Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Oshawa Ontario [Population centre]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario Map : Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	308,875	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	290,704 ^r	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	116,268	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	113,297	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,998.3	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	154.57	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	308,870	150,505	158,365	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	56,210	28,825	27,380	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	17,335	8,900	8,440	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	19,420	9,920	9,500	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	19,455	10,010	9,445	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	207,870	101,970	105,895	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	19,950	10,070	9,880	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	20,485	10,545	9,940	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	18,135	9,190	8,945	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	19,180	9,345	9,840	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	20,210	9,535	10,670	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	21,555	10,400	11,150	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	22,715	10,935	11,780	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	25,885	12,655	13,230	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	22,385	11,030	11,355	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	17,365	8,255	9,110	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	44,795	19,710	25,090	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	14,950	6,935	8,015	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	10,450	4,900	5,550	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	7,640	3,370	4,270	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	5,770	2,500	3,270	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	5,985	2,005	3,980	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	3,765	1,400	2,365	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	1,760	510	1,255	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	405	85	315	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	60	15	45	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.2	19.2	17.3	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	67.3	67.8	66.9	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	14.5	13.1	15.8	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	1.9	1.3	2.5	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	39.5	38.5	40.6	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	40.1	38.9	41.1	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	113,300	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	70,795	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,340	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	32,150	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	6,625	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	12,140	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,555	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,665	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	160	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	10	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	113,295	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	24,895	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	35,030	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	20,590	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	20,930	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	11,855	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	305,320	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	252,660	121,675	130,985	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	144,075	71,950	72,120	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	121,020	60,445	60,575	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	23,055	11,510	11,550	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	108,585	49,725	58,865	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	70,820	37,630	33,195	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	8,690	3,550	5,140	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	15,705	5,780	9,925	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	13,370	2,770	10,600	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	88,120	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	38,965	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	20,870	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	20,335	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	7,950	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	88,120	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	70,810	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	59,290	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	11,520	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	17,305	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	13,810	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	3,500	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	70,810	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	28,850	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	41,960	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	15,660	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	18,795	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	7,505	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	17,305	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	10,115	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	5,210	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	1,985	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	41,490	19,335	22,150	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	113,295	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	81,475	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	26,375	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	55,100	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	3,250	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	28,575	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	24,895	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	3,680	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	306,450	149,630	156,820	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	281,545	139,105	142,430	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	240	110	135	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	22,550	9,590	12,965	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	2,115	830	1,290	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	306,455	149,635	156,820	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	298,030	145,865	152,160	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	5,385	2,540	2,840	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	1,010	445	565	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	2,035	785	1,250	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	5,890	2,765	3,120	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.9	1.8	2.0	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	306,455	149,635	156,820	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	301,280	147,155	154,125	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	261,250	128,085	133,165	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	255,790	125,500	130,285	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	5,460	2,580	2,880	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	40,030	19,075	20,955	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	35	10	15	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	135	55	80
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	5	0	5	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	5	5	5	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	5	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	40,000	19,060	20,940	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,985	1,055	930	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	5	0	0	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	0	0	0	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	45	25	25	1,125	545	580
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	5
Oromo	10	5	0	15	10	5
Somali	35	15	20	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Semitic languages	1,935	1,030	905	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	65	35	30	745	340	405
Arabic	1,565	860	705	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	15	10	5
Harari	10	5	5	0	5	5
Hebrew	25	10	10	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	205	95	110	25	10	15
Tigrigna	30	15	15	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	460	200	255	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	420	185	235	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	2,220	860	1,355	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	5	0	5	115	35	80
Cebuano	75	25	55	885	270	610
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	410	125	275
Ilocano	55	25	30	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	5	0	5	1,250	590	660
Malay	60	25	35	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	205	90	110
Pangasinan	5	0	5	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,955	750	1,200	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	320	140	180
Creole languages	160	70	90	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	35	40	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	2,015	995	1,025	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	35	15	15	240	130	110
Malayalam	235	130	110	440	235	205
Tamil	1,630	795	840	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	110	55	55	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	27,215	13,105	14,110	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	95	50	45	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	125	55	70	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	6,555	2,955	3,595	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	105	50	55	850	335	515
Latvian	55	25	30	290	120	175
Lithuanian	50	20	25	555	215	340
Slavic languages	6,450	2,910	3,540	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	5	5	5	80	45	35
Bosnian	20	10	10	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	65	25	35	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	345	180	170	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	120	60	60	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	635	315	320	205	105	95
Polish	2,865	1,250	1,610	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	635	260	375	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	385	205	180	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20	1,805	865	940
Slovak	170	65	105	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	170	80	90	755	350	405
Ukrainian	960	415	550	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	175	90	85
Celtic languages	45	20	25	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	20	15	10
Welsh	20	10	15	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	90	55	30
Germanic languages	3,085	1,375	1,710	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	70	30	40	125	60	65
Danish	85	40	40	395	190	200
Dutch	1,135	510	620	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	30	15	15	10	10	0
German	1,655	725	930	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	5	0	5	65	30	35
Norwegian	25	10	10	200	100	100
Swedish	45	30	20	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	540	240	300
Yiddish	5	5	0	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	175	100	75
Greek	1,065	540	525	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	7,500	3,795	3,700	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	5,660	2,840	2,815	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	475	245	235	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	815	405	410	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	550	275	275	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	15	5
Konkani	20	10	10	110	60	55
Marathi	50	25	25	255	145	110
Nepali	15	5	10	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	0	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	745	385	360	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	90	40	50	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	175	80	95	645	310	330
Urdu	2,705	1,360	1,350	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	1,805	940	865	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	35	20	10	985	550	430
Pashto	165	90	80	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	1,605	830	775	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	8,750	4,305	4,445	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	5	5	5	320	170	150
Italian	3,275	1,700	1,580	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	1,950	950	1,000	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	615	275	340	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	2,900	1,380	1,520	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	125	75	50
Japanese	105	40	65	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	170	80	85
Georgian	0	0	0	170	80	90
Korean	360	180	180	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	0	5	0	190	75	115
Mongolian	5	5	5	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	540	260	280	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	85	35	50	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	5	0	0	1,200	655	545
Edo	10	5	5	75	45	30
Ewe	10	5	0	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	15	5	5	80	40	40
Ganda	10	5	5	35	15	20
Igbo	55	30	25	120	70	50
Lingala	15	5	5	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	5	15	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	5	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	40	20	25	85	45	40
Swahili	75	40	40	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	0	0	0	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	85	45	40	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	50	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	345	180	165
Dinka	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	335	170	165
Sign languages	80	30	45	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	35	15	20	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	45	20	25	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,560	1,645	1,915	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	3,540	1,635	1,910	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	1,365	635	730	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	35	15	20	470	215	260
Mandarin	1,900	880	1,020	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	5	5	5	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	25	20	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	130	55	80	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	5	345	175	170
Burmese	5	5	0	80	30	50
Karenic languages	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tibetan	5	5	0	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	155	65	90	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	40	20	25	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	115	45	70	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	145	75	65	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	290	160	130
Turkish	125	65	60	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	5	5	5	205	100	105
Uzbek	0	0	0	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	185	80	105
Uralic languages	975	470	505	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	65	45	30	195	75	120
Finnish	120	50	70	360	125	240
Hungarian	785	375	405	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	685	385	300
Multiple responses	5,170	2,475	2,695	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	925	440	485	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	3,955	1,895	2,060	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	160	80	80	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	130	60	70	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	306,455	149,635	156,820	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	296,925	145,080	151,840	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	280,535	137,320	143,215	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	278,415	136,310	142,110	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	2,115	1,010	1,110	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	16,385	7,760	8,630	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	60	30	30
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	16,385	7,755	8,630	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	830	415	410	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	0	0	0	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	0	0	0	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	30	10	15	535	240	295
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oromo	5	5	0	5	0	0
Somali	20	10	15	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages	795	400	395	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	15	5	10	340	150	185
Arabic	700	355	345	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	10	0	5
Harari	5	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,705	880	825
Maltese	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	280	120	155	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	265	115	150	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	650	290	355	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	25	10	15	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	130	55	75
Ilocano	5	5	5	740	305	435
Malagasy	5	0	0	360	185	170
Malay	5	0	5	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	60	30	30
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	595	270	325	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	75	35	35
Creole languages	45	20	20	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	10	10	5	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	1,265	605	660	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	5	5	5	150	85	65
Malayalam	130	75	55	200	100	100
Tamil	1,065	500	570	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	65	30	35	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	10,160	4,780	5,385	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	45	25	20	1,615	795	820
Armenian	55	25	30	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	2,360	1,055	1,305	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	15	10	10	190	80	105
Latvian	5	5	0	75	40	40
Lithuanian	10	5	5	115	40	70
Slavic languages	2,340	1,045	1,295	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	5	0	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	5	5	5	965	475	495
Bulgarian	30	15	15	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	80	40	45	1,015	475	545
Czech	20	10	10	460	220	240
Macedonian	165	70	95	130	65	65
Polish	1,195	545	650	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	320	140	185	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	190	90	100	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	960	470	490
Slovak	40	20	20	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	225	95	135
Ukrainian	235	90	145	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	40	15	25
Celtic languages	5	0	5	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	240	95	145	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	20	10	10	15	10	10
Danish	5	0	0	50	25	25
Dutch	65	25	40	375	170	205
Frisian	0	0	5	0	0	0
German	145	60	90	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	5	0	0	30	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Swedish	5	0	0	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	70	35	40
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Greek	295	140	150	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	4,055	1,970	2,085	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	3,020	1,475	1,545	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	250	125	130	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	395	185	210	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	240	110	130	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	10	5	0	30	15	15
Marathi	35	15	15	80	40	40
Nepali	10	5	5	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	0	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	385	195	195	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	25	15	15	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	30	30	365	185	180
Urdu	1,600	785	815	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	1,030	495	535	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	20	5	5	510	280	235
Pashto	90	45	45	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	925	440	480	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	3,115	1,465	1,650	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	0	0	0	110	50	60
Italian	830	365	465	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	665	305	355	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	285	130	150	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	1,340	660	680	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	50	20	25	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Georgian	0	0	0	70	40	35
Korean	200	105	100	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	145	70	75
Mongolian	5	0	5	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	445	215	235
Bamanankan	0	0	0	265	135	125
Edo	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ewe	0	0	0	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	530	255	280
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ganda	0	0	5	5	5	5
Igbo	10	5	0	15	10	10
Lingala	5	5	0	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	530	225	305
Shona	0	5	0	20	10	10
Swahili	10	5	5	1,100	535	565
Wolof	0	0	0	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	15	10	10	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	135	70	65
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	130	65	65
Sign languages	130	75	55	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	45	20	20	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	85	55	35	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,280	1,095	1,180	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	2,275	1,090	1,180	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	775	365	405	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	10	5	5	155	75	80
Mandarin	1,370	655	715	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	5	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	40	35	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	215	115	100
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	65	40	30
Tibetan	5	5	0	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	95	40	50	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	20	5	15	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	75	30	40	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	30	30	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	100	50	55
Turkish	55	30	25	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	5	0	5	140	75	70
Uzbek	0	0	0	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	30	35
Uralic languages	225	105	120	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Finnish	10	5	5	50	20	30
Hungarian	210	100	115	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	90	60
Multiple responses	9,530	4,555	4,980	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	735	325	405	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	8,505	4,090	4,415	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	55	30	30	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	235	110	125	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	306,450	149,635	156,820	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	279,305	136,955	142,355	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	8,570	4,195	4,370	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	3,930	1,610	2,320	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	14,155	6,650	7,505	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	40	20	25	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	14,110	6,635	7,480	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	90	35	55	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	175	85	90	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	225	95	130	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	249,200	120,355	128,840	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	237,025	114,565	122,455	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,288	45,552	30,448	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	237,105	114,570	122,535	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,601	40,082	28,027	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	212,645	105,190	107,450	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,236	45,045	28,220	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	169,335	73,845	95,485	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,357	2,055	5,629	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	181,770	93,550	88,220	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,046	44,323	31,266	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	249,305	120,360	128,945	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	236,940	114,315	122,625	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,047	57,258	39,461	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	237,050	114,320	122,730	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,666	46,182	33,597	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	212,355	104,865	107,490	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,724	57,761	37,933	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	169,215	73,600	95,615	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,387	6,637	7,965	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	181,890	93,375	88,515	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,273	54,887	39,240	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	249,305	120,360	128,945	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	88,700	49,340	39,370	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	60,172	66,671	53,529	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	69,160	76,995	59,340	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.0	92.5	84.3	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	75.3	78.2	71.5	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.0	7.5	15.7	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	249,200	120,355	128,845	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	12,180	5,790	6,390	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	237,025	114,570	122,450	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	95.1	95.2	95.0	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	34,370	14,715	19,660	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	37,445	14,445	22,995	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	28,745	10,885	17,860	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	24,430	10,680	13,750	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	24,115	11,490	12,630	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	19,705	10,115	9,590	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	15,415	8,535	6,880	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	12,375	7,215	5,165	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	10,065	5,930	4,130	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	8,720	4,985	3,735	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	21,635	15,580	6,055	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	15,725	10,945	4,780	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	5,915	4,630	1,280	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	249,205	120,360	128,845	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	12,095	5,785	6,310	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	237,110	114,575	122,535	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	95.1	95.2	95.1	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35,360	14,900	20,465	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	39,130	15,145	23,985	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	33,375	13,120	20,255	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	30,715	13,995	16,720	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	28,045	14,105	13,940	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	20,825	11,495	9,330	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	15,665	9,215	6,455	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	12,430	7,275	5,155	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	21,560	15,325	6,235	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	7,925	5,050	2,875	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	4,670	3,340	1,330	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	8,965	6,935	2,030	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	249,200	120,360	128,845	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	67,430	26,805	40,620	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	181,770	93,550	88,220	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	72.9	77.7	68.5	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	27,695	14,365	13,330	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	13,630	5,765	7,860	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	21,355	9,120	12,230	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	16,915	7,330	9,590	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	16,095	7,070	9,025	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	15,705	7,285	8,420	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	14,205	7,260	6,945	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	11,715	6,490	5,220	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	10,020	5,870	4,150	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	34,440	22,995	11,450	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	8,555	5,030	3,530	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	7,720	4,415	3,300	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	18,165	13,545	4,620	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	113,295	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,981	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	72,753	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	24,895	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,123	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,464	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	88,400	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,406	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,377	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	113,345	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	100,440	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	82,958	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,870	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,653	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,546	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	88,475	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	114,998	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,880	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	113,295	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	1,000	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,000	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,485	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,040	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,690	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,440	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,715	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,760	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,205	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,990	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,175	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,830	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,425	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,065	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,805	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	45,670	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	13,995	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10,485	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	12,170	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,020	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	113,295	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	1,070	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,025	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,510	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,190	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,120	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,910	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,355	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,815	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,910	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,915	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,955	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	9,360	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,020	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,400	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	7,080	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	34,675	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	14,195	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,940	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,545	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	85,865	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,235	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,173	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	25,545	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,496	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,123	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	42,345	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,179	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,392	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15,695	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,164	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,949	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	85,945	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	114,960	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,699	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	25,540	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	99,933	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,801	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	42,455	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	141,344	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,079	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,670	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	69,110	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,252	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	34,345	16,595	17,750	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,168	39,097	32,519	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,699	34,503	29,824	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	34,320	16,555	17,765	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,841	47,358	40,563	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,839	39,024	34,803	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	305,320	149,130	156,185	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	129,145	60,730	68,420	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	23,905	11,435	12,470	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	23,415	10,275	13,145	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	24,750	11,555	13,200	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	27,200	12,920	14,280	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	29,875	14,550	15,325	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	176,165	88,400	87,770	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	32,075	15,855	16,220	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	34,520	17,080	17,435	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	37,420	18,730	18,690	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	40,180	20,360	19,820	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	31,975	16,375	15,600	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	305,315	149,130	156,185	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	67,880	34,655	33,225	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	21,040	10,810	10,230	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	195,060	95,450	99,615	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	42,375	19,025	23,345	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	33,550	15,290	18,265	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	10,015	5,115	4,895	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	3,395	1,745	1,655	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	19,845	9,000	10,840	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	3,695	1,175	2,525	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.0	10.3	11.7	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	14.8	14.8	14.7	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	16.1	16.1	16.2	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	9.4	10.9	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	8.7	6.2	10.8	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	19,520	9,560	9,965	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	5,080	2,640	2,440	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	1,745	920	825	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	13,595	6,590	7,010	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	845	330	515	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.4	6.4	6.4	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.6	7.3	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.5	8.1	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.9	7.0	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.7	2.2	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	305,535	149,205	156,325	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	303,445	148,330	155,110	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	303,245	148,240	155,005	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	22,730	9,805	12,925	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	50,490	24,360	26,135	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	85	30	55	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	60	20	40	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	30	10	25	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	260	130	130
Plains Cree	10	0	0	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	15	0	15	15	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	10	15	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	30	10	15	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	10	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	15	15	0	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	0	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	50,405	24,330	26,080	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,505	1,330	1,175	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	0	0	0	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	0	0	0	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	1,550	745	805
Bilen	0	0	0	35	20	10
Oromo	10	10	0	45	30	10
Somali	40	20	20	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	2,450	1,300	1,150	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	75	45	25	1,145	540	600
Arabic	1,960	1,060	900	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	10	0	0
Harari	20	0	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	120	55	65	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	250	115	135	40	10	25
Tigrigna	10	0	0	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	480	195	280	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	35	40	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	410	160	250	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	2,985	1,170	1,820	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	10	0	0	105	45	60
Cebuano	215	90	125	1,105	360	750
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	40	15	30	540	195	350
Ilocano	105	45	60	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	140	55	85	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	45	15	35	195	95	100
Pangasinan	0	0	0	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,670	1,045	1,625	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	540	270	275
Creole languages	545	245	300	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	25	10	20	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	195	85	110	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	325	155	165	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	2,670	1,360	1,315	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	95	50	40	415	210	205
Malayalam	315	150	160	510	285	220
Tamil	2,225	1,150	1,075	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	170	75	95	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	34,675	16,885	17,790	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	110	55	55	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	150	70	80	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	7,715	3,635	4,080	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	90	40	45	1,080	500	585
Latvian	50	25	25	335	150	185
Lithuanian	40	15	25	755	350	410
Slavic languages	7,640	3,600	4,040	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	10	10	0	365	150	215
Bosnian	60	35	25	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	85	45	35	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	575	290	290	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	245	130	115	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	780	385	400	285	140	145
Polish	3,180	1,460	1,720	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	1,010	415	595	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	685	355	325	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	20	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	180	90	85	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	200	85	115	970	490	480
Ukrainian	1,280	585	690	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	150	75	75
Celtic languages	115	60	55	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	60	35	30	155	95	65
Welsh	25	0	20	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	265	175	95
Germanic languages	4,005	1,770	2,230	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	205	80	125	415	260	150
Danish	105	35	70	835	410	420
Dutch	1,165	510	655	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	25	25	0	15	10	0
German	2,420	1,090	1,330	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	20	10	15	140	80	60
Norwegian	50	35	10	510	255	255
Swedish	80	40	40	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	760	265	495
Yiddish	20	10	15	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	270	125	140
Greek	1,600	805	795	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	9,650	4,865	4,795	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	7,840	3,930	3,910	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	665	340	325	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	1,120	545	575	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	2,400	1,230	1,180	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	20	15	10	45	35	15
Konkani	45	30	20	150	70	75
Marathi	85	40	45	475	240	230
Nepali	30	15	10	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,535	810	725	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	140	65	75	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	415	170	245	1,335	625	710
Urdu	3,850	1,965	1,885	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	1,920	980	940	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	20	15	0	1,255	665	590
Pashto	160	95	65	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	1,815	910	905	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	85	50	35	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	12,155	6,050	6,100	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	0	0	0	890	525	365
Italian	4,700	2,450	2,245	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	2,340	1,170	1,170	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	810	375	430	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	4,680	2,240	2,440	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	490	345	145
Japanese	235	90	145	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	220	110	110
Georgian	0	0	10	215	105	110
Korean	390	200	195	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	270	135	130
Mongolian	0	0	0	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	1,110	535	570	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	155	80	75	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	15	10	10	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	20	10	15	190	95	95
Ewe	10	0	0	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	0	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	20	0	15	315	155	160
Ganda	0	0	0	90	40	55
Igbo	70	35	35	275	190	90
Lingala	115	70	45	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	15	35	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	75	40	35	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	80	35	45	150	75	80
Swahili	190	100	90	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	10	0	0	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	185	85	100	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	310	150	155	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	10	695	345	350
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	695	345	350
Sign languages	555	210	345	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	335	115	225	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	220	100	120	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,005	1,910	2,100	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	3,980	1,895	2,085	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	1,680	755	925	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	25	0	15	545	240	310
Mandarin	2,460	1,170	1,285	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	60	45	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	70	45	25	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	185	95	90	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15	430	235	195
Burmese	15	10	10	140	75	60
Karenic languages	0	0	0	105	55	45
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	185	130	60	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	90	45	40	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	115	80	30	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	190	105	90	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	15	10	15	510	275	235
Turkish	175	95	80	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	0	0	0	230	110	120
Uzbek	0	0	0	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	235	115	120
Uralic languages	1,065	565	505	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	50	35	20	150	55	95
Finnish	125	65	65	500	195	305
Hungarian	890	465	425	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	305,535	149,205	156,325	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	294,235	143,685	150,555	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	66,740	34,125	32,615	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	227,495	109,560	117,935	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	11,300	5,520	5,780	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	305,530	149,205	156,325	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	244,570	119,990	124,580	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	59,280	28,235	31,045	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	24,350	11,450	12,905	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	8,485	4,135	4,345	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	10,460	5,050	5,410	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	11,805	5,590	6,215	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	6,375	3,030	3,345	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	5,430	2,560	2,875	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	4,180	2,010	2,175	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,685	985	700	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	59,275	28,230	31,045	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	7,015	3,595	3,425	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	12,835	6,470	6,360	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	14,370	6,420	7,950	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	21,560	10,245	11,320	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	3,500	1,505	1,995	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	59,275	28,235	31,045	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	14,590	6,625	7,970	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	300	105	190	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	320	155	165	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	220	115	105	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	2,350	1,055	1,295	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	110	45	60	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	4,280	1,905	2,370	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	295	110	180	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	160	70	85	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	2,055	1,015	1,040	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,910	795	1,120	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	2,595	1,245	1,345	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	23,980	11,570	12,410	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	225	140	85	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	385	180	205	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	190	125	70	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	1,405	705	705	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	650	350	300	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	455	265	195	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	510	240	270	820	485	330
Italy	2,080	1,125	950	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	1,070	525	550	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	1,990	890	1,100	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	1,090	555	540	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	715	340	370	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	385	160	230	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	330	150	180	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	480	205	275	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	9,935	4,630	5,305	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	2,080	990	1,095	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	3,185	1,610	1,570	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	15	0	15	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	375	195	175	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	100	50	55	995	495	495
Kenya	180	75	100	785	355	430
Morocco	80	55	25	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	430	200	225	1,340	740	600
Somalia	40	25	15	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	455	245	205	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	1,510	750	760	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	17,300	8,290	9,015	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	870	430	440	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	425	205	215	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,085	940	1,145	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	475	225	250	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	2,995	1,515	1,480	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	450	245	205	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	135	65	70	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	80	10	70	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	345	185	160	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	320	180	140	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	2,395	1,250	1,145	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	2,920	1,185	1,735	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	1,705	810	890	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	45	25	20	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	105	50	55	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	355	140	215	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	1,600	815	790	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	220	145	80	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,185	2,010	2,175	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	925	490	430	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	40	15	30	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	55	25	25	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	30	15	15	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	30	15	15	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	210	140	75	190	140	55
Mexico	40	25	20	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	200	110	85	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	20	0	15	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	305	150	155	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	495	250	250	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	10	10	0	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	15	10	0	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	20	10	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	10	0	10	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	55	25	30	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	10	0	10	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	65	25	35	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	145	90	60	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	175	75	105	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	470	250	220	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	0	0	0	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	10	0	0	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	15	10	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	20	10	10	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	120	60	60	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	0	0	0	50	30	20
Ethiopia	0	0	0	125	65	60
Morocco	0	0	0	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	85	50	40	540	280	260
Somalia	0	0	0	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	60	25	35	175	115	60
Tunisia	0	0	0	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	150	85	65	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	2,245	985	1,255	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	40	20	25	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	50	25	25	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	360	160	200	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	120	35	80
India	495	235	265	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	80	40	40	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	30	10	25	985	465	515
Israel	10	10	0	645	390	255
Japan	25	0	25	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	10	10	825	370	455
Lebanon	25	0	15	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	0	0	0	360	165	195
Pakistan	295	145	150	1,815	920	895
Philippines	430	140	285	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	65	40	25	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	140	65	70	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	10	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	15	10	10	170	60	105
Turkey	0	10	0	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	20	10	10	300	160	145
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	135	70	65	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	55	35	20	345	215	135
Australia	45	30	10	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	305,535	149,210	156,325	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	62,005	29,775	32,225	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	72,780	36,480	36,300	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	170,750	82,950	87,800	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	35,785	17,165	18,620	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	16,385	8,270	8,120	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	6,355	4,055	2,300	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	10,035	4,220	5,815	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	13,605	5,785	7,830	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	5,430	2,955	2,470	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	360	155	205	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	305,535	149,205	156,325	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	7,200	3,415	3,790	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	6,890	3,255	3,630	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	4,145	1,980	2,160	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	2,610	1,220	1,395	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	130	60	70	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	140	70	70	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	175	90	90	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	298,330	145,790	152,540	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	305,530	149,205	156,330	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,950	970	980	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	303,585	148,240	155,350	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	305,535	149,205	156,325	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,070	485	585	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,040	480	560	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	710	325	380	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	325	155	170	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	15	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	0	25	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	10	20	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	10,590	4,880	5,705	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	10,310	4,745	5,570	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,895	3,660	4,240	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,260	1,005	1,255	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	155	80	80	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	275	145	140	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	135	140	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	293,875	143,840	150,035	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	305,530	149,205	156,325	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	59,270	29,335	29,930	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	14,755	7,635	7,120	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	5,450	2,625	2,825	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	19,775	9,550	10,225	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	4,795	2,175	2,620	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	2,740	1,370	1,370	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	2,030	1,095	930	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,045	495	550	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,805	905	900	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	515	295	220	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	730	370	360	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,515	1,210	1,310	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	3,105	1,610	1,495	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	246,265	119,870	126,395	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	305,530	149,205	156,325	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	11,660	5,365	6,295	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,910	4,125	4,785	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	180	80	95	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	2,880	1,300	1,580	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	97,960	48,025	49,940	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	460	225	235	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	3,640	1,665	1,975	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	94,950	46,640	48,305	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	15	15	0	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	630	305	320	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	50	40	10	365	155	215
Ontarian	65	30	35	1,345	660	685
Québécois	120	85	35	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	25	15	15	205	110	100
European origins	215,690	104,500	111,185	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	156,655	75,160	81,500	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	0	0	10	1,440	725	720
Cornish	0	0	0	70	35	40
English	90,715	43,185	47,535	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	66,410	31,065	35,345	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	80	25	55	200	105	95
Scottish	67,275	32,185	35,095	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	6,845	3,200	3,645	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	10,435	4,775	5,665	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	29,925	14,025	15,905	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	10	0	10	1,050	520	525
Breton	0	0	0	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	0	0	0	1,270	690	580
French	29,920	14,025	15,895	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	39,610	18,925	20,690	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	1,955	1,000	955	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	10	0	0	40	30	20
Belgian	965	455	510	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	12,965	6,210	6,755	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	45	30	10	1,345	660	685
Frisian	10	0	10	15	20	0
German	25,760	12,215	13,545	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	15	10	15	910	445	460
Swiss	965	500	465	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	30	10	20	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	6,085	2,890	3,195	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	1,505	705	795	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	1,365	675	690	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	355	165	190	955	480	470
Norwegian	1,380	655	730	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	1,575	740	830	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	300	140	160	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	31,240	15,030	16,215	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	270	140	135	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	155	90	65	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	900	460	430	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	350	150	200	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	380	225	150	890	460	435
Hungarian	3,845	1,900	1,945	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	375	195	185	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	550	230	320	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	10	0	10	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	12,340	5,925	6,420	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	1,655	785	870	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	2,990	1,405	1,590	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	925	485	440	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	11,050	5,250	5,800	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	85	50	30	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	38,660	19,605	19,055	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	160	85	75	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	180	110	65	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	0	0	0	735	395	340
Croatian	1,355	695	660	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	55	15	45	480	240	245
Greek	4,075	2,060	2,015	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	19,235	9,905	9,330	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	20	0	15	505	295	210
Macedonian	1,795	940	850	775	400	370
Maltese	1,790	795	995	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	30	15	15	450	250	200
Portuguese	6,755	3,375	3,375	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	790	415	370	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	160	85	75	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	625	335	295	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	4,260	2,015	2,255	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	480	270	210	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	300	155	145
Other European origins	1,535	830	710	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	35	15	20	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	700	390	310	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	15	10	15	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	85	40	45	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	710	385	325	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	18,510	8,825	9,680	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	145	70	75	380	170	205
Bahamian	105	55	50	430	205	225
Barbadian	1,450	700	750	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	40	15	25	115	50	65
Carib	180	50	125	405	150	255
Cuban	325	170	155	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	275	125	155	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	550	240	315	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	250	110	135	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	10,805	5,195	5,610	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	75	35	40	360	200	160
Martinican	0	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	25	10	15	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	50	35	10	530	270	255
St. Lucian	270	135	135	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	3,185	1,535	1,650	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	580	260	320	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,295	1,020	1,275	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	540	270	275	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	7,275	3,465	3,810	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	275	140	135	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	65	20	45	180	60	120
Argentinian	140	85	65	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	40	15	25	80	40	40
Bolivian	55	30	20	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	390	140	250	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	315	150	165	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	480	255	225	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	60	35	25	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	335	140	190	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	220	135	90	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	3,145	1,490	1,660	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	80	35	50	1,155	570	585
Honduran	50	25	20	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	35	20	15	1,670	935	735
Mexican	660	305	355	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	55	25	25	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	95	40	50	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	15	0	10	365	155	205
Peruvian	255	140	110	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	255	130	125	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	25	10	15	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	335	180	150	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	235	90	140	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	7,780	3,905	3,880	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	1,635	855	780	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	20	20	0	630	325	310
Angolan	50	35	10	875	425	450
Ashanti	15	10	0	120	90	35
Beninese	0	0	0	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	0	0	0	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	160	75	85	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	0	0	0	1,045	525	520
Congolese	270	170	100	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	10	10	0	110	60	45
Ewe	0	0	10	460	265	200
Gabonese	0	0	0	1,165	545	620
Gambian	0	0	0	150	95	55
Ghanaian	320	155	165	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	45	35	10	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	40	35	10	185	95	95
Ivorian	55	15	40	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	10	10	0	150	60	90
Malian	10	0	10	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	0	0	0	635	340	295
Nigerian	520	245	275	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	0	0	0	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	10	0	0	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	50	30	25	110	55	55
Togolese	0	0	0	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	0	0	0	660	390	270
Yoruba	145	60	85	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	110	60	50	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	940	485	450	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	40	20	20	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	0	0	0	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	25	10	20	685	385	305
Dinka	0	0	0	15	10	10
Egyptian	610	295	310	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	80	40	40	1,075	590	485
Maure	0	0	0	530	290	240
Moroccan	130	90	35	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	35	15	20	370	220	150
Tunisian	10	10	10	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	30	0	20	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	1,515	790	730	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	10	0	0	115	75	40
Amhara	0	0	0	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	30	20	0	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	80	40	40	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	0	0	0	450	205	245
Eritrean	30	10	20	580	290	290
Ethiopian	145	70	70	1,575	785	785
Harari	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kenyan	90	45	50	530	270	260
Malagasy	0	0	0	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	50	10	40	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	15	10	10	20	15	10
Rwandan	45	25	15	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	25	0	15	775	345	425
Somali	100	50	45	1,785	865	915
South African	510	290	225	900	490	420
Tanzanian	65	50	20	325	190	140
Tigrian	0	0	0	95	35	55
Ugandan	50	30	20	290	135	160
Zambian	30	15	10	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	140	70	70	300	150	145
Zulu	20	15	0	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	190	80	110	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	3,830	1,855	1,970	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	595	290	305	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,595	1,695	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	37,135	18,505	18,625	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	5,930	3,075	2,860	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	1,520	760	765	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	590	315	275	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	405	195	205	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	10	0	10	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	555	295	255
Georgian	10	0	10	635	295	345
Hazara	0	0	0	385	190	200
Iranian	760	405	355	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	165	85	90	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	180	105	75	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	120	65	55	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	10	0	0	620	295	325
Kurd	10	10	10	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	0	10	0	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	20	0	10	260	140	120
Lebanese	945	435	515	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	475	275	200	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	20	15	0	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	150	95	55	645	390	255
Syrian	310	165	145	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	30	15	15	390	180	210
Tatar	10	10	10	910	430	485
Turk	425	235	185	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	0	0	0	65	45	25
Uighur	0	0	0	375	185	190
Uzbek	70	35	35	465	210	255
Yemeni	0	0	0	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	110	70	40	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	16,945	8,665	8,280	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	325	165	160	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	120	70	55	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	0	0	0	420	205	215
East Indian	11,065	5,680	5,380	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	65	25	40	210	105	110
Gujarati	65	35	35	420	205	215
Kashmiri	65	45	20	260	155	105
Nepali	20	10	10	930	460	470
Pakistani	2,650	1,345	1,310	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	310	165	145	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	70	30	40	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	2,075	1,050	1,030	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	525	295	230	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,090	530	555	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	15,240	7,240	7,995	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	80	25	50	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	125	75	45	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	7,965	3,830	4,135	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	5,355	2,430	2,920	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	230	130	105	1,320	570	755
Japanese	950	470	485	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	0	0	0	95	55	40
Korean	560	305	255	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	115	65	50	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	140	90	50	645	300	340
Mongolian	65	35	25	960	470	485
Singaporean	10	0	0	105	65	40
Taiwanese	65	20	40	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	160	105	50	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	0	0	0	80	45	30
Vietnamese	585	250	340	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	40	25	20	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	135	70	65	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	135	70	70	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	545	305	240	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	380	210	175	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	100	60	40	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	90	55	35	785	410	380
Fijian	55	35	15	70	25	40
Hawaiian	20	15	10	60	40	20
Maori	0	0	0	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	290	145	145
Samoan	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	15	10	10	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	113,345	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	85,925	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	27,420	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	113,345	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	7,090	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	106,255	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	113,345	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	310	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	8,675	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,510	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	48,175	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	38,680	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	113,345	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	18,465	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	15,000	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	18,875	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	18,900	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	42,100	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	113,345	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	112,240	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,100	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	113,350	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	108,880	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	4,465	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	113,345	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	20,140	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	30,160	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	18,465	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	16,485	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	12,145	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	9,260	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	6,690	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	113,345	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	107,215	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,130	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	113,345	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	62,250	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	48,205	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,895	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	113,345	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,750	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	13,700	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	21,460	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	26,950	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	22,940	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	15,000	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	8,390	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	3,150	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	113,270	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	84,105	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	29,170	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	26,350	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	85,925	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	69.1	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	18.4	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,536	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,553	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	425,285	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	458,354	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,420	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	16.1	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	48.8	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,045	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,103	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	249,305	120,360	128,945	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	42,630	21,790	20,840	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	76,110	37,340	38,760	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130,570	61,225	69,345	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	16,350	11,855	4,490	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	7,615	4,655	2,960	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	8,730	7,200	1,530	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	64,000	27,285	36,715	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,245	1,855	2,390	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	45,980	20,235	25,750	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	33,920	14,515	19,405	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,090	1,220	1,870	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800	405	395	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	7,360	3,595	3,770	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	810	500	310	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	166,700	80,690	86,005	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,850	9,195	6,650	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	46,915	23,945	22,970	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	103,935	47,545	56,390	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,410	8,290	3,125	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,340	3,285	2,055	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	6,070	5,005	1,070	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	51,475	21,865	29,605	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,145	1,340	1,805	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	37,905	16,055	21,850	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	27,720	11,470	16,250	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,560	930	1,625	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	640	305	340	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	6,355	2,985	3,365	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	630	355	275	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	249,305	120,355	128,945	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	118,730	59,130	59,600	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	7,705	1,785	5,920	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	7,705	1,785	5,920	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,310	2,565	2,745	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,200	905	300	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	4,110	1,660	2,445	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	6,085	2,265	3,820	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	390	95	295	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	1,625	425	1,200	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,590	495	1,100	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	20	20	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	345	200	145	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	635	380	250	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	1,170	625	550	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	280	20	255	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	17,760	4,935	12,825	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	30	160	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,090	825	1,265	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,420	250	3,165	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	3,555	675	2,880	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	320	40	285	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	2,665	545	2,120	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	5,525	2,580	2,945	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	27,625	10,630	16,995	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	70	20	50	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,555	380	2,180	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25,000	10,230	14,770	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,035	2,025	2,010	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,730	760	970	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,015	460	560	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	65	15	50	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	1,040	715	330	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	80	105	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,115	3,325	1,790	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,165	2,865	1,300	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	235	40	195	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	635	355	280	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	85	65	15	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	26,460	24,530	1,935	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	810	605	205	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	4,600	3,910	690	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,370	5,755	615	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	5,945	5,810	130	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,755	5,615	135	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	2,985	2,830	155	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,525	945	585	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	865	500	360	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	665	445	220	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	19,665	3,425	16,240	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,200	1,185	1,015	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	17,285	2,125	15,165	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	175	115	60	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	9,270	4,795	4,475	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	4,345	1,150	3,190	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	3,685	2,490	1,190	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,210	1,125	85	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	15	0	15	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	0	15	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	166,700	80,685	86,010	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	62,760	33,135	29,620	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	5,940	1,310	4,635	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	5,940	1,305	4,640	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,170	2,015	2,150	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	855	650	205	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	3,315	1,365	1,950	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	4,720	1,665	3,050	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	305	60	245	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	1,275	310	965	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,225	385	840	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	15	15	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	250	130	120	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	465	275	185	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	935	480	455	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	240	20	220	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	14,845	3,935	10,910	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	25	120	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,765	715	1,055	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,805	170	2,635	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	3,175	540	2,635	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	270	30	245	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	2,115	370	1,745	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	4,565	2,085	2,475	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	22,765	8,635	14,130	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	60	20	35	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,135	325	1,810	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20,575	8,290	12,285	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,150	1,480	1,670	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,340	565	780	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	820	345	480	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	45	0	45	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	800	520	280	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	50	95	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,510	2,960	1,550	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,755	2,605	1,150	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	195	35	160	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	490	265	225	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	75	55	15	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	20,000	18,440	1,565	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	650	490	160	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	3,515	2,935	580	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,985	4,505	480	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	4,460	4,350	110	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,270	4,165	105	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	2,120	1,995	120	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,220	705	515	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	650	340	305	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	570	365	205	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	15,495	2,675	12,815	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,765	915	845	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	13,600	1,690	11,920	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	125	75	50	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,110	3,725	3,390	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	3,195	800	2,395	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	2,955	2,015	940	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	945	900	45	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	10	0	10	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	249,305	120,355	128,945	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	118,730	59,130	59,605	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	130,570	61,230	69,345	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	113,160	52,430	60,730	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	106,605	49,135	57,465	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	6,555	3,290	3,260	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	17,415	8,805	8,610	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,945	1,490	1,450	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	1,365	495	870	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	1,440	705	735	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,710	1,650	1,055	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	810	390	425	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	100	60	40	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	8,040	4,005	4,035	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	166,695	80,685	86,010	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,760	33,135	29,620	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	103,940	47,545	56,390	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	91,145	41,420	49,725	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	86,035	38,900	47,135	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	5,110	2,515	2,595	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	12,795	6,130	6,665	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,415	1,180	1,230	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	1,050	360	690	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	1,200	565	625	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,200	715	480	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	695	325	370	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	90	60	30	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	6,155	2,925	3,225	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	249,305	120,360	128,950	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	164,360	83,990	80,370	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	150,140	76,355	73,785	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	14,220	7,630	6,590	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	84,945	36,370	48,570	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	65.9	69.8	62.3	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	60.2	63.4	57.2	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.1	8.2	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	249,305	120,360	128,950	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	81,680	34,685	46,995	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	167,620	85,670	81,950	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	90,470	50,535	39,935	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	77,155	35,140	42,015	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.9	42.7	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	164,360	83,985	80,370	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,415	2,100	2,315	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	159,945	81,890	78,055	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	145,870	73,090	72,785	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	14,075	8,800	5,275	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	164,360	83,990	80,375	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,415	2,100	2,315	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	159,945	81,890	78,055	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	17,780	10,680	7,095	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	25,630	7,215	18,415	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,710	7,670	2,045	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	9,625	1,520	8,105	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	19,835	6,145	13,685	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,410	1,995	2,410	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	39,420	16,815	22,605	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	24,010	22,480	1,525	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,790	1,520	270	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	7,740	5,845	1,900	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	164,360	83,985	80,370	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,415	2,100	2,315	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	159,945	81,890	78,055	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	490	280	215	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	280	190	90	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	3,670	2,695	975	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	12,205	10,840	1,365	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	14,345	10,545	3,800	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	6,160	4,215	1,945	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	19,495	9,335	10,155	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,820	6,030	1,790	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	4,485	2,485	2,000	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	8,650	3,570	5,080	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,965	1,425	1,540	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,240	5,340	4,900	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	320	125	190	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	8,315	4,620	3,700	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	13,260	3,790	9,470	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	17,420	2,570	14,850	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,480	1,860	1,620	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	10,430	4,055	6,370	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,285	2,925	3,360	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	9,635	4,990	4,640	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	150,145	76,360	73,790	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	9,050	4,290	4,760	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	325	210	115	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	17,765	13,055	4,710	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	122,995	58,795	64,200	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	122,995	58,795	64,200	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	38,165	15,185	22,985	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	41,245	19,585	21,660	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	43,265	23,825	19,440	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	320	195	120	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	140,765	71,850	68,915	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	110,640	58,575	52,070	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	8,785	4,155	4,630	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	15,140	6,375	8,765	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	4,445	1,795	2,655	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	430	335	90	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	1,320	610	705	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	140,765	71,850	68,915	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	33,320	13,665	19,655	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	40,485	19,125	21,360	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	20,695	11,690	9,010	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	14,885	8,945	5,945	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	31,380	18,430	12,950	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	140,765	71,850	68,915	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,420	10,620	3,800	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	27,825	15,990	11,830	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	33,450	15,640	17,810	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	24,870	9,415	15,460	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	14,310	6,080	8,230	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25,890	14,110	11,780	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	172,950	88,290	84,660	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	171,645	87,745	83,900	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	171,090	87,470	83,625	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	170,200	87,260	82,940	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	890	205	685	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	555	285	275	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	555	285	270	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	20	0	15	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	20	10	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	25	20	10	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	210	110	100	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	50	20	35	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	50	15	35	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	25	10	25	170	65	105
Russian	10	10	0	735	340	395
Serbian	0	0	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	55	25	30	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	50	20	30	680	390	295
Bengali	0	0	0	110	70	35
Gujarati	10	0	10	20	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Urdu	30	20	15	85	50	35
Iranian languages	10	10	0	700	395	305
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	0	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	65	35	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	10	0	10	590	315	275
Portuguese	25	20	10	635	365	270
Romanian	0	0	0	320	140	175
Spanish	55	40	20	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	15	0	10	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	205	60	140
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	255	135	120	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	255	135	120	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	70	25	40	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	180	105	80	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	10	0	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	110	40	75
Lao	0	0	0	55	25	30
Thai	0	0	0	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	1,310	540	765	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	775	290	485	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	510	240	265	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	0	0	0	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	20	10	10	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	172,955	88,290	84,665	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	168,220	86,080	82,140	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	840	235	605	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	2,170	980	1,185	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	1,665	970	695	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	0	0	10	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	1,660	965	695	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	0	0	0	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	25	0	20	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	35	15	10	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	302,400	147,645	154,755	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	268,565	131,105	137,455	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	33,835	16,535	17,295	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	15,710	7,510	8,200	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	18,125	9,025	9,095	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	17,005	8,445	8,555	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	16,155	8,025	8,135	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	845	420	425	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	1,120	580	540	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	288,240	140,440	147,805	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	183,435	89,630	93,810	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	104,805	50,810	54,000	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	47,950	23,050	24,905	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	56,850	27,760	29,090	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	51,825	25,180	26,650	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	49,600	24,130	25,470	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	2,225	1,045	1,180	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	5,025	2,580	2,445	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 26, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario and Quebec [Province]