795	260,050	118,655	141,395
Non-official language	5,285	2,745	2,535	226,490	119,130	107,360
Aboriginal	10	10	0	5,970	2,480	3,490
Non-Aboriginal	5,275	2,740	2,530	220,520	116,650	103,870
English and French	0	0	0	245	100	150
English and non-official language	25	15	10	1,620	780	845
French and non-official language	160	40	120	6,080	2,780	3,300
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	25	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	458,255	226,675	231,580	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520
Non-movers	391,085	193,085	198,005	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695
Movers	67,170	33,590	33,585	1,631,005	800,180	830,820
Non-migrants	38,385	19,255	19,130	941,380	460,170	481,210
Migrants	28,785	14,330	14,455	689,625	340,015	349,610
Internal migrants	22,590	11,230	11,355	535,180	263,055	272,120
Intraprovincial migrants	20,095	9,975	10,120	467,890	229,080	238,810
Interprovincial migrants	2,490	1,255	1,235	67,290	33,980	33,315
External migrants	6,195	3,100	3,095	154,445	76,955	77,490
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	437,395	216,075	221,320	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325
Non-movers	261,600	128,465	133,140	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880
Movers	175,790	87,610	88,180	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445
Non-migrants	97,500	48,355	49,145	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820
Migrants	78,290	39,250	39,040	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630
Internal migrants	59,255	29,555	29,705	1,562,375	761,630	800,740
Intraprovincial migrants	53,835	26,830	27,015	1,380,900	672,540	708,360
Interprovincial migrants	5,420	2,725	2,695	181,480	89,090	92,390
External migrants	19,040	9,700	9,335	549,965	271,080	278,885

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Kitchener [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kitchener [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Kitchener [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kitchener [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]