Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nanaimo [Population centre], British Columbia and Asbestos [Population centre], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Nanaimo British Columbia [Population centre]			Asbestos Quebec [Population centre]
	Data quality , Nanaimo [Population centre], British Columbia Map : Nanaimo [Population centre], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Asbestos [Population centre], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	92,004	...	...	5,205	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	85,357 ^r	...	...	5,401^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	7.8	...	...	-3.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	41,562	...	...	2,744	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	39,790	...	...	2,593	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,266.7	...	...	1,463.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	72.63	...	...	3.56	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	92,000	44,380	47,625	5,205	2,485	2,720
0 to 14 years	13,325	6,765	6,560	745	385	360
0 to 4 years	4,255	2,145	2,110	215	120	100
5 to 9 years	4,735	2,430	2,305	270	140	130
10 to 14 years	4,335	2,190	2,145	260	130	130
15 to 64 years	58,200	28,250	29,955	2,810	1,360	1,450
15 to 19 years	4,765	2,445	2,320	240	130	110
20 to 24 years	5,585	2,790	2,790	210	105	105
25 to 29 years	5,600	2,830	2,765	180	90	95
30 to 34 years	5,750	2,800	2,950	225	115	110
35 to 39 years	5,195	2,540	2,655	255	135	120
40 to 44 years	5,175	2,525	2,645	240	120	125
45 to 49 years	5,625	2,640	2,980	240	120	120
50 to 54 years	6,340	3,025	3,315	320	145	175
55 to 59 years	7,080	3,360	3,720	415	185	230
60 to 64 years	7,095	3,285	3,805	485	225	265
65 years and over	20,470	9,360	11,115	1,655	735	915
65 to 69 years	6,555	3,060	3,495	530	270	265
70 to 74 years	4,840	2,345	2,500	410	190	220
75 to 79 years	3,460	1,640	1,820	290	130	160
80 to 84 years	2,560	1,175	1,385	200	80	120
85 years and over	3,060	1,145	1,915	215	60	155
85 to 89 years	1,870	790	1,085	140	50	95
90 to 94 years	900	285	615	55	10	40
95 to 99 years	245	65	180	20	0	20
100 years and over	40	5	35	0	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.2	13.8	14.3	15.5	13.2
15 to 64 years	63.3	63.7	62.9	54.0	54.7	53.3
65 years and over	22.3	21.1	23.3	31.8	29.6	33.6
85 years and over	3.3	2.6	4.0	4.1	2.4	5.7
Average age of the population	44.1	43.1	45.1	48.7	46.8	50.5
Median age of the population	45.5	44.0	46.8	54.1	51.7	56.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	39,790	...	...	2,590	...	...
Single-detached house	21,890	...	...	1,270	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,240	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	15,845	...	...	1,315	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,910	...	...	20	...	...
Row house	1,890	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,735	...	...	525	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,220	...	...	755	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	820	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	39,790	...	...	2,595	...	...
1 person	12,175	...	...	1,080	...	...
2 persons	15,465	...	...	1,000	...	...
3 persons	5,655	...	...	235	...	...
4 persons	4,250	...	...	175	...	...
5 or more persons	2,245	...	...	100	...	...
Number of persons in private households	89,370	...	...	5,050	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	78,675	37,610	41,065	4,465	2,095	2,360
Married or living common law	44,135	22,000	22,140	2,425	1,200	1,220
Married	35,385	17,640	17,745	1,600	795	805
Living common law	8,750	4,350	4,400	830	410	415
Not married and not living common law	34,540	15,615	18,925	2,035	895	1,140
Never married	20,000	10,880	9,120	1,080	605	475
Separated	2,495	1,035	1,455	50	25	30
Divorced	6,755	2,555	4,205	465	175	290
Widowed	5,290	1,150	4,145	435	95	345
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	26,030	...	...	1,450	...	...
2 persons	15,740	...	...	965	...	...
3 persons	5,065	...	...	225	...	...
4 persons	3,865	...	...	165	...	...
5 or more persons	1,360	...	...	95	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	26,035	...	...	1,450	...	...
Total couple families	21,455	...	...	1,185	...	...
Married couples	17,075	...	...	770	...	...
Common-law couples	4,375	...	...	415	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,580	...	...	265	...	...
Female parent	3,580	...	...	205	...	...
Male parent	995	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	21,455	...	...	1,185	...	...
Couples without children	12,860	...	...	815	...	...
Couples with children	8,590	...	...	370	...	...
1 child	3,755	...	...	155	...	...
2 children	3,565	...	...	130	...	...
3 or more children	1,265	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,580	...	...	260	...	...
1 child	2,880	...	...	150	...	...
2 children	1,310	...	...	70	...	...
3 or more children	390	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,055	9,440	10,620	1,270	560	705
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	39,790	...	...	2,590	...	...
One-census-family households	24,810	...	...	1,435	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	12,310	...	...	810	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	12,500	...	...	625	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	605	...	...	10	...	...
Non-census-family households	14,380	...	...	1,150	...	...
