Census Profile, 2016 Census
Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Canada [Country]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Québec Quebec [Population centre]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Québec [Population centre], Quebec Map : Québec [Population centre], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	705,103	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	681,804 ^r	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.4	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	341,184	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	324,430	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,648.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	427.66	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	705,105	341,815	363,285	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	104,580	53,230	51,350	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	35,290	18,070	17,225	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	36,890	18,755	18,135	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	32,400	16,405	15,990	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	459,915	228,530	231,390	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	33,820	17,130	16,685	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	46,810	23,155	23,660	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	46,645	23,525	23,120	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	45,620	23,405	22,210	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	47,855	24,295	23,565	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	41,610	21,025	20,590	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	41,485	20,645	20,835	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	51,330	25,290	26,035	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	54,610	26,415	28,190	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	50,135	23,640	26,495	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	140,605	60,060	80,545	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	45,465	21,215	24,250	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	35,820	16,240	19,580	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	23,665	10,240	13,430	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	17,320	6,805	10,515	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	18,340	5,565	12,770	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	11,460	3,855	7,605	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	5,340	1,435	3,905	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	1,360	255	1,105	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	180	20	160	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.6	14.1	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	65.2	66.9	63.7	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	19.9	17.6	22.2	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	2.6	1.6	3.5	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	42.9	41.5	44.2	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	43.2	41.4	45.1	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	324,430	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	119,150	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	22,095	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	181,245	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	18,675	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	8,390	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,060	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	131,825	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,285	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,940	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	324,430	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	119,135	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	116,420	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	40,665	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	34,655	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	13,560	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	685,040	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	600,520	288,585	311,935	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	335,145	167,715	167,430	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	178,660	89,255	89,410	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	156,480	78,465	78,015	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	265,375	120,870	144,510	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	181,940	95,170	86,770	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	7,970	3,485	4,485	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	41,615	15,230	26,380	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	33,855	6,985	26,870	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	193,265	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	109,980	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	37,830	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	33,530	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	11,925	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	193,270	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	164,055	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	85,885	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	78,170	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	29,220	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	21,240	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	7,970	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	164,050	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	91,490	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	72,565	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	29,235	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	31,780	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	11,545	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	29,215	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	18,495	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	8,595	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	2,130	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	154,545	71,820	82,730	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	324,430	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	190,970	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	90,455	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	100,510	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,140	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	132,320	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	119,140	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	13,185	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	694,380	337,840	356,535	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	1,530	815	710	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	415,730	185,870	229,860	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	275,160	150,290	124,875	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	1,955	870	1,085	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	694,375	337,840	356,535	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	10,740	5,505	5,240	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	675,785	328,275	347,515	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	5,985	3,250	2,735	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	1,865	810	1,050	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	13,735	7,130	6,605	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.0	2.1	1.9	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	694,375	337,845	356,535	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	687,545	334,300	353,250	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	658,495	319,855	338,635	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	9,125	4,680	4,445	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	649,370	315,175	334,195	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	29,050	14,440	14,610	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	590	230	360	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	580	225	350	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	565	225	340	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	40	20	25	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	510	205	310	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	0	0	0	100	50	55
Naskapi	5	5	0	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	315	125	190
Plains Cree	0	0	0	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	5	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	0	0	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	10	0	5	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	0	0	0	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Beaver	0	0	0	190	85	105
Carrier	0	0	0	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	0	0	0	660	295	360
Dene	0	0	0	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	0	0	0	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	80	25	50
Sekani	0	0	0	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	765	365	400
South Slavey	0	0	0	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	180	90	90
Tahltan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	35
Haida	0	0	0	75	35	40
Inuit languages	10	5	5	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	10	0	5	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	0	0	0	45	20	20
Mohawk	0	0	0	980	430	555
Oneida	0	0	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Kutenai	0	0	0	105	55	55
Michif	0	0	0	465	230	235
Salish languages	0	0	0	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	225	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	155
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	445	225	220
Squamish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	135	125
Siouan languages	0	0	0	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	0	0	0	1,215	570	635
Stoney	0	0	0	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Tlingit	0	0	0	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	880	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	400	200	200
Tsimshian	0	0	0	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	805	370	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	28,460	14,210	14,250	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,955	3,325	2,630	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	745	415	330	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	390	215	175	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	355	205	150	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	45	20	25	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	0	0	0	805	455	350
Oromo	0	0	0	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	45	20	20	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	365	195	170
Semitic languages	5,135	2,870	2,265	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	5	0	5	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	5,110	2,860	2,250	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	0	0	0	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	10	5	5	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	0	0	0	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	10	5	5	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,255	595	660	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	400	180	215	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	855	415	440	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	375	145	230	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	0	0	0	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	25	0	20	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	0	0	0	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	5	0	5	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	210	95	115	1,430	665	760
Malay	20	10	15	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	5	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	0	0	0	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	25	60	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	565	265	300	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	45	20	25	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	515	240	275	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	30	20	10	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	0	0	0	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	10	5	0	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	15	10	5	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	10	5	0	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	15,345	7,430	7,915	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	210	105	105	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	60	30	30	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	2,540	1,195	1,345	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	25	15	10	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	15	5	5	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	10	5	5	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	2,515	1,180	1,335	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	0	0	0	810	385	430
Bosnian	625	315	310	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	230	110	125	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	95	50	50	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	40	15	20	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	10	5	0	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	285	130	155	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	640	265	370	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	160	80	75	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	275	130	145	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	25	10	10	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	120	55	65	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	5	0	5	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	1,090	540	550
Welsh	0	0	0	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	530	295	235
Germanic languages	655	290	365	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	10	5	5	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	10	5	5	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	115	60	55	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	0	0	0	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	460	185	275	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	5	0	5	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	35	15	15	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	0	0	0	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	525	280	240
Greek	95	55	40	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	1,655	815	835	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	1,030	525	510	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	70	40	30	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	15	10	5	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	40	25	15	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	0	0	0	565	300	265
Konkani	0	0	5	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	5	5	5	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	845	420	425	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	5	0	5	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	30	15	15	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	525	260	265	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	50	30	15	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	0	0	0	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	480	230	245	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	35	60	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	10,130	4,935	5,195	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	15	10	5	865	440	425
Italian	595	335	260	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	1,615	800	815	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	825	395	430	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	7,070	3,390	3,680	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	720	380	340
Japanese	155	45	110	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	0	0	5	1,715	910	805
Georgian	5	0	5	1,715	910	805
Korean	40	10	30	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	0	0	5	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	2,780	1,435	1,345	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	75	40	30	1,535	815	720
Edo	0	0	0	1,670	770	900
Ewe	45	25	25	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	160	95	60	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	0	0	0	920	445	470
Ganda	5	0	0	1,295	625	665
Igbo	0	0	0	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	115	55	55	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	480	235	240	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	135	170	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	505	245	260	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	305	165	135	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	10	10	5	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	785	420	355	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	15	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	0	0	0	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	110	55	60	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	0	0	0	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	65	25	35	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	25	20	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,335	635	705	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	1,235	575	655	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	265	135	125	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	0	0	0	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	835	380	460	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	5	10	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	80	45	40	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	100	50	45	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	10	5	10	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	70	35	30	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	5	5	5	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	190	70	115	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	120	55	60	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	70	15	55	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	80	35	55
Turkic languages	90	55	35	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	15	10	5	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	65	45	20	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	0	0	0	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	135	75	65	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	5	0	0	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	10	5	5	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	125	70	60	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	55	40	20	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	6,835	3,545	3,285	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	3,270	1,720	1,550	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	220	120	105	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	3,060	1,560	1,505	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	275	150	130	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	694,380	337,840	356,535	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	683,910	332,580	351,330	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	669,250	325,450	343,800	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	6,780	3,480	3,300	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	662,470	321,970	340,500	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	14,660	7,130	7,525	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	280	120	170	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	275	115	155	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	270	110	155	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	10	5	5	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	260	110	150	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	5	0	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	110	55	60
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	330	140	190
Woods Cree	0	0	0	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	5	0	5	370	170	200
Ojibway	0	0	0	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	50	30	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	115	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	255	125	130
Dene	0	0	0	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	0	0	0	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	0	0	0	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	0	0	5	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	285	135	155
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	0	0	0	85	40	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	0	0	0	255	140	120
Stoney	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	315	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	45	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	14,375	7,015	7,360	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,225	1,145	1,080	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	235	120	115	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	165	80	80	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	0	0	0	620	330	285
Oromo	0	0	0	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	10	5	5	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	85	95
Semitic languages	1,965	1,015	950	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	0	0	0	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	1,955	1,010	945	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	0	0	0	735	335	400
Hebrew	5	0	5	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	675	300	375	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	185	75	105	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	485	220	265	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	95	50	50	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	0	0	0	290	140	155
Cebuano	0	0	0	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	0	0	0	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	0	0	0	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	65	30	35	435	220	210
Malay	5	5	0	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	0	0	0	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	145	60	80	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	135	60	75	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	0	0	0	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	5	0	0	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	5	5	5	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	0	0	5	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	9,080	4,405	4,675	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	105	50	50	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	35	20	15	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	1,390	675	720	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	10	5	5	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	5	0	5	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	1,380	670	710	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	0	0	0	230	105	120
Bosnian	370	180	190	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	135	70	70	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	55	25	25	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	10	5	5	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	5	5	0	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	100	45	55	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	390	185	205	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	100	55	45	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	140	65	75	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	0	0	0	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	70	35	35	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	670	310	360
Celtic languages	0	0	0	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	185	105	80
Welsh	0	0	0	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	50	30
Germanic languages	100	45	55	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	0	0	0	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	0	0	0	855	410	445
Dutch	20	10	10	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	0	0	0	185	95	90
German	75	30	40	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	0	0	0	270	120	150
Norwegian	0	0	0	345	145	200
Swedish	5	5	5	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	355	170	185
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,625	820	810
Greek	20	10	10	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	1,380	670	710	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	910	450	465	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	45	25	25	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	15	10	10	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	15	10	5	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	0	0	0	135	70	70
Konkani	0	0	0	720	355	370
Marathi	0	0	0	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	815	400	415	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	0	0	0	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	15	10	5	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	380	185	195	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	20	10	10	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	0	0	0	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	360	175	185	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	50	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	6,055	2,940	3,115	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	5	0	5	355	165	190
Italian	115	50	65	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	1,075	535	540	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	455	230	230	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	4,400	2,120	2,275	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	180	85	95
Japanese	60	25	40	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	1,040	565	475
Georgian	0	0	0	1,035	565	475
Korean	15	5	15	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	910	440	470
Mongolian	0	0	0	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	765	360	405	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	15	5	10	340	180	160
Edo	0	0	0	415	175	240
Ewe	10	5	0	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	825	400	425
Ga	0	0	0	250	105	140
Ganda	0	0	0	345	160	185
Igbo	0	0	0	1,000	485	510
Lingala	30	15	10	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	170	80	95	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	20	30	1,530	670	865
Shona	0	0	0	1,035	475	560
Swahili	170	85	90	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	105	55	50	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	0	0	0	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	145	75	70	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	0	0	0	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	75	40	35	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	65	30	30	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,000	510	490	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	905	460	445	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	165	85	80	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	0	0	0	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	650	330	320	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	0	0	0	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	10	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	30	30	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	90	50	45	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	15	5	5	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	65	35	30	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	5	0	0	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	40	20	25	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	25	10	15	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15
Turkic languages	30	15	20	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	1,245	640	610
Turkish	25	10	10	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	0	0	0	610	315	290
Uzbek	0	0	0	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	455	230	225
Uralic languages	30	10	15	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	0	0	0	975	365	610
Finnish	0	5	5	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	30	10	15	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	10,465	5,260	5,205	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	3,220	1,710	1,510	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	240	120	125	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	6,340	3,095	3,245	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	675	345	335	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	694,375	337,840	356,535	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	640,535	309,505	331,035	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	30,420	16,775	13,640	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	10,530	5,190	5,335	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	10,820	5,325	5,490	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	225	85	135	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	10,595	5,245	5,355	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	555	295	260	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	1,215	605	610	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	270	120	150	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	35	25	10	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	580,635	281,715	298,920	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	568,810	276,155	292,650	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,803	42,567	33,513	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	568,910	276,170	292,740	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,997	36,487	29,752	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	524,590	259,240	265,350	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,117	39,450	29,074	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	428,965	193,515	235,460	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,039	5,527	7,949	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	420,490	216,165	204,325	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,063	38,768	31,545	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	580,810	281,770	299,040	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	569,160	276,310	292,850	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,592	52,074	39,476	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	569,220	276,315	292,905	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,323	41,823	33,077	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	524,845	259,885	264,960	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,682	49,786	35,713	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	428,785	193,345	235,440	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,274	7,499	8,911	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	420,610	216,875	203,740	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,975	46,621	37,029	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	580,810	281,770	299,040	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	195,850	104,630	91,220	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	49,687	53,907	45,639	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	57,242	62,492	51,220	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.3	89.9	81.8	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.1	70.4	65.2	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.7	10.1	18.2	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	580,635	281,715	298,920	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	11,825	5,560	6,265	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	568,810	276,150	292,655	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	98.0	98.0	97.9	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	54,610	23,910	30,695	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	91,970	36,060	55,915	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	77,965	32,840	45,125	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	77,455	35,580	41,870	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	73,405	35,080	38,320	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	56,990	29,820	27,170	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	40,485	22,870	17,615	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	30,745	17,595	13,150	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	20,275	11,915	8,360	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	11,780	7,535	4,240	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	33,140	22,940	10,200	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	22,825	15,325	7,500	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	10,310	7,615	2,700	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	580,640	281,715	298,920	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	11,720	5,545	6,175	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	568,915	276,170	292,740	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	98.0	98.0	97.9	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	58,580	24,465	34,115	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	95,855	38,310	57,545	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	98,935	42,800	56,135	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	103,370	49,435	53,930	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	81,335	42,265	39,075	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	53,360	30,175	23,185	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	32,730	18,715	14,010	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	16,485	10,335	6,155	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	28,265	19,660	8,605	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	9,305	6,140	3,165	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	5,620	3,865	1,750	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	13,350	9,655	3,690	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	580,635	281,715	298,925	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	160,145	65,550	94,595	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	420,490	216,165	204,325	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	72.4	76.7	68.4	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	49,395	25,890	23,505	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	31,130	13,735	17,390	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	56,280	25,265	31,020	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	48,445	22,110	26,335	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	51,405	24,205	27,205	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	47,860	23,155	24,705	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	36,660	19,885	16,770	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	28,565	16,440	12,125	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	23,550	13,585	9,965	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	47,210	31,895	15,310	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	14,505	9,070	5,435	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	8,675	5,765	2,910	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	24,030	17,065	6,970	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	324,430	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,447	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	54,395	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	119,135	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,650	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,418	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	205,295	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,649	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,255	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	324,515	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,962	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,466	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	119,150	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,931	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,924	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	205,365	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	102,027	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,186	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	324,430	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	2,680	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,965	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	9,975	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	14,535	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,005	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,880	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15,805	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,885	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,700	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,700	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	29,000	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,430	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,845	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,795	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,670	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	86,555	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	32,690	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20,945	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	19,730	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	13,185	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	324,430	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	2,925	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,050	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10,105	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15,320	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	17,225	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,825	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,180	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	21,180	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	19,885	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,525	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,105	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	28,410	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	24,070	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,985	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,570	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	55,075	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	27,325	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	13,290	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	14,460	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	194,975	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,099	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,232	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	89,465	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,657	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,883	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	72,795	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,438	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,846	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	28,670	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,726	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,145	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	195,000	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	103,718	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,318	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	89,475	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,774	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,962	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	72,815	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	134,656	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,295	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	28,615	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	69,394	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,415	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	145,180	67,635	77,545	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,249	34,978	31,881	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,685	30,689	28,803	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	145,065	67,340	77,725	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,458	41,708	37,509	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,107	34,405	31,982	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	685,040	334,855	350,180	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	340,695	160,680	180,010	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	48,100	23,630	24,475	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	60,295	26,150	34,150	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	69,980	32,740	37,240	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	80,005	38,205	41,800	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	82,310	39,960	42,350	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	344,345	174,175	170,170	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	84,270	41,880	42,395	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	83,600	42,375	41,225	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	73,450	37,180	36,270	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	58,615	29,870	28,745	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	44,415	22,875	21,540	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	682,920	333,805	349,115	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	123,050	62,660	60,390	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	42,595	21,780	20,815	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	436,240	216,020	220,220	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	123,630	55,125	68,505	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	74,180	33,435	40,745	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	11,150	5,680	5,470	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	3,770	1,945	1,830	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	45,185	22,150	23,035	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	17,855	5,610	12,245	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	10.0	11.7	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	8.9	8.9	8.8	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	10.3	10.5	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	14.4	10.2	17.9	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	61,915	28,945	32,970	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	7,885	4,015	3,875	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	2,675	1,370	1,305	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	41,905	21,315	20,585	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	12,125	3,615	8,510	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.1	8.7	9.4	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4	6.4	6.4	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.3	6.3	6.3	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.9	9.3	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	9.8	6.6	12.4	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	685,330	334,995	350,335	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	683,360	334,110	349,250	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	274,875	150,170	124,710	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	681,925	333,385	348,545	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	63,695	29,965	33,730	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	760	335	425	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	655	295	355	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	625	285	345	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	50	10	40	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	555	250	300	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	0	0	0	195	80	115
Naskapi	30	15	20	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	545	225	320
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	0	0	0	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	0	0	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	15	10	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	20	10	10	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	10	0	10	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	210	105	100
Beaver	0	0	0	340	180	165
Carrier	0	0	0	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,150	535	610
Dene	0	0	0	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	0	0	0	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10	0	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	10	10	0	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	365	205	170
Tahltan	0	0	0	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50
Haida	0	0	0	465	205	260
Inuit languages	45	15	30	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	45	15	30	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	35	15	25	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	0	0	0	125	40	85
Mohawk	0	0	0	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	0	0	0	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	115	45	75
Kutenai	0	0	0	175	95	80
Michif	0	0	0	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	0	0	0	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	110
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,305	640	665
Squamish	0	0	0	285	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	295	270
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	0	0	0	1,760	870	890
Stoney	0	0	0	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70
Tlingit	0	0	0	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	1,490	680	805
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	10	10	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	62,960	29,640	33,315	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,640	4,705	3,935	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	975	520	460	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	500	260	240	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	480	265	215	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	55	20	35	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	0	0	0	1,085	625	470
Oromo	0	0	0	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	55	20	35	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	480	220	265
Semitic languages	8,110	4,445	3,665	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	10	0	0	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	8,050	4,405	3,650	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	0	0	0	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	55	40	15	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	0	0	0	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	10	0	10	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,600	755	835	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	570	285	290	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	1,050	480	565	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	395	165	230	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	0	0	0	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	30	0	20	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	0	0	0	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	0	0	0	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	190	80	105	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	65	30	30	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	0	0	0	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	35	75	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	1,300	630	670	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	120	65	55	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	1,055	495	560	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	130	70	55	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	0	0	0	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	0	0	0	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	0	0	0	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	15	10	0	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	43,890	19,835	24,055	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	290	165	125	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	25	20	10	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	3,235	1,595	1,630	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	10	15	0	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	10	10	0	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	0	10	0	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	3,220	1,590	1,630	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	10	10	10	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	645	350	295	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	150	70	75	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	165	75	85	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	65	40	25	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	15	15	0	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	445	215	240	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	1,250	595	655	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	180	100	85	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	375	160	210	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	60	40	25	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	200	95	105	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	10	10	10	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	0	0	0	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	3,830	1,990	1,835	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	25	20	0	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	45	20	25	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	280	170	115	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	0	0	0	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	3,375	1,735	1,640	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	10	0	0	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	20	10	0	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	110	65	50	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	15	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	0	0	0	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	250	135	115	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	1,945	935	1,010	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	1,100	560	545	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	105	60	45	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	25	10	15	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	205	120	85	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	0	0	0	905	490	420
Konkani	0	0	0	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	0	0	10	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	810	390	425	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	0	0	0	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	55	35	20	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	675	320	355	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	60	30	30	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	0	0	0	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	635	300	330	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	80	125	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	36,280	15,945	20,330	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	75	40	35	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	2,990	1,345	1,650	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	2,795	1,395	1,400	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	1,030	480	560	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	30,970	13,395	17,580	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	540	305	240	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	0	0	10	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	10	0	0	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	45	15	30	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	0	0	0	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	4,685	2,535	2,155	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	170	95	75	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	10	0	0	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	75	50	25	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	250	145	105	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	0	0	0	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	10	10	0	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	10	10	0	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	495	275	225	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	670	345	325	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	405	200	205	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	0	0	0	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	1,020	570	450	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	640	395	250	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	20	10	10	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,700	885	815	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	165	60	95	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	0	0	0	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	160	65	95	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	650	215	435	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	20	0	15	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	420	140	280	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	250	75	170	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,905	910	1,000	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	1,750	825	925	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	445	220	220	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	0	0	0	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	1,245	585	665	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	30	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	15	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	60	70	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	160	85	70	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	60	35	20	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	105	55	50	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	0	10	0	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	260	115	140	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	120	60	60	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	160	75	90	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	50	65
Turkic languages	125	65	65	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	25	10	15	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	100	55	45	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	0	0	0	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	220	105	115	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	0	0	0	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	40	10	30	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	175	95	80	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	255	110	145	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	685,330	334,995	350,335	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	663,555	324,195	339,355	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	119,375	60,910	58,460	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	544,180	263,285	280,900	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	21,775	10,800	10,980	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	685,335	334,995	350,335	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	637,685	311,015	326,675	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	42,365	21,310	21,050	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	5,030	2,795	2,235	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	3,155	1,630	1,530	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	6,065	2,840	3,230	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	15,055	7,580	7,475	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	5,920	3,030	2,885	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	9,135	4,545	4,590	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	13,055	6,470	6,590	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	5,285	2,670	2,610	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	42,365	21,310	21,055	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	5,855	2,540	3,320	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	6,075	3,105	2,970	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	6,625	3,280	3,340	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	21,680	11,315	10,365	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	2,130	1,065	1,060	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	42,365	21,310	21,050	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	9,475	4,460	5,015	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	890	425	465	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	2,735	1,295	1,440	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	385	180	205	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	10	0	10	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	1,105	510	590	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	20	15	0	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	860	440	420	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	445	185	260	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	20	65,040	29,325	35,710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,065	480	585	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	1,955	930	1,025	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	13,780	7,305	6,470	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	880	440	445	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	65	15	50	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	7,255	4,035	3,215	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	660	260	395	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	75	45	30	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	70	40	25	36,820	17,945	18,875
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	420	265	155	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	45	25	25	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	275	115	155	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	475	245	235	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	680	340	340	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	250	120	130	78,685	34,265	44,420
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	55	40	20	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	240	115	125	73,030	33,360	39,665
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	240	150	90	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	2,085	1,060	1,025	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	12,750	6,935	5,810	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	1,915	1,065	850	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	260	130	130	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	10	0	10	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	40	10	25	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	2,140	1,190	955	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	35	25	15	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	0	0	10	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	8,310	4,500	3,810	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	6,310	2,570	3,740	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	95	55	40	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	120	55	65	58,735	29,875	28,865
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,705	430	1,270	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	55	10	45	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	70	35	35	668,565	334,030	334,540
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	340	175	170	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	120	45	80	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	110	10	100	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	140	75	60	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	285	180	105	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	35	20	15	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	135	50	90	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	131,995	64,825	67,170
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	340	175	170	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	55	30	20	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	765	340	430	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	1,935	885	1,050	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	50	40	15	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	13,060	6,465	6,590	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	2,740	1,310	1,430	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	550	260	290	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	910	430	480	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	195	105	90	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	330	145	190	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	0	10	0	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	255	130	125	18,660	9,090	9,575
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	95	55	40	33,060	16,480	16,580
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	100	55	50	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	300	130	170	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	3,000	1,605	1,400	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	2,155	1,165	995	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	45	25	20	6,300	3,255	3,045
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	5,660	3,540	2,120
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	110	45	70	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	60	25	30	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	20	0	10	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	85	40	45	13,425	6,015	7,410
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	45	40	10	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	475	260	220	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	5,485	2,760	2,725	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	515	245	270	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	805	375	430	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	280	155	125	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	750	385	370	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	30	20	10	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	10	0	0	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	0	0	0	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	715	360	360	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	10	0	0	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	0	0	10	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	685	375	310	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	1,670	835	835	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	1,815	780	1,035	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	0	10	10	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	10	10	10	12,900	6,445	6,460
China^{Census data footnote 59}	190	80	115	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	15	0	15	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	25	10	15	147,190	75,145	72,045
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	175	80	95	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	85	30	55	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	0	0	0	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	25	0	25	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	0	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	40	15	25	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	235	105	125	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	10	0	10	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	45	15	30	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	11,495	5,190	6,305
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	265	130	135	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	10	0	0	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	10	10	0	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	85	35	55	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	560	240	315	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	20	10	10	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	0	0	0	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	15	10	0	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	685,330	334,995	350,335	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	50,180	25,235	24,945	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	29,000	14,700	14,300	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	606,150	295,055	311,095	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	37,770	18,715	19,050	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	20,750	11,195	9,555	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	10,485	6,940	3,550	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	10,265	4,255	6,010	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	8,965	3,550	5,415	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	7,895	3,885	4,005	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	160	85	80	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	685,330	334,995	350,340	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	10,220	4,975	5,245	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	9,765	4,810	4,950	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	5,685	2,725	2,960	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	3,935	2,035	1,905	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	145	55	90	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	145	40	100	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	315	120	190	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	675,110	330,020	345,095	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	685,330	334,995	350,335	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	4,905	2,350	2,555	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	680,430	332,645	347,785	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	685,330	334,995	350,340	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	5,220	2,385	2,835	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	5,075	2,335	2,735	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,205	1,955	2,250	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	810	365	450	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	60	25	35	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	145	45	100	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	130	45	80	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	15	0	15	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	17,955	8,455	9,500	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	17,595	8,310	9,290	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15,245	7,105	8,135	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,230	1,135	1,095	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	125	65	60	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	355	150	205	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	140	195	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	662,160	324,155	338,005	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	685,330	334,995	350,335	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	37,230	18,620	18,615	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,480	770	710	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	2,745	935	1,805	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	13,695	7,175	6,520	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	245	125	120	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	7,430	3,520	3,915	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	6,860	3,865	2,995	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	2,735	1,270	1,465	313,260	148,880	164,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	665	305	360	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	230	130	100	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	245	80	160	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	345	180	160	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	565	260	305	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	648,100	316,375	331,725	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	685,330	334,995	350,335	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	23,170	10,840	12,330	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	19,935	9,260	10,675	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	225	100	125	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	3,510	1,680	1,835	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	498,455	241,710	256,745	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	3,135	1,415	1,720	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	2,630	1,225	1,400	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	482,240	233,600	248,635	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	60	35	25	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	35	10	20	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	60	25	30	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	15,975	8,060	7,915	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	10	1,895	950	945
European origins	249,255	123,410	125,840	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	51,675	24,395	27,280	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	155	80	80	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	0	0	0	1,975	995	975
English	9,925	4,890	5,030	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	34,660	16,185	18,470	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	0	0	0	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	13,370	6,135	7,240	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	275	120	155	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	780	390	395	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	201,770	100,365	101,410	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	100	55	45	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	1,135	515	620	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	100	35	65	1,750	950	805
French	200,890	99,960	100,930	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	15,580	7,660	7,915	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	405	235	170	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	0	0	0	940	485	455
Belgian	3,480	1,760	1,715	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	965	450	515	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	115	70	45	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	0	0	0	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	9,320	4,400	4,925	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	130	90	40	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	2,015	1,065	955	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,350	670	680	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	220	130	85	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	100	45	60	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	20	15	0	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	510	255	260	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	310	130	175	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	260	120	135	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	6,385	3,070	3,320	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	215	110	110	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	45	15	30	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	250	135	115	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	40	30	15	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	10	10	0	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	675	315	360	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	20	15	0	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	120	75	50	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	200	85	115	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	1,995	965	1,030	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	1,320	635	685	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	1,135	525	615	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	185	85	100	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	1,010	455	560	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	10	0	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	16,955	8,440	8,515	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	275	165	115	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	860	460	400	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	40	25	15	1,280	740	535
Croatian	340	180	155	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	10	0	0	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	800	400	395	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	8,540	4,325	4,215	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	55	40	15	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	50	30	25	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	55	25	35	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	15	0	10	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	2,625	1,250	1,375	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	375	200	175	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	55	20	35	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	55	35	20	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	4,235	2,055	2,180	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	155	70	85	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	15	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	1,110	590	520	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	305	170	140	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	185	95	85	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	15	15	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	580	305	280	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	3,525	1,790	1,735	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	0	0	0	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	15	0	15	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	40	30	10	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	0	0	0	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	0	0	0	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	480	260	225	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	365	170	195	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	0	0	0	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	110	45	65	1,125	515	605
Haitian	2,090	1,060	1,030	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	170	95	70	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	105	30	75	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	0	0	0	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	25	20	10	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	0	0	0	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	20	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	35	20	15	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	185	95	90	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	9,455	4,505	4,950	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	275	135	140	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	0	0	0	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	215	120	95	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	0	0	0	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	110	40	70	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	870	420	450	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	790	415	385	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	3,400	1,645	1,755	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	25	10	10	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	110	60	55	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	150	60	85	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	40	15	20	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	65	20	45	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	145	60	80	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	45	20	25	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	1,655	765	890	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	110	40	65	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	20	10	10	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	40	10	35	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	755	340	415	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	560	285	270	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	60	25	40	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	205	105	95	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	250	110	135	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	20,150	10,650	9,500	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	7,810	4,180	3,630	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	65	25	35	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	10	0	10	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	0	0	0	1,585	855	735
Beninese	510	285	225	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	250	150	95	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	1,545	780	765	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	55	25	35	1,845	955	885
Congolese	1,640	920	720	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	0	0	0	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	45	15	30	845	470	375
Gabonese	170	80	80	1,405	660	750
Gambian	0	10	0	975	495	475
Ghanaian	100	65	35	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	345	185	155	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	10	10	10	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	1,140	585	550	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	30	0	30	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	255	135	115	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	25	15	10	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	100	50	50	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	120	75	45	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	905	510	400	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	310	170	135	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	75	45	25	840	495	345
Yoruba	10	0	0	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	745	360	390	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	8,325	4,445	3,880	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	2,280	1,200	1,080	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	1,420	785	640	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	10	0	0	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	0	0	0	900	500	400
Egyptian	470	210	255	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	10	10	0	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	35	30	15	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	2,645	1,440	1,200	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	0	0	0	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	1,825	980	845	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	150	80	70	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	2,260	1,165	1,090	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	10	0	10	1,870	955	915
Amhara	0	0	0	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	95	70	25	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	790	410	375	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	15	15	0	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	30	15	15	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	0	0	10	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	0	0	0	665	355	305
Kenyan	10	10	0	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	315	130	185	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	100	45	50	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	0	0	0	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	565	275	295	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	0	10	0	1,285	575	710
Somali	70	30	35	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	45	30	15	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	40	30	10	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	10	0	0	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	70	25	45	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	0	0	10	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	0	0	0	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	205	120	85	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	2,090	1,050	1,040	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	145	75	70	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,015	1,010	1,005	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	14,010	6,700	7,310	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	5,330	2,825	2,500	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	145	70	75	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	2,200	1,225	970	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	215	125	85	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	10	0	0	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	30	10	20	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	0	0	0	1,515	810	705
Iranian	610	285	325	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	120	50	70	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	15	10	10	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	10	10	0	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	15	10	10	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	50	30	25	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	1,120	575	545	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	125	70	55	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	0	0	0	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	10	10	10	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	510	265	250	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	10	0	10	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	30	20	15	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	255	125	130	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	0	0	0	1,040	540	500
Uighur	0	0	0	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	0	0	0	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	60	35	25	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	30	15	10	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	1,460	745	715	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	40	25	15	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	20	15	10	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	200	85	115	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	670	360	315	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	0	0	0	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	0	0	0	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	440	205	235	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	90	65	25	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	10	0	10	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	0	0	0	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	10	10	0	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	0	0	0	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	10	0	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	7,310	3,170	4,135	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	260	115	140	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	785	390	395	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	3,570	1,295	2,275	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	280	145	140	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	0	0	0	805	420	390
Indonesian	55	20	35	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	445	185	260	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	95	55	45	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	265	150	110	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	290	140	155	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	0	0	0	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	15	0	15	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	0	0	0	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	65	35	25	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	190	60	135	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	0	0	0	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	1,785	945	840	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	10	10	10	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	0	10	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	155	90	65	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	60	35	25	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	20	15	10	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	75	40	25	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	10	10	0	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	0	0	0	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	0	0	0	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	40	20	20	1,530	725	805
Samoan	0	0	0	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	15	10	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	324,520	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	186,295	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	138,185	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	35	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	324,515	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	51,510	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	273,005	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	324,515	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	2,845	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	61,335	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	109,345	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	94,625	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	56,370	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	324,515	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	134,650	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	50,975	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	33,380	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	32,890	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	72,620	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	324,515	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	323,195	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,320	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	324,515	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	318,315	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	6,205	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	324,515	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	68,140	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	102,990	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	51,835	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	38,770	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	18,835	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	22,955	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	20,990	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	324,515	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	308,865	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	15,655	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	324,515	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	199,710	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	121,595	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,210	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	324,520	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,440	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	49,720	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	52,665	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	57,225	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	65,905	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	52,320	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	25,070	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	8,165	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	323,335	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	263,470	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	59,865	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	54,090	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	185,610	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.0	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.6	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,041	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,099	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	269,927	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,933	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	137,900	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.0	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	30.5	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	743	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	796	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	580,810	281,770	299,040	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	78,745	38,145	40,600	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	117,235	53,520	63,715	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	384,830	190,105	194,720	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	92,240	55,990	36,255	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	67,160	35,765	31,395	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	25,085	20,220	4,860	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	121,670	54,335	67,335	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,030	8,765	14,265	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	147,890	71,025	76,870	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	92,975	43,020	49,955	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,220	5,320	5,910	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,590	2,330	2,260	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	32,450	16,140	16,315	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	6,650	4,220	2,430	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	376,435	186,015	190,425	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	28,310	15,985	12,325	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	59,725	29,130	30,590	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	288,405	140,900	147,505	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	69,860	41,555	28,305	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	51,625	26,815	24,810	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,235	14,735	3,495	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	85,095	38,985	46,105	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,010	5,905	9,110	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	118,440	54,450	63,990	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	74,035	33,545	40,495	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,395	3,560	4,840	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,575	1,545	2,035	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	27,230	12,805	14,420	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,200	3,005	2,200	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	580,810	281,775	299,035	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	195,980	91,665	104,315	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	28,225	7,300	20,925	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	28,225	7,300	20,920	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15,310	6,910	8,400	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,935	2,015	920	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	12,375	4,895	7,480	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	23,630	10,355	13,280	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,020	765	2,260	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	475	170	310	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	12,070	5,640	6,430	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	170	95	75	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,110	750	365	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,180	670	510	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	2,025	1,170	855	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	3,575	1,105	2,470	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	38,650	14,050	24,600	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	195	50	145	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	5,370	1,795	3,580	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,120	720	6,405	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	8,180	3,300	4,885	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,200	215	980	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	5,100	1,290	3,805	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	11,485	6,685	4,800	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	91,710	36,300	55,405	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	60	20	40	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,145	1,550	4,595	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85,505	34,735	50,775	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,295	8,830	7,465	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,265	2,820	3,445	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,665	1,020	645	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	4,115	1,990	2,125	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	3,560	2,685	870	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	690	315	385	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,915	13,740	5,175	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	16,005	12,275	3,730	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	1,320	365	955	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,310	890	420	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	275	205	75	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	68,790	63,100	5,690	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	3,030	1,850	1,180	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	12,560	10,730	1,830	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	14,190	12,930	1,260	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	16,020	15,440	580	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,240	13,800	440	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	8,745	8,355	395	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,085	4,575	2,510	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,575	1,890	1,690	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,510	2,685	825	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	49,575	10,625	38,950	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,920	1,635	1,285	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	45,125	8,160	36,965	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,535	830	705	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	26,330	14,210	12,125	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	15,325	4,810	10,515	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	160	10	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	4,910	3,665	1,240	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,900	5,550	355	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	305	105	200	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	305	105	200	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	376,435	186,015	190,420	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	88,030	45,115	42,910	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	18,470	4,395	14,070	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	18,470	4,395	14,075	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	11,615	5,225	6,390	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,235	1,470	770	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	9,385	3,760	5,625	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	14,325	6,300	8,025	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,380	600	1,780	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	345	130	215	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,180	3,150	3,030	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	125	80	45	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	760	495	265	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	625	365	260	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	1,410	805	605	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	2,500	680	1,820	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,270	10,445	19,830	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170	40	125	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,605	1,570	3,035	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,780	565	5,210	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	6,270	2,200	4,070	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	870	150	715	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	3,805	905	2,895	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	8,775	5,005	3,770	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	72,045	27,385	44,660	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	15	35	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,770	1,080	3,685	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	67,230	26,285	40,940	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10,155	5,520	4,640	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,180	2,215	2,970	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	970	610	360	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	720	420	300	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	2,790	2,030	760	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	495	240	255	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	16,680	12,110	4,570	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	14,525	11,140	3,380	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	1,060	270	790	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	875	540	335	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	220	160	60	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	51,810	46,905	4,905	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	2,475	1,480	990	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	10,055	8,395	1,655	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,930	9,865	1,065	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	11,380	10,895	480	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10,365	10,010	355	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	6,605	6,250	350	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,770	3,585	2,185	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,910	1,480	1,420	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,865	2,105	755	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	36,540	7,975	28,560	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,405	1,325	1,075	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	32,955	6,115	26,835	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,180	535	645	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	20,445	10,955	9,485	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	11,885	3,700	8,185	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	105	10	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	3,725	2,725	1,000	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,700	4,405	295	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	270	90	180	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	275	95	180	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	580,810	281,775	299,040	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	195,980	91,665	104,315	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	384,830	190,105	194,725	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	366,415	180,155	186,260	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	359,720	176,240	183,485	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	6,695	3,910	2,780	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	18,415	9,955	8,465	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,545	1,010	530	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	70	15	60	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	70	50	20	281,415	142,410	138,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	355	245	105	232,035	131,050	100,980
China^{Census data footnote 162}	380	180	205	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	6,055	3,460	2,590	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	9,945	5,000	4,945	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	376,435	186,015	190,425	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	88,030	45,115	42,910	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	288,405	140,900	147,510	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	272,905	132,840	140,065	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	268,125	130,090	138,035	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	4,780	2,745	2,035	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	15,505	8,060	7,440	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	865	525	345	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	70	15	55	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	50	30	15	239,535	117,445	122,090
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	255	180	80	133,655	73,575	60,085
China^{Census data footnote 162}	330	145	190	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	5,015	2,785	2,230	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	8,905	4,375	4,530	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	580,810	281,770	299,040	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	384,115	197,225	186,895	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	366,060	186,545	179,515	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	18,055	10,680	7,375	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	196,695	84,545	112,150	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	66.1	70.0	62.5	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	63.0	66.2	60.0	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	4.7	5.4	3.9	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	580,810	281,770	299,040	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	180,215	75,850	104,365	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	400,595	205,920	194,675	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	199,085	106,670	92,415	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	201,510	99,250	102,255	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.6	43.7	43.5	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	384,115	197,220	186,890	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,615	2,860	2,755	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	378,495	194,365	184,135	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	343,460	173,645	169,810	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	35,040	20,720	14,325	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	384,115	197,225	186,890	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,620	2,860	2,760	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	378,500	194,365	184,135	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	34,515	21,680	12,835	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	70,040	23,170	46,870	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35,650	27,505	8,145	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	31,375	6,845	24,530	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	50,155	17,550	32,610	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	12,220	5,885	6,335	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	93,545	45,465	48,085	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	38,825	36,760	2,065	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,275	1,955	320	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	9,900	7,555	2,345	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	384,115	197,220	186,890	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,615	2,860	2,760	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	378,495	194,365	184,135	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,955	1,320	640	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	655	560	95	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	1,685	1,300	385	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	18,235	16,100	2,135	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	27,055	20,275	6,780	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	11,625	8,570	3,055	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	45,740	22,225	23,515	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,840	10,315	2,525	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	6,995	4,470	2,520	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	22,450	9,140	13,310	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,690	3,475	2,210	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,520	16,950	11,570	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	180	60	115	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,595	10,145	5,450	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	28,440	9,830	18,610	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	51,820	11,415	40,405	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	7,050	3,540	3,505	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	29,565	14,245	15,320	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,325	7,280	9,040	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	46,085	23,135	22,945	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	366,060	186,545	179,515	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	19,605	9,800	9,810	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	655	420	230	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	27,895	20,715	7,180	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	317,905	155,610	162,290	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	317,905	155,610	162,295	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	242,590	114,410	128,180	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	18,525	9,380	9,140	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	56,235	31,400	24,835	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	550	410	140	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	345,800	176,325	169,475	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	257,935	137,105	120,830	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	13,570	4,595	8,970	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	42,625	18,065	24,565	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	23,640	11,230	12,405	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	5,010	3,565	1,445	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	3,020	1,765	1,255	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	345,800	176,325	169,475	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	95,060	46,390	48,675	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	152,660	79,950	72,710	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	66,795	34,185	32,605	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	19,715	9,440	10,275	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	11,570	6,360	5,210	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	345,800	176,325	169,475	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	12,490	9,245	3,245	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	61,275	38,835	22,440	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	124,545	58,000	66,545	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	71,610	31,830	39,780	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	29,600	12,885	16,715	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	46,275	25,530	20,750	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	409,075	209,990	199,090	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	398,190	203,720	194,470	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	397,645	203,490	194,155	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	8,240	4,945	3,295	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	389,410	198,545	190,865	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	540	230	315	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	40	15	25	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	35	10	25	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	15	20	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	35	15	25	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	0	0	0	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	10	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	10	0	0	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	25	85
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	260	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	500	220	285	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	275	105	170
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	45	25	20
Somali	0	0	0	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	0	0	0	200	95	100
Arabic	15	10	0	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	825	335	490
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	475	230	245
Vietnamese	25	10	15	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	25	0	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Creole languages	10	0	0	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tamil	0	0	0	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	0	0	0	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	295	120	175	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	0	0	10	350	220	125
Armenian	0	0	0	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Latvian	0	0	0	40	10	25
Lithuanian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Slavic languages	30	10	20	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	10	10	155	90	65
Bulgarian	0	0	0	205	110	90
Croatian	0	0	0	220	130	95
Czech	0	0	0	70	40	30
Macedonian	0	0	0	95	45	55
Polish	0	0	0	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	20	0	15	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	0	0	0	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Slovak	0	0	0	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	10	10	10	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	0	0	0	85	40	40
Danish	0	0	0	90	50	35
Dutch	0	0	0	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	15	10	10	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	65	30	40
Swedish	0	0	0	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	495	225
Greek	0	0	0	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	20	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	25	0	20	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	10	0	10	530	275	245
Gujarati	0	0	0	880	300	585
Hindi	0	0	0	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	20	10	15	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	40	25	20
Urdu	0	0	0	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	0	10	0	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	0	0	0	185	150	40
Pashto	0	0	0	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	215	90	125	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Italian	0	0	0	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	65	35	30	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	0	0	0	745	365	380
Spanish	140	45	95	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Japanese	15	0	10	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Georgian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Korean	0	0	0	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	80	50	30
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	0	30	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	20	0	20	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	45	20	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	70	45	20	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	25	20	0	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	0	0	0	70	25	45
Mandarin	40	30	15	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	0	0	0	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	270	155	115
Burmese	0	0	0	75	35	35
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	75	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	675	270	405
Lao	0	0	0	150	70	80
Thai	20	10	15	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	0
Turkish	0	10	0	685	435	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	595	270	325
Estonian	0	0	0	50	15	40
Finnish	0	0	0	105	40	65
Hungarian	0	0	0	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35
Multiple responses	10,890	6,265	4,625	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	10,010	5,880	4,130	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	70	30	40	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	455	175	275	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	355	180	175	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	409,080	209,985	199,095	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	324,885	160,670	164,215	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	75,155	44,375	30,785	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	6,370	3,735	2,635	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	1,605	765	845	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	90	45	45	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	1,515	715	800	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	25	10	15	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	960	405	550	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	70	35	40	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	678,700	331,600	347,095	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	596,830	291,165	305,665	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	81,870	40,435	41,435	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	59,535	29,635	29,900	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	22,335	10,800	11,535	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	18,380	8,910	9,470	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	17,395	8,370	9,030	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	980	540	445	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	3,955	1,890	2,065	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	649,980	317,150	332,835	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	410,820	199,510	211,310	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	239,165	117,640	121,530	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	165,010	81,465	83,540	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	74,160	36,170	37,985	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	59,110	28,805	30,305	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	56,015	27,170	28,840	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	3,095	1,630	1,460	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	15,045	7,365	7,685	1,381,460	682,625	698,835

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 28, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Canada [Country]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Canada [Country]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Canada [Country]