Census Profile, 2016 Census
Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Alberta [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Québec Quebec [Population centre]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Québec [Population centre], Quebec Map : Québec [Population centre], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	705,103	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	681,804 ^r	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.4	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	341,184	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	324,430	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,648.8	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	427.66	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	705,105	341,815	363,285	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	104,580	53,230	51,350	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	35,290	18,070	17,225	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	36,890	18,755	18,135	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	32,400	16,405	15,990	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	459,915	228,530	231,390	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	33,820	17,130	16,685	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	46,810	23,155	23,660	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	46,645	23,525	23,120	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	45,620	23,405	22,210	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	47,855	24,295	23,565	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	41,610	21,025	20,590	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	41,485	20,645	20,835	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	51,330	25,290	26,035	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	54,610	26,415	28,190	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	50,135	23,640	26,495	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	140,605	60,060	80,545	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	45,465	21,215	24,250	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	35,820	16,240	19,580	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	23,665	10,240	13,430	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	17,320	6,805	10,515	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	18,340	5,565	12,770	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	11,460	3,855	7,605	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	5,340	1,435	3,905	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	1,360	255	1,105	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	180	20	160	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.6	14.1	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	65.2	66.9	63.7	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	19.9	17.6	22.2	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	2.6	1.6	3.5	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	42.9	41.5	44.2	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	43.2	41.4	45.1	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	324,430	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	119,150	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	22,095	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	181,245	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	18,675	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	8,390	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,060	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	131,825	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,285	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,940	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	324,430	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	119,135	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	116,420	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	40,665	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	34,655	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	13,560	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	685,040	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	600,520	288,585	311,935	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	335,145	167,715	167,430	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	178,660	89,255	89,410	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	156,480	78,465	78,015	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	265,375	120,870	144,510	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	181,940	95,170	86,770	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	7,970	3,485	4,485	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	41,615	15,230	26,380	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	33,855	6,985	26,870	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	193,265	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	109,980	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	37,830	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	33,530	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	11,925	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	193,270	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	164,055	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	85,885	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	78,170	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	29,220	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	21,240	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	7,970	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	164,050	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	91,490	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	72,565	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	29,235	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	31,780	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	11,545	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	29,215	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	18,495	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	8,595	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	2,130	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	154,545	71,820	82,730	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	324,430	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	190,970	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	90,455	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	100,510	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,140	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	132,320	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	119,140	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	13,185	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	694,380	337,840	356,535	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	1,530	815	710	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	415,730	185,870	229,860	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	275,160	150,290	124,875	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	1,955	870	1,085	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	694,375	337,840	356,535	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	10,740	5,505	5,240	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	675,785	328,275	347,515	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	5,985	3,250	2,735	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	1,865	810	1,050	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	13,735	7,130	6,605	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	694,375	337,845	356,535	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	687,545	334,300	353,250	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	658,495	319,855	338,635	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	9,125	4,680	4,445	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	649,370	315,175	334,195	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	29,050	14,440	14,610	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	590	230	360	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	580	225	350	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	565	225	340	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	40	20	25	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	510	205	310	0	5	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	0	5
Naskapi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	50	15	35
Plains Cree	0	0	0	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	50	20	35
Woods Cree	0	0	0	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	5	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	550	235	315
Algonquin	10	0	5	5	0	5
Ojibway	0	0	0	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	10
Inuktitut	10	0	5	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	45	35
Salish languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	0	0	0	350	165	185
Stoney	0	0	0	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	28,460	14,210	14,250	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,955	3,325	2,630	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	745	415	330	340	190	145
Kabyle	390	215	175	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	355	205	150	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	45	20	25	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	0	0	0	315	185	130
Oromo	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	45	20	20	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	40	20	20
Semitic languages	5,135	2,870	2,265	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	5	0	5	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	5,110	2,860	2,250	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	80	65
Harari	0	0	0	260	135	120
Hebrew	10	5	5	960	505	460
Maltese	0	0	0	75	30	40
Tigrigna	10	5	5	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,255	595	660	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	400	180	215	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	855	415	440	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	375	145	230	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	0	0	0	425	205	225
Cebuano	25	0	20	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	0	0	0	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	5	0	5	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	210	95	115	35	10	25
Malay	20	10	15	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	5	765	370	390
Pangasinan	0	0	0	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	25	60	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	980	430	550
Creole languages	565	265	300	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	45	20	25	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	515	240	275	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	30	20	10	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	0	0	0	535	270	265
Malayalam	10	5	0	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	15	10	5	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	10	5	0	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	15,345	7,430	7,915	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	210	105	105	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	60	30	30	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	2,540	1,195	1,345	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	25	15	10	1,010	475	535
Latvian	15	5	5	415	195	220
Lithuanian	10	5	5	600	285	315
Slavic languages	2,515	1,180	1,335	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	0	0	0	65	30	30
Bosnian	625	315	310	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	230	110	125	1,545	790	755
Croatian	95	50	50	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	40	15	20	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	10	5	0	360	185	175
Polish	285	130	155	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	640	265	370	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	160	80	75	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	275	130	145	970	480	485
Slovak	25	10	10	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	695	320	370
Ukrainian	120	55	65	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	215	120	100
Celtic languages	5	0	5	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	135	70	65
Welsh	0	0	0	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	40	25
Germanic languages	655	290	365	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	10	5	5	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	10	5	5	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	115	60	55	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	0	0	0	360	200	160
German	460	185	275	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	0	0	0	115	55	60
Norwegian	5	0	5	815	370	445
Swedish	35	15	15	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	320	150	170
Yiddish	0	0	0	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	55	30	25
Greek	95	55	40	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	1,655	815	835	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	1,030	525	510	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	70	40	30	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	15	10	5	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	40	25	15	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	0	0	0	105	60	50
Konkani	0	0	5	370	190	185
Marathi	5	5	5	1,510	775	730
Nepali	845	420	425	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	5	0	5	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	30	15	15	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	525	260	265	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	50	30	15	1,550	845	705
Pashto	0	0	0	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	480	230	245	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	35	60	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	10,130	4,935	5,195	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	15	10	5	75	30	45
Italian	595	335	260	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	1,615	800	815	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	825	395	430	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	7,070	3,390	3,680	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	35	20	15
Japanese	155	45	110	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	0	0	5	230	130	105
Georgian	5	0	5	230	130	100
Korean	40	10	30	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	0	0	5	545	255	290
Mongolian	0	0	0	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	2,780	1,435	1,345	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	75	40	30	35	20	15
Edo	0	0	0	275	155	120
Ewe	45	25	25	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	160	95	60	230	120	100
Ga	0	0	0	145	80	65
Ganda	5	0	0	280	145	135
Igbo	0	0	0	1,165	625	540
Lingala	115	55	55	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	480	235	240	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	135	170	805	405	400
Shona	0	0	0	1,100	545	555
Swahili	505	245	260	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	305	165	135	280	165	110
Yoruba	10	10	5	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	785	420	355	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	15	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	0	0	0	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	110	55	60	830	440	390
American Sign Language	0	0	0	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	65	25	35	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	25	20	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,335	635	705	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	1,235	575	655	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	265	135	125	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	0	0	0	990	465	530
Mandarin	835	380	460	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	0	0	0	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	5	10	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	80	45	40	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	100	50	45	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	10	5	10	430	230	200
Karenic languages	70	35	30	795	415	380
Tibetan	5	5	5	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	190	70	115	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	120	55	60	1,020	485	535
Thai	70	15	55	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	90	55	35	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	15	10	5	365	215	155
Turkish	65	45	20	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	0	0	0	130	70	60
Uzbek	0	0	0	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	215	95	120
Uralic languages	135	75	65	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	5	0	0	190	90	105
Finnish	10	5	5	810	330	480
Hungarian	125	70	60	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	55	40	20	690	415	280
Multiple responses	6,835	3,545	3,285	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	3,270	1,720	1,550	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	220	120	105	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	3,060	1,560	1,505	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	275	150	130	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	694,380	337,840	356,535	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	683,910	332,580	351,330	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	669,250	325,450	343,800	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	6,780	3,480	3,300	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	662,470	321,970	340,500	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	14,660	7,130	7,525	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	280	120	170	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	275	115	155	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	270	110	155	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	10	5	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	260	110	150	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	190	95	95
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	0	0	0	175	85	85
Stoney	0	0	0	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	14,375	7,015	7,360	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,225	1,145	1,080	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	235	120	115	200	105	95
Kabyle	165	80	80	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	0	0	0	280	160	115
Oromo	0	0	0	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	10	5	5	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Semitic languages	1,965	1,015	950	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	0	0	0	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	1,955	1,010	945	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	95	50	40
Harari	0	0	0	165	80	85
Hebrew	5	0	5	460	235	225
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	675	300	375	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	185	75	105	960	460	500
Vietnamese	485	220	265	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	95	50	50	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	0	0	0	70	40	35
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	470	215	255
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	65	30	35	20	10	10
Malay	5	5	0	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	220	110	110
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	280	120	155
Creole languages	145	60	80	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	135	60	75	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	0	0	0	210	105	105
Malayalam	5	0	0	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	5	5	5	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	0	0	5	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	9,080	4,405	4,675	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	105	50	50	1,060	570	485
Armenian	35	20	15	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	1,390	675	720	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	10	5	5	410	210	200
Latvian	5	0	5	165	85	80
Lithuanian	0	0	0	250	125	120
Slavic languages	1,380	670	710	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	370	180	190	785	400	385
Bulgarian	135	70	70	825	415	405
Croatian	55	25	25	1,800	905	895
Czech	10	5	5	875	440	430
Macedonian	5	5	0	175	90	85
Polish	100	45	55	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	390	185	205	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	100	55	45	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	140	65	75	315	160	155
Slovak	0	0	0	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	150	70	75
Ukrainian	70	35	35	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Celtic languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	5
Welsh	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	100	45	55	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,705	835	875
Danish	0	0	0	150	75	75
Dutch	20	10	10	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	0	0	0	60	30	30
German	75	30	40	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	60	20	35
Swedish	5	5	5	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	60	30	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	210
Greek	20	10	10	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	1,380	670	710	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	910	450	465	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	45	25	25	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	15	10	10	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	15	10	5	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	20	25
Konkani	0	0	0	75	40	40
Marathi	0	0	0	845	440	405
Nepali	815	400	415	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	0	0	0	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,480	750	730
Urdu	15	10	5	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	380	185	195	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	20	10	10	850	440	410
Pashto	0	0	0	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	360	175	185	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	50	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	6,055	2,940	3,115	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	5	0	5	35	10	20
Italian	115	50	65	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	1,075	535	540	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	455	230	230	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	4,400	2,120	2,275	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	5
Japanese	60	25	40	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	160	85	70
Georgian	0	0	0	160	85	70
Korean	15	5	15	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	335	160	175
Mongolian	0	0	0	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	765	360	405	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	845	415	430
Bamanankan	15	5	10	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	70	35	35
Ewe	10	5	0	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	105	55	45
Ga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ganda	0	0	0	95	50	50
Igbo	0	0	0	265	125	145
Lingala	30	15	10	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	170	80	95	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	20	30	350	175	170
Shona	0	0	0	410	190	225
Swahili	170	85	90	1,090	530	565
Wolof	105	55	50	170	95	75
Yoruba	0	0	0	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	1,525	765	755
Dinka	0	0	0	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	725	350	375
Sign languages	145	75	70	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	0	0	0	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	65	30	30	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,000	510	490	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	905	460	445	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	165	85	80	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	0	0	0	315	135	185
Mandarin	650	330	320	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	10	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	30	30	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	90	50	45	1,500	770	730
Burmese	15	5	5	280	145	130
Karenic languages	65	35	30	665	340	320
Tibetan	5	0	0	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	1,130	505	625
Lao	40	20	25	465	215	245
Thai	25	10	15	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	30	15	20	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	155	90	75
Turkish	25	10	10	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	45	40
Uzbek	0	0	0	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	70	35	25
Uralic languages	30	10	15	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Finnish	0	5	5	105	50	50
Hungarian	30	10	15	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	240	140	95
Multiple responses	10,465	5,260	5,205	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	3,220	1,710	1,510	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	240	120	125	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	6,340	3,095	3,245	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	675	345	335	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	694,375	337,840	356,535	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	640,535	309,505	331,035	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	30,420	16,775	13,640	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	10,530	5,190	5,335	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	10,820	5,325	5,490	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	225	85	135	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	10,595	5,245	5,355	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	555	295	260	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	1,215	605	610	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	270	120	150	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	35	25	10	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	580,635	281,715	298,920	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	568,810	276,155	292,650	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,803	42,567	33,513	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	568,910	276,170	292,740	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,997	36,487	29,752	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	524,590	259,240	265,350	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,117	39,450	29,074	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	428,965	193,515	235,460	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,039	5,527	7,949	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	420,490	216,165	204,325	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,063	38,768	31,545	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	580,810	281,770	299,040	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	569,160	276,310	292,850	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,592	52,074	39,476	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	569,220	276,315	292,905	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,323	41,823	33,077	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	524,845	259,885	264,960	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,682	49,786	35,713	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	428,785	193,345	235,440	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,274	7,499	8,911	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	420,610	216,875	203,740	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,975	46,621	37,029	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	580,810	281,770	299,040	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	195,850	104,630	91,220	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	49,687	53,907	45,639	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	57,242	62,492	51,220	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.3	89.9	81.8	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.1	70.4	65.2	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.7	10.1	18.2	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	580,635	281,715	298,920	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	11,825	5,560	6,265	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	568,810	276,150	292,655	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	98.0	98.0	97.9	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	54,610	23,910	30,695	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	91,970	36,060	55,915	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	77,965	32,840	45,125	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	77,455	35,580	41,870	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	73,405	35,080	38,320	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	56,990	29,820	27,170	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	40,485	22,870	17,615	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	30,745	17,595	13,150	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	20,275	11,915	8,360	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	11,780	7,535	4,240	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	33,140	22,940	10,200	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	22,825	15,325	7,500	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	10,310	7,615	2,700	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	580,640	281,715	298,920	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	11,720	5,545	6,175	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	568,915	276,170	292,740	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	98.0	98.0	97.9	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	58,580	24,465	34,115	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	95,855	38,310	57,545	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	98,935	42,800	56,135	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	103,370	49,435	53,930	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	81,335	42,265	39,075	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	53,360	30,175	23,185	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	32,730	18,715	14,010	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	16,485	10,335	6,155	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	28,265	19,660	8,605	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	9,305	6,140	3,165	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	5,620	3,865	1,750	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	13,350	9,655	3,690	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	580,635	281,715	298,925	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	160,145	65,550	94,595	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	420,490	216,165	204,325	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	72.4	76.7	68.4	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	49,395	25,890	23,505	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	31,130	13,735	17,390	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	56,280	25,265	31,020	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	48,445	22,110	26,335	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	51,405	24,205	27,205	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	47,860	23,155	24,705	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	36,660	19,885	16,770	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	28,565	16,440	12,125	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	23,550	13,585	9,965	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	47,210	31,895	15,310	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	14,505	9,070	5,435	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	8,675	5,765	2,910	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	24,030	17,065	6,970	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	324,430	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,447	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	54,395	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	119,135	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,650	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,418	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	205,295	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,649	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,255	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	324,515	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,962	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,466	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	119,150	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,931	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,924	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	205,365	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	102,027	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,186	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	324,430	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	2,680	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,965	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	9,975	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	14,535	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,005	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,880	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15,805	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,885	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,700	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,700	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	29,000	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,430	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,845	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,795	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,670	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	86,555	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	32,690	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20,945	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	19,730	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	13,185	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	324,430	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	2,925	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,050	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10,105	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15,320	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	17,225	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,825	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,180	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	21,180	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	19,885	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,525	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,105	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	28,410	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	24,070	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,985	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,570	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	55,075	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	27,325	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	13,290	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	14,460	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	194,975	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,099	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,232	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	89,465	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,657	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,883	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	72,795	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,438	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,846	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	28,670	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,726	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,145	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	195,000	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	103,718	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,318	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	89,475	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,774	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,962	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	72,815	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	134,656	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,295	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	28,615	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	69,394	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,415	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	145,180	67,635	77,545	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,249	34,978	31,881	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,685	30,689	28,803	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	145,065	67,340	77,725	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,458	41,708	37,509	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,107	34,405	31,982	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	685,040	334,855	350,180	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	340,695	160,680	180,010	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	48,100	23,630	24,475	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	60,295	26,150	34,150	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	69,980	32,740	37,240	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	80,005	38,205	41,800	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	82,310	39,960	42,350	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	344,345	174,175	170,170	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	84,270	41,880	42,395	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	83,600	42,375	41,225	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	73,450	37,180	36,270	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	58,615	29,870	28,745	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	44,415	22,875	21,540	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	682,920	333,805	349,115	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	123,050	62,660	60,390	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	42,595	21,780	20,815	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	436,240	216,020	220,220	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	123,630	55,125	68,505	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	74,180	33,435	40,745	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	11,150	5,680	5,470	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	3,770	1,945	1,830	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	45,185	22,150	23,035	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	17,855	5,610	12,245	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	10.0	11.7	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.9	8.9	8.8	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	10.3	10.5	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	14.4	10.2	17.9	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	61,915	28,945	32,970	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	7,885	4,015	3,875	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	2,675	1,370	1,305	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	41,905	21,315	20,585	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	12,125	3,615	8,510	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.1	8.7	9.4	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	6.4	6.4	6.4	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	6.3	6.3	6.3	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.9	9.3	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	9.8	6.6	12.4	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	685,330	334,995	350,335	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	683,360	334,110	349,250	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	274,875	150,170	124,710	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	681,925	333,385	348,545	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	63,695	29,965	33,730	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	760	335	425	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	655	295	355	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	625	285	345	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	50	10	40	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	555	250	300	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	25	0	15
Naskapi	30	15	20	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	90	20	70
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	45	25	25
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	15	10	955	425	530
Algonquin	20	10	10	10	10	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	15	10
Dene	0	0	0	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10	0	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	10	10	0	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	45	15	30	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	45	15	30	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	35	15	25	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	25	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	145	75	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	0	0	0	530	285	245
Stoney	0	0	0	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	10	10	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	62,960	29,640	33,315	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,640	4,705	3,935	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	975	520	460	540	335	205
Kabyle	500	260	240	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	480	265	215	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	55	20	35	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	0	0	0	370	235	135
Oromo	0	0	0	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	55	20	35	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	40
Semitic languages	8,110	4,445	3,665	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	10	0	0	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	8,050	4,405	3,650	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	70	75
Harari	0	0	0	340	150	185
Hebrew	55	40	15	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	0	0	0	145	85	55
Tigrigna	10	0	10	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,600	755	835	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	570	285	290	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	1,050	480	565	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	395	165	230	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	0	0	0	330	150	180
Cebuano	30	0	20	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	0	0	0	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	0	0	0	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	190	80	105	80	40	40
Malay	65	30	30	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	0	0	0	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	35	75	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	1,300	630	670	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	120	65	55	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	1,055	495	560	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	130	70	55	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	0	0	0	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	0	0	0	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	0	0	0	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	15	10	0	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	43,890	19,835	24,055	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	290	165	125	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	25	20	10	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	3,235	1,595	1,630	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	10	15	0	1,360	660	705
Latvian	10	10	0	590	300	290
Lithuanian	0	10	0	775	360	415
Slavic languages	3,220	1,590	1,630	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	10	10	10	200	95	105
Bosnian	645	350	295	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	150	70	75	1,795	945	850
Croatian	165	75	85	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	65	40	25	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	15	15	0	535	270	265
Polish	445	215	240	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	1,250	595	655	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	180	100	85	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	375	160	210	1,095	550	540
Slovak	60	40	25	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	735	360	375
Ukrainian	200	95	105	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	120	130
Celtic languages	10	10	10	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	440	215	225
Welsh	0	0	0	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	220	225
Germanic languages	3,830	1,990	1,835	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	25	20	0	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	45	20	25	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	280	170	115	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	0	0	0	475	275	205
German	3,375	1,735	1,640	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	10	0	0	160	70	95
Norwegian	20	10	0	1,450	635	810
Swedish	110	65	50	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	15	380	170	215
Yiddish	0	0	0	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	250	135	115	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	1,945	935	1,010	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	1,100	560	545	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	105	60	45	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	25	10	15	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	205	120	85	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	0	0	0	125	80	45
Konkani	0	0	0	625	300	320
Marathi	0	0	10	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	810	390	425	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	0	0	0	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	55	35	20	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	675	320	355	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	60	30	30	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	0	0	0	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	635	300	330	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	80	125	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	36,280	15,945	20,330	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	75	40	35	170	95	80
Italian	2,990	1,345	1,650	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	2,795	1,395	1,400	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	1,030	480	560	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	30,970	13,395	17,580	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	250	130	125
Japanese	540	305	240	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	0	0	10	225	130	100
Georgian	10	0	0	230	130	100
Korean	45	15	30	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	800	375	430
Mongolian	0	0	0	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	4,685	2,535	2,155	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	170	95	75	60	30	30
Edo	10	0	0	620	325	290
Ewe	75	50	25	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	250	145	105	300	165	135
Ga	0	0	0	345	190	155
Ganda	10	10	0	610	305	305
Igbo	10	10	0	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	495	275	225	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	670	345	325	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	405	200	205	1,155	605	550
Shona	0	0	0	1,810	850	960
Swahili	1,020	570	450	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	640	395	250	600	365	235
Yoruba	20	10	10	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,700	885	815	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	165	60	95	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	0	0	0	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	160	65	95	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	650	215	435	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	20	0	15	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	420	140	280	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	250	75	170	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,905	910	1,000	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	1,750	825	925	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	445	220	220	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	0	0	0	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	1,245	585	665	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	0	0	0	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	30	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	15	15	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	60	70	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	160	85	70	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	60	35	20	605	305	295
Karenic languages	105	55	50	805	415	390
Tibetan	0	10	0	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	260	115	140	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	120	60	60	1,520	730	795
Thai	160	75	90	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	125	65	65	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	25	10	15	630	325	300
Turkish	100	55	45	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	0	0	0	290	135	155
Uzbek	0	0	0	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	355	170	180
Uralic languages	220	105	115	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	0	0	0	185	85	105
Finnish	40	10	30	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	175	95	80	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	255	110	145	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	685,330	334,995	350,335	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	663,555	324,195	339,355	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	119,375	60,910	58,460	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	544,180	263,285	280,900	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	21,775	10,800	10,980	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	685,335	334,995	350,335	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	637,685	311,015	326,675	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	42,365	21,310	21,050	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	5,030	2,795	2,235	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	3,155	1,630	1,530	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	6,065	2,840	3,230	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	15,055	7,580	7,475	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	5,920	3,030	2,885	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	9,135	4,545	4,590	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	13,055	6,470	6,590	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	5,285	2,670	2,610	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	42,365	21,310	21,055	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	5,855	2,540	3,320	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	6,075	3,105	2,970	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	6,625	3,280	3,340	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	21,680	11,315	10,365	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	2,130	1,065	1,060	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	42,365	21,310	21,050	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	9,475	4,460	5,015	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	890	425	465	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	2,735	1,295	1,440	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	385	180	205	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	10	0	10	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	1,105	510	590	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	20	15	0	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	860	440	420	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	445	185	260	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	20	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,065	480	585	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	1,955	930	1,025	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	13,780	7,305	6,470	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	880	440	445	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	65	15	50	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	7,255	4,035	3,215	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	660	260	395	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	75	45	30	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	70	40	25	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	420	265	155	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	45	25	25	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	275	115	155	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	475	245	235	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	680	340	340	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	250	120	130	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	55	40	20	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	240	115	125	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	240	150	90	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	2,085	1,060	1,025	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	12,750	6,935	5,810	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	1,915	1,065	850	1,340	715	625
Egypt	260	130	130	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	10	0	10	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	40	10	25	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	2,140	1,190	955	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	35	25	15	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	0	0	10	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	8,310	4,500	3,810	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	6,310	2,570	3,740	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	95	55	40	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	120	55	65	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,705	430	1,270	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	55	10	45	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	70	35	35	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	340	175	170	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	120	45	80	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	110	10	100	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	140	75	60	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	285	180	105	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	35	20	15	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	135	50	90	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	340	175	170	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	55	30	20	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	765	340	430	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	1,935	885	1,050	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	50	40	15	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	13,060	6,465	6,590	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	2,740	1,310	1,430	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	550	260	290	860	370	490
Colombia	910	430	480	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	195	105	90	465	215	255
Haiti	330	145	190	385	240	150
Jamaica	0	10	0	1,660	765	895
Mexico	255	130	125	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	95	55	40	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	100	55	50	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	300	130	170	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	3,000	1,605	1,400	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	2,155	1,165	995	425	240	180
Germany	45	25	20	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	110	45	70	715	365	350
Romania	60	25	30	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	20	0	10	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	85	40	45	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	45	40	10	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	475	260	220	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	5,485	2,760	2,725	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	515	245	270	255	115	135
Cameroon	805	375	430	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	280	155	125	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	750	385	370	420	210	210
Egypt	30	20	10	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	10	0	0	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	0	0	0	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	715	360	360	515	265	250
Nigeria	10	0	0	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	0	0	10	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	685	375	310	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	1,670	835	835	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	1,815	780	1,035	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	0	10	10	810	435	375
Bangladesh	10	10	10	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	190	80	115	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	15	0	15	750	305	450
India	25	10	15	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	175	80	95	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	85	30	55	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	0	0	0	480	250	230
Japan	25	0	25	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	0	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	40	15	25	1,470	755	710
Nepal	235	105	125	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	10	0	10	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	45	15	30	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	265	130	135	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	10	0	0	505	165	340
Turkey	10	10	0	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	810	430	375
Viet Nam	85	35	55	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	560	240	315	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	20	10	10	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	0	0	0	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	15	10	0	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	685,330	334,995	350,335	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	50,180	25,235	24,945	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	29,000	14,700	14,300	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	606,150	295,055	311,095	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	37,770	18,715	19,050	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	20,750	11,195	9,555	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	10,485	6,940	3,550	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	10,265	4,255	6,010	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	8,965	3,550	5,415	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	7,895	3,885	4,005	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	160	85	80	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	685,330	334,995	350,340	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	10,220	4,975	5,245	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	9,765	4,810	4,950	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	5,685	2,725	2,960	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	3,935	2,035	1,905	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	145	55	90	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	145	40	100	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	315	120	190	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	675,110	330,020	345,095	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	685,330	334,995	350,335	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	4,905	2,350	2,555	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	680,430	332,645	347,785	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	685,330	334,995	350,340	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	5,220	2,385	2,835	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	5,075	2,335	2,735	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,205	1,955	2,250	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	810	365	450	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	60	25	35	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	145	45	100	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	130	45	80	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	15	0	15	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	17,955	8,455	9,500	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	17,595	8,310	9,290	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15,245	7,105	8,135	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,230	1,135	1,095	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	125	65	60	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	355	150	205	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	140	195	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	662,160	324,155	338,005	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	685,330	334,995	350,335	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	37,230	18,620	18,615	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,480	770	710	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	2,745	935	1,805	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	13,695	7,175	6,520	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	245	125	120	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	7,430	3,520	3,915	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	6,860	3,865	2,995	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	2,735	1,270	1,465	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	665	305	360	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	230	130	100	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	245	80	160	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	345	180	160	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	565	260	305	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	648,100	316,375	331,725	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	685,330	334,995	350,335	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	23,170	10,840	12,330	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	19,935	9,260	10,675	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	225	100	125	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	3,510	1,680	1,835	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	498,455	241,710	256,745	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	3,135	1,415	1,720	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	2,630	1,225	1,400	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	482,240	233,600	248,635	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	60	35	25	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	35	10	20	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	190	115	70
Ontarian	60	25	30	110	65	45
Québécois	15,975	8,060	7,915	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	10	415	210	205
European origins	249,255	123,410	125,840	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	51,675	24,395	27,280	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	155	80	80	225	115	115
Cornish	0	0	0	210	90	115
English	9,925	4,890	5,030	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	34,660	16,185	18,470	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	0	0	0	945	450	495
Scottish	13,370	6,135	7,240	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	275	120	155	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	780	390	395	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	201,770	100,365	101,410	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	100	55	45	200	120	80
Breton	1,135	515	620	60	25	35
Corsican	100	35	65	125	65	70
French	200,890	99,960	100,930	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	15,580	7,660	7,915	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	405	235	170	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	0	0	0	110	60	55
Belgian	3,480	1,760	1,715	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	965	450	515	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	115	70	45	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	0	0	0	685	380	305
German	9,320	4,400	4,925	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	130	90	40	680	355	320
Swiss	2,015	1,065	955	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,350	670	680	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	220	130	85	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	100	45	60	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	20	15	0	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	510	255	260	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	310	130	175	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	260	120	135	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	6,385	3,070	3,320	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	215	110	110	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	45	15	30	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	250	135	115	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	40	30	15	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	10	10	0	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	675	315	360	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	20	15	0	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	120	75	50	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	200	85	115	1,585	790	790
Polish	1,995	965	1,030	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	1,320	635	685	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	1,135	525	615	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	185	85	100	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	1,010	455	560	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	10	0	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	16,955	8,440	8,515	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	275	165	115	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	860	460	400	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	40	25	15	85	55	25
Croatian	340	180	155	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	10	0	0	160	90	70
Greek	800	400	395	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	8,540	4,325	4,215	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	55	40	15	420	210	210
Macedonian	50	30	25	1,015	485	535
Maltese	55	25	35	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	15	0	10	290	185	105
Portuguese	2,625	1,250	1,375	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	375	200	175	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	55	20	35	330	160	170
Slovenian	55	35	20	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	4,235	2,055	2,180	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	155	70	85	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	15	245	120	125
Other European origins	1,110	590	520	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	305	170	140	425	210	215
Jewish	185	95	85	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	15	15	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	580	305	280	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	3,525	1,790	1,735	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	0	0	0	455	265	190
Bahamian	15	0	15	310	180	130
Barbadian	40	30	10	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	0	0	0	210	120	90
Carib	0	0	0	135	45	85
Cuban	480	260	225	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	365	170	195	930	530	395
Grenadian	0	0	0	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	110	45	65	0	0	0
Haitian	2,090	1,060	1,030	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	170	95	70	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	95	65	30
Martinican	105	30	75	10	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	25	20	10	460	225	240
St. Lucian	0	0	0	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	20	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	35	20	15	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	185	95	90	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	9,455	4,505	4,950	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	275	135	140	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	0	0	0	105	30	70
Argentinian	215	120	95	1,385	705	680
Belizean	0	0	0	445	250	190
Bolivian	110	40	70	590	305	285
Brazilian	870	420	450	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	790	415	385	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	3,400	1,645	1,755	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	25	10	10	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	110	60	55	890	405	485
Guatemalan	150	60	85	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	40	15	20	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	65	20	45	1,785	905	885
Honduran	145	60	80	760	405	355
Maya	45	20	25	580	310	275
Mexican	1,655	765	890	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	110	40	65	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	20	10	10	320	150	170
Paraguayan	40	10	35	340	155	190
Peruvian	755	340	415	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	560	285	270	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	60	25	40	315	180	135
Venezuelan	205	105	95	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	250	110	135	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	20,150	10,650	9,500	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	7,810	4,180	3,630	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	65	25	35	130	80	50
Angolan	10	0	10	295	155	140
Ashanti	0	0	0	130	70	55
Beninese	510	285	225	200	90	105
Burkinabe	250	150	95	100	50	50
Cameroonian	1,545	780	765	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	55	25	35	75	55	20
Congolese	1,640	920	720	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	0	0	0	555	320	235
Ewe	45	15	30	125	70	55
Gabonese	170	80	80	25	10	20
Gambian	0	10	0	110	60	50
Ghanaian	100	65	35	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	345	185	155	455	235	215
Ibo	10	10	10	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	1,140	585	550	655	355	295
Liberian	30	0	30	1,040	495	540
Malian	255	135	115	70	45	25
Malinké	25	15	10	95	55	45
Nigerian	100	50	50	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	120	75	45	105	70	35
Senegalese	905	510	400	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	740	395	345
Togolese	310	170	135	150	70	80
Wolof	75	45	25	70	45	25
Yoruba	10	0	0	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	745	360	390	1,865	985	875
North African origins	8,325	4,445	3,880	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	2,280	1,200	1,080	1,620	805	815
Berber	1,420	785	640	685	415	270
Coptic	10	0	0	225	115	110
Dinka	0	0	0	565	320	250
Egyptian	470	210	255	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	10	10	0	1,300	665	635
Maure	35	30	15	95	70	25
Moroccan	2,645	1,440	1,200	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	0	0	0	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	1,825	980	845	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	150	80	70	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	2,260	1,165	1,090	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	10	0	10	315	155	160
Amhara	0	0	0	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	95	70	25	700	395	310
Burundian	790	410	375	975	555	420
Djiboutian	15	15	0	170	90	75
Eritrean	30	15	15	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	0	0	10	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	0	0	0	165	85	80
Kenyan	10	10	0	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	315	130	185	125	55	70
Mauritian	100	45	50	550	310	235
Oromo	0	0	0	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	565	275	295	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	0	10	0	35	25	10
Somali	70	30	35	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	45	30	15	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	40	30	10	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	10	0	0	700	380	320
Ugandan	70	25	45	1,155	645	510
Zambian	0	0	10	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	0	0	0	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	205	120	85	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	2,090	1,050	1,040	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	145	75	70	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,015	1,010	1,005	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	14,010	6,700	7,310	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	5,330	2,825	2,500	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	145	70	75	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	2,200	1,225	970	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	215	125	85	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	10	0	0	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	615	280	335
Georgian	30	10	20	400	230	165
Hazara	0	0	0	365	190	170
Iranian	610	285	325	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	120	50	70	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	15	10	10	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	10	10	0	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	15	10	10	565	260	310
Kurd	50	30	25	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	200	110	90
Lebanese	1,120	575	545	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	125	70	55	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	0	0	0	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	10	10	10	390	205	180
Syrian	510	265	250	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	10	0	10	265	160	105
Tatar	30	20	15	530	215	315
Turk	255	125	130	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	0	0	0	105	55	50
Uighur	0	0	0	270	125	140
Uzbek	0	0	0	485	225	260
Yemeni	60	35	25	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	30	15	10	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	1,460	745	715	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	40	25	15	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	20	15	10	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	200	85	115	815	410	400
East Indian	670	360	315	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	0	0	0	495	265	225
Gujarati	0	0	0	855	445	410
Kashmiri	0	0	0	720	355	365
Nepali	440	205	235	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	90	65	25	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	10	0	10	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	0	0	0	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	10	10	0	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	0	0	0	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	10	0	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	7,310	3,170	4,135	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	260	115	140	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	785	390	395	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	3,570	1,295	2,275	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	280	145	140	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	55	20	35	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	445	185	260	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	95	55	45	740	390	345
Korean	265	150	110	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	290	140	155	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	0	0	0	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	15	0	15	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	0	0	0	370	180	190
Taiwanese	65	35	25	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	190	60	135	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	0	0	0	965	500	465
Vietnamese	1,785	945	840	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	10	10	10	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	0	10	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	155	90	65	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	60	35	25	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	20	15	10	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	75	40	25	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	10	10	0	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	0	0	0	425	190	235
Maori	0	0	0	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	40	20	20	205	105	95
Samoan	0	0	0	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	15	10	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	324,520	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	186,295	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	138,185	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	35	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	324,515	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	51,510	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	273,005	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	324,515	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	2,845	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	61,335	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	109,345	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	94,625	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	56,370	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	324,515	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	134,650	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	50,975	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	33,380	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	32,890	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	72,620	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	324,515	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	323,195	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,320	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	324,515	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	318,315	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	6,205	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	324,515	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	68,140	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	102,990	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	51,835	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	38,770	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	18,835	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	22,955	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	20,990	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	324,515	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	308,865	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	15,655	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	324,515	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	199,710	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	121,595	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,210	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	324,520	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,440	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	49,720	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	52,665	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	57,225	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	65,905	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	52,320	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	25,070	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	8,165	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	323,335	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	263,470	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	59,865	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	54,090	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	185,610	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.0	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.6	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,041	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,099	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	269,927	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,933	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	137,900	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.0	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	30.5	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	743	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	796	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	580,810	281,770	299,040	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	78,745	38,145	40,600	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	117,235	53,520	63,715	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	384,830	190,105	194,720	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	92,240	55,990	36,255	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	67,160	35,765	31,395	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	25,085	20,220	4,860	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	121,670	54,335	67,335	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,030	8,765	14,265	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	147,890	71,025	76,870	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	92,975	43,020	49,955	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,220	5,320	5,910	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,590	2,330	2,260	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	32,450	16,140	16,315	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	6,650	4,220	2,430	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	376,435	186,015	190,425	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	28,310	15,985	12,325	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	59,725	29,130	30,590	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	288,405	140,900	147,505	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	69,860	41,555	28,305	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	51,625	26,815	24,810	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,235	14,735	3,495	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	85,095	38,985	46,105	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,010	5,905	9,110	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	118,440	54,450	63,990	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	74,035	33,545	40,495	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,395	3,560	4,840	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,575	1,545	2,035	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	27,230	12,805	14,420	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,200	3,005	2,200	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	580,810	281,775	299,035	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	195,980	91,665	104,315	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	28,225	7,300	20,925	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	28,225	7,300	20,920	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15,310	6,910	8,400	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,935	2,015	920	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	12,375	4,895	7,480	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	23,630	10,355	13,280	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,020	765	2,260	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	475	170	310	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	12,070	5,640	6,430	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	170	95	75	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,110	750	365	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,180	670	510	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	2,025	1,170	855	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	3,575	1,105	2,470	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	38,650	14,050	24,600	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	195	50	145	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	5,370	1,795	3,580	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,120	720	6,405	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	8,180	3,300	4,885	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,200	215	980	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	5,100	1,290	3,805	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	11,485	6,685	4,800	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	91,710	36,300	55,405	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	60	20	40	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,145	1,550	4,595	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85,505	34,735	50,775	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,295	8,830	7,465	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,265	2,820	3,445	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,665	1,020	645	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	4,115	1,990	2,125	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	3,560	2,685	870	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	690	315	385	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,915	13,740	5,175	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	16,005	12,275	3,730	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	1,320	365	955	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,310	890	420	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	275	205	75	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	68,790	63,100	5,690	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	3,030	1,850	1,180	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	12,560	10,730	1,830	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	14,190	12,930	1,260	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	16,020	15,440	580	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,240	13,800	440	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	8,745	8,355	395	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,085	4,575	2,510	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,575	1,890	1,690	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,510	2,685	825	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	49,575	10,625	38,950	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,920	1,635	1,285	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	45,125	8,160	36,965	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,535	830	705	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	26,330	14,210	12,125	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	15,325	4,810	10,515	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	160	10	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	4,910	3,665	1,240	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,900	5,550	355	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	305	105	200	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	305	105	200	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	376,435	186,015	190,420	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	88,030	45,115	42,910	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	18,470	4,395	14,070	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	18,470	4,395	14,075	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	11,615	5,225	6,390	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,235	1,470	770	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	9,385	3,760	5,625	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	14,325	6,300	8,025	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,380	600	1,780	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	345	130	215	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,180	3,150	3,030	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	125	80	45	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	760	495	265	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	625	365	260	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	1,410	805	605	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	2,500	680	1,820	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,270	10,445	19,830	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170	40	125	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,605	1,570	3,035	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,780	565	5,210	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	6,270	2,200	4,070	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	870	150	715	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	3,805	905	2,895	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	8,775	5,005	3,770	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	72,045	27,385	44,660	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	15	35	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,770	1,080	3,685	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	67,230	26,285	40,940	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10,155	5,520	4,640	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,180	2,215	2,970	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	970	610	360	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	720	420	300	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	2,790	2,030	760	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	495	240	255	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	16,680	12,110	4,570	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	14,525	11,140	3,380	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	1,060	270	790	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	875	540	335	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	220	160	60	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	51,810	46,905	4,905	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	2,475	1,480	990	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	10,055	8,395	1,655	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,930	9,865	1,065	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	11,380	10,895	480	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10,365	10,010	355	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	6,605	6,250	350	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,770	3,585	2,185	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,910	1,480	1,420	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,865	2,105	755	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	36,540	7,975	28,560	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,405	1,325	1,075	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	32,955	6,115	26,835	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,180	535	645	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	20,445	10,955	9,485	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	11,885	3,700	8,185	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	105	10	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	3,725	2,725	1,000	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,700	4,405	295	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	270	90	180	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	275	95	180	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	580,810	281,775	299,040	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	195,980	91,665	104,315	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	384,830	190,105	194,725	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	366,415	180,155	186,260	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	359,720	176,240	183,485	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	6,695	3,910	2,780	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	18,415	9,955	8,465	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,545	1,010	530	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	70	15	60	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	70	50	20	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	355	245	105	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	380	180	205	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	6,055	3,460	2,590	2,150	1,275	875
Other	9,945	5,000	4,945	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	376,435	186,015	190,425	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	88,030	45,115	42,910	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	288,405	140,900	147,510	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	272,905	132,840	140,065	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	268,125	130,090	138,035	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	4,780	2,745	2,035	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	15,505	8,060	7,440	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	865	525	345	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	70	15	55	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	50	30	15	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	255	180	80	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	330	145	190	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	5,015	2,785	2,230	1,870	1,105	765
Other	8,905	4,375	4,530	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	580,810	281,770	299,040	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	384,115	197,225	186,895	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	366,060	186,545	179,515	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	18,055	10,680	7,375	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	196,695	84,545	112,150	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	66.1	70.0	62.5	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	63.0	66.2	60.0	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	4.7	5.4	3.9	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	580,810	281,770	299,040	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	180,215	75,850	104,365	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	400,595	205,920	194,675	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	199,085	106,670	92,415	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	201,510	99,250	102,255	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.6	43.7	43.5	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	384,115	197,220	186,890	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,615	2,860	2,755	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	378,495	194,365	184,135	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	343,460	173,645	169,810	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	35,040	20,720	14,325	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	384,115	197,225	186,890	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,620	2,860	2,760	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	378,500	194,365	184,135	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	34,515	21,680	12,835	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	70,040	23,170	46,870	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35,650	27,505	8,145	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	31,375	6,845	24,530	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	50,155	17,550	32,610	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	12,220	5,885	6,335	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	93,545	45,465	48,085	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	38,825	36,760	2,065	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,275	1,955	320	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	9,900	7,555	2,345	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	384,115	197,220	186,890	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,615	2,860	2,760	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	378,495	194,365	184,135	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,955	1,320	640	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	655	560	95	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	1,685	1,300	385	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	18,235	16,100	2,135	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	27,055	20,275	6,780	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	11,625	8,570	3,055	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	45,740	22,225	23,515	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,840	10,315	2,525	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	6,995	4,470	2,520	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	22,450	9,140	13,310	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,690	3,475	2,210	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,520	16,950	11,570	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	180	60	115	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,595	10,145	5,450	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	28,440	9,830	18,610	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	51,820	11,415	40,405	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	7,050	3,540	3,505	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	29,565	14,245	15,320	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,325	7,280	9,040	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	46,085	23,135	22,945	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	366,060	186,545	179,515	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	19,605	9,800	9,810	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	655	420	230	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	27,895	20,715	7,180	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	317,905	155,610	162,290	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	317,905	155,610	162,295	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	242,590	114,410	128,180	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	18,525	9,380	9,140	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	56,235	31,400	24,835	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	550	410	140	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	345,800	176,325	169,475	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	257,935	137,105	120,830	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	13,570	4,595	8,970	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	42,625	18,065	24,565	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	23,640	11,230	12,405	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	5,010	3,565	1,445	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	3,020	1,765	1,255	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	345,800	176,325	169,475	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	95,060	46,390	48,675	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	152,660	79,950	72,710	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	66,795	34,185	32,605	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	19,715	9,440	10,275	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	11,570	6,360	5,210	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	345,800	176,325	169,475	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	12,490	9,245	3,245	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	61,275	38,835	22,440	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	124,545	58,000	66,545	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	71,610	31,830	39,780	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	29,600	12,885	16,715	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	46,275	25,530	20,750	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	409,075	209,990	199,090	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	398,190	203,720	194,470	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	397,645	203,490	194,155	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	8,240	4,945	3,295	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	389,410	198,545	190,865	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	540	230	315	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	40	15	25	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	35	10	25	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	15	20	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	35	15	25	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	500	220	285	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	840	530	305
Amharic	0	0	0	85	50	35
Arabic	15	10	0	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	15	10	0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	295	120	175	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	0	0	10	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	10	10	15	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	0	0	0	220	135	85
Russian	20	0	15	275	120	160
Serbian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	10	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	15	10	10	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	135	30
Greek	0	0	0	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	20	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	25	0	20	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	10	0	10	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	15	60
Hindi	0	0	0	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	15	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	0	0	0	155	50	100
Iranian languages	0	10	0	200	130	70
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	90	125	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Portuguese	65	35	30	140	70	70
Romanian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Spanish	140	45	95	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	0	30	230	120	115
American Sign Language	0	0	0	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	20	0	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	45	20	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	70	45	20	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	25	20	0	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	40	30	15	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	45	30	20
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	125	60	65
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	15	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	10,890	6,265	4,625	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	10,010	5,880	4,130	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	70	30	40	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	455	175	275	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	355	180	175	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	409,080	209,985	199,095	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	324,885	160,670	164,215	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	75,155	44,375	30,785	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	6,370	3,735	2,635	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	1,605	765	845	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	90	45	45	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	1,515	715	800	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	25	10	15	30	15	15
English and non-official language	960	405	550	215	105	110
French and non-official language	70	35	40	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	678,700	331,600	347,095	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	596,830	291,165	305,665	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	81,870	40,435	41,435	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	59,535	29,635	29,900	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	22,335	10,800	11,535	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	18,380	8,910	9,470	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	17,395	8,370	9,030	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	980	540	445	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	3,955	1,890	2,065	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	649,980	317,150	332,835	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	410,820	199,510	211,310	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	239,165	117,640	121,530	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	165,010	81,465	83,540	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	74,160	36,170	37,985	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	59,110	28,805	30,305	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	56,015	27,170	28,840	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	3,095	1,630	1,460	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	15,045	7,365	7,685	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 28, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Québec [Population centre], Quebec and Alberta [Province]