Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Montréal Quebec [Population centre]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Montréal [Population centre], Quebec Map : Montréal [Population centre], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	3,519,595	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	3,387,653 ^r	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.9	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,580,731	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,493,381	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,719.9	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,293.99	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	3,519,590	1,713,590	1,806,000	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	585,840	299,205	286,635	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	196,790	100,715	96,075	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	204,905	104,675	100,230	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	184,145	93,815	90,330	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	2,354,450	1,165,705	1,188,750	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	192,170	97,570	94,595	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	237,215	118,825	118,385	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	238,190	117,865	120,320	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	243,475	118,610	124,865	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	255,405	125,335	130,070	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	238,965	118,885	120,085	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	238,225	119,210	119,010	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	257,720	129,160	128,565	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	246,300	121,155	125,140	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	206,790	99,080	107,710	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	579,305	248,685	330,620	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	178,130	82,885	95,245	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	138,680	62,735	75,945	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	102,540	44,265	58,270	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	78,850	32,370	46,480	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	81,105	26,425	54,680	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	51,695	18,625	33,070	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	22,830	6,465	16,365	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	5,690	1,215	4,480	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	890	125	765	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.5	15.9	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	66.9	68.0	65.8	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	16.5	14.5	18.3	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	2.3	1.5	3.0	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	40.6	39.4	41.7	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	40.2	39.2	41.1	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,493,380	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	418,120	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	149,890	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	923,225	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	75,200	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	52,900	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	131,860	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	658,300	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	4,965	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,150	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,493,385	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	508,245	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	467,480	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	220,090	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	196,450	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	101,120	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,441,575	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	2,933,755	1,414,385	1,519,370	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	1,559,025	781,930	777,095	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	1,070,195	535,640	534,560	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	488,825	246,285	242,540	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	1,374,730	632,455	742,270	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	950,390	500,795	449,590	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	52,445	21,910	30,540	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	214,545	78,405	136,140	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	157,355	31,345	126,005	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	934,075	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	454,390	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	208,935	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	190,725	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	80,020	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	934,070	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	757,285	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	513,195	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	244,095	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	176,785	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	139,100	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	37,685	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	757,290	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	344,810	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	412,485	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	158,240	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	177,995	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	76,250	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	176,780	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	109,585	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	50,700	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	16,500	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	716,190	343,140	373,050	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,493,380	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	902,120	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	333,155	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	568,960	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	15,690	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	575,575	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	508,245	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	67,325	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,120	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	274,085	137,190	136,900	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	1,165,990	519,805	646,185	1,485	680	800
English and French	1,977,310	1,016,000	961,315	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	62,270	24,540	37,720	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	721,875	360,670	361,200	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	2,458,705	1,189,905	1,268,800	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	238,595	123,280	115,315	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	60,480	23,680	36,800	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	841,175	422,315	418,855	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	24.2	24.9	23.5	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	3,341,910	1,628,755	1,713,155	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	2,453,405	1,197,530	1,255,875	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	408,250	204,510	203,745	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	2,045,155	993,025	1,052,130	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	888,505	431,225	457,280	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	690	240	450	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	350	135	215	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	5	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	300	110	190	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	25	5	20	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	60	20	35	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	50	20	30	30	5	20
Plains Cree	0	0	5	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	745	305	440
Woods Cree	0	0	0	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	135	50	85	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	10	10	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	20	5	15	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	15	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	25	20	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	255	65	185	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	5	0	0
Inuktitut	220	55	165	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	40	20	20	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	20	20	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	40	40
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dakota	0	0	0	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	10	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	887,815	430,985	456,830	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	174,390	91,400	82,985	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	18,570	9,825	8,745	40	25	15
Kabyle	11,125	5,880	5,250	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	7,445	3,950	3,495	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	755	365	395	1,750	875	875
Bilen	10	5	5	155	85	70
Oromo	5	5	0	345	175	170
Somali	720	335	385	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	5	10	10	0
Semitic languages	154,820	81,080	73,740	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	655	305	350	1,770	885	885
Arabic	149,820	78,525	71,295	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	125	65	60	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0	0	0
Harari	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,775	1,965	1,805	545	320	225
Maltese	10	5	5	40	20	25
Tigrigna	340	160	180	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	240	130	110	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,865	15,440	17,430	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	7,700	3,585	4,115	280	135	145
Vietnamese	25,155	11,850	13,305	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	19,930	7,245	12,690	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	110	35	70	175	80	95
Cebuano	740	250	490	1,245	565	675
Fijian	0	0	5	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	400	130	270	390	170	220
Ilocano	2,030	735	1,290	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	795	370	420	0	0	5
Malay	585	235	350	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	200	90	105	655	315	340
Pangasinan	90	40	50	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	14,670	5,225	9,445	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	40	5	35	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	275	115	155	150	70	85
Creole languages	53,320	23,475	29,855	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	1,935	915	1,020	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	50,505	22,120	28,390	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	880	440	440	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	14,635	7,305	7,330	1,565	825	735
Kannada	235	125	105	95	50	40
Malayalam	405	215	190	790	410	380
Tamil	13,430	6,620	6,815	480	255	230
Telugu	550	335	215	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	10	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	478,390	232,280	246,110	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	2,350	1,195	1,155	350	170	180
Armenian	16,085	7,790	8,290	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	55,670	25,050	30,620	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	690	255	435	165	65	95
Latvian	230	85	145	80	35	45
Lithuanian	460	170	290	85	35	45
Slavic languages	54,975	24,795	30,185	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	65	35	25	40	20	25
Bosnian	435	210	225	575	285	290
Bulgarian	6,200	2,995	3,210	140	70	65
Croatian	1,775	885	895	1,030	505	530
Czech	1,115	510	600	615	310	310
Macedonian	165	80	80	145	70	75
Polish	11,570	5,000	6,575	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	25,105	11,205	13,900	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	1,850	910	940	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	630	295	330	240	110	130
Slovak	850	365	485	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	655	295	360	270	130	140
Ukrainian	4,435	1,945	2,495	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	125	65	65	75	40	30
Celtic languages	100	60	35	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	5	50	25	20
Welsh	25	15	10	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	60	40	15	10	10	0
Germanic languages	20,175	9,690	10,490	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	85	40	45	420	220	205
Danish	260	125	135	280	145	135
Dutch	1,615	805	810	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	10	5	5	55	30	25
German	8,340	3,760	4,580	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	60	25	30	475	210	260
Norwegian	135	70	70	115	45	65
Swedish	420	190	230	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	245	100	145	310	125	180
Yiddish	8,915	4,525	4,390	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	100	55	40	25	10	10
Greek	37,170	18,515	18,655	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	70,115	36,155	33,960	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	43,355	22,590	20,765	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	10,655	5,445	5,220	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	5,990	2,935	3,050	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	2,870	1,550	1,315	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	20	15	5	5	5	5
Konkani	100	60	50	35	20	15
Marathi	235	135	95	135	80	50
Nepali	250	125	120	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,100	6,560	5,535	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	305	150	160	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	600	295	310	670	345	320
Urdu	10,205	5,310	4,900	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	26,430	13,385	13,050	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	770	415	350	415	210	200
Pashto	1,190	625	560	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	24,475	12,340	12,135	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	330	185	145	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	276,730	133,825	142,900	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	250	125	125	0	0	5
Italian	98,925	48,320	50,605	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	29,810	14,325	15,485	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	32,040	15,340	16,705	645	310	335
Spanish	115,615	55,670	59,945	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	15	5	10
Japanese	2,020	625	1,395	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	160	75	80	15	10	10
Georgian	160	75	85	15	5	5
Korean	4,805	2,130	2,675	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	180	75	110	20	5	15
Mongolian	180	75	110	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	18,485	9,355	9,130	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	985	490	500	150	90	65
Bamanankan	935	515	420	75	25	45
Edo	60	35	25	40	20	15
Ewe	475	265	210	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,565	805	755	65	35	30
Ga	75	40	35	15	10	5
Ganda	15	10	10	50	20	30
Igbo	90	50	40	280	155	130
Lingala	1,915	890	1,020	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,575	740	835	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,350	605	745	250	125	120
Shona	70	35	35	110	50	60
Swahili	1,230	590	640	870	420	455
Wolof	2,380	1,270	1,105	75	50	25
Yoruba	200	125	75	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5,565	2,900	2,670	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	165	95	70	395	215	180
Dinka	5	5	0	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	165	90	70	225	125	100
Sign languages	700	365	335	440	230	210
American Sign Language	40	25	15	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	370	180	185	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	285	160	125	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	70,805	32,970	37,840	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	70,590	32,860	37,730	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	23,245	10,950	12,290	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	455	200	250	55	30	25
Mandarin	39,605	18,310	21,295	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	25	10	15	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,085	1,425	1,660	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,015	445	570	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,085	1,480	1,605	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	220	115	105	575	295	285
Burmese	55	25	30	85	50	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	430	215	220
Tibetan	95	55	45	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	3,950	1,795	2,155	1,120	525	595
Lao	3,440	1,665	1,775	875	445	430
Thai	505	130	375	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	5	0	0
Turkic languages	7,160	3,650	3,510	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	260	145	115	30	20	15
Turkish	6,460	3,300	3,165	210	120	95
Uyghur	145	75	75	10	5	10
Uzbek	120	60	60	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	165	70	95	40	25	20
Uralic languages	5,365	2,445	2,925	1,440	655	790
Estonian	165	65	100	30	10	15
Finnish	260	80	180	225	85	135
Hungarian	4,940	2,295	2,645	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	480	260	215	155	85	70
Multiple responses	137,745	68,785	68,965	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	41,765	21,230	20,540	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	24,820	12,190	12,630	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	55,325	27,215	28,115	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	15,830	8,155	7,680	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	3,221,100	1,571,355	1,649,745	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	2,735,685	1,338,620	1,397,065	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	579,550	288,690	290,865	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	2,156,130	1,049,930	1,106,200	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	485,420	232,735	252,680	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	255	110	145	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	145	65	80	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	140	65	75	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	20	5	15	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	15	15	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	70	30	35	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	75	25	50	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	65	25	45	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Dakota	0	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	485,165	232,625	252,535	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	81,700	41,455	40,250	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	6,725	3,490	3,235	20	15	5
Kabyle	4,540	2,360	2,180	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,185	1,130	1,055	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	360	155	205	1,185	550	630
Bilen	5	0	5	120	65	55
Oromo	0	5	0	210	95	115
Somali	350	150	200	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	10	0
Semitic languages	74,550	37,780	36,770	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	310	145	170	1,045	520	525
Arabic	72,245	36,615	35,625	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	90	50	45	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,670	860	810	355	195	160
Maltese	5	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	185	85	100	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,190	10,830	12,360	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,590	2,095	2,495	125	55	70
Vietnamese	18,595	8,735	9,860	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,375	3,760	5,610	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	15	10	10	30	15	15
Cebuano	215	100	120	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	125	55	75	125	55	75
Ilocano	745	305	435	390	190	200
Malagasy	250	130	115	0	0	0
Malay	160	80	80	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	245	120	130
Pangasinan	15	5	10	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,730	3,030	4,700	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	30	15	15
Creole languages	19,735	8,350	11,380	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	770	345	430	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	18,550	7,820	10,735	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	410	190	225	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	11,290	5,535	5,755	800	400	400
Kannada	145	80	65	45	25	25
Malayalam	185	90	95	405	195	205
Tamil	10,635	5,170	5,465	240	120	120
Telugu	315	190	130	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	265,385	127,145	138,235	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	1,390	680	710	155	80	75
Armenian	11,810	5,590	6,220	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	33,675	15,800	17,870	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	165	70	95	25	10	15
Latvian	60	30	30	15	5	5
Lithuanian	100	40	60	10	5	5
Slavic languages	33,510	15,730	17,775	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	20	10	10	0	5	0
Bosnian	250	120	130	285	145	140
Bulgarian	4,605	2,235	2,370	65	30	30
Croatian	750	355	395	320	145	180
Czech	360	170	190	115	55	60
Macedonian	100	50	50	85	35	45
Polish	5,170	2,325	2,850	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	18,420	8,700	9,725	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	1,050	520	530	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	260	125	140	90	40	50
Slovak	200	100	105	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	215	90	125	55	20	30
Ukrainian	2,065	925	1,140	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	10	5	5
Celtic languages	20	15	5	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	5	0	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	8,515	4,315	4,200	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	10	5	5	200	100	100
Danish	35	15	20	10	5	5
Dutch	225	100	120	270	135	130
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	1,460	655	810	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	30	10	20	35	15	20
Norwegian	15	10	10	10	5	5
Swedish	80	40	40	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	15	15	5	10
Yiddish	6,625	3,465	3,165	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	465	240	225
Greek	18,125	8,650	9,475	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	49,340	24,765	24,580	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	29,755	15,095	14,665	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	7,980	3,960	4,020	690	390	305
Gujarati	3,805	1,840	1,960	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	1,465	750	710	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	30	15	15	10	5	5
Marathi	75	40	35	40	25	20
Nepali	165	80	90	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,710	4,620	4,090	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	130	60	70	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	340	175	165	360	190	170
Urdu	7,035	3,545	3,495	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	19,440	9,585	9,850	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	390	205	185	275	135	140
Pashto	875	435	440	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	18,180	8,945	9,225	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	140	80	60	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	142,515	67,330	75,190	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	90	40	50	0	0	0
Italian	32,010	14,140	17,860	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	14,240	6,780	7,465	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	22,300	10,895	11,410	235	110	125
Spanish	73,850	35,455	38,395	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Japanese	865	355	510	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	70	35	35	10	5	0
Georgian	75	40	35	10	5	5
Korean	3,365	1,545	1,820	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	145	65	70	5	0	5
Mongolian	140	65	75	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	4,435	2,120	2,315	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	435	210	230	45	30	20
Bamanankan	215	115	95	15	5	5
Edo	10	5	5	5	5	0
Ewe	95	40	55	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	430	205	225	35	15	15
Ga	15	5	10	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	10	5	5	75	40	35
Lingala	470	190	275	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	445	205	240	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	325	135	190	105	55	50
Shona	20	10	10	10	5	10
Swahili	360	180	180	500	240	265
Wolof	745	395	345	25	20	10
Yoruba	45	20	25	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	395	420	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	30	25	130	60	70
Dinka	0	0	0	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	55	30	25
Sign languages	925	525	400	560	310	255
American Sign Language	60	30	35	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	400	200	195	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	465	295	170	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,025	26,715	29,310	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	55,905	26,655	29,255	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	17,235	8,145	9,080	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	155	75	80	25	10	15
Mandarin	33,840	16,240	17,600	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,765	805	965	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	755	345	410	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,120	1,020	1,100	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	60	60	465	235	225
Burmese	20	10	10	55	30	25
Karenic languages	0	0	0	370	190	180
Tibetan	65	35	25	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	2,020	980	1,045	535	250	280
Lao	1,855	905	945	430	210	220
Thai	170	70	100	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	4,645	2,305	2,340	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	90	45	50	10	5	10
Turkish	4,310	2,140	2,170	65	35	35
Uyghur	100	55	45	0	0	0
Uzbek	95	45	45	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	25	10	15
Uralic languages	1,820	795	1,020	305	140	165
Estonian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	40	15	25	35	15	15
Hungarian	1,750	775	980	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	105	60	40	40	25	20
Multiple responses	258,550	126,180	132,370	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	55,395	28,110	27,280	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	50,005	24,120	25,890	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	115,640	55,130	60,500	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	37,520	18,820	18,705	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	2,624,250	1,274,015	1,350,235	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	279,380	141,520	137,860	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	233,550	115,230	118,320	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	265,980	128,905	137,075	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	330	125	205	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	265,645	128,780	136,870	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	32,275	16,240	16,040	305	150	150
English and non-official language	22,075	10,825	11,250	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	20,875	10,160	10,715	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	1,270	650	625	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,856,570	1,385,430	1,471,135	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,742,430	1,331,835	1,410,600	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,535	36,504	29,148	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,742,935	1,331,915	1,411,025	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,319	32,185	26,759	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,422,145	1,200,630	1,221,515	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,531	35,538	26,010	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,120,085	959,120	1,160,965	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,667	3,540	7,483	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,998,115	1,024,295	973,820	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,856	35,548	28,452	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,742,500	1,331,435	1,411,065	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,907	52,008	38,207	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,743,015	1,331,510	1,411,510	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,221	40,777	31,923	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,422,145	1,200,245	1,221,905	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,885	52,241	35,677	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,119,805	958,580	1,161,230	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,955	6,826	8,887	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,998,375	1,024,315	974,060	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,596	50,180	36,673	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	2,857,035	1,385,465	1,471,565	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	877,695	479,085	398,605	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	49,397	53,619	45,129	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,611	68,817	52,950	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.3	90.5	80.9	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.7	74.1	66.3	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.7	9.5	19.1	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	2,856,565	1,385,430	1,471,140	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	114,135	53,600	60,535	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	2,742,435	1,331,830	1,410,600	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.9	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	381,980	181,360	200,625	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	501,560	207,285	294,270	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	400,305	173,950	226,355	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	337,555	159,045	178,510	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	294,060	139,610	154,445	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	218,165	108,980	109,185	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	156,985	83,255	73,735	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	124,000	67,715	56,285	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	86,040	49,210	36,825	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	57,645	36,030	21,610	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	184,130	125,380	58,750	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	117,875	77,795	40,080	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	66,255	47,585	18,670	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,856,570	1,385,430	1,471,140	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	113,630	53,520	60,115	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	2,742,935	1,331,915	1,411,025	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	394,555	184,405	210,150	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	524,800	219,045	305,755	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	482,720	215,670	267,055	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	435,320	208,720	226,600	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	321,405	159,455	161,955	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	211,225	112,595	98,630	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	138,220	77,355	60,870	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	78,590	48,375	30,215	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	156,095	106,300	49,800	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	46,750	30,175	16,570	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	28,790	19,210	9,580	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	80,565	56,910	23,650	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	2,856,570	1,385,425	1,471,140	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	858,455	361,135	497,320	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	1,998,115	1,024,295	973,820	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	69.9	73.9	66.2	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	258,865	129,000	129,865	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	160,610	73,025	87,585	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	292,790	134,985	157,805	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	243,810	113,855	129,960	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	229,640	110,295	119,345	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	195,230	94,965	100,265	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	151,650	79,915	71,740	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	115,265	63,620	51,645	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	99,765	55,425	44,335	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	250,500	169,220	81,285	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	64,590	40,190	24,400	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	44,635	29,445	15,190	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	141,275	99,580	41,690	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,493,385	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,609	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,838	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	508,245	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,049	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,605	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	985,135	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,227	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,097	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,493,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	82,466	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,528	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	508,225	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,605	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,853	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	985,215	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	103,028	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,867	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,493,380	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	29,440	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,450	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50,475	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	74,000	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	73,640	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	64,980	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	70,615	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	74,015	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	73,600	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	70,350	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	130,685	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	112,165	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	98,075	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	83,990	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	71,265	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	388,640	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	134,105	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	87,960	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	89,465	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	77,115	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,493,380	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	31,175	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,850	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50,975	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	77,820	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	82,970	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	77,895	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	90,115	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	91,635	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	87,235	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	84,225	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	150,280	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	125,890	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	102,920	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	84,930	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	69,010	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	258,460	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	116,775	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	61,205	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	80,485	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	935,490	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,469	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	69,946	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	326,075	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,868	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,595	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	414,015	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,694	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,599	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	168,810	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,914	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,788	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	935,345	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	104,779	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,022	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	325,740	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	97,081	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,913	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	414,500	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	129,051	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,708	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	168,475	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,515	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,846	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	642,400	311,885	330,515	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,654	30,644	28,864	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,081	27,600	26,672	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	641,600	310,655	330,940	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,204	40,679	37,820	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,365	33,039	31,732	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	3,441,575	1,684,145	1,757,425	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,961,905	939,675	1,022,235	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	379,670	187,715	191,950	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	383,565	174,535	209,035	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	424,315	202,190	222,125	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	403,050	194,180	208,865	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	371,310	181,055	190,255	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	1,479,670	744,475	735,190	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	347,270	172,080	175,190	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	325,310	162,625	162,680	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	302,375	152,520	149,850	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	260,815	132,605	128,210	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	243,900	124,645	119,255	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	3,441,575	1,684,150	1,757,425	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	694,385	354,435	339,950	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	237,140	121,340	115,800	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	2,229,410	1,099,655	1,129,760	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	517,780	230,060	287,715	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	554,710	261,605	293,105	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	115,500	59,195	56,305	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	40,365	20,605	19,760	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	348,340	170,145	178,195	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	90,865	32,265	58,600	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.1	15.5	16.7	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	16.6	16.7	16.6	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	17.0	17.0	17.1	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	15.5	15.8	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	17.5	14.0	20.4	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	454,010	219,685	234,325	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	85,345	43,760	41,585	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	29,860	15,235	14,620	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	307,720	155,015	152,710	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	60,940	20,905	40,030	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.2	13.0	13.3	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	12.3	12.3	12.2	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6	12.6	12.6	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	14.1	13.5	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	11.8	9.1	13.9	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	3,441,490	1,683,830	1,757,660	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	3,379,530	1,659,680	1,719,850	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	2,235,665	1,145,250	1,090,415	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	3,108,310	1,523,560	1,584,750	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	1,289,660	621,780	667,885	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	885	400	485	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	370	210	160	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	290	145	150	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	15	0	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	70	35	40	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	70	40	30	85	25	55
