Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cape Breton [Economic region], Nova Scotia and Happy Valley-Goose Bay [Population centre], Newfoundland and Labrador

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Cape Breton Nova Scotia [Economic region]			Happy Valley-Goose Bay Newfoundland and Labrador [Population centre]
	Data quality , Cape Breton [Economic region], Nova Scotia Map : Cape Breton [Economic region], Nova Scotia Change geography 1			Data quality : Happy Valley-Goose Bay [Population centre], Newfoundland and Labrador Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	132,010	...	...	6,408	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	135,974	...	...	6,518^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-2.9	...	...	-1.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	66,640	...	...	2,592	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	57,516	...	...	2,434	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	12.7	...	...	506.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10,405.98	...	...	12.66	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	132,010	63,080	68,925	6,405	3,160	3,245
0 to 14 years	18,310	9,345	8,960	1,080	520	565
0 to 4 years	5,495	2,745	2,750	370	165	200
5 to 9 years	6,240	3,260	2,980	365	175	185
10 to 14 years	6,570	3,340	3,230	345	170	175
15 to 64 years	82,500	39,720	42,780	4,550	2,280	2,265
15 to 19 years	7,320	3,755	3,560	400	215	185
20 to 24 years	7,145	3,630	3,510	420	215	210
25 to 29 years	6,190	3,070	3,120	460	220	240
30 to 34 years	5,945	2,855	3,090	390	180	215
35 to 39 years	6,385	2,860	3,520	420	200	215
40 to 44 years	7,295	3,365	3,925	470	215	255
45 to 49 years	8,210	3,925	4,285	550	305	250
50 to 54 years	10,570	4,910	5,660	570	300	265
55 to 59 years	11,780	5,600	6,175	480	230	250
60 to 64 years	11,675	5,750	5,930	375	200	175
65 years and over	31,195	14,015	17,185	780	365	415
65 to 69 years	10,710	5,230	5,485	285	135	155
70 to 74 years	7,550	3,555	3,995	240	120	120
75 to 79 years	5,535	2,510	3,030	145	75	70
80 to 84 years	3,765	1,565	2,200	65	30	35
85 years and over	3,635	1,155	2,480	50	10	35
85 to 89 years	2,180	780	1,400	35	5	25
90 to 94 years	1,095	300	795	10	5	5
95 to 99 years	310	70	240	0	0	0
100 years and over	55	5	45	5	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	14.8	13.0	16.9	16.5	17.4
15 to 64 years	62.5	63.0	62.1	71.0	72.2	69.8
65 years and over	23.6	22.2	24.9	12.2	11.6	12.8
85 years and over	2.8	1.8	3.6	0.8	0.3	1.1
Average age of the population	45.7	44.5	46.7	39.0	39.0	39.0
Median age of the population	49.6	48.5	50.5	40.3	40.7	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	57,520	...	...	2,435	...	...
Single-detached house	43,675	...	...	1,710	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	210	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	11,435	...	...	720	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,145	...	...	385	...	...
Row house	770	...	...	215	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,110	...	...	35	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,285	...	...	80	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,190	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	57,515	...	...	2,430	...	...
1 person	17,755	...	...	465	...	...
2 persons	21,665	...	...	930	...	...
3 persons	8,810	...	...	475	...	...
4 persons	6,000	...	...	395	...	...
5 or more persons	3,285	...	...	175	...	...
Number of persons in private households	129,520	...	...	6,245	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	113,705	53,735	59,960	5,325	2,645	2,680
Married or living common law	60,545	30,275	30,270	3,355	1,670	1,685
Married	51,100	25,560	25,545	2,470	1,235	1,235
Living common law	9,440	4,715	4,725	880	435	445
Not married and not living common law	53,160	23,460	29,695	1,975	975	1,000
Never married	32,255	16,820	15,435	1,445	785	655
Separated	3,945	1,630	2,315	75	45	30
Divorced	7,115	2,975	4,140	235	100	135
Widowed	9,840	2,040	7,805	225	45	175
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	38,955	...	...	1,945	...	...
2 persons	22,700	...	...	1,010	...	...
3 persons	8,615	...	...	465	...	...
4 persons	5,375	...	...	365	...	...
5 or more persons	2,270	...	...	105	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	38,960	...	...	1,945	...	...
Total couple families	29,755	...	...	1,640	...	...
Married couples	25,035	...	...	1,200	...	...
Common-law couples	4,725	...	...	440	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	9,205	...	...	310	...	...
Female parent	7,555	...	...	230	...	...
Male parent	1,650	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	29,755	...	...	1,640	...	...
Couples without children	17,070	...	...	810	...	...
Couples with children	12,690	...	...	830	...	...
1 child	6,145	...	...	390	...	...
2 children	4,585	...	...	340	...	...
3 or more children	1,955	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	9,200	...	...	310	...	...
1 child	5,635	...	...	205	...	...
2 children	2,470	...	...	80	...	...
3 or more children	1,105	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	24,590	11,205	13,385	835	395	440
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	57,515	...	...	2,435	...	...
One-census-family households	36,930	...	...	1,815	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	16,405	...	...	750	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	20,530	...	...	1,065	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,000	...	...	65	...	...
Non-census-family households	19,585	...	...	555	...	...
One-person households	17,755	...	...	465	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,830	...	...	90	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	130,085	62,410	67,675	6,340	3,110	3,235
English only	119,570	57,745	61,820	5,965	2,940	3,020
French only	100	35	65	0	0	0
English and French	10,305	4,575	5,730	365	160	205
Neither English nor French	110	55	50	10	5	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	130,085	62,410	67,675	6,340	3,110	3,235
English	125,280	60,150	65,135	6,275	3,070	3,200
French	4,550	2,135	2,420	45	25	25
English and French	155	80	75	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	95	50	45	10	10	5
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	4,635	2,175	2,460	55	30	25
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.6	3.5	3.6	0.9	1.0	0.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	130,085	62,410	67,675	6,340	3,110	3,235
Single responses	129,230	62,000	67,230	6,270	3,080	3,190
Official languages	123,485	59,150	64,330	5,975	2,935	3,040
English	118,730	56,940	61,790	5,915	2,905	3,015
French	4,755	2,210	2,545	55	25	25
Non-official languages	5,740	2,850	2,895	300	145	150
Aboriginal languages	3,685	1,755	1,930	85	25	55
Algonquian languages	3,680	1,750	1,930	45	15	30
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	5	0	45	15	30
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	45	15	30
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,675	1,750	1,920	0	0	0
Malecite	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,665	1,745	1,920	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	40	15	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	35	15	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,055	1,095	960	215	115	100
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	115	65	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	180	120	65	5	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	175	115	60	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	15	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115	50	65	75	35	45
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	45	55	70	30	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	5	5	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	0	5	5	0
Tamil	10	10	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,080	555	530	110	70	40
Albanian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	55	85	5	5	5
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	135	50	85	5	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	20	30	5	0	0
Russian	15	5	10	5	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	95	45	45	0	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	85	40	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	480	250	230	25	20	5
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	135	70	65	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	305	160	145	20	15	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	50	30	25	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	170	105	65	55	35	25
Indo-Aryan languages	155	100	55	60	35	25
Bengali	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	5	15	10	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	10	20	15	10
Sindhi	5	0	5	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	90	60	30	5	5	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	70	80	20	15	10
Catalan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	75	40	35	5	5	5
Portuguese	15	5	10	10	5	5
Romanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	60	25	35	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	10	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	25	25	0	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	10	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	470	265	205	5	0	5
Chinese languages	470	265	205	5	0	5
Cantonese	60	30	25	0	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	335	195	145	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	45	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	10	0	0	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	860	410	445	70	30	40
English and French	435	205	230	10	5	5
English and non-official language	405	200	210	60	20	40
French and non-official language	10	10	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	130,090	62,410	67,675	6,340	3,105	3,230
Single responses	129,170	61,980	67,195	6,240	3,060	3,175
Official languages	125,780	60,225	65,555	6,100	2,995	3,110
English	123,230	59,055	64,175	6,085	2,990	3,105
French	2,550	1,165	1,380	15	10	5
Non-official languages	3,390	1,750	1,640	135	70	70
Aboriginal languages	2,450	1,225	1,230	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	2,450	1,225	1,225	20	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,450	1,220	1,225	0	0	0
Malecite	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	2,445	1,220	1,230	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	940	530	410	115	65	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	70	45	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	115	70	45	10	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	120	70	50	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	25	20	35	20	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	25	15	35	15	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	5	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	345	180	165	60	40	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	10	5	5	0
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	5	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	30	20	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	35	15	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	135	75	60	5	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	120	65	55	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	5	0	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	100	55	45	40	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	90	55	40	40	25	15
Bengali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	5	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	20	15	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	70	40	30	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	25	15	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	10	0	5	0
Portuguese	5	0	5	10	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	25	10	15	0	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	20	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0	5	0
American Sign Language	10	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	10	10	0	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	330	190	140	0	0	0
Chinese languages	330	190	135	0	0	0
Cantonese	35	20	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	250	145	110	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	915	435	480	100	45	55
English and French	280	120	160	5	0	0
English and non-official language	625	310	310	95	40	50
French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	130,085	62,410	67,670	6,340	3,110	3,230
None	122,935	59,105	63,835	6,095	3,000	3,100
English	2,845	1,400	1,445	85	40	40
French	1,870	810	1,060	45	15	35
Non-official language	2,390	1,085	1,305	115	50	55
Aboriginal	1,615	710	905	45	15	25
Non-Aboriginal	770	370	400	70	35	35
English and French	5	5	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	5	5	0	5	0	0
French and non-official language	30	10	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	111,230	52,835	58,395	5,180	2,540	2,640
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	106,765	50,685	56,075	5,045	2,490	2,560
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,697	33,819	24,628	46,371	58,176	37,389
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	106,780	50,685	56,095	5,045	2,490	2,560
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,444	30,402	23,341	40,688	49,312	33,429
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,195	42,755	44,440	4,630	2,345	2,280
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,540	28,904	21,040	46,891	59,418	37,589
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	88,765	40,630	48,130	3,155	1,320	1,835
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	10,218	11,292	9,586	6,192	6,768	5,755
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,910	33,690	34,215	4,205	2,145	2,060
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,753	29,731	22,797	48,429	62,528	38,997
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	111,230	52,825	58,405	5,160	2,545	2,620
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	106,575	50,535	56,045	5,025	2,480	2,540
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,794	43,120	31,091	56,864	67,759	46,214
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	106,590	50,535	56,060	5,020	2,480	2,540
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,188	35,694	27,126	38,502	53,782	23,566
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,990	42,675	44,315	4,605	2,325	2,280
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,217	40,380	28,283	56,644	67,514	45,572
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	88,405	40,405	48,005	3,175	1,375	1,795
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	10,689	11,284	10,189	7,764	8,196	7,433
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,905	33,780	34,130	4,165	2,120	2,050
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,275	41,356	29,256	58,012	68,442	47,205
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	111,230	52,825	58,405	5,160	2,540	2,620
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	25,620	12,480	13,145	2,135	1,110	1,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	45,282	51,888	41,222	65,503	75,031	59,259
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	53,083	58,963	47,502	74,727	85,409	63,157
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	76.1	79.1	72.4	91.5	93.6	87.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	60.8	63.5	57.5	84.0	86.2	80.9
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	23.9	20.9	27.6	8.6	6.3	12.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	111,230	52,835	58,395	5,180	2,540	2,640
Without total income	4,470	2,155	2,315	130	55	80
With total income	106,765	50,685	56,080	5,045	2,490	2,555
Percentage with total income	96.0	95.9	96.0	97.4	98.0	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,625	6,675	8,945	595	240	350
$10,000 to $19,999	21,005	7,715	13,285	545	205	335
$20,000 to $29,999	18,900	8,050	10,850	580	205	370
$30,000 to $39,999	15,110	7,180	7,930	540	235	305
$40,000 to $49,999	10,920	5,450	5,470	450	190	265
$50,000 to $59,999	7,325	4,140	3,185	410	195	215
$60,000 to $69,999	4,905	3,140	1,765	370	180	190
$70,000 to $79,999	3,840	2,245	1,595	310	145	160
$80,000 to $89,999	3,020	1,655	1,365	275	165	110
$90,000 to $99,999	1,830	1,140	695	225	150	80
$100,000 and over	4,265	3,290	975	745	575	170
$100,000 to $149,999	3,170	2,365	810	575	425	145
$150,000 and over	1,100	930	170	175	145	25
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	111,230	52,835	58,395	5,180	2,545	2,640
Without after-tax income	4,450	2,150	2,300	135	50	80
With after-tax income	106,780	50,685	56,095	5,045	2,485	2,555
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	95.9	96.1	97.4	97.6	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,080	6,780	9,300	610	245	360
$10,000 to $19,999	22,255	8,295	13,965	595	220	370
$20,000 to $29,999	22,480	9,900	12,580	665	250	415
$30,000 to $39,999	17,455	8,475	8,980	630	280	350
$40,000 to $49,999	11,000	6,095	4,905	600	270	330
$50,000 to $59,999	6,695	4,190	2,500	495	235	260
$60,000 to $69,999	4,700	2,600	2,105	410	220	185
$70,000 to $79,999	2,520	1,605	920	345	220	125
$80,000 and over	3,590	2,745	845	700	545	150
$80,000 to $89,999	1,365	980	385	205	145	60
$90,000 to $99,999	720	550	170	190	145	40
$100,000 and over	1,510	1,220	295	310	255	55
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	111,230	52,835	58,395	5,180	2,540	2,640
Without employment income	43,325	19,145	24,175	975	395	580
With employment income	67,905	33,690	34,215	4,205	2,145	2,060
Percentage with employment income	61.0	63.8	58.6	81.2	84.4	78.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,640	4,345	5,295	400	175	225
$5,000 to $9,999	6,850	2,870	3,985	280	110	175
$10,000 to $19,999	11,850	5,505	6,345	375	160	215
$20,000 to $29,999	9,320	4,235	5,090	355	130	220
$30,000 to $39,999	7,650	3,420	4,230	370	165	205
$40,000 to $49,999	5,710	2,750	2,960	390	155	240
$50,000 to $59,999	4,410	2,525	1,890	315	140	175
$60,000 to $69,999	3,105	1,975	1,130	310	155	150
$70,000 to $79,999	2,605	1,470	1,135	285	150	135
$80,000 and over	6,755	4,600	2,160	1,120	805	315
$80,000 to $89,999	2,365	1,230	1,140	270	160	105
$90,000 to $99,999	1,370	895	480	200	130	65
$100,000 and over	3,020	2,475	545	655	510	145
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	57,515	...	...	2,435	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	53,862	...	...	106,496	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	48,384	...	...	88,855	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	17,750	...	...	465	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,574	...	...	42,624	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,309	...	...	36,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	39,765	...	...	1,965	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,731	...	...	124,046	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	62,378	...	...	101,931	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	57,515	...	...	2,415	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,180	...	...	118,172	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,799	...	...	80,013	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,735	...	...	455	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,348	...	...	67,972	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,577	...	...	- 31,015	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	39,785	...	...	1,960	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,260	...	...	129,851	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,378	...	...	105,844	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	57,515	...	...	2,435	...	...
Under $5,000	850	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,430	...	...	20	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,145	...	...	35	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,665	...	...	45	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,615	...	...	65	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,070	...	...	60	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,405	...	...	85	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,185	...	...	90	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,920	...	...	60	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,610	...	...	55	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,730	...	...	115	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,190	...	...	115	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,660	...	...	135	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,210	...	...	125	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,535	...	...	120	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,300	...	...	1,290	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,840	...	...	275	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,015	...	...	300	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,925	...	...	405	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,525	...	...	305	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	57,515	...	...	2,435	...	...
Under $5,000	875	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,435	...	...	20	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,180	...	...	40	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,840	...	...	45	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,025	...	...	70	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,540	...	...	75	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,880	...	...	110	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,640	...	...	90	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,195	...	...	70	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,105	...	...	70	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,650	...	...	155	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,790	...	...	145	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,895	...	...	160	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,165	...	...	160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,440	...	...	155	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,860	...	...	1,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,110	...	...	370	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,985	...	...	305	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,770	...	...	370	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	38,665	...	...	1,910	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,672	...	...	124,160	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	62,310	...	...	101,803	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	15,945	...	...	720	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,409	...	...	110,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	58,485	...	...	91,392	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	13,010	...	...	845	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,308	...	...	148,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	86,574	...	...	123,136	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,430	...	...	275	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,034	...	...	60,672	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	40,825	...	...	54,528	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	38,710	...	...	1,905	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,227	...	...	128,276	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,317	...	...	104,439	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	16,035	...	...	750	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,507	...	...	123,728	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,851	...	...	99,314	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	13,010	...	...	830	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,489	...	...	150,043	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,883	...	...	122,621	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,420	...	...	280	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,978	...	...	78,104	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,851	...	...	65,928	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	21,135	9,730	11,405	665	325	340
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,986	26,938	23,869	38,144	39,936	37,632
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,859	25,000	23,264	34,253	34,560	33,664
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	20,990	9,595	11,395	705	350	355
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,333	35,754	31,295	58,432	64,695	52,191
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	28,698	30,083	27,533	0	48,189	- 63,638
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	129,520	62,175	67,350	6,245	3,050	3,195
In the bottom half of the distribution	79,455	36,905	42,550	1,930	885	1,040
In the bottom decile	17,355	7,930	9,425	370	165	205
In the second decile	17,925	7,745	10,175	385	175	210
In the third decile	15,710	7,390	8,320	380	165	215
In the fourth decile	14,810	7,110	7,700	420	200	220
In the fifth decile	13,665	6,730	6,930	385	185	200
In the top half of the distribution	50,065	25,265	24,800	4,315	2,165	2,150
In the sixth decile	13,075	6,460	6,610	485	240	245
In the seventh decile	11,725	5,945	5,780	585	275	310
In the eighth decile	11,025	5,470	5,555	935	460	470
In the ninth decile	8,925	4,625	4,300	1,115	570	545
In the top decile	5,320	2,765	2,555	1,195	620	580
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	123,220	59,130	64,085	6,250	3,055	3,195
0 to 17 years	20,185	10,330	9,855	1,310	650	665
0 to 5 years	5,780	2,925	2,860	430	205	220
18 to 64 years	73,905	35,460	38,445	4,180	2,060	2,120
65 years and over	29,125	13,345	15,780	750	350	405
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,255	10,230	13,025	535	235	300
0 to 17 years	5,455	2,875	2,585	175	75	95
0 to 5 years	1,920	1,025	895	55	30	30
18 to 64 years	12,215	5,315	6,900	275	130	150
65 years and over	5,585	2,045	3,545	80	30	55
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.9	17.3	20.3	8.6	7.7	9.4
0 to 17 years (%)	27.0	27.8	26.2	13.4	11.5	14.3
0 to 5 years (%)	33.2	35.0	31.3	12.8	14.6	13.6
18 to 64 years (%)	16.5	15.0	17.9	6.6	6.3	7.1
65 years and over (%)	19.2	15.3	22.5	10.7	8.6	13.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,995	4,325	4,670	235	110	125
0 to 17 years	2,200	1,165	1,040	60	25	35
0 to 5 years	795	435	360	25	15	10
18 to 64 years	6,365	2,995	3,370	160	75	85
65 years and over	430	165	270	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.3	7.3	7.3	3.8	3.6	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	11.3	10.6	4.6	3.8	5.3
0 to 5 years (%)	13.8	14.9	12.6	5.8	7.3	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	8.4	8.8	3.8	3.6	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.2	1.7	2.0	1.4	2.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	129,520	62,175	67,345	6,240	3,040	3,205
Official languages	129,450	62,130	67,320	6,240	3,035	3,205
English	129,330	62,080	67,250	6,240	3,035	3,205
French	10,425	4,775	5,650	335	135	200
Non-official languages	7,640	3,680	3,960	410	190	220
Aboriginal languages	4,645	2,235	2,410	110	30	80
Algonquian languages	4,645	2,235	2,410	35	10	35
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	0	35	10	30
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	4,625	2,220	2,405	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	4,620	2,220	2,405	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	75	25	50
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	55	10	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,010	1,455	1,555	300	160	140
Afro-Asiatic languages	200	85	120	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	195	80	115	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	185	85	100	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	170	85	85	105	45	65
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	85	85	105	45	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0	10	0
Haitian Creole	10	10	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	25	15	0	0	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tamil	30	10	15	10	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,825	880	945	160	105	55
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	165	60	110	10	10	0
Baltic languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Latvian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	150	55	95	10	10	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	50	25	25	0	0	0
Russian	30	15	15	0	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	0	40	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	425	185	240	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	420	175	240	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	685	365	320	40	30	20
Afrikaans	15	0	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	185	100	85	0	0	0
Frisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
German	485	265	215	40	25	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	60	35	25	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	145	95	50	75	50	25
Indo-Aryan languages	135	90	40	70	50	25
Bengali	15	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hindi	40	35	10	0	10	0
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	0	0	10	10
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	20	0	50	35	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Urdu	75	40	30	10	10	0
Iranian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	385	170	215	35	25	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	100	55	50	10	0	0
Portuguese	40	20	20	10	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	270	110	165	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	25	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	45	30	10	0	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	50	20	30	0	0	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	90	25	65	0	10	10
American Sign Language	35	10	25	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	55	15	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	505	265	240	10	0	10
Chinese languages	505	265	240	15	10	10
Cantonese	85	40	45	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	395	215	180	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	129,520	62,175	67,345	6,240	3,040	3,205
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	127,645	61,195	66,450	5,990	2,895	3,095
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,650	11,635	11,010	1,290	585	705
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	104,995	49,560	55,435	4,700	2,310	2,395
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,875	975	895	250	145	105
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	129,520	62,175	67,350	6,245	3,040	3,205
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	125,785	60,265	65,520	5,845	2,805	3,045
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,930	1,490	1,440	265	170	100
Before 1981	1,580	775	800	65	35	30
1981 to 1990	205	105	100	40	30	15
1991 to 2000	250	120	130	35	25	10
2001 to 2010	490	255	235	55	30	20
2001 to 2005	230	130	95	30	25	0
2006 to 2010	265	120	145	25	0	20
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	405	235	175	75	50	25
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	800	415	385	130	65	65
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,930	1,490	1,440	265	170	100
Under 5 years	415	215	200	15	15	0
5 to 14 years	595	350	245	40	30	15
15 to 24 years	595	230	365	65	25	35
25 to 44 years	1,005	510	495	130	90	40
45 years and over	320	180	140	15	10	10
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,935	1,495	1,445	265	165	95
Americas	910	410	505	30	20	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mexico	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	840	380	465	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	35	10	25	15	0	10
Europe	1,420	780	645	135	100	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	10	10	0	0	0	0
France	35	10	25	0	0	0
Germany	315	150	170	25	15	15
Greece	30	20	15	10	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	30	25	10	0	0	0
Italy	35	25	10	0	0	0
Netherlands	145	80	60	0	0	0
Poland	20	10	10	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	15	15	10
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	0	20	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	670	380	285	70	50	20
Other places of birth in Europe	110	75	35	0	10	0
Africa	140	75	65	10	10	0
Algeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	20	10	0	0	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	0	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	40	25	0	0	0
Asia	435	215	220	85	45	35
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	105	55	50	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	10	0	0	0
India	55	40	20	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	70	40	25	0	0	0
Philippines	95	30	65	65	40	25
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	15	10	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	410	235	170	70	45	25
Americas	70	30	35	10	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	50	20	25	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	10	10	0	0
Europe	120	70	50	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	45	25	20	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	55	35	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	0	0	0
Africa	40	20	20	0	0	0
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	10	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	175	105	70	60	40	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	40	30	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	25	15	0	0	0
Philippines	50	25	25	60	40	20
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	129,520	62,170	67,345	6,240	3,035	3,200
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,065	2,070	1,995	400	230	170
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	6,615	3,075	3,535	160	85	75
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	118,840	57,025	61,815	5,680	2,720	2,965
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,390	735	650	200	130	70
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	795	430	365	115	70	45
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	400	250	150	65	35	25
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	400	180	215	55	30	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	510	255	255	85	55	20
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	75	45	25	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	129,520	62,175	67,345	6,240	3,040	3,205
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	11,755	5,655	6,100	2,965	1,410	1,560
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	11,465	5,515	5,950	2,905	1,380	1,530
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	7,980	3,860	4,115	140	40	105
Métis	3,340	1,580	1,760	1,130	585	540
Inuk (Inuit)	150	80	70	1,640	750	890
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	120	75	45	50	25	20
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	170	65	105	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	117,765	56,520	61,250	3,275	1,630	1,645
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	129,520	62,175	67,350	6,245	3,035	3,205
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	7,595	3,695	3,905	225	95	135
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	121,925	58,480	63,445	6,015	2,945	3,075
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	129,520	62,170	67,345	6,245	3,040	3,205
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	6,465	3,130	3,335	1,215	590	620
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	6,420	3,105	3,315	1,095	525	570
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,990	2,875	3,115	115	35	75
Métis single ancestry	405	210	195	235	115	120
Inuit single ancestry	20	15	0	750	375	375
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	45	25	15	115	65	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	20	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	10	0	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	100	60	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	7,350	3,515	3,835	1,615	750	860
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	7,100	3,390	3,715	1,370	635	730
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,915	1,935	1,975	150	45	105
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,910	1,340	1,560	375	195	180
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	285	110	170	845	395	450
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	250	125	120	245	115	125
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	240	125	120	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	100	55	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	140	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	115,700	55,525	60,175	3,420	1,700	1,720
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	129,520	62,175	67,350	6,240	3,040	3,205
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,785	1,430	1,350	265	145	120
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	290	160	125	80	55	25
Chinese	595	310	280	0	0	10
Black	1,285	630	655	20	10	0
Filipino	170	95	80	125	55	70
Latin American	35	20	20	15	10	0
Arab	225	125	105	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	20	0	10	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	70	35	25	0	0	0
Japanese	40	15	30	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	25	15	10	0	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	35	20	15	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	126,735	60,740	65,995	5,980	2,895	3,080
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	129,520	62,170	67,345	6,240	3,035	3,205
North American Aboriginal origins	13,815	6,645	7,170	2,825	1,345	1,485
First Nations (North American Indian)	10,195	4,970	5,225	390	145	240
Inuit	330	135	190	1,945	950	995
Métis	3,600	1,700	1,900	860	435	425
Other North American origins	55,130	26,165	28,970	2,725	1,270	1,455
Acadian	3,085	1,450	1,635	10	0	0
American	395	190	205	30	10	25
Canadian	52,110	24,750	27,360	2,670	1,255	1,415
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	440	195	245	35	15	20
Nova Scotian	75	35	35	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	90,575	43,435	47,145	2,950	1,460	1,495
British Isles origins	78,120	37,300	40,825	2,670	1,295	1,375
Channel Islander	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	29,685	13,710	15,970	2,005	995	1,010
Irish	28,445	13,625	14,820	670	275	390
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	51,995	24,855	27,135	580	260	320
Welsh	1,990	925	1,070	40	20	15
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,260	565	695	60	20	40
French origins	24,905	11,780	13,125	355	160	195
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	24,905	11,780	13,125	355	160	195
Western European origins (except French origins)	6,995	3,275	3,715	170	95	75
Austrian	75	40	45	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	560	295	265	0	0	0
Dutch	2,225	1,040	1,185	40	35	10
Flemish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
German	4,540	2,085	2,455	140	70	70
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	75	40	35	10	10	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,405	605	800	70	30	40
Danish	290	125	170	0	10	0
Finnish	110	45	65	15	0	10
Icelandic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	535	235	300	45	15	25
Swedish	380	160	220	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	140	70	70	10	0	0
Eastern European origins	5,360	2,440	2,920	55	20	35
Bulgarian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	130	70	60	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	100	35	65	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	495	255	240	10	10	10
Latvian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	270	120	155	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,680	1,220	1,460	35	0	25
Romanian	165	45	115	0	0	0
Russian	335	125	215	25	15	15
Slovak	90	35	60	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,600	735	870	10	10	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	50	25	25	0	0	0
Southern European origins	5,175	2,540	2,630	125	60	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	325	155	175	10	10	10
Italian	3,935	1,935	2,000	45	20	20
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	105	50	50	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	270	135	140	25	15	15
Serbian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	510	235	275	35	25	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	60	40	20	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	265	170	100	45	20	20
Basque	25	20	0	0	0	0
Jewish	65	45	20	10	10	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	175	100	70	35	20	15
Caribbean origins	365	175	190	15	10	0
Antiguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	65	40	25	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	20	0	15	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	135	65	70	10	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	95	45	50	15	10	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	50	20	30	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	0	10	0	0	0
African origins	980	490	490	10	10	10
Central and West African origins	140	75	70	15	10	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	40	15	20	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	45	30	20	15	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	30	15	20	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	65	40	25	0	0	0
Algerian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Berber	10	10	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	45	20	20	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	735	350	385	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	175	80	90	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	570	265	305	0	0	0
Asian origins	2,650	1,400	1,250	240	115	125
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,350	700	650	10	0	10
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	135	70	70	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	40	10	30	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,025	535	495	10	10	10
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Syrian	175	95	75	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	260	130	130	80	55	30
Bangladeshi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	170	90	80	60	40	20
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	60	35	25	10	10	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	15	0	20	15	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	10	10	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,015	555	465	150	65	85
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	690	380	305	15	0	10
Filipino	180	90	90	140	60	75
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	50	15	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	65	40	25	0	0	10
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	35	25	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	40	25	15	0	0	0
Oceania origins	25	15	15	10	10	0
Australian	25	10	15	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	57,515	...	...	2,415	...	...
Owner	42,145	...	...	1,655	...	...
Renter	14,140	...	...	765	...	...
Band housing	1,230	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	57,515	...	...	2,415	...	...
Condominium	710	...	...	40	...	...
Not condominium	56,805	...	...	2,380	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	57,515	...	...	2,415	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	5,455	...	...	160	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,330	...	...	585	...	...
3 bedrooms	25,035	...	...	1,000	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,635	...	...	665	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	57,515	...	...	2,420	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,135	...	...	460	...	...
5 rooms	10,195	...	...	435	...	...
6 rooms	11,075	...	...	355	...	...
7 rooms	8,820	...	...	350	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,290	...	...	815	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	57,520	...	...	2,415	...	...
One person or fewer per room	57,250	...	...	2,380	...	...
More than 1 person per room	265	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	57,515	...	...	2,415	...	...
Suitable	55,670	...	...	2,275	...	...
Not suitable	1,845	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	57,520	...	...	2,415	...	...
1960 or before	20,640	...	...	360	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,775	...	...	675	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,355	...	...	450	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,555	...	...	515	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,055	...	...	170	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,260	...	...	110	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,870	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	57,515	...	...	2,420	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	51,515	...	...	2,245	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,005	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	57,515	...	...	2,415	...	...
1 household maintainer	36,830	...	...	1,315	...	...
2 household maintainers	19,725	...	...	1,060	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	960	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	57,515	...	...	2,420	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,175	...	...	90	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,910	...	...	305	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,365	...	...	470	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,485	...	...	595	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,585	...	...	510	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,435	...	...	290	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,325	...	...	130	...	...
85 years and over	2,230	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	55,320	...	...	2,410	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,750	...	...	2,130	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,575	...	...	280	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,505	...	...	230	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,510	...	...	1,655	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	46.4	...	...	66.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.8	...	...	7.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	628	...	...	1,209	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	793	...	...	1,225	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	139,529	...	...	299,591	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	162,211	...	...	315,849	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,850	...	...	760	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	25.1	...	...	28.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	44.1	...	...	19.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	703	...	...	874	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	729	...	...	874	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	111,230	52,825	58,410	5,160	2,540	2,615
No certificate, diploma or degree	26,105	12,810	13,295	1,155	595	565
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	28,525	12,850	15,665	1,140	500	640
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,605	27,160	29,440	2,865	1,450	1,415
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,365	10,825	3,540	710	550	160
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	7,630	4,935	2,695	375	250	130
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	6,740	5,890	850	330	295	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	23,135	8,740	14,390	1,360	615	750
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,180	1,165	2,010	145	55	90
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	15,920	6,430	9,495	655	235	420
Bachelor's degree	11,065	4,290	6,775	500	155	340
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,495	620	875	25	10	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	430	270	170	25	0	25
Master's degree	2,555	1,035	1,520	100	60	40
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	370	215	155	0	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	67,435	31,970	35,465	3,605	1,805	1,800
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,290	5,040	4,250	495	265	230
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	16,950	7,675	9,270	695	320	370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,195	19,255	21,945	2,410	1,225	1,190
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,730	7,335	2,395	560	445	115
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,230	3,385	1,840	300	205	95
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,505	3,950	550	260	235	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,465	6,685	10,780	1,160	525	635
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,045	770	1,275	105	50	55
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,960	4,460	7,500	585	205	385
Bachelor's degree	8,425	3,100	5,325	450	135	305
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	995	370	620	20	10	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	180	155	25	10	25
Master's degree	1,965	670	1,295	90	55	35
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	245	130	110	0	10	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	111,230	52,820	58,405	5,160	2,545	2,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	54,625	25,660	28,965	2,295	1,095	1,200
Education	5,130	1,470	3,655	175	40	140
13. Education	5,125	1,470	3,660	180	35	140
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	695	375	325	30	10	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	125	25	0	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	545	245	300	25	0	25
Humanities	1,920	805	1,115	95	30	60
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	60	40	20	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	425	140	285	10	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	830	275	560	40	0	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	60	40	0	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	110	70	20	15	0
54. History	290	175	110	15	10	10
55. French language and literature/letters	40	15	25	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,240	1,105	3,140	165	50	110
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	30	45	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	260	125	135	10	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,460	195	1,260	55	10	50
22. Legal professions and studies	685	205	480	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	40	10	35	0	10	0
42. Psychology	835	175	660	25	0	20
45. Social sciences	895	370	525	50	15	35
Business, management and public administration	10,180	2,465	7,715	670	125	545
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	20	20	15	0	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	780	115	665	60	10	50
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,365	2,330	7,030	595	115	480
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,175	590	585	40	30	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	185	185	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	400	170	225	20	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	15	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	290	195	95	15	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	35	70	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,380	685	695	65	25	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,175	615	560	65	25	40
25. Library science	100	20	80	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	45	45	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	15,260	14,575	680	885	780	105
04. Architecture and related services	60	45	10	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,120	1,025	95	35	30	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,600	2,365	235	170	140	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	5,075	4,930	145	305	280	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,120	4,005	110	290	250	40
48. Precision production	2,285	2,200	85	85	80	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	775	515	265	70	30	40
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	335	145	190	25	0	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	445	375	70	50	30	25
Health and related fields	10,625	1,595	9,035	270	45	225
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	250	170	80	20	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs	10,230	1,330	8,900	245	30	210
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	145	95	50	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,220	2,985	2,235	400	285	110
12. Personal and culinary services	2,735	710	2,030	115	40	75
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	60	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	600	485	120	50	40	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,800	1,720	75	235	210	30
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	67,435	31,970	35,465	3,605	1,805	1,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	26,240	12,715	13,520	1,195	585	605
Education	3,105	740	2,365	140	35	100
13. Education	3,105	740	2,365	135	35	105
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	570	305	265	20	0	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	100	20	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	450	210	240	20	0	15
Humanities	1,310	485	825	65	30	40
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	40	30	15	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	300	85	215	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	605	190	420	25	0	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	40	25	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	35	45	15	10	10
54. History	200	110	90	15	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	20	0	15	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,470	835	2,630	155	50	110
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	20	30	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	100	90	10	15	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,170	155	1,020	55	10	45
22. Legal professions and studies	575	150	425	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	25	0	20	10	0	0
42. Psychology	730	140	590	25	10	15
45. Social sciences	720	275	445	50	10	35
Business, management and public administration	7,540	1,770	5,770	615	115	510
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	15	10	15	0	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	655	85	570	60	0	50
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,860	1,675	5,185	545	105	440
Physical and life sciences and technologies	870	425	440	35	25	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	130	160	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315	130	185	20	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	0	15	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	205	145	65	10	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	30	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,190	595	595	60	15	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,025	540	485	60	15	40
25. Library science	75	20	60	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	30	40	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,655	10,130	530	720	630	80
04. Architecture and related services	45	30	10	0	0	0
14. Engineering	770	710	65	30	25	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,885	1,705	180	140	120	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,615	3,495	120	240	220	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,795	2,710	80	235	200	35
48. Precision production	1,545	1,480	65	70	70	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	585	385	200	65	30	35
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	245	100	145	15	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	345	285	60	50	30	20
Health and related fields	7,975	1,295	6,685	210	30	180
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	210	130	75	20	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs	7,675	1,110	6,565	190	20	165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	95	55	40	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,920	2,280	1,645	330	260	65
12. Personal and culinary services	1,960	490	1,470	85	35	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	500	390	110	40	30	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,415	1,365	55	205	195	10
Other	0	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	111,230	52,820	58,410	5,160	2,540	2,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,625	25,665	28,965	2,295	1,095	1,205
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	56,605	27,160	29,445	2,865	1,450	1,415
Location of study inside Canada	54,640	26,175	28,460	2,645	1,340	1,300
Same as province or territory of residence	48,020	22,635	25,380	2,140	1,090	1,045
Different than province or territory of residence	6,620	3,540	3,080	505	250	255
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,965	990	980	220	110	115
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	925	415	510	20	15	0
Philippines	115	55	65	90	25	60
India	40	25	10	20	15	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	250	170	85	35	30	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	185	90	95	0	0	0
France	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other	435	225	210	60	25	35
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	67,435	31,970	35,470	3,605	1,810	1,800
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,240	12,720	13,520	1,195	585	605
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	41,200	19,255	21,945	2,415	1,220	1,190
Location of study inside Canada	39,945	18,685	21,265	2,230	1,130	1,100
Same as province or territory of residence	35,325	16,235	19,090	1,780	910	865
Different than province or territory of residence	4,620	2,450	2,170	450	215	235
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,250	570	680	185	90	90
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	580	220	360	10	10	0
Philippines	105	55	50	85	30	55
India	20	15	10	15	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	140	80	60	30	20	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	90	55	40	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	315	150	165	40	20	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	111,230	52,825	58,405	5,165	2,545	2,620
In the labour force	59,580	30,185	29,390	3,665	1,890	1,770
Employed	48,840	23,565	25,275	3,360	1,705	1,655
Unemployed	10,740	6,625	4,115	305	190	115
Not in the labour force	51,650	22,635	29,020	1,500	650	850
Participation rate	53.6	57.1	50.3	71.0	74.3	67.6
Employment rate	43.9	44.6	43.3	65.1	67.0	63.2
Unemployment rate	18.0	21.9	14.0	8.3	10.1	6.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	111,230	52,825	58,405	5,165	2,540	2,620
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	47,840	20,780	27,060	1,195	515	680
Worked	63,390	32,045	31,345	3,965	2,025	1,940
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	26,380	12,965	13,420	2,160	1,130	1,025
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	37,015	19,085	17,930	1,805	895	905
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.7	36.3	39.1	42.0	41.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	59,580	30,190	29,390	3,665	1,890	1,770
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,755	960	800	30	25	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	57,825	29,230	28,590	3,635	1,870	1,770
Employee	53,965	26,605	27,360	3,490	1,780	1,710
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	3,855	2,630	1,230	150	85	65
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	59,580	30,185	29,395	3,665	1,890	1,770
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,755	955	800	30	25	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	57,825	29,230	28,595	3,635	1,870	1,770
0 Management occupations	4,045	2,430	1,615	345	210	135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,220	1,660	5,560	535	115	415
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,205	1,860	345	225	180	40
3 Health occupations	5,570	920	4,650	230	35	190
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,880	2,150	4,735	475	140	340
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,110	480	630	45	10	35
6 Sales and service occupations	15,545	5,885	9,665	865	355	510
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,655	9,215	440	810	730	85
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,550	3,025	525	50	45	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,030	1,605	425	50	50	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	59,580	30,190	29,390	3,670	1,895	1,775
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,755	960	795	25	25	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	57,825	29,230	28,590	3,635	1,870	1,770
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,925	2,340	585	40	30	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,365	1,210	155	110	85	30
22 Utilities	520	470	55	60	55	10
23 Construction	4,905	4,390	515	475	360	115
31-33 Manufacturing	2,940	2,225	720	80	60	20
41 Wholesale trade	995	755	240	115	80	35
44-45 Retail trade	7,530	3,200	4,330	395	195	205
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,375	1,855	525	250	175	75
51 Information and cultural industries	745	435	310	35	30	10
52 Finance and insurance	1,010	270	740	45	15	35
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	530	345	190	50	35	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,750	985	765	125	70	55
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,205	1,895	1,305	185	110	80
61 Educational services	4,645	1,515	3,130	195	60	135
62 Health care and social assistance	9,550	1,575	7,975	520	95	430
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,370	675	695	30	10	25
72 Accommodation and food services	4,710	1,530	3,175	335	145	190
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,415	1,225	1,190	135	65	65
91 Public administration	4,330	2,330	1,995	440	195	245
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	48,840	23,565	25,275	3,360	1,705	1,660
Worked at home	2,230	1,140	1,085	85	35	50
Worked outside Canada	95	70	25	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	6,440	4,795	1,645	270	210	60
Worked at usual place	40,075	17,560	22,515	3,005	1,465	1,545
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	40,075	17,560	22,515	3,010	1,465	1,545
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	33,685	14,040	19,650	2,755	1,305	1,445
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,435	1,000	1,440	205	140	65
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,680	1,530	1,150	35	10	30
Commute to a different province or territory	1,275	1,000	280	10	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	46,515	22,350	24,165	3,275	1,670	1,605
Car, truck, van - as a driver	38,500	18,245	20,255	2,665	1,325	1,340
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,870	1,655	2,215	220	80	140
Public transit	1,155	805	345	130	90	40
Walked	1,995	945	1,050	80	30	50
Bicycle	85	55	30	0	0	0
Other method	915	645	270	165	135	30
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	46,510	22,350	24,160	3,275	1,665	1,605
Less than 15 minutes	21,175	9,075	12,095	2,285	1,030	1,260
15 to 29 minutes	15,860	7,630	8,230	570	355	215
30 to 44 minutes	6,115	3,420	2,695	105	75	30
45 to 59 minutes	1,660	995	670	120	45	75
60 minutes and over	1,700	1,230	470	200	160	40
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	46,515	22,350	24,165	3,275	1,670	1,610
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,785	1,940	840	255	160	100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,220	4,375	3,850	305	230	75
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,270	6,210	6,060	1,350	690	660
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,375	4,020	7,355	795	320	470
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,105	1,500	2,605	240	100	145
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,765	4,305	3,460	330	170	160
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	65,220	32,945	32,275	4,065	2,085	1,985
Single responses	64,620	32,680	31,940	4,065	2,085	1,980
Official languages	63,935	32,305	31,630	4,055	2,085	1,975
English	62,850	31,820	31,035	4,055	2,085	1,970
French	1,085	480	595	0	0	0
Non-official languages	680	375	305	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	625	345	275	10	10	0
Algonquian languages	625	345	275	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	625	345	280	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	625	350	275	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	55	30	25	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Cantonese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	600	265	340	0	0	0
English and French	445	185	260	0	0	0
English and non-official language	155	80	75	0	0	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	65,220	32,945	32,275	4,070	2,085	1,985
None	61,775	31,305	30,470	3,985	2,065	1,920
English	1,220	585	635	10	0	0
French	1,410	680	725	30	10	25
Non-official language	800	365	440	45	10	35
Aboriginal	650	290	355	15	0	15
Non-Aboriginal	150	70	80	30	15	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	128,455	61,670	66,790	6,190	3,015	3,175
Non-movers	118,325	56,720	61,610	5,590	2,740	2,850
Movers	10,130	4,955	5,175	600	275	325
Non-migrants	7,125	3,400	3,730	340	150	195
Migrants	3,005	1,555	1,450	255	125	135
Internal migrants	2,685	1,405	1,285	240	115	125
Intraprovincial migrants	1,255	650	605	135	50	85
Interprovincial migrants	1,440	755	680	110	65	45
External migrants	320	155	170	15	0	10
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	124,080	59,445	64,635	5,885	2,875	3,010
Non-movers	96,225	46,020	50,210	4,050	1,970	2,080
Movers	27,855	13,425	14,425	1,835	900	930
Non-migrants	19,335	9,165	10,175	995	485	510
Migrants	8,515	4,260	4,255	840	415	420
Internal migrants	7,455	3,690	3,765	665	320	345
Intraprovincial migrants	3,740	1,785	1,960	355	175	185
Interprovincial migrants	3,710	1,905	1,810	310	150	160
External migrants	1,065	575	490	170	95	80

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Cape Breton [Economic region], Nova Scotia and Happy Valley-Goose Bay [Population centre], Newfoundland and Labrador (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cape Breton [Economic region], Nova Scotia and Happy Valley-Goose Bay [Population centre], Newfoundland and Labrador

Census Profile, 2016 Census Cape Breton [Economic region], Nova Scotia and Happy Valley-Goose Bay [Population centre], Newfoundland and Labrador

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cape Breton [Economic region], Nova Scotia and Happy Valley-Goose Bay [Population centre], Newfoundland and Labrador