Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bon Accord [Population centre], Alberta and Edmonton [Census metropolitan area], Alberta

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Bon Accord Alberta [Population centre]			Edmonton Alberta [Census metropolitan area]
	Data quality , Bon Accord [Population centre], Alberta Map : Bon Accord [Population centre], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Edmonton [Census metropolitan area], Alberta Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,529	...	...	1,321,426	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,488	...	...	1,159,869	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.8	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	578	...	...	537,634	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	560	...	...	502,143	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	718.7	...	...	140.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2.13	...	...	9,438.86	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,525	750	775	1,321,425	660,570	660,855
0 to 14 years	345	165	180	243,200	124,360	118,840
0 to 4 years	125	60	60	85,100	43,375	41,730
5 to 9 years	115	50	65	83,715	42,740	40,970
10 to 14 years	100	50	50	74,380	38,245	36,140
15 to 64 years	1,070	535	540	915,560	462,435	453,125
15 to 19 years	90	45	45	75,695	38,920	36,775
20 to 24 years	90	45	40	92,345	47,090	45,255
25 to 29 years	110	50	60	109,080	55,445	53,640
30 to 34 years	140	75	60	112,310	56,705	55,605
35 to 39 years	110	60	50	100,240	50,770	49,470
40 to 44 years	100	45	55	89,520	45,350	44,165
45 to 49 years	105	40	60	85,525	43,055	42,470
50 to 54 years	130	65	65	90,785	45,375	45,410
55 to 59 years	110	50	60	87,575	43,810	43,760
60 to 64 years	95	55	40	72,500	35,915	36,580
65 years and over	115	55	55	162,665	73,765	88,895
65 to 69 years	50	25	30	55,960	27,270	28,695
70 to 74 years	35	15	20	37,415	17,745	19,670
75 to 79 years	20	10	5	27,425	12,545	14,885
80 to 84 years	5	0	0	20,600	8,775	11,820
85 years and over	5	0	5	21,260	7,435	13,830
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	13,315	5,195	8,120
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	6,120	1,840	4,275
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	1,585	360	1,220
100 years and over	0	0	0	245	35	210
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.6	22.0	23.2	18.4	18.8	18.0
15 to 64 years	70.2	71.3	69.7	69.3	70.0	68.6
65 years and over	7.5	7.3	7.1	12.3	11.2	13.5
85 years and over	0.3	0.0	0.6	1.6	1.1	2.1
Average age of the population	35.2	35.4	35.0	37.8	37.1	38.5
Median age of the population	34.8	34.6	35.0	36.3	35.7	37.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	560	...	...	502,140	...	...
Single-detached house	475	...	...	287,775	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	26,885	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	75	...	...	180,580	...	...
Semi-detached house	10	...	...	31,195	...	...
Row house	55	...	...	42,865	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	10,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5	...	...	95,675	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	165	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	10	...	...	6,905	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	560	...	...	502,145	...	...
1 person	90	...	...	123,655	...	...
2 persons	210	...	...	168,735	...	...
3 persons	105	...	...	82,535	...	...
4 persons	90	...	...	77,110	...	...
5 or more persons	65	...	...	50,115	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,525	...	...	1,297,280	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,185	585	600	1,078,230	536,210	542,025
Married or living common law	790	390	400	627,500	314,990	312,510
Married	635	320	320	525,300	263,835	261,465
Living common law	155	75	75	102,200	51,155	51,045
Not married and not living common law	395	200	200	450,730	221,220	229,510
Never married	275	155	125	312,570	173,655	138,915
Separated	20	5	15	25,390	11,000	14,390
Divorced	65	25	35	65,720	27,020	38,695
Widowed	35	10	20	47,055	9,540	37,510
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	455	...	...	360,845	...	...
2 persons	215	...	...	173,185	...	...
3 persons	105	...	...	78,690	...	...
4 persons	95	...	...	74,835	...	...
5 or more persons	40	...	...	34,135	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	450	...	...	360,845	...	...
Total couple families	395	...	...	304,740	...	...
Married couples	315	...	...	253,655	...	...
Common-law couples	80	...	...	51,080	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	60	...	...	56,105	...	...
Female parent	45	...	...	43,515	...	...
Male parent	10	...	...	12,590	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	395	...	...	304,735	...	...
Couples without children	180	...	...	139,070	...	...
Couples with children	210	...	...	165,665	...	...
1 child	85	...	...	63,125	...	...
2 children	85	...	...	70,360	...	...
3 or more children	40	...	...	32,185	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	56,105	...	...
1 child	35	...	...	34,110	...	...
2 children	15	...	...	15,565	...	...
3 or more children	10	...	...	6,435	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	195	115	75	231,985	121,605	110,380
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	560	...	...	502,145	...	...
One-census-family households	430	...	...	336,245	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	170	...	...	129,390	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	255	...	...	206,855	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	10	...	...	11,980	...	...
Non-census-family households	120	...	...	153,920	...	...
One-person households	90	...	...	123,655	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	30	...	...	30,265	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,530	750	775	1,307,175	654,005	653,170
English only	1,445	700	745	1,189,600	600,100	589,500
French only	0	0	0	1,765	775	985
English and French	80	50	35	95,160	44,820	50,340
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	20,650	8,300	12,345
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,530	750	780	1,307,170	654,000	653,170
English	1,490	725	760	1,252,685	628,165	624,525
French	40	25	15	27,475	14,300	13,175
English and French	0	0	0	6,885	3,520	3,370
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	20,120	8,020	12,105
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	40	25	15	30,925	16,060	14,860
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.6	3.3	1.9	2.4	2.5	2.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,530	750	775	1,307,175	654,000	653,170
Single responses	1,515	745	765	1,272,990	637,380	635,610
Official languages	1,470	720	745	957,505	484,440	473,065
English	1,430	695	735	930,410	470,330	460,075
French	40	25	15	27,100	14,105	12,995
Non-official languages	40	25	20	315,485	152,940	162,545
Aboriginal languages	0	5	0	2,740	1,095	1,645
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,150	845	1,305
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	10	25
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	2,005	795	1,210
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	350	120	230
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	25	5	15
Woods Cree	0	0	0	155	65	90
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,455	590	860
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	95	40	55
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ojibway	0	0	0	90	35	55
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	220	80	145
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	220	75	145
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	5	5
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	145	50	95
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	20	5	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	40	15	25
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	25	10	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	65	20	50
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	40	10	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	20	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	5	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	225	100	120
Dakota	0	0	0	70	25	40
Stoney	0	0	0	155	80	75
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	20	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	40	25	20	312,745	151,845	160,900
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	31,265	16,330	14,935
Berber languages	0	0	0	130	75	60
Kabyle	0	0	0	75	45	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	7,905	3,970	3,940
Bilen	0	0	0	245	140	105
Oromo	0	0	0	1,130	585	540
Somali	0	0	0	6,510	3,235	3,275
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Semitic languages	5	0	0	23,155	12,245	10,910
Amharic	0	0	0	2,515	1,215	1,295
Arabic	0	0	0	17,520	9,375	8,145
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	75	35	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	25	15
Harari	0	0	0	165	85	80
Hebrew	0	0	0	405	220	180
Maltese	0	0	0	30	10	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0	2,330	1,225	1,110
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	50	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	45	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,640	4,450	5,190
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	765	360	405
Vietnamese	0	0	0	8,870	4,080	4,785
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	42,565	18,515	24,050
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	60
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,940	810	1,125
Fijian	0	0	0	55	30	25
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	530	235	295
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,065
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malay	0	0	0	515	225	290
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	340	155	180
Pangasinan	0	0	0	110	45	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	36,750	16,010	20,740
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	75	30	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	125	155
Creole languages	0	0	0	1,015	530	490
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	55	25	30
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	615	345	275
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	350	160	185
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	6,790	3,545	3,250
Kannada	0	0	0	210	105	100
Malayalam	0	0	0	3,455	1,785	1,675
Tamil	0	0	0	2,170	1,150	1,025
Telugu	0	0	0	940	495	440
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-European languages	35	15	20	152,395	75,615	76,780
Albanian	0	0	0	770	415	350
Armenian	0	0	0	170	85	85
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	34,695	16,210	18,480
Baltic languages	0	0	0	320	145	175
Latvian	0	0	0	150	65	80
Lithuanian	0	0	0	170	75	95
Slavic languages	10	5	0	34,375	16,070	18,300
Belarusan	0	0	0	35	15	15
Bosnian	0	0	0	710	355	355
Bulgarian	0	0	0	480	250	225
Croatian	5	5	0	2,010	1,050	960
Czech	0	0	0	895	435	460
Macedonian	0	0	0	185	90	90
Polish	0	5	0	9,380	4,375	5,000
Russian	0	0	0	5,730	2,655	3,075
Serbian	0	0	0	1,835	930	910
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	360	180	175
Slovak	0	0	0	610	300	315
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	290	140	155
Ukrainian	0	5	0	11,770	5,250	6,520
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	45
Celtic languages	0	0	0	120	75	45
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	45	25	20
Welsh	0	0	0	35	25	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	25	15
Germanic languages	15	5	10	20,925	9,990	10,935
Afrikaans	0	0	0	575	300	270
Danish	0	0	0	745	365	375
Dutch	10	0	5	4,100	1,985	2,120
Frisian	0	0	0	90	50	40
German	5	0	0	14,760	6,995	7,765
Icelandic	0	0	0	35	15	25
Norwegian	0	0	0	210	100	110
Swedish	0	0	0	270	115	155
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	80	35	45
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	30	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Greek	0	0	0	1,075	585	490
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	64,055	32,905	31,155
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	57,440	29,435	28,005
Bengali	0	0	0	2,335	1,230	1,110
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,745	2,980	2,765
Hindi	0	0	0	8,410	4,235	4,180
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	10	10
Konkani	0	0	0	155	80	75
Marathi	0	0	0	535	275	260
Nepali	0	0	0	1,990	1,040	955
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	27,780	14,270	13,515
Sindhi	0	0	0	940	435	500
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,305	680	630
Urdu	0	0	0	8,140	4,155	3,985
Iranian languages	0	0	0	6,335	3,320	3,015
Kurdish	0	0	0	755	420	340
Pashto	0	0	0	660	350	310
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	4,920	2,555	2,370
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	150	130
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	5	30,585	15,355	15,235
Catalan	0	0	0	25	15	15
Italian	0	0	5	4,910	2,440	2,470
Portuguese	0	0	0	4,630	2,260	2,370
Romanian	5	0	0	2,540	1,270	1,265
Spanish	5	0	0	18,465	9,365	9,105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0	1,055	340	715
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	70	40	25
Georgian	0	0	0	65	40	30
Korean	0	0	0	6,330	3,005	3,325
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	80	35	45
Mongolian	0	0	0	80	35	45
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	7,320	3,700	3,620
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	885	460	425
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Edo	0	0	0	140	75	70
Ewe	0	0	0	125	75	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	140	75	65
Ga	0	0	0	65	35	30
Ganda	0	0	0	210	105	105
Igbo	0	0	0	305	165	145
Lingala	0	0	0	160	80	80
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	400	200	205
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	610	305	305
Shona	0	0	0	565	275	290
Swahili	0	0	0	1,245	600	645
Wolof	0	0	0	130	85	45
Yoruba	0	0	0	700	390	310
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,610	760	850
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	750	385	365
Dinka	0	0	0	335	170	160
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	210	205
Sign languages	0	0	0	390	190	200
American Sign Language	0	0	0	175	80	100
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	210	105	105
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	47,885	22,610	25,270
Chinese languages	0	0	0	47,180	22,240	24,945
Cantonese	0	0	0	22,670	10,590	12,080
Hakka	0	0	0	620	290	330
Mandarin	0	0	0	19,930	9,465	10,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	70	30	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,265	580	685
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	235	120	115
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,365	1,160	1,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	700	370	330
Burmese	0	0	0	145	75	65
Karenic languages	0	0	0	430	235	200
Tibetan	0	0	0	20	15	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,020	380	635
Lao	0	0	0	385	190	195
Thai	0	0	0	625	190	435
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Turkic languages	0	0	0	2,075	1,160	915
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	120	75	45
Turkish	0	0	0	1,740	965	770
Uyghur	0	0	0	60	35	25
Uzbek	0	0	0	110	60	45
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,850	880	975
Estonian	0	0	0	45	20	30
Finnish	0	0	0	225	95	130
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,580	765	815
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	235	130	100
Multiple responses	15	10	5	34,180	16,625	17,560
English and French	5	0	5	3,915	1,915	2,000
English and non-official language	5	0	0	28,420	13,785	14,635
French and non-official language	0	0	0	1,225	610	620
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	615	310	305
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,530	750	775	1,307,175	654,000	653,175
Single responses	1,520	750	770	1,235,280	618,935	616,350
Official languages	1,520	750	775	1,061,360	533,475	527,880
English	1,500	740	765	1,050,405	527,870	522,530
French	15	10	5	10,950	5,605	5,340
Non-official languages	5	0	0	173,925	85,455	88,470
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	535	240	295
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	450	205	245
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	420	190	230
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Plains Cree	0	0	0	55	25	30
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	325	145	180
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	15	5	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	40	15	20
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	25	10	15
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	173,390	85,215	88,175
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	20,330	10,315	10,020
Berber languages	0	0	0	95	45	50
Kabyle	0	0	0	50	25	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5,850	2,930	2,920
Bilen	0	0	0	210	125	90
Oromo	0	0	0	885	450	435
Somali	0	0	0	4,740	2,355	2,385
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Semitic languages	0	0	0	14,365	7,325	7,040
Amharic	0	0	0	1,695	805	890
Arabic	0	0	0	10,590	5,450	5,145
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	40	20	20
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	20	10	5
Harari	0	0	0	115	55	60
Hebrew	0	0	0	185	100	95
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,655	855	800
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	35	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	6,245	2,890	3,365
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	385	185	205
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5,860	2,700	3,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	0	22,800	10,715	12,085
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	810	390	420
Fijian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	190	85	105
Ilocano	0	0	0	605	285	320
Malagasy	0	0	0	5	5	0
Malay	0	0	0	130	65	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	125	60	70
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	5	20,765	9,745	11,020
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	40
Creole languages	0	0	0	570	285	280
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	40	20	20
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	380	200	180
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	70	80
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,415	2,280	2,140
Kannada	0	0	0	80	40	40
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,330	1,195	1,130
Tamil	0	0	0	1,445	760	680
Telugu	0	0	0	560	280	280
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-European languages	0	0	5	75,400	37,840	37,560
Albanian	0	0	0	370	195	175
Armenian	0	0	0	70	35	35
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	12,815	6,240	6,575
Baltic languages	0	0	0	120	55	65
Latvian	0	0	0	55	25	30
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	30	35
Slavic languages	0	0	0	12,690	6,185	6,505
Belarusan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	305	155	150
Bulgarian	0	0	0	290	150	150
Croatian	0	0	0	895	455	440
Czech	0	0	0	255	135	120
Macedonian	0	0	0	90	45	40
Polish	0	0	0	3,805	1,790	2,015
Russian	0	0	0	3,265	1,615	1,650
Serbian	0	0	0	1,000	505	500
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	120	55	60
Slovak	0	0	0	170	80	90
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	65	35	35
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,395	1,150	1,250
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	3,045	1,490	1,555
Afrikaans	0	0	0	295	155	145
Danish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Dutch	0	0	0	275	135	140
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	0	0	0	2,315	1,135	1,180
Icelandic	0	0	0	15	5	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Swedish	0	0	0	65	30	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	375	185	190
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	43,140	21,900	21,240
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	39,005	19,815	19,190
Bengali	0	0	0	1,455	750	700
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,650	1,855	1,795
Hindi	0	0	0	5,095	2,600	2,495
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	40	20	15
Marathi	0	0	0	335	170	160
Nepali	0	0	0	1,395	725	665
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	20,655	10,505	10,150
Sindhi	0	0	0	465	230	235
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	785	405	380
Urdu	0	0	0	5,100	2,530	2,570
Iranian languages	0	0	0	4,020	2,040	1,985
Kurdish	0	0	0	375	200	180
Pashto	0	0	0	430	230	195
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	3,215	1,605	1,610
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	50	65
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	5	15,580	7,780	7,800
Catalan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Italian	0	0	0	1,405	635	770
Portuguese	0	0	0	1,915	915	1,000
Romanian	0	0	0	1,355	670	685
Spanish	5	0	0	10,880	5,545	5,335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Japanese	0	0	0	475	190	285
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	55	25	25
Georgian	0	0	0	55	30	25
Korean	0	0	0	4,570	2,240	2,325
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	45	20	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	50	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,945	1,420	1,525
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	445	210	235
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ewe	0	0	0	40	25	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	55	25	25
Ga	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ganda	0	0	0	80	35	40
Igbo	0	0	0	85	40	45
Lingala	0	0	0	40	20	25
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	200	90	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	285	150	135
Shona	0	0	0	220	100	120
Swahili	0	0	0	585	275	315
Wolof	0	0	0	90	50	40
Yoruba	0	0	0	280	145	135
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	495	225	270
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	365	190	180
Dinka	0	0	0	200	110	90
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	75	90
Sign languages	0	0	0	480	270	210
American Sign Language	0	0	0	195	105	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	285	165	120
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	32,310	15,330	16,980
Chinese languages	0	0	0	31,770	15,045	16,720
Cantonese	0	0	0	14,695	6,795	7,900
Hakka	0	0	0	215	95	120
Mandarin	0	0	0	14,725	7,150	7,575
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	555	235	315
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	120	60	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,440	705	735
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	540	280	255
Burmese	0	0	0	95	50	45
Karenic languages	0	0	0	360	195	165
Tibetan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	475	220	260
Lao	0	0	0	190	90	95
Thai	0	0	0	285	130	155
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	5
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,310	705	610
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	50	30	20
Turkish	0	0	0	1,140	605	535
Uyghur	0	0	0	40	20	15
Uzbek	0	0	0	70	40	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Uralic languages	0	0	0	505	240	270
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Finnish	0	0	0	30	15	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	475	225	250
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	35
Multiple responses	5	5	5	71,890	35,065	36,825
English and French	0	0	0	2,760	1,375	1,390
English and non-official language	5	0	0	67,205	32,760	34,445
French and non-official language	0	0	0	590	285	305
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	1,340	655	680
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,530	755	780	1,307,170	654,005	653,170
None	1,470	725	745	1,112,425	559,130	553,295
English	20	10	10	79,240	39,665	39,575
French	15	10	10	14,810	6,920	7,890
Non-official language	20	10	15	97,025	46,415	50,605
Aboriginal	0	0	0	2,570	1,070	1,495
Non-Aboriginal	20	5	10	94,460	45,350	49,110
English and French	0	0	0	685	350	335
English and non-official language	0	0	0	1,870	975	895
French and non-official language	5	5	0	1,060	510	550
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	50	25	20
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,185	585	595	1,054,615	525,585	529,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,130	565	565	1,004,255	500,995	503,265
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,517	70,997	35,157	43,900	55,986	34,288
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,125	565	565	1,004,495	501,035	503,465
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,435	58,304	31,648	38,900	47,853	31,301
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,040	545	500	933,730	477,775	455,950
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,867	70,656	35,712	43,516	55,575	33,224
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	615	215	405	594,350	239,370	354,980
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,920	7,216	4,336	3,919	3,476	4,103
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	960	505	455	816,225	428,235	387,990
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,918	69,632	36,416	44,571	56,058	34,888
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,175	590	585	1,054,635	525,710	528,925
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,130	580	555	1,004,765	501,080	503,685
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,505	68,662	37,638	60,781	76,732	44,913
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,125	580	555	1,005,025	501,130	503,900
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,408	55,962	32,313	49,500	60,958	38,105
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,010	545	470	933,685	477,415	456,270
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	55,291	69,628	38,647	60,855	76,948	44,016
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	600	200	400	594,040	239,135	354,905
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,508	9,114	6,704	7,157	7,162	7,153
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	920	495	425	816,225	427,160	389,065
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,656	69,103	37,835	57,609	71,072	42,828
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,175	590	585	1,054,635	525,710	528,930
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	470	285	190	382,260	219,385	162,870
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	65,083	79,393	51,427	65,053	74,962	55,048
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	70,778	80,729	55,993	78,434	90,605	62,040
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	93.0	96.4	88.4	93.1	95.6	88.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	84.2	86.7	79.8	77.1	79.4	73.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.0	4.4	11.5	6.9	4.4	11.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,185	585	595	1,054,615	525,585	529,030
Without total income	55	20	35	50,355	24,590	25,765
With total income	1,125	565	565	1,004,260	500,995	503,265
Percentage with total income	94.9	96.6	95.0	95.2	95.3	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140	40	95	123,530	46,620	76,915
$10,000 to $19,999	100	30	75	124,650	47,170	77,480
$20,000 to $29,999	90	35	55	116,840	45,095	71,745
$30,000 to $39,999	130	40	90	99,035	42,010	57,025
$40,000 to $49,999	90	35	55	95,695	43,805	51,890
$50,000 to $59,999	115	50	60	85,705	42,195	43,515
$60,000 to $69,999	90	45	45	71,855	39,380	32,470
$70,000 to $79,999	95	70	25	58,140	34,740	23,395
$80,000 to $89,999	75	50	20	46,275	28,870	17,405
$90,000 to $99,999	50	45	5	39,810	24,790	15,015
$100,000 and over	150	125	25	142,725	106,320	36,410
$100,000 to $149,999	120	100	20	93,120	66,555	26,560
$150,000 and over	25	30	0	49,610	39,765	9,845
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,185	585	595	1,054,615	525,585	529,030
Without after-tax income	60	25	30	50,120	24,550	25,565
With after-tax income	1,125	565	565	1,004,495	501,035	503,460
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	96.6	95.0	95.2	95.3	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	145	40	95	126,435	47,390	79,040
$10,000 to $19,999	115	30	85	130,460	49,510	80,950
$20,000 to $29,999	125	45	85	135,175	52,885	82,290
$30,000 to $39,999	145	55	90	124,095	55,060	69,035
$40,000 to $49,999	135	60	75	119,275	58,005	61,265
$50,000 to $59,999	135	75	65	96,830	53,195	43,630
$60,000 to $69,999	110	80	25	72,420	44,130	28,285
$70,000 to $79,999	80	60	20	55,695	35,055	20,635
$80,000 and over	150	120	25	144,115	105,795	38,325
$80,000 to $89,999	55	40	15	42,055	27,795	14,255
$90,000 to $99,999	45	35	10	27,800	19,845	7,955
$100,000 and over	50	45	0	74,260	58,150	16,115
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,185	590	595	1,054,615	525,585	529,030
Without employment income	225	85	145	238,390	97,350	141,040
With employment income	960	505	455	816,225	428,235	387,990
Percentage with employment income	81.0	85.6	76.5	77.4	81.5	73.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	100	40	60	82,765	36,685	46,080
$5,000 to $9,999	40	20	25	53,035	21,765	31,270
$10,000 to $19,999	70	25	50	88,955	36,670	52,285
$20,000 to $29,999	75	25	55	75,155	30,800	44,350
$30,000 to $39,999	100	30	65	73,780	32,515	41,260
$40,000 to $49,999	75	30	50	74,200	34,450	39,755
$50,000 to $59,999	85	40	50	69,110	34,275	34,830
$60,000 to $69,999	80	45	35	57,935	32,290	25,650
$70,000 to $79,999	85	65	15	48,400	29,725	18,675
$80,000 and over	235	190	45	192,895	139,065	53,830
$80,000 to $89,999	60	40	20	39,340	25,230	14,105
$90,000 to $99,999	45	35	10	35,535	22,345	13,185
$100,000 and over	125	105	15	118,020	91,490	26,535
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	560	...	...	502,145	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	104,960	...	...	94,447	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	89,216	...	...	80,578	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	90	...	...	123,655	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	56,832	...	...	49,127	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,440	...	...	42,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	470	...	...	378,490	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	115,328	...	...	113,082	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,744	...	...	95,922	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	560	...	...	502,145	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	107,892	...	...	121,620	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	89,547	...	...	99,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	95	...	...	123,645	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	64,013	...	...	61,906	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,530	...	...	50,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	465	...	...	378,500	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	116,629	...	...	141,127	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	96,918	...	...	114,941	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	560	...	...	502,145	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	7,130	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	4,390	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	6,090	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	10,650	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	15,975	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	12,650	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	13,375	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	14,710	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	14,890	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	15,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	31,270	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	31,800	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	30,885	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	45	...	...	29,315	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	40	...	...	28,300	...	...
$100,000 and over	300	...	...	235,480	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	90	...	...	62,155	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	85	...	...	49,070	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	85	...	...	63,025	...	...
$200,000 and over	45	...	...	61,235	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	560	...	...	502,145	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	7,570	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	4,475	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	6,245	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	11,130	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	17,110	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	14,425	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	16,045	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	17,890	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	18,790	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	19,570	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	39,790	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	45	...	...	38,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	60	...	...	37,325	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	50	...	...	35,490	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	55	...	...	32,000	...	...
$100,000 and over	215	...	...	185,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	105	...	...	65,440	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	50	...	...	45,315	...	...
$150,000 and over	60	...	...	74,900	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	450	...	...	356,945	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	114,304	...	...	112,017	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	95,424	...	...	94,936	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	170	...	...	126,600	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	111,616	...	...	104,291	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,232	...	...	88,163	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	210	...	...	166,230	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,976	...	...	135,226	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,832	...	...	113,369	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	51,255	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	71,424	...	...	65,372	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,616	...	...	58,846	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	455	...	...	356,770	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	115,266	...	...	141,238	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	95,875	...	...	114,746	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	145	...	...	126,555	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	110,502	...	...	137,211	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	92,201	...	...	110,306	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	240	...	...	166,280	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	130,660	...	...	164,710	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	107,740	...	...	133,356	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	51,105	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,473	...	...	79,925	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,031	...	...	68,464	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	155	90	65	195,755	104,590	91,160
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	54,016	66,624	45,184	43,174	48,152	38,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	44,971	53,824	38,272	38,035	41,552	34,433
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	125	80	45	195,565	104,575	90,990
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	62,437	61,929	63,388	54,619	59,975	48,463
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	51,061	50,257	52,564	45,054	48,572	41,012
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,525	750	780	1,297,280	649,640	647,635
In the bottom half of the distribution	505	240	270	481,165	231,525	249,645
In the bottom decile	60	25	30	92,850	45,260	47,590
In the second decile	65	30	30	85,520	38,920	46,600
In the third decile	85	45	40	91,520	43,370	48,145
In the fourth decile	150	65	80	100,245	48,930	51,320
In the fifth decile	160	70	85	111,030	55,040	55,990
In the top half of the distribution	1,020	515	505	816,110	418,120	397,995
In the sixth decile	190	90	100	121,550	60,470	61,085
In the seventh decile	195	95	95	134,300	67,770	66,525
In the eighth decile	220	115	105	153,240	78,455	74,790
In the ninth decile	215	105	105	182,320	93,660	88,655
In the top decile	200	100	95	224,700	117,765	106,940
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,525	755	775	1,292,885	647,435	645,450
0 to 17 years	400	195	210	285,260	146,015	139,250
0 to 5 years	145	65	75	101,220	51,610	49,615
18 to 64 years	1,015	505	515	860,170	432,525	427,645
65 years and over	110	55	60	147,455	68,895	78,560
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	90	35	50	119,950	56,360	63,585
0 to 17 years	35	15	15	37,730	19,310	18,420
0 to 5 years	10	5	10	14,275	7,295	6,975
18 to 64 years	50	15	30	70,850	32,915	37,930
65 years and over	5	5	0	11,370	4,135	7,240
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.9	4.6	6.5	9.3	8.7	9.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.8	7.7	7.1	13.2	13.2	13.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.9	7.7	13.3	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	3.0	5.8	8.2	7.6	8.9
65 years and over (%)	4.5	9.1	0.0	7.7	6.0	9.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	15	25	103,445	50,315	53,135
0 to 17 years	15	5	10	29,130	14,860	14,270
0 to 5 years	5	0	10	11,105	5,670	5,440
18 to 64 years	20	10	10	68,795	33,340	35,455
65 years and over	0	0	0	5,525	2,115	3,415
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.0	3.2	8.0	7.8	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	2.6	4.8	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	0.0	13.3	11.0	11.0	11.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.0	2.0	1.9	8.0	7.7	8.3
65 years and over (%)	0.0	0.0	0.0	3.7	3.1	4.3
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,530	765	765	1,297,275	649,640	647,635
Official languages	1,525	760	765	1,276,935	641,480	635,460
English	1,525	765	765	1,275,260	640,765	634,500
French	80	35	40	96,065	45,030	51,035
Non-official languages	50	30	20	398,035	193,550	204,490
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	4,990	2,095	2,895
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	4,185	1,695	2,495
Blackfoot	0	0	0	40	10	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	4,005	1,625	2,380
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	25	10	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	965	360	600
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	30	15	15
Woods Cree	0	0	0	260	125	135
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,720	1,110	1,610
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	170	60	110
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	165	60	105
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	325	135	190
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	325	130	190
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	30	10	25
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dene	0	0	0	215	80	135
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	45	20	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	15	10	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	50	30	20
Salish languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	400	215	185
Dakota	0	0	0	135	75	60
Stoney	0	0	0	280	150	130
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	50	30	20	393,190	191,520	201,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	44,810	23,235	21,575
Berber languages	0	0	0	205	105	95
Kabyle	0	0	0	80	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	9,800	4,985	4,815
Bilen	0	0	0	240	140	100
Oromo	0	0	0	1,205	645	560
Somali	0	0	0	8,395	4,225	4,180
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20
Semitic languages	0	10	0	35,985	18,775	17,210
Amharic	0	0	0	4,090	2,080	2,010
Arabic	10	10	0	28,265	14,885	13,380
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	70	35	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	20	20	0
Harari	0	0	0	235	95	140
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,460	760	700
Maltese	0	0	0	75	40	35
Tigrigna	0	0	0	3,130	1,590	1,545
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	85	75
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	90	65
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	12,855	6,000	6,860
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,100	530	575
Vietnamese	0	0	0	11,805	5,500	6,305
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	53,440	23,390	30,055
Bikol	0	0	0	75	40	35
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,505	1,115	1,385
Fijian	0	0	0	140	85	60
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	515	215	300
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,415	1,020	1,400
Malagasy	0	0	0	15	0	10
Malay	0	0	0	1,240	560	680
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	525	240	285
Pangasinan	0	0	0	170	75	100
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	50,715	22,130	28,585
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	105	30	70
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	175	245
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,150	1,150	1,000
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	115	60	50
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,285	710	575
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	765	385	385
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	8,940	4,710	4,230
Kannada	0	0	0	385	185	195
Malayalam	0	0	0	4,555	2,345	2,210
Tamil	0	0	0	3,170	1,720	1,445
Telugu	0	0	0	1,365	730	635
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	30	15	10
Indo-European languages	40	25	15	195,195	96,900	98,295
Albanian	0	0	0	880	490	395
Armenian	0	0	0	200	75	125
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	10	40,105	18,935	21,170
Baltic languages	0	0	0	545	255	285
Latvian	0	0	0	250	120	130
Lithuanian	0	0	0	295	130	160
Slavic languages	20	15	10	39,780	18,780	21,000
Belarusan	0	0	0	115	60	55
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,135	545	590
Bulgarian	0	0	0	545	270	275
Croatian	0	10	0	2,810	1,550	1,265
Czech	0	0	0	1,045	445	600
Macedonian	0	0	0	230	110	125
Polish	10	10	0	11,325	5,560	5,760
Russian	0	0	0	9,250	4,365	4,885
Serbian	0	0	10	2,480	1,200	1,280
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	445	210	230
Slovak	0	0	0	750	400	345
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	285	135	145
Ukrainian	10	10	0	14,420	6,245	8,175
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50
Celtic languages	10	0	0	430	245	190
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	155	70	90
Welsh	0	0	0	100	60	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	190	110	75
Germanic languages	10	0	10	28,550	14,065	14,485
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,220	605	615
Danish	0	0	0	775	375	405
Dutch	0	0	10	4,835	2,335	2,500
Frisian	0	0	0	95	60	35
German	10	0	0	20,990	10,505	10,490
Icelandic	0	0	0	55	20	35
Norwegian	0	0	0	450	195	260
Swedish	0	0	0	580	270	310
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	85	35	50
Yiddish	0	0	0	70	40	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0
Greek	0	0	0	1,580	790	790
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	79,030	40,725	38,305
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	72,275	37,165	35,110
Bengali	0	0	0	2,815	1,485	1,330
Gujarati	0	0	0	7,510	3,745	3,770
Hindi	0	0	0	27,470	14,320	13,145
Kashmiri	0	0	0	60	30	25
Konkani	0	0	0	165	75	95
Marathi	0	0	0	845	470	375
Nepali	0	0	0	1,975	1,060	905
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	105	55	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	36,190	18,665	17,525
Sindhi	0	0	0	1,740	800	935
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,830	940	890
Urdu	0	0	0	12,275	6,370	5,910
Iranian languages	0	0	0	7,255	3,805	3,455
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	520	335
Pashto	0	0	0	810	445	370
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	5,815	2,990	2,825
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	49,030	23,975	25,060
Catalan	0	0	0	75	45	35
Italian	0	0	0	8,390	4,190	4,200
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,100	3,005	3,095
Romanian	0	0	0	3,015	1,545	1,465
Spanish	0	0	0	33,180	16,040	17,140
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	50
Japanese	0	0	0	2,540	1,110	1,435
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	60	25	35
Georgian	0	0	0	65	25	35
Korean	0	0	0	7,175	3,385	3,795
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	145	65	80
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	65	80
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,245	6,720	6,525
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,435	710	725
Bamanankan	0	0	0	35	15	20
Edo	0	0	0	285	140	145
Ewe	0	0	0	155	85	70
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	160	80	80
Ga	0	0	0	195	105	95
Ganda	0	0	0	430	210	220
Igbo	0	0	0	600	330	275
Lingala	0	0	0	750	375	375
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	600	285	315
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	905	485	425
Shona	0	0	0	1,025	500	525
Swahili	0	0	0	3,530	1,865	1,670
Wolof	0	0	0	220	135	90
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,600	835	765
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,300	1,620	1,690
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	940	465	475
Dinka	0	0	0	570	265	305
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	370	200	170
Sign languages	0	0	10	2,730	1,055	1,675
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,545	560	980
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	1,195	500	700
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	55,160	26,590	28,570
Chinese languages	0	0	0	54,310	26,145	28,165
Cantonese	0	0	0	28,755	13,710	15,040
Hakka	0	0	0	700	310	400
Mandarin	0	0	0	28,210	13,450	14,760
Min Dong	0	0	0	25	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,605	715	890
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	260	120	135
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,405	1,200	1,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	875	455	415
Burmese	0	0	0	240	125	110
Karenic languages	0	0	0	475	245	230
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	25	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	175	100	75
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,315	525	795
Lao	0	0	0	580	270	310
Thai	0	0	0	830	270	560
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages	0	0	0	2,910	1,615	1,290
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	250	135	110
Turkish	0	0	0	2,380	1,335	1,045
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75
Uzbek	0	0	0	150	75	70
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	25	40
Uralic languages	0	0	0	2,320	1,115	1,205
Estonian	0	0	0	40	25	15
Finnish	0	0	0	415	165	245
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,875	920	950
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	700	395	300
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,525	760	765	1,297,275	649,640	647,635
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,505	750	760	1,162,900	583,130	579,770
Canadian citizens aged under 18	395	195	200	264,740	135,520	129,225
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,115	560	555	898,160	447,610	450,550
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	20	10	10	134,375	66,510	67,865
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,530	765	760	1,297,280	649,640	647,635
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,485	740	745	960,305	484,015	476,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	30	10	15	308,605	150,860	157,745
Before 1981	25	10	10	61,135	30,555	30,580
1981 to 1990	10	0	0	34,055	16,640	17,415
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	46,805	21,960	24,845
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	88,085	43,340	44,750
2001 to 2005	0	0	0	36,515	17,855	18,665
2006 to 2010	0	0	0	51,570	25,480	26,085
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	0	0	0	78,520	38,360	40,160
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	15	10	10	28,370	14,770	13,600
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	30	10	20	308,605	150,860	157,745
Under 5 years	15	10	10	29,350	15,180	14,170
5 to 14 years	10	0	0	53,495	27,785	25,715
15 to 24 years	10	0	0	63,385	29,075	34,315
25 to 44 years	0	0	0	137,060	67,050	70,010
45 years and over	0	0	0	25,310	11,775	13,535
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	30	10	15	308,605	150,860	157,745
Americas	10	0	10	31,610	15,195	16,420
Brazil	0	0	0	800	330	475
Colombia	0	0	0	2,610	1,305	1,305
El Salvador	0	0	0	3,055	1,550	1,500
Guyana	0	0	0	1,405	625	785
Haiti	0	0	0	540	305	240
Jamaica	0	0	10	2,795	1,265	1,530
Mexico	0	0	0	2,440	1,235	1,205
Peru	0	0	0	555	215	335
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,630	805	830
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	8,605	4,020	4,590
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	7,175	3,540	3,635
Europe	15	10	10	65,660	32,670	32,985
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	1,945	995	950
Croatia	0	0	0	1,430	770	665
France	10	0	10	785	345	435
Germany	0	0	0	7,140	3,550	3,585
Greece	0	0	0	655	370	285
Hungary	0	0	0	975	480	490
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	1,520	815	700
Italy	0	0	0	3,520	1,900	1,625
Netherlands	0	0	0	3,830	2,020	1,805
Poland	0	0	0	8,005	3,870	4,135
Portugal	0	0	0	2,575	1,265	1,305
Romania	0	0	0	2,335	1,185	1,150
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,330	1,000	1,330
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	880	395	490
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,765	1,650	2,120
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	0	0	16,875	8,615	8,260
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	7,100	3,440	3,660
Africa	0	0	0	37,200	19,240	17,955
Algeria	0	0	0	385	195	185
Egypt	0	0	0	2,055	1,155	900
Ethiopia	0	0	0	4,015	2,050	1,970
Kenya	0	0	0	1,995	1,025	975
Morocco	0	0	0	805	495	305
Nigeria	0	0	0	3,255	1,735	1,525
Somalia	0	0	0	4,585	2,255	2,335
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	2,250	1,070	1,180
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	17,845	9,260	8,585
Asia	0	0	0	169,900	81,640	88,255
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,490	770	725
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,615	810	810
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	19,705	9,025	10,680
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	7,355	3,555	3,800
India	0	0	0	38,830	19,850	18,980
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	2,720	1,440	1,280
Iraq	0	0	0	2,100	1,140	955
Japan	0	0	0	690	195	490
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	4,980	2,345	2,640
Lebanon	0	0	0	5,055	2,755	2,295
Pakistan	0	0	0	8,255	4,245	4,010
Philippines	0	0	0	45,400	19,900	25,500
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2,125	1,050	1,070
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	2,015	1,090	920
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,030	445	585
Viet Nam	0	0	0	10,425	4,865	5,555
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	16,130	8,165	7,965
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	4,235	2,110	2,125
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	0	0	0	78,520	38,360	40,160
Americas	0	0	0	5,875	2,765	3,110
Brazil	0	0	0	270	110	160
Colombia	0	0	0	575	235	335
Cuba	0	0	0	250	115	135
Haiti	0	0	0	180	100	75
Jamaica	0	0	0	685	290	390
Mexico	0	0	0	975	505	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	1,485	680	810
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	230	90	140
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	1,230	640	595
Europe	0	0	0	7,310	3,745	3,565
France	0	0	0	105	55	50
Germany	0	0	0	520	295	225
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	535	330	205
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	210	90	120
Romania	0	0	0	375	175	200
Russian Federation	0	0	0	440	165	275
Ukraine	0	0	0	905	415	485
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	1,855	1,035	820
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,365	1,185	1,180
Africa	0	0	0	11,805	5,980	5,825
Algeria	0	0	0	40	15	30
Cameroon	0	0	0	375	180	195
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	525	250	275
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	285	130	155
Egypt	0	0	0	745	410	335
Eritrea	0	0	0	990	520	475
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,225	630	595
Morocco	0	0	0	245	145	100
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,565	830	735
Somalia	0	0	0	1,390	685	705
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	500	245	250
Tunisia	0	0	0	155	80	80
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	3,760	1,865	1,895
Asia	0	0	0	52,810	25,490	27,315
Afghanistan	0	0	0	225	115	105
Bangladesh	0	0	0	555	265	290
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	3,685	1,650	2,030
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	310	110	200
India	0	0	0	13,565	7,090	6,475
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	890	475	410
Iraq	0	0	0	705	360	340
Israel	0	0	0	250	130	120
Japan	0	0	0	190	60	130
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	1,500	745	750
Lebanon	0	0	0	785	400	390
Nepal	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,980	990	990
Philippines	0	0	0	21,500	9,800	11,705
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	375	215	165
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	760	365	395
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	1,390	745	650
Taiwan	0	0	0	130	40	85
Turkey	0	0	0	220	135	85
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	310	170	140
Viet Nam	0	0	0	760	295	465
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,635	750	885
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	725	380	345
Australia	0	0	0	270	145	130
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	445	235	215
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,525	765	760	1,297,275	649,640	647,635
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	65	40	15	343,870	169,145	174,730
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	215	115	100	256,420	128,705	127,720
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,255	605	645	696,980	351,795	345,185
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	10	0	0	252,335	122,790	129,540
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	0	0	0	135,795	68,725	67,070
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	0	0	0	55,155	34,145	21,010
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	0	0	0	80,640	34,580	46,055
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	10	10	0	72,525	30,020	42,510
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	0	0	42,345	23,175	19,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	1,665	875	790
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,525	765	765	1,297,275	649,640	647,635
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	115	40	75	76,205	36,170	40,035
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	115	40	75	74,435	35,370	39,065
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	40	15	25	33,885	15,790	18,100
Métis	75	20	55	39,435	19,000	20,435
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	1,110	580	530
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	1,075	500	570
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	700	295	400
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,410	725	690	1,221,075	613,475	607,600
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,525	765	760	1,297,280	649,645	647,635
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	30	15	15	29,615	13,585	16,030
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,495	750	750	1,267,670	636,060	631,605
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,525	765	760	1,297,280	649,640	647,635
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	15	10	10	23,305	10,870	12,430
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	20	10	10	22,255	10,400	11,860
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	20	15	10	15,970	7,440	8,535
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	6,005	2,830	3,175
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	280	130	150
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	1,045	475	570
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	960	430	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	25	20
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	30	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	110	40	75	66,565	32,100	34,460
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	115	40	75	63,030	30,555	32,475
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	30	30	34,275	16,480	17,800
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	15	45	27,760	13,530	14,230
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	990	550	440
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	3,535	1,545	1,990
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	3,275	1,425	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	140	70	70
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	110	40	65
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,395	710	680	1,207,410	606,670	600,745
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,525	765	760	1,297,280	649,640	647,635
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	20	10	0	363,990	180,610	183,380
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	10	0	0	91,420	47,190	44,225
Chinese	0	0	0	60,200	29,265	30,935
Black	10	10	0	57,820	29,685	28,135
Filipino	0	0	0	61,040	27,535	33,505
Latin American	0	0	0	18,755	9,525	9,230
Arab	0	0	0	25,505	13,610	11,895
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	17,270	8,265	9,005
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	6,750	3,480	3,270
Korean	0	0	0	7,585	3,635	3,955
Japanese	0	0	0	2,470	975	1,495
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	10	0	10	4,045	1,910	2,135
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	11,125	5,525	5,600
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,505	755	755	933,290	469,030	464,260
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,530	765	765	1,297,275	649,645	647,635
North American Aboriginal origins	135	50	80	89,865	42,970	46,895
First Nations (North American Indian)	75	40	35	54,695	25,870	28,825
Inuit	0	0	0	1,615	845	770
Métis	55	10	45	38,155	18,280	19,880
Other North American origins	620	280	340	281,765	143,450	138,315
Acadian	15	10	0	1,910	1,090	820
American	20	10	0	20,005	9,660	10,345
Canadian	600	265	330	266,440	135,735	130,705
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	20	20	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	565	310	250
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	80	50	30
Ontarian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	495	285	215
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	85	40	45
European origins	1,220	630	585	814,405	406,030	408,380
British Isles origins	820	425	395	470,485	234,925	235,555
Channel Islander	0	0	0	65	20	45
Cornish	0	0	0	75	50	25
English	440	250	190	258,295	127,740	130,555
Irish	285	135	155	186,105	90,320	95,785
Manx	0	0	0	280	130	145
Scottish	410	195	215	208,460	103,215	105,240
Welsh	20	15	0	24,790	12,010	12,775
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	90	50	40	28,175	13,745	14,435
French origins	225	145	80	143,085	69,595	73,490
Alsatian	0	0	0	80	45	35
Breton	0	0	0	35	20	15
Corsican	0	0	0	90	50	35
French	225	145	85	142,950	69,515	73,435
Western European origins (except French origins)	385	215	170	274,300	135,385	138,915
Austrian	10	0	10	13,765	6,545	7,220
Bavarian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Belgian	15	15	0	7,040	3,405	3,630
Dutch	65	30	35	57,535	28,305	29,235
Flemish	0	0	0	730	310	420
Frisian	0	0	0	145	90	55
German	315	185	130	213,115	105,050	108,065
Luxembourger	0	0	0	210	110	95
Swiss	15	0	10	6,240	3,200	3,035
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	175	70	105
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	150	70	85	93,665	45,000	48,665
Danish	20	10	15	15,725	7,525	8,205
Finnish	0	0	0	5,355	2,665	2,695
Icelandic	20	10	15	5,355	2,755	2,595
Norwegian	105	50	55	43,520	20,850	22,670
Swedish	15	10	10	29,400	13,435	15,965
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	20	10	10	4,205	2,090	2,120
Eastern European origins	355	165	190	253,740	123,005	130,740
Bulgarian	0	0	0	905	460	440
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,060	580	485
Czech	10	10	10	6,110	3,020	3,085
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10	0	10	2,990	1,450	1,545
Estonian	0	0	0	675	310	360
Hungarian	0	0	0	14,510	7,070	7,440
Latvian	0	0	0	1,230	565	660
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,035	1,010	1,025
Moldovan	0	0	0	380	170	205
Polish	85	40	40	72,795	35,335	37,460
Romanian	10	0	10	11,610	5,655	5,955
Russian	20	10	0	28,275	13,425	14,850
Slovak	0	0	0	3,225	1,515	1,710
Ukrainian	295	135	165	159,940	77,335	82,610
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	615	320	295
Southern European origins	35	20	20	77,085	38,665	38,420
Albanian	0	0	0	805	445	360
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,540	770	765
Catalan	0	0	0	35	30	10
Croatian	10	10	0	5,265	2,900	2,365
Cypriot	0	0	0	65	40	25
Greek	10	0	10	5,015	2,585	2,435
Italian	15	15	10	33,800	17,180	16,620
Kosovar	0	0	0	175	85	85
Macedonian	0	0	0	405	205	200
Maltese	0	0	0	485	260	225
Montenegrin	0	0	0	105	70	40
Portuguese	0	0	0	10,710	5,460	5,255
Serbian	10	0	10	3,415	1,665	1,745
Sicilian	0	0	0	90	45	50
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,380	725	655
Spanish	0	0	0	16,615	7,625	8,985
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	1,685	830	860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	60	35	25
Other European origins	10	0	0	7,305	3,870	3,440
Basque	0	0	0	125	55	70
Jewish	10	10	0	3,695	2,010	1,685
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	290	140	150
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	3,125	1,630	1,500
Caribbean origins	10	0	0	15,250	7,600	7,645
Antiguan	0	0	0	130	65	60
Bahamian	0	0	0	100	70	35
Barbadian	0	0	0	860	425	440
Bermudan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Carib	0	0	0	50	25	25
Cuban	0	0	0	970	520	450
Dominican	0	0	0	360	185	180
Grenadian	0	0	0	345	185	160
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	880	505	380
Jamaican	0	0	10	7,465	3,670	3,790
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	25	10	20
Martinican	0	0	0	0	10	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	15	0	20
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	100	45	55
St. Lucian	0	0	0	230	120	115
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	2,470	1,275	1,200
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	140	50	90
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	1,105	525	585
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	920	450	475
Latin, Central and South American origins	25	10	10	24,505	12,245	12,260
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	765	335	430
Arawak	0	0	0	10	15	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	385	220	170
Belizean	0	0	0	55	35	20
Bolivian	0	0	0	85	40	45
Brazilian	0	0	0	965	460	505
Chilean	0	0	0	3,930	1,965	1,965
Colombian	0	0	0	3,565	1,755	1,805
Costa Rican	0	0	0	150	75	75
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	295	145	150
Guatemalan	0	0	0	700	370	325
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,605	770	835
Hispanic	0	0	0	755	390	365
Honduran	0	0	0	180	110	70
Maya	0	0	0	235	110	120
Mexican	25	10	15	5,105	2,650	2,455
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	510	265	245
Panamanian	0	0	0	105	50	50
Paraguayan	0	0	0	25	20	10
Peruvian	0	0	0	865	420	445
Salvadorean	0	0	0	3,980	2,000	1,975
Uruguayan	0	0	0	135	85	50
Venezuelan	0	0	0	715	330	385
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	1,080	550	530
African origins	10	0	0	59,335	30,555	28,780
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	12,935	6,815	6,115
Akan	0	0	0	25	20	0
Angolan	0	0	0	125	75	45
Ashanti	0	0	0	35	20	15
Beninese	0	0	0	40	25	15
Burkinabe	0	0	0	75	40	30
Cameroonian	0	0	0	780	390	395
Chadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Congolese	0	0	0	2,270	1,195	1,080
Edo	0	0	0	210	125	80
Ewe	0	0	0	55	30	25
Gabonese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	35	25	10
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,110	1,100	1,010
Guinean	0	0	0	285	155	135
Ibo	0	0	0	385	215	170
Ivorian	0	0	0	405	215	190
Liberian	0	0	0	650	310	340
Malian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Malinké	0	0	0	70	40	35
Nigerian	0	0	0	3,570	1,850	1,715
Peulh	0	0	0	60	40	20
Senegalese	0	0	0	250	155	90
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	470	250	225
Togolese	0	0	0	50	20	30
Wolof	0	0	0	20	15	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	830	425	405
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	875	500	380
North African origins	0	10	0	9,235	4,840	4,395
Algerian	10	0	0	500	225	270
Berber	0	0	0	235	150	85
Coptic	0	0	0	95	45	50
Dinka	0	0	0	200	105	95
Egyptian	0	0	0	3,355	1,775	1,585
Libyan	0	0	0	595	305	290
Maure	0	0	0	35	20	15
Moroccan	0	0	0	1,195	645	550
Sudanese	0	0	0	2,745	1,450	1,295
Tunisian	0	0	0	375	180	195
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	240	115	120
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	27,410	14,115	13,290
Afrikaner	0	0	0	80	50	35
Amhara	0	0	0	185	95	90
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	410	235	185
Burundian	0	0	0	695	380	315
Djiboutian	0	0	0	155	85	70
Eritrean	0	0	0	3,475	1,790	1,690
Ethiopian	0	0	0	5,330	2,675	2,660
Harari	0	0	0	115	60	55
Kenyan	0	0	0	970	505	465
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	35	15
Mauritian	0	0	0	205	105	95
Oromo	0	0	0	560	350	205
Rwandan	0	0	0	1,125	600	530
Seychellois	0	0	0	10	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	9,800	4,995	4,810
South African	0	0	0	1,770	890	880
Tanzanian	0	0	0	470	300	170
Tigrian	0	0	0	255	130	125
Ugandan	0	0	0	650	355	295
Zambian	0	0	0	100	50	45
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	1,380	690	690
Zulu	0	0	0	170	80	95
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	1,510	770	740
Other African origins	0	0	0	10,980	5,470	5,515
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	1,220	615	610
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	9,945	4,950	4,995
Asian origins	10	0	10	288,745	142,015	146,725
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	0	0	0	40,215	21,110	19,105
Afghan	0	0	0	2,490	1,310	1,175
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	4,420	2,405	2,015
Armenian	0	0	0	620	310	310
Assyrian	0	0	0	160	70	90
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	295	150	150
Georgian	0	0	0	120	60	60
Hazara	0	0	0	100	55	45
Iranian	0	0	0	4,630	2,375	2,255
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,065	1,085	980
Israeli	0	0	0	705	360	345
Jordanian	0	0	0	635	320	320
Kazakh	0	0	0	110	50	60
Kurd	0	0	0	1,060	600	470
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	120	60	60
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	25	20	15
Lebanese	0	0	0	15,110	7,835	7,280
Palestinian	0	0	0	2,900	1,610	1,295
Pashtun	0	0	0	235	105	130
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	195	100	95
Syrian	0	0	0	3,015	1,540	1,470
Tajik	0	0	0	70	45	25
Tatar	0	0	0	135	55	80
Turk	0	0	0	2,750	1,520	1,225
Turkmen	0	0	0	45	15	35
Uighur	0	0	0	95	50	50
Uzbek	0	0	0	175	85	90
Yemeni	0	0	0	255	135	120
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	885	495	390
South Asian origins	10	0	0	91,595	47,185	44,410
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	1,450	715	730
Bengali	0	0	0	615	340	270
Bhutanese	0	0	0	75	45	30
East Indian	0	0	0	72,245	37,095	35,155
Goan	0	0	0	80	45	40
Gujarati	0	0	0	485	255	230
Kashmiri	0	0	0	105	55	50
Nepali	0	0	0	1,840	995	845
Pakistani	0	0	0	8,380	4,325	4,050
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,270	3,320	2,950
Sinhalese	0	0	0	270	155	120
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,325	1,180	1,145
Tamil	0	0	0	480	250	230
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	1,945	1,010	935
East and Southeast Asian origins	10	10	0	158,420	74,450	83,975
Burmese	0	0	0	450	235	215
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	1,570	805	765
Chinese	0	0	0	71,950	34,655	37,290
Filipino	0	0	0	64,275	29,125	35,145
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	950	455	500
Japanese	0	0	0	3,635	1,560	2,075
Karen	0	0	0	395	220	175
Korean	0	0	0	7,985	3,820	4,165
Laotian	0	0	0	760	390	370
Malaysian	0	0	0	1,465	670	795
Mongolian	0	0	0	350	155	190
Singaporean	0	0	0	150	70	85
Taiwanese	0	0	0	660	285	370
Thai	0	0	0	1,040	375	665
Tibetan	0	0	0	45	20	20
Vietnamese	0	0	0	14,180	6,825	7,355
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	365	190	180
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	940	505	435
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	940	505	435
Oceania origins	0	0	0	4,945	2,550	2,395
Australian	0	0	0	1,930	1,015	915
New Zealander	0	0	0	700	385	320
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	2,435	1,215	1,210
Fijian	0	0	0	1,910	935	980
Hawaiian	0	0	0	150	75	75
Maori	0	0	0	195	105	95
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	55	25	30
Samoan	0	0	0	65	40	20
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	70	50	20
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	560	...	...	502,140	...	...
Owner	480	...	...	349,570	...	...
Renter	85	...	...	151,715	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	560	...	...	502,140	...	...
Condominium	60	...	...	99,590	...	...
Not condominium	500	...	...	402,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	560	...	...	502,145	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	2,620	...	...
1 bedroom	15	...	...	56,215	...	...
2 bedrooms	65	...	...	107,655	...	...
3 bedrooms	195	...	...	177,400	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	290	...	...	158,250	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	560	...	...	502,140	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	55	...	...	136,440	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	76,945	...	...
6 rooms	90	...	...	71,095	...	...
7 rooms	120	...	...	63,325	...	...
8 or more rooms	255	...	...	154,335	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	560	...	...	502,140	...	...
One person or fewer per room	560	...	...	490,225	...	...
More than 1 person per room	0	...	...	11,920	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	560	...	...	502,145	...	...
Suitable	550	...	...	475,230	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	26,920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	560	...	...	502,140	...	...
1960 or before	45	...	...	61,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	320	...	...	154,035	...	...
1981 to 1990	60	...	...	61,040	...	...
1991 to 2000	70	...	...	59,565	...	...
2001 to 2005	20	...	...	48,010	...	...
2006 to 2010	25	...	...	56,935	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	15	...	...	61,070	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	560	...	...	502,145	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	520	...	...	474,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	35	...	...	27,145	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	560	...	...	502,145	...	...
1 household maintainer	335	...	...	283,590	...	...
2 household maintainers	225	...	...	200,230	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	0	...	...	18,325	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	560	...	...	502,140	...	...
15 to 24 years	35	...	...	19,675	...	...
25 to 34 years	120	...	...	97,235	...	...
35 to 44 years	100	...	...	100,380	...	...
45 to 54 years	140	...	...	99,730	...	...
55 to 64 years	90	...	...	92,595	...	...
65 to 74 years	50	...	...	54,365	...	...
75 to 84 years	25	...	...	28,390	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	9,770	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	560	...	...	496,585	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	460	...	...	387,815	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	105	...	...	108,775	...	...
30% to less than 100%	85	...	...	94,785	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	480	...	...	347,170	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	77.9	...	...	65.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	9.5	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,663	...	...	1,536	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,547	...	...	1,557	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	289,966	...	...	399,932	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	309,431	...	...	437,490	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	80	...	...	151,505	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	0.0	...	...	10.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	64.7	...	...	37.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,174	...	...	1,255	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,192	...	...	1,292	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,175	590	585	1,054,635	525,710	528,930
No certificate, diploma or degree	180	85	100	162,415	82,715	79,705
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	380	200	180	296,125	144,470	151,650
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	615	310	305	596,095	298,520	297,575
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	210	185	25	103,870	83,440	20,430
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	40	35	10	29,165	17,740	11,425
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	170	155	15	74,705	65,700	9,005
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	275	85	185	202,550	84,840	117,715
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	15	20	34,070	13,495	20,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	100	20	80	255,600	116,750	138,855
Bachelor's degree	90	10	80	177,180	76,745	100,435
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	13,930	6,305	7,620
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	8,040	4,340	3,700
Master's degree	10	10	0	45,920	22,680	23,235
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	10,530	6,675	3,860
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	865	420	445	740,785	370,915	369,865
No certificate, diploma or degree	100	45	55	72,085	38,880	33,205
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	265	140	120	183,730	90,805	92,925
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	500	235	265	484,970	241,230	243,740
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	150	140	15	80,535	65,610	14,925
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	30	25	10	21,390	13,445	7,945
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	125	120	0	59,145	52,170	6,980
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	220	65	155	164,175	69,180	94,995
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	15	15	26,440	10,600	15,840
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	85	10	80	213,820	95,840	117,975
Bachelor's degree	80	0	70	147,835	63,430	84,415
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10,820	4,765	6,055
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	6,830	3,455	3,380
Master's degree	0	10	0	40,020	19,145	20,870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	8,310	5,045	3,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,175	590	585	1,054,635	525,705	528,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	560	285	280	458,540	227,185	231,355
Education	35	10	30	42,040	10,665	31,375
13. Education	40	10	25	42,040	10,665	31,375
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	17,060	7,440	9,620
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	3,285	2,265	1,020
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	13,775	5,170	8,605
Humanities	20	10	15	24,105	10,000	14,105
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	2,735	780	1,950
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	5,155	1,615	3,540
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	7,475	2,785	4,685
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	70	30	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,700	1,010	695
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	10	3,435	1,985	1,450
54. History	0	0	0	2,960	1,660	1,300
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	570	125	445
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	25	54,230	18,015	36,220
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	915	205	710
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	5,335	2,245	3,090
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	9,450	780	8,670
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	10,115	3,330	6,780
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	735	245	490
42. Psychology	0	0	10	10,485	2,965	7,520
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	17,200	8,235	8,965
Business, management and public administration	110	15	95	118,570	44,930	73,635
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	10	205	50	155
44. Public administration and social service professions	20	10	15	7,015	1,480	5,540
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85	10	75	111,345	43,400	67,945
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	0	10	25,940	13,130	12,810
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10,150	4,455	5,695
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	6,230	2,785	3,445
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	150	30	125
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	7,395	4,940	2,455
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	2,020	925	1,095
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	10	21,510	13,205	8,310
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	10	16,990	11,335	5,655
25. Library science	0	0	10	1,800	240	1,560
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	2,580	1,535	1,040
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	140	90	50
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	215	200	15	156,555	141,770	14,780
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	4,030	2,625	1,405
14. Engineering	0	0	0	34,315	28,075	6,240
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	30	30	0	29,350	25,640	3,715
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	10	0
46. Construction trades	85	75	10	37,095	35,600	1,495
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	70	70	0	30,880	29,865	1,020
48. Precision production	30	30	0	20,865	19,955	905
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	20	10	10	10,570	6,240	4,330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	20	10	0	6,610	3,775	2,835
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,965	2,470	1,495
Health and related fields	70	15	60	95,025	18,455	76,570
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	0	5,925	2,765	3,165
51. Health professions and related programs	65	15	50	86,480	14,205	72,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	2,615	1,480	1,130
Personal, protective and transportation services	60	30	35	30,435	14,650	15,785
12. Personal and culinary services	15	0	15	18,035	4,965	13,075
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	55	45	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	330	290	35
43. Security and protective services	45	20	20	6,475	4,215	2,260
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	0	0	5,540	5,130	410
Other	0	0	0	55	25	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	50	25	30
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	865	425	445	740,780	370,915	369,870
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	365	185	185	255,815	129,685	126,135
Education	30	0	25	31,215	7,400	23,815
13. Education	30	0	20	31,215	7,405	23,815
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	10	13,730	5,940	7,790
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	2,495	1,715	780
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	11,235	4,225	7,010
Humanities	20	0	15	19,490	7,945	11,545
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	2,290	635	1,650
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	4,170	1,285	2,890
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	6,245	2,295	3,950
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	60	35	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,390	825	565
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	10	2,600	1,520	1,080
54. History	0	0	0	2,315	1,270	1,045
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	420	80	345
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	25	45,730	14,795	30,930
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	780	180	600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	4,630	1,890	2,740
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,800	640	7,155
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	15	8,790	2,600	6,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	595	210	385
42. Psychology	0	0	0	8,495	2,340	6,155
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	14,640	6,935	7,710
Business, management and public administration	110	15	95	98,730	37,190	61,545
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	170	45	130
44. Public administration and social service professions	20	10	15	5,830	1,140	4,695
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85	10	75	92,725	36,005	56,715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	15	20,295	9,960	10,340
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	8,055	3,435	4,615
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	4,680	2,095	2,585
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	145	30	115
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	5,870	3,750	2,125
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,550	650	900
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	10	18,885	11,655	7,230
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	10	15,355	10,245	5,110
25. Library science	0	0	10	1,425	210	1,215
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	1,995	1,135	860
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	110	65	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	165	150	15	127,385	114,505	12,880
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	3,260	2,030	1,225
14. Engineering	0	0	0	29,255	23,700	5,555
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	25	25	0	24,015	20,880	3,130
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	65	55	10	29,955	28,640	1,315
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	50	45	0	24,245	23,375	865
48. Precision production	25	25	0	16,645	15,870	780
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	15	10	0	8,400	4,735	3,665
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	15	10	10	5,045	2,665	2,380
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,355	2,070	1,285
Health and related fields	35	0	30	76,660	15,130	61,525
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	4,850	2,295	2,560
51. Health professions and related programs	35	0	25	69,575	11,640	57,930
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	2,225	1,200	1,030
Personal, protective and transportation services	45	25	25	24,390	11,950	12,440
12. Personal and culinary services	10	0	0	14,135	3,965	10,170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	50	45	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	220	190	30
43. Security and protective services	35	25	15	5,420	3,485	1,935
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	0	0	4,570	4,270	305
Other	0	0	0	50	25	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	45	25	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,175	590	585	1,054,635	525,705	528,930
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	560	285	280	458,540	227,185	231,355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	615	310	310	596,095	298,520	297,575
Location of study inside Canada	605	300	300	477,930	240,810	237,115
Same as province or territory of residence	440	225	210	380,965	191,425	189,545
Different than province or territory of residence	160	75	90	96,965	49,390	47,570
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	10	0	10	118,165	57,705	60,455
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	11,960	6,745	5,215
Philippines	10	0	10	25,475	9,885	15,595
India	0	0	0	18,420	9,370	9,050
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	0	0	8,030	4,605	3,425
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	6,160	2,845	3,315
France	0	10	0	635	390	245
Other	0	0	0	47,485	23,870	23,615
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	870	420	445	740,785	370,915	369,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	370	185	180	255,815	129,685	126,130
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	495	235	265	484,970	241,235	243,740
Location of study inside Canada	485	225	260	384,550	193,175	191,375
Same as province or territory of residence	345	160	185	306,030	153,440	152,590
Different than province or territory of residence	145	65	75	78,520	39,735	38,785
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	15	0	10	100,415	48,055	52,365
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	9,090	4,940	4,150
Philippines	10	0	0	23,515	9,035	14,480
India	0	0	0	16,310	8,160	8,155
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	10	5,440	3,145	2,290
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	5,375	2,460	2,915
France	0	0	0	545	340	210
Other	0	0	0	40,140	19,980	20,155
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,175	590	585	1,054,635	525,705	528,925
In the labour force	890	485	405	758,275	404,870	353,405
Employed	775	420	360	694,180	366,460	327,720
Unemployed	110	70	45	64,095	38,410	25,685
Not in the labour force	285	105	180	296,360	120,840	175,520
Participation rate	75.7	82.2	69.2	71.9	77.0	66.8
Employment rate	66.0	71.2	61.5	65.8	69.7	62.0
Unemployment rate	12.4	14.4	11.1	8.5	9.5	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,175	590	585	1,054,635	525,705	528,925
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	270	95	170	268,045	107,575	160,475
Worked	910	495	410	786,590	418,135	368,450
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	475	280	190	393,220	227,110	166,105
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	435	215	220	393,370	191,025	202,350
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	43.6	39.8	42.6	43.2	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	895	485	410	758,275	404,870	353,405
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	20	10	10	12,920	6,000	6,925
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	875	480	400	745,355	398,870	346,480
Employee	840	460	380	670,650	351,165	319,480
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	35	15	20	74,705	47,705	27,000
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	890	485	405	758,275	404,870	353,405
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15	10	10	12,920	6,000	6,925
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	875	475	400	745,350	398,870	346,485
0 Management occupations	45	20	25	79,110	49,495	29,615
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	125	30	90	119,055	32,820	86,240
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30	15	15	54,915	42,995	11,915
3 Health occupations	40	10	35	54,335	10,670	43,665
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	170	90	85	81,095	28,600	52,500
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	0	15	17,250	7,055	10,200
6 Sales and service occupations	125	45	85	164,390	69,385	95,000
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	285	240	50	139,610	129,225	10,380
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	20	20	0	13,810	11,465	2,345
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20	10	0	21,780	17,150	4,630
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	890	485	405	758,275	404,870	353,405
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	20	10	0	12,925	6,000	6,925
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	875	475	400	745,355	398,875	346,480
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	0	0	6,140	3,825	2,315
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	25	10	23,275	19,375	3,900
22 Utilities	0	0	0	7,640	5,400	2,240
23 Construction	145	115	35	87,770	74,375	13,395
31-33 Manufacturing	40	25	20	46,065	34,945	11,120
41 Wholesale trade	20	10	10	30,595	21,815	8,780
44-45 Retail trade	70	35	35	83,675	38,190	45,485
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	55	30	25	35,665	26,840	8,825
51 Information and cultural industries	15	0	15	10,990	6,230	4,765
52 Finance and insurance	15	10	0	24,535	8,680	15,855
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	0	14,430	8,040	6,385
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	55	30	25	51,895	29,365	22,530
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	1,055	440	620
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	15	10	28,485	16,315	12,165
61 Educational services	65	10	55	51,880	17,080	34,800
62 Health care and social assistance	80	0	75	86,630	15,285	71,345
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	13,850	6,715	7,135
72 Accommodation and food services	30	10	15	51,725	21,470	30,260
81 Other services (except public administration)	50	40	15	35,540	16,895	18,640
91 Public administration	165	110	55	53,500	27,585	25,915
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	780	420	360	694,180	366,460	327,715
Worked at home	30	15	15	38,740	17,320	21,420
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	1,690	1,180	510
No fixed workplace address	165	120	45	99,085	75,810	23,275
Worked at usual place	585	285	300	554,660	272,150	282,510
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	585	290	300	554,660	272,150	282,510
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	40	20	20	392,970	178,960	214,020
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	515	255	265	145,375	81,620	63,755
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	15	10	13,920	10,020	3,900
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	10	2,390	1,550	840
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	745	405	340	653,745	347,955	305,785
Car, truck, van - as a driver	645	370	280	506,530	284,410	222,120
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25	10	20	33,305	12,850	20,450
Public transit	25	15	10	73,660	30,030	43,625
Walked	30	10	20	24,170	10,400	13,770
Bicycle	10	10	0	6,440	4,165	2,270
Other method	15	0	10	9,640	6,095	3,545
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	750	405	340	653,745	347,960	305,785
Less than 15 minutes	95	30	60	137,725	61,045	76,680
15 to 29 minutes	200	110	85	258,000	137,930	120,075
30 to 44 minutes	255	135	120	163,805	93,050	70,750
45 to 59 minutes	110	65	40	54,455	30,895	23,560
60 minutes and over	95	55	35	39,755	25,040	14,720
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	750	405	345	653,740	347,960	305,785
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	70	40	30	49,925	37,375	12,555
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	250	155	90	132,865	83,625	49,240
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	170	55	115	195,685	99,960	95,720
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	85	30	60	111,255	48,165	63,095
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	30	20	10	64,730	26,890	37,835
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	145	105	40	99,285	51,950	47,335
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	950	500	445	809,165	428,345	380,820
Single responses	950	500	445	801,505	424,630	376,870
Official languages	940	500	440	795,220	421,450	373,770
English	935	500	435	792,700	420,600	372,100
French	10	0	10	2,520	850	1,670
Non-official languages	10	0	10	6,280	3,180	3,105
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	20	10	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	6,270	3,165	3,100
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	510	305	200
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	60	30	35
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	55	20	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	445	280	170
Amharic	0	0	0	40	15	20
Arabic	0	0	0	325	225	100
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	425	190	235
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	410	185	230
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	325	180	145
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	305	170	135
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	2,145	1,130	1,015
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	310	155	155
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	310	155	150
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Polish	0	0	0	120	65	60
Russian	0	0	0	75	30	45
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	70	45	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	95	50	50
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	15	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	65	40	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,265	710	560
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,195	665	535
Bengali	0	0	0	15	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	60	10	50
Hindi	0	0	0	105	60	50
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	975	575	395
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	40	10	25
Iranian languages	0	0	0	70	45	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	15	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	55	35	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	460	210	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	40	25	20
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	405	185	215
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	35	10	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	265	125	140
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	125	70	55
American Sign Language	10	0	10	80	30	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	35	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	2,310	1,095	1,215
Chinese languages	0	0	0	2,305	1,090	1,210
Cantonese	0	0	0	1,475	730	750
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mandarin	0	0	0	705	310	400
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	20	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	25	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	35	20	20
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	7,660	3,720	3,945
English and French	0	0	0	1,875	900	975
English and non-official language	0	0	0	5,640	2,750	2,890
French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	130	60	70
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	950	500	445	809,165	428,345	380,820
None	915	485	430	776,665	412,150	364,515
English	10	0	10	4,415	1,905	2,510
French	25	15	10	8,815	4,285	4,525
Non-official language	0	0	0	18,790	9,760	9,030
Aboriginal	0	0	0	370	140	235
Non-Aboriginal	0	0	0	18,415	9,620	8,800
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	70	30	45
French and non-official language	0	0	0	405	210	195
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,490	750	740	1,279,970	641,020	638,955
Non-movers	1,375	695	680	1,070,515	536,090	534,420
Movers	110	50	60	209,460	104,925	104,535
Non-migrants	15	0	10	138,850	70,120	68,725
Migrants	95	50	50	70,615	34,810	35,800
Internal migrants	100	45	50	53,885	26,955	26,930
Intraprovincial migrants	90	45	40	38,350	19,160	19,190
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	10	15,535	7,795	7,740
External migrants	0	0	0	16,730	7,855	8,875
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,370	685	685	1,212,350	606,300	606,055
Non-movers	835	415	420	652,645	325,015	327,625
Movers	535	270	260	559,705	281,280	278,425
Non-migrants	110	60	45	306,950	154,260	152,690
Migrants	430	210	220	252,755	127,020	125,730
Internal migrants	425	210	215	177,330	89,430	87,895
Intraprovincial migrants	305	140	165	103,945	51,335	52,610
Interprovincial migrants	120	70	45	73,385	38,100	35,285
External migrants	10	0	10	75,425	37,585	37,830

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Bon Accord [Population centre], Alberta and Edmonton [Census metropolitan area], Alberta (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bon Accord [Population centre], Alberta and Edmonton [Census metropolitan area], Alberta

Census Profile, 2016 Census Bon Accord [Population centre], Alberta and Edmonton [Census metropolitan area], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bon Accord [Population centre], Alberta and Edmonton [Census metropolitan area], Alberta