One-person households	12,175	...	...	1,085	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,200	...	...	70	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	90,215	43,735	46,485	5,120	2,460	2,665
English only	83,615	40,835	42,780	10	5	5
French only	10	5	10	3,945	1,785	2,160
English and French	6,045	2,675	3,375	1,165	665	500
Neither English nor French	545	220	315	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	90,215	43,735	46,480	5,120	2,455	2,665
English	88,455	42,925	45,530	80	40	40
French	1,075	520	555	5,015	2,405	2,615
English and French	160	80	85	25	15	10
Neither English nor French	525	210	315	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,155	560	595	90	45	40
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.8	1.8	1.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	90,215	43,730	46,480	5,120	2,460	2,665
Single responses	89,165	43,235	45,925	5,075	2,425	2,650
Official languages	79,510	38,705	40,800	5,035	2,405	2,630
English	78,310	38,130	40,180	70	35	35
French	1,195	575	620	4,970	2,370	2,600
Non-official languages	9,660	4,530	5,130	40	25	15
Aboriginal languages	110	40	70	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	10	25	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	20	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,550	4,490	5,055	40	20	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	335	230	105	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	325	225	100	5	5	0
Amharic	10	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	290	200	85	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	15	10	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	465	225	240	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	45	45	0	0	0
Vietnamese	375	175	200	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	610	230	380	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0	0	0
Fijian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	20	5	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	185	295	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,225	2,500	2,725	25	20	10
Albanian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	955	440	515	5	0	5
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	930	430	505	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Croatian	135	70	60	0	0	0
Czech	95	40	50	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	215	100	115	0	0	0
Russian	190	85	105	0	0	0
Serbian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	50	25	30	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	140	55	85	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,050	955	1,090	5	5	0
Afrikaans	80	40	35	0	0	0
Danish	190	95	95	0	0	0
Dutch	495	235	260	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,100	490	610	5	5	0
Icelandic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	70	30	40	0	0	0
Swedish	75	45	40	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	70	45	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,270	645	625	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,130	575	555	0	0	0
Bengali	25	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	40	25	20	0	0	0
Hindi	125	65	60	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	880	445	435	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	40	20	20	0	0	0
Iranian languages	140	70	70	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	140	65	70	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	840	400	445	20	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	210	110	95	5	0	0
Portuguese	120	60	65	5	0	0
Romanian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Spanish	465	210	260	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	280	100	185	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	395	160	235	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	5	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,750	815	940	0	5	0
Chinese languages	1,750	815	940	5	0	0
Cantonese	430	200	230	0	0	0
Hakka	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,165	540	625	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	10	20	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	100	60	40	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	10	55	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	65	15	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	10	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	260	125	135	0	0	0
Estonian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	75	30	45	0	0	0
Hungarian	165	85	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,050	495	555	45	30	15
English and French	255	120	130	35	25	10
English and non-official language	760	360	400	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	10	15	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	5	5	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	90,215	43,735	46,485	5,120	2,460	2,665
Single responses	88,465	42,925	45,545	5,070	2,425	2,640
Official languages	84,680	41,080	43,600	5,055	2,420	2,635
English	84,430	40,970	43,465	50	35	15
French	250	115	135	5,005	2,390	2,620
Non-official languages	3,785	1,840	1,945	15	10	5
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,780	1,840	1,945	15	10	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	115	75	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	185	110	70	0	0	0
Amharic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	165	105	65	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	305	150	155	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	35	30	0	0	0
Vietnamese	240	115	125	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	165	80	85	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	65	75	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,460	705	755	10	5	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	280	135	150	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	280	135	155	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Czech	35	20	20	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	50	25	25	0	0	0
Russian	115	55	60	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	200	95	110	0	0	0
Afrikaans	35	20	20	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dutch	55	25	25	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	95	40	55	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	5	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	720	355	365	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	640	320	315	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	45	25	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	540	270	270	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	80	35	50	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	80	30	45	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	115	120	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	35	20	20	0	0	0
Romanian	10	10	5	0	0	0
Spanish	150	80	70	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	125	55	65	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Korean	265	120	140	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,165	555	605	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,165	560	610	0	0	0
Cantonese	210	105	110	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	860	405	460	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	40	30	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	15	5	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,750	815	935	50	30	20
English and French	115	55	60	35	20	15
English and non-official language	1,600	745	855	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	5	10	10	5
English, French and non-official language	30	10	15	5	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	90,215	43,730	46,480	5,120	2,460	2,660
None	84,165	40,960	43,210	4,935	2,355	2,575
English	1,675	810	865	145	75	70
French	995	425	570	30	20	15
Non-official language	3,275	1,490	1,785	10	5	5
Aboriginal	125	50	75	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,150	1,440	1,710	5	10	0
English and French	10	5	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	55	25	25	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	10	25	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	76,065	36,545	39,520	4,310	2,055	2,250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	73,670	35,345	38,330	4,205	2,010	2,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,098	38,449	27,501	24,627	29,013	20,955
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	73,745	35,400	38,345	4,205	2,010	2,195
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,072	33,838	25,612	23,310	27,209	20,343
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	66,130	32,185	33,945	3,380	1,695	1,680
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,100	35,649	23,893	19,817	23,872	16,181
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	55,230	24,325	30,900	3,695	1,705	1,985
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,347	7,696	7,135	11,274	11,728	11,061
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	52,705	26,365	26,345	2,225	1,150	1,075
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,941	33,244	23,943	23,189	28,096	20,544
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	76,090	36,545	39,550	4,375	2,105	2,270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	73,735	35,330	38,400	4,280	2,060	2,215
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,636	47,644	34,188	32,637	34,552	30,855
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	73,795	35,390	38,405	4,280	2,065	2,215
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,793	39,781	30,196	28,411	29,910	27,017
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	66,075	32,120	33,955	3,460	1,765	1,695
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,417	46,139	31,114	28,507	29,637	27,329
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	55,100	24,285	30,810	3,695	1,695	1,995
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,308	8,293	8,320	11,085	11,126	11,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	52,760	26,295	26,465	2,300	1,195	1,110
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,734	43,196	30,312	29,075	32,622	25,246
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	76,090	36,545	39,545	4,375	2,105	2,270
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	20,775	11,515	9,260	925	505	425
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	48,760	54,403	44,450	39,094	42,219	33,139
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	55,480	60,758	48,917	42,817	47,641	37,125
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.8	88.1	80.7	68.5	73.1	63.4
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	64.6	67.9	60.3	49.3	54.6	42.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.1	12.0	19.3	31.5	27.1	36.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	76,065	36,545	39,520	4,305	2,055	2,250
Without total income	2,390	1,200	1,190	100	45	55
With total income	73,675	35,345	38,330	4,205	2,010	2,195
Percentage with total income	96.9	96.7	97.0	97.7	97.8	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,705	4,225	5,480	515	210	300
$10,000 to $19,999	13,880	5,355	8,525	1,135	410	720
$20,000 to $29,999	11,170	4,505	6,665	890	415	480
$30,000 to $39,999	9,390	4,200	5,185	650	345	305
$40,000 to $49,999	7,740	3,630	4,115	430	250	175
$50,000 to $59,999	5,935	3,080	2,855	245	155	95
$60,000 to $69,999	4,310	2,590	1,715	125	75	50
$70,000 to $79,999	3,235	2,005	1,230	105	65	35
$80,000 to $89,999	2,405	1,495	910	50	35	15
$90,000 to $99,999	1,755	1,115	640	20	10	5
$100,000 and over	4,150	3,145	1,005	50	40	10
$100,000 to $149,999	3,125	2,325	795	40	30	5
$150,000 and over	1,020	820	205	15	15	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	76,065	36,545	39,520	4,310	2,055	2,250
Without after-tax income	2,315	1,145	1,175	100	45	60
With after-tax income	73,745	35,400	38,345	4,205	2,010	2,195
Percentage with after-tax income	96.9	96.9	97.0	97.6	97.8	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,155	4,460	5,695	530	210	315
$10,000 to $19,999	14,625	5,725	8,905	1,180	425	760
$20,000 to $29,999	13,150	5,525	7,625	1,035	515	525
$30,000 to $39,999	10,835	4,915	5,925	745	415	330
$40,000 to $49,999	8,295	4,110	4,185	375	230	145
$50,000 to $59,999	5,595	3,270	2,325	185	115	70
$60,000 to $69,999	3,975	2,485	1,490	75	40	35
$70,000 to $79,999	2,740	1,670	1,070	30	20	10
$80,000 and over	4,370	3,245	1,125	45	40	10
$80,000 to $89,999	1,620	1,150	475	15	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	885	645	240	5	10	5
$100,000 and over	1,860	1,455	405	25	15	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	76,060	36,545	39,520	4,305	2,055	2,250
Without employment income	23,355	10,180	13,180	2,080	905	1,175
With employment income	52,705	26,360	26,345	2,225	1,150	1,075
Percentage with employment income	69.3	72.1	66.7	51.7	56.0	47.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,525	4,580	4,950	410	220	190
$5,000 to $9,999	4,205	1,785	2,425	190	80	110
$10,000 to $19,999	7,640	3,235	4,405	375	150	225
$20,000 to $29,999	6,255	2,750	3,510	390	155	235
$30,000 to $39,999	5,545	2,385	3,160	305	175	130
$40,000 to $49,999	4,765	2,175	2,590	195	120	75
$50,000 to $59,999	3,795	2,005	1,785	125	90	35
$60,000 to $69,999	2,800	1,700	1,095	75	55	25
$70,000 to $79,999	2,240	1,380	860	80	45	25
$80,000 and over	5,935	4,375	1,565	75	60	20
$80,000 to $89,999	1,745	1,130	620	30	20	15
$90,000 to $99,999	1,295	855	445	10	10	5
$100,000 and over	2,890	2,390	500	35	30	5
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	39,790	...	...	2,590	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	61,449	...	...	39,541	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	54,750	...	...	36,537	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	12,175	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,288	...	...	22,016	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,054	...	...	21,619	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	27,615	...	...	1,510	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,190	...	...	54,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,742	...	...	49,424	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	39,790	...	...	2,620	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,296	...	...	53,276	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	64,526	...	...	46,378	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,190	...	...	1,085	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,111	...	...	27,446	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,472	...	...	24,785	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	27,600	...	...	1,535	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,839	...	...	71,650	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,802	...	...	61,738	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	39,790	...	...	2,590	...	...
Under $5,000	695	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	545	...	...	70	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,435	...	...	175	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,880	...	...	245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,050	...	...	210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,720	...	...	180	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,975	...	...	210	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,980	...	...	210	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,975	...	...	175	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,760	...	...	140	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,430	...	...	245	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,980	...	...	175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,625	...	...	150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,440	...	...	110	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,095	...	...	70	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,210	...	...	215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,935	...	...	115	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,465	...	...	55	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,385	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,420	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	39,790	...	...	2,595	...	...
Under $5,000	730	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	545	...	...	75	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,460	...	...	175	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,935	...	...	250	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,325	...	...	240	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,145	...	...	200	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,320	...	...	255	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,335	...	...	215	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,240	...	...	185	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,060	...	...	190	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,720	...	...	235	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,335	...	...	170	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,985	...	...	135	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,490	...	...	80	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,985	...	...	60	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,180	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,405	...	...	65	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,810	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,965	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	25,870	...	...	1,460	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,380	...	...	55,066	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	69,705	...	...	49,933	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	12,060	...	...	800	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,630	...	...	50,773	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,625	...	...	46,876	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	8,675	...	...	375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,231	...	...	79,275	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,610	...	...	70,869	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,325	...	...	260	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,658	...	...	38,848	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,450	...	...	37,845	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	25,850	...	...	1,475	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,748	...	...	72,657	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,560	...	...	62,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	12,050	...	...	805	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,671	...	...	63,555	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,083	...	...	54,812	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	8,725	...	...	395	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,189	...	...	88,649	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,943	...	...	77,014	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,310	...	...	250	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,203	...	...	77,779	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,847	...	...	65,039	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	18,050	8,595	9,460	1,200	535	665
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,941	29,114	27,211	21,632	22,368	21,152
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,818	26,362	25,400	21,276	21,920	20,909
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	18,080	8,630	9,455	1,220	555	660
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,967	37,831	34,265	26,649	28,507	25,084
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,118	32,143	30,182	24,107	25,259	23,137
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	89,370	43,295	46,075	5,050	2,445	2,610
In the bottom half of the distribution	49,405	23,250	26,155	4,025	1,910	2,115
In the bottom decile	11,765	5,570	6,190	700	335	365
In the second decile	10,270	4,615	5,650	1,050	450	590
In the third decile	9,275	4,350	4,925	925	445	480
In the fourth decile	9,280	4,450	4,825	800	400	405
In the fifth decile	8,820	4,270	4,555	555	280	270
In the top half of the distribution	39,960	20,040	19,920	1,025	535	490
In the sixth decile	8,595	4,230	4,365	385	200	185
In the seventh decile	8,840	4,395	4,445	300	155	140
In the eighth decile	8,525	4,250	4,285	190	100	85
In the ninth decile	7,955	4,035	3,920	100	50	50
In the top decile	6,045	3,140	2,910	45	25	25
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	88,780	43,010	45,770	5,050	2,440	2,605
0 to 17 years	15,865	8,085	7,780	895	470	430
0 to 5 years	5,130	2,595	2,535	265	145	120
18 to 64 years	54,460	26,215	28,240	2,640	1,275	1,370
65 years and over	18,455	8,705	9,750	1,510	700	810
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,140	6,950	8,190	1,235	545	695
0 to 17 years	3,635	1,855	1,775	255	135	120
0 to 5 years	1,255	630	620	100	50	50
18 to 64 years	9,170	4,200	4,965	615	275	340
65 years and over	2,335	890	1,445	370	130	235
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.1	16.2	17.9	24.5	22.3	26.7
0 to 17 years (%)	22.9	22.9	22.8	28.5	28.7	27.9
0 to 5 years (%)	24.5	24.3	24.5	37.7	34.5	41.7
18 to 64 years (%)	16.8	16.0	17.6	23.3	21.6	24.8
65 years and over (%)	12.7	10.2	14.8	24.5	18.6	29.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,405	4,570	4,835	470	240	230
0 to 17 years	2,050	1,075	975	85	40	45
0 to 5 years	715	380	340	30	15	10
18 to 64 years	6,885	3,305	3,580	360	185	175
65 years and over	470	195	275	30	15	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	9.3	9.8	8.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	13.3	12.5	9.5	8.5	10.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.9	14.6	13.4	11.3	10.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.6	12.7	13.6	14.5	12.8
65 years and over (%)	2.5	2.2	2.8	2.0	2.1	1.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	89,445	43,315	46,130	5,075	2,475	2,600
Official languages	88,905	43,085	45,820	5,070	2,475	2,595
English	88,895	43,080	45,820	1,205	695	515
French	6,035	2,700	3,330	5,060	2,470	2,595
Non-official languages	12,740	5,965	6,770	90	55	40
Aboriginal languages	250	120	125	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	45	30	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	20	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	80	40	45	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	60	25	35	0	0	0
Lillooet	10	10	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	85	40	50	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	35	25	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	50	20	35	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,500	5,850	6,650	95	55	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	390	255	135	0	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	375	260	125	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	330	240	85	0	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	15	25	0	0	0
Maltese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	500	265	230	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	65	35	0	0	0
Vietnamese	405	200	205	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	810	280	530	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	105	45	60	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	0	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	45	25	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	50	10	40	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	715	245	475	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0	10	0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Kannada	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tamil	20	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,530	3,555	3,975	80	50	35
Albanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,005	455	555	0	0	0
Baltic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	995	450	545	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Croatian	175	95	90	0	0	0
Czech	115	55	60	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	200	85	115	0	0	0
Russian	225	80	140	0	0	0
Serbian	75	20	50	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	25	0	0	0	0
Slovak	40	10	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	190	75	115	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	50	25	20	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	15	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,715	1,245	1,470	10	0	0
Afrikaans	205	120	85	0	0	0
Danish	200	85	110	0	0	0
Dutch	615	275	345	0	0	0
Frisian	25	10	10	0	0	0
German	1,545	720	820	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	10	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	105	50	50	0	0	0
Swedish	125	45	75	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	30	15	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	115	60	55	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,610	815	795	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	700	700	0	0	0
Bengali	35	15	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	75	30	45	0	0	0
Hindi	385	175	210	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	0	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,100	575	520	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	100	60	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	205	110	95	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	205	110	95	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,240	1,050	1,190	75	45	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	370	160	205	15	10	0
Portuguese	225	100	130	0	0	0
Romanian	75	45	30	0	0	0
Spanish	1,675	785	885	60	30	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	490	210	280	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	360	175	185	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	175	105	70	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	10	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ga	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ganda	25	10	15	0	0	0
Igbo	35	25	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Shona	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swahili	30	15	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	30	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	135	40	95	0	0	0
American Sign Language	70	25	45	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	65	15	50	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,035	955	1,075	10	10	0
Chinese languages	2,025	950	1,070	10	10	0
Cantonese	540	245	295	10	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,455	685	775	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	10	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	110	55	55	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	10	55	0	0	0
Lao	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	65	10	50	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	30	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	30	15	20	0	0	0
Turkish	30	15	15	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	270	105	165	0	0	0
Estonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	75	30	40	0	0	0
Hungarian	190	70	120	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	89,445	43,315	46,130	5,075	2,475	2,595
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	84,870	41,100	43,775	5,030	2,445	2,580
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,505	7,925	7,580	885	465	420
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	69,365	33,175	36,190	4,140	1,980	2,165
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	4,575	2,220	2,355	45	30	20
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	89,445	43,320	46,130	5,075	2,475	2,595
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	74,540	36,205	38,340	4,970	2,410	2,560
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	13,470	6,305	7,160	105	65	35
Before 1981	6,850	3,325	3,520	35	20	15
1981 to 1990	1,380	610	770	10	0	10
1991 to 2000	1,515	675	840	10	10	0
2001 to 2010	2,430	1,100	1,325	30	20	10
2001 to 2005	1,090	500	590	10	10	0
2006 to 2010	1,340	605	730	20	15	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,295	595	705	20	15	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,435	805	630	0	0	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	13,470	6,310	7,160	100	65	35
Under 5 years	1,605	805	805	25	25	0
5 to 14 years	2,420	1,195	1,220	0	0	10
15 to 24 years	3,080	1,375	1,705	20	10	10
25 to 44 years	5,410	2,510	2,900	40	20	20
45 years and over	950	425	525	15	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	13,470	6,310	7,165	100	70	35
Americas	1,670	720	955	50	30	25
Brazil	45	15	30	0	0	0
Colombia	55	15	35	10	10	0
El Salvador	15	0	10	0	0	0
Guyana	20	10	10	0	0	0
Haiti	15	0	15	0	0	10
Jamaica	30	0	20	0	0	0
Mexico	95	35	55	0	0	0
Peru	55	20	35	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	30	20	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,100	510	595	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	220	90	130	10	10	0
Europe	6,855	3,380	3,475	35	25	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10	0	0	0
Croatia	155	70	85	0	0	0
France	95	50	45	10	0	0
Germany	765	360	410	0	0	0
Greece	45	35	10	0	0	0
Hungary	125	55	65	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	95	50	50	0	0	0
Italy	135	75	60	15	10	0
Netherlands	490	225	270	0	0	0
Poland	150	85	65	0	0	0
Portugal	45	25	20	0	0	0
Romania	90	45	45	0	0	0
Russian Federation	75	30	50	10	10	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	50	20	25	0	0	0
Ukraine	55	25	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,710	1,845	1,860	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	760	380	375	0	10	0
Africa	595	325	265	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	30	20	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kenya	25	15	10	0	0	0
Morocco	15	15	0	10	0	0
Nigeria	25	15	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	315	175	145	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	170	80	90	10	0	10
Asia	4,140	1,795	2,350	15	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	25	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	815	370	445	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	130	80	55	10	0	0
India	860	425	435	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	185	105	85	0	0	0
Iraq	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japan	160	40	115	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	285	120	160	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	15	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	40	10	25	0	0	0
Philippines	700	235	460	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	15	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	55	20	35	0	0	0
Taiwan	70	30	40	0	0	0
Viet Nam	360	155	210	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	410	155	260	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	210	95	110	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,295	590	700	20	20	0
Americas	135	75	55	15	15	10
Brazil	20	10	10	0	0	0
Colombia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	15	10	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	90	60	30	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	10	0
Europe	220	85	135	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	50	0	45	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	0	15	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	0	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	100	60	45	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	0	0	0
Africa	55	40	15	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	0	10	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0	0	0	0
Asia	875	395	480	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	255	110	145	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	100	50	50	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	75	30	40	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	270	135	140	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	60	20	40	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	20	0	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	20	20	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	89,450	43,315	46,130	5,075	2,475	2,595
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	15,655	7,515	8,145	105	70	40
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	17,660	8,380	9,280	80	50	25
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	56,130	27,425	28,700	4,885	2,355	2,530
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	6,890	3,140	3,750	70	50	20
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	3,450	1,680	1,770	10	0	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,410	805	605	0	0	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	2,040	875	1,165	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,635	1,040	1,590	45	35	10
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	760	390	370	15	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	89,445	43,320	46,130	5,075	2,475	2,595
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	6,920	3,200	3,715	45	20	25
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	6,775	3,145	3,630	35	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	4,430	2,055	2,370	25	10	10
Métis	2,305	1,065	1,240	15	10	10
Inuk (Inuit)	40	20	20	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	90	40	50	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	55	10	40	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	82,530	40,115	42,415	5,030	2,460	2,575
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	89,445	43,320	46,130	5,075	2,475	2,600
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	3,510	1,690	1,825	10	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	85,935	41,630	44,305	5,065	2,475	2,585
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	89,445	43,315	46,130	5,075	2,475	2,600
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	2,380	1,170	1,215	20	10	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,350	1,165	1,190	20	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,050	1,015	1,035	20	10	10
Métis single ancestry	300	145	150	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	10	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	10	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	5,525	2,530	2,995	95	40	55
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	5,310	2,445	2,875	95	40	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,415	1,595	1,815	85	25	55
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,825	800	1,025	15	15	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	45	30	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	215	90	125	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	210	90	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	81,535	39,615	41,920	4,960	2,425	2,530
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	89,445	43,320	46,125	5,075	2,475	2,600
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	8,875	4,295	4,585	60	40	20
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,970	1,020	945	0	0	0
Chinese	2,320	1,115	1,205	0	0	0
Black	645	340	305	30	15	10
Filipino	935	410	520	10	0	10
Latin American	480	205	275	15	15	10
Arab	275	195	80	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	790	340	445	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	175	95	80	0	0	0
Korean	400	180	220	0	0	0
Japanese	535	215	325	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	65	40	30	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	280	130	145	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	80,565	39,020	41,550	5,015	2,435	2,580
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	89,445	43,320	46,130	5,075	2,475	2,600
North American Aboriginal origins	7,910	3,700	4,210	120	50	65
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,710	2,710	3,000	105	40	70
Inuit	85	45	35	0	0	0
Métis	2,360	1,040	1,320	15	15	0
Other North American origins	24,315	11,875	12,440	4,150	1,970	2,180
Acadian	130	90	40	0	0	0
American	1,800	890	910	20	0	15
Canadian	23,020	11,215	11,800	4,090	1,940	2,155
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	60	25	40	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	15	10	10	65	45	25
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	70,000	33,500	36,505	1,575	790	785
British Isles origins	52,345	25,075	27,275	340	175	170
Channel Islander	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	15	10	10	0	0	0
English	33,920	16,065	17,855	125	65	55
Irish	16,990	7,815	9,180	200	100	105
Manx	60	30	25	0	0	0
Scottish	22,905	10,850	12,055	45	15	30
Welsh	3,650	1,685	1,965	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	3,345	1,510	1,835	10	10	0
French origins	9,935	4,685	5,255	1,300	635	665
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	10	0	25	10	20
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	9,930	4,675	5,250	1,275	630	645
Western European origins (except French origins)	19,075	8,815	10,265	65	40	25
Austrian	875	415	465	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	650	310	345	15	15	10
Dutch	5,020	2,265	2,750	0	0	0
Flemish	60	30	25	0	0	0
Frisian	10	0	10	0	0	0
German	13,655	6,320	7,335	40	15	20
Luxembourger	10	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss	480	220	260	10	10	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	9,750	4,680	5,080	10	0	0
Danish	1,740	825	915	0	0	0
Finnish	960	430	535	0	0	0
Icelandic	725	350	375	0	0	0
Norwegian	4,005	2,020	1,990	10	0	0
Swedish	2,875	1,325	1,550	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	450	190	260	10	10	0
Eastern European origins	11,640	5,290	6,345	25	15	10
Bulgarian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	0	25	0	0	0
Czech	455	210	245	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	255	95	165	0	0	0
Estonian	125	45	75	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,285	490	795	0	0	0
Latvian	125	80	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	115	55	60	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	3,330	1,455	1,875	10	0	0
Romanian	550	280	275	0	0	0
Russian	2,075	935	1,140	10	10	0
Slovak	180	55	120	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5,015	2,375	2,640	10	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	20	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins	6,185	2,975	3,210	40	25	10
Albanian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	510	245	255	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	390	205	185	0	0	0
Italian	3,545	1,750	1,790	35	25	10
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Maltese	55	30	25	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	530	255	270	0	0	0
Serbian	120	40	75	0	0	0
Sicilian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Slovenian	110	45	65	0	0	0
Spanish	1,025	425	600	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	215	110	105	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	505	265	240	0	0	0
Basque	0	10	0	0	0	0
Jewish	170	90	80	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	295	155	135	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	340	125	205	20	15	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	25	10	20	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	10	25	15	10
Jamaican	130	65	65	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	30	20	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	90	25	60	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	10	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	885	425	465	35	30	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	95	35	60	0	0	0
Chilean	85	50	30	0	0	0
Colombian	80	20	60	20	10	10
Costa Rican	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	10	10	0
Guyanese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Hispanic	35	20	10	0	0	0
Honduran	45	15	20	0	0	0
Maya	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mexican	310	160	155	10	15	0
Nicaraguan	40	25	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	55	25	25	0	0	0
Salvadorean	25	0	25	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	40	20	15	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	20	10	0	0	0	0
African origins	1,020	560	460	20	20	0
Central and West African origins	135	90	40	10	10	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	85	60	25	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	0	10	10	0
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	65	55	15	10	0	0
Algerian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	35	25	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	445	230	215	0	0	0
Afrikaner	10	0	10	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	30	0	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	0	0	0	0
South African	300	155	140	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	35	10	20	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	20	15	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	30	20	15	0	0	0
Other African origins	380	190	185	15	10	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	35	10	20	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	345	175	165	15	10	0
Asian origins	8,610	4,105	4,505	25	15	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	965	530	435	10	10	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	150	110	40	0	0	0
Armenian	35	15	25	15	10	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	325	165	155	0	0	0
Iraqi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Israeli	20	0	25	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	20	10	15	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	165	95	65	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	70	75	0	0	0	0
Syrian	130	50	75	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	10	10	0	0	0
Turk	45	20	25	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	30	30	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	2,060	1,065	990	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,775	925	855	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	0	15	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	0	15	10	10	0
Punjabi	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	35	25	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	25	10	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,625	2,520	3,105	15	10	0
Burmese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	145	80	70	0	0	0
Chinese	2,800	1,315	1,485	15	10	0
Filipino	1,055	415	640	10	0	0
Hmong	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indonesian	125	60	70	0	0	0
Japanese	645	270	380	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	410	185	220	0	0	0
Laotian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	45	10	35	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	15	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwanese	65	20	40	0	0	0
Thai	80	15	65	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	560	245	315	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	650	330	315	0	0	0
Australian	335	175	165	0	0	0
New Zealander	105	40	60	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	205	115	95	0	0	0
Fijian	55	30	25	0	0	0
Hawaiian	120	70	55	0	0	0
Maori	20	15	10	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	39,790	...	...	2,620	...	...
Owner	26,975	...	...	1,415	...	...
Renter	12,765	...	...	1,205	...	...
Band housing	55	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	39,790	...	...	2,620	...	...
Condominium	6,045	...	...	100	...	...
Not condominium	33,745	...	...	2,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	39,790	...	...	2,620	...	...
No bedrooms	270	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	4,820	...	...	215	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,410	...	...	755	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,750	...	...	1,210	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,545	...	...	435	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	39,790	...	...	2,620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,825	...	...	725	...	...
5 rooms	6,610	...	...	775	...	...
6 rooms	5,745	...	...	375	...	...
7 rooms	4,660	...	...	280	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,950	...	...	470	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	39,790	...	...	2,620	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,560	...	...	2,615	...	...
More than 1 person per room	225	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	39,790	...	...	2,620	...	...
Suitable	38,565	...	...	2,595	...	...
Not suitable	1,225	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	39,790	...	...	2,620	...	...
1960 or before	5,735	...	...	1,120	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,685	...	...	1,155	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,145	...	...	145	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,750	...	...	95	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,420	...	...	30	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,485	...	...	15	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,580	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	39,790	...	...	2,620	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	37,395	...	...	2,485	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,400	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	39,795	...	...	2,620	...	...
1 household maintainer	23,185	...	...	1,935	...	...
2 household maintainers	15,540	...	...	680	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,065	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	39,790	...	...	2,620	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,560	...	...	65	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,210	...	...	230	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,760	...	...	295	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,945	...	...	410	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,345	...	...	580	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,800	...	...	630	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,760	...	...	330	...	...
85 years and over	1,405	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	39,560	...	...	2,620	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,860	...	...	2,055	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,695	...	...	560	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,380	...	...	550	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,845	...	...	1,415	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	59.1	...	...	48.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	17.1	...	...	11.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	992	...	...	572	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,131	...	...	690	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	369,271	...	...	120,050	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	401,601	...	...	132,822	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,730	...	...	1,205	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.2	...	...	12.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	47.9	...	...	33.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	911	...	...	498	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	978	...	...	521	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	76,090	36,545	39,550	4,370	2,105	2,270
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,410	5,925	5,485	1,450	650	800
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	23,490	11,310	12,175	935	410	520
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,190	19,305	21,885	1,990	1,045	945
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,015	5,800	2,215	1,080	625	455
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,240	1,730	1,510	830	460	370
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,780	4,070	705	245	165	80
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,665	5,570	9,090	560	250	305
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,570	1,270	2,300	80	45	30
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	14,940	6,665	8,275	270	115	150
Bachelor's degree	9,610	4,155	5,455	185	85	105
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,110	460	645	55	25	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	490	310	175	10	10	0
Master's degree	3,095	1,365	1,725	20	10	20
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	640	365	270	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	47,335	22,595	24,740	2,425	1,180	1,245
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,655	2,665	1,985	620	290	330
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,490	6,755	6,730	445	190	255
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,190	13,165	16,025	1,355	700	650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,055	3,735	1,325	820	475	345
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,080	1,140	945	625	350	275
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,975	2,590	385	195	125	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	10,530	3,975	6,555	310	140	175
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,515	890	1,625	30	10	20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,090	4,570	6,520	185	75	115
Bachelor's degree	7,290	2,990	4,295	135	55	80
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	305	465	40	15	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	180	155	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,295	910	1,380	20	0	15
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	400	185	215	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	76,095	36,545	39,545	4,375	2,105	2,270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	34,900	17,240	17,660	2,385	1,060	1,320
Education	3,100	835	2,270	165	55	110
13. Education	3,100	835	2,265	170	50	115
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,385	575	805	45	10	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	170	40	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,170	410	765	45	15	30
Humanities	1,795	800	1,000	40	20	20
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	145	60	85	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	625	250	380	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	430	155	275	20	15	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	60	40	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	140	60	0	10	0
54. History	265	135	130	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	25	0	20	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,165	1,405	2,755	100	20	80
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	20	55	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	245	115	135	10	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	970	110	860	50	0	55
22. Legal professions and studies	590	180	415	20	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	70	25	50	0	0	0
42. Psychology	755	200	560	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,455	770	695	15	15	0
Business, management and public administration	7,785	2,615	5,165	335	65	275
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	590	115	475	30	0	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,190	2,500	4,685	315	65	250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,470	745	725	40	25	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	820	385	440	10	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	80	135	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	20	0	10	10	10
40. Physical sciences	310	220	90	15	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	45	55	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,130	720	415	20	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	910	620	290	20	20	0
25. Library science	90	10	80	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	85	40	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,205	7,760	445	685	650	35
04. Architecture and related services	175	105	65	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,085	975	105	10	15	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,395	1,260	135	95	90	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,535	2,460	75	160	145	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,090	2,045	45	150	145	10
48. Precision production	935	915	20	265	255	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,210	825	380	40	30	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	505	265	235	30	15	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	700	560	145	10	10	0
Health and related fields	7,760	1,445	6,315	295	55	245
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	495	240	255	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	7,080	1,080	6,000	290	45	240
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	195	130	65	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,180	1,565	1,610	215	90	125
12. Personal and culinary services	2,135	655	1,485	140	25	115
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	285	230	55	25	20	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	730	665	70	55	45	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	47,335	22,595	24,740	2,420	1,180	1,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	18,140	9,425	8,720	1,065	480	585
Education	2,050	465	1,585	95	40	60
13. Education	2,050	460	1,585	100	40	60
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	970	390	580	40	15	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	95	30	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	850	295	550	35	15	25
Humanities	1,240	545	690	15	0	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	95	40	55	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	465	180	285	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	305	115	185	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	30	20	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	85	40	0	0	0
54. History	185	100	85	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	20	0	15	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,225	1,015	2,210	70	10	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	35	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	100	115	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	765	90	675	35	0	35
22. Legal professions and studies	485	130	360	20	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	60	15	40	10	0	10
42. Psychology	565	135	425	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	1,090	535	555	0	0	10
Business, management and public administration	5,560	1,875	3,685	230	40	190
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	10	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	455	95	365	25	0	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,095	1,785	3,310	205	40	170
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,000	470	530	30	20	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	600	265	330	10	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	50	95	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	15	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	175	115	60	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	25	40	0	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	895	600	295	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	790	560	235	15	15	10
25. Library science	60	0	55	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	35	10	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,340	5,010	330	455	435	25
04. Architecture and related services	135	70	70	0	0	0
14. Engineering	660	575	85	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	890	810	75	55	50	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,755	1,695	60	90	85	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,330	1,305	30	105	100	0
48. Precision production	570	550	20	205	195	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	950	625	325	30	20	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	385	200	190	25	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	425	140	10	10	0
Health and related fields	5,755	1,100	4,655	205	40	165
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	385	195	190	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	5,250	835	4,415	200	35	165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	120	70	50	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,205	1,070	1,135	170	75	95
12. Personal and culinary services	1,500	470	1,030	105	20	90
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	205	155	45	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	495	440	60	50	45	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	76,090	36,545	39,550	4,370	2,105	2,270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,900	17,240	17,660	2,385	1,065	1,325
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	41,190	19,305	21,890	1,990	1,040	945
Location of study inside Canada	35,580	16,465	19,110	1,970	1,030	935
Same as province or territory of residence	26,245	11,865	14,380	1,935	1,010	925
Different than province or territory of residence	9,335	4,600	4,735	25	20	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,615	2,840	2,775	25	15	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,195	655	540	0	0	0
Philippines	330	100	235	10	0	0
India	280	155	125	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,465	805	660	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	385	185	200	0	0	0
France	30	10	20	0	0	0
Other	1,930	925	1,005	10	10	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	47,335	22,590	24,740	2,425	1,180	1,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,140	9,430	8,715	1,065	475	585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	29,195	13,170	16,025	1,355	705	650
Location of study inside Canada	25,955	11,690	14,265	1,350	700	650
Same as province or territory of residence	20,045	8,810	11,235	1,330	690	640
Different than province or territory of residence	5,915	2,880	3,030	20	10	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,235	1,480	1,760	10	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	635	305	330	0	0	0
Philippines	285	90	200	0	0	10
India	210	110	105	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	645	330	315	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	335	165	170	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other	1,115	480	635	10	10	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	76,090	36,545	39,545	4,375	2,105	2,270
In the labour force	45,570	22,990	22,575	1,985	1,015	975
Employed	42,045	20,995	21,045	1,820	925	900
Unemployed	3,525	1,990	1,530	160	90	70
Not in the labour force	30,525	13,555	16,970	2,390	1,095	1,295
Participation rate	59.9	62.9	57.1	45.4	48.2	43.0
Employment rate	55.3	57.4	53.2	41.6	43.9	39.6
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.7	6.8	8.1	8.9	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	76,090	36,545	39,545	4,375	2,105	2,265
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	28,195	12,600	15,595	2,320	1,050	1,270
Worked	47,895	23,945	23,950	2,050	1,055	995
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	21,410	11,950	9,460	925	505	425
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	26,485	11,995	14,490	1,125	555	575
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.0	41.5	41.9	41.2	42.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	45,570	22,990	22,580	1,985	1,010	975
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,010	580	425	75	35	40
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	44,555	22,405	22,155	1,910	980	935
Employee	38,540	18,855	19,685	1,705	870	830
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	6,015	3,550	2,470	205	105	105
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	45,565	22,985	22,580	1,985	1,015	970
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,010	580	430	75	35	40
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	44,560	22,410	22,150	1,910	975	935
0 Management occupations	4,310	2,595	1,720	130	75	50
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,940	1,550	4,390	240	70	165
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,690	2,190	505	45	40	10
3 Health occupations	3,935	790	3,140	185	35	150
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,895	1,490	3,400	185	50	135
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,310	525	785	15	10	10
6 Sales and service occupations	12,735	5,245	7,495	460	165	290
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,665	6,255	405	385	380	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,070	905	165	60	35	25
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,005	860	145	210	120	90
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	45,570	22,990	22,580	1,985	1,010	975
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,010	585	425	75	35	40
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	44,560	22,405	22,150	1,910	975	935
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,000	815	185	40	25	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	310	280	25	15	15	0
22 Utilities	220	170	55	0	0	0
23 Construction	3,865	3,410	455	85	80	0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,895	1,435	465	425	300	125
41 Wholesale trade	1,100	855	245	25	15	10
44-45 Retail trade	6,665	3,065	3,600	350	150	205
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,000	1,570	430	120	110	15
51 Information and cultural industries	1,230	780	450	25	15	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,445	500	940	40	10	35
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	765	410	360	15	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,840	1,565	1,270	30	20	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,340	1,340	1,005	85	25	60
61 Educational services	3,075	970	2,110	85	35	55
62 Health care and social assistance	6,745	1,315	5,430	305	50	255
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	855	375	480	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,925	1,560	2,365	85	30	60
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,060	855	1,205	105	65	40
91 Public administration	2,215	1,145	1,075	50	25	25
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	42,045	20,995	21,045	1,825	920	905
Worked at home	3,305	1,565	1,740	65	30	35
Worked outside Canada	135	85	50	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	6,340	4,815	1,520	145	120	30
Worked at usual place	32,265	14,525	17,735	1,605	765	835
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	32,265	14,530	17,735	1,605	765	835
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,455	11,100	15,360	710	255	455
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,375	1,870	1,500	240	105	140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,075	1,280	800	645	405	240
Commute to a different province or territory	350	280	75	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	38,600	19,345	19,255	1,750	880	870
Car, truck, van - as a driver	30,680	15,525	15,150	1,465	745	715
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,360	1,015	1,345	85	50	35
Public transit	1,600	700	895	10	0	0
Walked	2,495	1,075	1,420	170	65	100
Bicycle	610	410	200	10	10	0
Other method	855	615	240	15	10	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	38,600	19,345	19,255	1,750	880	865
Less than 15 minutes	17,250	7,830	9,425	940	370	575
15 to 29 minutes	14,470	7,145	7,330	365	220	140
30 to 44 minutes	4,115	2,505	1,605	210	150	55
45 to 59 minutes	1,065	680	385	165	75	90
60 minutes and over	1,700	1,185	515	70	65	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	38,600	19,350	19,255	1,745	880	870
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,190	1,510	685	110	80	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,980	3,235	1,740	360	265	100
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,490	5,430	5,060	500	225	270
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,135	3,735	5,400	340	130	210
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,280	2,100	3,180	145	35	110
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,525	3,340	3,190	295	145	145
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	49,385	24,635	24,750	2,125	1,085	1,040
Single responses	49,180	24,520	24,660	2,060	1,055	1,000
Official languages	48,935	24,380	24,560	2,065	1,055	1,005
English	48,840	24,360	24,480	15	10	10
French	95	15	80	2,040	1,050	990
Non-official languages	245	145	100	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	245	140	100	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	30	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	10	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	60	40	0	0	0
Chinese languages	100	65	40	0	0	0
Cantonese	20	15	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	35	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	205	115	85	65	25	35
English and French	45	15	25	65	30	35
English and non-official language	150	95	55	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	49,385	24,635	24,750	2,125	1,090	1,040
None	48,205	24,120	24,080	1,850	915	930
English	180	75	105	260	160	95
French	325	150	170	10	0	0
Non-official language	660	290	375	0	0	0
Aboriginal	40	10	30	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	620	280	340	10	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	88,730	43,005	45,725	5,035	2,450	2,580
Non-movers	72,755	35,255	37,500	4,455	2,170	2,285
Movers	15,970	7,750	8,225	575	285	295
Non-migrants	10,005	4,860	5,145	315	150	160
Migrants	5,970	2,890	3,080	265	130	135
Internal migrants	5,150	2,490	2,665	260	125	135
Intraprovincial migrants	3,465	1,610	1,860	235	120	120
Interprovincial migrants	1,685	880	805	20	10	15
External migrants	820	405	415	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	85,185	41,220	43,965	4,860	2,355	2,505
Non-movers	45,660	22,090	23,565	3,165	1,500	1,665
Movers	39,525	19,125	20,400	1,695	850	840
Non-migrants	21,660	10,410	11,250	1,105	580	520
Migrants	17,865	8,715	9,150	590	275	315
Internal migrants	15,110	7,355	7,755	570	265	305
Intraprovincial migrants	10,190	4,895	5,290	560	260	300
Interprovincial migrants	4,925	2,460	2,460	10	10	10
External migrants	2,760	1,360	1,400	20	10	15

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Nanaimo [Population centre], British Columbia and Asbestos [Population centre], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nanaimo [Population centre], British Columbia and Asbestos [Population centre], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Nanaimo [Population centre], British Columbia and Asbestos [Population centre], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nanaimo [Population centre], British Columbia and Asbestos [Population centre], Quebec