Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and Yukon [Economic region], Yukon

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Nova Scotia [Province]			Yukon Yukon [Economic region]
	Data quality , Nova Scotia [Province] Map : Nova Scotia [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Yukon [Economic region], Yukon Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	923,598	...	...	35,874	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	921,727	...	...	33,897	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.2	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	458,568	...	...	17,987	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17.4	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	52,942.27	...	...	474,712.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	923,600	446,885	476,715	35,875	18,080	17,800
0 to 14 years	133,825	68,370	65,455	6,280	3,355	2,925
0 to 4 years	42,005	21,365	20,640	2,140	1,155	985
5 to 9 years	45,980	23,650	22,330	2,120	1,125	995
10 to 14 years	45,845	23,350	22,490	2,020	1,075	945
15 to 64 years	605,950	295,100	310,845	25,340	12,500	12,835
15 to 19 years	51,255	26,240	25,015	1,935	1,000	930
20 to 24 years	56,160	28,150	28,010	1,965	1,035	930
25 to 29 years	53,725	26,790	26,940	2,555	1,245	1,305
30 to 34 years	51,730	25,130	26,600	2,890	1,395	1,500
35 to 39 years	52,010	24,560	27,450	2,590	1,235	1,355
40 to 44 years	57,050	27,245	29,805	2,540	1,175	1,370
45 to 49 years	61,890	29,720	32,170	2,460	1,215	1,250
50 to 54 years	75,675	36,615	39,065	2,885	1,390	1,490
55 to 59 years	76,505	36,925	39,580	2,995	1,510	1,490
60 to 64 years	69,960	33,735	36,225	2,530	1,315	1,220
65 years and over	183,820	83,415	100,405	4,260	2,220	2,035
65 to 69 years	63,710	30,810	32,905	1,850	975	870
70 to 74 years	45,005	21,520	23,485	1,090	605	485
75 to 79 years	31,545	14,520	17,030	645	350	295
80 to 84 years	21,915	9,425	12,495	375	160	215
85 years and over	21,645	7,140	14,505	300	125	175
85 to 89 years	13,205	4,845	8,360	200	95	105
90 to 94 years	6,320	1,830	4,485	85	30	50
95 to 99 years	1,855	415	1,430	20	0	15
100 years and over	270	45	225	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.3	13.7	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.0	65.2	70.6	69.1	72.1
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.1	11.9	12.3	11.4
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	0.8	0.7	1.0
Average age of the population	43.5	42.5	44.4	39.1	38.8	39.4
Median age of the population	45.5	44.5	46.4	39.5	39.0	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
Single-detached house	263,470	...	...	9,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	21,350	...	...	45	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	102,300	...	...	4,555	...	...
Semi-detached house	20,465	...	...	1,160	...	...
Row house	10,215	...	...	950	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	12,435	...	...	605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	58,405	...	...	1,770	...	...
Other single-attached house	780	...	...	70	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	14,870	...	...	1,180	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 person	118,670	...	...	4,900	...	...
2 persons	156,825	...	...	5,180	...	...
3 persons	60,250	...	...	2,250	...	...
4 persons	44,970	...	...	1,855	...	...
5 or more persons	21,275	...	...	1,025	...	...
Number of persons in private households	908,340	...	...	35,115	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	789,770	378,515	411,255	29,595	14,725	14,870
Married or living common law	454,970	227,220	227,750	16,445	8,210	8,235
Married	369,695	184,705	184,990	11,350	5,685	5,670
Living common law	85,275	42,515	42,760	5,095	2,525	2,565
Not married and not living common law	334,800	151,295	183,505	13,150	6,515	6,635
Never married	209,455	110,175	99,280	9,150	4,910	4,245
Separated	24,105	10,450	13,655	840	370	470
Divorced	48,835	19,715	29,115	2,105	975	1,130
Widowed	52,405	10,955	41,455	1,060	265	795
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	270,965	...	...	9,845	...	...
2 persons	157,600	...	...	5,330	...	...
3 persons	56,625	...	...	2,060	...	...
4 persons	41,095	...	...	1,750	...	...
5 or more persons	15,645	...	...	710	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	270,965	...	...	9,845	...	...
Total couple families	224,065	...	...	7,970	...	...
Married couples	181,435	...	...	5,425	...	...
Common-law couples	42,630	...	...	2,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	46,900	...	...	1,875	...	...
Female parent	37,595	...	...	1,390	...	...
Male parent	9,305	...	...	485	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	224,065	...	...	7,970	...	...
Couples without children	128,125	...	...	4,135	...	...
Couples with children	95,940	...	...	3,835	...	...
1 child	43,810	...	...	1,575	...	...
2 children	37,595	...	...	1,605	...	...
3 or more children	14,535	...	...	665	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	46,900	...	...	1,875	...	...
1 child	29,480	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 children	12,810	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more children	4,610	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	175,575	81,140	94,435	7,510	3,895	3,610
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
One-census-family households	260,280	...	...	9,345	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,000	...	...	3,915	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	136,280	...	...	5,435	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	5,285	...	...	245	...	...
Non-census-family households	136,425	...	...	5,620	...	...
One-person households	118,675	...	...	4,900	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,750	...	...	720	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	912,300	442,470	469,830	35,555	17,895	17,660
English only	813,480	398,950	414,530	30,425	15,530	14,900
French only	705	305	400	90	40	50
English and French	95,380	41,925	53,460	4,900	2,260	2,640
Neither English nor French	2,735	1,295	1,440	145	70	75
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	912,295	442,470	469,830	35,560	17,900	17,665
English	879,465	426,535	452,930	33,725	16,960	16,760
French	28,490	13,890	14,600	1,575	815	755
English and French	1,760	825	930	125	55	65
Neither English nor French	2,585	1,215	1,365	135	65	75
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	29,370	14,300	15,070	1,635	845	795
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.2	3.2	3.2	4.6	4.7	4.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	912,295	442,470	469,830	35,560	17,895	17,665
Single responses	904,240	438,550	465,690	34,885	17,555	17,330
Official languages	859,690	416,245	443,445	30,675	15,580	15,095
English	830,220	401,980	428,240	29,110	14,770	14,335
French	29,465	14,265	15,205	1,570	810	755
Non-official languages	44,550	22,305	22,245	4,210	1,970	2,235
Aboriginal languages	4,290	2,020	2,270	680	295	385
Algonquian languages	4,210	1,985	2,225	30	5	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	5	20	5	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	20	5	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	4,190	1,975	2,215	0	0	0
Malecite	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	4,185	1,970	2,215	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	555	255	305
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	545	245	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	5	5	10	5	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	80	40	45
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	165	85	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	280	120	165
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	215	85	125
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	35	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	60	30	35	20	10	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	10	5	5
Inuktitut	55	30	30	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	65	25	35
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	40,260	20,285	19,975	3,530	1,675	1,855
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,760	4,275	3,480	50	30	25
Berber languages	10	10	0	5	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	130	65	65	5	5	0
Bilen	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	60	30	25	0	0	0
Somali	50	20	30	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,615	4,205	3,415	45	20	25
Amharic	115	50	65	5	0	0
Arabic	7,110	3,950	3,165	35	20	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	210	115	95	10	5	5
Maltese	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	140	65	80	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	5	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	505	245	260	50	25	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	490	240	250	50	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,235	940	1,300	995	420	575
Bikol	5	5	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	150	60	90	75	35	40
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	40	15	20
Ilocano	55	15	40	35	15	25
Malagasy	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malay	55	25	35	10	5	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	5	0	5
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,905	810	1,090	805	340	465
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	5	0	5
Creole languages	95	60	35	25	10	20
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	10	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	10	0	10
Dravidian languages	1,010	595	420	55	30	25
Kannada	40	20	15	0	0	0
Malayalam	365	205	165	25	10	15
Tamil	315	185	130	25	10	10
Telugu	285	180	110	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	18,590	9,320	9,270	1,715	890	825
Albanian	275	130	140	5	5	5
Armenian	35	30	10	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	3,470	1,645	1,830	295	155	150
Baltic languages	100	35	60	5	5	5
Latvian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	15	30	5	0	0
Slavic languages	3,375	1,610	1,765	295	150	145
Belarusan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	120	60	65	5	0	0
Bulgarian	55	25	30	5	5	0
Croatian	225	105	115	5	0	0
Czech	205	105	100	55	30	25
Macedonian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Polish	795	365	435	65	35	30
Russian	1,285	615	670	75	30	45
Serbian	115	60	65	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	80	40	40	5	5	5
Slovak	100	45	55	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	15	15	5	10
Ukrainian	320	155	170	45	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	185	80	100	10	5	10
Scottish Gaelic	145	65	85	0	0	5
Welsh	30	10	15	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5,700	2,800	2,900	945	500	445
Afrikaans	120	55	60	10	5	5
Danish	160	105	60	15	10	5
Dutch	1,620	815	805	110	55	65
Frisian	35	20	15	0	0	0
German	3,435	1,645	1,790	770	415	355
Icelandic	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	110	60	50	10	5	5
Swedish	110	45	65	15	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	20	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0	0	5
Greek	760	390	365	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,835	2,650	2,190	220	120	100
Indo-Aryan languages	3,385	1,895	1,490	190	100	90
Bengali	475	290	185	20	10	15
Gujarati	195	125	70	20	15	0
Hindi	745	445	300	35	20	15
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5	0	0	0
Marathi	70	35	35	0	0	0
Nepali	530	255	275	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	310	270	85	40	45
Sindhi	20	10	5	0	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165	85	85	5	5	0
Urdu	575	330	245	20	15	10
Iranian languages	1,425	740	690	25	20	5
Kurdish	115	65	50	0	0	0
Pashto	80	45	35	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,230	630	605	25	20	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,335	1,605	1,730	225	105	120
Catalan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Italian	745	400	340	25	15	10
Portuguese	520	245	270	10	5	10
Romanian	225	110	120	15	10	5
Spanish	1,830	840	985	170	75	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	360	100	260	95	40	55
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,095	475	620	45	15	30
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	630	325	305	25	10	10
Akan (Twi)	40	25	25	0	0	0
Bamanankan	15	5	5	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ewe	40	25	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	20	5	15	0	0	0
Igbo	45	20	20	0	5	5
Lingala	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	15	30	0	0	5
Shona	30	15	15	5	0	5
Swahili	135	65	70	0	5	0
Wolof	10	10	0	0	5	0
Yoruba	65	35	30	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	140	75	70	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	40	40	0	0	0
Dinka	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	190	90	100	20	10	5
American Sign Language	85	40	50	15	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	50	55	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,665	3,335	3,330	345	155	195
Chinese languages	6,635	3,320	3,315	350	150	200
Cantonese	1,145	535	610	220	100	120
Hakka	20	5	15	5	0	5
Mandarin	4,640	2,325	2,315	95	40	60
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	50	70	15	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	30	20	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	645	365	280	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Burmese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	155	55	100	30	5	25
Lao	10	0	5	5	5	0
Thai	150	50	100	30	5	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	445	240	205	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	305	165	140	0	5	0
Uyghur	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	110	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	415	180	235	75	40	35
Estonian	40	20	25	5	0	0
Finnish	95	30	60	25	15	15
Hungarian	275	130	150	45	25	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	5
Multiple responses	8,060	3,920	4,140	670	340	330
English and French	3,445	1,600	1,850	215	115	105
English and non-official language	4,180	2,110	2,070	425	210	210
French and non-official language	225	115	105	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	210	90	120	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	912,300	442,470	469,830	35,555	17,895	17,660
Single responses	900,755	436,755	464,000	34,730	17,510	17,220
Official languages	878,015	425,220	452,795	33,130	16,735	16,395
English	863,550	418,315	445,240	32,270	16,310	15,960
French	14,460	6,910	7,560	860	425	435
Non-official languages	22,740	11,540	11,205	1,600	775	825
Aboriginal languages	2,570	1,285	1,295	80	40	35
Algonquian languages	2,565	1,280	1,285	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,560	1,280	1,280	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	2,560	1,275	1,280	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	0	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	20	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,170	10,255	9,915	1,520	735	790
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,630	2,450	2,180	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	85	40	45	5	0	0
Bilen	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oromo	45	20	25	0	0	0
Somali	25	10	15	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	4,540	2,405	2,130	25	10	15
Amharic	55	25	30	0	0	0
Arabic	4,260	2,270	1,990	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	125	70	55	5	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	95	40	55	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	330	160	165	30	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	330	165	170	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,140	550	585	555	255	305
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	55	20	35	35	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	15	5	10
Ilocano	15	5	5	20	10	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,065	520	545	480	220	260
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	20	20	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	425	240	185	35	20	15
Kannada	15	5	10	0	5	5
Malayalam	140	75	60	15	10	10
Tamil	140	80	60	15	10	10
Telugu	125	80	50	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,410	3,715	3,690	540	280	265
Albanian	110	60	55	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,405	680	720	85	40	45
Baltic languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Latvian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,375	675	700	85	40	40
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	65	30	30	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Croatian	65	25	40	0	5	0
Czech	45	25	20	15	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	235	105	125	20	10	5
Russian	785	385	390	35	15	20
Serbian	60	25	35	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	5	0	0
Slovak	20	10	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Ukrainian	55	30	20	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	60	35	30	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,490	725	760	240	125	115
Afrikaans	30	15	15	5	5	0
Danish	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dutch	135	70	70	10	5	5
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,225	600	625	220	120	105
Icelandic	30	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Swedish	15	5	5	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	270	135	130	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	2,815	1,475	1,335	105	60	50
Indo-Aryan languages	1,850	995	860	90	50	40
Bengali	250	135	115	10	5	5
Gujarati	100	60	35	10	10	0
Hindi	310	190	120	10	5	5
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	475	235	240	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	125	125	40	20	20
Sindhi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	95	45	50	0	0	0
Urdu	340	175	165	10	0	5
Iranian languages	960	475	480	15	10	5
Kurdish	85	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	45	20	20	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	825	405	420	15	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,240	595	645	105	50	60
Catalan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	165	70	85	0	5	0
Portuguese	195	90	105	0	0	0
Romanian	70	35	35	10	5	0
Spanish	810	390	420	95	45	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	110	35	70	50	25	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	710	330	385	25	10	15
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	165	80	85	0	0	5
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	5	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5	0	0	0
Igbo	15	5	5	0	5	0
Lingala	0	5	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	60	30	35	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	20	0	0	0
Dinka	10	5	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	285	145	140	15	10	5
American Sign Language	110	55	60	15	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	175	90	80	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,550	2,345	2,200	220	100	120
Chinese languages	4,545	2,345	2,200	220	100	120
Cantonese	640	335	310	160	70	85
Hakka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,410	1,740	1,675	55	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	25	25	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	415	235	180	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	35	10	5	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	55	15	35	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	215	110	105	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Turkish	140	70	75	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	75	35	40	10	5	5
Estonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	5	5	5	0
Hungarian	55	25	30	10	0	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	11,540	5,715	5,825	830	385	440
English and French	2,180	995	1,185	125	65	60
English and non-official language	8,970	4,515	4,450	685	310	370
French and non-official language	75	40	30	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	315	155	160	20	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	912,295	442,470	469,825	35,560	17,895	17,660
None	861,780	418,525	443,260	31,490	15,990	15,505
English	17,005	8,480	8,525	1,255	595	660
French	16,390	7,210	9,175	890	425	465
Non-official language	16,275	7,850	8,420	1,830	845	980
Aboriginal	2,135	930	1,205	590	275	310
Non-Aboriginal	14,135	6,920	7,220	1,245	570	675
English and French	150	70	80	15	10	5
English and non-official language	220	105	115	35	15	15
French and non-official language	470	230	245	50	25	25
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	774,750	372,455	402,290	28,890	14,325	14,570
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	744,260	358,055	386,205	27,975	13,840	14,130
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,813	38,379	26,750	45,804	48,685	43,192
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	744,545	358,085	386,455	27,975	13,845	14,130
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,627	33,642	24,590	41,235	43,240	39,353
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	648,960	320,380	328,580	26,295	13,005	13,295
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,938	36,363	24,497	43,961	47,135	40,806
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	554,985	243,860	311,130	17,670	8,205	9,460
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,438	8,175	6,961	4,724	4,742	4,708
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	523,020	264,375	258,645	23,945	11,930	12,015
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,979	35,676	25,405	43,341	45,938	40,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	774,750	372,455	402,295	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,275	357,820	386,455	27,920	13,860	14,060
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,479	49,413	34,132	53,809	57,649	50,023
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,560	357,855	386,710	27,925	13,860	14,060
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,175	39,776	28,993	45,994	48,598	43,429
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	648,910	320,370	328,540	26,255	13,035	13,215
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,299	48,457	32,345	52,102	56,529	47,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	555,740	243,445	312,295	17,695	8,285	9,410
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,495	8,859	8,211	7,595	7,499	7,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	523,020	264,475	258,545	23,940	11,935	12,005
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,522	46,606	32,275	50,089	53,885	46,314
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	774,750	372,455	402,295	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	245,425	131,095	114,325	10,660	5,330	5,335
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,665	53,785	42,236	67,699	72,122	64,301
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,820	63,886	48,717	70,536	75,141	65,936
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.6	87.7	80.7	91.2	92.4	89.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	66.9	69.7	63.3	78.6	79.3	78.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.4	12.3	19.3	8.9	7.6	10.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	774,750	372,455	402,295	28,890	14,325	14,565
Without total income	30,485	14,395	16,090	915	480	435
With total income	744,265	358,060	386,205	27,975	13,845	14,130
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.1	96.0	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	104,125	43,575	60,545	2,875	1,460	1,415
$10,000 to $19,999	134,355	50,310	84,050	3,345	1,575	1,770
$20,000 to $29,999	114,855	47,195	67,660	3,450	1,600	1,850
$30,000 to $39,999	98,325	45,040	53,280	2,815	1,240	1,575
$40,000 to $49,999	79,435	39,605	39,830	2,540	1,200	1,345
$50,000 to $59,999	57,255	32,255	25,000	2,340	1,115	1,225
$60,000 to $69,999	41,715	25,830	15,885	2,370	1,115	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	33,195	19,945	13,250	2,095	1,015	1,085
$80,000 to $89,999	25,500	14,900	10,605	1,730	890	840
$90,000 to $99,999	15,530	10,095	5,435	1,340	715	635
$100,000 and over	39,965	29,300	10,665	3,065	1,930	1,135
$100,000 to $149,999	28,130	20,205	7,925	2,325	1,415	910
$150,000 and over	11,835	9,095	2,745	740	520	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	774,750	372,455	402,295	28,895	14,325	14,570
Without after-tax income	30,205	14,370	15,840	915	485	435
With after-tax income	744,540	358,085	386,455	27,975	13,840	14,130
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.1	96.1	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,630	44,435	64,195	2,935	1,485	1,450
$10,000 to $19,999	142,975	54,160	88,815	3,520	1,660	1,860
$20,000 to $29,999	138,435	58,900	79,535	3,860	1,800	2,060
$30,000 to $39,999	119,130	56,990	62,145	3,285	1,480	1,805
$40,000 to $49,999	84,245	46,675	37,565	3,080	1,450	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	56,235	34,590	21,645	3,045	1,445	1,600
$60,000 to $69,999	39,320	23,195	16,125	2,680	1,305	1,380
$70,000 to $79,999	21,210	13,950	7,260	2,090	1,090	1,010
$80,000 and over	34,360	25,185	9,170	3,475	2,125	1,345
$80,000 to $89,999	11,615	8,185	3,430	1,285	705	575
$90,000 to $99,999	6,825	4,950	1,875	780	495	290
$100,000 and over	15,915	12,050	3,860	1,405	930	480
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	774,745	372,455	402,295	28,890	14,325	14,565
Without employment income	251,730	108,080	143,650	4,950	2,400	2,550
With employment income	523,020	264,370	258,640	23,945	11,925	12,015
Percentage with employment income	67.5	71.0	64.3	82.9	83.2	82.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	72,940	34,125	38,820	2,715	1,355	1,360
$5,000 to $9,999	45,820	19,475	26,350	1,605	745	860
$10,000 to $19,999	76,685	33,555	43,130	2,630	1,245	1,390
$20,000 to $29,999	66,155	29,385	36,770	2,275	1,050	1,225
$30,000 to $39,999	60,485	27,455	33,035	2,060	995	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	49,395	24,470	24,925	1,985	945	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	37,685	21,735	15,955	1,875	850	1,020
$60,000 to $69,999	28,695	17,955	10,740	1,980	885	1,090
$70,000 to $79,999	24,970	14,750	10,220	1,750	845	905
$80,000 and over	60,175	41,470	18,705	5,065	3,010	2,055
$80,000 to $89,999	20,175	11,645	8,535	1,495	810	680
$90,000 to $99,999	11,685	7,975	3,715	1,135	610	525
$100,000 and over	28,310	21,850	6,460	2,440	1,590	845
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,764	...	...	84,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,129	...	...	73,935	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	118,670	...	...	4,900	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,377	...	...	42,170	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,511	...	...	38,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	283,320	...	...	10,315	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,136	...	...	110,664	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	66,538	...	...	96,068	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,797	...	...	98,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,299	...	...	84,412	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	118,705	...	...	4,915	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,601	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,962	...	...	43,443	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	283,285	...	...	10,300	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,383	...	...	121,861	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,011	...	...	103,975	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	6,830	...	...	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,755	...	...	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	12,330	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20,155	...	...	555	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,210	...	...	670	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	18,700	...	...	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,645	...	...	510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	19,995	...	...	505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	19,285	...	...	510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,235	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,450	...	...	910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30,470	...	...	965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,755	...	...	940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,340	...	...	965	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20,240	...	...	860	...	...
$100,000 and over	100,600	...	...	6,225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	38,090	...	...	1,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,330	...	...	1,405	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	23,445	...	...	1,850	...	...
$200,000 and over	14,730	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	7,145	...	...	240	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,885	...	...	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	12,545	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	21,370	...	...	580	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	23,030	...	...	685	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	22,365	...	...	550	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25,495	...	...	580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	23,945	...	...	600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	22,630	...	...	570	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	21,635	...	...	510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40,585	...	...	1,185	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,920	...	...	1,185	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	29,795	...	...	1,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,160	...	...	1,005	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	19,275	...	...	880	...	...
$100,000 and over	64,210	...	...	5,040	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	31,985	...	...	1,835	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15,940	...	...	1,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,280	...	...	1,785	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	269,560	...	...	9,795	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,529	...	...	108,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	66,728	...	...	94,853	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	121,200	...	...	3,885	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,495	...	...	104,425	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,883	...	...	90,825	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	97,460	...	...	3,860	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,981	...	...	139,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,099	...	...	119,060	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	43,560	...	...	1,770	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,597	...	...	62,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,309	...	...	58,386	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	269,510	...	...	9,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,027	...	...	120,618	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,371	...	...	102,755	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	121,285	...	...	3,900	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,511	...	...	113,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,143	...	...	95,932	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	97,490	...	...	3,880	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,890	...	...	151,228	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,021	...	...	127,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	43,470	...	...	1,745	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,587	...	...	72,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,700	...	...	64,133	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	157,715	73,825	83,890	6,685	3,505	3,180
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,180	30,235	26,673	39,951	36,718	42,449
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,848	27,176	24,859	36,618	33,829	39,148
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	157,410	73,440	83,970	6,705	3,635	3,075
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,847	38,945	35,012	47,879	46,673	49,305
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,893	31,946	29,973	41,460	40,111	43,054
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	908,340	440,700	467,640	35,110	17,640	17,465
In the bottom half of the distribution	519,830	244,725	275,105	12,840	6,500	6,340
In the bottom decile	105,810	49,730	56,080	2,530	1,440	1,090
In the second decile	112,825	49,900	62,920	2,705	1,345	1,360
In the third decile	102,515	48,345	54,175	2,315	1,110	1,205
In the fourth decile	100,645	48,515	52,130	2,415	1,145	1,270
In the fifth decile	98,030	48,235	49,800	2,870	1,455	1,410
In the top half of the distribution	388,510	195,975	192,540	22,270	11,145	11,125
In the sixth decile	94,350	47,240	47,110	3,005	1,500	1,505
In the seventh decile	89,765	45,260	44,505	3,540	1,745	1,790
In the eighth decile	83,140	41,815	41,330	4,500	2,200	2,300
In the ninth decile	69,850	35,450	34,400	5,420	2,755	2,665
In the top decile	51,410	26,210	25,195	5,805	2,950	2,860
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	898,345	435,895	462,450	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	159,820	81,670	78,150	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	49,595	25,280	24,310	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	565,395	274,120	291,275	0	0	0
65 years and over	173,125	80,100	93,025	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	154,955	70,415	84,540	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	35,525	18,145	17,380	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	12,740	6,470	6,275	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	88,355	40,375	47,985	0	0	0
65 years and over	31,075	11,890	19,185	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.2	16.2	18.3	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	22.2	22.2	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	25.7	25.6	25.8	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	14.7	16.5	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	17.9	14.8	20.6	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	70,745	34,290	36,460	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	15,285	7,805	7,485	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	5,645	2,870	2,775	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	52,220	25,185	27,030	0	0	0
65 years and over	3,240	1,295	1,945	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.9	7.9	7.9	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4	11.4	11.4	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	9.2	9.3	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.1	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	908,340	440,730	467,605	35,110	17,645	17,470
Official languages	905,700	439,525	466,180	35,005	17,600	17,405
English	905,020	439,215	465,805	34,930	17,565	17,365
French	95,740	42,150	53,585	4,915	2,270	2,640
Non-official languages	64,100	31,380	32,725	6,255	2,970	3,285
Aboriginal languages	5,645	2,685	2,960	1,170	535	635
Algonquian languages	5,575	2,635	2,935	45	20	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	15	10	30	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	25	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	5,550	2,625	2,920	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5,540	2,625	2,920	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	15	10	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	15	10	870	400	470
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	860	395	465
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	10	0	15	10	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	95	45	50
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	10	20	10	15
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	10	10
South Slavey	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tahltan languages	0	10	0	330	180	150
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	330	175	150
Tahltan	10	10	0	0	10	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	405	160	245
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	275	115	160
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	140	45	85
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	25	15	50	10	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	10	25
Inuktitut	30	15	10	20	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	10	10	0	10
Salish languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	200	95	100
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	58,490	28,715	29,770	5,105	2,440	2,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,730	5,745	4,985	65	45	20
Berber languages	25	15	15	10	0	0
Kabyle	25	15	15	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	155	65	95	20	20	0
Bilen	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	40	15	20	0	0	0
Somali	75	25	55	20	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10,635	5,715	4,925	55	35	20
Amharic	260	135	120	10	0	0
Arabic	9,685	5,185	4,500	30	20	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	630	370	260	15	0	10
Maltese	25	0	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	140	65	70	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	575	260	310	60	30	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	555	255	300	60	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,035	1,275	1,760	1,225	495	730
Bikol	10	0	10	10	0	10
Cebuano	185	80	100	115	50	60
Fijian	10	0	0	0	0	10
Hiligaynon	45	20	30	20	0	15
Ilocano	70	20	55	20	0	15
Malagasy	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	80	25	60	40	10	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,835	1,195	1,635	1,095	445	650
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	360	185	175	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	120	60	65	10	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	210	115	100	10	10	10
Dravidian languages	1,365	785	580	45	25	25
Kannada	75	45	35	0	0	0
Malayalam	560	310	250	10	0	0
Tamil	450	260	190	45	20	20
Telugu	350	215	135	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30,820	15,070	15,755	3,055	1,540	1,515
Albanian	405	185	215	10	0	10
Armenian	80	45	30	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	4,095	1,935	2,160	375	195	180
Baltic languages	110	35	80	0	0	0
Latvian	50	15	35	0	10	0
Lithuanian	55	15	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	4,010	1,910	2,105	370	190	180
Belarusan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	145	60	80	0	0	0
Bulgarian	75	35	35	0	10	0
Croatian	275	105	165	25	15	0
Czech	210	95	110	80	55	25
Macedonian	90	55	30	0	0	0
Polish	900	410	490	50	25	25
Russian	1,945	970	970	140	65	75
Serbian	180	85	95	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	115	70	50	0	0	0
Slovak	145	70	75	20	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	30	10	25
Ukrainian	425	180	245	40	20	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	1,070	495	580	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	910	400	505	10	10	0
Welsh	35	25	10	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	155	80	75	0	0	0
Germanic languages	9,225	4,490	4,740	1,360	715	645
Afrikaans	320	140	175	45	20	20
Danish	235	125	110	10	10	0
Dutch	2,105	935	1,165	155	75	80
Frisian	60	30	30	10	0	0
German	6,335	3,180	3,155	1,130	585	540
Icelandic	100	40	60	0	0	0
Norwegian	150	105	40	30	15	15
Swedish	245	115	130	30	20	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	30	15	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	125	45	85	0	0	0
Greek	1,315	670	645	15	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	6,535	3,635	2,900	315	190	125
Indo-Aryan languages	4,935	2,790	2,140	300	180	120
Bengali	625	350	275	20	10	10
Gujarati	240	150	90	50	45	0
Hindi	2,270	1,300	975	170	115	55
Kashmiri	15	0	10	0	0	0
Konkani	15	15	0	0	0	0
Marathi	135	85	45	0	0	0
Nepali	620	315	305	10	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,010	570	445	150	70	80
Sindhi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	125	120	0	0	0
Urdu	1,090	660	425	50	20	30
Iranian languages	1,625	865	755	15	10	0
Kurdish	185	110	75	0	0	0
Pashto	85	55	30	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,385	725	660	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,365	4,270	5,100	1,125	495	635
Catalan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Italian	1,665	845	820	130	45	80
Portuguese	910	480	430	55	30	25
Romanian	240	140	105	15	0	10
Spanish	6,990	3,020	3,970	975	440	540
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	70	55	20	0	0	0
Japanese	865	335	530	105	55	50
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	10	0	0	0	10
Korean	1,530	685	850	70	20	50
Mongolic languages	10	0	10	0	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,340	715	620	60	40	25
Akan (Twi)	65	40	30	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Edo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ewe	80	50	30	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ganda	60	15	40	0	0	0
Igbo	70	45	30	0	0	0
Lingala	30	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	130	65	65	0	0	0
Shona	65	40	35	10	10	0
Swahili	370	200	175	15	10	10
Wolof	35	15	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	250	125	125	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	300	175	130	30	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	30	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,605	555	1,045	55	25	30
American Sign Language	795	235	555	40	20	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	815	325	495	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,135	3,615	3,515	305	150	160
Chinese languages	7,115	3,610	3,500	300	150	155
Cantonese	1,555	730	820	180	105	80
Hakka	45	25	25	10	0	0
Mandarin	5,435	2,720	2,710	185	85	100
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	195	75	120	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	30	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	575	340	245	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	15	10	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tibetan	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	240	110	130	40	20	20
Lao	20	0	10	10	0	0
Thai	220	100	120	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	620	320	300	15	15	0
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	0	0	0
Turkish	480	225	255	10	0	0
Uyghur	15	0	10	10	0	0
Uzbek	105	60	40	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	430	200	230	120	65	50
Estonian	50	25	20	0	0	0
Finnish	120	55	70	45	15	25
Hungarian	255	115	140	75	45	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	908,340	440,735	467,605	35,110	17,645	17,465
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	878,415	425,340	453,070	32,960	16,610	16,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	159,440	81,575	77,870	7,085	3,700	3,385
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	718,970	343,770	375,200	25,870	12,910	12,965
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	29,930	15,395	14,535	2,150	1,030	1,115
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	908,340	440,730	467,605	35,115	17,645	17,465
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	842,760	407,740	435,015	30,265	15,310	14,950
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	55,675	27,270	28,405	4,410	2,075	2,330
Before 1981	19,200	9,335	9,865	1,325	695	630
1981 to 1990	4,800	2,330	2,470	385	200	185
1991 to 2000	6,705	3,140	3,560	530	235	295
2001 to 2010	13,185	6,540	6,645	1,055	480	580
2001 to 2005	5,105	2,500	2,600	330	130	200
2006 to 2010	8,080	4,035	4,045	725	350	375
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	11,790	5,925	5,865	1,115	470	645
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	9,900	5,720	4,185	440	260	180
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	55,675	27,270	28,410	4,410	2,080	2,335
Under 5 years	7,280	3,495	3,785	460	205	255
5 to 14 years	10,445	5,240	5,205	765	370	390
15 to 24 years	10,170	4,670	5,500	915	420	495
25 to 44 years	22,980	11,315	11,660	1,970	930	1,035
45 years and over	4,800	2,550	2,250	305	145	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	55,680	27,270	28,410	4,410	2,080	2,335
Americas	10,610	4,830	5,780	705	295	410
Brazil	175	75	100	10	10	10
Colombia	175	90	85	15	10	10
El Salvador	95	50	45	10	0	0
Guyana	170	85	90	0	0	0
Haiti	55	30	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	480	210	275	15	0	15
Mexico	325	155	175	40	20	25
Peru	105	35	75	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	220	120	100	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,375	3,320	4,055	560	240	320
Other places of birth in Americas	1,430	675	750	45	15	25
Europe	22,110	11,195	10,920	1,735	945	785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	210	115	100	10	10	0
Croatia	180	75	105	10	10	0
France	610	330	280	80	45	30
Germany	2,600	1,270	1,330	435	245	195
Greece	505	270	235	0	0	0
Hungary	110	40	65	40	25	15
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	475	225	255	35	20	15
Italy	525	310	215	35	20	15
Netherlands	1,645	790	855	135	70	65
Poland	630	265	365	30	10	20
Portugal	220	140	80	10	0	0
Romania	180	100	80	15	10	10
Russian Federation	585	270	315	25	0	20
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	90	45	45	0	0	0
Ukraine	335	145	195	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	11,275	5,815	5,460	515	265	255
Other places of birth in Europe	1,930	985	945	350	215	140
Africa	3,525	1,855	1,675	175	125	55
Algeria	25	15	15	10	10	0
Egypt	770	395	370	0	10	0
Ethiopia	185	105	85	10	10	0
Kenya	125	75	50	10	10	10
Morocco	80	50	30	10	10	0
Nigeria	350	185	165	15	15	0
Somalia	65	30	35	20	15	0
South Africa, Republic of	460	205	250	50	25	25
Other places of birth in Africa	1,465	790	675	50	30	15
Asia	18,955	9,100	9,855	1,690	675	1,010
Afghanistan	100	40	60	0	0	0
Bangladesh	315	180	135	15	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,830	1,140	1,685	225	80	145
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	280	130	155	10	10	0
India	2,225	1,190	1,040	110	55	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	970	525	440	15	10	0
Iraq	525	250	285	0	0	0
Japan	225	60	170	20	15	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	870	340	530	55	20	30
Lebanon	1,370	755	610	0	0	0
Pakistan	615	315	295	25	15	15
Philippines	2,570	1,035	1,540	1,010	385	630
Sri Lanka	310	140	175	10	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,150	565	580	0	10	0
Taiwan	225	100	120	0	10	10
Viet Nam	450	205	245	60	25	30
Other places of birth in Asia	3,930	2,130	1,795	120	50	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	480	295	180	110	40	70
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	11,785	5,920	5,870	1,115	470	645
Americas	1,390	675	715	85	30	55
Brazil	95	40	55	10	10	0
Colombia	15	0	15	0	0	10
Cuba	70	40	30	10	0	10
Haiti	20	15	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	195	100	95	0	0	0
Mexico	105	55	45	25	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	615	310	305	35	15	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	275	115	165	10	0	10
Europe	2,210	1,165	1,045	170	85	85
France	110	55	55	40	25	15
Germany	215	110	100	60	25	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	75	50	25	15	10	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	15	0	0	10
Romania	40	25	15	0	0	0
Russian Federation	180	75	100	10	0	10
Ukraine	140	55	80	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,080	620	460	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	355	165	190	35	20	20
Africa	1,085	600	485	20	10	10
Algeria	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	30	25	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	205	105	95	0	0	0
Eritrea	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ethiopia	45	35	10	0	0	0
Morocco	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	200	100	100	10	10	0
Somalia	10	0	10	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	365	220	150	10	0	0
Asia	7,035	3,435	3,600	835	345	495
Afghanistan	20	0	20	0	0	0
Bangladesh	80	50	30	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	985	465	520	40	20	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	0	0	0
India	900	490	410	40	15	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	260	135	125	15	10	0
Iraq	245	125	120	0	0	0
Israel	280	180	100	0	0	0
Japan	70	25	50	10	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	225	75	150	25	15	10
Lebanon	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nepal	185	95	85	0	0	0
Pakistan	145	80	65	15	10	0
Philippines	1,500	640	860	630	245	385
Saudi Arabia	125	75	50	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	100	55	50	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	890	420	460	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	100	55	40	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	70	45	20	0	0	0
Viet Nam	65	20	45	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	715	370	345	50	20	30
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	70	50	20	10	0	10
Australia	35	30	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	35	15	15	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	908,340	440,735	467,605	35,110	17,645	17,470
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	70,310	35,320	34,990	5,050	2,460	2,590
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	69,125	33,765	35,360	5,570	2,735	2,835
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	768,905	371,645	397,260	24,490	12,445	12,040
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	37,000	18,195	18,805	3,155	1,415	1,740
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	21,830	11,270	10,560	2,040	990	1,055
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	8,710	5,865	2,845	1,020	565	450
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	13,115	5,405	7,710	1,025	420	600
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	10,415	4,455	5,955	980	340	635
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,520	2,345	2,175	125	80	45
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	235	120	115	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	908,340	440,730	467,605	35,110	17,645	17,470
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	51,495	24,900	26,595	8,195	3,965	4,235
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	49,935	24,175	25,765	7,925	3,820	4,110
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	25,830	12,460	13,370	6,685	3,320	3,370
Métis	23,315	11,325	11,985	1,015	425	590
Inuk (Inuit)	795	385	410	230	75	150
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	835	425	410	160	85	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	725	300	420	105	60	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	856,850	415,835	441,015	26,915	13,680	13,235
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	908,340	440,735	467,610	35,110	17,645	17,470
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	18,940	9,135	9,805	5,915	2,990	2,920
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	889,405	431,595	457,800	29,200	14,650	14,545
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	908,340	440,735	467,610	35,110	17,640	17,470
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	15,055	7,255	7,805	3,740	1,855	1,880
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	14,780	7,120	7,655	3,650	1,805	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	11,995	5,790	6,210	3,405	1,710	1,700
Métis single ancestry	2,560	1,245	1,315	155	65	90
Inuit single ancestry	220	85	135	95	40	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	275	135	145	85	45	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	210	95	115	35	15	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	20	10	55	35	20
Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	20	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	58,980	27,665	31,315	4,580	2,140	2,445
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	56,830	26,660	30,170	4,325	2,035	2,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,375	15,975	18,400	3,515	1,680	1,835
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	21,200	10,120	11,080	660	285	380
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,255	560	690	145	70	75
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	2,145	1,005	1,140	260	110	150
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,850	855	995	160	60	100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	50	80	90	40	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	90	45	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	10	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	834,300	405,810	428,495	26,790	13,645	13,145
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	908,340	440,735	467,605	35,115	17,645	17,465
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	58,650	29,305	29,350	3,000	1,345	1,650
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	7,910	4,385	3,525	495	275	225
Chinese	8,640	4,210	4,435	415	175	240
Black	21,915	10,735	11,175	265	120	150
Filipino	3,400	1,485	1,920	1,190	480	715
Latin American	1,685	820	865	130	75	60
Arab	8,110	4,375	3,735	10	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,195	525	670	180	80	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,540	805	740	30	25	10
Korean	1,540	685	855	70	25	50
Japanese	695	295	405	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	630	300	330	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	1,385	690	695	125	60	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	849,690	411,430	438,260	32,110	16,295	15,815
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	908,340	440,730	467,610	35,110	17,640	17,470
North American Aboriginal origins	74,040	34,920	39,115	8,320	3,995	4,325
First Nations (North American Indian)	48,640	22,805	25,835	7,255	3,530	3,725
Inuit	1,840	830	1,010	390	190	200
Métis	26,025	12,435	13,585	1,020	430	590
Other North American origins	410,825	197,970	212,855	9,340	4,775	4,560
Acadian	23,700	11,050	12,650	165	60	100
American	7,515	3,730	3,785	675	310	365
Canadian	387,360	186,955	200,405	8,640	4,455	4,185
New Brunswicker	35	15	20	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	1,750	835	910	65	30	35
Nova Scotian	1,295	625	665	10	0	10
Ontarian	95	65	35	0	10	10
Québécois	380	190	185	85	40	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	0	15	10	0	10
European origins	621,525	299,755	321,760	24,985	12,525	12,465
British Isles origins	513,725	246,085	267,645	17,525	8,745	8,780
Channel Islander	90	25	60	0	0	0
Cornish	105	45	65	0	0	10
English	262,375	124,610	137,765	9,680	4,855	4,825
Irish	195,865	91,260	104,605	6,930	3,310	3,615
Manx	145	70	70	15	0	10
Scottish	272,880	129,640	143,240	8,295	4,060	4,230
Welsh	17,135	8,105	9,030	900	425	480
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	18,975	8,955	10,020	1,235	595	640
French origins	149,665	70,095	79,570	5,060	2,455	2,605
Alsatian	25	20	10	10	10	0
Breton	15	10	10	15	0	10
Corsican	20	20	0	0	0	0
French	149,625	70,065	79,565	5,040	2,445	2,600
Western European origins (except French origins)	125,110	59,420	65,690	7,690	3,805	3,885
Austrian	1,775	880	895	365	180	185
Bavarian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Belgian	2,615	1,320	1,305	175	85	85
Dutch	32,045	14,640	17,410	1,760	820	945
Flemish	160	80	80	10	0	10
Frisian	50	20	30	15	0	15
German	97,555	46,450	51,100	5,575	2,765	2,810
Luxembourger	30	20	10	0	0	0
Swiss	2,705	1,335	1,375	435	270	170
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	75	60	30	0	35
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	14,985	7,075	7,910	3,335	1,625	1,715
Danish	3,700	1,695	2,005	550	270	275
Finnish	1,140	505	630	280	135	145
Icelandic	660	295	370	210	125	85
Norwegian	5,170	2,535	2,635	1,380	690	685
Swedish	3,565	1,575	1,990	1,095	505	590
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,365	750	620	205	105	100
Eastern European origins	29,685	14,315	15,370	4,495	2,195	2,305
Bulgarian	280	130	145	45	15	25
Byelorussian	195	85	105	15	15	10
Czech	1,165	620	545	180	105	75
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	420	175	245	45	10	30
Estonian	345	185	165	15	10	0
Hungarian	2,700	1,320	1,380	485	250	235
Latvian	380	160	220	45	30	20
Lithuanian	1,150	510	635	35	15	25
Moldovan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Polish	11,575	5,525	6,050	1,135	530	605
Romanian	1,190	540	650	130	60	70
Russian	4,775	2,210	2,570	825	365	460
Slovak	610	320	290	110	60	50
Ukrainian	9,115	4,475	4,640	2,200	1,055	1,145
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	310	150	160	35	15	15
Southern European origins	28,680	13,790	14,890	1,495	690	795
Albanian	285	140	145	10	0	10
Bosnian	155	75	75	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	680	325	360	60	25	30
Cypriot	40	30	15	0	0	0
Greek	3,360	1,705	1,650	90	50	40
Italian	15,620	7,605	8,015	920	400	520
Kosovar	255	115	145	0	0	0
Macedonian	165	90	80	15	10	0
Maltese	440	215	220	0	0	10
Montenegrin	20	10	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	3,580	1,700	1,880	65	35	40
Serbian	255	120	135	10	10	0
Sicilian	40	20	15	10	0	10
Slovenian	150	70	85	45	15	30
Spanish	4,300	1,875	2,425	265	140	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	400	205	200	30	15	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	85	50	40	0	0	0
Other European origins	5,465	2,845	2,625	455	175	275
Basque	160	75	85	20	0	15
Jewish	2,040	1,040	1,000	155	50	100
Roma (Gypsy)	135	110	25	10	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	25	25	0	30	10	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	3,145	1,610	1,535	250	115	130
Caribbean origins	5,220	2,580	2,640	165	70	95
Antiguan	100	50	55	0	0	0
Bahamian	230	105	115	0	0	0
Barbadian	575	300	275	0	10	0
Bermudan	185	90	100	0	0	0
Carib	45	30	10	0	0	0
Cuban	340	145	195	15	10	10
Dominican	150	85	65	0	10	0
Grenadian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	115	50	65	0	0	0
Jamaican	2,075	1,050	1,025	90	40	50
Kittitian/Nevisian	45	15	30	0	0	0
Martinican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	115	40	75	0	0	0
St. Lucian	65	20	50	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	325	170	155	20	10	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	35	20	15	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	785	420	365	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	330	155	180	10	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,055	1,525	1,525	210	110	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	185	90	100	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	65	40	25	30	20	20
Belizean	25	20	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Brazilian	280	140	135	20	15	10
Chilean	130	80	45	25	20	0
Colombian	430	210	225	25	15	10
Costa Rican	35	10	25	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Guatemalan	90	65	35	0	0	0
Guyanese	350	160	195	10	0	10
Hispanic	60	35	25	0	0	0
Honduran	50	35	20	10	0	0
Maya	70	35	30	0	0	0
Mexican	810	415	395	90	50	40
Nicaraguan	45	20	25	0	0	0
Panamanian	25	10	15	0	0	10
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	180	85	95	0	0	10
Salvadorean	110	75	35	10	0	10
Uruguayan	15	0	20	0	0	0
Venezuelan	80	50	30	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	185	80	105	0	10	0
African origins	17,655	8,560	9,095	350	165	190
Central and West African origins	1,335	700	635	55	30	30
Akan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Angolan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	10	0	0	0	0
Beninese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cameroonian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	180	95	85	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ghanaian	185	105	85	10	0	15
Guinean	30	20	10	0	0	0
Ibo	90	50	40	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malinké	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	445	240	210	10	10	10
Peulh	0	10	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	80	45	35	0	0	0
Togolese	70	30	35	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	65	25	45	10	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	120	65	50	30	20	10
North African origins	2,030	1,045	980	35	15	15
Algerian	85	45	40	10	10	0
Berber	70	50	20	0	10	0
Coptic	30	10	20	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,295	695	600	10	0	0
Libyan	215	105	110	0	0	0
Maure	10	0	10	15	0	15
Moroccan	130	60	70	0	10	0
Sudanese	130	50	80	0	10	0
Tunisian	65	25	35	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	90	40	50	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	1,865	920	945	125	60	65
Afrikaner	25	10	20	0	0	10
Amhara	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burundian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	160	85	75	0	0	0
Ethiopian	280	120	155	0	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	160	85	75	15	0	10
Malagasy	20	0	15	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Oromo	25	15	15	0	0	0
Rwandan	105	55	50	0	0	10
Seychellois	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	180	75	100	15	10	0
South African	520	255	265	55	20	35
Tanzanian	60	45	20	0	0	0
Tigrian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ugandan	60	25	40	0	0	0
Zambian	80	35	50	10	0	0
Zimbabwean	100	55	45	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	170	100	75	10	10	10
Other African origins	12,620	5,990	6,635	135	60	80
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,255	1,060	1,195	10	10	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	10,460	4,965	5,495	130	55	75
Asian origins	42,500	21,445	21,050	2,855	1,260	1,595
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	17,205	8,915	8,295	195	105	90
Afghan	230	80	150	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,600	835	770	15	10	10
Armenian	265	160	110	25	10	15
Assyrian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	0	0	0
Georgian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,405	785	620	20	10	10
Iraqi	595	270	325	0	0	0
Israeli	245	120	120	0	0	0
Jordanian	260	150	115	0	0	0
Kazakh	45	30	20	0	0	0
Kurd	230	120	115	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	245	115	130	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	7,445	3,815	3,630	60	40	15
Palestinian	990	535	455	10	0	0
Pashtun	30	15	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	725	470	255	0	0	0
Syrian	2,190	1,090	1,100	10	0	0
Tajik	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tatar	40	15	25	10	10	0
Turk	690	320	370	30	15	15
Turkmen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Uighur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	90	60	30	15	15	10
Yemeni	205	105	95	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	780	410	370	0	0	10
South Asian origins	8,495	4,690	3,805	460	260	200
Bangladeshi	240	135	110	25	15	10
Bengali	65	40	20	0	0	0
Bhutanese	225	100	125	0	0	0
East Indian	6,255	3,460	2,795	320	160	160
Goan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	430	220	210	0	0	0
Pakistani	665	405	260	60	25	30
Punjabi	230	110	115	0	0	0
Sinhalese	40	10	30	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	340	150	190	20	20	0
Tamil	60	30	35	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	470	290	175	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	16,715	7,850	8,870	2,180	895	1,285
Burmese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	15	40	0	0	0
Chinese	9,695	4,720	4,980	625	245	380
Filipino	3,580	1,585	1,995	1,330	555	780
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	140	65	75	20	10	15
Japanese	905	385	515	95	50	50
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,590	700	895	85	25	55
Laotian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	80	30	45	45	10	40
Mongolian	55	30	30	15	0	10
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	240	100	140	0	0	0
Thai	245	85	155	25	10	15
Tibetan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	760	355	410	85	50	35
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	75	45	25	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	410	190	215	25	0	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	410	190	215	25	0	20
Oceania origins	895	450	445	170	75	95
Australian	490	255	235	85	35	45
New Zealander	290	155	130	60	30	35
Pacific Islands origins	125	55	70	35	25	10
Fijian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Maori	40	20	25	20	20	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Samoan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	0	20	10	0	10
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
Owner	276,095	...	...	9,680	...	...
Renter	123,595	...	...	5,005	...	...
Band housing	2,300	...	...	525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
Condominium	13,370	...	...	1,495	...	...
Not condominium	388,625	...	...	13,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
No bedrooms	1,140	...	...	125	...	...
1 bedroom	45,675	...	...	2,515	...	...
2 bedrooms	105,410	...	...	4,295	...	...
3 bedrooms	158,975	...	...	5,070	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	90,785	...	...	3,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	87,755	...	...	5,155	...	...
5 rooms	64,655	...	...	2,680	...	...
6 rooms	66,855	...	...	2,340	...	...
7 rooms	57,085	...	...	1,760	...	...
8 or more rooms	125,635	...	...	3,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	399,855	...	...	14,975	...	...
More than 1 person per room	2,130	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
Suitable	390,445	...	...	14,490	...	...
Not suitable	11,540	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
1960 or before	112,530	...	...	1,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	113,715	...	...	4,625	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,105	...	...	2,330	...	...
1991 to 2000	49,825	...	...	2,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	23,045	...	...	1,040	...	...
2006 to 2010	23,925	...	...	1,435	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	19,840	...	...	1,845	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	366,615	...	...	13,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	35,375	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 household maintainer	241,800	...	...	9,065	...	...
2 household maintainers	152,970	...	...	5,690	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	7,220	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	401,990	...	...	15,215	...	...
15 to 24 years	14,575	...	...	425	...	...
25 to 34 years	49,695	...	...	2,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	59,550	...	...	2,810	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,555	...	...	3,275	...	...
55 to 64 years	85,360	...	...	3,605	...	...
65 to 74 years	66,865	...	...	1,875	...	...
75 to 84 years	35,980	...	...	685	...	...
85 years and over	12,405	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	395,860	...	...	14,545	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	310,540	...	...	11,865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	85,315	...	...	2,680	...	...
30% to less than 100%	74,290	...	...	2,340	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	273,525	...	...	9,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.2	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.0	...	...	12.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	819	...	...	1,239	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	987	...	...	1,325	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	199,886	...	...	358,721	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	230,441	...	...	371,716	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	123,060	...	...	5,010	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.3	...	...	25.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.8	...	...	29.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	849	...	...	967	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	909	...	...	1,038	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	774,745	372,455	402,295	28,880	14,315	14,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	153,705	79,885	73,825	4,715	2,640	2,075
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	195,900	95,205	100,695	6,830	3,325	3,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	425,140	197,365	227,775	17,335	8,350	8,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	76,810	54,075	22,735	3,140	2,450	695
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	42,625	25,015	17,610	1,225	785	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	34,185	29,060	5,125	1,915	1,660	250
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	168,805	67,030	101,775	6,120	2,520	3,595
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,380	6,975	11,405	820	325	495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	161,150	69,290	91,855	7,255	3,055	4,195
Bachelor's degree	108,385	45,185	63,205	4,790	1,955	2,835
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,495	4,020	5,475	435	175	260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,700	2,595	2,110	190	115	80
Master's degree	32,645	13,840	18,805	1,700	750	950
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,925	3,655	2,270	135	65	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	494,505	237,795	256,710	21,030	10,190	10,840
No certificate, diploma or degree	60,280	34,820	25,460	2,255	1,400	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	116,280	57,600	58,675	4,400	2,065	2,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	317,950	145,375	172,570	14,380	6,725	7,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	52,370	37,255	15,115	2,395	1,880	515
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,105	17,300	11,810	885	560	330
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	23,265	19,955	3,310	1,510	1,320	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	128,010	51,890	76,120	4,975	2,020	2,960
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,595	4,325	7,275	665	250	410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	125,970	51,905	74,065	6,340	2,575	3,765
Bachelor's degree	85,240	34,830	50,410	4,190	1,660	2,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,895	2,610	4,285	375	140	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,775	1,850	1,925	165	90	75
Master's degree	26,025	10,380	15,640	1,495	625	870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,045	2,240	1,805	110	50	55
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	774,750	372,455	402,295	28,880	14,310	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	349,605	175,090	174,520	11,545	5,960	5,580
Education	31,395	8,460	22,930	1,550	510	1,040
13. Education	31,390	8,465	22,930	1,545	505	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,700	5,095	5,605	525	215	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,070	1,565	505	60	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	8,635	3,530	5,100	465	170	295
Humanities	18,830	7,520	11,310	840	370	470
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,175	355	820	85	15	70
23. English language and literature/letters	5,110	1,530	3,580	220	100	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,545	1,540	3,000	230	95	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	65	25	35	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,240	675	565	70	50	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,200	1,340	860	95	70	25
54. History	3,615	1,865	1,755	120	45	75
55. French language and literature/letters	880	190	695	25	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40,155	11,980	28,175	2,095	700	1,390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	635	145	490	60	0	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,285	1,260	2,025	175	45	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,115	750	8,365	400	35	365
22. Legal professions and studies	6,110	1,920	4,185	285	135	155
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	610	135	475	45	10	35
42. Psychology	8,170	2,060	6,110	280	85	200
45. Social sciences	12,240	5,710	6,520	845	390	455
Business, management and public administration	93,075	27,030	66,045	3,315	960	2,355
30.16 Accounting and computer science	205	55	150	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,285	1,345	4,940	525	125	395
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	86,590	25,630	60,960	2,785	835	1,955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15,340	7,650	7,685	690	360	330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,910	2,990	3,925	385	195	185
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,340	1,455	1,880	95	40	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	165	35	120	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	4,260	3,005	1,255	180	105	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	665	165	500	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,745	9,355	6,390	405	200	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,750	8,055	4,695	285	165	120
25. Library science	1,210	175	1,040	45	10	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,590	995	600	70	20	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	200	135	65	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	92,920	87,340	5,580	3,570	3,250	325
04. Architecture and related services	1,370	860	510	95	70	25
14. Engineering	11,925	10,290	1,640	470	365	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,805	16,110	1,695	515	455	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	15	0	10
46. Construction trades	24,800	24,235	570	1,210	1,155	60
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25,465	24,680	780	990	955	35
48. Precision production	11,545	11,165	380	280	255	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,630	4,615	3,015	820	465	355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,215	2,160	2,055	125	70	60
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,410	2,450	960	690	395	295
Health and related fields	66,770	10,595	56,175	2,200	515	1,685
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,560	1,730	1,825	215	90	125
51. Health professions and related programs	61,755	7,955	53,800	1,945	400	1,545
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,460	910	550	40	20	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	32,535	17,700	14,830	1,330	805	525
12. Personal and culinary services	17,625	4,455	13,170	640	215	425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	250	240	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	905	850	50	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	4,540	3,535	1,005	225	155	65
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,220	8,625	600	455	420	35
Other	45	10	40	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	10	40	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	494,505	237,795	256,710	21,030	10,190	10,840
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	176,560	92,420	84,135	6,655	3,460	3,195
Education	20,590	4,940	15,650	1,245	385	865
13. Education	20,585	4,940	15,650	1,245	380	860
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,145	3,855	4,285	480	200	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,515	1,140	375	55	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	6,630	2,715	3,915	420	150	270
Humanities	13,745	5,275	8,465	675	300	380
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	895	280	615	70	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	3,800	1,095	2,705	190	90	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,425	1,125	2,305	165	65	105
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	35	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	910	490	420	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,330	795	535	80	70	15
54. History	2,710	1,340	1,370	95	25	70
55. French language and literature/letters	620	130	490	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	32,650	9,150	23,500	1,850	620	1,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	520	110	410	50	10	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,750	1,030	1,720	155	40	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,395	580	6,810	325	20	300
22. Legal professions and studies	5,225	1,380	3,845	275	130	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	460	100	355	45	10	30
42. Psychology	6,545	1,580	4,970	245	70	175
45. Social sciences	9,755	4,360	5,390	750	335	415
Business, management and public administration	69,255	20,285	48,970	2,750	750	1,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	175	40	135	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,140	1,025	4,120	435	95	335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	63,935	19,220	44,715	2,315	655	1,655
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,075	5,385	5,690	620	310	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,285	2,240	3,045	330	165	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,390	1,030	1,360	85	35	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	30	100	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	2,910	2,005	905	165	90	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	365	85	275	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	13,625	8,240	5,385	335	165	165
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	11,505	7,330	4,170	260	150	110
25. Library science	815	115	700	35	10	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,130	660	470	35	10	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	175	125	50	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	67,930	63,180	4,750	2,810	2,530	285
04. Architecture and related services	1,020	585	430	75	50	25
14. Engineering	8,585	7,230	1,355	385	295	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,410	11,920	1,495	420	360	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	18,355	17,835	515	1,000	940	60
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,540	17,910	625	735	695	35
48. Precision production	8,020	7,700	325	190	175	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,995	3,475	2,520	735	410	330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,270	1,570	1,695	110	60	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,725	1,905	825	625	350	275
Health and related fields	50,220	8,215	42,010	1,835	440	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,730	1,350	1,380	185	75	110
51. Health professions and related programs	46,385	6,215	40,165	1,615	350	1,270
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,110	650	460	35	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,685	13,375	11,310	1,035	625	415
12. Personal and culinary services	13,490	3,480	10,000	510	175	325
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	205	200	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	475	435	40	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,465	2,655	815	185	125	60
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,045	6,595	450	345	315	30
Other	45	10	40	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	10	35	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	774,745	372,455	402,295	28,880	14,310	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	349,605	175,090	174,515	11,545	5,965	5,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	425,145	197,365	227,775	17,335	8,350	8,985
Location of study inside Canada	396,690	182,875	213,810	14,515	6,955	7,565
Same as province or territory of residence	315,140	141,965	173,175	3,915	1,885	2,030
Different than province or territory of residence	81,550	40,915	40,640	10,600	5,070	5,530
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	28,450	14,485	13,965	2,820	1,395	1,425
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,950	4,110	3,840	635	345	290
Philippines	1,530	540	995	575	210	360
India	1,755	935	825	105	65	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	5,530	3,225	2,305	265	115	150
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,080	445	635	40	15	25
France	350	210	145	60	35	25
Other	10,255	5,030	5,225	1,150	610	535
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	494,510	237,800	256,710	21,035	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	176,560	92,420	84,140	6,655	3,465	3,190
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	317,950	145,380	172,575	14,380	6,730	7,650
Location of study inside Canada	297,430	135,465	161,965	12,045	5,580	6,460
Same as province or territory of residence	236,720	105,480	131,235	3,120	1,450	1,665
Different than province or territory of residence	60,710	29,980	30,730	8,925	4,125	4,795
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	20,525	9,915	10,605	2,330	1,145	1,190
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,905	2,370	2,540	455	245	210
Philippines	1,415	520	900	550	210	340
India	1,385	725	660	85	55	35
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,455	1,930	1,525	180	95	90
China^{Census data footnote 162}	810	335	475	30	10	20
France	245	140	100	55	35	20
Other	8,305	3,900	4,405	975	505	470
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	774,750	372,455	402,290	28,880	14,315	14,570
In the labour force	474,595	242,775	231,820	21,800	11,005	10,790
Employed	427,310	215,010	212,305	19,790	9,765	10,025
Unemployed	47,280	27,765	19,520	2,010	1,240	770
Not in the labour force	300,155	129,680	170,475	7,080	3,305	3,775
Participation rate	61.3	65.2	57.6	75.5	76.9	74.1
Employment rate	55.2	57.7	52.8	68.5	68.2	68.8
Unemployment rate	10.0	11.4	8.4	9.2	11.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	774,750	372,455	402,295	28,880	14,315	14,570
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	274,375	117,550	156,825	5,980	2,785	3,190
Worked	500,370	254,905	245,465	22,900	11,525	11,375
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	252,820	135,940	116,880	10,870	5,465	5,400
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	247,550	118,965	128,585	12,035	6,060	5,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.5	41.7	41.1	40.3	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	474,590	242,775	231,820	21,795	11,005	10,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,800	4,470	395	220	175
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	21,405	10,785	10,615
Employee	420,745	210,170	210,570	18,805	9,165	9,640
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	44,585	27,805	16,775	2,595	1,620	975
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	474,595	242,775	231,820	21,800	11,005	10,790
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,800	4,470	395	220	175
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	21,405	10,785	10,615
0 Management occupations	45,530	27,170	18,365	2,460	1,325	1,135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	67,495	17,930	49,565	3,465	740	2,720
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	27,450	21,980	5,465	1,390	1,055	330
3 Health occupations	37,600	6,290	31,310	1,225	255	970
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	58,165	20,975	37,185	3,620	1,275	2,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	12,490	5,560	6,930	790	340	445
6 Sales and service occupations	113,135	45,385	67,750	3,960	1,655	2,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	67,625	64,200	3,430	3,650	3,395	245
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	18,380	15,730	2,650	505	450	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,460	12,755	4,705	350	285	65
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	474,595	242,775	231,820	21,795	11,005	10,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,795	4,465	395	220	175
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	21,405	10,785	10,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	17,775	14,165	3,610	245	190	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,025	3,630	390	505	435	70
22 Utilities	2,880	2,115	760	160	115	50
23 Construction	33,555	30,185	3,370	2,055	1,810	245
31-33 Manufacturing	32,375	23,565	8,810	340	230	105
41 Wholesale trade	13,345	9,650	3,690	325	240	85
44-45 Retail trade	59,570	26,295	33,280	1,975	1,015	965
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	19,660	14,980	4,680	1,065	765	300
51 Information and cultural industries	9,310	5,250	4,055	535	300	240
52 Finance and insurance	15,240	5,690	9,545	305	95	205
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	6,870	3,890	2,980	200	105	95
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,065	14,090	11,975	1,290	650	645
55 Management of companies and enterprises	625	255	365	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,240	12,950	9,295	565	330	235
61 Educational services	35,480	11,705	23,780	1,635	515	1,110
62 Health care and social assistance	64,390	10,435	53,955	2,070	400	1,670
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,385	4,555	4,835	595	290	310
72 Accommodation and food services	33,115	12,095	21,025	1,545	605	940
81 Other services (except public administration)	19,195	8,875	10,320	775	415	355
91 Public administration	40,225	23,590	16,635	5,205	2,280	2,925
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	427,310	215,010	212,300	19,790	9,760	10,025
Worked at home	28,075	13,780	14,300	1,425	770	655
Worked outside Canada	1,665	1,185	485	25	0	20
No fixed workplace address	51,545	38,965	12,575	2,330	1,790	540
Worked at usual place	346,020	161,075	184,945	16,010	7,195	8,815
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	346,020	161,075	184,945	16,015	7,195	8,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	251,000	116,125	134,875	13,505	6,025	7,480
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	57,510	23,850	33,655	2,270	1,035	1,230
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	32,230	17,425	14,805	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	5,285	3,675	1,610	240	130	105
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	397,570	200,045	197,525	18,340	8,990	9,355
Car, truck, van - as a driver	310,240	159,660	150,580	13,995	7,130	6,865
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	29,150	12,090	17,055	1,100	385	710
Public transit	25,315	11,425	13,890	720	310	405
Walked	24,870	11,635	13,235	1,735	640	1,090
Bicycle	2,480	1,695	785	475	285	190
Other method	5,520	3,535	1,985	325	230	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	397,565	200,045	197,525	18,340	8,990	9,355
Less than 15 minutes	136,245	62,375	73,880	9,740	4,695	5,040
15 to 29 minutes	145,310	73,055	72,260	6,200	3,045	3,150
30 to 44 minutes	69,795	37,770	32,025	1,400	625	770
45 to 59 minutes	24,405	13,070	11,335	465	220	240
60 minutes and over	21,815	13,785	8,030	550	405	145
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	397,570	200,045	197,520	18,345	8,990	9,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	23,775	16,345	7,430	515	340	180
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	76,185	44,615	31,570	1,930	1,150	780
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	119,920	60,740	59,185	6,185	3,220	2,965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	83,505	32,835	50,670	5,785	2,450	3,335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35,470	14,005	21,465	1,905	805	1,100
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	58,715	31,510	27,205	2,020	1,025	995
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	514,080	261,365	252,710	23,495	11,810	11,685
Single responses	510,800	259,940	250,860	23,330	11,730	11,595
Official languages	509,100	258,990	250,105	23,230	11,700	11,535
English	502,960	256,380	246,585	22,970	11,600	11,370
French	6,135	2,615	3,525	265	95	165
Non-official languages	1,705	950	755	95	35	60
Aboriginal languages	650	350	295	25	0	20
Algonquian languages	650	355	295	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	645	350	290	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	645	355	295	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	0	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,055	600	455	65	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	150	45	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	190	150	45	0	0	0
Amharic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Arabic	165	135	30	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	10	15	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	385	225	160	25	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	15	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	20	10	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	25	20	10	0	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	190	115	75	15	15	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	155	85	65	15	15	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	20	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	20	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	15	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	10	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	50	60	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	75	30	40	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	10	25	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	20	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	310	165	145	30	15	15
Chinese languages	305	165	145	25	15	15
Cantonese	80	45	35	20	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	210	105	110	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,270	1,420	1,850	170	75	90
English and French	2,295	950	1,345	75	35	35
English and non-official language	930	460	470	85	40	40
French and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	40	15	30	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	514,075	261,365	252,710	23,490	11,805	11,690
None	491,875	250,710	241,170	21,955	11,190	10,765
English	5,115	2,370	2,745	215	85	130
French	13,405	6,555	6,855	825	330	500
Non-official language	3,430	1,600	1,825	480	205	275
Aboriginal	855	365	490	175	65	105
Non-Aboriginal	2,570	1,240	1,330	305	135	165
English and French	10	0	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	230	130	105	20	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	900,450	436,790	463,660	34,705	17,455	17,250
Non-movers	792,100	384,560	407,535	28,875	14,455	14,430
Movers	108,350	52,230	56,120	5,825	3,000	2,825
Non-migrants	68,165	32,930	35,235	3,635	1,895	1,740
Migrants	40,185	19,300	20,885	2,190	1,105	1,085
Internal migrants	33,720	16,055	17,665	1,945	990	955
Intraprovincial migrants	18,480	8,390	10,090	545	260	285
Interprovincial migrants	15,240	7,665	7,570	1,395	725	670
External migrants	6,470	3,240	3,225	250	115	130
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	866,425	419,580	446,845	32,985	16,505	16,480
Non-movers	582,705	283,125	299,575	18,040	9,055	8,985
Movers	283,720	136,455	147,265	14,945	7,450	7,495
Non-migrants	169,570	81,405	88,165	8,245	4,195	4,050
Migrants	114,150	55,045	59,100	6,705	3,255	3,445
Internal migrants	94,885	45,015	49,860	5,510	2,680	2,835
Intraprovincial migrants	50,330	23,230	27,095	1,230	590	645
Interprovincial migrants	44,555	21,785	22,770	4,280	2,090	2,190
External migrants	19,270	10,035	9,240	1,190	580	610

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Nova Scotia [Province] and Yukon [Economic region], Yukon (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and Yukon [Economic region], Yukon

Census Profile, 2016 Census Nova Scotia [Province] and Yukon [Economic region], Yukon

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and Yukon [Economic region], Yukon