Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Winnipeg Manitoba [Population centre]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba Map : Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	711,925	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	670,025 ^r	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	296,630	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	283,454	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,069.6	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	343.99	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	711,915	347,710	364,210	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	119,705	61,470	58,230	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	39,420	20,370	19,055	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	40,510	20,585	19,920	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	39,775	20,515	19,260	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	480,360	238,325	242,030	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	43,630	22,570	21,065	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	50,910	25,960	24,950	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	52,405	26,230	26,170	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	51,275	25,345	25,930	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	48,195	23,580	24,615	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	46,130	22,755	23,375	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	45,705	22,460	23,240	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	50,730	25,030	25,705	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	48,660	23,965	24,700	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	42,720	20,435	22,280	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	111,850	47,905	63,945	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	36,005	16,785	19,225	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	25,110	11,525	13,585	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	18,495	8,010	10,485	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	14,780	6,030	8,750	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	17,460	5,560	11,900	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	10,375	3,685	6,690	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	5,380	1,540	3,840	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	1,465	305	1,155	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	245	30	210	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.7	16.0	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	67.5	68.5	66.5	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	15.7	13.8	17.6	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.5	1.6	3.3	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	40.0	38.7	41.2	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	38.9	37.5	40.2	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	283,455	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	169,330	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	36,880	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	76,630	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	10,470	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	10,050	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,105	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	50,680	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	325	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	620	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	283,455	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	84,910	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	91,020	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	42,980	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	38,865	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	25,685	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	696,500	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	592,210	286,235	305,975	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	321,790	160,860	160,930	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	272,510	136,225	136,285	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	49,285	24,635	24,645	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	270,420	125,375	145,045	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	184,400	98,065	86,330	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	15,160	6,435	8,725	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	35,990	13,855	22,135	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	34,870	7,015	27,860	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	191,480	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	93,120	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	42,675	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	38,190	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	17,495	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	191,480	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	156,245	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	131,605	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	24,635	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	35,235	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	28,065	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	7,175	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	156,240	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	71,700	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	84,540	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	33,105	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	35,340	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	16,100	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	35,235	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	21,420	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	9,575	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	4,240	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	135,310	64,885	70,425	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	283,455	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	178,745	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	67,615	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	111,135	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	6,175	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	98,530	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	84,910	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	13,620	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	702,760	344,190	358,575	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	620,445	307,690	312,760	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	975	435	535	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	70,315	31,340	38,975	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	11,025	4,725	6,300	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	702,760	344,190	358,570	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	667,140	328,035	339,100	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	22,015	10,170	11,845	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	2,885	1,420	1,460	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	10,730	4,565	6,160	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	23,450	10,875	12,575	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.3	3.2	3.5	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	702,760	344,190	358,570	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	680,070	333,200	346,870	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	499,725	246,805	252,920	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	477,470	236,555	240,920	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	22,255	10,250	12,005	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	180,345	86,400	93,945	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	3,590	1,395	2,190	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	3,425	1,335	2,085	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	5	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,115	415	700	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	15	5	10	135	55	80
Plains Cree	45	15	25	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	325	125	200	5	5	0
Woods Cree	30	10	20	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	705	265	440	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	0	485	225	260
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,295	910	1,380	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	1,595	630	960	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	695	280	420	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	45	10	35	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	10	30	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	40	10	35	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	50	20	35	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	40	10	30	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	25	10	10	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Dakota	35	10	25	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	176,760	85,005	91,750	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	9,830	5,080	4,750	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	40	25	15	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	30	20	10	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	1,690	835	855	1,125	545	580
Bilen	125	70	55	10	10	5
Oromo	335	170	165	15	10	5
Somali	1,225	595	625	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	30	20	10
Semitic languages	8,045	4,190	3,860	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	1,520	740	770	745	340	405
Arabic	4,265	2,265	2,005	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	15	10	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	5	5
Hebrew	515	300	215	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	30	15	20	25	10	15
Tigrigna	1,700	860	840	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	35	25	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,000	1,890	2,115	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	260	130	140	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	3,740	1,760	1,980	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	48,140	22,330	25,805	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	155	65	90	115	35	80
Cebuano	935	425	510	885	270	610
Fijian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	360	155	205	410	125	275
Ilocano	1,265	590	675	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	5	0	0	1,250	590	660
Malay	145	60	85	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	600	290	310	205	90	110
Pangasinan	130	60	65	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	44,370	20,595	23,780	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	45	25	20	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	65	65	320	140	180
Creole languages	435	200	235	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	180	85	90	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	235	105	135	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	1,170	610	555	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	80	45	35	240	130	110
Malayalam	520	270	255	440	235	205
Tamil	410	215	195	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	155	85	70	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	86,105	41,650	44,455	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	305	155	155	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	60	30	25	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	22,575	10,120	12,455	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	115	45	65	850	335	515
Latvian	45	20	25	290	120	175
Lithuanian	65	25	35	555	215	340
Slavic languages	22,460	10,070	12,390	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	35	15	15	80	45	35
Bosnian	555	275	275	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	125	60	60	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	875	410	465	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	425	210	215	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	135	60	70	205	105	95
Polish	5,180	2,300	2,880	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	5,545	2,675	2,870	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	610	310	300	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	235	110	125	1,805	865	940
Slovak	300	120	175	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	230	105	130	755	350	405
Ukrainian	8,150	3,375	4,780	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	60	30	25	175	90	85
Celtic languages	50	30	20	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	10	20	15	10
Welsh	15	10	10	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	90	55	30
Germanic languages	16,255	7,240	9,020	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	150	75	75	125	60	65
Danish	165	75	85	395	190	200
Dutch	1,245	595	645	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	25	10	15	10	10	0
German	13,940	6,155	7,785	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	145	55	95	65	30	35
Norwegian	55	20	30	200	100	100
Swedish	95	40	55	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	105	40	60	540	240	300
Yiddish	345	170	175	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	175	100	75
Greek	1,155	585	570	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	29,215	15,425	13,790	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	26,570	14,090	12,480	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	1,095	635	465	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	2,060	1,080	980	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	2,070	1,100	970	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	5	5	5	20	15	5
Konkani	25	15	10	110	60	55
Marathi	105	65	45	255	145	110
Nepali	710	350	360	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,075	8,980	8,095	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	50	25	25	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	625	320	300	645	310	330
Urdu	2,745	1,510	1,230	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	2,550	1,285	1,270	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	390	205	190	985	550	430
Pashto	240	105	135	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	1,920	970	950	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	60	40	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	16,490	8,070	8,425	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	0	0	0	320	170	150
Italian	3,440	1,690	1,745	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	5,795	2,790	3,005	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	540	260	285	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	6,705	3,320	3,385	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	125	75	50
Japanese	485	165	315	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	15	10	10	170	80	85
Georgian	15	5	10	170	80	90
Korean	3,265	1,555	1,715	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	20	5	15	190	75	115
Mongolian	20	5	15	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	3,505	1,755	1,755	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	125	75	55	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	75	25	50	1,200	655	545
Edo	35	20	15	75	45	30
Ewe	25	15	10	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	35	30	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	15	10	5	80	40	40
Ganda	40	15	30	35	15	20
Igbo	270	145	120	120	70	50
Lingala	70	35	40	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	120	60	60	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	235	115	115	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	85	35	50	85	45	40
Swahili	820	390	425	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	70	45	25	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	875	445	430	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	580	285	300	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	380	205	180	345	180	165
Dinka	165	90	80	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	210	115	95	335	170	165
Sign languages	315	170	145	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	175	95	80	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	75	65	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	16,585	8,185	8,395	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	16,025	7,905	8,125	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	6,055	2,865	3,195	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	50	30	25	470	215	260
Mandarin	8,770	4,420	4,345	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	5	5	5	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	310	145	160	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	50	50	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	730	390	340	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	560	280	280	345	175	170
Burmese	85	50	30	80	30	50
Karenic languages	415	205	210	70	40	30
Tibetan	5	5	5	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	50	15	30	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	1,010	480	530	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	800	405	395	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	200	70	135	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	305	165	135	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	30	15	15	290	160	130
Turkish	190	100	85	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	10	5	5	205	100	105
Uzbek	40	20	15	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	185	80	105
Uralic languages	1,075	480	595	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	30	10	20	195	75	120
Finnish	130	50	75	360	125	240
Hungarian	915	415	500	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	120	65	50	685	385	300
Multiple responses	22,685	10,990	11,700	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	2,750	1,340	1,410	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	18,985	9,150	9,835	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	565	310	255	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	390	185	200	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	702,760	344,185	358,570	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	653,470	320,445	333,025	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	561,885	275,635	286,250	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	552,560	271,495	281,065	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	9,320	4,140	5,180	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	91,590	44,815	46,775	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	930	400	530	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	905	390	515	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	255	105	155	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	0	0	5	60	30	30
Plains Cree	5	5	5	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	45	20	25	5	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	5	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	195	80	115	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	645	285	360	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	365	160	205	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	285	130	155	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	5	10	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	5	0	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	5	0	5	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	90,655	44,410	46,245	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,325	3,170	3,155	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	15	15	5	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	15	10	5	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	1,140	525	615	535	240	295
Bilen	95	50	45	5	0	5
Oromo	210	90	115	5	0	0
Somali	830	375	455	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages	5,150	2,625	2,525	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	875	430	445	340	150	185
Arabic	2,840	1,455	1,380	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hebrew	340	185	155	1,705	880	825
Maltese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	1,085	540	535	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,795	1,320	1,480	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	55	70	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	2,675	1,265	1,405	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	24,700	11,705	12,990	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	25	15	15	15	5	10
Cebuano	345	165	180	230	100	125
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	125	55	70	130	55	75
Ilocano	365	175	195	740	305	435
Malagasy	0	0	0	360	185	170
Malay	50	25	30	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	230	115	120	60	30	30
Pangasinan	30	20	15	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	23,495	11,135	12,360	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	75	35	35
Creole languages	200	85	115	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	85	40	45	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	105	35	65	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	575	280	295	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	40	20	20	150	85	65
Malayalam	255	125	130	200	100	100
Tamil	200	100	105	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	75	40	35	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	38,540	19,210	19,325	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	150	75	75	1,615	795	820
Armenian	20	10	10	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	8,435	4,040	4,400	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	10	5	10	190	80	105
Latvian	10	0	5	75	40	40
Lithuanian	5	5	0	115	40	70
Slavic languages	8,425	4,030	4,390	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Bosnian	285	145	140	965	475	495
Bulgarian	60	35	30	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	280	125	160	1,015	475	545
Czech	90	45	50	460	220	240
Macedonian	75	35	40	130	65	65
Polish	1,720	770	955	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	3,610	1,795	1,810	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	330	170	165	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	85	40	50	960	470	490
Slovak	65	35	30	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	20	35	225	95	135
Ukrainian	1,750	830	920	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	40	15	25
Celtic languages	5	5	5	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	5	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	1,660	745	915	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	50	25	25	15	10	10
Danish	10	5	0	50	25	25
Dutch	70	30	35	375	170	205
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,495	670	830	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	10	5	5	30	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Swedish	5	0	0	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	70	35	40
Yiddish	10	5	5	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Greek	495	225	265	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	20,635	10,750	9,885	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	18,910	9,925	8,985	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	660	375	290	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	1,315	670	640	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	1,200	645	560	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	5	0	5	5	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0	30	15	15
Marathi	30	15	10	80	40	40
Nepali	535	260	275	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,105	6,845	6,260	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	25	10	15	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	335	180	160	365	185	180
Urdu	1,700	925	770	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	1,680	800	880	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	260	130	130	510	280	235
Pashto	155	65	85	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	1,270	605	660	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	7,140	3,365	3,770	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	0	0	0	110	50	60
Italian	990	420	565	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	2,620	1,215	1,400	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	210	100	115	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	3,320	1,625	1,695	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	155	65	95	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	5	0	5	70	35	35
Georgian	10	5	5	70	40	35
Korean	2,535	1,235	1,305	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	145	70	75
Mongolian	5	0	0	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	1,275	635	645	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	45	30	15	445	215	235
Bamanankan	10	5	10	265	135	125
Edo	5	0	5	10	5	5
Ewe	10	5	5	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	530	255	280
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ganda	5	0	0	5	5	5
Igbo	70	35	35	15	10	10
Lingala	45	25	20	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	50	50	530	225	305
Shona	5	0	5	20	10	10
Swahili	465	225	245	1,100	535	565
Wolof	25	20	10	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	285	145	140	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	40	70	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	125	60	70	135	70	65
Dinka	75	30	40	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	130	65	65
Sign languages	395	215	175	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	200	110	85	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	200	110	90	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,105	6,005	6,100	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	11,655	5,780	5,880	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	4,060	1,905	2,150	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	25	15	10	155	75	80
Mandarin	6,875	3,490	3,380	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	5	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	125	60	65	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	30	35	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	505	275	230	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	445	225	220	215	115	100
Burmese	55	30	20	35	15	20
Karenic languages	355	180	170	65	40	30
Tibetan	5	5	0	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	490	230	265	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	400	195	205	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	95	30	55	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	125	60	60	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	100	50	55
Turkish	60	30	30	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	0	0	0	140	75	70
Uzbek	35	20	15	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	65	30	35
Uralic languages	255	120	140	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Finnish	20	10	5	50	20	30
Hungarian	235	105	130	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	150	90	60
Multiple responses	49,290	23,745	25,545	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	2,040	940	1,095	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	46,115	22,255	23,855	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	350	175	175	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	785	370	415	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	702,760	344,190	358,570	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	595,210	293,180	302,025	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	45,710	22,330	23,385	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	11,870	5,185	6,685	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	47,975	22,515	25,460	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	2,330	915	1,415	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	45,645	21,595	24,050	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	250	125	125	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	1,170	590	580	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	565	255	310	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	15	10	5	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	577,150	280,265	296,885	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	549,305	266,130	283,175	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,088	40,357	30,780	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	549,400	266,140	283,255	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,051	35,024	27,748	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	497,730	245,895	251,835	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,589	39,363	28,450	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	405,565	176,400	229,170	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,364	1,406	4,642	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	416,465	212,565	203,900	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,865	39,679	30,563	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	577,155	280,345	296,815	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,275	266,230	283,045	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,344	52,770	38,359	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,395	266,250	283,150	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,992	42,085	32,203	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	497,905	246,155	251,755	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,542	52,754	36,513	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	405,760	176,395	229,365	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,725	6,029	7,260	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	416,510	212,500	204,010	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,237	51,229	36,953	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	577,150	280,345	296,815	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	202,015	112,475	89,545	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	51,117	55,667	46,276	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,737	68,372	53,404	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.0	92.4	84.6	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.0	77.6	69.5	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.0	7.6	15.4	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	577,150	280,265	296,885	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	27,845	14,135	13,715	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	549,305	266,130	283,175	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.0	95.4	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	76,720	35,110	41,610	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	83,380	32,965	50,415	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	77,620	31,370	46,250	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	72,155	32,400	39,760	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	64,030	30,540	33,490	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	48,130	26,080	22,050	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	34,715	20,075	14,640	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	25,370	14,930	10,445	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	20,065	11,495	8,570	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	12,810	7,525	5,285	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	34,305	23,645	10,665	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	23,700	15,865	7,835	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	10,605	7,780	2,830	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	577,150	280,265	296,885	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	27,745	14,120	13,625	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	549,400	266,145	283,255	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.0	95.4	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	79,215	35,625	43,585	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	90,200	35,970	54,225	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	95,385	39,970	55,405	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	90,090	41,925	48,170	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	68,620	36,105	32,515	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	46,095	26,675	19,420	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	31,200	18,015	13,190	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	18,340	10,915	7,420	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	30,265	20,940	9,325	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	10,335	6,755	3,580	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	5,895	4,055	1,845	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	14,035	10,135	3,900	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	577,145	280,265	296,885	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	160,685	67,695	92,985	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	416,465	212,565	203,900	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	72.2	75.8	68.7	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	46,830	22,020	24,810	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	29,920	13,075	16,845	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	53,915	23,950	29,965	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	52,140	23,540	28,595	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	52,110	24,475	27,635	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	46,075	22,720	23,345	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	35,700	20,175	15,530	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	26,135	15,435	10,700	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	20,090	12,030	8,060	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	53,555	35,145	18,415	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	16,805	9,605	7,200	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	10,290	6,330	3,955	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	26,460	19,200	7,260	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	283,455	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,725	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,246	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	84,910	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,441	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,660	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	198,545	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,869	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,355	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	283,425	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	87,876	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	71,705	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	84,890	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,681	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,499	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	198,535	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	105,919	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,332	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	283,455	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	5,605	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5,160	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,850	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,770	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	11,990	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,665	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,600	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,450	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,500	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,320	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	23,450	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	22,100	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	19,895	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	18,265	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,645	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	85,180	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30,280	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20,100	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20,375	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	14,425	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	283,455	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	5,850	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5,245	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,080	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,450	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,850	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,870	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,800	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,570	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,125	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,750	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	28,165	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,465	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,215	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	18,490	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,330	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	58,205	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	26,875	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	14,615	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,715	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	189,520	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,176	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,506	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	65,950	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,961	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,618	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	84,585	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,680	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,869	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	32,170	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,645	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,866	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	189,505	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,884	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,917	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	65,875	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	102,605	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,708	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	84,810	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,434	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,577	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	32,050	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,650	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,873	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	113,235	55,025	58,210	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,516	35,047	32,292	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,833	30,728	29,111	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	112,970	54,810	58,165	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,170	42,922	39,519	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,095	34,936	33,303	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	696,500	341,550	354,955	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	369,410	176,625	192,780	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	78,420	38,435	39,985	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	68,505	30,955	37,555	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	72,540	34,190	38,350	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	74,515	36,155	38,360	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	75,425	36,890	38,540	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	327,090	164,920	162,170	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	74,205	36,895	37,310	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	72,340	36,290	36,055	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	68,415	34,450	33,970	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	62,300	31,695	30,605	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	49,830	25,595	24,230	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	696,500	341,545	354,950	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	144,640	74,425	70,215	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	47,240	24,325	22,915	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	450,740	222,490	228,245	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	101,125	44,630	56,495	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	109,745	51,730	58,020	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	33,015	16,970	16,045	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	12,020	6,225	5,795	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	64,580	30,550	34,030	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	12,150	4,210	7,940	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.8	15.1	16.3	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	22.8	22.8	22.9	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	25.4	25.6	25.3	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.3	13.7	14.9	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	12.0	9.4	14.1	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	92,160	44,420	47,745	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	25,945	13,295	12,650	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	9,585	4,935	4,655	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	58,445	28,420	30,030	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	7,775	2,705	5,065	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.2	13.0	13.5	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	17.9	17.9	18.0	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	20.3	20.3	20.3	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	12.8	13.2	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	7.7	6.1	9.0	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	696,475	341,620	354,855	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	685,500	336,820	348,680	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	684,625	336,420	348,205	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	70,370	31,370	39,000	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	222,165	106,505	115,655	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	5,645	2,240	3,405	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	5,395	2,145	3,255	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,865	745	1,125	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	10	0	0	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	35	10	25	260	130	130
Plains Cree	105	50	55	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	495	220	280	15	0	10
Woods Cree	55	25	30	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	1,175	440	735	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	3,690	1,460	2,225	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	2,580	1,035	1,545	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	1,105	420	680	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	75	15	60	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	75	10	60	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	75	15	60	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	55	25	30	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	40	15	25	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	65	35	30	30	15	10
Salish languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Dakota	35	20	15	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	216,585	104,300	112,290	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	14,595	7,635	6,960	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	75	40	40	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	45	25	25	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	2,215	1,140	1,075	1,550	745	805
Bilen	145	80	65	35	20	10
Oromo	530	270	260	45	30	10
Somali	1,530	785	745	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	12,635	6,660	5,975	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	2,180	1,175	1,005	1,145	540	600
Arabic	6,085	3,275	2,810	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,235	1,650	1,585	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	40	15	30	40	10	25
Tigrigna	2,125	1,105	1,015	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	125	60	70	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,010	2,430	2,580	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	320	180	140	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	4,700	2,265	2,435	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	59,340	27,340	32,000	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	200	95	110	105	45	60
Cebuano	1,205	600	605	1,105	360	750
Fijian	10	0	10	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	395	160	230	540	195	350
Ilocano	1,810	860	950	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	315	160	155	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	910	400	510	195	95	100
Pangasinan	210	95	105	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	58,425	26,870	31,555	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	100	50	50	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	140	60	85	540	270	275
Creole languages	965	440	525	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	415	210	200	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	555	245	315	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	1,285	605	675	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	160	90	70	415	210	205
Malayalam	480	190	290	510	285	220
Tamil	555	270	285	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	175	95	80	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	105,295	51,215	54,080	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	375	195	185	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	55	45	10	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	25,275	11,755	13,520	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	160	85	80	1,080	500	585
Latvian	65	35	35	335	150	185
Lithuanian	100	55	45	755	350	410
Slavic languages	25,150	11,700	13,450	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	65	25	40	365	150	215
Bosnian	810	400	410	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	135	80	55	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	1,380	650	725	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	545	245	300	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	125	70	55	285	140	145
Polish	6,185	2,890	3,295	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	7,750	3,825	3,920	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	810	435	370	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	180	65	115	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	350	150	200	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	260	95	165	970	490	480
Ukrainian	9,830	4,275	5,555	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	150	75	75
Celtic languages	95	60	40	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	65	45	15	155	95	65
Welsh	10	10	0	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	265	175	95
Germanic languages	19,650	8,950	10,700	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	270	125	150	415	260	150
Danish	160	60	100	835	410	420
Dutch	1,420	690	735	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	35	20	15	15	10	0
German	16,890	7,755	9,130	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	205	60	145	140	80	60
Norwegian	150	60	90	510	255	255
Swedish	175	55	115	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	100	35	60	760	265	495
Yiddish	540	230	310	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	270	125	140
Greek	1,815	925	885	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	34,895	18,410	16,485	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	32,140	17,025	15,120	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	1,435	840	590	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	2,745	1,435	1,305	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	11,165	5,975	5,190	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	20	15	0	45	35	15
Konkani	30	25	10	150	70	75
Marathi	215	125	90	475	240	230
Nepali	600	280	320	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	20	15	10	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	21,365	11,215	10,150	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	140	80	55	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	880	470	405	1,335	625	710
Urdu	4,170	2,355	1,815	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	2,850	1,425	1,430	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	570	280	290	1,255	665	590
Pashto	270	120	145	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	2,160	1,110	1,055	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	110	90	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	25,595	12,060	13,530	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	15	10	10	890	525	365
Italian	4,785	2,310	2,475	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	7,400	3,550	3,850	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	680	350	330	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	13,450	6,200	7,245	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	40	10	490	345	145
Japanese	1,010	470	535	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	15	0	10	220	110	110
Georgian	10	0	15	215	105	110
Korean	3,705	1,815	1,885	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	50	20	30	270	135	130
Mongolian	50	20	30	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	7,255	3,695	3,555	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	210	130	80	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	150	90	60	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	95	60	30	190	95	95
Ewe	45	25	25	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	20	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	15	10	10	315	155	160
Ganda	175	80	100	90	40	55
Igbo	620	310	310	275	190	90
Lingala	645	305	340	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	195	90	100	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	155	155	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	195	80	115	150	75	80
Swahili	1,815	965	855	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	150	80	70	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	2,365	1,185	1,180	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,230	630	605	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	405	225	185	695	345	350
Dinka	185	100	80	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	125	105	695	345	350
Sign languages	1,940	735	1,210	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	1,305	505	805	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	650	240	410	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,730	9,305	9,430	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	18,080	9,005	9,075	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	7,705	3,630	4,075	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	40	25	15	545	240	310
Mandarin	11,185	5,650	5,535	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	440	205	235	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	150	85	60	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	815	450	370	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	665	300	365	430	235	195
Burmese	180	115	70	140	75	60
Karenic languages	460	200	265	105	55	45
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	135	60	75	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	1,390	640	750	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	1,025	475	550	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	485	225	260	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	15	10	10
Turkic languages	435	220	215	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	55	30	25	510	275	235
Turkish	310	160	150	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	30	15	15	230	110	120
Uzbek	15	0	10	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	235	115	120
Uralic languages	1,175	545	630	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	50	20	30	150	55	95
Finnish	130	55	80	500	195	305
Hungarian	995	475	525	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	375	245	130	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	696,475	341,620	354,855	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	615,965	301,080	314,885	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	128,635	66,000	62,640	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	487,330	235,085	252,250	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	80,510	40,540	39,965	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	696,475	341,620	354,855	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	506,430	248,520	257,915	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	176,735	85,770	90,970	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	38,230	17,605	20,625	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	16,220	8,215	8,015	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	17,930	8,620	9,310	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	52,455	25,845	26,615	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	16,005	7,820	8,185	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	36,460	18,025	18,430	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	51,890	25,485	26,405	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	13,310	7,335	5,970	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	176,735	85,765	90,970	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	17,950	9,050	8,895	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	33,075	16,860	16,210	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	34,980	16,190	18,790	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	76,020	36,545	39,480	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	14,710	7,115	7,595	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	176,735	85,770	90,970	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	16,295	7,720	8,580	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	395	155	240	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	535	245	295	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	1,485	800	695	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	1,065	480	590	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	75	40	35	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	1,580	730	850	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	730	365	365	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	190	85	110	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	1,410	730	675	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,130	1,910	2,225	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	4,690	2,175	2,510	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	37,060	17,840	19,225	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,020	510	505	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	875	385	485	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	470	245	225	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	4,075	1,915	2,165	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	775	420	350	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	675	345	325	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	405	180	220	820	485	330
Italy	2,515	1,290	1,225	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	1,025	545	485	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	4,360	2,020	2,345	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	3,885	1,915	1,970	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	635	320	320	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	1,980	920	1,055	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	325	170	155	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	3,680	1,720	1,965	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,935	3,305	3,635	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	3,415	1,630	1,790	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	15,930	8,310	7,615	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	105	50	50	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	895	480	405	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	2,210	1,170	1,040	995	495	495
Kenya	895	440	455	785	355	430
Morocco	220	115	110	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	3,490	1,880	1,605	1,340	740	600
Somalia	750	340	405	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	525	235	295	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	6,845	3,595	3,250	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	107,000	51,695	55,310	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	605	280	325	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	845	460	385	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,555	3,630	3,920	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,375	655	715	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	19,260	9,935	9,325	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,080	600	485	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	835	445	390	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	180	50	125	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,570	1,260	1,315	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	225	145	80	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	2,840	1,535	1,305	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	56,885	26,465	30,415	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	970	490	480	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	695	325	370	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	185	95	95	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	4,085	1,960	2,125	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	6,810	3,360	3,455	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	455	210	245	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	51,890	25,485	26,405	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	1,940	880	1,060	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	95	35	65	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	80	25	55	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	55	15	40	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	15	10	10	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	240	130	115	190	140	55
Mexico	240	125	115	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	595	295	300	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	40	15	25	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	570	235	340	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	3,325	1,680	1,640	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	85	35	45	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	95	50	50	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	100	55	40	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	130	75	55	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	65	35	30	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	725	330	395	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	970	470	500	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	300	175	135	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	855	460	395	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	7,105	3,685	3,425	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	25	15	0	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	50	30	15	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	730	355	375	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	95	35	60	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	380	205	180	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	740	400	345	50	30	20
Ethiopia	720	375	340	125	65	60
Morocco	60	30	30	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	2,405	1,290	1,115	540	280	260
Somalia	380	165	220	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	90	30	65	175	115	60
Tunisia	55	40	15	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	1,370	710	660	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	39,395	19,170	20,225	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	60	30	20	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	330	180	155	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,880	1,375	1,500	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	145	80	65	120	35	80
India	9,395	4,860	4,535	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	410	220	190	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	315	170	145	985	465	515
Israel	585	335	255	645	390	255
Japan	50	20	25	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,160	605	555	825	370	455
Lebanon	115	80	40	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	205	65	140	360	165	195
Pakistan	1,415	745	670	1,815	920	895
Philippines	19,580	9,110	10,475	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	310	140	170	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	225	120	100	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	535	260	275	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	20	10	10	170	60	105
Turkey	40	30	10	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	110	55	55	300	160	145
Viet Nam	480	220	260	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	1,030	460	570	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	125	70	50	345	215	135
Australia	70	25	40	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	55	50	10	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	696,475	341,620	354,855	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	193,170	94,595	98,570	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	129,440	63,690	65,750	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	373,865	183,335	190,535	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	141,195	69,470	71,715	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	91,515	45,925	45,590	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	35,485	20,665	14,825	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	56,035	25,265	30,765	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	30,620	13,380	17,240	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	18,670	10,025	8,645	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	385	145	240	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	696,475	341,625	354,855	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	84,615	40,005	44,610	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	83,050	39,185	43,865	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	36,895	16,955	19,940	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	45,870	22,100	23,765	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	285	125	160	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,205	660	540	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	365	160	205	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	611,855	301,620	310,245	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	696,475	341,620	354,855	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	35,080	16,045	19,040	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	661,390	325,575	335,815	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	696,475	341,620	354,855	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	28,555	13,240	15,320	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	27,465	12,730	14,740	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	19,345	8,910	10,440	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	8,060	3,795	4,265	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	60	25	35	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,085	510	575	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,055	495	560	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	15	10	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	10	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	57,860	27,680	30,180	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	54,395	26,065	28,335	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,315	9,230	10,085	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,850	16,725	18,125	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	230	105	125	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	3,465	1,620	1,845	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,315	1,545	1,770	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	35	30	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	35	45	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	610,060	300,700	309,355	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	696,475	341,620	354,855	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	192,960	95,995	96,960	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	37,375	19,660	17,710	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	19,670	9,920	9,750	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	26,930	13,895	13,035	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	73,370	34,865	38,505	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	6,725	3,265	3,455	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	4,570	2,430	2,135	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	7,930	3,815	4,115	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,485	1,305	1,185	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	3,760	1,865	1,890	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	1,520	690	835	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,765	1,380	1,380	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	5,855	2,900	2,960	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	503,520	245,625	257,890	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	696,475	341,620	354,855	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	86,415	40,920	45,500	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	43,135	20,230	22,900	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	475	220	250	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	47,375	22,600	24,770	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	118,415	58,400	60,020	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	435	205	230	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	5,215	2,585	2,620	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	114,110	56,220	57,890	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	130	80	50	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	20	15	10	365	155	215
Ontarian	15	15	0	1,345	660	685
Québécois	225	115	105	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	25	10	15	205	110	100
European origins	447,725	217,670	230,055	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	231,400	112,965	118,435	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	45	20	30	1,440	725	720
Cornish	70	35	30	70	35	40
English	131,840	63,795	68,045	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	88,200	42,075	46,120	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	95	65	30	200	105	95
Scottish	113,125	54,975	58,150	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	10,945	5,250	5,695	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	13,375	6,210	7,165	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	83,720	40,410	43,315	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	20	10	10	1,050	520	525
Breton	60	15	45	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	10	0	0	1,270	690	580
French	83,680	40,385	43,295	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	139,395	67,445	71,950	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	7,580	3,630	3,955	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	10	0	0	40	30	20
Belgian	9,645	4,610	5,030	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	25,630	12,510	13,120	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	510	200	310	1,345	660	685
Frisian	80	50	35	15	20	0
German	107,615	52,125	55,490	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	75	35	40	910	445	460
Swiss	2,785	1,295	1,495	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	130	60	70	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	43,305	20,420	22,885	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	4,375	2,085	2,290	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	2,455	1,130	1,320	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	16,325	7,890	8,430	955	480	470
Norwegian	10,160	4,655	5,500	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	12,440	5,780	6,665	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,570	755	815	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	159,335	76,920	82,410	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	270	155	115	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	635	300	330	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	2,665	1,240	1,425	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	1,200	600	600	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	165	75	95	890	460	435
Hungarian	6,540	3,260	3,280	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	830	385	445	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	1,000	485	515	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	245	130	120	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	53,120	25,385	27,735	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	3,885	1,910	1,975	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	26,155	12,560	13,600	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	1,375	600	775	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	101,770	49,215	52,555	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	705	320	390	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	48,425	23,720	24,705	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	395	215	180	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	955	470	485	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	15	0	15	735	395	340
Croatian	2,295	1,085	1,210	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	30	20	10	480	240	245
Greek	3,335	1,695	1,640	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	18,040	9,065	8,975	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	35	20	15	505	295	210
Macedonian	215	110	105	775	400	370
Maltese	225	110	120	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	35	0	30	450	250	200
Portuguese	12,085	5,965	6,115	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	1,065	575	490	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	205	85	115	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	900	435	465	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	10,450	4,690	5,765	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	790	420	370	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	40	30	300	155	145
Other European origins	8,835	4,440	4,395	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	95	65	30	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	7,320	3,645	3,675	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	105	60	40	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	130	65	60	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,245	630	615	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	9,045	4,515	4,530	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	65	20	40	380	170	205
Bahamian	60	30	30	430	205	225
Barbadian	650	340	310	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	35	25	10	115	50	65
Carib	65	30	40	405	150	255
Cuban	225	105	125	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	245	130	115	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	145	75	70	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	130	45	85	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	3,805	1,880	1,925	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	0	360	200	160
Martinican	0	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	10	0	0	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	60	20	40	530	270	255
St. Lucian	35	20	10	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,000	1,060	945	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	160	75	85	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,290	600	690	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	580	310	265	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	11,075	5,415	5,660	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	495	270	230	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	10	0	10	180	60	120
Argentinian	445	220	230	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	20	0	10	80	40	40
Bolivian	45	10	35	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	720	315	405	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	1,260	590	670	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	825	400	430	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	60	35	25	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	80	50	30	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	455	210	245	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	1,310	655	650	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	310	130	180	1,155	570	585
Honduran	70	40	30	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	135	95	40	1,670	935	735
Mexican	1,735	815	915	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	300	150	145	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	40	10	35	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	495	285	210	365	155	205
Peruvian	265	100	170	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	1,675	890	790	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	35	10	20	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	180	70	115	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	720	370	355	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	25,390	13,135	12,255	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	8,030	4,210	3,825	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	30	10	20	630	325	310
Angolan	15	10	0	875	425	450
Ashanti	25	10	15	120	90	35
Beninese	50	45	0	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	15	10	10	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	140	75	70	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	10	10	0	1,045	525	520
Congolese	1,545	770	775	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	125	80	45	110	60	45
Ewe	15	0	10	460	265	200
Gabonese	25	20	0	1,165	545	620
Gambian	10	10	0	150	95	55
Ghanaian	350	195	155	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	65	20	45	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	415	195	220	185	95	95
Ivorian	120	45	80	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	50	15	30	150	60	90
Malian	140	85	55	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	35	25	10	635	340	295
Nigerian	3,435	1,870	1,565	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	25	10	10	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	110	70	45	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	310	150	165	110	55	55
Togolese	110	55	55	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	20	15	10	660	390	270
Yoruba	995	510	490	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	495	230	265	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	3,235	1,715	1,520	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	95	40	55	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	130	80	55	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	75	35	35	685	385	305
Dinka	35	20	10	15	10	10
Egyptian	1,160	615	545	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	300	140	160	1,075	590	485
Maure	75	45	25	530	290	240
Moroccan	300	145	150	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	1,030	545	480	370	220	150
Tunisian	85	55	30	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	65	35	30	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	9,200	4,760	4,435	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	35	25	0	115	75	40
Amhara	115	80	35	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	150	85	65	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	215	105	115	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	40	30	15	450	205	245
Eritrean	2,175	1,165	1,015	580	290	290
Ethiopian	2,520	1,275	1,245	1,575	785	785
Harari	10	0	10	20	10	10
Kenyan	285	140	145	530	270	260
Malagasy	0	0	0	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	100	55	50	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	315	185	130	20	15	10
Rwandan	295	140	155	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	30	10	20	775	345	425
Somali	1,715	890	825	1,785	865	915
South African	390	180	210	900	490	420
Tanzanian	80	55	30	325	190	140
Tigrian	315	195	120	95	35	55
Ugandan	170	85	90	290	135	160
Zambian	190	90	100	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	265	125	140	300	150	145
Zulu	25	15	10	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	425	220	205	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	5,540	2,775	2,760	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	655	340	310	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	4,965	2,460	2,500	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	159,715	79,155	80,560	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,790	5,035	4,755	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	1,005	480	530	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,535	835	700	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	345	170	175	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	30	20	15	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	55	35	25	555	295	255
Georgian	105	55	45	635	295	345
Hazara	0	0	0	385	190	200
Iranian	1,625	865	760	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	910	475	435	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	735	385	350	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	210	90	120	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	40	20	15	620	295	325
Kurd	300	145	160	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	45	20	25	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	35	20	15	260	140	120
Lebanese	985	495	490	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	550	295	255	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	50	25	25	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	125	65	50	645	390	255
Syrian	905	445	460	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	45	20	25	390	180	210
Tatar	145	70	70	910	430	485
Turk	540	250	290	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	0	0	0	65	45	25
Uighur	15	0	0	375	185	190
Uzbek	60	35	20	465	210	255
Yemeni	100	45	55	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	220	125	95	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	38,135	20,005	18,130	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	855	490	365	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	190	115	75	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	145	55	85	420	205	215
East Indian	30,215	15,785	14,430	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	50	25	30	210	105	110
Gujarati	155	80	70	420	205	215
Kashmiri	15	10	0	260	155	105
Nepali	490	240	250	930	460	470
Pakistani	2,965	1,610	1,350	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	3,445	1,795	1,650	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	250	125	130	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	1,030	515	515	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	235	135	100	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	665	390	280	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	112,210	54,265	57,945	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	245	120	130	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	500	270	230	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	26,460	13,160	13,305	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	76,680	36,635	40,050	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	420	215	200	1,320	570	755
Japanese	2,230	1,025	1,195	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	450	200	250	95	55	40
Korean	3,910	1,960	1,945	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	1,565	730	830	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	425	220	210	645	300	340
Mongolian	125	50	75	960	470	485
Singaporean	10	0	0	105	65	40
Taiwanese	120	75	40	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	610	270	340	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	10	10	0	80	45	30
Vietnamese	5,540	2,735	2,805	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	145	65	85	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	450	225	220	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	450	225	220	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	945	445	505	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	620	275	350	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	175	95	85	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	195	105	90	785	410	380
Fijian	10	0	0	70	25	40
Hawaiian	55	35	25	60	40	20
Maori	55	30	25	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	50	35	15	290	145	145
Samoan	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	35	15	25	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	283,425	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	184,700	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	98,725	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	283,430	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	24,445	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	258,980	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	283,425	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	3,025	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	47,910	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	73,770	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	96,965	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	61,750	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	283,430	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,535	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	46,010	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	43,045	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	35,735	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	66,100	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	283,425	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	274,305	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,120	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	283,425	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	262,470	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	20,955	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	283,425	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	97,375	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	93,975	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	36,745	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	18,375	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,940	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	12,545	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	15,475	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	283,430	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	261,330	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,095	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	283,430	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	165,470	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	110,385	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	7,570	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	283,425	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	9,590	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	44,855	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,805	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	55,835	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	54,790	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	37,640	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	21,145	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	8,760	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	282,620	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	221,175	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	61,440	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	52,315	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	184,695	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.8	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.2	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,077	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,162	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,070	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	320,103	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	98,725	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	18.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	39.6	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	914	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	938	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	577,155	280,340	296,815	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,550	48,855	48,690	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	172,490	86,390	86,105	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	307,110	145,090	162,015	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,730	25,920	11,805	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	19,475	11,370	8,105	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,255	14,550	3,705	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	102,905	43,930	58,975	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,040	6,670	9,370	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	150,440	68,575	81,870	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	106,005	46,790	59,215	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,565	5,065	6,505	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,810	2,745	2,065	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	23,265	10,955	12,310	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,795	3,020	1,775	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	382,175	187,765	194,410	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	38,480	21,530	16,950	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	101,280	52,900	48,380	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	242,415	113,335	129,080	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25,885	17,935	7,945	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	13,450	8,035	5,415	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	12,440	9,905	2,535	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	80,035	34,890	45,145	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,010	5,030	6,980	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	124,485	55,480	69,010	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	88,475	38,735	49,735	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,850	3,760	5,090	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,000	2,130	1,865	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	19,590	8,760	10,830	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,570	2,095	1,480	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	577,155	280,340	296,815	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	270,045	135,250	134,795	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	25,715	6,980	18,735	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	25,715	6,975	18,740	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,945	4,760	5,180	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,680	1,290	395	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	8,260	3,475	4,790	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	16,100	6,825	9,270	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,485	335	1,150	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	3,195	900	2,295	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,050	2,125	2,930	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	45	20	30	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,090	670	415	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,070	1,210	865	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	2,580	1,410	1,170	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	570	155	425	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	34,420	12,510	21,900	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	605	150	455	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,510	980	1,530	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,645	565	6,080	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	5,205	1,925	3,285	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	725	205	520	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	6,300	1,875	4,425	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	12,430	6,815	5,615	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	64,720	26,025	38,690	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	225	70	150	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,655	1,250	3,400	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	59,845	24,705	35,135	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,390	6,295	6,095	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,255	2,355	2,900	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,305	1,770	1,535	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	370	65	305	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	2,840	1,960	880	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	625	150	475	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	14,795	9,450	5,345	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,275	8,335	3,940	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	825	145	685	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,590	905	685	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	100	65	40	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	55,315	50,225	5,090	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	2,045	1,170	875	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	13,190	10,980	2,210	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,075	10,005	1,070	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	10,330	10,155	175	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,830	12,375	460	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	5,835	5,545	295	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,135	3,145	1,990	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,445	2,180	1,265	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,690	960	725	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	53,255	11,695	41,560	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,675	1,275	1,395	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	49,010	9,465	39,550	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,570	950	620	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,300	7,170	8,135	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	9,615	2,580	7,035	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	50	0	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	120	125	0	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	2,400	1,570	830	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,115	2,850	265	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	30	15	15	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	15	15	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	382,175	187,765	194,410	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	139,755	74,425	65,330	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	18,480	4,745	13,740	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	18,485	4,745	13,740	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,975	3,820	4,160	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,315	975	340	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	6,665	2,840	3,825	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	12,370	5,230	7,140	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,270	290	980	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	2,455	690	1,765	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,970	1,725	2,245	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	20	25	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	865	515	350	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,530	885	645	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	1,810	990	820	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	425	115	305	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	28,045	9,815	18,225	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	505	130	375	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,095	800	1,295	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,340	405	4,930	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	4,400	1,445	2,955	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	635	185	450	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	4,880	1,355	3,525	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	10,200	5,500	4,700	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	52,215	20,885	31,330	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	190	70	125	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,655	890	2,770	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,365	19,930	28,440	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,460	4,635	4,825	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,190	1,800	2,390	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,340	1,270	1,070	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	340	55	280	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	2,165	1,415	750	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	430	95	340	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,790	8,280	4,510	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,960	7,465	3,495	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	540	115	425	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,210	660	550	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	85	45	40	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	42,750	38,365	4,385	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	1,720	990	730	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	11,295	9,290	2,005	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	8,750	7,815	930	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	7,335	7,190	145	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,480	9,150	325	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	4,180	3,925	250	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,065	2,410	1,660	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,635	1,610	1,020	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,435	795	635	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	42,865	9,660	33,205	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,170	1,065	1,110	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	39,455	7,890	31,565	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,240	705	535	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,365	5,475	5,890	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	6,895	1,865	5,035	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	10	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	1,915	1,265	650	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,450	2,250	200	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	20	10	10	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	10	10	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	577,155	280,340	296,810	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	270,045	135,250	134,790	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	307,115	145,090	162,020	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	242,340	113,565	128,770	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	213,155	99,020	114,140	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	29,180	14,550	14,630	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	64,775	31,525	33,245	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,065	3,235	2,835	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	23,695	10,380	13,310	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	8,850	4,520	4,335	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,715	1,580	1,140	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,505	1,150	1,360	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	325	190	135	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	20,610	10,480	10,135	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	382,175	187,765	194,410	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	139,760	74,425	65,330	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	242,415	113,340	129,080	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	187,230	87,045	100,185	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	164,830	75,995	88,830	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	22,395	11,045	11,350	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	55,185	26,290	28,890	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,100	2,000	2,100	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	21,910	9,630	12,280	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	8,030	4,055	3,975	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,530	895	640	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,295	1,035	1,260	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	275	155	120	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	17,040	8,520	8,520	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	577,155	280,340	296,815	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	386,880	199,530	187,355	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	361,715	185,640	176,075	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	25,170	13,890	11,280	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	190,275	80,810	109,460	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	67.0	71.2	63.1	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	62.7	66.2	59.3	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	6.5	7.0	6.0	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	577,150	280,340	296,815	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	178,795	75,610	103,180	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	398,360	204,730	193,630	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	205,780	115,010	90,770	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	192,580	89,715	102,860	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.6	42.5	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	386,880	199,530	187,355	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,695	3,620	4,075	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	379,180	195,905	183,275	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	349,025	176,760	172,265	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	30,160	19,145	11,010	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	386,880	199,525	187,355	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,700	3,625	4,075	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	379,180	195,905	183,280	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	35,660	21,555	14,105	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	61,985	19,715	42,270	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	24,590	19,485	5,100	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	32,540	7,815	24,725	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	51,180	17,210	33,970	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,625	4,775	5,845	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	91,350	41,780	49,575	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	50,360	47,860	2,495	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,670	3,025	645	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,225	12,685	4,540	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	386,880	199,530	187,350	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,700	3,620	4,075	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	379,185	195,910	183,275	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,350	1,525	820	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	630	505	130	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	3,695	2,660	1,040	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	23,830	21,220	2,610	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	33,105	24,560	8,550	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	13,705	9,800	3,910	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	42,210	20,745	21,470	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	21,495	17,085	4,410	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	8,025	4,650	3,375	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	18,340	7,395	10,945	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,740	3,270	2,470	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20,775	11,305	9,470	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	515	210	295	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,250	8,925	6,325	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	32,110	10,975	21,130	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	56,370	12,710	43,665	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	8,575	4,445	4,130	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	28,740	12,410	16,330	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,475	7,480	8,995	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	27,240	14,030	13,215	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	361,710	185,640	176,075	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	15,025	7,455	7,570	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	1,295	850	440	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	35,335	26,385	8,950	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	310,055	150,940	159,110	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	310,055	150,945	159,110	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,065	137,275	150,790	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,850	1,055	795	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	18,910	11,845	7,065	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	1,225	765	465	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	345,390	177,330	168,060	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	242,510	135,845	106,665	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25,355	7,520	17,835	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	51,045	20,525	30,520	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	16,715	7,275	9,440	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	6,200	4,270	1,930	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	3,570	1,895	1,675	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	345,395	177,330	168,065	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	77,980	36,130	41,850	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	150,690	78,450	72,245	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	81,880	44,365	37,510	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	21,125	11,090	10,040	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	13,710	7,290	6,415	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	345,390	177,330	168,060	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,740	10,285	4,455	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	59,875	36,015	23,865	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	102,195	51,675	50,515	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	71,045	30,380	40,660	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35,070	15,440	19,635	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	62,460	33,530	28,930	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	411,310	210,850	200,460	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	405,715	208,010	197,710	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	401,790	205,880	195,915	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	397,820	204,565	193,255	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	3,970	1,310	2,660	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	3,925	2,130	1,800	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	75	35	45	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	75	35	40	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	15	10	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	20	30	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	15	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,855	2,100	1,755	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	150	130	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	255	140	110	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	20	0	15	0	0	0
Arabic	95	65	35	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	50	65	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	25	25	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	40	100	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	135	35	100	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	430	205	220	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	420	195	220	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	1,475	885	590	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	10	10	10	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	325	155	170	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	325	160	165	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	50	35	20	170	65	105
Russian	170	85	80	735	340	395
Serbian	10	0	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	90	25	65	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	35	15	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	35	15	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	10	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	705	465	245	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	645	430	215	680	390	295
Bengali	15	10	15	110	70	35
Gujarati	0	0	10	20	0	10
Hindi	30	35	0	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	390	195	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	10	85	50	35
Iranian languages	60	35	30	700	395	305
Kurdish	0	10	0	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	55	30	25	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	380	220	155	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	10	0	0	590	315	275
Portuguese	305	195	110	635	365	270
Romanian	0	0	0	320	140	175
Spanish	65	20	45	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	275	140	135	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	180	70	115	205	60	140
American Sign Language	135	55	80	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	15	35	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,035	585	450	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	1,030	580	445	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	635	350	285	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	385	225	160	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	10	0	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	110	40	75
Lao	10	0	0	55	25	30
Thai	0	0	0	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	5,590	2,845	2,750	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	1,665	730	935	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	3,880	2,100	1,785	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	10	10	10	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	35	10	25	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	411,310	210,850	200,460	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	384,995	198,670	186,320	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	4,525	1,775	2,745	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	8,545	3,585	4,955	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	12,960	6,665	6,300	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	375	140	235	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	12,590	6,525	6,060	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	10	0	10	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	40	30	10	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	240	115	125	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	688,835	337,695	351,135	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	588,375	287,800	300,580	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	100,450	49,895	50,560	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	75,275	37,285	37,995	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	25,175	12,610	12,565	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	13,135	6,660	6,470	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	6,945	3,375	3,570	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	6,190	3,285	2,910	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	12,040	5,945	6,095	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	657,275	321,250	336,025	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	385,425	187,550	197,875	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	271,845	133,695	138,150	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	183,480	89,835	93,645	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	88,365	43,865	44,500	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	35,615	17,520	18,095	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	19,125	9,240	9,885	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	16,490	8,280	8,215	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	52,750	26,345	26,410	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 22, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba and Quebec [Province]