Census Profile, 2016 Census
Stratford [Population centre], Ontario and Lakeshore, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Stratford Ontario [Population centre]			Lakeshore, T Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Stratford [Population centre], Ontario Map : Stratford [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Lakeshore, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	31,053	...	...	36,611	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	30,516 ^r	...	...	34,546	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	1.8	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	14,125	...	...	13,900	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	13,671	...	...	13,185	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,388.0	...	...	69.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	22.37	...	...	530.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	31,055	14,920	16,135	36,615	18,405	18,205
0 to 14 years	4,635	2,420	2,210	6,985	3,620	3,365
0 to 4 years	1,400	690	710	1,880	955	920
5 to 9 years	1,595	875	720	2,435	1,265	1,170
10 to 14 years	1,640	860	785	2,665	1,405	1,270
15 to 64 years	20,000	9,765	10,235	24,220	12,125	12,095
15 to 19 years	1,785	920	865	2,575	1,330	1,245
20 to 24 years	1,795	910	885	2,075	1,105	965
25 to 29 years	1,735	865	870	1,545	785	760
30 to 34 years	1,795	865	930	1,795	830	965
35 to 39 years	1,785	865	920	2,290	1,115	1,170
40 to 44 years	1,885	935	950	2,755	1,335	1,420
45 to 49 years	1,935	925	1,015	2,825	1,395	1,425
50 to 54 years	2,380	1,140	1,240	3,120	1,580	1,540
55 to 59 years	2,490	1,210	1,280	2,825	1,445	1,380
60 to 64 years	2,405	1,115	1,290	2,415	1,200	1,215
65 years and over	6,425	2,735	3,690	5,410	2,655	2,755
65 to 69 years	1,995	900	1,090	2,090	1,065	1,020
70 to 74 years	1,465	675	795	1,410	715	695
75 to 79 years	1,100	480	615	865	435	430
80 to 84 years	870	355	510	565	255	310
85 years and over	995	320	680	475	175	300
85 to 89 years	615	205	410	310	140	165
90 to 94 years	310	100	205	135	25	105
95 to 99 years	70	10	60	35	10	20
100 years and over	5	0	5	10	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	16.2	13.7	19.1	19.7	18.5
15 to 64 years	64.4	65.4	63.4	66.1	65.9	66.4
65 years and over	20.7	18.3	22.9	14.8	14.4	15.1
85 years and over	3.2	2.1	4.2	1.3	1.0	1.6
Average age of the population	43.7	42.1	45.2	39.9	39.5	40.4
Median age of the population	45.3	43.2	47.2	41.9	41.5	42.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	13,675	...	...	13,185	...	...
Single-detached house	7,385	...	...	12,130	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	595	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	5,695	...	...	800	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,495	...	...	200	...	...
Row house	840	...	...	310	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	680	...	...	60	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,645	...	...	220	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	255	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
1 person	4,590	...	...	2,310	...	...
2 persons	4,900	...	...	4,680	...	...
3 persons	1,905	...	...	2,160	...	...
4 persons	1,535	...	...	2,590	...	...
5 or more persons	740	...	...	1,450	...	...
Number of persons in private households	30,215	...	...	36,365	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	26,420	12,500	13,925	29,625	14,780	14,845
Married or living common law	14,710	7,370	7,340	19,660	9,810	9,845
Married	12,010	6,015	6,000	17,505	8,740	8,765
Living common law	2,700	1,355	1,345	2,155	1,075	1,080
Not married and not living common law	11,710	5,130	6,580	9,965	4,970	5,000
Never married	6,820	3,640	3,185	6,730	3,745	2,985
Separated	1,030	440	590	660	305	355
Divorced	1,975	695	1,285	1,270	620	650
Widowed	1,885	360	1,525	1,305	300	1,005
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	8,750	...	...	10,935	...	...
2 persons	4,880	...	...	4,965	...	...
3 persons	1,800	...	...	2,170	...	...
4 persons	1,495	...	...	2,600	...	...
5 or more persons	575	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	8,750	...	...	10,935	...	...
Total couple families	7,190	...	...	9,735	...	...
Married couples	5,845	...	...	8,660	...	...
Common-law couples	1,350	...	...	1,075	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,560	...	...	1,200	...	...
Female parent	1,225	...	...	885	...	...
Male parent	340	...	...	315	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	7,190	...	...	9,735	...	...
Couples without children	3,960	...	...	4,315	...	...
Couples with children	3,230	...	...	5,425	...	...
1 child	1,325	...	...	1,765	...	...
2 children	1,355	...	...	2,485	...	...
3 or more children	550	...	...	1,170	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,560	...	...	1,200	...	...
1 child	915	...	...	650	...	...
2 children	480	...	...	395	...	...
3 or more children	170	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,025	2,690	3,330	3,135	1,590	1,550
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
One-census-family households	8,530	...	...	10,470	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,880	...	...	4,110	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	4,655	...	...	6,360	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	105	...	...	230	...	...
Non-census-family households	5,035	...	...	2,490	...	...
One-person households	4,590	...	...	2,310	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	445	...	...	185	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	30,505	14,735	15,770	36,375	18,330	18,045
English only	28,520	13,965	14,555	29,830	15,290	14,540
French only	5	0	0	35	15	15
English and French	1,855	720	1,135	6,355	2,965	3,390
Neither English nor French	130	55	75	155	55	100
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	30,505	14,740	15,770	36,380	18,330	18,050
English	30,160	14,590	15,570	33,950	17,150	16,800
French	195	85	105	2,165	1,070	1,095
English and French	35	20	15	110	60	55
Neither English nor French	115	45	75	150	55	95
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	215	95	115	2,220	1,100	1,120
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.7	0.6	0.7	6.1	6.0	6.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	30,505	14,740	15,770	36,375	18,325	18,045
Single responses	30,265	14,630	15,635	35,750	18,030	17,720
Official languages	28,200	13,675	14,525	32,030	16,190	15,840
English	27,995	13,580	14,415	29,715	15,045	14,670
French	205	90	105	2,315	1,145	1,165
Non-official languages	2,070	955	1,110	3,720	1,835	1,880
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,065	960	1,115	3,720	1,840	1,880
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	40	35	315	155	160
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	35	35	310	150	160
Amharic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	55	30	25	245	125	125
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	10	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	45	15	25
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	5	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	10	5
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	85	35	50
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Vietnamese	15	5	10	80	35	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	25	50	65	25	40
Bikol	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	5	0	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	20	40	60	20	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	10	5	5
Tamil	10	0	5	5	0	5
Telugu	10	5	5	5	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,440	665	775	2,875	1,435	1,445
Albanian	5	0	5	35	15	20
Armenian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	195	85	110	955	465	495
Baltic languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Latvian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	5	5	5
Slavic languages	185	80	110	945	460	485
Belarusan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	5	5	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Croatian	15	5	10	135	65	70
Czech	5	0	0	15	10	15
Macedonian	5	0	0	195	105	90
Polish	85	35	55	220	100	125
Russian	30	15	15	35	15	20
Serbian	10	5	10	225	115	110
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	5	60	35	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	5	5	0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	30	15	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	560	255	305	470	230	240
Afrikaans	0	5	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	5	10	5	5	0
Dutch	220	100	125	50	30	25
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0
German	300	135	165	405	190	210
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swedish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	10	0	10
Yiddish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	65	30	35	50	30	20
Indo-Iranian languages	235	120	120	445	225	225
Indo-Aryan languages	215	110	105	410	205	200
Bengali	10	5	0	5	0	0
Gujarati	75	40	35	35	15	20
Hindi	30	10	20	30	15	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nepali	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	45	35	265	140	125
Sindhi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	65	30	35
Iranian languages	20	10	10	35	10	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	10	30	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	370	165	205	890	460	425
Catalan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	145	70	75	535	285	255
Portuguese	45	20	25	80	40	30
Romanian	15	5	10	170	85	85
Spanish	160	75	85	105	50	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	40	15	25	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	20	25	20	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	5	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0	5	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	0	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	0	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	55	70	145	80	70
Chinese languages	125	55	75	145	80	70
Cantonese	45	20	25	65	35	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mandarin	70	35	40	55	30	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	5	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	25	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	60	65	30	15	20
Lao	95	45	50	25	15	15
Thai	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	40	20	25
Azerbaijani	0	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	5	40	20	20
Uyghur	0	0	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	60	30	30	85	40	45
Estonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5	10	0	0
Hungarian	45	20	25	80	35	45
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	240	105	130	630	300	325
English and French	45	15	30	340	155	180
English and non-official language	180	90	90	265	135	130
French and non-official language	10	5	5	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	5	15	5	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	30,505	14,735	15,770	36,375	18,330	18,050
Single responses	30,115	14,550	15,565	35,665	18,000	17,670
Official languages	29,435	14,225	15,210	34,310	17,335	16,975
English	29,395	14,205	15,190	33,645	17,030	16,615
French	45	20	20	660	305	355
Non-official languages	680	320	355	1,355	660	695
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	680	325	360	1,355	660	695
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	130	70	55
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	15	20	130	70	55
Amharic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	30	15	15	90	50	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	25	15	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	5	0
Austronesian languages	30	15	20	25	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	25	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	5	5	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	0	0
Telugu	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Indo-European languages	345	155	190	1,000	480	520
Albanian	5	0	5	10	5	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20	330	165	165
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavic languages	35	20	15	330	165	165
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Czech	5	5	0	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	85	40	45
Polish	25	10	10	100	50	50
Russian	5	5	0	15	10	10
Serbian	5	0	0	80	40	35
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	20	20	135	60	80
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	30	10	15	125	55	75
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Greek	30	10	15	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	125	60	65	300	150	150
Indo-Aryan languages	110	55	60	280	145	140
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gujarati	45	20	20	10	10	10
Hindi	5	5	0	20	5	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	25	195	105	90
Sindhi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	50	25	25
Iranian languages	15	5	10	10	5	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	10	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	110	40	70	215	95	115
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	35	10	20	85	35	50
Portuguese	15	0	10	5	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	90	45	45
Spanish	60	25	30	30	10	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	15	15	10	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	0	5	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	5	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	35	45	75	35	35
Chinese languages	85	35	45	75	35	35
Cantonese	30	15	15	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	25	25	30	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	5	20	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	45	45	20	10	10
Lao	70	40	35	15	10	10
Thai	20	10	10	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	20	5	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	20	5	10
Estonian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5	20	5	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	385	185	200	710	330	380
English and French	20	5	10	130	55	70
English and non-official language	365	180	185	560	265	295
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	20	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	30,505	14,735	15,770	36,380	18,325	18,050
None	29,230	14,145	15,085	32,225	16,340	15,885
English	310	160	145	990	500	490
French	230	95	135	1,680	770	905
Non-official language	690	325	365	1,430	705	725
Aboriginal	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	685	320	365	1,430	700	725
English and French	0	0	5	5	5	5
English and non-official language	5	0	5	20	5	15
French and non-official language	25	5	20	35	10	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	25,625	12,245	13,385	29,380	14,700	14,680
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	25,020	11,955	13,070	28,065	14,130	13,935
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,255	41,603	30,406	42,817	52,424	33,543
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	25,030	11,960	13,070	28,085	14,125	13,955
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,869	36,837	27,861	37,884	45,480	30,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	23,160	11,190	11,970	26,365	13,540	12,825
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,162	40,225	26,117	39,958	49,559	30,394
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	17,890	7,725	10,170	19,480	8,825	10,650
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,952	7,237	4,603	4,038	4,997
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	18,860	9,510	9,350	22,730	12,250	10,480
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,134	40,443	27,618	37,516	45,911	31,140
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	25,640	12,255	13,385	29,380	14,670	14,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,075	12,010	13,065	28,050	14,085	13,960
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,162	49,198	37,612	56,292	69,727	42,735
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,080	12,010	13,065	28,085	14,090	13,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,795	41,313	32,643	45,891	55,643	36,073
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	23,140	11,245	11,895	26,435	13,555	12,880
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,443	47,307	33,956	54,276	67,636	40,219
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	17,970	7,805	10,170	19,600	8,870	10,735
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,154	7,576	8,598	7,357	7,408	7,315
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	18,855	9,550	9,300	22,735	12,185	10,545
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,317	45,028	33,454	51,284	61,547	39,423
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	25,640	12,255	13,385	29,380	14,670	14,715
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	9,375	5,235	4,145	11,110	6,555	4,560
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	49,022	53,927	44,754	62,399	70,723	51,709
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,904	59,402	49,224	75,406	87,578	57,920
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.6	90.1	82.3	90.9	93.5	86.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	69.0	73.1	64.0	73.5	76.4	69.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.4	10.0	17.7	9.1	6.5	13.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	25,625	12,240	13,385	29,380	14,700	14,680
Without total income	600	285	320	1,320	570	745
With total income	25,020	11,955	13,070	28,065	14,125	13,935
Percentage with total income	97.6	97.7	97.6	95.5	96.1	94.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,730	1,170	1,560	3,470	1,350	2,115
$10,000 to $19,999	4,205	1,610	2,595	3,565	1,235	2,330
$20,000 to $29,999	3,790	1,500	2,295	3,095	1,185	1,910
$30,000 to $39,999	3,270	1,465	1,810	2,885	1,260	1,620
$40,000 to $49,999	3,075	1,470	1,605	3,200	1,665	1,535
$50,000 to $59,999	2,445	1,350	1,090	2,445	1,300	1,140
$60,000 to $69,999	1,550	920	625	1,900	1,125	775
$70,000 to $79,999	1,100	690	415	1,650	1,030	615
$80,000 to $89,999	740	445	290	1,350	850	505
$90,000 to $99,999	725	390	335	1,225	695	525
$100,000 and over	1,390	950	445	3,280	2,425	860
$100,000 to $149,999	980	665	315	2,220	1,585	630
$150,000 and over	415	280	130	1,065	835	230
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	25,625	12,240	13,380	29,380	14,700	14,680
Without after-tax income	600	285	310	1,295	570	725
With after-tax income	25,025	11,960	13,075	28,085	14,125	13,960
Percentage with after-tax income	97.7	97.7	97.7	95.6	96.1	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,850	1,195	1,655	3,600	1,370	2,235
$10,000 to $19,999	4,410	1,705	2,710	3,775	1,305	2,475
$20,000 to $29,999	4,500	1,810	2,690	3,630	1,425	2,210
$30,000 to $39,999	3,955	1,875	2,080	3,850	1,875	1,975
$40,000 to $49,999	3,525	1,845	1,675	3,515	1,865	1,655
$50,000 to $59,999	2,065	1,225	845	2,630	1,570	1,060
$60,000 to $69,999	1,310	805	505	2,100	1,355	745
$70,000 to $79,999	945	535	410	1,715	1,020	700
$80,000 and over	1,450	960	490	3,255	2,350	905
$80,000 to $89,999	505	310	195	1,025	690	335
$90,000 to $99,999	300	205	100	595	420	170
$100,000 and over	645	450	200	1,640	1,245	400
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	25,625	12,245	13,385	29,380	14,700	14,680
Without employment income	6,765	2,735	4,030	6,650	2,450	4,200
With employment income	18,865	9,510	9,355	22,730	12,255	10,480
Percentage with employment income	73.6	77.7	69.9	77.4	83.4	71.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,620	1,235	1,385	3,915	2,330	1,585
$5,000 to $9,999	1,605	640	965	1,525	640	885
$10,000 to $19,999	2,385	1,005	1,385	2,560	1,050	1,510
$20,000 to $29,999	2,120	900	1,220	1,935	810	1,125
$30,000 to $39,999	2,130	925	1,205	1,910	795	1,120
$40,000 to $49,999	2,200	1,130	1,065	1,900	805	1,095
$50,000 to $59,999	1,790	1,085	705	1,550	810	735
$60,000 to $69,999	1,090	700	390	1,355	815	540
$70,000 to $79,999	775	520	255	1,315	840	475
$80,000 and over	2,140	1,370	775	4,770	3,360	1,415
$80,000 to $89,999	595	345	250	1,050	675	375
$90,000 to $99,999	585	315	270	1,105	615	490
$100,000 and over	965	710	250	2,610	2,060	545
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	64,467	...	...	97,064	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,969	...	...	82,599	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	4,595	...	...	2,305	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,513	...	...	42,996	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,219	...	...	37,591	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	9,080	...	...	10,875	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,615	...	...	110,732	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,183	...	...	94,018	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,176	...	...	119,754	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,509	...	...	97,747	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,595	...	...	2,305	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,327	...	...	59,980	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,739	...	...	47,475	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	9,080	...	...	10,880	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	98,323	...	...	132,416	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,580	...	...	108,395	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	110	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	70	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	150	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	520	...	...	200	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	640	...	...	270	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	605	...	...	290	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	620	...	...	310	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	650	...	...	355	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	650	...	...	420	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	665	...	...	430	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,265	...	...	925	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,105	...	...	865	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	975	...	...	850	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	840	...	...	815	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	765	...	...	755	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,650	...	...	6,375	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,390	...	...	1,740	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	890	...	...	1,370	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	820	...	...	1,800	...	...
$200,000 and over	555	...	...	1,465	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
Under $5,000	155	...	...	120	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	65	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	425	...	...	155	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	555	...	...	210	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	745	...	...	310	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	685	...	...	335	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	705	...	...	400	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	785	...	...	470	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	810	...	...	475	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	790	...	...	570	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,375	...	...	1,090	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,210	...	...	1,055	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,055	...	...	1,040	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	905	...	...	985	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	715	...	...	900	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,565	...	...	4,995	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,220	...	...	1,855	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	620	...	...	1,270	...	...
$150,000 and over	720	...	...	1,875	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	8,745	...	...	10,765	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,507	...	...	110,786	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,019	...	...	94,042	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,820	...	...	4,030	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,421	...	...	88,084	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,925	...	...	75,954	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,255	...	...	5,470	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,793	...	...	140,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	95,787	...	...	116,575	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,495	...	...	1,095	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,360	...	...	66,714	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,440	...	...	60,352	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	8,740	...	...	10,755	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,703	...	...	132,817	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,785	...	...	108,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,800	...	...	4,015	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,724	...	...	102,933	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,592	...	...	85,341	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,265	...	...	5,480	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	127,937	...	...	166,418	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	107,013	...	...	134,725	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,500	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,856	...	...	78,261	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,825	...	...	66,504	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,570	2,500	3,070	2,675	1,425	1,245
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,309	35,776	31,772	41,579	46,848	34,752
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,197	31,608	29,111	36,280	40,594	31,440
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,535	2,475	3,060	2,650	1,425	1,225
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,685	40,884	38,715	56,629	67,150	44,367
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,426	34,816	34,111	45,094	51,933	37,122
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	30,210	14,645	15,570	36,365	18,320	18,040
In the bottom half of the distribution	15,210	7,120	8,090	11,740	5,665	6,075
In the bottom decile	2,465	1,160	1,305	1,385	680	705
In the second decile	2,675	1,170	1,505	1,825	825	1,000
In the third decile	3,390	1,530	1,860	2,420	1,125	1,295
In the fourth decile	3,315	1,625	1,690	2,845	1,390	1,455
In the fifth decile	3,370	1,640	1,730	3,270	1,650	1,615
In the top half of the distribution	15,005	7,530	7,480	24,620	12,655	11,970
In the sixth decile	3,525	1,770	1,760	3,775	1,890	1,880
In the seventh decile	3,220	1,610	1,610	4,535	2,345	2,190
In the eighth decile	3,170	1,580	1,590	5,160	2,655	2,505
In the ninth decile	2,870	1,440	1,430	5,555	2,830	2,725
In the top decile	2,220	1,125	1,090	5,605	2,930	2,670
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	30,215	14,650	15,565	36,365	18,320	18,045
0 to 17 years	5,670	2,960	2,710	8,575	4,450	4,125
0 to 5 years	1,670	840	830	2,295	1,170	1,125
18 to 64 years	18,775	9,140	9,640	22,570	11,265	11,305
65 years and over	5,765	2,545	3,220	5,215	2,600	2,615
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,620	1,610	2,010	2,200	1,040	1,165
0 to 17 years	865	455	410	620	315	310
0 to 5 years	290	150	135	160	70	90
18 to 64 years	2,125	945	1,180	1,285	600	685
65 years and over	635	210	420	305	130	175
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.0	11.0	12.9	6.0	5.7	6.5
0 to 17 years (%)	15.3	15.4	15.1	7.2	7.1	7.5
0 to 5 years (%)	17.4	17.9	16.3	7.0	6.0	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.3	10.3	12.2	5.7	5.3	6.1
65 years and over (%)	11.0	8.3	13.0	5.8	5.0	6.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,945	935	1,010	900	450	460
0 to 17 years	425	220	205	220	110	110
0 to 5 years	150	80	70	50	20	30
18 to 64 years	1,415	680	735	620	310	310
65 years and over	105	35	70	60	30	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.4	6.4	6.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.4	7.6	2.6	2.5	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	9.0	9.5	8.4	2.2	1.7	2.7
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	7.4	7.6	2.7	2.8	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.4	2.2	1.2	1.2	1.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	30,190	14,635	15,555	36,365	18,320	18,040
Official languages	30,060	14,590	15,470	36,190	18,260	17,930
English	30,060	14,590	15,470	36,160	18,250	17,910
French	1,825	740	1,090	6,335	2,960	3,375
Non-official languages	2,985	1,395	1,595	4,625	2,285	2,340
Aboriginal languages	0	10	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,990	1,395	1,595	4,620	2,280	2,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	50	55	375	170	205
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	100	45	55	370	165	205
Amharic	15	10	0	0	0	0
Arabic	70	35	35	290	120	170
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	90	40	45
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	10	20	15	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	140	65	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Vietnamese	30	10	15	120	60	60
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	50	85	55	20	35
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0	10	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	10	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	35	60	45	10	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	15	20	55	35	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	10	30	10	15
Tamil	20	10	10	25	20	0
Telugu	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,175	1,000	1,175	3,600	1,800	1,795
Albanian	0	0	0	80	35	55
Armenian	0	0	0	45	20	20
Balto-Slavic languages	215	50	160	1,110	555	560
Baltic languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Latvian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavic languages	210	50	160	1,100	545	555
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Croatian	10	0	0	250	125	125
Czech	10	0	10	25	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	235	130	110
Polish	75	20	60	255	110	150
Russian	55	10	45	40	20	25
Serbian	30	10	20	260	140	125
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	15	0	20	60	20	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	10	10	0
Ukrainian	15	0	10	20	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Celtic languages	30	15	15	10	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	20	0	15	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Germanic languages	750	345	410	650	315	335
Afrikaans	15	0	15	20	0	10
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	270	105	165	85	30	55
Frisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
German	460	220	245	530	270	260
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	20	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	50	30	25
Greek	130	75	55	95	50	45
Indo-Iranian languages	320	185	135	440	240	200
Indo-Aryan languages	300	170	125	430	240	200
Bengali	20	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	85	50	40	25	10	10
Hindi	145	75	75	85	50	40
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	75	45	230	130	100
Sindhi	10	0	0	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	30	15	10	125	65	55
Iranian languages	20	15	0	10	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	805	370	435	1,245	645	600
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	220	110	110	680	360	325
Portuguese	110	50	65	115	75	45
Romanian	20	0	15	195	90	105
Spanish	470	210	255	290	150	140
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	100	60	45	15	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	15	25	30	15	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	30	15	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	15	40	20	25
American Sign Language	20	10	10	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	20	10	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	55	75	130	55	75
Chinese languages	125	55	70	130	60	70
Cantonese	60	25	35	50	30	20
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mandarin	70	30	40	40	15	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	10	0	40	15	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	160	85	75	35	20	20
Lao	130	65	60	25	10	10
Thai	50	25	25	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	70	35	35
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	70	30	35
Uyghur	15	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	35	40	125	60	65
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	10	0	10	0	10
Hungarian	65	30	35	115	60	55
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	30,190	14,635	15,555	36,365	18,325	18,045
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	29,395	14,280	15,115	35,625	18,075	17,550
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,465	2,860	2,605	8,515	4,435	4,085
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	23,935	11,425	12,510	27,105	13,640	13,465
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	795	355	440	740	245	500
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	30,190	14,635	15,555	36,365	18,320	18,040
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	26,695	13,040	13,650	32,370	16,435	15,935
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,410	1,545	1,860	3,905	1,845	2,055
Before 1981	2,005	935	1,065	1,740	900	840
1981 to 1990	395	180	210	510	185	320
1991 to 2000	355	145	205	785	380	400
2001 to 2010	370	165	205	670	300	375
2001 to 2005	200	90	115	400	180	220
2006 to 2010	165	75	90	270	120	155
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	285	115	160	200	85	115
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	90	45	40	90	40	55
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,410	1,550	1,860	3,900	1,845	2,055
Under 5 years	495	230	265	635	375	260
5 to 14 years	600	255	345	800	435	370
15 to 24 years	850	385	460	890	335	560
25 to 44 years	1,295	615	680	1,390	630	765
45 years and over	170	65	105	180	70	110
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,410	1,545	1,860	3,900	1,845	2,055
Americas	560	250	305	830	290	535
Brazil	10	0	10	15	10	10
Colombia	10	0	0	10	10	10
El Salvador	20	15	0	10	10	0
Guyana	15	10	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jamaica	45	25	15	10	0	0
Mexico	50	15	30	155	75	80
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	20	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	285	125	160	535	150	390
Other places of birth in Americas	110	45	65	70	35	35
Europe	1,945	880	1,065	1,975	1,010	965
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	45	25	20
Croatia	10	0	10	135	90	45
France	15	10	10	35	15	20
Germany	220	95	125	85	55	30
Greece	70	35	35	40	30	10
Hungary	15	0	10	25	20	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	65	35	30	20	15	10
Italy	90	35	55	200	120	80
Netherlands	235	110	125	60	35	25
Poland	60	15	40	165	70	95
Portugal	35	20	20	50	40	10
Romania	20	10	15	150	80	75
Russian Federation	20	0	15	20	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	15	20	100	50	50
Ukraine	15	0	10	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	925	455	470	465	200	265
Other places of birth in Europe	125	45	75	375	165	205
Africa	110	60	55	90	40	45
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kenya	10	0	10	0	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	15	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	25	15	15
Other places of birth in Africa	55	35	20	30	15	20
Asia	760	345	415	985	480	510
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	10	0	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	95	40	55	45	15	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	10	10	25	10	10
India	225	105	120	260	145	115
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	15	10	0	10	0	0
Iraq	10	10	0	75	30	45
Japan	40	10	30	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	10	15	20	10	10
Lebanon	10	0	10	120	50	65
Pakistan	20	15	0	75	35	35
Philippines	105	40	70	75	35	35
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	0	0	30	15	20
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Viet Nam	25	10	15	110	50	60
Other places of birth in Asia	145	75	65	130	50	75
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	10	20	25	20	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	280	115	165	200	85	115
Americas	70	35	40	110	50	60
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10	65	40	25
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30	20	15	35	10	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	0	0	0
Europe	20	15	10	15	10	10
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germany	0	10	0	10	0	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	10
Africa	25	10	15	10	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	10	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	155	55	100	70	30	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	10	10	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	50	20	30	35	20	15
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	10	0	10
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	10	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	10	10	10
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	40	10	30	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	15	15	0	10
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	30,190	14,635	15,555	36,365	18,320	18,040
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	3,640	1,670	1,975	4,230	2,015	2,215
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	5,025	2,475	2,550	6,540	3,265	3,270
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	21,520	10,485	11,035	25,595	13,035	12,555
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,455	630	825	2,270	1,010	1,260
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	545	255	290	900	460	440
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	285	170	115	340	240	100
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	255	85	175	560	225	335
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	650	235	420	945	315	625
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	240	135	105	405	220	180
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	10	10	20	10	15
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	30,190	14,635	15,555	36,365	18,320	18,045
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	525	270	260	1,030	530	500
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	520	260	255	995	515	480
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	355	195	160	255	130	120
Métis	165	60	105	745	380	360
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	0	15	0	15
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	29,660	14,365	15,295	35,330	17,790	17,540
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	30,190	14,635	15,555	36,360	18,320	18,040
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	150	75	80	185	105	80
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	30,035	14,560	15,475	36,180	18,215	17,965
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	30,190	14,635	15,555	36,365	18,320	18,040
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	70	25	45	75	40	40
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	65	25	45	80	40	40
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	50	20	30	45	25	25
Métis single ancestry	15	10	15	30	15	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	805	385	425	1,675	845	825
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	805	385	420	1,645	825	820
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	675	325	345	930	455	470
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	80	715	365	345
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	35	25	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	30	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	29,305	14,230	15,080	34,610	17,435	17,180
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	30,190	14,630	15,555	36,365	18,320	18,040
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,815	895	925	2,105	1,120	985
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	425	220	205	640	370	265
Chinese	170	65	100	160	85	70
Black	335	165	175	345	180	165
Filipino	130	50	80	160	85	75
Latin American	165	75	90	85	45	45
Arab	75	35	35	275	130	140
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	265	135	135	215	105	110
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	30	25	10	0	0	0
Korean	40	15	30	30	20	15
Japanese	125	70	50	20	10	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	40	20	10	65	30	40
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	15	10	0	105	55	50
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	28,375	13,740	14,635	34,260	17,205	17,060
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	30,190	14,635	15,555	36,365	18,320	18,045
North American Aboriginal origins	880	410	475	1,750	885	870
First Nations (North American Indian)	730	350	380	1,005	505	500
Inuit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	155	60	95	780	400	375
Other North American origins	9,215	4,425	4,790	13,555	6,815	6,740
Acadian	40	10	30	10	10	10
American	355	175	180	475	200	280
Canadian	8,930	4,290	4,640	13,280	6,710	6,570
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	10	0
Newfoundlander	40	20	25	15	10	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	10	0	10	15	10	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	24,530	11,855	12,675	28,100	14,080	14,020
British Isles origins	18,445	8,885	9,565	15,195	7,410	7,785
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	10,795	5,210	5,585	8,640	4,145	4,495
Irish	7,835	3,665	4,165	6,505	3,100	3,405
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	8,270	3,820	4,455	5,510	2,670	2,840
Welsh	740	400	335	355	215	140
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	960	495	470	515	255	260
French origins	3,045	1,350	1,695	12,765	6,290	6,475
Alsatian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	3,030	1,350	1,680	12,765	6,290	6,480
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,465	5,055	5,405	6,190	3,070	3,115
Austrian	165	65	100	105	50	50
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	225	135	90	515	275	240
Dutch	2,350	1,180	1,170	1,305	670	640
Flemish	30	25	10	0	0	10
Frisian	20	10	10	15	10	10
German	8,130	3,865	4,265	4,380	2,120	2,260
Luxembourger	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swiss	390	195	200	140	70	70
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	765	395	370	535	250	280
Danish	200	120	75	170	85	85
Finnish	105	55	50	125	50	75
Icelandic	45	25	25	20	10	10
Norwegian	220	90	125	125	75	50
Swedish	230	120	105	100	25	75
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	20	10	10	15	10	10
Eastern European origins	1,920	865	1,050	4,520	2,215	2,305
Bulgarian	0	10	0	15	10	10
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	65	10	55	225	95	130
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	15	10	10	90	40	50
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	260	80	180	730	415	320
Latvian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	10	65	45	20
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	850	415	435	1,510	755	755
Romanian	110	50	65	525	260	260
Russian	275	130	145	400	190	205
Slovak	45	20	30	385	165	225
Ukrainian	445	220	225	1,380	660	715
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	25	0	20
Southern European origins	1,945	950	1,000	5,470	2,825	2,645
Albanian	10	0	0	110	50	60
Bosnian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	55	15	40	450	230	225
Cypriot	20	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	190	110	80	285	130	160
Italian	1,030	520	510	3,230	1,670	1,565
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	10	365	190	170
Maltese	25	10	20	110	65	40
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	215	90	125	290	150	140
Serbian	45	15	30	445	250	195
Sicilian	45	20	20	15	0	10
Slovenian	50	15	30	75	20	55
Spanish	265	125	140	145	70	75
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	45	15	35	160	75	80
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	10	10	25	10	10
Other European origins	110	55	50	125	50	70
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	50	30	20	20	0	15
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	55	25	25	100	45	55
Caribbean origins	300	160	145	180	95	90
Antiguan	10	0	0	0	10	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	40	10	30	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	10	10	10
Dominican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Jamaican	190	115	75	65	40	25
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	20	15	50	20	35
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	10	0	0	20	0	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	370	170	205	305	140	165
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	45	25	15	10	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10	30	20	10
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	30	0	30	15	10	0
Chilean	0	0	0	25	10	20
Colombian	25	15	10	30	15	20
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	70	30	35	0	0	0
Guyanese	25	10	20	50	15	35
Hispanic	0	0	0	15	10	10
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexican	120	60	65	95	50	50
Nicaraguan	0	0	10	15	10	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	40	25	15	10	0	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	15	0	10
African origins	205	115	95	220	115	105
Central and West African origins	30	15	15	75	40	30
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	0	10	20	15	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	20	20	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	25	10	15
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	20	15	10	0	0	0
North African origins	35	20	15	15	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	35	20	10	10	10	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	100	45	55	40	25	15
Afrikaner	15	0	10	0	0	0
Amhara	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	10	0	10	10	10	10
Ethiopian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	10	10	0
South African	30	25	10	20	10	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	45	30	15	105	40	60
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10	10	0	30	15	15
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	40	30	15	70	25	40
Asian origins	1,350	645	705	2,310	1,245	1,065
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	160	80	80	1,005	520	485
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	45	10	30
Armenian	10	10	10	80	40	40
Assyrian	0	0	0	25	25	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	40	20	15	25	10	20
Iraqi	10	10	0	140	60	80
Israeli	0	0	0	15	0	15
Jordanian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	40	20	25	520	300	220
Palestinian	15	10	15	25	10	20
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	15	10	10	55	20	35
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	20	10	10	125	60	65
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	0	0	15	10	10
South Asian origins	430	230	200	645	370	275
Bangladeshi	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	360	185	175	585	330	255
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	20	15	10	100	60	40
Punjabi	45	25	15	30	25	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	15	0	10	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	15	0	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	750	330	420	680	360	315
Burmese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Chinese	245	105	140	265	145	115
Filipino	140	50	90	165	90	70
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	130	70	65	40	20	20
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	20	30	30	20	15
Laotian	160	75	85	50	30	15
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	40	20	20	20	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	25	25	175	90	85
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	30	20	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	30	20	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	90	45	45	50	45	10
Australian	70	35	40	15	10	0
New Zealander	20	15	10	10	10	10
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	25	20	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	25	20	10
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
Owner	9,085	...	...	11,985	...	...
Renter	4,585	...	...	1,200	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
Condominium	830	...	...	135	...	...
Not condominium	12,845	...	...	13,045	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	20	...	...
1 bedroom	1,780	...	...	345	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,550	...	...	2,035	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,915	...	...	5,940	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,410	...	...	4,845	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,110	...	...	950	...	...
5 rooms	1,955	...	...	1,370	...	...
6 rooms	2,380	...	...	1,950	...	...
7 rooms	2,255	...	...	2,150	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,980	...	...	6,765	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,595	...	...	13,125	...	...
More than 1 person per room	80	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
Suitable	13,320	...	...	12,880	...	...
Not suitable	355	...	...	305	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
1960 or before	5,470	...	...	2,910	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,905	...	...	3,090	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,240	...	...	1,130	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,285	...	...	2,290	...	...
2001 to 2005	715	...	...	1,720	...	...
2006 to 2010	585	...	...	1,105	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	465	...	...	945	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	12,860	...	...	12,365	...	...
Major repairs needed	810	...	...	825	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,360	...	...	6,725	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,155	...	...	6,360	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	160	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	13,670	...	...	13,185	...	...
15 to 24 years	425	...	...	85	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,710	...	...	1,200	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,025	...	...	2,585	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,520	...	...	3,260	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,030	...	...	2,920	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,205	...	...	2,005	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,210	...	...	860	...	...
85 years and over	540	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	13,640	...	...	12,850	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,545	...	...	11,190	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,100	...	...	1,655	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,795	...	...	1,455	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,075	...	...	11,675	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.0	...	...	62.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.8	...	...	10.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,048	...	...	1,197	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,161	...	...	1,295	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	278,677	...	...	296,386	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	313,111	...	...	331,453	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,585	...	...	1,195	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	18.4	...	...	5.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.2	...	...	32.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	873	...	...	844	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	885	...	...	889	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	25,640	12,260	13,385	29,380	14,670	14,715
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,995	2,480	2,515	4,625	2,480	2,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	8,125	3,955	4,170	8,910	4,410	4,500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,520	5,815	6,700	15,845	7,785	8,065
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,735	1,220	515	2,315	1,790	525
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	720	405	320	870	540	330
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,020	815	200	1,445	1,255	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,635	2,305	3,325	7,205	3,150	4,050
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	445	195	250	480	230	245
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,705	2,095	2,610	5,850	2,605	3,240
Bachelor's degree	3,185	1,390	1,795	3,985	1,685	2,305
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	335	110	225	545	220	330
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	115	70	240	140	100
Master's degree	850	390	455	980	525	455
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	150	85	65	95	45	50
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	16,300	7,850	8,450	19,480	9,625	9,855
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,905	1,070	835	1,500	850	645
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,180	2,645	2,535	5,505	2,790	2,715
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,215	4,135	5,080	12,475	5,985	6,495
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,115	790	325	1,610	1,285	320
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	435	240	195	580	380	205
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	675	550	130	1,030	910	120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,400	1,805	2,595	5,695	2,450	3,250
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	270	115	155	355	170	185
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,430	1,420	2,010	4,810	2,075	2,740
Bachelor's degree	2,395	1,015	1,375	3,285	1,335	1,945
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	255	80	175	440	165	275
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	60	55	205	120	85
Master's degree	570	210	360	810	420	390
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	95	50	45	70	25	45
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	25,640	12,255	13,385	29,380	14,670	14,715
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	13,125	6,440	6,685	13,535	6,885	6,650
Education	925	270	655	1,050	215	845
13. Education	925	270	655	1,055	215	845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	885	420	465	280	110	165
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	100	25	10	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	760	320	445	265	100	165
Humanities	890	370	520	630	265	365
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	60	25	35	50	10	45
23. English language and literature/letters	265	75	195	135	60	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	120	30	90	155	80	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	10	10	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	40	30	40	15	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	75	50	50	25	30
54. History	155	100	55	120	75	55
55. French language and literature/letters	70	20	50	65	10	60
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,500	415	1,085	1,730	550	1,185
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	50	110	145	90	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	385	25	365	385	20	370
22. Legal professions and studies	140	40	100	285	100	180
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	40	10	35	35	0	30
42. Psychology	290	90	200	345	70	270
45. Social sciences	465	210	260	530	260	270
Business, management and public administration	1,975	805	1,170	2,850	1,140	1,710
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	220	65	160	280	40	245
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,750	740	1,005	2,550	1,090	1,460
Physical and life sciences and technologies	310	140	170	475	200	280
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120	45	75	165	45	120
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	30	45	135	60	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	75	50	20	130	85	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	15	25	45	0	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	340	220	125	465	305	160
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	210	140	70	395	270	125
25. Library science	30	10	25	15	10	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	60	25	55	25	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,410	2,215	195	4,010	3,795	210
04. Architecture and related services	95	75	20	80	65	15
14. Engineering	330	265	65	580	515	60
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475	405	70	805	715	90
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	570	560	0	735	730	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	455	435	25	825	805	20
48. Precision production	490	475	15	985	965	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275	160	110	280	155	125
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	200	120	85	195	120	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	45	25	90	40	55
Health and related fields	2,110	345	1,770	2,920	545	2,375
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	150	70	80	175	100	75
51. Health professions and related programs	1,880	220	1,655	2,710	425	2,290
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	75	55	30	35	25	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	885	460	425	1,140	500	645
12. Personal and culinary services	510	135	380	610	90	520
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	270	225	40	375	265	105
49. Transportation and materials moving	95	95	0	145	130	20
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	16,300	7,850	8,450	19,480	9,625	9,850
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	7,085	3,720	3,370	7,005	3,645	3,360
Education	610	150	465	815	145	670
13. Education	615	155	460	820	150	670
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	695	305	390	200	50	145
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	70	20	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	605	235	370	195	45	150
Humanities	615	260	355	445	190	260
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	55	20	35	40	10	40
23. English language and literature/letters	170	55	120	90	40	55
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	20	55	125	65	60
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	0	15	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	35	25	20	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	50	35	20	15	10
54. History	95	60	35	95	55	45
55. French language and literature/letters	55	15	35	35	0	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,070	265	810	1,395	425	965
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	10	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	40	95	130	80	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	290	20	270	310	10	295
22. Legal professions and studies	105	15	95	235	70	170
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35	10	30	20	10	15
42. Psychology	200	50	150	265	60	200
45. Social sciences	310	140	175	430	205	230
Business, management and public administration	1,465	570	895	2,255	855	1,400
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	40	125	230	30	200
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,295	530	765	2,015	815	1,195
Physical and life sciences and technologies	210	85	130	335	140	195
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	90	30	65	125	25	100
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	20	30	100	40	55
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	50	35	15	90	70	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15	20	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	300	185	120	415	275	135
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	195	125	65	365	250	115
25. Library science	25	10	15	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	45	30	45	25	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,835	1,645	185	3,135	2,950	190
04. Architecture and related services	80	60	20	55	40	10
14. Engineering	235	175	60	510	450	60
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	400	335	60	665	590	75
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	440	435	0	495	490	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	350	320	25	590	570	20
48. Precision production	335	320	15	820	810	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	210	130	80	200	105	90
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	150	90	60	130	80	60
03. Natural resources and conservation	65	35	20	65	30	35
Health and related fields	1,565	215	1,345	2,460	470	1,985
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	115	40	75	155	85	70
51. Health professions and related programs	1,390	145	1,245	2,270	365	1,900
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	35	20	35	20	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	635	320	315	825	375	450
12. Personal and culinary services	375	90	285	410	50	360
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	210	180	25	290	215	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	50	45	0	115	105	15
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	25,640	12,255	13,380	29,385	14,670	14,715
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,125	6,440	6,685	13,535	6,885	6,650
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	12,520	5,820	6,700	15,845	7,780	8,065
Location of study inside Canada	11,110	5,160	5,955	14,185	6,890	7,295
Same as province or territory of residence	10,510	4,855	5,660	13,775	6,650	7,125
Different than province or territory of residence	605	305	295	410	235	170
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,405	655	745	1,660	890	770
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	395	170	230	750	410	340
Philippines	65	20	45	30	10	20
India	90	40	55	80	50	35
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	350	210	145	185	105	85
China^{Census data footnote 162}	35	15	20	20	0	10
France	0	0	0	20	10	15
Other	460	205	250	575	315	270
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	16,300	7,850	8,450	19,480	9,625	9,855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,085	3,715	3,370	7,000	3,645	3,355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	9,215	4,135	5,080	12,475	5,980	6,490
Location of study inside Canada	8,370	3,785	4,590	11,260	5,365	5,895
Same as province or territory of residence	7,905	3,550	4,355	10,955	5,200	5,755
Different than province or territory of residence	465	235	230	305	165	145
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	845	350	495	1,215	620	600
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	260	95	160	610	325	285
Philippines	60	15	45	25	10	20
India	65	25	35	75	45	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	165	95	75	90	50	40
China^{Census data footnote 162}	30	15	20	10	0	10
France	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other	265	110	160	395	190	205
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	25,640	12,255	13,385	29,380	14,665	14,715
In the labour force	17,005	8,645	8,360	19,585	10,305	9,280
Employed	16,115	8,220	7,890	18,675	9,860	8,815
Unemployed	900	420	475	910	445	465
Not in the labour force	8,630	3,605	5,025	9,800	4,370	5,435
Participation rate	66.3	70.5	62.5	66.7	70.3	63.1
Employment rate	62.9	67.1	58.9	63.6	67.2	59.9
Unemployment rate	5.3	4.9	5.7	4.6	4.3	5.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	25,640	12,255	13,385	29,385	14,665	14,710
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	7,680	3,145	4,530	8,890	3,940	4,955
Worked	17,960	9,110	8,855	20,485	10,725	9,765
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	9,545	5,340	4,205	11,330	6,695	4,640
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	8,420	3,775	4,645	9,155	4,035	5,120
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.8	42.8	44.2	44.6	43.6
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	17,010	8,650	8,360	19,585	10,305	9,280
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	180	80	100	275	130	150
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	16,830	8,570	8,265	19,305	10,175	9,130
Employee	14,850	7,470	7,385	17,050	8,765	8,280
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,980	1,100	880	2,250	1,410	845
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	17,010	8,650	8,360	19,580	10,300	9,280
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	180	80	100	280	130	150
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	16,830	8,565	8,265	19,305	10,175	9,130
0 Management occupations	1,440	830	610	2,220	1,465	765
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,050	565	1,485	2,560	615	1,945
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	870	625	245	1,025	845	180
3 Health occupations	1,210	190	1,020	1,675	330	1,345
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,665	560	1,105	1,990	615	1,370
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	775	370	405	315	105	205
6 Sales and service occupations	3,920	1,570	2,355	3,615	1,375	2,240
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,480	2,275	200	3,410	3,170	240
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	250	175	80	325	230	90
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,165	1,410	760	2,170	1,420	750
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	17,010	8,645	8,365	19,580	10,300	9,280
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	180	80	100	280	130	150
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	16,830	8,565	8,265	19,305	10,175	9,130
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	135	80	55	550	360	190
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	65	65	0
22 Utilities	30	20	10	155	120	35
23 Construction	1,070	980	90	1,505	1,290	215
31-33 Manufacturing	3,495	2,405	1,090	4,305	3,090	1,215
41 Wholesale trade	510	380	135	525	400	125
44-45 Retail trade	1,880	845	1,030	1,990	905	1,085
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	555	435	115	790	575	210
51 Information and cultural industries	215	95	115	170	80	90
52 Finance and insurance	790	230	560	640	220	415
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	230	135	100	200	110	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	805	445	365	910	505	410
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	10	15	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	595	290	300	640	365	275
61 Educational services	1,050	360	690	1,415	335	1,075
62 Health care and social assistance	2,040	295	1,740	2,340	435	1,905
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	805	345	460	380	170	210
72 Accommodation and food services	1,360	555	805	1,060	300	765
81 Other services (except public administration)	740	355	385	760	365	400
91 Public administration	505	300	210	880	475	410
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	16,110	8,225	7,890	18,670	9,865	8,810
Worked at home	995	435	555	1,160	590	570
Worked outside Canada	35	35	0	540	355	185
No fixed workplace address	1,390	1,010	385	1,760	1,330	430
Worked at usual place	13,690	6,745	6,945	15,215	7,580	7,630
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,690	6,745	6,945	15,215	7,580	7,635
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,585	4,930	5,655	3,525	1,605	1,925
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,040	615	425	10,475	5,435	5,035
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,040	1,200	840	1,190	520	665
Commute to a different province or territory	30	10	25	25	20	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	15,080	7,750	7,330	16,970	8,910	8,065
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,480	6,025	5,460	15,690	8,310	7,385
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,305	560	745	835	400	430
Public transit	355	115	235	55	25	35
Walked	1,290	650	640	240	95	145
Bicycle	445	315	130	65	55	10
Other method	205	90	115	85	35	55
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	15,080	7,750	7,330	16,975	8,910	8,060
Less than 15 minutes	9,505	4,670	4,830	3,595	1,590	2,005
15 to 29 minutes	2,875	1,435	1,440	7,345	4,030	3,310
30 to 44 minutes	1,165	715	450	5,080	2,810	2,265
45 to 59 minutes	935	530	405	700	310	395
60 minutes and over	605	405	200	255	170	85
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	15,080	7,750	7,325	16,975	8,915	8,060
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	935	615	320	1,440	945	500
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,725	1,795	925	3,740	2,595	1,140
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,150	1,730	1,420	4,435	2,215	2,220
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,330	1,150	2,185	2,915	1,045	1,865
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,710	705	1,005	1,340	490	850
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,230	1,755	1,475	3,105	1,620	1,485
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	18,335	9,275	9,060	21,010	10,995	10,010
Single responses	18,255	9,250	9,005	20,870	10,935	9,940
Official languages	18,240	9,235	9,000	20,840	10,905	9,935
English	18,195	9,215	8,980	20,455	10,845	9,615
French	45	25	15	385	65	320
Non-official languages	15	10	0	30	25	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	10	10	30	25	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0	20	20	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	0	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	15	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0	10	0
Chinese languages	0	10	10	0	10	0
Cantonese	10	0	0	10	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	85	30	55	135	65	70
English and French	35	0	25	85	45	40
English and non-official language	40	25	15	50	15	30
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	15	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	18,335	9,280	9,060	21,005	10,995	10,015
None	18,055	9,170	8,885	20,020	10,630	9,390
English	30	15	15	190	50	145
French	120	15	95	565	185	380
Non-official language	115	60	50	225	125	100
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	115	60	55	225	125	100
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	10	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	29,920	14,505	15,420	36,045	18,135	17,910
Non-movers	25,940	12,550	13,390	32,990	16,495	16,490
Movers	3,980	1,955	2,025	3,060	1,640	1,420
Non-migrants	2,320	1,135	1,185	1,310	760	545
Migrants	1,660	820	840	1,750	880	865
Internal migrants	1,550	760	790	1,650	840	810
Intraprovincial migrants	1,445	720	730	1,525	775	750
Interprovincial migrants	105	40	65	125	70	60
External migrants	115	60	50	100	40	60
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	28,830	13,935	14,895	34,515	17,380	17,135
Non-movers	17,930	8,705	9,225	24,555	12,240	12,320
Movers	10,900	5,225	5,675	9,960	5,140	4,815
Non-migrants	6,370	3,085	3,285	4,690	2,470	2,220
Migrants	4,530	2,145	2,385	5,265	2,670	2,595
Internal migrants	4,100	1,915	2,175	4,930	2,525	2,410
Intraprovincial migrants	3,735	1,750	1,990	4,645	2,370	2,275
Interprovincial migrants	360	170	190	285	150	135
External migrants	435	225	210	335	145	185

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Stratford [Population centre], Ontario and Lakeshore, T [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Stratford [Population centre], Ontario and Lakeshore, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Stratford [Population centre], Ontario and Lakeshore, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Stratford [Population centre], Ontario and Lakeshore, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario