Census Profile, 2016 Census
Halifax, County [Census division], Nova Scotia and Winnipeg Centre [Federal electoral district], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Halifax, CTY Nova Scotia [Census division]			Winnipeg Centre Manitoba [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Halifax, County [Census division], Nova Scotia Map : Halifax, County [Census division], Nova Scotia Change geography 1			Data quality : Winnipeg Centre [Federal electoral district], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	403,390	...	...	85,949	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	390,328	...	...	82,026	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.3	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	187,478	...	...	41,305	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	173,459	...	...	37,178	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	73.4	...	...	3,021.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5,496.31	...	...	28.45	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	403,390	195,330	208,060	85,945	43,090	42,855
0 to 14 years	60,535	30,920	29,625	14,605	7,465	7,135
0 to 4 years	19,790	10,085	9,710	5,375	2,755	2,620
5 to 9 years	20,745	10,625	10,125	4,820	2,450	2,365
10 to 14 years	20,000	10,210	9,790	4,410	2,260	2,150
15 to 64 years	279,680	136,280	143,400	61,235	31,360	29,880
15 to 19 years	22,345	11,320	11,025	4,775	2,435	2,340
20 to 24 years	30,225	15,020	15,210	6,620	3,210	3,405
25 to 29 years	30,205	15,180	15,020	8,170	4,090	4,075
30 to 34 years	27,470	13,495	13,980	7,865	4,015	3,850
35 to 39 years	25,710	12,285	13,430	6,735	3,445	3,285
40 to 44 years	26,645	12,815	13,835	5,675	2,950	2,725
45 to 49 years	27,735	13,170	14,565	5,590	2,895	2,690
50 to 54 years	32,665	15,860	16,805	5,960	3,185	2,775
55 to 59 years	30,610	14,810	15,795	5,390	2,825	2,560
60 to 64 years	26,065	12,330	13,735	4,460	2,295	2,170
65 years and over	63,170	28,130	35,040	10,110	4,270	5,845
65 to 69 years	22,510	10,635	11,880	3,540	1,715	1,820
70 to 74 years	15,525	7,250	8,280	2,220	1,020	1,200
75 to 79 years	10,440	4,700	5,740	1,580	635	945
80 to 84 years	7,505	3,195	4,310	1,210	450	755
85 years and over	7,190	2,355	4,835	1,560	445	1,120
85 to 89 years	4,405	1,585	2,825	915	315	600
90 to 94 years	2,115	615	1,505	480	105	375
95 to 99 years	610	145	460	135	25	110
100 years and over	60	10	50	30	0	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.8	14.2	17.0	17.3	16.6
15 to 64 years	69.3	69.8	68.9	71.2	72.8	69.7
65 years and over	15.7	14.4	16.8	11.8	9.9	13.6
85 years and over	1.8	1.2	2.3	1.8	1.0	2.6
Average age of the population	40.9	39.9	41.8	37.7	36.9	38.4
Median age of the population	41.0	39.8	42.1	35.6	35.4	35.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	173,460	...	...	37,175	...	...
Single-detached house	86,615	...	...	15,460	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	21,005	...	...	9,975	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	61,850	...	...	11,745	...	...
Semi-detached house	11,790	...	...	425	...	...
Row house	6,655	...	...	325	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,275	...	...	1,650	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	36,895	...	...	9,270	...	...
Other single-attached house	240	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	3,995	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	173,455	...	...	37,180	...	...
1 person	51,180	...	...	15,530	...	...
2 persons	64,425	...	...	10,245	...	...
3 persons	27,260	...	...	4,715	...	...
4 persons	21,020	...	...	3,510	...	...
5 or more persons	9,575	...	...	3,180	...	...
Number of persons in private households	397,630	...	...	82,675	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	342,850	164,410	178,440	71,345	35,630	35,720
Married or living common law	192,585	96,120	96,470	30,630	15,415	15,220
Married	154,070	76,915	77,160	23,485	11,830	11,650
Living common law	38,515	19,205	19,310	7,150	3,585	3,565
Not married and not living common law	150,265	68,295	81,970	40,715	20,210	20,500
Never married	102,415	52,850	49,565	29,325	15,890	13,435
Separated	9,785	4,175	5,610	2,360	1,120	1,235
Divorced	20,615	7,615	13,000	5,365	2,410	2,955
Widowed	17,450	3,655	13,800	3,670	790	2,880
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	113,625	...	...	19,880	...	...
2 persons	62,590	...	...	10,015	...	...
3 persons	24,880	...	...	4,465	...	...
4 persons	19,240	...	...	3,260	...	...
5 or more persons	6,920	...	...	2,145	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	113,630	...	...	19,880	...	...
Total couple families	94,735	...	...	14,545	...	...
Married couples	75,480	...	...	10,970	...	...
Common-law couples	19,255	...	...	3,575	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	18,890	...	...	5,335	...	...
Female parent	15,260	...	...	4,380	...	...
Male parent	3,630	...	...	955	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	94,730	...	...	14,545	...	...
Couples without children	50,640	...	...	6,800	...	...
Couples with children	44,090	...	...	7,750	...	...
1 child	19,595	...	...	3,135	...	...
2 children	17,945	...	...	2,785	...	...
3 or more children	6,545	...	...	1,825	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	18,895	...	...	5,335	...	...
1 child	11,950	...	...	3,210	...	...
2 children	5,280	...	...	1,330	...	...
3 or more children	1,665	...	...	795	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	84,200	39,385	44,815	24,245	12,930	11,315
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	173,460	...	...	37,180	...	...
One-census-family households	109,000	...	...	18,325	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	48,760	...	...	6,385	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	60,245	...	...	11,935	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,285	...	...	755	...	...
Non-census-family households	62,170	...	...	18,100	...	...
One-person households	51,185	...	...	15,530	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	10,985	...	...	2,575	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	399,570	193,735	205,840	83,940	42,070	41,875
English only	347,435	170,905	176,530	75,080	37,945	37,135
French only	340	155	185	155	75	85
English and French	49,585	21,650	27,935	6,395	3,050	3,345
Neither English nor French	2,210	1,020	1,185	2,305	1,000	1,305
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	399,575	193,735	205,840	83,940	42,070	41,875
English	386,350	187,275	199,075	79,835	40,120	39,715
French	9,895	4,910	4,980	1,445	750	690
English and French	1,210	570	640	410	220	195
Neither English nor French	2,115	975	1,145	2,250	970	1,285
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	10,505	5,195	5,305	1,650	865	780
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.0	2.1	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	399,575	193,735	205,840	83,940	42,065	41,875
Single responses	394,425	191,200	203,225	79,860	40,065	39,795
Official languages	363,555	175,515	188,045	52,360	26,850	25,505
English	353,420	170,520	182,895	50,965	26,120	24,845
French	10,145	4,990	5,145	1,390	735	660
Non-official languages	30,865	15,685	15,180	27,505	13,215	14,290
Aboriginal languages	80	40	35	1,205	465	740
Algonquian languages	60	35	30	1,155	445	710
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	0	425	160	265
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	0	85	35	50
Woods Cree	0	0	0	10	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	310	115	200
Eastern Algonquian languages	55	30	25	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	50	30	20	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	730	290	440
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	5	470	200	275
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	255	90	165
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	15	0	15
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	10	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakota	0	0	0	15	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	30,790	15,645	15,145	26,300	12,750	13,550
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,020	3,845	3,175	3,565	1,880	1,685
Berber languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	120	60	55	1,060	535	530
Bilen	5	0	5	80	50	35
Oromo	60	35	25	165	90	80
Somali	50	20	30	810	390	415
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	0
Semitic languages	6,890	3,780	3,110	2,485	1,335	1,150
Amharic	105	45	60	630	320	305
Arabic	6,430	3,550	2,880	855	485	370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	195	110	85	20	10	5
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	140	65	75	980	520	465
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	400	195	205	940	460	480
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	100	45	55
Vietnamese	395	195	200	845	415	430
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,665	730	935	11,590	5,380	6,210
Bikol	5	0	0	30	10	15
Cebuano	110	45	60	235	95	135
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	100	45	55
Ilocano	50	10	35	265	120	150
Malagasy	0	5	0	0	0	0
Malay	40	15	25	20	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	105	55	50
Pangasinan	5	0	0	40	20	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,415	625	790	10,750	5,000	5,750
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	20	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	25	15	10
Creole languages	55	40	15	85	45	40
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	25	5	35	25	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	50	25	25
Dravidian languages	870	510	360	160	90	70
Kannada	30	15	10	20	10	10
Malayalam	310	165	140	55	30	25
Tamil	255	155	100	40	30	15
Telugu	270	165	100	40	25	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	12,660	6,400	6,260	6,295	3,135	3,155
Albanian	250	125	125	15	5	10
Armenian	30	20	10	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,790	1,355	1,440	1,040	485	555
Baltic languages	55	15	40	15	5	5
Latvian	25	5	15	5	5	5
Lithuanian	35	5	25	5	0	5
Slavic languages	2,735	1,335	1,395	1,025	475	550
Belarusan	5	5	5	5	0	0
Bosnian	115	60	60	10	5	10
Bulgarian	40	15	25	20	10	10
Croatian	185	90	100	50	30	20
Czech	140	75	70	25	10	15
Macedonian	10	10	5	5	0	0
Polish	590	290	305	220	110	110
Russian	1,155	565	585	240	115	125
Serbian	110	55	60	35	25	10
Serbo-Croatian	80	40	40	10	5	5
Slovak	85	40	40	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	20	10	10
Ukrainian	190	95	100	375	145	230
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	45	20	25	5	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	2,075	995	1,080	1,190	520	675
Afrikaans	75	35	40	10	10	5
Danish	95	65	40	15	5	10
Dutch	490	235	255	90	50	40
Frisian	5	0	0	5	0	0
German	1,200	555	650	1,030	440	595
Icelandic	35	15	15	20	10	15
Norwegian	75	45	30	5	5	0
Swedish	65	25	40	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	5	10	5	5
Yiddish	10	10	5	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	660	335	325	85	45	35
Indo-Iranian languages	4,295	2,345	1,950	1,585	880	705
Indo-Aryan languages	2,945	1,645	1,300	1,325	735	590
Bengali	440	270	175	170	100	70
Gujarati	170	110	60	80	45	35
Hindi	660	400	260	215	130	90
Kashmiri	10	0	5	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0	5	5	0
Marathi	65	35	30	15	15	5
Nepali	525	255	270	325	160	165
Oriya (Odia)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	475	255	220	310	170	135
Sindhi	15	10	5	5	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	30	15	15
Urdu	435	245	195	180	100	75
Iranian languages	1,330	685	640	245	135	110
Kurdish	110	65	50	25	15	10
Pashto	65	35	30	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	1,145	585	560	200	110	90
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	2,515	1,210	1,305	2,380	1,210	1,170
Catalan	10	5	5	5	0	0
Italian	555	290	265	210	110	100
Portuguese	390	185	200	1,385	680	710
Romanian	185	90	95	35	15	20
Spanish	1,375	635	735	750	400	345
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	250	70	185	95	25	70
Kartvelian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	900	380	520	305	135	170
Mongolic languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	5	5	0	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	535	270	260	620	320	300
Akan (Twi)	35	15	15	10	15	5
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	0	5	5	0
Ewe	30	20	15	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	5	0	15	5	10
Ga	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	15	5	0	5
Igbo	30	15	15	10	5	5
Lingala	5	5	0	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	45	25	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	20	30	50	25	25
Shona	25	10	15	10	5	10
Swahili	120	60	60	240	120	120
Wolof	0	5	0	10	5	0
Yoruba	50	30	20	75	45	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	65	60	105	55	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	35	30	115	65	45
Dinka	10	5	5	70	35	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	45	35	15
Sign languages	115	55	60	35	20	20
American Sign Language	55	30	30	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	60	25	30	15	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,500	2,745	2,755	2,120	1,000	1,120
Chinese languages	5,480	2,735	2,740	1,775	825	950
Cantonese	925	430	500	940	410	525
Hakka	25	10	15	15	10	5
Mandarin	3,950	1,975	1,975	635	315	325
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95	45	50	45	20	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	25	15	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	435	250	180	135	70	60
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	340	170	170
Burmese	5	0	5	60	40	25
Karenic languages	0	0	0	245	125	125
Tibetan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	35	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	90	35	50	230	115	115
Lao	5	0	0	165	90	75
Thai	85	35	55	65	25	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	390	215	175	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	5	5	0
Turkish	250	135	115	20	15	5
Uyghur	5	0	5	5	0	5
Uzbek	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	0	5
Uralic languages	240	105	135	90	45	45
Estonian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	35	10	25	20	15	10
Hungarian	175	80	95	65	30	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	15	15	5
Multiple responses	5,155	2,535	2,615	4,080	2,000	2,080
English and French	1,780	815	960	315	170	145
English and non-official language	3,040	1,555	1,480	3,620	1,755	1,865
French and non-official language	170	90	85	85	45	40
English, French and non-official language	155	75	85	60	35	30
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	399,575	193,735	205,840	83,940	42,065	41,875
Single responses	391,280	189,555	201,725	75,345	37,905	37,445
Official languages	374,875	181,210	193,665	59,905	30,505	29,390
English	371,210	179,410	191,800	59,350	30,230	29,120
French	3,665	1,805	1,860	550	280	270
Non-official languages	16,405	8,345	8,060	15,445	7,395	8,050
Aboriginal languages	20	10	10	345	145	195
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	335	145	190
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	105	40	65
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	30	55
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	235	105	130
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	5	5	135	60	75
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	100	50	55
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	16,390	8,335	8,050	15,105	7,250	7,850
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,195	2,210	1,980	2,560	1,290	1,270
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	75	35	40	780	365	415
Bilen	5	0	5	75	40	35
Oromo	40	25	20	100	45	55
Somali	30	10	15	595	270	325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Semitic languages	4,120	2,180	1,940	1,780	925	855
Amharic	55	25	25	425	210	210
Arabic	3,845	2,040	1,805	655	355	300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	120	65	50	15	10	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	95	40	55	695	350	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	255	125	130	735	370	370
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	55	25	30
Vietnamese	255	125	130	680	345	340
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	890	435	460	6,495	3,055	3,440
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cebuano	50	20	30	60	30	30
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	40	15	20
Ilocano	15	5	5	80	35	45
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	5	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	45	25	25
Pangasinan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	825	400	420	6,240	2,935	3,305
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Creole languages	20	15	5	35	20	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	20	15	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	15	5	10
Dravidian languages	390	225	165	85	40	40
Kannada	15	5	10	10	10	5
Malayalam	130	75	60	40	20	20
Tamil	120	65	55	15	5	10
Telugu	125	75	50	20	5	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,500	2,760	2,740	2,810	1,365	1,445
Albanian	110	55	55	0	0	5
Armenian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,275	625	650	275	130	145
Baltic languages	15	5	10	5	0	5
Latvian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,255	620	635	270	130	145
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	65	35	35	5	5	0
Bulgarian	20	15	5	10	5	10
Croatian	60	25	35	15	5	10
Czech	40	25	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	180	80	100	45	25	25
Russian	740	370	370	115	50	65
Serbian	60	30	30	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	15	0	0	5
Slovak	25	10	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5	5	0	5
Ukrainian	45	30	20	65	30	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	5	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	360	175	185	100	40	60
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	45	20	25	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	240	115	125	90	35	55
Icelandic	25	15	15	5	0	0
Norwegian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	250	125	125	45	15	20
Indo-Iranian languages	2,550	1,335	1,215	1,080	565	515
Indo-Aryan languages	1,650	885	760	915	485	430
Bengali	230	125	105	90	50	40
Gujarati	95	60	30	40	25	15
Hindi	285	175	110	140	80	65
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	10	5	5	0
Nepali	470	235	235	285	135	145
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	100	105	225	120	100
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	40	40	20	10	10
Urdu	250	130	125	115	60	60
Iranian languages	895	445	450	160	75	85
Kurdish	85	50	35	20	10	5
Pashto	30	15	20	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	780	380	395	135	60	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	935	435	500	1,315	610	705
Catalan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Italian	130	55	75	90	35	55
Portuguese	150	70	85	865	405	460
Romanian	60	30	35	5	0	5
Spanish	585	275	310	355	170	185
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	80	25	55	30	15	20
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	610	270	345	200	85	115
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	150	70	80	290	145	140
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	5	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ga	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5	0	0	0
Igbo	10	5	10	5	5	0
Lingala	5	0	0	15	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	25	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	30	20	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	55	25	25	145	70	80
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	10	25	15	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	35	10	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	10	15	45	20	25
Dinka	0	0	0	25	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	20	10	5
Sign languages	155	75	80	35	20	10
American Sign Language	70	30	35	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	90	45	45	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,830	1,960	1,865	1,610	745	865
Chinese languages	3,825	1,960	1,860	1,325	600	720
Cantonese	525	280	250	745	320	425
Hakka	5	0	5	10	10	5
Mandarin	2,935	1,475	1,460	445	210	230
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	25	20	25	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	15	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	290	175	125	90	50	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	285	140	145
Burmese	0	0	0	45	25	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	215	110	105
Tibetan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	25	10	20
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	115	55	65
Lao	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thai	25	15	15	35	15	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	190	105	95	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	5	5	0	0
Turkish	120	65	55	10	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	35	30	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	25	30	25	20	10
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	10	5	5
Hungarian	45	20	25	15	10	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	5	0
Multiple responses	8,295	4,175	4,115	8,595	4,160	4,430
English and French	1,155	535	620	165	90	80
English and non-official language	6,815	3,480	3,335	8,235	3,965	4,265
French and non-official language	65	40	25	80	45	35
English, French and non-official language	260	125	130	115	65	50
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	399,575	193,735	205,840	83,940	42,065	41,875
None	370,645	179,735	190,905	68,625	34,665	33,960
English	9,215	4,715	4,500	6,800	3,265	3,535
French	8,485	3,705	4,780	915	440	475
Non-official language	10,605	5,290	5,315	7,280	3,535	3,745
Aboriginal	105	50	60	815	310	500
Non-Aboriginal	10,500	5,240	5,260	6,465	3,225	3,245
English and French	125	55	70	35	15	20
English and non-official language	190	85	100	195	110	90
French and non-official language	305	140	165	90	40	45
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	5	0	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	337,210	161,965	175,250	68,185	33,825	34,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	323,835	155,495	168,340	64,475	31,955	32,520
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,089	42,874	31,004	27,465	29,870	25,406
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	323,945	155,510	168,440	64,480	31,955	32,525
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,754	36,910	27,847	25,225	26,928	23,804
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	293,570	143,465	150,105	54,015	27,550	26,465
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,893	41,760	29,205	28,045	31,249	24,708
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	223,475	93,710	129,765	53,285	25,165	28,115
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,496	3,892	4,737	2,088	1,117	4,304
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	243,395	121,810	121,585	47,665	24,925	22,740
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,240	40,169	29,594	29,338	32,018	26,516
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	337,210	161,965	175,245	68,040	33,730	34,305
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	324,115	155,475	168,640	64,195	31,745	32,445
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,429	55,049	38,482	33,542	36,171	30,970
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	324,225	155,500	168,725	64,195	31,750	32,445
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,502	43,439	32,031	28,799	30,440	27,192
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	293,720	143,570	150,150	53,825	27,380	26,440
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,940	55,168	37,117	33,790	37,398	30,054
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	224,085	93,415	130,665	53,005	24,915	28,090
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,937	6,831	7,013	6,310	4,991	7,481
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	243,400	121,865	121,535	47,590	24,785	22,805
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,079	51,868	36,269	34,303	37,522	30,804
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	337,215	161,965	175,250	68,040	33,735	34,305
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	125,080	67,375	57,705	21,215	11,805	9,410
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	51,704	58,003	45,756	41,379	43,911	38,667
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,471	69,022	52,655	47,958	51,312	43,749
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.6	92.4	86.0	84.5	89.2	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.3	74.0	67.8	76.0	81.0	70.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.4	7.6	14.0	15.5	10.8	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	337,210	161,965	175,245	68,185	33,820	34,360
Without total income	13,375	6,470	6,910	3,710	1,870	1,840
With total income	323,835	155,495	168,335	64,475	31,955	32,525
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.0	96.1	94.6	94.5	94.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	44,175	19,485	24,690	11,075	5,495	5,580
$10,000 to $19,999	49,890	19,075	30,815	12,695	5,610	7,085
$20,000 to $29,999	43,125	16,945	26,175	11,175	4,955	6,215
$30,000 to $39,999	40,210	17,350	22,860	9,740	4,765	4,970
$40,000 to $49,999	35,125	16,245	18,880	7,325	3,755	3,570
$50,000 to $59,999	27,080	14,190	12,895	4,510	2,600	1,910
$60,000 to $69,999	21,010	12,085	8,930	2,825	1,640	1,185
$70,000 to $79,999	17,490	10,065	7,425	1,750	1,045	700
$80,000 to $89,999	13,780	8,055	5,720	1,215	710	505
$90,000 to $99,999	8,680	5,610	3,075	685	390	295
$100,000 and over	23,260	16,395	6,870	1,480	980	505
$100,000 to $149,999	15,960	10,955	5,005	1,100	715	380
$150,000 and over	7,305	5,435	1,865	385	260	125
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	337,215	161,965	175,245	68,185	33,825	34,360
Without after-tax income	13,265	6,450	6,810	3,705	1,870	1,835
With after-tax income	323,950	155,510	168,440	64,480	31,955	32,525
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.0	96.1	94.6	94.5	94.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	46,280	19,870	26,410	11,155	5,520	5,640
$10,000 to $19,999	53,335	20,635	32,700	13,655	6,115	7,540
$20,000 to $29,999	53,075	21,540	31,540	13,655	6,245	7,405
$30,000 to $39,999	50,375	22,485	27,890	11,290	5,710	5,575
$40,000 to $49,999	39,425	20,345	19,080	6,795	3,700	3,100
$50,000 to $59,999	28,460	16,485	11,980	3,645	2,120	1,530
$60,000 to $69,999	21,130	12,340	8,790	2,000	1,130	865
$70,000 to $79,999	11,720	7,570	4,150	995	555	440
$80,000 and over	20,150	14,240	5,905	1,290	860	430
$80,000 to $89,999	6,505	4,395	2,110	490	325	170
$90,000 to $99,999	3,925	2,715	1,210	280	185	90
$100,000 and over	9,710	7,130	2,580	520	355	165
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	337,210	161,965	175,250	68,185	33,820	34,360
Without employment income	93,815	40,155	53,665	20,515	8,895	11,625
With employment income	243,395	121,815	121,585	47,665	24,925	22,740
Percentage with employment income	72.2	75.2	69.4	69.9	73.7	66.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30,550	13,940	16,620	5,265	2,505	2,765
$5,000 to $9,999	19,565	8,465	11,095	3,770	1,715	2,060
$10,000 to $19,999	32,145	14,035	18,110	7,255	3,445	3,805
$20,000 to $29,999	27,995	12,400	15,595	8,115	3,940	4,175
$30,000 to $39,999	27,205	11,875	15,330	7,610	4,055	3,560
$40,000 to $49,999	23,800	10,935	12,870	5,570	3,070	2,505
$50,000 to $59,999	18,570	9,855	8,715	3,655	2,255	1,395
$60,000 to $69,999	15,075	8,810	6,260	2,220	1,330	890
$70,000 to $79,999	13,695	7,870	5,825	1,440	875	560
$80,000 and over	34,795	23,630	11,165	2,775	1,735	1,035
$80,000 to $89,999	11,185	6,575	4,610	1,060	620	440
$90,000 to $99,999	6,745	4,560	2,185	555	325	230
$100,000 and over	16,865	12,500	4,370	1,155	795	365
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	173,460	...	...	37,175	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	69,522	...	...	46,282	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,240	...	...	41,368	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	51,185	...	...	15,525	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,094	...	...	28,796	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,580	...	...	26,261	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	122,275	...	...	21,650	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,754	...	...	63,903	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,104	...	...	57,194	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	173,460	...	...	37,150	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	86,753	...	...	57,959	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,099	...	...	49,762	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	51,215	...	...	15,505	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,657	...	...	35,473	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,398	...	...	30,157	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	122,240	...	...	21,645	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	104,389	...	...	74,067	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,218	...	...	63,806	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	173,455	...	...	37,180	...	...
Under $5,000	3,745	...	...	1,305	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,085	...	...	1,585	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,970	...	...	1,990	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	6,265	...	...	2,305	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,745	...	...	2,305	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,525	...	...	2,190	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	7,490	...	...	2,115	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,415	...	...	2,225	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,450	...	...	2,060	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,255	...	...	1,915	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	13,645	...	...	3,315	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	12,730	...	...	2,760	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	12,180	...	...	2,355	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	11,010	...	...	1,970	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	9,460	...	...	1,525	...	...
$100,000 and over	53,485	...	...	5,265	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	18,540	...	...	2,510	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	12,670	...	...	1,270	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	13,135	...	...	1,000	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,145	...	...	490	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	173,460	...	...	37,180	...	...
Under $5,000	3,890	...	...	1,320	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,150	...	...	1,600	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,045	...	...	2,025	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	6,735	...	...	2,485	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,910	...	...	2,685	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	8,185	...	...	2,530	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	9,325	...	...	2,635	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	9,185	...	...	2,585	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	9,095	...	...	2,360	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,720	...	...	2,070	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	16,745	...	...	3,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15,685	...	...	2,915	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	13,380	...	...	2,270	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	11,365	...	...	1,710	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	9,490	...	...	1,280	...	...
$100,000 and over	35,555	...	...	3,120	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	16,610	...	...	1,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,910	...	...	760	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,035	...	...	635	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	113,305	...	...	19,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,366	...	...	63,322	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,061	...	...	56,732	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	47,640	...	...	6,160	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,567	...	...	63,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,319	...	...	56,162	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	44,645	...	...	7,750	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,667	...	...	79,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,180	...	...	70,373	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	17,620	...	...	4,870	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,942	...	...	40,288	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,308	...	...	38,674	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	113,240	...	...	19,840	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,483	...	...	74,192	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,542	...	...	63,745	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	47,645	...	...	6,105	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,899	...	...	72,895	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,264	...	...	61,575	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	44,710	...	...	7,750	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	132,993	...	...	92,427	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,727	...	...	78,638	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,490	...	...	4,865	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,771	...	...	48,463	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,451	...	...	43,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	75,935	36,005	39,935	20,720	11,310	9,410
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,382	32,060	30,864	26,719	27,435	25,979
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,151	28,435	27,912	24,625	24,926	24,291
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	75,880	35,780	40,105	20,610	11,095	9,520
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,406	40,479	38,449	33,055	33,592	32,429
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,585	32,916	32,290	28,336	28,536	28,103
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	397,635	192,810	204,820	82,675	41,225	41,445
In the bottom half of the distribution	200,095	93,985	106,110	60,360	29,700	30,665
In the bottom decile	45,315	21,885	23,435	17,300	8,640	8,665
In the second decile	36,810	16,250	20,555	13,240	6,245	6,990
In the third decile	37,695	17,410	20,285	11,270	5,515	5,755
In the fourth decile	39,240	18,550	20,685	9,865	4,940	4,920
In the fifth decile	41,030	19,890	21,140	8,685	4,350	4,330
In the top half of the distribution	197,535	98,830	98,705	22,315	11,530	10,780
In the sixth decile	41,390	20,585	20,805	7,270	3,795	3,480
In the seventh decile	42,875	21,440	21,435	5,745	2,940	2,805
In the eighth decile	43,135	21,495	21,640	4,450	2,290	2,155
In the ninth decile	38,760	19,485	19,275	3,085	1,550	1,535
In the top decile	31,380	15,820	15,555	1,760	945	810
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	397,370	192,700	204,675	82,670	41,225	41,445
0 to 17 years	72,900	37,155	35,750	17,215	8,820	8,395
0 to 5 years	23,875	12,155	11,715	6,290	3,230	3,060
18 to 64 years	264,835	128,510	136,325	56,560	28,625	27,940
65 years and over	59,635	27,040	32,600	8,900	3,785	5,110
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	58,825	27,410	31,415	23,895	11,605	12,285
0 to 17 years	13,690	6,975	6,720	7,055	3,625	3,430
0 to 5 years	5,090	2,540	2,540	2,860	1,495	1,360
18 to 64 years	37,995	17,830	20,170	14,655	7,120	7,535
65 years and over	7,135	2,605	4,530	2,185	860	1,320
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.8	14.2	15.3	28.9	28.2	29.6
0 to 17 years (%)	18.8	18.8	18.8	41.0	41.1	40.9
0 to 5 years (%)	21.3	20.9	21.7	45.5	46.3	44.4
18 to 64 years (%)	14.3	13.9	14.8	25.9	24.9	27.0
65 years and over (%)	12.0	9.6	13.9	24.6	22.7	25.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	38,240	18,730	19,505	20,340	10,065	10,270
0 to 17 years	7,790	3,985	3,810	5,515	2,805	2,710
0 to 5 years	2,985	1,520	1,465	2,290	1,190	1,105
18 to 64 years	28,875	14,135	14,740	13,380	6,695	6,685
65 years and over	1,570	610	960	1,445	570	880
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.6	9.7	9.5	24.6	24.4	24.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.7	10.7	32.0	31.8	32.3
0 to 5 years (%)	12.5	12.5	12.5	36.4	36.8	36.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.9	11.0	10.8	23.7	23.4	23.9
65 years and over (%)	2.6	2.3	2.9	16.2	15.1	17.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	397,635	192,815	204,815	82,475	41,095	41,375
Official languages	395,460	191,890	203,565	80,255	40,140	40,115
English	395,185	191,765	203,420	80,065	40,055	40,010
French	49,665	21,765	27,905	6,645	3,175	3,465
Non-official languages	43,820	21,810	22,005	34,225	16,450	17,775
Aboriginal languages	195	85	105	2,170	785	1,385
Algonquian languages	160	60	105	2,070	755	1,315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	725	270	460
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	15	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	60	35	25
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	130	45	80
Woods Cree	0	0	0	25	15	10
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	500	170	330
Eastern Algonquian languages	155	60	90	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	155	60	90	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,400	515	885
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	960	360	595
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	440	160	285
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	30	0	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	35	0	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	30	0	35
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	0	15	10	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	15	10	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	10	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	10	35	15	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	43,635	21,735	21,895	32,080	15,675	16,400
Afro-Asiatic languages	9,820	5,290	4,530	4,320	2,360	1,960
Berber languages	25	15	15	10	0	0
Kabyle	25	15	15	10	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	140	55	90	1,490	785	710
Bilen	25	10	15	120	75	45
Oromo	35	20	20	190	105	80
Somali	75	25	55	1,170	580	585
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	15	15	0
Semitic languages	9,745	5,275	4,470	3,055	1,710	1,345
Amharic	260	135	125	1,060	595	465
Arabic	8,850	4,765	4,080	1,285	745	540
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hebrew	575	335	235	165	95	65
Maltese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	140	65	70	1,125	630	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	460	205	255	1,160	610	545
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	15	105	65	45
Vietnamese	440	200	245	1,050	545	505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,270	985	1,285	14,435	6,695	7,740
Bikol	10	0	10	20	10	15
Cebuano	110	55	55	330	155	175
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	40	15	25	165	100	65
Ilocano	55	10	40	415	180	235
Malagasy	0	0	10	0	0	0
Malay	40	10	30	70	25	45
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	130	60	70
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,155	940	1,215	14,205	6,575	7,620
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	35	15	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	25	10	15
Creole languages	220	110	120	145	100	45
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	10	10	0
Creole, n.o.s.	90	45	50	65	55	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	120	60	65	85	50	35
Dravidian languages	1,205	690	520	165	90	75
Kannada	75	40	35	15	10	10
Malayalam	490	260	235	55	15	45
Tamil	370	225	145	65	45	20
Telugu	330	200	125	45	25	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20,810	10,305	10,505	8,020	4,065	3,960
Albanian	375	180	195	10	0	0
Armenian	75	45	25	0	0	10
Balto-Slavic languages	3,195	1,520	1,680	1,155	550	610
Baltic languages	65	20	45	15	0	15
Latvian	25	10	20	10	0	10
Lithuanian	45	15	25	10	0	10
Slavic languages	3,145	1,500	1,650	1,145	545	600
Belarusan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bosnian	120	50	70	15	10	10
Bulgarian	40	25	25	10	10	0
Croatian	230	85	140	55	40	20
Czech	155	80	75	45	25	20
Macedonian	70	35	30	10	0	0
Polish	645	285	355	275	150	130
Russian	1,665	840	830	355	155	200
Serbian	140	60	75	25	15	10
Serbo-Croatian	105	60	45	25	10	15
Slovak	95	45	50	0	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	15	10	10	0
Ukrainian	260	125	135	475	205	265
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	305	145	160	25	20	0
Scottish Gaelic	200	85	110	20	20	0
Welsh	15	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	115	55	60	0	0	0
Germanic languages	4,315	2,105	2,210	1,595	675	915
Afrikaans	240	110	135	10	10	10
Danish	135	75	60	10	0	10
Dutch	745	315	430	100	60	40
Frisian	15	0	10	10	10	0
German	3,005	1,515	1,495	1,410	585	820
Icelandic	65	25	40	20	0	10
Norwegian	85	65	15	25	10	15
Swedish	170	70	105	10	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	20	0	15
Yiddish	25	15	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Greek	1,190	600	590	155	65	85
Indo-Iranian languages	5,660	3,170	2,500	1,875	1,085	790
Indo-Aryan languages	4,225	2,405	1,820	1,635	945	695
Bengali	545	300	240	280	195	90
Gujarati	195	130	75	100	70	35
Hindi	2,005	1,150	855	730	430	300
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	15	15	10	10	0	0
Marathi	110	70	40	20	15	0
Nepali	620	315	305	285	145	135
Oriya (Odia)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	815	455	360	515	275	240
Sindhi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	210	110	95	30	10	20
Urdu	880	540	340	240	140	90
Iranian languages	1,455	780	670	270	160	110
Kurdish	180	105	80	55	30	20
Pashto	55	40	15	55	25	25
Persian (Farsi)	1,240	655	585	205	130	75
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	65	30	30	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,610	3,040	3,575	3,380	1,740	1,640
Catalan	20	15	10	10	0	10
Italian	1,225	620	605	290	150	140
Portuguese	675	370	305	1,620	825	790
Romanian	210	125	85	40	25	10
Spanish	4,830	2,110	2,715	1,495	770	725
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	30	10	10	10	0
Japanese	640	245	395	180	80	105
Kartvelian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,190	510	680	350	155	200
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,145	625	520	920	495	430
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	25	20	10
Bamanankan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Edo	10	0	0	0	10	0
Ewe	70	40	30	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ga	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	55	15	40	10	0	10
Igbo	75	45	30	40	30	10
Lingala	30	15	20	160	85	75
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	40	25	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	55	65	20	0	15
Shona	55	35	20	20	10	0
Swahili	340	185	150	380	185	190
Wolof	30	10	20	35	10	25
Yoruba	215	105	105	130	85	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	235	130	100	185	90	95
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	25	15	120	80	40
Dinka	10	0	10	90	55	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	30	25	10
Sign languages	925	315	615	210	65	145
American Sign Language	565	180	385	165	55	115
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	370	140	235	50	15	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,840	2,975	2,865	2,405	1,095	1,310
Chinese languages	5,825	2,975	2,850	1,985	900	1,085
Cantonese	1,245	600	650	1,205	525	680
Hakka	45	25	25	10	10	0
Mandarin	4,535	2,275	2,265	825	395	435
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	155	60	90	75	40	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	20	25	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	410	255	155	125	65	65
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	425	200	225
Burmese	0	0	0	80	55	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	320	145	170
Tibetan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	30	50
Tai-Kadai languages	165	75	85	210	95	120
Lao	15	10	10	140	55	85
Thai	150	75	75	90	45	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	535	280	255	25	15	10
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	0	0	0
Turkish	395	190	205	25	15	0
Uyghur	15	0	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	105	65	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	0	0
Uralic languages	245	120	125	130	70	55
Estonian	45	20	20	15	10	10
Finnish	50	20	35	25	10	0
Hungarian	140	80	65	95	55	40
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	65	40	25
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	397,630	192,815	204,815	82,475	41,095	41,375
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	376,250	181,625	194,620	68,400	34,015	34,385
Canadian citizens aged under 18	69,485	35,410	34,070	14,485	7,425	7,060
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	306,770	146,220	160,550	53,915	26,590	27,325
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	21,385	11,180	10,195	14,080	7,085	6,995
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	397,630	192,815	204,820	82,475	41,100	41,380
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	352,630	169,835	182,795	52,705	26,245	26,460
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	37,205	18,415	18,795	27,650	13,675	13,980
Before 1981	10,100	4,910	5,185	4,450	2,000	2,450
1981 to 1990	3,035	1,530	1,500	2,810	1,520	1,285
1991 to 2000	4,895	2,370	2,525	2,615	1,280	1,340
2001 to 2010	9,760	4,925	4,840	8,270	4,240	4,030
2001 to 2005	3,760	1,890	1,865	2,225	1,130	1,100
2006 to 2010	6,000	3,030	2,970	6,040	3,110	2,930
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	9,420	4,680	4,740	9,510	4,630	4,875
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	7,795	4,565	3,235	2,125	1,185	940
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	37,205	18,415	18,795	27,650	13,670	13,980
Under 5 years	4,640	2,225	2,415	2,500	1,440	1,055
5 to 14 years	6,970	3,525	3,445	4,695	2,410	2,290
15 to 24 years	6,630	3,180	3,445	5,190	2,570	2,620
25 to 44 years	16,235	8,050	8,185	12,460	5,950	6,510
45 years and over	2,735	1,435	1,300	2,800	1,300	1,505
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	37,210	18,415	18,790	27,650	13,670	13,980
Americas	5,485	2,570	2,915	1,735	935	795
Brazil	135	60	65	35	20	20
Colombia	115	65	50	40	15	25
El Salvador	75	40	40	195	120	70
Guyana	145	70	75	135	60	75
Haiti	40	20	20	10	0	0
Jamaica	345	135	210	225	105	120
Mexico	225	115	115	65	35	35
Peru	80	25	60	15	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	175	100	75	175	105	70
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,225	1,480	1,745	500	285	210
Other places of birth in Americas	925	470	455	350	180	165
Europe	12,250	6,210	6,045	3,250	1,595	1,655
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195	100	95	30	10	20
Croatia	130	50	80	50	35	15
France	340	190	150	60	40	15
Germany	1,150	585	565	295	125	175
Greece	455	235	220	85	25	60
Hungary	80	35	45	60	35	25
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	285	100	175	35	20	20
Italy	380	210	165	155	95	65
Netherlands	470	185	280	65	35	30
Poland	465	190	270	200	90	110
Portugal	180	115	65	995	465	530
Romania	150	90	60	30	15	15
Russian Federation	505	245	260	110	35	75
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	65	30	30	10	10	0
Ukraine	270	125	145	155	70	85
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	5,900	3,110	2,795	680	350	330
Other places of birth in Europe	1,245	600	645	240	140	100
Africa	3,030	1,565	1,460	4,035	2,225	1,805
Algeria	10	0	0	10	10	0
Egypt	730	375	350	70	45	20
Ethiopia	170	90	85	890	495	390
Kenya	120	70	45	210	95	115
Morocco	70	45	20	70	35	35
Nigeria	290	145	145	180	115	70
Somalia	60	35	30	550	240	310
South Africa, Republic of	355	155	200	75	40	35
Other places of birth in Africa	1,225	650	570	1,985	1,155	830
Asia	16,210	7,920	8,290	18,590	8,890	9,705
Afghanistan	100	40	60	80	40	35
Bangladesh	250	145	105	145	95	45
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,345	975	1,375	695	310	390
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	250	115	135	120	45	70
India	1,875	990	890	590	320	270
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	840	460	380	55	40	15
Iraq	530	250	280	110	70	40
Japan	170	60	110	25	10	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	715	290	430	175	75	100
Lebanon	1,205	665	540	10	10	0
Pakistan	450	225	225	165	95	75
Philippines	2,030	860	1,165	13,795	6,530	7,265
Sri Lanka	265	120	145	40	25	15
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,040	500	545	295	150	150
Taiwan	175	95	85	10	0	0
Viet Nam	355	170	190	920	440	480
Other places of birth in Asia	3,600	1,965	1,630	1,350	625	720
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	235	155	80	45	20	25
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,425	4,685	4,740	9,505	4,630	4,880
Americas	990	450	540	235	95	145
Brazil	85	35	50	30	15	15
Colombia	10	0	15	0	0	10
Cuba	65	35	30	30	10	20
Haiti	15	10	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	130	60	70	25	15	15
Mexico	90	45	40	35	15	20
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	365	165	195	65	20	45
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	10	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	225	85	140	40	15	25
Europe	1,390	720	665	320	160	165
France	80	45	35	25	15	10
Germany	90	40	45	20	0	15
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	40	15	25	10	10	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	15	15	15	0
Romania	30	15	15	0	0	0
Russian Federation	160	65	100	35	15	20
Ukraine	135	60	80	65	25	35
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	540	325	215	25	20	10
Other places of birth in Europe	290	140	155	135	55	75
Africa	960	510	445	2,290	1,200	1,090
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	25	25	210	100	110
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	40	10	25
Egypt	185	100	85	45	30	15
Eritrea	60	40	25	555	315	240
Ethiopia	40	25	15	410	210	200
Morocco	25	15	10	35	15	20
Nigeria	150	70	80	125	70	60
Somalia	10	0	10	325	135	190
South Africa, Republic of	70	30	45	35	20	20
Tunisia	0	10	0	35	20	15
Other places of birth in Africa	350	200	145	470	260	205
Asia	6,065	2,990	3,070	6,635	3,160	3,480
Afghanistan	25	0	20	15	15	0
Bangladesh	65	40	25	40	25	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	855	395	455	275	115	160
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	10	10	0	0
India	755	415	340	385	220	165
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	250	130	120	30	20	10
Iraq	245	125	120	55	35	15
Israel	260	170	90	10	10	10
Japan	65	25	35	15	0	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	190	65	120	75	35	45
Lebanon	75	30	45	0	0	0
Nepal	185	95	85	75	25	55
Pakistan	90	50	45	110	55	55
Philippines	1,160	515	645	4,880	2,325	2,555
Saudi Arabia	115	65	50	100	40	60
Sri Lanka	85	50	45	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	790	365	425	280	135	140
Taiwan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Turkey	70	45	30	0	10	0
United Arab Emirates	60	35	25	25	10	20
Viet Nam	45	15	30	30	10	20
Other places of birth in Asia	675	355	325	250	95	160
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	20	10	10	15	15	10
Australia	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	15	10	0	20	15	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	397,635	192,815	204,815	82,475	41,100	41,380
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	47,920	24,395	23,525	30,235	15,040	15,195
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	38,625	18,960	19,660	13,595	6,715	6,875
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	311,090	149,455	161,630	38,650	19,345	19,305
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	27,440	13,660	13,780	23,725	11,915	11,815
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	16,465	8,580	7,890	13,005	6,540	6,465
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	6,335	4,335	2,005	5,735	2,935	2,800
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	10,130	4,250	5,880	7,265	3,605	3,660
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	6,715	2,880	3,835	5,500	2,515	2,985
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,080	2,105	1,975	5,155	2,825	2,330
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	175	85	85	60	30	25
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	397,635	192,815	204,815	82,475	41,100	41,380
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	15,815	7,455	8,355	15,265	7,055	8,210
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	15,270	7,200	8,065	14,965	6,860	8,105
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	7,955	3,785	4,175	9,235	4,105	5,130
Métis	6,910	3,230	3,680	5,685	2,740	2,945
Inuk (Inuit)	400	185	220	40	15	25
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	275	130	140	230	140	80
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	270	125	140	75	50	25
Non-Aboriginal identity	381,815	185,355	196,465	67,210	34,040	33,170
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	397,630	192,815	204,815	82,475	41,095	41,375
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	4,015	1,905	2,110	8,760	3,875	4,890
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	393,615	190,910	202,705	73,715	37,220	36,495
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	397,635	192,810	204,820	82,475	41,095	41,380
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	2,600	1,170	1,425	6,770	2,990	3,780
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,510	1,145	1,365	6,560	2,920	3,645
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,715	790	925	5,245	2,280	2,965
Métis single ancestry	685	325	365	1,315	645	670
Inuit single ancestry	110	30	80	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	85	25	55	210	70	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	60	15	45	200	65	135
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	10	10	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	24,130	11,040	13,085	7,835	3,730	4,100
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	23,265	10,620	12,650	7,230	3,450	3,780
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	16,330	7,425	8,910	3,580	1,690	1,895
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,315	2,890	3,420	3,615	1,745	1,870
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	620	300	320	35	15	15
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	860	420	440	610	280	325
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	700	335	370	570	260	305
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	45	45	25	10	15
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	40	25	10	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	370,905	180,600	190,305	67,865	34,375	33,490
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	397,635	192,810	204,820	82,480	41,095	41,380
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	45,290	22,740	22,555	32,845	16,465	16,380
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	6,555	3,690	2,860	2,210	1,195	1,015
Chinese	6,970	3,450	3,525	1,950	905	1,045
Black	15,090	7,305	7,785	6,225	3,360	2,870
Filipino	2,575	1,130	1,450	16,925	8,115	8,805
Latin American	1,210	610	600	840	455	385
Arab	7,335	3,950	3,385	750	425	330
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	865	375	490	1,840	935	910
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,395	725	665	155	100	55
Korean	1,225	520	705	305	130	180
Japanese	485	215	270	140	60	75
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	490	230	265	260	160	100
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	1,090	540	555	1,235	625	610
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	352,345	170,075	182,265	49,630	24,635	25,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	397,630	192,810	204,820	82,480	41,100	41,380
North American Aboriginal origins	26,725	12,215	14,510	14,605	6,725	7,885
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,920	8,620	10,300	9,625	4,310	5,320
Inuit	905	425	480	85	40	45
Métis	7,850	3,615	4,235	5,715	2,725	2,985
Other North American origins	163,560	78,245	85,315	11,590	5,870	5,715
Acadian	10,120	4,530	5,590	40	25	15
American	3,950	1,910	2,040	585	285	305
Canadian	152,835	73,390	79,445	11,120	5,630	5,485
New Brunswicker	30	10	20	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	885	395	495	15	15	0
Nova Scotian	750	345	405	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Québécois	230	120	115	10	10	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	10	10	0	0	0
European origins	276,190	132,910	143,280	40,715	20,320	20,390
British Isles origins	228,910	109,560	119,345	22,295	11,135	11,160
Channel Islander	40	10	30	15	0	10
Cornish	60	35	25	25	15	10
English	121,795	58,375	63,415	12,240	5,880	6,355
Irish	95,065	44,145	50,920	8,830	4,300	4,530
Manx	80	40	35	15	10	10
Scottish	113,480	53,570	59,905	10,765	5,510	5,260
Welsh	8,850	4,160	4,690	1,145	555	595
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	11,350	5,340	6,005	1,380	650	725
French origins	66,425	30,905	35,515	7,555	3,705	3,850
Alsatian	15	10	0	15	0	10
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	10	0	0	0	0
French	66,410	30,900	35,515	7,545	3,705	3,840
Western European origins (except French origins)	56,580	26,830	29,750	12,620	6,160	6,460
Austrian	1,010	540	465	555	245	315
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	995	480	510	700	370	325
Dutch	13,220	6,020	7,205	2,280	1,185	1,095
Flemish	70	50	15	35	0	30
Frisian	15	0	10	15	15	0
German	45,110	21,395	23,715	10,210	4,940	5,270
Luxembourger	15	10	0	20	10	10
Swiss	1,395	715	675	325	180	150
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	90	60	35	10	10	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,015	3,835	4,175	4,115	2,135	1,980
Danish	1,890	895	1,000	555	330	220
Finnish	610	250	360	280	150	135
Icelandic	420	185	235	1,390	735	655
Norwegian	2,780	1,390	1,395	1,040	485	560
Swedish	1,920	880	1,040	1,070	555	520
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	690	380	310	145	70	70
Eastern European origins	16,140	8,015	8,120	12,345	6,100	6,245
Bulgarian	175	80	100	20	15	0
Byelorussian	135	70	65	25	25	0
Czech	665	360	305	275	135	145
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	155	65	85	85	55	30
Estonian	255	125	125	25	10	20
Hungarian	1,400	725	675	515	270	245
Latvian	240	90	155	115	35	80
Lithuanian	600	270	325	100	50	45
Moldovan	10	0	0	20	20	10
Polish	5,905	2,900	3,005	3,920	2,015	1,900
Romanian	715	355	365	395	220	175
Russian	2,975	1,405	1,570	2,320	1,010	1,315
Slovak	355	215	140	65	30	35
Ukrainian	5,155	2,640	2,515	7,420	3,680	3,745
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	190	80	105	80	25	60
Southern European origins	16,775	7,980	8,795	4,875	2,295	2,575
Albanian	255	140	120	10	0	10
Bosnian	120	55	65	25	10	20
Catalan	0	0	10	10	0	10
Croatian	455	200	250	150	70	75
Cypriot	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	2,430	1,240	1,190	285	120	165
Italian	8,190	3,940	4,245	1,030	500	530
Kosovar	240	115	130	0	0	10
Macedonian	100	55	50	0	0	0
Maltese	235	105	135	25	15	15
Montenegrin	15	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,335	1,105	1,235	1,875	945	935
Serbian	185	85	105	45	25	20
Sicilian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Slovenian	105	45	60	20	0	15
Spanish	2,685	1,175	1,510	1,525	700	825
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	190	95	95	40	20	25
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	35	25	10	10	10
Other European origins	3,610	1,830	1,775	830	430	400
Basque	105	40	60	10	10	0
Jewish	1,490	725	765	600	315	285
Roma (Gypsy)	60	40	15	20	0	15
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	20	15	0	40	20	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,965	1,015	955	160	75	80
Caribbean origins	3,570	1,740	1,825	1,055	535	520
Antiguan	80	45	35	30	10	20
Bahamian	195	90	100	10	0	10
Barbadian	400	205	200	35	10	25
Bermudan	155	85	70	0	0	0
Carib	40	30	10	10	10	0
Cuban	270	125	145	45	15	35
Dominican	120	65	60	10	10	0
Grenadian	20	10	0	30	20	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	85	25	60	10	0	0
Jamaican	1,295	640	655	555	280	275
Kittitian/Nevisian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	50	15	35	15	0	10
St. Lucian	60	20	40	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	250	145	110	210	115	90
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	10	20	10	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	460	240	215	105	65	40
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	275	135	145	70	30	40
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,060	1,045	1,015	1,275	690	590
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	145	75	70	70	50	20
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	50	30	20	40	25	15
Belizean	10	0	10	10	10	10
Bolivian	35	20	20	10	0	10
Brazilian	215	115	100	145	60	80
Chilean	85	50	30	95	40	55
Colombian	235	125	110	80	35	50
Costa Rican	25	0	20	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	55	35	15	20	10	15
Guyanese	270	125	145	200	120	80
Hispanic	55	30	25	45	15	30
Honduran	30	25	10	20	15	0
Maya	60	35	25	20	15	10
Mexican	465	230	240	210	120	90
Nicaraguan	35	10	25	25	30	0
Panamanian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	40	35	10
Peruvian	140	65	80	25	0	15
Salvadorean	80	55	30	200	110	95
Uruguayan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Venezuelan	55	40	20	10	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	150	80	70	110	55	50
African origins	12,510	6,005	6,505	5,860	3,190	2,675
Central and West African origins	1,080	565	515	835	455	375
Akan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Angolan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	20	15	0
Burkinabe	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	25	15	10	15	10	10
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congolese	165	85	80	220	100	120
Edo	0	0	0	10	10	10
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ghanaian	145	80	60	45	30	15
Guinean	25	15	10	10	0	10
Ibo	90	50	40	20	15	0
Ivorian	10	10	0	45	15	25
Liberian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malian	10	0	10	10	10	0
Malinké	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	360	185	170	290	165	120
Peulh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	10	0	35	20	20
Sierra Leonean	40	30	10	75	45	25
Togolese	65	35	35	10	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yoruba	65	20	40	35	25	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	110	65	50	50	30	25
North African origins	1,715	900	815	610	375	235
Algerian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Berber	55	35	20	35	20	15
Coptic	25	10	20	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	30	15	10
Egyptian	1,175	630	545	70	45	20
Libyan	185	95	95	15	10	0
Maure	0	10	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	115	55	60	110	65	40
Sudanese	115	45	70	345	205	140
Tunisian	40	20	20	35	25	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	45	25	20	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	1,580	775	810	3,740	1,985	1,760
Afrikaner	25	10	20	0	0	0
Amhara	10	10	0	60	45	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	10	0	65	40	30
Burundian	10	0	0	60	30	30
Djiboutian	0	0	0	25	25	0
Eritrean	145	75	70	1,100	595	500
Ethiopian	250	105	145	895	445	450
Harari	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kenyan	145	85	60	35	20	15
Malagasy	15	0	20	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Oromo	30	15	15	80	50	30
Rwandan	95	50	50	35	10	20
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	165	75	90	1,260	655	610
South African	400	180	215	50	25	20
Tanzanian	50	35	15	10	0	0
Tigrian	15	0	10	165	115	50
Ugandan	60	20	35	10	0	0
Zambian	75	30	45	10	0	0
Zimbabwean	80	55	30	25	0	15
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	115	65	50	85	40	45
Other African origins	8,315	3,875	4,445	765	425	335
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,460	670	790	105	55	50
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	6,940	3,240	3,700	660	375	285
Asian origins	33,575	17,045	16,530	25,720	12,610	13,105
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	13,800	7,140	6,655	1,105	625	480
Afghan	230	75	155	105	50	55
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,385	725	660	245	150	100
Armenian	215	125	90	15	0	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	0	0	10
Georgian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,200	680	515	110	75	30
Iraqi	585	265	325	120	85	35
Israeli	220	115	100	35	20	0
Jordanian	255	140	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kurd	225	110	115	55	25	25
Kuwaiti	205	105	100	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	5,205	2,620	2,590	60	35	25
Palestinian	925	500	425	40	25	20
Pashtun	10	10	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	675	440	235	20	10	10
Syrian	1,660	805	850	270	130	140
Tajik	20	10	10	10	0	0
Tatar	35	10	25	15	0	15
Turk	565	270	295	70	35	40
Turkmen	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	10	10	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	90	60	30	0	0	0
Yemeni	205	105	100	10	0	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	765	405	365	40	25	15
South Asian origins	6,880	3,885	3,005	2,295	1,270	1,025
Bangladeshi	210	120	85	145	110	30
Bengali	55	30	15	40	30	10
Bhutanese	210	85	120	95	45	50
East Indian	5,030	2,855	2,175	1,575	845	725
Goan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	10	10	0
Nepali	425	220	210	190	105	85
Pakistani	465	290	175	175	90	90
Punjabi	165	75	85	60	45	20
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	285	140	150	60	35	20
Tamil	60	25	35	40	20	25
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	390	240	145	35	25	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	12,855	6,035	6,820	22,330	10,730	11,595
Burmese	15	0	10	105	45	65
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	15	35	155	110	45
Chinese	7,605	3,700	3,905	3,220	1,530	1,695
Filipino	2,680	1,195	1,485	17,505	8,405	9,095
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	95	45	50	60	30	35
Japanese	600	245	355	255	130	125
Karen	0	0	0	295	140	150
Korean	1,280	540	740	350	155	195
Laotian	10	0	10	225	100	125
Malaysian	50	20	30	110	55	55
Mongolian	30	10	20	10	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	180	85	90	15	0	0
Thai	170	60	110	150	60	85
Tibetan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	585	260	320	1,220	645	575
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	50	35	15	15	10	0
Other Asian origins	295	140	155	110	55	60
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	295	140	155	110	50	55
Oceania origins	550	270	285	105	60	45
Australian	285	140	150	60	25	35
New Zealander	190	110	80	0	10	0
Pacific Islands origins	85	35	55	35	30	10
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	15	10	10	0
Maori	35	15	25	10	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	15	10	10	25	20	10
Samoan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	10	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	173,460	...	...	37,150	...	...
Owner	104,250	...	...	15,035	...	...
Renter	69,180	...	...	22,110	...	...
Band housing	30	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	173,460	...	...	37,150	...	...
Condominium	10,415	...	...	2,050	...	...
Not condominium	163,045	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	173,460	...	...	37,150	...	...
No bedrooms	880	...	...	1,135	...	...
1 bedroom	25,150	...	...	12,930	...	...
2 bedrooms	45,370	...	...	11,045	...	...
3 bedrooms	62,950	...	...	8,140	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	39,110	...	...	3,895	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	173,460	...	...	37,150	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	46,250	...	...	20,275	...	...
5 rooms	25,385	...	...	5,670	...	...
6 rooms	24,840	...	...	4,455	...	...
7 rooms	22,375	...	...	2,800	...	...
8 or more rooms	54,610	...	...	3,945	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	173,455	...	...	37,150	...	...
One person or fewer per room	172,115	...	...	35,140	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,350	...	...	2,005	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	173,455	...	...	37,150	...	...
Suitable	167,470	...	...	32,255	...	...
Not suitable	5,990	...	...	4,895	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	173,460	...	...	37,150	...	...
1960 or before	35,105	...	...	22,290	...	...
1961 to 1980	49,470	...	...	8,245	...	...
1981 to 1990	27,070	...	...	3,385	...	...
1991 to 2000	24,820	...	...	1,465	...	...
2001 to 2005	13,190	...	...	335	...	...
2006 to 2010	12,695	...	...	580	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	11,110	...	...	850	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	173,460	...	...	37,150	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	161,990	...	...	32,250	...	...
Major repairs needed	11,470	...	...	4,895	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	173,455	...	...	37,150	...	...
1 household maintainer	98,520	...	...	25,325	...	...
2 household maintainers	70,355	...	...	10,545	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	4,585	...	...	1,275	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	173,460	...	...	37,150	...	...
15 to 24 years	9,080	...	...	2,130	...	...
25 to 34 years	27,935	...	...	8,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	28,940	...	...	7,155	...	...
45 to 54 years	34,535	...	...	7,200	...	...
55 to 64 years	33,710	...	...	6,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	23,385	...	...	3,720	...	...
75 to 84 years	12,040	...	...	1,830	...	...
85 years and over	3,835	...	...	785	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	172,790	...	...	36,965	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	129,585	...	...	25,950	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	43,205	...	...	11,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	36,570	...	...	9,200	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	104,185	...	...	15,035	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.0	...	...	69.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.9	...	...	14.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,187	...	...	976	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,268	...	...	985	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	269,126	...	...	210,090	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	307,511	...	...	231,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	69,085	...	...	22,110	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.3	...	...	24.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.3	...	...	40.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	962	...	...	765	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,035	...	...	789	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	337,215	161,965	175,250	68,040	33,730	34,305
No certificate, diploma or degree	49,440	25,160	24,280	15,160	7,635	7,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	85,440	43,010	42,425	19,265	10,150	9,120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	202,335	93,795	108,540	33,610	15,955	17,660
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	26,270	18,000	8,270	4,305	2,785	1,520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	14,480	8,135	6,345	2,560	1,555	1,000
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	11,790	9,865	1,925	1,755	1,235	515
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	69,975	29,400	40,575	11,020	4,790	6,235
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,855	3,195	4,665	1,920	850	1,070
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	98,230	43,195	55,035	16,365	7,525	8,835
Bachelor's degree	65,785	28,265	37,515	11,915	5,365	6,545
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,150	2,245	2,910	1,105	545	560
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,780	1,490	1,290	415	175	240
Master's degree	20,595	8,750	11,845	2,415	1,135	1,285
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,920	2,445	1,475	510	305	210
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	225,425	108,730	116,690	48,050	24,495	23,555
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,865	10,520	8,340	7,700	4,090	3,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	49,630	25,550	24,085	12,560	7,135	5,425
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	156,935	72,660	84,270	27,790	13,270	14,515
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,455	13,000	5,455	3,225	2,135	1,090
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	10,105	5,910	4,195	1,960	1,260	695
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	8,345	7,090	1,260	1,270	875	395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	53,905	23,350	30,555	8,785	3,895	4,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,300	2,140	3,160	1,515	700	820
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	79,275	34,170	45,105	14,265	6,545	7,715
Bachelor's degree	53,070	22,730	30,340	10,360	4,700	5,660
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,060	1,650	2,405	930	465	465
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,295	1,115	1,180	385	165	225
Master's degree	17,040	7,060	9,970	2,165	985	1,180
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,815	1,605	1,215	420	230	190
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	337,215	161,965	175,245	68,040	33,735	34,305
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	134,875	68,170	66,705	34,425	17,780	16,645
Education	12,640	3,225	9,415	2,015	615	1,400
13. Education	12,640	3,225	9,415	2,015	615	1,400
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,785	3,190	3,590	1,565	815	750
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,315	970	345	175	125	45
50. Visual and performing arts	5,465	2,220	3,245	1,395	695	700
Humanities	10,725	4,105	6,620	2,110	940	1,165
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	745	230	510	125	35	90
23. English language and literature/letters	3,225	970	2,255	525	170	355
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,300	765	1,540	455	210	245
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	45	20	30	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	715	385	330	255	160	95
39. Theology and religious vocations	855	515	345	300	130	170
54. History	2,255	1,125	1,135	370	215	160
55. French language and literature/letters	585	105	475	65	20	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,790	7,680	16,115	4,290	1,625	2,660
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	420	85	325	130	35	95
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,300	840	1,460	430	175	255
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,020	310	3,705	725	95	635
22. Legal professions and studies	3,605	1,200	2,405	490	185	310
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	390	100	290	170	50	120
42. Psychology	5,035	1,315	3,725	700	245	460
45. Social sciences	8,030	3,830	4,200	1,645	850	795
Business, management and public administration	47,175	16,450	30,730	6,280	2,385	3,900
30.16 Accounting and computer science	70	15	55	30	15	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,855	685	2,170	625	210	420
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	44,250	15,745	28,505	5,620	2,165	3,455
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,850	4,745	5,100	1,290	650	640
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,595	1,885	2,710	680	345	335
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,020	790	1,235	255	115	140
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	55	20	35
40. Physical sciences	2,810	1,965	845	250	155	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	325	85	240	55	15	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,670	6,195	3,475	1,825	1,145	685
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,775	5,300	2,470	1,590	1,035	555
25. Library science	705	100	600	75	25	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,060	685	375	150	70	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	135	100	30	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	37,885	34,940	2,950	5,835	5,115	725
04. Architecture and related services	960	620	340	305	150	160
14. Engineering	7,830	6,660	1,170	1,435	1,215	225
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	8,520	7,790	730	1,125	985	140
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,730	8,495	240	970	910	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,060	7,735	325	1,230	1,185	45
48. Precision production	3,780	3,640	140	770	670	100
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,230	1,195	1,035	505	270	235
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,030	510	520	285	180	110
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,200	680	515	220	90	130
Health and related fields	28,890	5,360	23,530	5,930	1,435	4,490
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,900	905	1,000	250	90	160
51. Health professions and related programs	26,040	3,880	22,160	5,535	1,295	4,240
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	950	575	375	150	55	95
Personal, protective and transportation services	12,650	6,705	5,945	1,960	955	1,010
12. Personal and culinary services	7,160	1,905	5,260	1,365	490	875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	185	175	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	515	475	40	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	2,020	1,610	415	205	130	75
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,765	2,540	225	385	325	55
Other	40	10	35	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	10	35	0	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	225,425	108,730	116,690	48,050	24,495	23,555
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	68,495	36,070	32,425	20,260	11,225	9,040
Education	8,765	2,100	6,665	1,505	455	1,050
13. Education	8,765	2,100	6,665	1,510	455	1,050
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,320	2,520	2,805	1,335	695	640
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	970	730	240	135	95	40
50. Visual and performing arts	4,355	1,785	2,565	1,200	600	600
Humanities	8,300	3,110	5,195	1,690	770	925
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	600	180	420	105	40	70
23. English language and literature/letters	2,540	770	1,765	410	145	270
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,825	610	1,215	375	180	195
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	15	30	10	10	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	565	290	280	215	140	75
39. Theology and religious vocations	555	330	225	240	100	145
54. History	1,745	830	910	275	155	120
55. French language and literature/letters	430	80	350	50	15	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	19,595	6,095	13,500	3,620	1,345	2,265
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	350	70	285	115	25	85
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,965	700	1,270	380	150	235
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,290	255	3,035	565	80	490
22. Legal professions and studies	3,135	925	2,210	450	160	285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	300	70	230	160	50	110
42. Psychology	4,035	1,040	2,995	570	185	385
45. Social sciences	6,515	3,030	3,475	1,375	695	680
Business, management and public administration	36,275	12,865	23,410	5,310	1,990	3,315
30.16 Accounting and computer science	65	15	55	30	15	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,330	555	1,775	525	165	360
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	33,880	12,295	21,580	4,745	1,810	2,940
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,310	3,490	3,825	1,115	590	525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,575	1,470	2,105	595	315	285
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,485	600	885	210	115	95
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	90	25	65	55	15	35
40. Physical sciences	1,965	1,355	605	215	135	85
41. Science technologies/technicians	200	35	165	45	15	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,505	5,570	2,935	1,605	1,030	580
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,135	4,915	2,215	1,410	945	465
25. Library science	485	75	405	65	15	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	775	490	290	125	60	65
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	115	90	25	0	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	28,880	26,370	2,505	4,725	4,120	610
04. Architecture and related services	735	445	290	250	130	115
14. Engineering	5,890	4,915	980	1,280	1,090	190
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,725	6,075	650	925	790	130
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	6,650	6,415	235	715	670	45
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,115	5,870	245	945	905	35
48. Precision production	2,760	2,650	110	615	530	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,835	980	860	420	225	195
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	835	420	420	230	155	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,000	555	440	185	75	115
Health and related fields	22,215	4,285	17,930	4,900	1,235	3,660
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,510	760	755	195	80	110
51. Health professions and related programs	19,950	3,100	16,845	4,560	1,105	3,455
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	755	430	330	140	50	90
Personal, protective and transportation services	9,890	5,285	4,605	1,560	815	745
12. Personal and culinary services	5,630	1,575	4,055	1,055	400	650
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	165	160	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	315	285	30	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,600	1,270	335	150	100	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,175	1,995	180	350	305	40
Other	40	10	35	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	10	35	10	10	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	337,210	161,965	175,245	68,040	33,735	34,305
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	134,875	68,170	66,705	34,425	17,780	16,645
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	202,335	93,795	108,540	33,615	15,955	17,660
Location of study inside Canada	184,280	84,675	99,605	24,005	11,330	12,675
Same as province or territory of residence	140,675	63,335	77,340	20,670	9,640	11,035
Different than province or territory of residence	43,600	21,340	22,265	3,340	1,695	1,645
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	18,060	9,125	8,935	9,605	4,620	4,985
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,800	2,005	1,790	550	275	280
Philippines	1,110	390	715	5,585	2,460	3,130
India	1,470	775	695	490	295	200
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,180	1,855	1,325	290	160	135
China^{Census data footnote 162}	810	315	495	265	120	140
France	245	145	105	55	40	10
Other	7,440	3,630	3,805	2,365	1,275	1,090
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	225,425	108,730	116,695	48,050	24,495	23,555
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	68,490	36,070	32,425	20,265	11,220	9,040
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	156,930	72,660	84,270	27,785	13,270	14,515
Location of study inside Canada	142,990	65,865	77,120	19,295	9,180	10,115
Same as province or territory of residence	108,650	49,100	59,555	16,595	7,785	8,805
Different than province or territory of residence	34,340	16,770	17,565	2,705	1,400	1,305
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	13,940	6,800	7,145	8,495	4,090	4,405
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	2,510	1,270	1,235	360	165	190
Philippines	1,030	370	655	5,180	2,290	2,890
India	1,170	605	565	440	265	175
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,045	1,175	875	195	105	95
China^{Census data footnote 162}	660	255	400	215	100	120
France	200	115	85	50	40	10
Other	6,325	2,995	3,330	2,050	1,120	925
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	337,215	161,965	175,245	68,040	33,735	34,305
In the labour force	225,945	115,060	110,880	45,170	23,815	21,355
Employed	209,425	105,890	103,530	41,560	21,825	19,740
Unemployed	16,515	9,165	7,350	3,605	1,995	1,610
Not in the labour force	111,275	46,900	64,370	22,870	9,920	12,950
Participation rate	67.0	71.0	63.3	66.4	70.6	62.3
Employment rate	62.1	65.4	59.1	61.1	64.7	57.5
Unemployment rate	7.3	8.0	6.6	8.0	8.4	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	337,215	161,965	175,250	68,040	33,735	34,310
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	102,100	43,110	58,990	22,365	9,740	12,630
Worked	235,115	118,860	116,260	45,675	23,995	21,680
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	128,810	69,905	58,910	21,675	12,105	9,565
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	106,300	48,955	57,345	24,000	11,890	12,110
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.6	42.7	42.4	42.8	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	225,940	115,060	110,880	45,170	23,815	21,355
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,080	2,125	1,955	1,250	590	650
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	221,860	112,935	108,925	43,920	23,220	20,700
Employee	201,655	100,725	100,925	41,060	21,475	19,580
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	20,210	12,215	8,000	2,865	1,745	1,120
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	225,940	115,060	110,880	45,170	23,810	21,355
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,080	2,120	1,960	1,250	595	650
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	221,860	112,940	108,925	43,920	23,220	20,700
0 Management occupations	24,335	14,500	9,835	2,730	1,565	1,165
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	36,720	10,880	25,840	6,335	2,260	4,075
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	17,555	14,105	3,445	2,405	1,910	500
3 Health occupations	17,440	3,410	14,025	3,385	815	2,575
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	30,390	12,015	18,375	5,530	2,000	3,530
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,555	3,570	3,980	1,615	830	785
6 Sales and service occupations	55,170	24,350	30,815	13,050	6,225	6,820
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	26,175	24,875	1,295	5,235	4,935	295
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,740	2,310	430	400	330	75
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,785	2,915	870	3,230	2,345	885
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	225,940	115,060	110,885	45,170	23,815	21,355
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,075	2,120	1,955	1,245	590	655
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	221,865	112,940	108,925	43,925	23,220	20,700
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,445	1,070	375	295	215	80
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,115	975	140	30	25	0
22 Utilities	1,595	1,045	550	240	165	80
23 Construction	13,815	12,285	1,530	2,340	2,090	255
31-33 Manufacturing	10,005	7,310	2,690	4,915	3,595	1,320
41 Wholesale trade	7,065	5,105	1,965	1,370	960	405
44-45 Retail trade	26,560	11,990	14,570	4,805	2,410	2,400
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10,025	7,640	2,385	2,045	1,625	415
51 Information and cultural industries	6,320	3,610	2,715	935	560	380
52 Finance and insurance	10,365	4,235	6,130	1,780	780	1,000
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,390	2,455	1,935	590	355	235
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,540	9,885	7,655	2,210	1,190	1,020
55 Management of companies and enterprises	230	90	140	25	0	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	11,680	6,815	4,865	2,620	1,570	1,055
61 Educational services	17,535	5,930	11,600	3,040	1,225	1,815
62 Health care and social assistance	28,990	5,410	23,580	6,555	1,690	4,865
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,835	2,495	2,345	1,135	610	525
72 Accommodation and food services	16,120	6,840	9,285	4,515	2,070	2,450
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,850	3,785	5,065	2,150	935	1,210
91 Public administration	23,370	13,970	9,395	2,315	1,140	1,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	209,420	105,890	103,530	41,565	21,820	19,745
Worked at home	13,585	6,565	7,010	1,430	750	675
Worked outside Canada	1,045	710	325	105	65	40
No fixed workplace address	22,220	16,365	5,855	3,635	2,595	1,035
Worked at usual place	172,585	82,250	90,340	36,385	18,400	17,990
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	172,585	82,250	90,335	36,385	18,405	17,985
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	166,460	78,615	87,840	34,970	17,435	17,535
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	155	105	50	155	100	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,155	2,315	1,835	1,185	815	370
Commute to a different province or territory	1,820	1,215	605	85	50	30
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	194,800	98,610	96,190	40,025	21,000	19,025
Car, truck, van - as a driver	137,130	73,100	64,030	19,485	11,850	7,630
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	14,265	5,220	9,045	3,375	1,095	2,280
Public transit	22,975	9,955	13,015	9,770	4,250	5,515
Walked	15,935	7,500	8,430	5,455	2,630	2,820
Bicycle	1,965	1,310	655	1,570	950	625
Other method	2,535	1,525	1,010	370	220	155
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	194,800	98,610	96,190	40,025	21,000	19,025
Less than 15 minutes	48,595	22,265	26,335	10,950	5,410	5,545
15 to 29 minutes	79,445	41,265	38,180	17,685	9,245	8,440
30 to 44 minutes	42,835	22,665	20,170	7,500	4,165	3,335
45 to 59 minutes	13,960	6,945	7,020	2,210	1,220	990
60 minutes and over	9,960	5,470	4,490	1,675	960	710
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	194,805	98,610	96,190	40,025	21,005	19,025
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	9,340	6,045	3,295	2,010	1,410	595
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	38,000	22,710	15,295	6,270	3,775	2,495
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	58,985	29,475	29,510	9,685	4,855	4,825
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	41,875	17,975	23,905	7,950	3,590	4,365
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	19,595	8,615	10,980	4,820	2,245	2,580
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	27,000	13,790	13,210	9,295	5,125	4,165
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	241,390	121,770	119,620	47,590	24,905	22,680
Single responses	239,880	121,140	118,740	46,705	24,445	22,265
Official languages	239,140	120,740	118,400	46,035	24,095	21,930
English	237,620	120,350	117,270	45,750	23,975	21,785
French	1,520	390	1,130	280	125	155
Non-official languages	740	395	340	675	345	325
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	20	0	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	0	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	740	400	340	655	345	310
Afro-Asiatic languages	155	110	40	95	60	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	150	110	35	70	45	20
Amharic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Arabic	125	100	25	35	30	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	15	10	10	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	25	20	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	10	30	10	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	10	30	0	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	135	55	85
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	10	130	50	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	200	110	95	185	125	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	10	25	15	10
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	20	10	25	15	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	30	20	0	10	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	20	20	15	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	10	15	15	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	15	20	20	0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	20	0	15	15	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	15	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	10	15	10	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	15	20	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	35	45	120	75	45
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	30	10	15	120	80	40
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	40	15	25	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	10	20	20	10	15
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	0	25	20	10	10
American Sign Language	15	0	10	15	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	15	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	150	130	145	75	70
Chinese languages	280	150	130	140	70	65
Cantonese	65	35	25	135	70	60
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	205	100	100	10	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Burmese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Lao	0	0	0	10	10	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,510	630	880	880	465	420
English and French	915	330	585	205	110	95
English and non-official language	560	280	275	665	340	325
French and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	30	15	15	0	10	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	241,390	121,770	119,620	47,590	24,905	22,685
None	230,965	116,690	114,270	43,755	23,145	20,605
English	1,330	460	870	535	250	280
French	7,045	3,575	3,465	840	335	505
Non-official language	1,905	955	950	2,415	1,145	1,265
Aboriginal	30	15	15	130	40	90
Non-Aboriginal	1,875	940	935	2,290	1,110	1,175
English and French	10	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	0
French and non-official language	150	85	60	35	15	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	393,840	190,960	202,880	81,380	40,565	40,815
Non-movers	335,125	162,405	172,720	64,515	32,255	32,255
Movers	58,715	28,550	30,160	16,865	8,315	8,555
Non-migrants	41,640	20,275	21,365	12,315	6,005	6,310
Migrants	17,070	8,275	8,795	4,555	2,305	2,250
Internal migrants	12,075	5,790	6,285	2,200	1,105	1,090
Intraprovincial migrants	4,120	1,835	2,285	1,235	570	660
Interprovincial migrants	7,950	3,950	4,005	965	530	430
External migrants	5,000	2,490	2,505	2,360	1,205	1,155
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	377,835	182,825	195,010	77,185	38,475	38,710
Non-movers	227,440	109,710	117,730	37,295	18,700	18,600
Movers	150,395	73,115	77,285	39,885	19,775	20,110
Non-migrants	99,295	48,135	51,160	25,475	12,765	12,710
Migrants	51,100	24,980	26,125	14,410	7,010	7,400
Internal migrants	36,440	17,330	19,110	5,060	2,365	2,695
Intraprovincial migrants	12,010	5,400	6,605	2,660	1,205	1,455
Interprovincial migrants	24,435	11,920	12,505	2,400	1,155	1,245
External migrants	14,660	7,650	7,010	9,350	4,645	4,705

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Halifax, CTY [Census division], Nova Scotia and Winnipeg Centre [Federal electoral district], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Halifax, County [Census division], Nova Scotia and Winnipeg Centre [Federal electoral district], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Halifax, County [Census division], Nova Scotia and Winnipeg Centre [Federal electoral district], Manitoba

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Halifax, County [Census division], Nova Scotia and Winnipeg Centre [Federal electoral district], Manitoba