Plains Cree	10	10	0	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	0	0	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	120	50	70	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	30	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	35	30	10	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	30	10	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	30	20	10	10	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	10	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	420	135	285	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	375	125	260	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	75	55	20	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	55	10	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	760	365	395
Dakota	0	0	0	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,288,840	621,410	667,425	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	267,820	139,520	128,300	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	24,400	12,855	11,540	85	50	40
Kabyle	14,305	7,565	6,740	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10,235	5,360	4,875	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	1,100	535	565	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	35	20	15	210	120	85
Oromo	30	20	10	535	275	260
Somali	1,030	485	545	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	255,455	132,985	122,470	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	970	470	505	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	237,485	123,665	113,820	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	160	80	75	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	10	0	0
Harari	10	10	10	0	10	0
Hebrew	17,550	9,195	8,350	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	15	10	10	65	30	35
Tigrigna	360	165	195	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	595	310	290	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	41,735	19,910	21,825	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,280	4,885	5,395	335	185	150
Vietnamese	31,790	15,195	16,595	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	28,685	10,890	17,795	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	105	50	55	225	100	125
Cebuano	875	310	565	1,615	805	810
Fijian	15	10	0	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	500	185	315	425	180	245
Ilocano	2,430	870	1,560	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	1,385	650	730	0	0	0
Malay	960	415	545	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	100	95	945	415	530
Pangasinan	55	15	40	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25,220	9,335	15,890	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	45	10	30	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	395	195	200	200	80	120
Creole languages	106,715	47,760	58,955	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	4,320	2,000	2,320	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	100,615	44,925	55,690	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,125	1,225	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	18,360	9,325	9,035	1,840	945	895
Kannada	390	200	190	175	95	80
Malayalam	485	270	210	830	400	430
Tamil	16,990	8,555	8,430	655	330	325
Telugu	885	520	370	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	719,495	345,180	374,315	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	2,780	1,400	1,380	390	195	195
Armenian	19,880	9,555	10,325	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	72,175	33,515	38,655	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	905	405	500	230	90	140
Latvian	260	110	150	115	45	70
Lithuanian	645	295	350	120	50	65
Slavic languages	71,425	33,190	38,235	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	295	130	170	65	25	45
Bosnian	540	260	285	835	405	430
Bulgarian	6,625	3,220	3,400	155	95	60
Croatian	2,695	1,300	1,390	1,595	765	825
Czech	1,595	730	865	735	335	395
Macedonian	225	100	120	140	75	60
Polish	14,585	6,485	8,100	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	40,590	19,210	21,380	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	2,370	1,100	1,265	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	945	415	530	190	75	115
Slovak	1,160	560	600	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	860	410	450	275	100	175
Ukrainian	7,710	3,290	4,415	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	120	55	65	70	35	30
Celtic languages	350	210	140	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	100	55	40	90	65	25
Welsh	60	35	25	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	200	125	75	45	15	25
Germanic languages	44,775	22,230	22,545	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	290	190	105	715	330	385
Danish	525	250	275	270	120	150
Dutch	3,075	1,615	1,450	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	10	10	0	90	65	30
German	28,000	13,900	14,100	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	100	65	30	560	225	335
Norwegian	330	160	170	290	115	175
Swedish	1,135	540	595	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	410	130	280	270	120	155
Yiddish	12,225	6,125	6,095	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	155	65	85	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	48,615	24,160	24,455	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	86,210	44,270	41,940	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	56,120	29,130	26,990	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	12,450	6,390	6,055	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	7,805	3,795	4,020	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	14,710	7,835	6,875	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	45	35	15	20	15	10
Konkani	145	75	75	40	30	10
Marathi	460	235	220	275	170	105
Nepali	240	125	115	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	55	35	20	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,335	9,415	7,920	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	455	225	230	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,255	575	670	920	500	420
Urdu	15,775	8,270	7,505	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	31,345	15,760	15,580	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	945	480	465	600	295	305
Pashto	1,620	895	725	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	29,210	14,660	14,550	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	615	330	285	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	472,760	222,975	249,785	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	655	395	260	15	10	10
Italian	156,690	75,670	81,015	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	43,920	22,065	21,855	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	38,205	18,360	19,845	785	395	390
Spanish	261,895	120,390	141,505	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	325	215	110	60	45	15
Japanese	5,265	2,400	2,860	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	200	100	100	10	0	15
Georgian	200	100	100	15	0	15
Korean	5,710	2,615	3,095	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	225	120	110	55	20	35
Mongolian	225	115	110	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	35,895	17,930	17,965	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	1,695	890	805	260	165	95
Bamanankan	1,715	880	835	160	95	65
Edo	165	80	85	95	60	30
Ewe	965	610	355	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,670	1,390	1,285	50	25	25
Ga	280	145	135	30	10	15
Ganda	55	20	30	230	110	120
Igbo	220	145	75	665	345	325
Lingala	7,370	3,285	4,080	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	985	1,125	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,860	835	1,025	305	155	155
Shona	130	55	70	250	110	140
Swahili	4,005	1,960	2,045	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	4,630	2,485	2,140	150	85	70
Yoruba	675	370	305	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	12,245	6,310	5,940	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	180	120	410	225	185
Dinka	0	0	0	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	300	180	120	225	120	105
Sign languages	3,665	1,470	2,200	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	380	145	240	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	2,195	805	1,390	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,230	565	660	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	82,355	38,765	43,595	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	82,175	38,655	43,515	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	30,155	14,080	16,080	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	515	225	295	50	30	20
Mandarin	53,410	24,795	28,620	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,010	1,785	2,225	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,185	515	670	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	4,195	2,035	2,155	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	35	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	210	125	85	675	310	370
Burmese	70	45	25	185	115	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	465	200	265
Tibetan	50	35	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	95	45	45	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	6,020	2,855	3,165	1,565	730	835
Lao	4,975	2,440	2,535	1,120	520	600
Thai	1,635	655	980	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	11,155	5,545	5,610	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	445	240	210	50	25	30
Turkish	10,280	5,115	5,165	365	180	185
Uyghur	190	85	100	30	15	10
Uzbek	180	80	105	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	195	100	95	45	15	30
Uralic languages	6,630	3,075	3,560	1,550	730	815
Estonian	120	50	75	45	20	25
Finnish	325	125	200	265	105	160
Hungarian	6,180	2,895	3,285	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,415	800	610	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	3,441,485	1,683,825	1,757,660	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,135,275	1,532,635	1,602,635	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	647,960	330,550	317,415	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,487,310	1,202,085	1,285,230	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	306,210	151,190	155,020	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	3,441,490	1,683,825	1,757,660	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	2,464,970	1,208,785	1,256,190	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	906,835	438,335	468,495	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	199,205	95,870	103,340	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	109,740	54,190	55,550	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	158,650	75,415	83,235	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	263,385	127,160	136,225	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	114,605	55,380	59,230	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	148,780	71,780	77,000	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	175,855	85,705	90,145	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	69,685	36,700	32,980	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	906,830	438,340	468,490	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	86,215	42,510	43,705	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	143,490	71,640	71,850	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	181,795	82,600	99,200	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	432,620	213,190	219,430	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	62,710	28,400	34,310	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	906,830	438,335	468,495	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	202,820	92,675	110,145	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	5,590	2,690	2,900	435	170	265
Colombia	15,690	7,160	8,535	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	9,685	4,790	4,895	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	2,335	1,005	1,335	1,135	515	620
Haiti	74,475	32,445	42,030	155	75	80
Jamaica	4,115	1,795	2,320	1,810	835	970
Mexico	12,505	5,640	6,870	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	11,530	5,185	6,345	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	3,665	1,675	1,990	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	16,665	8,505	8,160	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	46,560	21,790	24,770	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	242,700	118,610	124,090	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,025	490	540	1,055	530	525
Croatia	1,540	790	755	975	445	535
France	52,715	27,840	24,865	795	425	365
Germany	5,980	2,590	3,390	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	17,695	8,665	9,025	820	445	375
Hungary	2,930	1,390	1,545	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	610	355	255	650	310	340
Italy	47,855	23,255	24,605	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	1,160	630	535	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	8,965	3,840	5,125	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	15,835	7,625	8,210	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	25,410	12,050	13,355	720	345	375
Russian Federation	9,780	4,265	5,515	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,290	585	705	355	175	175
Ukraine	7,400	3,205	4,190	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	9,280	4,800	4,475	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	33,230	16,230	17,000	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	199,510	102,665	96,845	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	53,320	27,715	25,605	115	60	55
Egypt	18,240	9,490	8,750	980	525	455
Ethiopia	860	425	430	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	600	285	315	935	470	465
Morocco	53,270	27,340	25,930	250	140	110
Nigeria	1,085	590	490	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	470	225	240	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	655	350	305	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	71,020	36,240	34,780	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	260,760	123,820	136,940	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	6,125	3,055	3,075	615	285	330
Bangladesh	7,665	3,855	3,815	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	42,270	17,980	24,290	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,490	2,200	2,290	1,460	715	735
India	17,255	8,905	8,355	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	16,345	8,120	8,225	1,180	655	530
Iraq	2,925	1,570	1,360	860	460	400
Japan	1,405	345	1,060	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	3,520	1,625	1,890	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	35,350	18,710	16,645	265	165	100
Pakistan	9,440	4,960	4,475	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	22,880	8,620	14,260	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	10,515	5,225	5,285	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	16,225	8,010	8,215	805	390	410
Taiwan	2,450	1,020	1,430	215	110	110
Viet Nam	23,155	10,720	12,435	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	38,735	18,905	19,835	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,045	570	480	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	175,850	85,710	90,145	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	39,210	18,630	20,580	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	2,245	1,135	1,120	100	35	65
Colombia	5,120	2,420	2,695	185	70	120
Cuba	1,840	930	910	75	25	55
Haiti	15,580	7,085	8,495	15	10	0
Jamaica	155	110	45	340	175	165
Mexico	3,355	1,565	1,795	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,175	1,785	1,390	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,680	805	875	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	6,055	2,805	3,250	1,490	640	850
Europe	30,620	15,510	15,110	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	14,495	7,795	6,700	135	70	75
Germany	435	200	230	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	100	75	30	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	3,535	1,605	1,930	160	85	70
Romania	2,615	1,120	1,495	70	30	35
Russian Federation	1,740	775	960	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	2,070	950	1,125	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	640	425	215	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	4,995	2,565	2,430	1,060	590	470
Africa	58,845	29,255	29,590	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	14,910	7,290	7,620	20	10	10
Cameroon	5,535	2,690	2,845	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	2,075	985	1,090	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	3,580	1,755	1,820	95	35	60
Egypt	4,185	2,165	2,020	415	220	190
Eritrea	45	30	20	795	430	360
Ethiopia	115	60	60	810	425	380
Morocco	11,720	5,805	5,915	70	30	35
Nigeria	430	225	200	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	70	40	35	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	130	80	50	225	110	120
Tunisia	4,620	2,330	2,290	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	11,415	5,800	5,615	1,555	820	735
Asia	46,910	22,145	24,760	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	1,035	470	565	60	35	25
Bangladesh	840	440	400	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,715	4,415	5,305	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	100	35	60	185	105	80
India	2,865	1,505	1,360	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	7,070	3,340	3,725	425	230	195
Iraq	635	315	320	330	175	155
Israel	595	355	245	595	340	260
Japan	285	30	255	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	730	310	420	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	3,610	1,930	1,680	140	100	35
Nepal	60	30	30	210	70	140
Pakistan	1,565	805	765	1,535	800	735
Philippines	5,135	2,210	2,925	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	425	200	225	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	855	375	480	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	6,320	3,175	3,150	635	325	310
Taiwan	120	50	75	20	0	10
Turkey	490	250	235	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	280	145	130	110	55	55
Viet Nam	1,295	485	810	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	2,895	1,290	1,610	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	265	165	100	150	80	70
Australia	140	90	50	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	125	75	50	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	3,441,485	1,683,830	1,757,660	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	993,665	483,955	509,710	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	616,115	310,495	305,625	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,831,710	889,380	942,330	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	720,305	348,470	371,840	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	398,125	206,130	191,995	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	190,085	115,490	74,590	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	208,045	90,640	117,405	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	197,715	78,420	119,300	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	114,490	59,200	55,290	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	9,970	4,720	5,250	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	3,441,485	1,683,830	1,757,660	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	26,875	12,605	14,275	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	25,130	11,810	13,320	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	12,180	5,780	6,405	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	12,080	5,725	6,355	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	870	310	560	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	625	300	325	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,125	495	630	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,414,610	1,671,225	1,743,385	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	3,441,485	1,683,830	1,757,660	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	6,785	3,305	3,475	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,434,700	1,680,520	1,754,185	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	3,441,490	1,683,825	1,757,660	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	15,330	6,975	8,355	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	14,810	6,750	8,060	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	12,075	5,480	6,600	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	2,235	1,095	1,145	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	500	180	315	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	515	220	295	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	410	170	235	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	105	55	55	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	77,950	35,250	42,705	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	76,715	34,615	42,100	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	66,730	30,105	36,620	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,010	4,100	4,915	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	975	410	570	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,235	635	600	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	985	535	455	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	185	75	110	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	25	35	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	3,348,210	1,641,610	1,706,605	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	3,441,490	1,683,825	1,757,660	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	880,010	430,060	449,950	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	84,410	43,705	40,705	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	87,390	40,155	47,240	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	261,175	124,755	136,420	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	32,480	13,235	19,245	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	105,570	50,975	54,590	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	187,785	98,980	88,805	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	54,485	26,075	28,410	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	28,530	14,230	14,295	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	6,835	3,240	3,595	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	3,705	1,420	2,290	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	7,945	3,755	4,195	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	19,690	9,535	10,160	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,561,475	1,253,765	1,307,715	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	3,441,485	1,683,825	1,757,660	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	93,280	42,220	51,055	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	80,495	36,415	44,075	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	1,835	740	1,090	955	460	500
Métis	12,705	5,920	6,785	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	1,448,695	700,880	747,810	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	12,270	5,740	6,530	645	325	320
American	24,080	11,545	12,535	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	1,359,895	656,570	703,325	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	360	185	180	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	335	150	185	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	270	115	155	20	15	0
Ontarian	565	270	300	20	20	0
Québécois	75,475	37,835	37,640	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	115	55	55	30	10	25
European origins	1,502,485	739,290	763,195	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	351,250	168,795	182,455	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	375	170	200	45	25	25
Cornish	40	20	20	85	45	40
English	119,795	58,530	61,265	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	201,615	94,930	106,685	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	130	70	60	200	100	100
Scottish	107,560	51,340	56,220	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	6,955	3,325	3,630	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	21,980	10,410	11,570	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	729,090	361,085	368,000	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	515	225	285	20	15	15
Breton	4,160	2,025	2,140	120	40	75
Corsican	865	505	365	0	10	0
French	725,705	359,390	366,315	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	130,245	62,930	67,315	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	9,305	4,500	4,810	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	35	15	15	15	10	0
Belgian	26,665	13,085	13,585	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	14,045	6,855	7,195	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	685	340	345	965	445	515
Frisian	0	10	0	140	75	55
German	75,875	36,030	39,845	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	540	260	275	155	65	90
Swiss	11,635	5,955	5,680	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	95	60	40	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	14,380	6,965	7,410	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	3,370	1,565	1,800	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	1,905	860	1,045	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	615	330	290	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	3,960	1,960	2,005	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	4,360	2,085	2,270	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,115	545	570	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	201,045	97,360	103,685	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	8,070	3,900	4,165	330	190	145
Byelorussian	2,055	1,005	1,050	885	430	455
Czech	4,820	2,285	2,540	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	1,565	805	760	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	735	385	350	190	80	115
Hungarian	23,130	11,495	11,635	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	1,430	680	750	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	5,410	2,715	2,695	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	7,075	3,450	3,625	325	170	160
Polish	60,900	29,655	31,245	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	46,430	22,625	23,805	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	47,120	22,340	24,785	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	3,575	1,810	1,770	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	32,465	15,550	16,910	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	2,655	1,375	1,275	895	415	480
Southern European origins	434,525	215,445	219,085	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	3,180	1,640	1,540	415	220	195
Bosnian	870	430	440	1,030	505	520
Catalan	545	270	275	15	0	15
Croatian	4,920	2,435	2,490	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	420	210	205	45	25	15
Greek	64,400	32,690	31,710	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	260,155	128,795	131,355	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	310	170	140	45	20	25
Macedonian	590	320	265	225	120	110
Maltese	830	435	395	360	165	195
Montenegrin	340	190	150	40	10	30
Portuguese	52,935	26,595	26,340	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	3,515	1,650	1,860	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	950	485	465	235	110	125
Slovenian	1,965	945	1,015	1,005	485	520
Spanish	63,970	31,020	32,950	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	2,005	945	1,060	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	210	130	80	65	40	30
Other European origins	30,295	15,480	14,815	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	2,070	1,100	970	100	65	35
Jewish	23,055	11,795	11,255	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	330	200	130	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	260	125	135	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	4,810	2,405	2,405	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	177,195	82,035	95,160	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	310	140	165	60	20	40
Bahamian	360	180	180	60	35	25
Barbadian	4,735	2,190	2,545	740	390	350
Bermudan	60	20	45	40	30	15
Carib	365	140	220	65	30	40
Cuban	7,360	3,605	3,755	340	155	190
Dominican	9,490	4,335	5,155	275	145	135
Grenadian	1,790	710	1,080	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	775	375	405	0	0	0
Haitian	129,010	59,435	69,575	235	90	150
Jamaican	11,775	5,550	6,225	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	315	170	150	10	10	0
Martinican	1,340	640	700	0	0	0
Montserratan	220	125	95	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	395	200	195	70	25	45
St. Lucian	730	365	360	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,685	2,570	3,115	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	3,665	1,510	2,150	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	5,020	2,270	2,750	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	3,475	1,640	1,835	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	128,475	62,155	66,315	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	4,625	2,165	2,455	650	330	320
Arawak	135	35	100	10	10	10
Argentinian	4,010	2,010	2,000	475	230	245
Belizean	45	20	20	200	105	100
Bolivian	1,300	645	650	300	160	140
Brazilian	6,265	3,065	3,210	830	375	455
Chilean	11,400	5,715	5,675	1,520	720	795
Colombian	21,445	10,015	11,435	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	870	405	460	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	2,155	980	1,180	125	70	55
Guatemalan	8,245	4,275	3,975	505	240	260
Guyanese	3,255	1,590	1,670	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	850	435	410	425	210	220
Honduran	3,755	1,880	1,880	520	245	280
Maya	1,255	720	540	220	135	80
Mexican	19,765	9,520	10,245	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	2,010	965	1,045	370	200	170
Panamanian	1,245	655	590	50	10	40
Paraguayan	260	120	140	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	16,650	7,815	8,835	350	130	225
Salvadorean	16,715	8,250	8,470	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	1,420	665	755	35	10	20
Venezuelan	6,460	2,925	3,535	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	4,805	2,430	2,370	1,045	525	520
African origins	312,085	159,925	152,165	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	62,370	31,995	30,375	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	505	270	235	35	10	25
Angolan	740	345	390	10	10	0
Ashanti	105	75	25	25	10	10
Beninese	2,800	1,485	1,315	55	45	0
Burkinabe	1,675	900	780	20	10	10
Cameroonian	12,925	6,495	6,435	145	80	70
Chadian	750	375	380	10	10	0
Congolese	13,765	6,625	7,135	1,575	785	790
Edo	95	50	45	130	85	45
Ewe	330	190	140	15	10	10
Gabonese	655	290	365	25	20	10
Gambian	115	75	50	10	0	10
Ghanaian	2,825	1,440	1,385	380	220	170
Guinean	4,135	2,175	1,960	70	20	50
Ibo	165	80	80	435	205	225
Ivorian	6,015	3,035	2,980	120	45	75
Liberian	85	30	50	80	20	55
Malian	2,460	1,230	1,230	140	85	55
Malinké	520	280	240	35	20	10
Nigerian	2,250	1,220	1,035	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	1,725	880	845	25	15	15
Senegalese	5,775	3,110	2,665	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	105	55	55	320	155	165
Togolese	2,770	1,470	1,305	115	60	55
Wolof	490	290	200	25	10	15
Yoruba	350	175	175	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	4,480	2,430	2,050	545	260	285
North African origins	196,985	102,430	94,555	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	53,495	27,540	25,950	100	35	60
Berber	29,440	15,420	14,020	150	90	55
Coptic	660	365	295	85	45	40
Dinka	20	10	15	30	25	10
Egyptian	26,465	13,735	12,730	1,335	720	620
Libyan	920	500	415	360	175	185
Maure	410	230	180	100	70	30
Moroccan	75,540	38,925	36,615	350	190	160
Sudanese	280	150	130	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	17,225	9,335	7,885	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	2,885	1,615	1,275	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	18,965	9,240	9,730	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	95	65	30	65	40	30
Amhara	40	20	20	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	1,275	675	600	150	90	65
Burundian	2,930	1,385	1,545	235	110	125
Djiboutian	235	105	130	45	30	15
Eritrean	505	255	250	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	1,350	685	665	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	430	220	210	335	165	170
Malagasy	2,455	1,220	1,240	25	15	10
Mauritian	3,195	1,485	1,705	245	125	115
Oromo	20	10	10	325	185	140
Rwandan	2,835	1,340	1,490	300	145	155
Seychellois	705	320	385	45	20	30
Somali	1,350	660	685	1,740	900	845
South African	675	350	320	730	310	420
Tanzanian	165	95	70	90	55	30
Tigrian	70	25	45	320	200	120
Ugandan	150	70	80	255	125	130
Zambian	30	10	20	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	255	135	120	310	150	160
Zulu	45	25	20	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	995	475	520	440	230	210
Other African origins	37,040	17,995	19,045	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,840	1,350	1,490	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	34,720	16,910	17,815	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	497,295	243,865	253,435	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	210,610	108,180	102,430	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	9,170	4,670	4,500	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	38,355	20,120	18,235	1,755	975	785
Armenian	25,810	12,675	13,130	495	250	250
Assyrian	345	195	155	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	505	270	235	55	35	20
Georgian	545	255	295	110	60	45
Hazara	350	165	190	0	0	0
Iranian	23,060	11,570	11,485	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	4,575	2,305	2,270	925	480	450
Israeli	5,745	3,055	2,695	775	410	360
Jordanian	1,365	725	640	235	100	135
Kazakh	540	260	280	335	185	145
Kurd	1,830	985	845	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	75	35	40	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	210	110	100	45	30	20
Lebanese	67,300	35,160	32,135	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	6,230	3,190	3,040	620	340	275
Pashtun	480	270	215	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	610	365	245	170	95	70
Syrian	24,250	12,245	12,005	1,115	535	580
Tajik	315	140	180	55	20	40
Tatar	790	375	415	310	155	155
Turk	13,145	6,450	6,695	655	315	340
Turkmen	40	30	15	10	0	0
Uighur	325	150	175	10	10	0
Uzbek	395	180	215	70	45	20
Yemeni	695	375	320	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,190	1,225	965	305	145	155
South Asian origins	88,930	45,485	43,445	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	6,805	3,495	3,315	880	500	385
Bengali	4,035	1,990	2,050	200	115	85
Bhutanese	50	30	20	140	55	85
East Indian	47,235	24,255	22,975	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	195	100	100	50	30	30
Gujarati	405	205	205	220	120	100
Kashmiri	260	155	105	30	10	15
Nepali	280	150	125	500	250	250
Pakistani	12,900	6,645	6,255	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	2,950	1,665	1,285	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	260	110	150	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	14,440	7,130	7,300	1,090	545	545
Tamil	3,045	1,585	1,460	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,080	1,150	925	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	200,540	91,440	109,100	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	220	130	90	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	13,100	6,275	6,820	525	280	240
Chinese	106,040	48,825	57,215	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	34,895	14,290	20,600	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	30	10	20	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,040	440	600	530	265	265
Japanese	5,115	2,045	3,075	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	0	0	0	455	195	255
Korean	7,370	3,490	3,880	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	6,350	3,215	3,135	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	515	235	280	470	240	230
Mongolian	725	330	395	150	60	90
Singaporean	100	60	40	20	10	10
Taiwanese	1,915	820	1,095	150	90	60
Thai	1,870	765	1,105	750	335	420
Tibetan	65	35	30	15	10	10
Vietnamese	37,935	18,285	19,650	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	240	110	130	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	1,605	835	770	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,605	835	770	575	320	260
Oceania origins	2,320	1,240	1,080	1,525	740	785
Australian	1,545	870	675	910	415	495
New Zealander	335	165	165	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	510	240	270	345	180	165
Fijian	60	25	35	80	45	30
Hawaiian	40	20	20	60	30	30
Maori	60	35	20	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	160	70	90	95	45	45
Samoan	15	15	0	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	210	100	110	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,493,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	792,165	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	701,275	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,493,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	257,170	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	1,236,270	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,493,445	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	15,695	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	319,095	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	478,475	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	443,605	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	236,570	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,493,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	652,580	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	260,010	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	154,685	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	141,880	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	284,290	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.4	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,493,445	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,462,860	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	30,580	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,493,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	1,400,980	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	92,465	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,493,445	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	408,255	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	489,690	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	210,540	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	139,245	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	82,045	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	89,310	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	74,350	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,493,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,393,340	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	100,100	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,493,440	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	940,735	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	523,875	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	28,830	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,493,445	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	51,085	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	228,605	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	282,645	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	301,455	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	281,400	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	199,555	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	110,325	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	38,365	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,491,345	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,111,925	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	379,420	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	326,480	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	792,065	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	63.7	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.0	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,194	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,283	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	324,403	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	383,731	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	701,275	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.2	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.1	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	781	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	848	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	491,785	240,535	251,245	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	611,030	295,005	316,025	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,754,215	849,920	904,300	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	358,465	207,255	151,210	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	259,375	133,375	126,000	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	99,090	73,880	25,205	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	497,000	223,425	273,570	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	115,785	48,355	67,425	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	782,965	370,880	412,085	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	482,435	220,110	262,335	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	73,335	34,170	39,170	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	21,590	10,810	10,780	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	174,310	87,200	87,115	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	31,290	18,595	12,695	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,912,585	940,435	972,145	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	206,950	110,950	96,005	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	341,735	171,985	169,750	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,363,900	657,500	706,390	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	273,400	154,245	119,155	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	200,515	100,170	100,345	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	72,885	54,075	18,815	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	347,985	160,640	187,345	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	87,310	37,135	50,175	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	655,200	305,480	349,725	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	401,200	182,205	218,990	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	60,400	27,015	33,380	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	17,110	7,535	9,575	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	151,140	74,420	76,720	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25,355	14,310	11,050	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,102,810	535,545	567,270	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	102,085	22,195	79,890	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	102,085	22,195	79,890	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	94,275	44,290	49,985	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	13,840	10,310	3,530	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	80,430	33,980	46,450	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	116,935	44,455	72,485	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20,775	4,560	16,215	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	10,015	3,030	6,985	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50,080	20,005	30,070	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	435	190	250	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,135	3,780	2,350	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,905	2,555	1,345	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	9,590	5,365	4,225	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	16,000	4,955	11,040	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	214,200	74,870	139,330	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,660	720	1,945	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	29,730	10,390	19,340	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	33,100	3,125	29,975	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	39,735	15,560	24,175	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,545	1,105	3,440	955	305	650
42. Psychology	29,500	7,225	22,275	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	74,925	36,750	38,180	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	421,125	173,085	248,040	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	405	160	245	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	17,875	4,005	13,875	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	402,845	168,920	233,925	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	79,455	42,570	36,885	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	29,100	11,835	17,265	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	14,900	8,725	6,180	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	8,800	4,465	4,330	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	23,670	15,945	7,725	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,990	1,600	1,390	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	87,380	61,300	26,075	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	71,550	53,710	17,840	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	5,630	1,065	4,560	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	8,870	5,530	3,345	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,330	995	330	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	318,500	281,185	37,315	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	16,935	9,875	7,065	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	100,950	81,795	19,160	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	53,920	48,495	5,425	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	10	25	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	58,165	56,225	1,940	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55,545	53,570	1,980	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	32,945	31,220	1,730	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	17,360	9,155	8,205	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,715	5,995	5,725	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	5,640	3,160	2,480	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	202,960	44,940	158,020	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	11,855	5,975	5,875	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	184,595	35,435	149,155	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,515	3,530	2,985	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	99,745	51,810	47,940	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	58,480	17,360	41,120	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	100	90	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	380	370	15	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	21,495	16,710	4,785	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,285	17,275	2,015	6,185	5,750	435
Other	205	70	130	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	200	70	135	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,912,580	940,435	972,145	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	548,685	282,930	265,755	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	71,150	14,685	56,470	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	71,150	14,680	56,470	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	74,475	35,380	39,095	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10,710	7,805	2,905	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	63,760	27,575	36,190	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	78,605	29,915	48,690	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	16,430	3,580	12,850	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	7,685	2,305	5,380	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	28,550	12,130	16,420	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	295	125	175	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,375	2,710	1,670	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,400	1,595	805	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	7,025	4,020	3,000	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	11,835	3,450	8,390	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	169,075	57,940	111,135	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,180	570	1,610	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	24,825	8,795	16,035	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	26,505	2,155	24,350	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	32,380	11,895	20,485	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	3,130	775	2,355	815	265	550
42. Psychology	22,735	5,345	17,385	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	57,325	28,410	28,920	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	341,060	137,975	203,080	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	325	135	195	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	14,395	3,185	11,205	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	326,335	134,655	191,685	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	53,615	27,870	25,745	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	24,020	9,525	14,495	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,635	4,415	3,225	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,880	1,085	790	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	17,795	11,625	6,170	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,280	1,220	1,055	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	76,745	54,155	22,590	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	64,640	48,500	16,140	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	4,430	880	3,550	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,695	4,080	2,610	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	980	695	290	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	250,200	217,215	32,980	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	14,265	8,120	6,145	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	86,415	68,905	17,510	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	41,310	36,800	4,510	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	10	20	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	42,255	40,600	1,655	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	41,825	40,155	1,670	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	24,090	22,620	1,470	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,475	7,435	7,040	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	9,610	4,745	4,865	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,865	2,695	2,170	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	156,205	34,180	122,020	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	9,755	4,855	4,900	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	141,345	26,875	114,470	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,100	2,455	2,650	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	78,130	40,700	37,430	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	45,060	13,130	31,935	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	65	55	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	245	230	10	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	16,750	12,945	3,805	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	16,010	14,335	1,670	4,885	4,545	340
Other	170	45	120	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	170	50	120	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,102,815	535,545	567,270	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,754,220	849,920	904,295	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	1,449,780	694,595	755,185	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	1,398,585	667,795	730,785	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	51,195	26,800	24,395	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	304,435	155,325	149,110	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	20,200	11,950	8,245	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	11,735	3,385	8,350	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	6,475	3,485	2,990	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	8,760	5,040	3,720	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15,430	6,990	8,435	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	49,795	28,030	21,765	395	235	165
Other	192,050	96,455	95,600	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,912,585	940,435	972,145	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	548,685	282,930	265,750	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,363,895	657,505	706,395	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	1,113,230	532,330	580,900	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	1,073,585	511,835	561,750	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	39,645	20,490	19,150	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	250,670	125,175	125,495	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,585	8,310	6,275	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	9,840	2,745	7,095	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	4,620	2,345	2,275	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	5,830	3,330	2,500	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	13,835	6,185	7,650	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	41,955	23,255	18,695	340	195	145
Other	160,005	79,015	80,990	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	1,876,245	968,165	908,080	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	1,731,345	889,975	841,370	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	144,895	78,190	66,705	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	980,785	417,300	563,485	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	65.7	69.9	61.7	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	60.6	64.2	57.2	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.1	7.3	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	939,280	397,870	541,410	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	1,917,745	987,595	930,155	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	900,485	494,500	405,980	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,017,265	493,090	524,175	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.8	42.0	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	1,876,245	968,165	908,080	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	55,950	28,015	27,935	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	1,820,295	940,150	880,145	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	1,605,355	806,625	798,725	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	214,945	133,525	81,415	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	1,876,245	968,165	908,080	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	55,950	28,015	27,935	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	1,820,295	940,150	880,145	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	195,940	121,825	74,115	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	328,325	112,295	216,030	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	150,130	117,385	32,745	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	123,630	27,345	96,285	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	223,385	67,350	156,035	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	80,795	39,825	40,970	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	446,655	218,635	228,020	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	188,645	177,420	11,225	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,395	8,765	1,630	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	72,400	49,305	23,095	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	1,876,240	968,165	908,080	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	55,950	28,010	27,940	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	1,820,295	940,150	880,140	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,575	3,470	2,105	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,160	1,615	545	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	11,975	7,575	4,395	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	84,025	72,805	11,225	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	176,725	121,710	55,015	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	85,240	52,785	32,455	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	217,870	105,690	112,185	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	88,900	66,225	22,675	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	67,355	40,170	27,185	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	92,360	41,210	51,155	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	34,100	19,885	14,215	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	172,105	98,800	73,310	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,425	915	1,510	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	88,710	53,180	35,530	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	142,910	47,570	95,335	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	221,370	45,755	175,610	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	42,295	22,175	20,115	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	123,345	63,030	60,315	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	79,135	34,005	45,135	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	81,695	41,575	40,125	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	1,731,345	889,975	841,375	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	115,440	59,135	56,310	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	6,240	4,425	1,815	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	147,265	106,145	41,125	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	1,462,395	720,270	742,130	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,462,395	720,270	742,130	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	749,930	353,160	396,760	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	206,610	101,195	105,415	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	500,850	262,820	238,030	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	5,010	3,090	1,920	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,609,665	826,410	783,255	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,013,430	563,125	450,305	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	51,850	17,375	34,475	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	405,265	175,440	229,825	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	89,475	40,060	49,415	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	36,415	23,180	13,235	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	13,235	7,235	5,995	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,609,660	826,415	783,255	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	272,975	126,840	146,135	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	521,490	271,540	249,950	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	428,470	234,340	194,135	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	202,860	103,215	99,645	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	183,860	90,470	93,395	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,609,665	826,410	783,250	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	112,530	83,300	29,230	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	272,180	156,545	115,625	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	451,420	205,525	245,895	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	340,865	152,480	188,385	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	195,405	91,290	104,120	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	237,265	137,265	100,000	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	1,978,240	1,016,915	961,325	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	1,726,980	883,560	843,425	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	1,708,380	874,295	834,080	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	387,615	208,840	178,775	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	1,320,765	665,460	655,305	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	18,605	9,260	9,345	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	55	10	40	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	15	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	15	15	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	0	25	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	0	25	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	18,550	9,245	9,300	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,760	1,030	730	300	155	145
Berber languages	35	0	25	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	15	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,725	1,020	705	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	1,585	955	630	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	140	70	70	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,585	795	795	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	255	115	140	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,335	685	650	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	50	60	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	255	80	175	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	240	70	170	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	145	75	70	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,020	3,890	4,135	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Armenian	280	135	145	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,020	445	575	480	245	235
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,000	435	565	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	45	10	30	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	155	60	95	65	50	20
Russian	665	310	350	280	145	135
Serbian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	40	70	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,090	450	630	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	15	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	195	70	120	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	10	0	10	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	850	370	480	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	515	260	255	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,225	705	520	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	635	365	275	685	455	225
Bengali	100	75	30	20	0	15
Gujarati	20	10	10	10	10	10
Hindi	35	25	15	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	410	225	190	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	75	40	35	10	0	10
Iranian languages	585	335	245	75	45	30
Kurdish	10	0	10	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	570	340	230	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,885	1,885	2,005	580	330	245
Catalan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italian	560	300	260	20	10	10
Portuguese	510	300	215	330	215	115
Romanian	305	135	165	10	10	0
Spanish	2,500	1,140	1,360	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	215	75	140	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	295	145	150	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	10	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	95	35	70	210	80	135
American Sign Language	0	0	0	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	60	10	55	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	25	10	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,795	2,970	2,820	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	5,795	2,970	2,825	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	2,600	1,290	1,310	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,910	1,530	1,380	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	35	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	200	105	95	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	40	15	0	10
Lao	50	20	25	10	0	10
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	100	50	45	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	90	45	50	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	0	30	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	40	10	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	251,260	133,360	117,895	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	229,525	122,235	107,295	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	5,745	3,285	2,460	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	5,355	2,480	2,875	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10,630	5,360	5,270	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	1,978,240	1,016,915	961,320	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	1,138,970	572,880	566,090	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	560,025	296,475	263,550	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	223,325	118,290	105,040	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	37,570	19,885	17,685	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	150	60	90	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	37,420	19,825	17,595	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	1,470	690	780	10	0	10
English and non-official language	11,175	5,485	5,690	65	45	20
French and non-official language	5,645	3,180	2,470	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	45	30	15	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,403,225	1,664,265	1,738,960	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	2,974,895	1,452,100	1,522,800	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	428,325	212,165	216,160	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	265,230	131,400	133,830	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	163,090	80,765	82,325	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	114,820	56,515	58,300	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	103,915	50,710	53,210	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	10,905	5,810	5,095	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	48,270	24,245	24,030	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	3,244,940	1,583,295	1,661,650	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	1,979,750	960,675	1,019,075	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	1,265,195	622,620	642,575	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	716,775	352,890	363,890	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	548,415	269,735	278,685	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	356,905	173,875	183,025	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	330,025	160,425	169,600	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	26,880	13,455	13,425	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	191,515	95,855	95,660	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Population centre], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]