Census Profile, 2016 Census
Abbotsford [Population centre], British Columbia and Tingwick, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Abbotsford British Columbia [Population centre]			Tingwick, MÉ Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Abbotsford [Population centre], British Columbia Map : Abbotsford [Population centre], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Tingwick, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	121,279	...	...	1,410	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	115,011 ^r	...	...	1,395	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.4	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	45,281	...	...	748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	43,007	...	...	607	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,770.5	...	...	8.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	68.50	...	...	169.66	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	121,285	59,325	61,955	1,410	750	660
0 to 14 years	22,020	11,320	10,705	235	115	120
0 to 4 years	7,190	3,675	3,510	90	35	50
5 to 9 years	7,590	3,890	3,700	75	45	35
10 to 14 years	7,240	3,750	3,490	75	40	35
15 to 64 years	78,125	38,535	39,585	920	500	420
15 to 19 years	7,520	3,870	3,655	65	40	30
20 to 24 years	7,905	4,045	3,860	85	40	45
25 to 29 years	8,115	4,050	4,065	80	40	35
30 to 34 years	8,460	4,170	4,290	65	35	35
35 to 39 years	7,855	3,850	4,000	95	45	50
40 to 44 years	7,545	3,640	3,905	65	35	30
45 to 49 years	7,725	3,770	3,950	85	45	40
50 to 54 years	7,770	3,890	3,875	150	80	65
55 to 59 years	7,930	3,810	4,120	125	75	45
60 to 64 years	7,295	3,430	3,865	110	65	50
65 years and over	21,140	9,475	11,670	250	135	120
65 to 69 years	6,665	3,050	3,615	85	45	35
70 to 74 years	4,865	2,335	2,530	80	45	40
75 to 79 years	3,660	1,665	1,995	45	20	20
80 to 84 years	2,775	1,275	1,500	30	15	15
85 years and over	3,175	1,140	2,030	10	5	5
85 to 89 years	1,925	760	1,165	10	5	5
90 to 94 years	950	305	645	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	265	75	185	0	0	0
100 years and over	40	10	30	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.2	19.1	17.3	16.7	15.3	18.2
15 to 64 years	64.4	65.0	63.9	65.2	66.7	63.6
65 years and over	17.4	16.0	18.8	17.7	18.0	18.2
85 years and over	2.6	1.9	3.3	0.7	0.7	0.8
Average age of the population	40.2	39.1	41.2	42.3	43.2	41.4
Median age of the population	39.2	37.8	40.5	46.1	47.8	44.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	43,010	...	...	605	...	...
Single-detached house	14,970	...	...	560	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,000	...	...	5	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	26,810	...	...	40	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,250	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	4,040	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,170	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,290	...	...	15	...	...
Other single-attached house	55	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	225	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	43,005	...	...	605	...	...
1 person	10,895	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	13,615	...	...	250	...	...
3 persons	5,970	...	...	85	...	...
4 persons	6,095	...	...	65	...	...
5 or more persons	6,435	...	...	40	...	...
Number of persons in private households	118,650	...	...	1,410	...	...
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	99,265	48,010	51,255	1,175	635	540
Married or living common law	59,585	29,885	29,700	785	390	390
Married	53,600	26,915	26,685	395	200	195
Living common law	5,985	2,975	3,015	380	190	195
Not married and not living common law	39,680	18,125	21,555	390	240	150
Never married	24,705	13,310	11,395	275	180	95
Separated	2,825	1,210	1,615	10	10	5
Divorced	6,095	2,320	3,770	55	40	20
Widowed	6,060	1,280	4,775	45	15	35
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	33,630	...	...	425	...	...
2 persons	16,270	...	...	240	...	...
3 persons	6,755	...	...	85	...	...
4 persons	7,175	...	...	65	...	...
5 or more persons	3,440	...	...	40	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	33,630	...	...	425	...	...
Total couple families	28,585	...	...	385	...	...
Married couples	25,590	...	...	190	...	...
Common-law couples	2,995	...	...	190	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	5,050	...	...	40	...	...
Female parent	4,030	...	...	20	...	...
Male parent	1,015	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	28,585	...	...	385	...	...
Couples without children	13,355	...	...	215	...	...
Couples with children	15,230	...	...	175	...	...
1 child	5,225	...	...	70	...	...
2 children	6,730	...	...	60	...	...
3 or more children	3,280	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	5,050	...	...	40	...	...
1 child	2,915	...	...	25	...	...
2 children	1,525	...	...	10	...	...
3 or more children	605	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,770	8,515	10,255	210	145	70
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	43,010	...	...	610	...	...
One-census-family households	27,765	...	...	420	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	10,905	...	...	210	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	16,860	...	...	210	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,765	...	...	5	...	...
Non-census-family households	12,475	...	...	185	...	...
One-person households	10,895	...	...	165	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,585	...	...	15	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	119,265	58,220	61,045	1,410	750	660
English only	106,635	52,685	53,955	5	0	0
French only	30	15	15	1,030	525	500
English and French	5,425	2,390	3,030	370	220	155
Neither English nor French	7,175	3,135	4,045	5	5	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	119,265	58,220	61,045	1,410	750	660
English	110,920	54,510	56,415	20	10	10
French	840	425	415	1,380	735	645
English and French	405	190	215	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	7,100	3,095	4,005	5	10	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,045	520	525	20	10	15
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.9	0.9	0.9	1.4	1.3	2.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	119,265	58,220	61,045	1,410	750	660
Single responses	116,245	56,755	59,490	1,405	745	655
Official languages	76,610	37,570	39,045	1,390	735	655
English	75,710	37,115	38,590	20	15	15
French	900	455	450	1,365	725	640
Non-official languages	39,635	19,185	20,450	15	10	5
Aboriginal languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	39,610	19,175	20,435	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	365	195	170	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	325	175	150	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	685	295	390	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	660	285	375	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	960	375	585	0	0	0
Bikol	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	45	20	30	0	0	0
Fijian	20	10	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	50	25	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	40	15	25	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	780	300	475	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	50	25	20	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	110	55	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	60	30	30	0	0	0
Tamil	20	10	10	0	0	0
Telugu	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	33,920	16,550	17,370	15	10	5
Albanian	55	25	25	0	0	0
Armenian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,155	540	615	0	0	0
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,145	535	610	0	0	0
Belarusan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Croatian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Czech	70	35	35	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	250	115	140	0	0	0
Russian	395	175	220	0	0	0
Serbian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Slovak	40	15	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	205	100	105	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,290	2,365	2,930	5	5	5
Afrikaans	105	50	55	0	0	0
Danish	105	55	50	0	0	0
Dutch	1,010	465	550	0	0	0
Frisian	25	15	15	0	0	0
German	3,920	1,725	2,195	10	5	0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Swedish	45	20	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	50	30	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25,735	12,780	12,955	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	25,480	12,640	12,840	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	70	35	30	0	0	0
Hindi	545	255	290	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	24,625	12,215	12,410	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Urdu	170	90	80	0	0	0
Iranian languages	235	130	110	0	0	0
Kurdish	55	30	20	0	0	0
Pashto	0	5	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	185	100	85	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,595	790	805	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	150	80	75	0	0	0
Portuguese	165	80	85	0	0	0
Romanian	200	105	95	0	0	0
Spanish	1,070	520	550	10	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	150	55	95	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,080	500	585	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	100	50	50	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	30	15	20	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Dinka	10	10	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,515	735	780	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,515	730	780	0	0	0
Cantonese	485	255	225	0	0	0
Hakka	20	10	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	880	405	480	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	35	30	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	210	100	115	0	0	0
Lao	175	90	85	0	0	0
Thai	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	25	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Turkish	30	20	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	330	155	170	0	0	0
Estonian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	85	35	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	225	115	110	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,020	1,465	1,555	10	0	5
English and French	180	75	100	5	0	5
English and non-official language	2,745	1,340	1,405	0	0	0
French and non-official language	50	20	30	0	0	5
English, French and non-official language	40	25	15	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	119,265	58,220	61,045	1,410	750	660
Single responses	111,855	54,535	57,315	1,400	745	655
Official languages	87,050	42,370	44,680	1,390	740	650
English	86,880	42,285	44,595	10	5	10
French	165	85	80	1,380	735	650
Non-official languages	24,805	12,165	12,640	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	24,805	12,165	12,640	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	105	110	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	220	105	115	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	205	95	105	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	450	195	255	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	445	190	255	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	340	160	185	0	0	0
Bikol	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0	0	0
Fijian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	135	150	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tamil	15	5	10	0	0	0
Telugu	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	21,565	10,635	10,930	10	10	0
Albanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	435	205	235	0	0	0
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	430	205	230	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	85	40	45	0	0	0
Russian	245	110	130	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	25	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	720	320	400	5	0	0
Afrikaans	60	25	35	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dutch	55	20	30	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	595	265	325	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	19,665	9,735	9,930	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	19,525	9,660	9,865	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	255	125	130	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	19,120	9,460	9,660	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	100	50	50	0	0	0
Iranian languages	135	65	65	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	100	50	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	695	345	345	5	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	40	20	20	0	0	0
Romanian	105	55	55	0	0	0
Spanish	520	260	255	10	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	70	35	35	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Korean	870	385	485	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dinka	15	10	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	25	25	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	20	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	940	480	455	0	0	0
Chinese languages	940	485	460	0	0	0
Cantonese	270	145	125	0	0	0
Hakka	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	615	315	300	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	60	50	0	0	0
Lao	90	45	45	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	15	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	15	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	30	30	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	20	20	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	7,410	3,685	3,725	10	5	5
English and French	110	50	65	10	5	5
English and non-official language	7,195	3,600	3,605	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	10	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	85	30	60	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	119,265	58,220	61,045	1,410	750	660
None	103,295	50,380	52,910	1,350	725	630
English	7,625	3,870	3,755	40	25	20
French	790	340	445	10	5	5
Non-official language	7,370	3,535	3,835	10	0	10
Aboriginal	10	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,360	3,530	3,830	10	0	10
English and French	30	15	20	0	0	0
English and non-official language	80	40	40	0	0	0
French and non-official language	70	35	35	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	96,670	46,695	49,980	1,170	630	540
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	92,810	44,885	47,925	1,150	625	525
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,161	37,640	23,634	30,059	35,712	24,672
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	92,915	44,985	47,935	1,150	620	525
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,751	33,229	22,658	27,280	30,827	23,264
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	81,710	40,620	41,090	1,040	580	460
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,708	37,483	20,530	25,952	31,616	20,032
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,715	28,550	39,165	915	480	430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,790	4,064	6,519	7,944	6,776	8,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	70,225	35,945	34,280	835	475	355
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,331	37,761	21,236	26,027	31,189	20,416
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	96,585	46,710	49,880	1,185	630	555
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	92,630	44,800	47,830	1,150	610	535
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,110	47,209	31,525	37,259	41,191	32,748
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	92,725	44,890	47,840	1,150	610	535
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,595	39,397	28,151	31,795	34,386	28,821
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	81,500	40,350	41,160	1,000	545	460
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,006	47,194	28,998	35,294	39,916	29,856
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,470	28,400	39,065	935	480	455
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,784	7,419	8,049	7,950	7,670	8,241
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,135	35,730	34,400	800	435	365
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,284	45,745	28,496	31,908	35,663	27,399
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	96,590	46,710	49,880	1,185	625	560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	28,540	17,095	11,445	385	215	165
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	49,398	56,075	42,156	38,569	40,166	37,383
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,560	62,813	47,216	43,678	48,583	37,236
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.5	90.1	79.0	80.4	84.8	74.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.6	77.8	65.2	62.4	66.4	58.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.5	9.9	21.0	19.8	15.8	25.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	96,675	46,695	49,975	1,170	635	540
Without total income	3,865	1,810	2,055	25	10	15
With total income	92,810	44,885	47,925	1,150	625	520
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.9	98.3	98.4	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,780	5,650	8,130	135	60	80
$10,000 to $19,999	19,215	7,190	12,020	230	95	130
$20,000 to $29,999	14,420	5,635	8,785	215	110	110
$30,000 to $39,999	11,385	5,150	6,235	175	100	75
$40,000 to $49,999	9,090	4,605	4,485	150	100	55
$50,000 to $59,999	6,910	4,025	2,885	85	55	30
$60,000 to $69,999	4,950	3,225	1,725	60	40	25
$70,000 to $79,999	3,790	2,540	1,250	35	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	2,905	1,985	925	20	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,825	1,285	540	15	15	0
$100,000 and over	4,540	3,590	945	30	20	10
$100,000 to $149,999	3,390	2,660	730	20	15	5
$150,000 and over	1,150	930	215	10	5	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	96,670	46,695	49,980	1,175	635	540
Without after-tax income	3,760	1,715	2,040	25	10	15
With after-tax income	92,915	44,980	47,935	1,145	625	525
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.3	95.9	97.4	98.4	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,215	5,915	8,300	140	60	80
$10,000 to $19,999	20,255	7,800	12,455	235	105	135
$20,000 to $29,999	16,770	6,770	10,000	260	135	125
$30,000 to $39,999	12,900	6,120	6,785	225	140	85
$40,000 to $49,999	9,705	5,280	4,425	135	85	50
$50,000 to $59,999	6,630	4,215	2,410	70	45	25
$60,000 to $69,999	4,580	3,090	1,490	40	25	10
$70,000 to $79,999	3,080	2,120	955	20	20	5
$80,000 and over	4,775	3,670	1,105	25	20	10
$80,000 to $89,999	1,805	1,330	470	5	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	990	765	225	5	0	5
$100,000 and over	1,980	1,575	405	10	10	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	96,675	46,700	49,975	1,175	630	540
Without employment income	26,450	10,750	15,695	340	155	185
With employment income	70,225	35,945	34,285	835	475	355
Percentage with employment income	72.6	77.0	68.6	71.1	75.4	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,315	4,620	5,695	150	80	70
$5,000 to $9,999	6,390	2,340	4,045	70	35	35
$10,000 to $19,999	10,955	4,295	6,660	135	65	70
$20,000 to $29,999	8,845	3,825	5,020	115	50	65
$30,000 to $39,999	7,615	3,665	3,945	110	75	30
$40,000 to $49,999	6,725	3,585	3,135	90	55	30
$50,000 to $59,999	5,160	3,180	1,980	65	40	20
$60,000 to $69,999	3,790	2,575	1,215	35	20	15
$70,000 to $79,999	3,025	2,125	900	25	15	10
$80,000 and over	7,405	5,720	1,680	45	40	5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,410	1,715	695	15	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,515	1,100	415	10	15	0
$100,000 and over	3,480	2,905	570	15	10	5
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	43,005	...	...	610	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	69,822	...	...	58,048	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,756	...	...	51,648	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	10,895	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,539	...	...	27,488	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,473	...	...	25,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	32,115	...	...	440	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,431	...	...	69,888	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	75,454	...	...	61,781	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	42,990	...	...	605	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	84,275	...	...	70,529	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	72,466	...	...	60,185	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,900	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,587	...	...	36,852	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,066	...	...	31,347	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	32,085	...	...	430	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,115	...	...	84,237	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,170	...	...	71,923	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	43,005	...	...	605	...	...
Under $5,000	665	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	465	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,145	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,695	...	...	25	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,890	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,635	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,905	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,870	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,790	...	...	40	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,865	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,400	...	...	55	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,230	...	...	65	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,105	...	...	45	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,790	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,545	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,010	...	...	120	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,890	...	...	65	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,140	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,100	...	...	20	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,885	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	43,010	...	...	610	...	...
Under $5,000	695	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	470	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,155	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,750	...	...	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,140	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,990	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,255	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,125	...	...	45	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,195	...	...	40	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,065	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,990	...	...	85	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,665	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,435	...	...	50	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,995	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,530	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,545	...	...	65	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,295	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,480	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,770	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	31,115	...	...	430	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,725	...	...	70,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,806	...	...	62,080	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	10,755	...	...	210	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,603	...	...	62,592	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,329	...	...	54,144	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	15,055	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,050	...	...	90,880	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,548	...	...	79,232	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.4	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,325	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,882	...	...	65,792	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,084	...	...	56,448	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	31,100	...	...	410	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,245	...	...	85,568	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,350	...	...	72,802	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	10,775	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,157	...	...	78,846	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,267	...	...	65,796	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	15,010	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,201	...	...	98,733	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,258	...	...	83,719	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,270	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,677	...	...	80,468	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,524	...	...	74,978	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	15,275	7,110	8,165	200	130	70
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,252	33,664	26,287	25,536	28,864	20,416
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,950	30,144	24,893	23,360	27,200	19,904
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	15,260	7,305	7,955	240	165	75
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,166	40,941	33,700	30,975	33,823	24,753
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,223	34,607	30,032	26,800	29,144	21,677
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	118,650	57,995	60,660	1,410	750	660
In the bottom half of the distribution	65,530	31,045	34,485	925	490	435
In the bottom decile	10,865	5,020	5,845	90	50	35
In the second decile	12,545	5,555	6,990	195	100	95
In the third decile	13,070	6,200	6,875	230	120	110
In the fourth decile	15,010	7,355	7,655	200	105	90
In the fifth decile	14,035	6,920	7,115	210	110	100
In the top half of the distribution	53,120	26,945	26,180	485	260	225
In the sixth decile	13,130	6,575	6,555	150	80	70
In the seventh decile	12,305	6,200	6,105	125	75	55
In the eighth decile	11,005	5,595	5,410	105	55	55
In the ninth decile	9,715	4,950	4,765	70	35	30
In the top decile	6,965	3,625	3,345	35	20	15
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	118,650	57,995	60,660	1,410	750	660
0 to 17 years	26,385	13,535	12,850	275	140	135
0 to 5 years	8,685	4,445	4,240	105	40	60
18 to 64 years	72,670	35,500	37,170	880	475	405
65 years and over	19,590	8,955	10,635	255	135	120
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,100	7,225	8,875	205	105	100
0 to 17 years	4,355	2,295	2,060	30	20	10
0 to 5 years	1,410	750	655	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	8,815	3,865	4,955	105	60	50
65 years and over	2,925	1,065	1,865	60	25	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.6	12.5	14.6	14.5	14.0	15.2
0 to 17 years (%)	16.5	17.0	16.0	10.9	14.3	7.4
0 to 5 years (%)	16.2	16.9	15.4	14.3	12.5	16.7
18 to 64 years (%)	12.1	10.9	13.3	11.9	12.6	12.3
65 years and over (%)	14.9	11.9	17.5	23.5	18.5	29.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,060	4,230	4,830	50	35	20
0 to 17 years	2,330	1,225	1,110	5	5	0
0 to 5 years	690	365	325	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	6,030	2,745	3,285	45	30	15
65 years and over	700	255	445	5	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.6	7.3	8.0	3.5	4.7	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.8	9.1	8.6	1.8	3.6	0.0
0 to 5 years (%)	7.9	8.2	7.7	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.7	8.8	5.1	6.3	3.7
65 years and over (%)	3.6	2.8	4.2	2.0	3.7	4.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	118,475	57,960	60,510	1,410	745	670
Official languages	111,510	54,935	56,575	1,380	715	665
English	111,460	54,915	56,545	380	215	170
French	5,575	2,415	3,160	1,375	705	670
Non-official languages	46,235	22,525	23,715	60	35	25
Aboriginal languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	10	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	46,205	22,505	23,700	60	35	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	700	395	310	0	0	0
Berber languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	690	390	300	0	0	0
Amharic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	595	340	255	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	30	15	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	40	20	20	0	0	0
Maltese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	685	335	350	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	40	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	635	295	335	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,285	480	815	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	10	65	0	0	0
Fijian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	10	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	75	40	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,165	410	750	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0	0	0
Creole languages	85	45	35	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	20	0	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	185	80	105	0	0	0
Kannada	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tamil	90	45	45	0	0	0
Telugu	40	15	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	39,200	19,305	19,890	55	35	25
Albanian	85	45	35	0	0	0
Armenian	65	35	25	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,425	660	760	0	0	0
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latvian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,415	650	760	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	95	45	50	0	0	0
Bulgarian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Croatian	90	40	50	0	0	0
Czech	80	45	40	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	290	125	165	0	0	0
Russian	580	265	315	0	0	0
Serbian	75	40	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	45	25	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	280	120	160	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,825	2,700	3,130	20	0	20
Afrikaans	220	100	120	0	0	0
Danish	135	70	70	0	0	0
Dutch	1,200	570	630	0	0	0
Frisian	25	25	10	0	0	0
German	4,225	1,955	2,275	20	10	20
Icelandic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Swedish	60	30	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	105	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	29,275	14,650	14,625	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	29,090	14,555	14,540	0	0	0
Bengali	25	20	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	130	80	55	0	0	0
Hindi	3,685	1,805	1,880	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	28,150	14,070	14,085	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	40	20	0	0	0
Urdu	370	220	150	0	0	0
Iranian languages	200	110	90	0	0	0
Kurdish	60	40	25	0	0	0
Pashto	0	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	140	75	70	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	45	15	25	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,005	1,470	1,535	40	30	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	350	185	175	0	0	0
Portuguese	285	150	135	0	0	0
Romanian	260	120	140	0	0	0
Spanish	2,220	1,080	1,140	35	30	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	400	185	215	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,260	565	690	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	230	110	125	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ganda	10	0	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	110	55	55	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	40	10	30	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	45	25	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Dinka	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	290	115	180	0	0	0
American Sign Language	180	70	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	115	40	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,730	825	900	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,730	825	905	0	0	0
Cantonese	655	310	340	0	0	0
Hakka	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,215	555	655	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	30	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	35	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	375	200	175	0	0	0
Lao	305	165	145	0	0	0
Thai	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	40	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	35	20	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	290	135	155	0	0	0
Estonian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	75	35	45	0	0	0
Hungarian	195	95	95	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	118,475	57,960	60,510	1,410	740	670
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	106,325	52,140	54,190	1,380	710	665
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,210	13,055	12,150	275	150	125
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	81,120	39,080	42,035	1,105	560	545
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	12,150	5,820	6,330	35	35	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	118,475	57,965	60,510	1,410	740	665
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	83,130	41,040	42,090	1,360	700	660
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	33,390	15,975	17,415	30	20	10
Before 1981	7,760	3,755	4,010	15	0	0
1981 to 1990	3,525	1,670	1,850	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	7,230	3,500	3,735	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	9,820	4,640	5,185	0	0	0
2001 to 2005	4,635	2,185	2,450	0	0	0
2006 to 2010	5,185	2,455	2,735	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	5,050	2,415	2,635	0	10	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,960	950	1,010	25	25	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	33,385	15,970	17,415	30	15	10
Under 5 years	2,335	1,185	1,150	10	10	0
5 to 14 years	4,395	2,330	2,065	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	9,585	4,140	5,440	10	10	0
25 to 44 years	11,245	5,720	5,525	0	0	0
45 years and over	5,820	2,590	3,230	15	10	10
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	33,390	15,975	17,415	25	15	10
Americas	3,055	1,305	1,745	10	0	0
Brazil	160	80	75	0	0	0
Colombia	100	40	60	0	0	0
El Salvador	235	105	130	0	0	0
Guyana	15	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	40	25	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	70	45	25	0	0	0
Mexico	145	70	75	0	0	0
Peru	25	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	45	25	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,160	415	745	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,055	470	585	0	0	0
Europe	6,355	3,115	3,240	20	0	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	25	35	0	0	0
Croatia	20	15	0	0	0	0
France	55	20	35	0	0	0
Germany	720	385	340	0	0	0
Greece	45	25	25	0	0	0
Hungary	110	65	45	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	15	60	0	0	0
Italy	120	65	60	0	0	0
Netherlands	920	450	470	0	0	0
Poland	295	120	175	0	0	0
Portugal	25	10	20	0	0	0
Romania	210	95	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	310	130	180	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ukraine	370	170	200	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,170	1,125	1,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	825	395	430	15	10	10
Africa	870	435	435	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	35	20	15	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kenya	105	55	55	0	0	0
Morocco	25	15	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	50	25	20	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	280	135	150	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	350	175	180	0	0	0
Asia	22,670	10,885	11,780	0	0	0
Afghanistan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	560	250	310	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	105	50	60	0	0	0
India	17,910	8,720	9,195	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	85	50	30	0	0	0
Iraq	130	80	60	0	0	0
Japan	120	50	65	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	725	345	385	0	0	0
Lebanon	30	25	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	195	95	100	0	0	0
Philippines	1,105	380	725	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	70	45	30	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	105	45	60	0	0	0
Taiwan	140	70	65	0	0	0
Viet Nam	475	210	265	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	890	465	420	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	440	230	205	10	10	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	5,050	2,415	2,635	0	10	0
Americas	305	125	175	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	25	15	0	0	0
Mexico	40	15	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	110	45	65	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	90	35	55	0	0	0
Europe	250	135	115	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Romania	30	10	25	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	30	20	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	105	70	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	30	0	10	0
Africa	150	65	85	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	35	20	20	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	25	50	0	0	0
Asia	4,295	2,060	2,235	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	105	40	65	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	3,330	1,650	1,680	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	15	10	10	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	220	90	130	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nepal	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	10	20	0	0	0
Philippines	335	130	205	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	95	45	50	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	35	10	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	30	20	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	50	30	20	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	45	25	15	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	118,475	57,965	60,510	1,410	740	670
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	36,145	17,300	18,840	55	40	10
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	31,245	15,690	15,550	35	10	30
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	51,085	24,965	26,120	1,325	700	630
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	26,045	12,435	13,610	10	0	10
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	6,605	3,310	3,290	15	10	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,560	1,625	935	0	10	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	4,040	1,690	2,355	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	17,640	8,100	9,545	0	0	0
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,725	990	735	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	80	35	40	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	118,480	57,965	60,515	1,410	740	670
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	5,855	2,690	3,165	15	0	15
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	5,640	2,595	3,040	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	2,910	1,415	1,490	10	0	10
Métis	2,705	1,180	1,530	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	20	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	120	60	60	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	95	35	65	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	112,625	55,275	57,350	1,395	740	655
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	118,475	57,960	60,515	1,410	745	665
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,410	640	775	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	117,065	57,325	59,740	1,410	745	670
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	118,475	57,965	60,515	1,410	740	670
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	715	305	410	10	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	685	290	395	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	455	235	220	10	0	0
Métis single ancestry	230	60	170	10	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	10	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	10	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	5,680	2,685	2,990	25	0	25
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	5,460	2,590	2,875	30	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,340	1,595	1,745	10	0	15
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,070	975	1,095	10	0	15
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	15	30	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	220	100	120	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	215	95	120	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	112,085	54,975	57,110	1,370	740	630
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	118,475	57,965	60,515	1,410	745	670
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	40,535	20,045	20,495	25	25	0
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	30,500	15,305	15,190	0	0	0
Chinese	2,085	1,015	1,070	0	0	0
Black	1,210	590	615	0	0	0
Filipino	1,390	520	870	0	0	0
Latin American	1,035	450	580	25	25	0
Arab	335	205	130	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,195	595	605	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	175	115	60	0	0	0
Korean	1,305	610	690	0	0	0
Japanese	410	190	220	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	215	115	100	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	680	320	360	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	77,940	37,920	40,020	1,385	720	665
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	118,475	57,960	60,515	1,410	745	670
North American Aboriginal origins	6,395	2,985	3,410	35	0	35
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,045	1,940	2,110	15	0	20
Inuit	45	10	30	0	0	0
Métis	2,550	1,140	1,405	20	0	15
Other North American origins	23,630	11,465	12,170	1,090	550	540
Acadian	90	40	45	10	0	10
American	1,650	755	895	0	0	0
Canadian	22,520	10,965	11,555	1,070	545	525
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	20	10	15	10	10	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	10	0	0	0
European origins	71,215	34,335	36,880	420	225	195
British Isles origins	42,235	20,160	22,075	125	80	50
Channel Islander	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	0	0	0	0
English	25,930	12,185	13,745	15	0	10
Irish	14,440	6,545	7,890	105	65	35
Manx	25	0	15	0	0	0
Scottish	18,980	9,090	9,895	15	10	10
Welsh	2,395	1,025	1,365	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,705	1,235	1,475	0	0	0
French origins	8,955	4,085	4,870	280	155	130
Alsatian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	8,955	4,085	4,870	280	155	130
Western European origins (except French origins)	30,795	14,720	16,075	45	0	40
Austrian	1,185	500	685	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	370	145	225	10	0	15
Dutch	10,745	5,150	5,595	0	0	0
Flemish	65	30	35	0	0	0
Frisian	75	40	35	0	0	0
German	22,165	10,545	11,620	10	0	10
Luxembourger	0	0	10	0	0	0
Swiss	660	300	360	30	10	20
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,210	3,760	4,450	0	0	0
Danish	1,425	675	750	0	0	0
Finnish	820	395	430	0	0	0
Icelandic	585	245	340	0	0	0
Norwegian	3,380	1,505	1,870	0	0	0
Swedish	2,645	1,220	1,425	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	275	130	150	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	15,970	7,710	8,260	0	0	0
Bulgarian	85	45	40	0	0	0
Byelorussian	70	25	40	0	0	0
Czech	285	150	130	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	195	105	90	0	0	0
Estonian	160	95	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,655	810	845	0	0	0
Latvian	55	35	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	95	45	50	0	0	0
Moldovan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Polish	3,725	1,670	2,060	0	0	0
Romanian	750	360	390	0	0	0
Russian	5,560	2,760	2,800	0	0	0
Slovak	145	70	70	0	0	0
Ukrainian	6,080	2,910	3,165	0	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	60	25	30	0	0	0
Southern European origins	5,670	2,925	2,740	15	0	10
Albanian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bosnian	75	35	45	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	295	145	145	0	0	0
Cypriot	25	20	0	0	0	0
Greek	530	295	240	0	0	0
Italian	2,800	1,465	1,340	0	0	0
Kosovar	20	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	50	15	35	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	530	340	190	15	0	10
Serbian	130	70	55	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	130	95	35	0	0	0
Spanish	1,345	615	740	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	90	40	45	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	770	395	375	0	0	0
Basque	30	15	10	0	0	0
Jewish	325	185	145	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	390	180	215	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	630	325	305	0	0	0
Antiguan	20	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	50	10	40	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	50	10	40	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Jamaican	280	170	110	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	55	40	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	45	10	35	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,045	1,035	1,010	25	25	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	70	30	40	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	35	20	10	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	190	100	90	0	0	0
Chilean	95	60	40	0	0	0
Colombian	145	80	65	0	0	0
Costa Rican	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	15	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	105	60	45	25	25	0
Guyanese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hispanic	80	40	35	0	0	0
Honduran	30	10	20	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	495	255	245	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	260	140	120	0	0	0
Peruvian	55	35	25	0	0	0
Salvadorean	345	135	205	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	50	20	30	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	160	85	75	0	0	0
African origins	1,460	690	775	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	165	80	85	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	60	35	30	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	10	20	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	25	10	15	0	0	0
North African origins	280	155	130	0	0	0
Algerian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	25	20	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	50	25	30	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	50	35	15	0	0	0
Sudanese	140	65	75	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	495	250	245	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	80	40	45	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	0	0	0	0
South African	275	155	115	0	0	0
Tanzanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	0	15	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	70	40	35	0	0	0
Other African origins	580	240	335	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	50	25	30	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	535	225	310	0	0	0
Asian origins	38,285	19,005	19,290	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,050	610	435	0	0	0
Afghan	55	30	25	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	80	45	30	0	0	0
Armenian	120	65	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	175	105	70	0	0	0
Iraqi	115	75	45	0	0	0
Israeli	70	30	35	0	0	0
Jordanian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	25	20	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	105	55	45	0	0	0
Palestinian	40	35	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Syrian	100	40	55	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turk	80	60	20	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	15	10	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	70	50	20	0	0	0
South Asian origins	30,290	15,185	15,105	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	26,715	13,305	13,405	0	0	0
Goan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	350	195	150	0	0	0
Punjabi	4,105	2,090	2,015	0	0	0
Sinhalese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	95	60	35	0	0	0
Tamil	20	20	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	415	215	200	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	6,990	3,240	3,755	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	70	40	30	0	0	0
Chinese	2,635	1,265	1,375	0	0	0
Filipino	1,550	575	975	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	60	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	470	230	240	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,310	615	695	0	0	0
Laotian	370	205	170	0	0	0
Malaysian	70	35	40	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	55	35	20	0	0	0
Thai	140	60	80	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	770	375	390	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	45	25	20	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	80	45	35	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	85	50	35	0	0	0
Oceania origins	730	410	320	0	0	0
Australian	270	160	110	0	0	0
New Zealander	80	50	25	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	390	205	185	0	0	0
Fijian	240	110	130	0	0	0
Hawaiian	70	35	40	0	0	0
Maori	40	30	10	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	45	30	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	42,985	...	...	610	...	...
Owner	29,795	...	...	560	...	...
Renter	13,195	...	...	50	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	42,985	...	...	605	...	...
Condominium	12,155	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	30,830	...	...	605	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	42,990	...	...	610	...	...
No bedrooms	220	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	5,025	...	...	35	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,760	...	...	140	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,415	...	...	265	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,570	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	42,985	...	...	610	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,735	...	...	95	...	...
5 rooms	6,370	...	...	140	...	...
6 rooms	5,065	...	...	70	...	...
7 rooms	4,355	...	...	95	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,470	...	...	200	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	42,990	...	...	605	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,390	...	...	605	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,600	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	42,990	...	...	605	...	...
Suitable	40,230	...	...	595	...	...
Not suitable	2,760	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	42,985	...	...	610	...	...
1960 or before	1,760	...	...	275	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,665	...	...	145	...	...
1981 to 1990	10,540	...	...	65	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,760	...	...	45	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,990	...	...	25	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,450	...	...	30	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,820	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	42,990	...	...	605	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	41,195	...	...	545	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,790	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	42,990	...	...	605	...	...
1 household maintainer	23,815	...	...	380	...	...
2 household maintainers	17,065	...	...	225	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,110	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	42,990	...	...	605	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,435	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,130	...	...	50	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,480	...	...	80	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,555	...	...	125	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,980	...	...	180	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,105	...	...	85	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,705	...	...	65	...	...
