Census Profile, 2016 Census
Sudbury [Population centre], Ontario and Norwich [Population centre], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Sudbury Ontario [Population centre]			Norwich Ontario [Population centre]
	Data quality , Sudbury [Population centre], Ontario Map : Sudbury [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Norwich [Population centre], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	88,054	...	...	2,852	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	87,950 ^r	...	...	2,707	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.1	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	44,251	...	...	1,121	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	40,098	...	...	1,088	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,159.7	...	...	1,051.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	75.93	...	...	2.71	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	88,050	42,140	45,915	2,855	1,410	1,445
0 to 14 years	12,785	6,495	6,290	610	315	295
0 to 4 years	4,365	2,210	2,155	215	115	105
5 to 9 years	4,410	2,295	2,115	200	95	105
10 to 14 years	4,010	1,985	2,020	190	105	90
15 to 64 years	57,805	28,220	29,580	1,770	870	900
15 to 19 years	4,820	2,420	2,405	160	85	75
20 to 24 years	6,340	3,170	3,170	165	85	80
25 to 29 years	6,265	3,115	3,150	195	105	95
30 to 34 years	5,585	2,820	2,770	185	90	95
35 to 39 years	5,030	2,440	2,590	160	80	80
40 to 44 years	5,015	2,420	2,595	155	75	80
45 to 49 years	5,435	2,710	2,725	140	70	70
50 to 54 years	6,885	3,375	3,510	185	90	100
55 to 59 years	6,585	3,075	3,505	220	100	120
60 to 64 years	5,845	2,680	3,165	205	100	105
65 years and over	17,460	7,420	10,045	470	220	245
65 to 69 years	5,090	2,455	2,635	155	80	75
70 to 74 years	3,880	1,720	2,165	105	55	50
75 to 79 years	3,175	1,365	1,810	95	35	60
80 to 84 years	2,550	980	1,565	80	35	40
85 years and over	2,765	900	1,870	40	10	30
85 to 89 years	1,760	630	1,125	20	10	10
90 to 94 years	795	215	580	15	5	10
95 to 99 years	195	50	145	5	0	10
100 years and over	15	5	15	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.4	13.7	21.4	22.3	20.4
15 to 64 years	65.7	67.0	64.4	62.0	61.7	62.3
65 years and over	19.8	17.6	21.9	16.5	15.6	17.0
85 years and over	3.1	2.1	4.1	1.4	0.7	2.1
Average age of the population	42.8	41.3	44.2	39.3	38.3	40.4
Median age of the population	43.2	41.3	45.0	38.4	36.5	40.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	40,095	...	...	1,090	...	...
Single-detached house	19,020	...	...	905	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,305	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	16,770	...	...	180	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,155	...	...	45	...	...
Row house	2,335	...	...	40	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,205	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,960	...	...	80	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	5	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	40,100	...	...	1,090	...	...
1 person	14,445	...	...	245	...	...
2 persons	14,155	...	...	395	...	...
3 persons	5,430	...	...	170	...	...
4 persons	4,315	...	...	165	...	...
5 or more persons	1,755	...	...	110	...	...
Number of persons in private households	85,730	...	...	2,825	...	...
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	75,270	35,645	39,625	2,240	1,095	1,150
Married or living common law	38,660	19,305	19,355	1,450	730	725
Married	29,670	14,820	14,850	1,235	615	620
Living common law	8,995	4,485	4,510	220	110	105
Not married and not living common law	36,605	16,340	20,270	795	370	425
Never married	22,360	11,905	10,455	470	270	205
Separated	2,845	1,190	1,655	65	25	40
Divorced	5,205	2,085	3,115	105	40	65
Widowed	6,200	1,150	5,045	145	30	115
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	24,030	...	...	835	...	...
2 persons	13,710	...	...	425	...	...
3 persons	5,025	...	...	160	...	...
4 persons	3,980	...	...	150	...	...
5 or more persons	1,315	...	...	100	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	24,030	...	...	840	...	...
Total couple families	18,930	...	...	725	...	...
Married couples	14,440	...	...	610	...	...
Common-law couples	4,495	...	...	110	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	5,100	...	...	115	...	...
Female parent	4,095	...	...	95	...	...
Male parent	1,010	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	18,930	...	...	720	...	...
Couples without children	10,505	...	...	360	...	...
Couples with children	8,425	...	...	360	...	...
1 child	3,625	...	...	120	...	...
2 children	3,595	...	...	145	...	...
3 or more children	1,205	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	5,100	...	...	115	...	...
1 child	3,205	...	...	65	...	...
2 children	1,395	...	...	40	...	...
3 or more children	490	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,355	9,500	10,860	335	145	185
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	40,100	...	...	1,090	...	...
One-census-family households	23,305	...	...	800	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	10,200	...	...	350	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	13,105	...	...	450	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	360	...	...	15	...	...
Non-census-family households	16,435	...	...	270	...	...
One-person households	14,445	...	...	245	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,990	...	...	20	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	86,555	41,555	45,005	2,835	1,410	1,430
English only	56,790	28,365	28,425	2,765	1,385	1,385
French only	530	205	325	0	0	0
English and French	28,900	12,860	16,040	60	20	40
Neither English nor French	340	125	215	5	5	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	86,555	41,555	45,005	2,840	1,405	1,430
English	68,475	33,505	34,965	2,815	1,395	1,420
French	17,265	7,685	9,575	15	10	5
English and French	505	240	260	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	320	115	205	5	0	5
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	17,515	7,805	9,710	15	5	5
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	20.2	18.8	21.6	0.5	0.4	0.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	86,560	41,550	45,005	2,840	1,405	1,430
Single responses	84,455	40,585	43,870	2,810	1,395	1,410
Official languages	76,890	37,075	39,815	2,560	1,275	1,280
English	59,375	29,265	30,110	2,540	1,265	1,270
French	17,515	7,810	9,700	20	5	10
Non-official languages	7,565	3,505	4,055	250	115	135
Aboriginal languages	190	75	120	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	185	70	115	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	5	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	135	45	90	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	130	45	80	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,375	3,435	3,940	250	120	135
Afro-Asiatic languages	410	235	175	0	0	0
Berber languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	390	225	165	0	0	0
Amharic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	375	220	155	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	50	55	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	100	55	55	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	185	60	120	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	10	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	45	95	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	110	50	55	0	0	0
Kannada	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	10	25	0	0	0
Tamil	30	15	15	0	0	0
Telugu	40	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,890	2,280	2,610	245	115	125
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,185	495	685	15	10	10
Baltic languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Latvian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,130	470	660	20	5	10
Belarusan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	180	85	100	0	0	0
Czech	35	15	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	320	125	200	15	5	10
Russian	95	40	55	0	0	0
Serbian	75	45	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Slovak	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	330	125	200	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	495	225	270	210	95	110
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0	0	0
Danish	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dutch	65	25	35	190	85	105
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	385	175	215	15	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	5	5	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	660	345	315	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	595	315	280	5	0	0
Bengali	25	15	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	140	80	60	0	0	0
Hindi	105	50	50	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	40	20	20	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	55	55	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	0	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Urdu	140	75	60	5	0	0
Iranian languages	60	30	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,430	1,155	1,275	15	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,945	910	1,035	5	0	0
Portuguese	165	85	75	5	0	5
Romanian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Spanish	280	135	150	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	55	35	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	165	80	80	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	15	5	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Shona	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	25	15	5	0	0	0
Wolof	5	5	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	625	305	325	0	0	0
Chinese languages	620	305	320	0	0	0
Cantonese	195	85	110	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	360	175	185	0	0	0
Min Dong	5	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	15	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	725	285	440	0	0	0
Estonian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Finnish	640	245	400	0	0	0
Hungarian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,105	970	1,135	25	10	15
English and French	1,400	635	760	0	0	0
English and non-official language	595	290	305	25	10	15
French and non-official language	75	35	40	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	40	15	25	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	86,555	41,550	45,005	2,835	1,405	1,430
Single responses	83,925	40,375	43,550	2,790	1,385	1,405
Official languages	81,125	39,085	42,040	2,720	1,355	1,360
English	73,435	35,780	37,660	2,715	1,355	1,360
French	7,685	3,305	4,385	0	5	0
Non-official languages	2,800	1,290	1,510	75	30	40
Aboriginal languages	40	15	25	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	40	15	20	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	25	15	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,760	1,275	1,485	70	35	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	230	135	95	0	0	0
Berber languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	0	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	215	125	90	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	215	125	85	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	50	45	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	95	50	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	30	40	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	30	40	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	45	20	30	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	5	10	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	5	0	0	0
Telugu	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,635	730	900	70	30	40
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	310	125	185	10	0	5
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	305	125	180	10	0	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	65	20	40	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	90	35	55	10	5	5
Russian	45	20	20	0	0	0
Serbian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	70	25	45	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	25	25	55	25	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5	55	25	35
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	25	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	385	205	180	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	350	185	165	5	0	0
Bengali	15	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hindi	65	30	30	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	30	40	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	80	45	40	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	815	340	475	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	615	245	370	0	0	0
Portuguese	70	35	30	0	0	0
Romanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Spanish	115	55	65	0	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	35	20	20	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	375	195	185	0	0	0
Chinese languages	375	190	185	0	0	0
Cantonese	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	240	120	115	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	190	60	130	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	175	50	120	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,630	1,180	1,455	45	20	30
English and French	1,245	505	740	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,265	620	650	40	20	25
French and non-official language	55	25	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	65	30	40	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	86,560	41,555	45,005	2,835	1,405	1,430
None	70,060	34,375	35,685	2,675	1,335	1,345
English	5,445	2,395	3,050	45	20	30
French	8,050	3,455	4,590	5	0	0
Non-official language	2,815	1,240	1,575	105	50	55
Aboriginal	240	95	150	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,575	1,150	1,430	105	50	60
English and French	35	20	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	55	30	25	0	0	0
French and non-official language	85	35	55	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	10	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	72,975	34,765	38,215	2,215	1,090	1,130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	70,735	33,690	37,045	2,160	1,070	1,090
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,814	41,609	29,168	33,225	42,720	25,557
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	70,765	33,695	37,075	2,160	1,065	1,090
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,659	37,242	26,916	30,684	37,943	24,064
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	62,355	30,160	32,195	1,960	1,005	950
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,660	40,061	26,405	30,579	41,515	22,464
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	53,095	23,520	29,575	1,545	675	865
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,346	6,934	7,550	7,200	5,312	7,952
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	50,440	25,985	24,450	1,645	880	765
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,265	37,069	28,646	34,432	43,072	24,896
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	72,940	34,815	38,125	2,320	1,165	1,155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,595	33,655	36,940	2,240	1,115	1,120
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,215	55,007	38,203	37,145	43,784	30,512
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,620	33,655	36,965	2,240	1,115	1,125
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,427	44,647	32,764	32,562	37,815	27,332
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	62,280	30,170	32,110	1,970	1,040	930
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,137	54,933	35,932	34,937	41,380	27,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	53,330	23,625	29,700	1,660	715	940
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,466	8,217	8,665	8,620	8,140	8,986
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	50,485	25,980	24,505	1,645	920	725
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,444	50,491	35,971	36,679	41,790	30,169
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	72,940	34,810	38,130	2,315	1,160	1,155
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	22,650	12,340	10,310	855	575	275
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,038	62,473	48,651	49,759	52,205	46,975
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,449	72,256	55,102	52,076	54,184	47,702
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.0	89.5	81.5	84.8	89.3	78.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	67.1	70.6	62.5	73.6	79.2	66.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.0	10.5	18.5	15.0	10.5	21.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	72,980	34,765	38,215	2,220	1,090	1,130
Without total income	2,245	1,075	1,165	60	25	40
With total income	70,735	33,690	37,045	2,155	1,065	1,090
Percentage with total income	96.9	96.9	96.9	97.1	97.7	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,020	3,905	5,120	250	90	165
$10,000 to $19,999	12,455	4,820	7,635	385	130	255
$20,000 to $29,999	9,825	3,675	6,150	335	130	200
$30,000 to $39,999	8,465	3,805	4,660	285	140	145
$40,000 to $49,999	7,320	3,600	3,720	250	135	115
$50,000 to $59,999	5,825	2,920	2,900	225	155	70
$60,000 to $69,999	4,375	2,420	1,960	160	105	50
$70,000 to $79,999	3,105	1,775	1,330	70	50	20
$80,000 to $89,999	2,470	1,375	1,095	50	35	15
$90,000 to $99,999	2,095	1,185	910	60	35	30
$100,000 and over	5,775	4,215	1,565	80	60	25
$100,000 to $149,999	4,140	2,950	1,190	70	45	20
$150,000 and over	1,635	1,260	375	10	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	72,975	34,760	38,215	2,220	1,090	1,125
Without after-tax income	2,205	1,075	1,135	60	25	35
With after-tax income	70,770	33,690	37,075	2,165	1,065	1,095
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	96.9	97.0	97.5	97.7	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,340	3,970	5,375	255	85	170
$10,000 to $19,999	12,965	5,040	7,920	410	135	270
$20,000 to $29,999	11,410	4,335	7,075	390	160	230
$30,000 to $39,999	10,175	4,865	5,310	345	175	170
$40,000 to $49,999	8,305	4,170	4,140	305	195	110
$50,000 to $59,999	5,810	3,140	2,670	195	130	65
$60,000 to $69,999	3,960	2,295	1,665	100	75	30
$70,000 to $79,999	3,170	1,830	1,340	70	45	25
$80,000 and over	5,630	4,045	1,585	80	55	25
$80,000 to $89,999	1,955	1,325	630	35	25	10
$90,000 to $99,999	1,235	885	355	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	2,435	1,835	600	30	20	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	72,975	34,765	38,215	2,220	1,090	1,125
Without employment income	22,540	8,775	13,765	575	210	365
With employment income	50,435	25,985	24,450	1,645	880	765
Percentage with employment income	69.1	74.7	64.0	74.1	80.7	68.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,360	4,625	3,740	215	100	115
$5,000 to $9,999	4,055	1,720	2,340	135	50	85
$10,000 to $19,999	6,355	2,730	3,625	210	85	125
$20,000 to $29,999	5,250	2,345	2,910	185	75	110
$30,000 to $39,999	4,995	2,210	2,790	200	90	110
$40,000 to $49,999	4,440	2,010	2,430	200	120	80
$50,000 to $59,999	3,790	1,875	1,910	180	130	55
$60,000 to $69,999	2,885	1,640	1,245	120	90	25
$70,000 to $79,999	2,175	1,285	890	65	45	15
$80,000 and over	8,135	5,550	2,585	145	100	50
$80,000 to $89,999	1,930	1,095	840	40	25	15
$90,000 to $99,999	1,750	995	755	45	25	20
$100,000 and over	4,450	3,465	985	65	50	15
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	40,095	...	...	1,090	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,761	...	...	69,222	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	54,092	...	...	61,867	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	14,440	...	...	245	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,776	...	...	30,656	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,140	...	...	27,968	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	25,655	...	...	845	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,710	...	...	80,192	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,074	...	...	71,979	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	40,090	...	...	1,105	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	81,378	...	...	75,307	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,691	...	...	66,131	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,450	...	...	225	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,232	...	...	36,563	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,628	...	...	31,648	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	25,640	...	...	880	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	103,443	...	...	85,318	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,763	...	...	75,041	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	40,100	...	...	1,090	...	...
Under $5,000	515	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	900	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,835	...	...	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,065	...	...	35	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,260	...	...	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,845	...	...	40	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,790	...	...	40	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,900	...	...	55	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,805	...	...	55	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,765	...	...	50	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,145	...	...	85	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,825	...	...	110	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,295	...	...	100	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,145	...	...	80	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,885	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,120	...	...	280	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,600	...	...	130	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,495	...	...	70	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,810	...	...	45	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,210	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	40,095	...	...	1,090	...	...
Under $5,000	545	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	910	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,865	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,155	...	...	35	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,530	...	...	55	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,050	...	...	40	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,155	...	...	50	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,165	...	...	65	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,140	...	...	50	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,965	...	...	60	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,635	...	...	115	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,035	...	...	120	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,715	...	...	115	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,245	...	...	85	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,930	...	...	60	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,055	...	...	190	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,345	...	...	105	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,070	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,645	...	...	45	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	24,115	...	...	830	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,946	...	...	79,872	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,863	...	...	71,765	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	10,000	...	...	340	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,998	...	...	69,376	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,971	...	...	61,120	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	8,505	...	...	365	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,912	...	...	97,451	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,386	...	...	87,040	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,905	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,432	...	...	59,264	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,433	...	...	53,888	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	24,120	...	...	860	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	105,234	...	...	84,133	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,995	...	...	74,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	9,925	...	...	340	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	100,025	...	...	71,761	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,381	...	...	63,125	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	8,640	...	...	400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,602	...	...	103,108	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,053	...	...	90,153	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,785	...	...	110	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,526	...	...	57,330	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,151	...	...	52,312	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	18,675	8,730	9,945	285	125	155
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,056	30,740	27,830	29,408	34,688	25,899
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,880	28,016	26,110	27,584	31,424	24,192
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	18,540	8,625	9,915	280	125	160
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,065	43,397	35,296	37,114	46,038	30,244
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,196	35,844	30,891	32,045	38,660	26,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	85,735	41,240	44,490	2,825	1,405	1,425
In the bottom half of the distribution	43,150	19,945	23,200	1,550	735	815
In the bottom decile	11,165	5,310	5,855	175	80	95
In the second decile	8,610	3,645	4,960	250	115	145
In the third decile	7,775	3,500	4,270	440	215	225
In the fourth decile	7,790	3,705	4,080	330	160	175
In the fifth decile	7,815	3,780	4,035	345	175	175
In the top half of the distribution	42,585	21,295	21,290	1,280	670	610
In the sixth decile	7,810	3,835	3,980	345	180	160
In the seventh decile	8,170	4,025	4,150	320	165	155
In the eighth decile	8,810	4,360	4,450	280	150	130
In the ninth decile	9,365	4,730	4,640	240	130	110
In the top decile	8,425	4,350	4,075	95	45	50
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	85,730	41,240	44,490	2,830	1,405	1,425
0 to 17 years	15,315	7,770	7,540	695	355	340
0 to 5 years	5,210	2,645	2,565	265	135	130
18 to 64 years	54,600	26,555	28,045	1,685	835	850
65 years and over	15,820	6,915	8,905	450	220	235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,060	6,825	8,230	285	115	170
0 to 17 years	3,620	1,865	1,755	75	35	40
0 to 5 years	1,515	790	730	40	10	25
18 to 64 years	9,635	4,455	5,180	155	65	85
65 years and over	1,805	510	1,295	55	20	40
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.6	16.5	18.5	10.1	8.2	11.9
0 to 17 years (%)	23.6	24.0	23.3	10.8	9.9	11.8
0 to 5 years (%)	29.1	29.9	28.5	15.1	7.4	19.2
18 to 64 years (%)	17.6	16.8	18.5	9.2	7.8	10.0
65 years and over (%)	11.4	7.4	14.5	12.2	9.1	17.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,175	4,450	4,725	110	45	60
0 to 17 years	1,915	970	945	30	15	15
0 to 5 years	875	465	410	10	5	10
18 to 64 years	6,900	3,335	3,560	75	35	40
65 years and over	360	135	220	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.7	10.8	10.6	3.9	3.2	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	12.5	12.5	12.5	4.3	4.2	4.4
0 to 5 years (%)	16.8	17.6	16.0	3.8	3.7	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.6	12.7	4.5	4.2	4.7
65 years and over (%)	2.3	2.0	2.5	1.1	0.0	2.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	85,780	41,315	44,460	3,070	1,535	1,530
Official languages	85,470	41,190	44,280	3,055	1,535	1,520
English	84,950	40,995	43,960	3,055	1,530	1,520
French	29,340	13,155	16,185	80	20	55
Non-official languages	10,460	4,955	5,505	400	190	215
Aboriginal languages	545	225	320	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	540	225	310	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	90	40	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	20	0	15	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	450	180	265	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	420	170	255	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,920	4,730	5,185	405	190	215
Afro-Asiatic languages	710	375	335	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	705	365	335	0	0	0
Amharic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Arabic	675	355	315	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	95	80	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	170	95	80	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	255	120	135	0	0	0
Bikol	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	40	20	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	100	115	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	30	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	20	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	210	105	105	0	0	0
Kannada	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamil	85	50	35	0	0	0
Telugu	115	45	65	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,600	3,070	3,530	375	175	200
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,110	485	630	35	15	15
Baltic languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Latvian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,085	470	615	35	15	15
Belarusan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Croatian	250	110	135	0	0	0
Czech	55	25	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	290	125	170	35	15	20
Russian	105	40	60	0	0	0
Serbian	75	45	25	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovak	25	0	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Ukrainian	285	110	170	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	680	300	380	300	135	160
Afrikaans	40	25	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	90	20	65	285	125	155
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	540	240	300	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yiddish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	195	90	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	945	495	445	10	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	845	445	400	10	10	0
Bengali	35	20	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	190	120	75	0	0	0
Hindi	455	245	210	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nepali	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	175	90	80	10	0	10
Sindhi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Urdu	235	105	130	10	0	0
Iranian languages	110	60	45	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	30	20	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	85	40	40	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,820	1,780	2,035	35	20	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	2,705	1,270	1,440	10	0	0
Portuguese	185	100	85	20	10	10
Romanian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Spanish	990	430	560	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	60	20	40	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	45	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	270	165	105	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	60	25	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	25	10	15	0	0	0
Swahili	45	20	25	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	25	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	70	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	165	50	115	20	10	10
American Sign Language	90	35	55	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	70	20	50	0	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	705	395	305	0	0	0
Chinese languages	700	400	305	0	0	0
Cantonese	255	130	125	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	435	260	175	0	0	0
Min Dong	10	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	30	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	825	315	505	10	10	10
Estonian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Finnish	750	290	465	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	15	30	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	85,775	41,315	44,460	3,070	1,540	1,535
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	83,545	40,160	43,385	2,950	1,485	1,470
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,205	7,665	7,540	835	445	390
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	68,340	32,495	35,850	2,115	1,040	1,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,230	1,160	1,075	120	55	65
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	85,775	41,320	44,460	3,070	1,540	1,530
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	77,875	37,500	40,370	2,705	1,375	1,330
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	7,210	3,425	3,780	360	160	200
Before 1981	3,875	1,735	2,135	165	70	95
1981 to 1990	560	335	225	25	20	10
1991 to 2000	625	315	315	40	15	25
2001 to 2010	1,230	605	625	55	20	35
2001 to 2005	550	265	285	50	25	25
2006 to 2010	685	340	340	0	0	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	920	435	485	60	30	35
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	690	390	305	10	10	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	7,210	3,430	3,785	360	160	205
Under 5 years	855	400	455	60	20	35
5 to 14 years	1,345	600	750	85	35	50
15 to 24 years	2,085	980	1,110	115	35	75
25 to 44 years	2,610	1,295	1,310	80	45	30
45 years and over	310	145	165	20	15	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,210	3,425	3,785	360	160	200
Americas	805	345	465	45	35	15
Brazil	15	0	15	0	0	0
Colombia	40	25	20	10	10	0
El Salvador	20	15	10	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	25	10	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	130	60	70	15	10	0
Mexico	30	0	30	0	0	0
Peru	25	0	20	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	375	165	210	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	110	40	65	10	10	0
Europe	3,960	1,810	2,150	275	115	160
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	20	10	0	0	0
Croatia	140	70	70	0	0	0
France	75	40	40	0	0	0
Germany	320	140	180	0	0	0
Greece	115	45	70	0	0	0
Hungary	30	10	20	10	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	75	50	30	0	0	0
Italy	1,295	605	690	0	0	0
Netherlands	65	25	35	185	80	105
Poland	155	55	100	20	10	15
Portugal	95	50	40	10	0	0
Romania	30	20	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	50	10	45	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	70	30	40	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	740	360	380	30	10	15
Other places of birth in Europe	650	255	395	10	0	10
Africa	550	280	275	0	0	0
Algeria	55	25	30	0	0	0
Egypt	40	25	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	10	10	10	0	0	0
Morocco	20	20	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	10	0	0	0
Somalia	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	380	185	195	0	0	0
Asia	1,865	980	885	30	0	25
Afghanistan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	25	10	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	300	175	130	15	0	15
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	55	35	25	0	0	0
India	485	225	265	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	55	30	25	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	40	30	15	0	0	0
Lebanon	85	50	35	0	0	0
Pakistan	135	60	80	15	0	10
Philippines	195	100	95	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	65	35	25	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	25	10	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	15	0	10	10	0
Viet Nam	165	85	80	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	185	110	75	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	20	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	920	440	485	65	30	35
Americas	70	45	25	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	15	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	45	25	20	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	10	0	0	0
Europe	105	50	55	35	15	25
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	15	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	30	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	15	25	40	20	20
Africa	170	60	110	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	20	15	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	10	25	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	30	10	15	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	20	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	25	40	0	0	0
Asia	560	270	290	20	10	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	55	20	30	15	0	15
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	160	75	80	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	20	20	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nepal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	80	35	45	0	0	0
Philippines	80	45	30	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	75	35	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	85,775	41,315	44,460	3,070	1,535	1,530
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	8,155	3,945	4,215	365	165	200
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	11,170	5,495	5,665	580	290	290
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	66,450	31,875	34,575	2,125	1,090	1,040
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	3,400	1,725	1,675	200	90	110
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,825	985	835	110	50	60
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	750	520	230	25	15	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,070	465	600	85	35	50
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,110	470	640	50	25	20
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	420	240	180	45	20	30
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	45	30	20	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	85,775	41,320	44,460	3,070	1,540	1,535
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	8,415	4,060	4,355	50	25	15
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	8,200	3,970	4,230	45	30	15
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	4,595	2,210	2,385	10	15	0
Métis	3,565	1,740	1,825	35	15	20
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	95	45	50	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	120	50	70	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	77,360	37,260	40,105	3,025	1,510	1,510
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	85,775	41,315	44,455	3,070	1,540	1,535
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	3,655	1,780	1,870	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	82,120	39,535	42,585	3,065	1,535	1,530
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	85,775	41,315	44,460	3,070	1,540	1,535
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	2,295	1,180	1,115	10	10	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,275	1,165	1,115	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,790	895	895	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	465	270	200	10	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	20	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	20	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	8,485	4,050	4,440	75	45	35
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	8,345	4,005	4,340	70	35	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,755	2,275	2,480	65	35	30
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,540	1,700	1,840	10	10	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	30	20	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	140	45	95	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	140	45	95	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	74,990	36,085	38,905	2,980	1,485	1,495
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	85,775	41,320	44,455	3,070	1,535	1,535
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	5,135	2,675	2,465	95	50	45
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,345	695	650	10	0	10
Chinese	805	460	345	25	10	15
Black	1,225	660	565	30	15	15
Filipino	265	125	145	0	0	0
Latin American	205	85	115	15	15	0
Arab	600	300	305	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	265	135	140	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	100	50	50	0	0	0
Korean	75	40	30	0	0	0
Japanese	80	35	45	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	50	20	25	20	20	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	130	75	60	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	80,640	38,645	41,995	2,970	1,485	1,485
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	85,780	41,320	44,455	3,070	1,535	1,530
North American Aboriginal origins	10,785	5,230	5,550	95	55	35
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,700	3,230	3,470	65	40	30
Inuit	80	40	45	10	0	0
Métis	4,160	2,020	2,140	25	15	10
Other North American origins	35,430	16,640	18,795	1,125	570	550
Acadian	180	80	100	0	0	0
American	730	360	375	20	10	10
Canadian	34,665	16,265	18,395	1,120	570	540
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	95	50	45	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	35	15	25	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	10	25	0	0	0
Québécois	135	75	55	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	63,935	30,580	33,350	2,620	1,305	1,320
British Isles origins	34,880	16,630	18,250	1,585	775	810
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	10	0	0	0
English	16,765	8,040	8,730	1,000	470	535
Irish	17,055	7,765	9,285	680	310	365
Manx	20	0	15	0	0	0
Scottish	13,890	6,655	7,240	770	400	365
Welsh	1,210	555	650	25	15	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,495	700	790	60	25	35
French origins	30,130	14,260	15,865	185	90	95
Alsatian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	30,130	14,265	15,865	185	85	95
Western European origins (except French origins)	9,185	4,345	4,840	1,370	670	700
Austrian	370	210	165	35	15	20
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	320	140	180	120	75	45
Dutch	1,925	895	1,030	860	440	415
Flemish	15	15	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	10	0	0
German	6,940	3,300	3,640	425	180	245
Luxembourger	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swiss	180	95	85	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	5,115	2,390	2,725	35	15	25
Danish	345	135	215	0	0	0
Finnish	3,550	1,700	1,850	10	0	0
Icelandic	95	35	60	0	0	0
Norwegian	555	240	315	20	10	15
Swedish	915	430	485	0	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	25	20	10	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	8,065	3,770	4,295	220	110	110
Bulgarian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Byelorussian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Czech	205	95	105	25	15	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	125	70	60	0	0	0
Estonian	155	90	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	490	240	250	85	50	35
Latvian	65	35	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	170	70	100	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,780	1,340	1,435	90	40	50
Romanian	180	105	80	0	0	0
Russian	550	195	350	0	0	0
Slovak	210	95	115	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,295	2,000	2,295	10	10	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	11,325	5,615	5,705	150	75	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	665	340	325	0	0	0
Cypriot	15	10	10	0	0	0
Greek	520	250	270	0	0	0
Italian	9,215	4,645	4,570	80	35	50
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	45	30	20	0	0	0
Maltese	70	25	45	10	10	10
Montenegrin	15	15	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	310	160	155	20	10	15
Serbian	150	90	50	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	155	70	85	0	0	0
Spanish	380	140	240	40	30	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	185	100	85	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	245	135	110	10	0	0
Basque	0	0	10	0	0	0
Jewish	95	45	50	10	10	0
Roma (Gypsy)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	125	80	45	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	605	270	340	60	30	30
Antiguan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Barbadian	30	15	20	10	0	0
Bermudan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Jamaican	375	180	190	25	15	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	15	40	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	30	15	15	10	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	485	250	240	15	20	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	50	25	30	0	0	0
Colombian	80	50	30	10	10	0
Costa Rican	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Guyanese	40	15	20	10	0	0
Hispanic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	110	55	55	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	75	40	35	0	0	0
Salvadorean	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uruguayan	20	10	15	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	10	0	0	0
African origins	1,250	620	630	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	300	180	115	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Chadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	110	55	60	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	40	35	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	20	10	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	320	140	185	0	0	0
Algerian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Berber	20	10	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	85	35	45	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sudanese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	65	20	50	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	235	140	90	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Djiboutian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	45	20	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	40	25	15	0	0	0
South African	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	75	55	15	0	0	0
Other African origins	425	170	255	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	60	20	45	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	385	160	225	0	0	0
Asian origins	4,040	2,105	1,930	50	10	35
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,045	560	485	0	0	0
Afghan	40	20	25	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	220	120	105	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	75	50	25	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	40	30	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	360	180	175	0	0	0
Palestinian	60	20	35	0	0	0
Pashtun	25	20	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	45	40	10	0	0	0
Syrian	35	20	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	50	30	25	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	65	25	40	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,410	725	680	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	195	95	100	0	0	0
Punjabi	40	15	25	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	95	60	25	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	45	30	15	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,610	845	765	20	10	15
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	955	525	435	20	0	15
Filipino	285	120	165	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Japanese	80	30	45	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	70	45	25	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	225	120	100	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	15	0	10	30	0	20
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	15	10	10	30	10	25
Oceania origins	80	40	40	0	0	0
Australian	65	40	30	0	0	0
New Zealander	10	10	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	40,095	...	...	1,100	...	...
Owner	21,445	...	...	845	...	...
Renter	18,645	...	...	260	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	40,090	...	...	1,105	...	...
Condominium	935	...	...	50	...	...
Not condominium	39,160	...	...	1,050	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	40,090	...	...	1,100	...	...
No bedrooms	250	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	6,970	...	...	65	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,830	...	...	180	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,825	...	...	535	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,220	...	...	330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	40,095	...	...	1,105	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,935	...	...	105	...	...
5 rooms	6,130	...	...	115	...	...
6 rooms	5,735	...	...	205	...	...
7 rooms	5,125	...	...	165	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,170	...	...	515	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	40,090	...	...	1,105	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,905	...	...	1,100	...	...
More than 1 person per room	180	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	40,090	...	...	1,105	...	...
Suitable	38,990	...	...	1,090	...	...
Not suitable	1,105	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	40,090	...	...	1,105	...	...
1960 or before	14,155	...	...	430	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,590	...	...	275	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,835	...	...	85	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,240	...	...	80	...	...
2001 to 2005	950	...	...	50	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,260	...	...	80	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,065	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	40,090	...	...	1,105	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	36,830	...	...	1,030	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,255	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	40,095	...	...	1,100	...	...
1 household maintainer	26,065	...	...	665	...	...
2 household maintainers	13,405	...	...	425	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	615	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	40,090	...	...	1,105	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,050	...	...	35	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,200	...	...	185	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,780	...	...	195	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,535	...	...	200	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,435	...	...	185	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,895	...	...	165	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,730	...	...	115	...	...
85 years and over	1,475	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	40,040	...	...	1,100	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,535	...	...	890	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,505	...	...	210	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,325	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,445	...	...	845	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.3	...	...	61.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.2	...	...	13.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,104	...	...	1,034	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,238	...	...	1,068	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	266,201	...	...	250,172	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	307,296	...	...	274,528	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,645	...	...	260	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	19.2	...	...	15.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	41.3	...	...	39.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	875	...	...	1,077	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	886	...	...	1,009	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	72,940	34,815	38,125	2,320	1,160	1,155
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,550	7,070	7,480	615	330	280
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	18,850	8,970	9,885	700	335	370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,540	18,770	20,765	1,000	490	510
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,030	3,720	1,315	245	185	60
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,640	1,800	845	145	95	55
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,395	1,920	475	100	95	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	18,770	7,980	10,795	500	205	295
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	885	345	540	35	20	20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	14,845	6,735	8,110	220	85	135
Bachelor's degree	10,240	4,325	5,910	155	55	100
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,100	510	600	25	10	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	530	355	175	10	10	0
Master's degree	2,400	1,150	1,250	35	20	15
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	580	395	180	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	46,155	22,620	23,540	1,485	705	785
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,315	2,930	2,390	250	115	135
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	10,955	5,595	5,360	480	225	255
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,880	14,090	15,790	755	360	400
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,205	2,385	820	155	120	35
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,710	1,200	510	95	60	30
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,495	1,195	305	70	65	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,670	6,440	8,225	375	160	220
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	590	230	360	20	0	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,420	5,035	6,380	195	70	125
Bachelor's degree	7,860	3,300	4,565	130	40	90
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	790	345	445	20	0	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	435	260	175	0	10	0
Master's degree	1,920	870	1,045	35	20	20
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	415	260	155	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	72,940	34,815	38,125	2,320	1,165	1,160
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	33,405	16,040	17,360	1,320	670	650
Education	2,380	630	1,755	75	15	60
13. Education	2,385	630	1,755	75	15	60
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	900	460	445	35	10	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	155	80	10	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	670	300	365	25	10	15
Humanities	1,910	740	1,165	35	25	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	200	25	175	0	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	395	110	290	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	440	180	260	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185	80	105	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	60	45	20	15	0
54. History	420	255	160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	155	25	125	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,925	1,675	3,250	105	15	90
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	15	55	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	550	195	355	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,020	95	920	50	0	40
22. Legal professions and studies	855	375	480	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	135	35	105	0	0	0
42. Psychology	820	150	670	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	1,470	805	670	25	10	20
Business, management and public administration	7,195	2,415	4,780	145	50	90
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,255	230	1,035	25	0	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,930	2,180	3,745	120	50	70
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,730	930	795	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	690	260	430	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	85	100	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	745	540	200	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	45	60	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,025	580	440	20	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	780	510	270	10	10	10
25. Library science	95	10	90	0	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	70	75	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,750	8,145	605	225	225	0
04. Architecture and related services	180	130	45	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,310	1,130	180	10	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,635	2,375	260	50	45	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,555	1,520	35	25	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,995	1,945	45	100	95	0
48. Precision production	1,070	1,040	35	45	40	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	475	280	190	80	70	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	155	85	75	70	65	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	315	195	120	10	0	10
Health and related fields	7,470	1,450	6,020	200	20	175
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	585	330	260	15	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,650	965	5,685	190	20	170
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	230	155	80	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,775	1,460	1,315	80	45	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,460	450	1,005	30	0	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	780	495	290	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	520	500	20	35	30	0
Other	10	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	46,160	22,615	23,535	1,485	705	785
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	16,275	8,525	7,750	735	345	390
Education	1,440	370	1,070	55	10	45
13. Education	1,440	365	1,070	55	10	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	705	370	330	30	0	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	120	55	10	10	10
50. Visual and performing arts	530	255	275	20	10	15
Humanities	1,365	510	850	30	25	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	165	15	150	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	275	75	200	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	335	135	200	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	40	60	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	55	30	20	15	10
54. History	290	165	125	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	95	15	85	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,985	1,295	2,690	85	15	70
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	45	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	500	185	315	10	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	785	75	710	35	0	35
22. Legal professions and studies	725	280	445	0	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	120	30	90	0	0	0
42. Psychology	645	100	540	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,160	615	545	25	10	20
Business, management and public administration	5,580	1,855	3,720	100	35	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,045	190	855	20	0	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,525	1,660	2,865	80	35	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,325	710	615	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	530	220	310	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	55	75	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	575	395	175	0	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	35	45	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	895	510	380	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	695	450	245	10	10	0
25. Library science	80	10	75	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	50	60	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,450	5,970	480	160	155	10
04. Architecture and related services	145	115	35	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,010	870	140	10	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,985	1,770	215	35	30	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,060	1,035	25	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,490	1,460	25	60	60	0
48. Precision production	755	730	30	35	30	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	380	225	160	55	40	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	130	65	60	45	45	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	155	100	0	0	10
Health and related fields	5,605	1,110	4,495	145	20	125
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	415	245	170	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	4,980	730	4,250	135	15	125
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	210	130	75	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,155	1,160	995	65	35	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,105	355	750	25	0	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	635	405	230	15	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	415	400	15	35	25	0
Other	10	10	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	72,940	34,810	38,125	2,320	1,160	1,160
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,400	16,040	17,365	1,315	665	645
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	39,540	18,770	20,765	1,005	495	510
Location of study inside Canada	37,135	17,510	19,625	915	435	480
Same as province or territory of residence	35,440	16,595	18,845	890	425	465
Different than province or territory of residence	1,700	920	780	25	10	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,400	1,260	1,135	85	55	30
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	510	295	210	15	10	0
Philippines	115	55	65	0	0	0
India	300	150	155	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	280	145	135	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	50	15	35	0	0	0
France	30	20	10	0	0	0
Other	1,105	580	525	65	45	20
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	46,155	22,620	23,540	1,485	700	785
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,275	8,525	7,750	730	345	390
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	29,885	14,095	15,790	755	360	395
Location of study inside Canada	28,200	13,255	14,945	690	325	365
Same as province or territory of residence	26,985	12,605	14,385	670	310	365
Different than province or territory of residence	1,215	650	560	20	15	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,680	835	845	65	35	30
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	325	170	150	10	10	0
Philippines	95	40	55	0	0	0
India	260	130	130	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	150	80	75	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	40	15	25	0	0	0
France	20	15	10	0	0	0
Other	780	385	400	50	25	25
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	72,935	34,810	38,125	2,320	1,160	1,155
In the labour force	44,460	22,450	22,015	1,505	855	655
Employed	40,445	20,105	20,335	1,460	820	640
Unemployed	4,020	2,340	1,680	50	35	15
Not in the labour force	28,475	12,365	16,110	810	310	505
Participation rate	61.0	64.5	57.7	64.9	73.7	56.7
Employment rate	55.5	57.8	53.3	62.9	70.7	55.4
Unemployment rate	9.0	10.4	7.6	3.3	4.1	2.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	72,940	34,810	38,125	2,320	1,160	1,155
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	26,715	11,510	15,205	740	265	470
Worked	46,230	23,300	22,925	1,580	895	685
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	23,200	12,715	10,485	875	585	290
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	23,025	10,585	12,440	705	310	395
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.7	42.0	42.5	43.2	41.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	44,465	22,450	22,010	1,510	850	655
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,065	555	515	20	10	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	43,395	21,895	21,500	1,490	845	650
Employee	39,950	19,695	20,255	1,310	740	570
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	3,445	2,205	1,240	180	100	80
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	44,460	22,450	22,015	1,510	855	660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,065	555	515	20	10	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	43,395	21,895	21,505	1,490	840	650
0 Management occupations	4,020	2,440	1,580	115	75	45
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,885	1,855	5,035	125	25	100
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,735	2,205	535	35	30	0
3 Health occupations	3,920	825	3,090	100	10	90
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,495	1,815	3,685	105	20	90
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,010	480	530	25	10	20
6 Sales and service occupations	11,415	4,880	6,535	335	130	205
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,830	5,555	280	375	365	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,295	1,210	85	60	50	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	795	640	150	210	130	85
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	44,465	22,450	22,010	1,505	855	655
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,070	555	515	20	10	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	43,395	21,895	21,505	1,490	840	650
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	120	70	40	70	60	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,320	2,030	290	0	0	0
22 Utilities	240	145	95	0	0	0
23 Construction	2,780	2,460	320	160	160	0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,705	1,455	245	295	200	95
41 Wholesale trade	1,420	1,125	295	30	30	0
44-45 Retail trade	5,875	2,735	3,140	225	105	125
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,385	1,080	305	115	90	15
51 Information and cultural industries	825	440	385	30	20	10
52 Finance and insurance	1,300	530	775	25	10	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	850	535	315	25	10	20
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,440	1,330	1,110	35	15	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	25	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,025	1,180	840	45	15	30
61 Educational services	3,870	1,400	2,470	90	10	75
62 Health care and social assistance	6,625	1,180	5,440	140	10	130
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	765	365	400	20	15	10
72 Accommodation and food services	3,745	1,560	2,190	80	30	45
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,790	840	950	70	35	30
91 Public administration	3,300	1,410	1,890	30	30	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	40,445	20,105	20,340	1,465	820	645
Worked at home	1,695	815	880	85	35	55
Worked outside Canada	50	30	25	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	4,080	2,950	1,125	215	170	45
Worked at usual place	34,615	16,310	18,310	1,160	615	545
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	34,620	16,310	18,305	1,160	615	545
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,705	15,715	17,995	385	220	165
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	10	0	455	230	220
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	815	520	295	315	160	160
Commute to a different province or territory	90	75	15	10	10	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	38,695	19,265	19,435	1,375	785	585
Car, truck, van - as a driver	29,915	15,520	14,395	1,215	700	515
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,710	1,000	1,710	65	45	20
Public transit	2,900	1,210	1,690	15	10	10
Walked	2,480	1,080	1,400	55	20	40
Bicycle	215	155	60	15	10	10
Other method	470	295	175	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	38,700	19,265	19,435	1,370	785	590
Less than 15 minutes	16,465	7,465	8,995	445	270	180
15 to 29 minutes	16,200	8,150	8,045	485	275	205
30 to 44 minutes	3,895	2,190	1,700	230	125	105
45 to 59 minutes	1,070	715	355	110	65	45
60 minutes and over	1,070	740	330	105	50	55
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	38,695	19,260	19,435	1,370	785	585
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,185	1,740	440	145	120	35
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,415	3,840	2,575	320	235	85
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,295	5,710	5,585	340	160	180
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,675	3,405	5,270	200	70	130
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,980	1,520	2,465	80	20	60
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,150	3,045	3,105	280	180	95
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	47,630	24,000	23,630	1,630	915	715
Single responses	46,305	23,530	22,775	1,625	910	710
Official languages	46,180	23,465	22,715	1,620	915	710
English	44,430	23,025	21,410	1,620	910	710
French	1,745	435	1,305	0	0	0
Non-official languages	125	65	60	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	125	65	55	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	15	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	45	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages	70	45	25	0	0	0
Cantonese	30	20	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,325	470	855	10	0	0
English and French	1,245	430	820	0	0	0
English and non-official language	75	30	45	10	10	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	15	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	47,635	24,000	23,635	1,630	920	710
None	38,935	20,270	18,670	1,580	895	680
English	1,040	280	760	0	0	0
French	7,210	3,190	4,020	10	0	10
Non-official language	390	225	170	40	15	25
Aboriginal	50	25	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	345	200	140	40	15	25
English and French	10	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	15	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	20	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	84,890	40,905	43,980	3,025	1,505	1,515
Non-movers	72,620	35,135	37,490	2,730	1,390	1,340
Movers	12,265	5,775	6,495	290	110	180
Non-migrants	9,380	4,345	5,040	55	15	45
Migrants	2,885	1,430	1,455	230	95	130
Internal migrants	2,555	1,215	1,340	230	100	135
Intraprovincial migrants	2,230	1,065	1,170	210	90	115
Interprovincial migrants	325	155	175	25	10	15
External migrants	325	215	115	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	81,335	39,040	42,295	2,790	1,390	1,395
Non-movers	48,660	23,280	25,385	1,755	895	865
Movers	32,675	15,765	16,910	1,035	500	535
Non-migrants	24,050	11,525	12,525	355	175	175
Migrants	8,625	4,240	4,385	680	320	360
Internal migrants	7,355	3,585	3,775	625	305	330
Intraprovincial migrants	6,445	3,065	3,375	620	305	320
Interprovincial migrants	910	515	395	0	0	0
External migrants	1,270	660	610	55	20	35

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Sudbury [Population centre], Ontario and Norwich [Population centre], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Sudbury [Population centre], Ontario and Norwich [Population centre], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Sudbury [Population centre], Ontario and Norwich [Population centre], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Sudbury [Population centre], Ontario and Norwich [Population centre], Ontario