85 years and over	1,595	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	42,875	...	...	550	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,250	...	...	455	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,630	...	...	95	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,270	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,740	...	...	505	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.9	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	18.3	...	...	14.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,214	...	...	667	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,339	...	...	782	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	450,261	...	...	150,313	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	473,003	...	...	174,423	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,190	...	...	45	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	39.5	...	...	55.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	868	...	...	529	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	956	...	...	520	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	96,585	46,710	49,875	1,185	630	555
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,950	10,315	10,635	325	180	150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	32,590	16,320	16,270	215	100	110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,045	20,080	22,965	645	350	300
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,035	5,780	2,255	270	195	75
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,665	2,100	1,570	175	120	55
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,365	3,680	690	95	75	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	15,045	5,365	9,680	220	90	130
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,975	1,540	2,435	30	10	20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	15,995	7,390	8,605	130	50	80
Bachelor's degree	10,455	4,600	5,855	100	40	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,295	505	790	15	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	555	380	175	0	0	0
Master's degree	3,365	1,680	1,685	10	10	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	330	230	100	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	61,685	29,825	31,860	820	435	380
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,265	4,885	4,385	195	105	85
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	20,055	10,235	9,815	145	70	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,365	14,705	17,655	485	265	225
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,450	4,015	1,435	210	155	60
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,465	1,440	1,025	150	100	40
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,985	2,580	410	65	55	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	11,240	3,930	7,310	155	70	90
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,840	1,120	1,725	15	10	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	12,830	5,645	7,185	95	30	65
Bachelor's degree	8,355	3,530	4,830	75	30	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,060	400	660	10	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	460	305	150	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,740	1,285	1,455	0	0	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	210	130	85	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	96,590	46,710	49,880	1,185	625	555
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	53,540	26,630	26,910	535	280	260
Education	3,405	945	2,460	25	0	25
13. Education	3,410	945	2,465	30	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,230	490	745	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225	170	55	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,005	325	685	10	0	10
Humanities	4,230	1,850	2,380	25	15	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	295	75	215	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	620	155	465	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,440	620	820	20	15	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	225	160	65	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,080	575	510	0	0	0
54. History	480	250	230	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	95	20	75	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,185	1,385	2,805	20	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	100	100	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	50	895	10	10	10
22. Legal professions and studies	670	175	490	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	90	25	65	0	10	0
42. Psychology	730	205	530	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,530	825	705	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	7,710	2,805	4,905	110	20	90
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	730	180	545	20	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,970	2,625	4,345	95	25	70
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,190	590	595	25	10	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	490	215	270	0	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	400	200	195	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	10	15	0	10
40. Physical sciences	205	155	50	0	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	20	80	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,425	870	555	15	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,180	765	410	10	10	0
25. Library science	105	0	100	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	95	30	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,365	7,870	495	225	200	25
04. Architecture and related services	120	100	15	10	0	10
14. Engineering	1,250	1,085	165	20	20	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,305	1,175	130	45	40	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,280	2,210	65	40	35	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,320	2,235	90	75	65	10
48. Precision production	1,100	1,060	40	35	35	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	780	500	285	50	40	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	575	345	230	40	30	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	155	60	10	15	0
Health and related fields	7,590	1,450	6,145	90	20	70
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	485	245	240	15	15	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,940	1,080	5,860	75	10	70
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	165	120	50	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,920	1,330	1,600	55	25	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,800	435	1,370	45	20	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	500	335	165	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	595	530	60	10	0	10
Other	0	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	61,685	29,825	31,860	815	435	385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	29,325	15,125	14,205	330	170	160
Education	2,480	615	1,860	15	0	15
13. Education	2,480	615	1,865	20	10	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	970	360	605	0	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	115	50	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	800	240	555	10	0	10
Humanities	3,155	1,300	1,850	20	10	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	215	55	165	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	445	115	330	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,205	475	725	20	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	125	40	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	645	330	310	0	0	0
54. History	410	195	215	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	65	10	60	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,265	1,030	2,235	15	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	80	70	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	755	40	715	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	530	130	400	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	65	20	45	0	10	0
42. Psychology	505	125	380	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,235	630	605	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	5,880	2,065	3,810	95	20	75
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	560	130	430	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,305	1,940	3,370	80	25	65
Physical and life sciences and technologies	800	405	390	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	310	145	170	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	145	135	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	145	110	35	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	0	50	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,230	755	470	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,055	685	370	10	10	0
25. Library science	80	0	75	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	60	20	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,030	5,635	395	185	160	20
04. Architecture and related services	90	75	15	10	0	10
14. Engineering	925	805	120	25	20	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	950	860	90	40	35	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,630	1,570	65	25	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,635	1,565	75	60	60	0
48. Precision production	790	760	30	25	25	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	615	380	240	40	25	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	465	275	190	25	20	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	105	50	10	10	0
Health and related fields	5,740	1,150	4,590	55	10	45
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	390	200	190	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	5,210	865	4,350	55	0	45
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	135	85	50	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,205	1,005	1,195	35	10	25
12. Personal and culinary services	1,290	310	980	20	10	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	430	285	150	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	465	400	60	10	10	0
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	96,585	46,710	49,880	1,185	630	555
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,540	26,630	26,910	540	280	260
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	43,045	20,080	22,965	645	350	300
Location of study inside Canada	33,785	15,470	18,315	640	340	300
Same as province or territory of residence	27,610	12,415	15,185	630	340	295
Different than province or territory of residence	6,180	3,050	3,125	10	0	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	9,260	4,605	4,655	10	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,540	850	685	0	0	0
Philippines	555	175	380	0	0	0
India	3,515	1,735	1,780	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	730	430	300	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	215	75	135	0	0	0
France	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other	2,700	1,330	1,370	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	61,685	29,825	31,860	820	435	380
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,320	15,125	14,200	335	170	165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	32,360	14,705	17,660	485	265	220
Location of study inside Canada	25,235	11,390	13,835	480	260	220
Same as province or territory of residence	21,255	9,460	11,795	475	260	220
Different than province or territory of residence	3,980	1,930	2,050	10	0	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	7,130	3,310	3,815	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,030	550	480	0	0	0
Philippines	500	160	345	0	0	0
India	3,050	1,435	1,610	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	345	180	165	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	190	70	125	0	0	0
France	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other	1,995	910	1,090	0	10	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	96,585	46,710	49,880	1,185	630	560
In the labour force	62,490	32,625	29,860	760	420	345
Employed	58,130	30,625	27,505	730	395	335
Unemployed	4,360	1,995	2,360	30	25	10
Not in the labour force	34,105	14,085	20,010	420	210	210
Participation rate	64.7	69.8	59.9	64.1	66.7	61.6
Employment rate	60.2	65.6	55.1	61.6	62.7	59.8
Unemployment rate	7.0	6.1	7.9	3.9	6.0	2.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	96,590	46,710	49,875	1,190	630	560
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	31,655	13,045	18,615	400	215	185
Worked	64,935	33,670	31,265	785	410	375
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	29,280	17,625	11,650	425	230	200
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	35,655	16,040	19,615	360	185	170
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.5	39.9	42.0	42.7	41.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	62,485	32,625	29,865	760	420	345
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,015	480	535	10	10	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	61,475	32,145	29,330	750	410	345
Employee	54,200	27,455	26,745	580	320	260
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	7,275	4,690	2,585	170	90	85
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	62,485	32,625	29,865	765	420	340
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,010	480	530	10	10	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	61,475	32,140	29,330	755	410	340
0 Management occupations	5,730	3,750	1,980	130	105	30
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,275	2,195	6,075	40	0	40
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,280	1,870	410	30	20	10
3 Health occupations	3,890	780	3,100	40	0	40
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,355	2,085	4,275	55	10	45
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,220	545	675	25	10	15
6 Sales and service occupations	14,360	5,385	8,970	115	45	70
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,340	11,585	760	150	140	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,215	1,410	1,810	80	40	40
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,810	2,535	1,275	80	45	35
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	62,485	32,625	29,865	760	420	345
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,015	480	530	10	10	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	61,475	32,145	29,330	750	410	345
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,615	1,500	2,115	150	90	60
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	250	220	30	0	0	0
22 Utilities	195	170	30	10	10	0
23 Construction	5,790	5,055	730	65	60	0
31-33 Manufacturing	6,300	4,510	1,790	170	110	60
41 Wholesale trade	2,500	1,640	860	30	25	0
44-45 Retail trade	6,935	2,990	3,945	80	40	35
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,255	4,375	875	30	15	15
51 Information and cultural industries	800	480	325	0	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,730	690	1,045	10	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,060	560	500	10	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,670	1,295	1,370	15	10	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	45	45	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,720	1,610	1,105	10	0	10
61 Educational services	3,865	1,175	2,685	30	0	25
62 Health care and social assistance	6,205	1,030	5,175	70	0	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	690	310	380	25	15	15
72 Accommodation and food services	4,645	1,500	3,145	35	10	25
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,475	1,535	1,935	20	10	10
91 Public administration	2,695	1,445	1,255	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	58,130	30,630	27,505	730	390	335
Worked at home	3,530	1,600	1,925	115	70	45
Worked outside Canada	265	165	100	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	10,325	7,695	2,625	70	45	20
Worked at usual place	44,015	21,165	22,845	545	280	265
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	44,015	21,165	22,850	545	280	265
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	27,485	11,615	15,865	90	45	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,570	1,665	1,900	310	155	155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,745	7,745	4,995	140	75	65
Commute to a different province or territory	215	140	80	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	54,335	28,860	25,475	620	325	290
Car, truck, van - as a driver	45,805	24,895	20,920	525	280	245
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,395	2,030	2,365	15	0	10
Public transit	1,355	565	785	0	0	0
Walked	1,770	730	1,035	70	35	30
Bicycle	355	285	70	0	0	0
Other method	665	365	295	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	54,335	28,865	25,475	615	330	290
Less than 15 minutes	19,660	8,410	11,245	225	115	110
15 to 29 minutes	16,685	8,480	8,205	220	120	95
30 to 44 minutes	8,710	5,345	3,370	110	50	60
45 to 59 minutes	4,160	2,760	1,400	25	20	0
60 minutes and over	5,125	3,870	1,250	40	20	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	54,335	28,860	25,475	620	330	285
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,020	4,365	1,655	65	35	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,135	6,535	3,600	120	65	55
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,445	6,265	6,180	235	135	100
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,935	4,120	5,815	85	25	55
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,010	2,365	3,645	20	0	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,790	5,215	4,580	95	60	35
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	67,555	34,850	32,705	835	435	400
Single responses	65,560	33,725	31,835	815	420	390
Official languages	61,430	31,675	29,755	790	395	390
English	61,315	31,645	29,675	15	10	10
French	110	25	80	775	385	385
Non-official languages	4,130	2,045	2,080	25	25	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,135	2,050	2,085	25	25	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	20	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	20	20	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	30	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	30	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,745	1,860	1,885	25	25	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	15	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,670	1,835	1,835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	3,660	1,835	1,830	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,645	1,825	1,825	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	10	30	25	25	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	40	10	35	25	25	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	130	40	90	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	85	60	0	0	0
Chinese languages	145	90	60	0	0	0
Cantonese	70	45	25	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	30	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,000	1,130	865	20	15	10
English and French	85	25	60	25	15	10
English and non-official language	1,900	1,095	805	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	10	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	67,555	34,850	32,700	835	435	400
None	62,085	31,905	30,185	780	400	380
English	1,390	745	645	50	30	20
French	360	130	230	0	0	10
Non-official language	3,680	2,050	1,630	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,680	2,055	1,625	0	0	0
English and French	10	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	25	20	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	117,170	57,295	59,870	1,395	735	665
Non-movers	98,810	48,370	50,435	1,270	655	620
Movers	18,360	8,930	9,435	120	85	40
Non-migrants	10,240	5,000	5,245	10	10	10
Migrants	8,120	3,930	4,190	115	75	35
Internal migrants	6,460	3,175	3,280	85	50	35
Intraprovincial migrants	5,215	2,505	2,700	65	40	25
Interprovincial migrants	1,245	670	575	20	20	10
External migrants	1,660	750	910	25	25	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	111,335	54,345	56,990	1,330	710	615
Non-movers	62,400	30,510	31,895	1,020	535	485
Movers	48,935	23,840	25,105	310	175	135
Non-migrants	28,170	13,865	14,305	70	30	35
Migrants	20,765	9,970	10,800	240	145	95
Internal migrants	15,215	7,310	7,910	215	120	95
Intraprovincial migrants	12,350	5,865	6,490	215	120	95
Interprovincial migrants	2,870	1,445	1,420	0	0	0
External migrants	5,550	2,665	2,890	25	25	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Abbotsford [Population centre], British Columbia and Tingwick, MÉ [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Abbotsford [Population centre], British Columbia and Tingwick, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Abbotsford [Population centre], British Columbia and Tingwick, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Abbotsford [Population centre], British Columbia and Tingwick, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec