Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cowichan Bay [Population centre], British Columbia and Honoré-Mercier [Federal electoral district], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Cowichan Bay British Columbia [Population centre]			Honoré-Mercier Quebec [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Cowichan Bay [Population centre], British Columbia Map : Cowichan Bay [Population centre], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Honoré-Mercier [Federal electoral district], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	2,394	...	...	103,592	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	2,108 ^r	...	...	102,587	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.6	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,056	...	...	42,888	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,008	...	...	41,529	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	714.2	...	...	2,732.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3.35	...	...	37.92	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	2,395	1,175	1,225	103,590	48,995	54,600
0 to 14 years	370	180	185	17,445	8,850	8,595
0 to 4 years	110	60	50	5,635	2,825	2,805
5 to 9 years	125	60	65	6,150	3,115	3,035
10 to 14 years	135	65	70	5,655	2,910	2,750
15 to 64 years	1,480	705	770	65,575	31,595	33,980
15 to 19 years	125	60	60	5,895	3,040	2,855
20 to 24 years	80	45	35	6,230	3,170	3,055
25 to 29 years	85	45	40	5,650	2,760	2,885
30 to 34 years	110	60	50	5,730	2,680	3,045
35 to 39 years	140	60	80	6,635	3,135	3,500
40 to 44 years	140	65	75	6,780	3,225	3,555
45 to 49 years	165	85	80	7,200	3,510	3,690
50 to 54 years	175	90	85	7,660	3,715	3,950
55 to 59 years	210	90	125	7,430	3,515	3,915
60 to 64 years	240	110	135	6,370	2,835	3,535
65 years and over	555	285	265	20,575	8,550	12,020
65 to 69 years	215	110	105	5,970	2,665	3,305
70 to 74 years	145	75	75	4,675	2,025	2,655
75 to 79 years	80	40	40	3,925	1,625	2,295
80 to 84 years	65	35	30	3,095	1,260	1,835
85 years and over	40	25	20	2,905	980	1,925
85 to 89 years	20	15	10	2,015	735	1,285
90 to 94 years	15	10	10	715	215	505
95 to 99 years	5	5	0	155	30	125
100 years and over	0	0	0	25	5	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	15.3	15.1	16.8	18.1	15.7
15 to 64 years	61.8	60.0	62.9	63.3	64.5	62.2
65 years and over	23.2	24.3	21.6	19.9	17.5	22.0
85 years and over	1.7	2.1	1.6	2.8	2.0	3.5
Average age of the population	45.5	45.4	45.6	42.3	40.7	43.8
Median age of the population	49.5	49.1	49.9	43.1	41.4	44.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,010	...	...	41,530	...	...
Single-detached house	785	...	...	7,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	4,420	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	125	...	...	29,675	...	...
Semi-detached house	10	...	...	5,235	...	...
Row house	35	...	...	2,790	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	2,020	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	70	...	...	19,595	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	30	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	100	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,010	...	...	41,530	...	...
1 person	275	...	...	12,630	...	...
2 persons	415	...	...	12,570	...	...
3 persons	135	...	...	6,605	...	...
4 persons	110	...	...	6,350	...	...
5 or more persons	65	...	...	3,365	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,345	...	...	101,470	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	2,030	995	1,035	86,150	40,145	46,005
Married or living common law	1,275	645	630	45,815	22,930	22,885
Married	1,090	550	545	36,710	18,370	18,340
Living common law	180	95	90	9,105	4,560	4,540
Not married and not living common law	755	350	405	40,330	17,215	23,120
Never married	405	225	180	26,210	13,370	12,840
Separated	75	30	45	1,660	595	1,065
Divorced	175	65	110	6,675	2,220	4,460
Widowed	100	25	70	5,790	1,030	4,760
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	720	...	...	28,390	...	...
2 persons	435	...	...	13,065	...	...
3 persons	130	...	...	6,580	...	...
4 persons	110	...	...	6,165	...	...
5 or more persons	50	...	...	2,580	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	720	...	...	28,390	...	...
Total couple families	625	...	...	22,320	...	...
Married couples	530	...	...	17,775	...	...
Common-law couples	90	...	...	4,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	95	...	...	6,070	...	...
Female parent	75	...	...	5,135	...	...
Male parent	25	...	...	935	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	620	...	...	22,320	...	...
Couples without children	375	...	...	9,455	...	...
Couples with children	250	...	...	12,870	...	...
1 child	100	...	...	4,815	...	...
2 children	100	...	...	5,650	...	...
3 or more children	45	...	...	2,405	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	100	...	...	6,070	...	...
1 child	65	...	...	3,610	...	...
2 children	25	...	...	1,765	...	...
3 or more children	10	...	...	695	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	400	190	210	17,210	7,065	10,155
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,005	...	...	41,530	...	...
One-census-family households	690	...	...	27,220	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	360	...	...	9,105	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	330	...	...	18,110	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	15	...	...	575	...	...
Non-census-family households	305	...	...	13,740	...	...
One-person households	275	...	...	12,630	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	30	...	...	1,105	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	2,400	1,175	1,220	102,280	48,225	54,060
English only	2,230	1,090	1,140	2,910	1,440	1,470
French only	0	0	0	42,555	18,155	24,400
English and French	165	80	85	54,680	27,880	26,795
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	2,140	745	1,395
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	2,395	1,175	1,220	102,280	48,220	54,060
English	2,350	1,155	1,195	20,450	10,185	10,270
French	40	15	25	72,235	33,320	38,920
English and French	5	5	0	7,520	4,010	3,505
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	2,075	710	1,360
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	40	15	25	24,210	12,190	12,020
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.7	1.3	2.0	23.7	25.3	22.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	2,395	1,175	1,225	102,280	48,225	54,055
Single responses	2,385	1,170	1,220	96,990	45,650	51,340
Official languages	2,245	1,095	1,150	57,385	26,850	30,540
English	2,205	1,080	1,120	7,840	4,015	3,825
French	40	15	25	49,550	22,835	26,715
Non-official languages	140	70	70	39,605	18,805	20,800
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	10	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5	0	5
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	5	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	135	70	70	39,595	18,795	20,800
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	5,570	2,835	2,740
Berber languages	0	0	0	1,535	795	740
Kabyle	0	0	0	1,005	525	475
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	530	265	265
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	0	4,040	2,040	1,995
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	4,025	2,035	1,990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,480	705	775
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	580	260	320
Vietnamese	0	0	0	900	440	455
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	60	15	45
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	45	10	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole languages	0	0	0	6,005	2,490	3,515
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	205	90	115
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,790	2,395	3,395
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	65	35	30
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	100	50	50	24,750	11,930	12,825
Albanian	0	0	0	70	35	30
Armenian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	990	435	550
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Slavic languages	10	5	5	975	430	540
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	75	40	40
Croatian	0	0	0	55	30	30
Czech	5	0	0	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	270	115	155
Russian	5	5	5	325	140	190
Serbian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Ukrainian	0	5	0	115	55	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	65	35	30	70	30	35
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	5	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	40	20	20	45	25	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Swedish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	0	0	0	235	115	125
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	395	205	195
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	210	110	105
Bengali	0	0	0	25	15	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	15	10	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	90	45	45
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Urdu	0	0	0	50	30	25
Iranian languages	5	0	0	185	95	95
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pashto	0	0	0	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	5	0	180	90	85
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	22,970	11,095	11,880
Catalan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Italian	5	5	5	15,730	7,625	8,105
Portuguese	5	0	0	1,355	665	685
Romanian	0	0	0	1,160	580	580
Spanish	10	5	0	4,720	2,220	2,500
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	0	15	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	465	220	240
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	20	5	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0	105	50	60
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	40	20	25
Wolof	0	0	0	55	20	30
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	75	65
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Sign languages	5	0	0	25	15	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	845	395	455
Chinese languages	15	10	5	840	390	450
Cantonese	5	0	0	435	205	235
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mandarin	10	5	10	220	95	130
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	130	70	60
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	40	20	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	125	50	80
Lao	0	0	0	120	50	70
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	115	70	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	115	70	45
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	50	25	30
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hungarian	0	0	5	50	25	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Multiple responses	10	10	5	5,285	2,570	2,715
English and French	0	0	0	905	480	435
English and non-official language	10	5	5	835	395	440
French and non-official language	0	0	0	2,970	1,405	1,565
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	580	295	280
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	2,400	1,175	1,225	102,280	48,225	54,060
Single responses	2,375	1,165	1,210	90,980	42,825	48,155
Official languages	2,335	1,145	1,190	74,270	35,085	39,190
English	2,330	1,145	1,185	18,175	9,080	9,090
French	5	0	5	56,100	26,005	30,095
Non-official languages	40	20	20	16,710	7,740	8,970
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	45	20	20	16,705	7,735	8,970
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,135	1,070	1,065
Berber languages	0	0	0	545	280	265
Kabyle	0	0	0	395	195	200
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	85	70
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,585	795	795
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,580	790	790
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,120	525	595
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	370	165	205
Vietnamese	0	0	0	750	360	390
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	2,200	890	1,305
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	85	40	50
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,115	850	1,260
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	50	25	25
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	10	10,255	4,760	5,495
Albanian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Armenian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	560	260	300
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	565	260	305
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	30	25
Croatian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	115	50	70
Russian	0	0	0	235	115	120
Serbian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	5	5	5	5
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	0	5	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	80	45	40
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	250	115	135
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	5	135	65	70
Bengali	0	0	0	15	10	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	5	0
Hindi	0	0	0	15	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	75	30	40
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Urdu	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	115	50	65
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	110	50	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0	9,310	4,320	4,990
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Italian	0	0	0	4,935	2,235	2,700
Portuguese	0	0	0	530	245	275
Romanian	0	0	0	855	435	420
Spanish	5	5	5	2,995	1,400	1,595
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	15	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	75	30	40
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	5	10
Wolof	0	0	0	20	10	15
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	45	30	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	25	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	625	295	330
Chinese languages	10	10	5	620	295	330
Cantonese	0	0	0	335	160	175
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	185	90	100
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	80	40	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	0	15	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	85	35	45
Lao	0	0	0	75	30	45
Thai	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	85	55	35
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	85	55	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	10	10	11,300	5,400	5,900
English and French	5	0	0	1,550	775	775
English and non-official language	15	5	10	1,405	650	755
French and non-official language	0	0	0	6,790	3,190	3,595
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	1,560	780	780
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	2,395	1,175	1,220	102,280	48,220	54,060
None	2,300	1,130	1,175	70,055	32,765	37,290
English	15	5	10	5,330	2,645	2,680
French	30	15	15	8,835	4,230	4,610
Non-official language	45	25	25	14,580	6,855	7,730
Aboriginal	0	0	0	5	0	5
Non-Aboriginal	45	25	25	14,580	6,855	7,725
English and French	0	0	5	925	480	450
English and non-official language	0	0	0	910	455	455
French and non-official language	0	0	0	1,605	775	835
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	25	15
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,975	965	1,010	84,050	39,195	44,850
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,900	925	975	80,490	37,435	43,055
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,944	45,696	26,923	30,741	33,927	28,050
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,900	930	975	80,500	37,440	43,065
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,232	39,893	25,008	28,009	30,363	26,047
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,740	855	885	70,620	33,760	36,860
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,784	41,856	21,344	27,125	31,104	23,875
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,385	605	780	65,005	28,415	36,590
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,203	9,488	7,504	7,667	5,005	8,995
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,365	685	680	55,630	27,765	27,865
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,928	41,984	19,968	30,390	32,724	28,288
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,915	905	1,015	84,095	39,260	44,835
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,860	880	980	80,545	37,485	43,055
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,730	50,326	35,927	38,267	42,440	34,635
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,865	880	985	80,550	37,490	43,065
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,371	42,126	31,218	32,014	34,705	29,672
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,700	820	880	70,565	33,920	36,645
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,418	46,942	32,412	35,443	40,337	30,912
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,380	555	825	65,045	28,495	36,550
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,100	10,423	8,207	8,935	7,817	9,806
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,320	645	675	55,620	27,925	27,695
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,645	45,313	28,360	37,233	40,690	33,746
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,920	905	1,015	84,095	39,265	44,830
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	430	240	190	24,335	13,150	11,185
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	58,743	66,991	52,828	44,929	47,133	42,438
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,265	66,738	54,304	52,404	55,866	48,334
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.0	89.5	81.3	81.2	86.0	76.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	62.8	66.1	57.6	67.3	71.3	63.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.0	11.0	18.5	18.8	14.0	23.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,975	965	1,015	84,045	39,195	44,855
Without total income	75	35	40	3,555	1,760	1,800
With total income	1,900	925	970	80,490	37,435	43,050
Percentage with total income	96.2	95.9	95.6	95.8	95.5	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	260	105	155	10,250	4,770	5,480
$10,000 to $19,999	325	115	215	15,685	6,075	9,605
$20,000 to $29,999	255	95	160	13,465	5,830	7,635
$30,000 to $39,999	200	90	105	11,140	5,190	5,950
$40,000 to $49,999	205	100	105	9,580	4,475	5,105
$50,000 to $59,999	155	85	70	6,560	3,170	3,390
$60,000 to $69,999	130	80	45	4,300	2,255	2,050
$70,000 to $79,999	100	60	40	3,095	1,640	1,455
$80,000 to $89,999	65	40	20	1,940	1,085	860
$90,000 to $99,999	50	35	15	1,270	770	500
$100,000 and over	155	120	35	3,200	2,175	1,030
$100,000 to $149,999	125	95	30	2,335	1,560	780
$150,000 and over	35	30	5	875	620	255
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,975	965	1,010	84,045	39,195	44,850
Without after-tax income	75	35	40	3,545	1,755	1,790
With after-tax income	1,905	925	975	80,500	37,440	43,065
Percentage with after-tax income	96.5	95.9	96.5	95.8	95.5	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	270	110	160	10,610	4,860	5,755
$10,000 to $19,999	350	125	225	16,325	6,405	9,915
$20,000 to $29,999	290	115	175	16,240	7,215	9,025
$30,000 to $39,999	255	125	130	14,260	6,770	7,490
$40,000 to $49,999	215	110	105	9,780	4,715	5,070
$50,000 to $59,999	165	100	65	5,765	2,930	2,830
$60,000 to $69,999	120	70	50	3,195	1,760	1,440
$70,000 to $79,999	85	65	20	1,720	1,020	695
$80,000 and over	150	115	40	2,605	1,760	850
$80,000 to $89,999	60	40	15	980	630	350
$90,000 to $99,999	40	20	15	510	360	150
$100,000 and over	55	50	5	1,115	770	345
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,975	965	1,010	84,045	39,195	44,855
Without employment income	610	275	330	28,420	11,435	16,985
With employment income	1,365	685	680	55,630	27,760	27,865
Percentage with employment income	69.1	71.0	67.3	66.2	70.8	62.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	295	135	160	7,240	3,595	3,645
$5,000 to $9,999	85	25	65	4,585	2,055	2,535
$10,000 to $19,999	190	70	120	8,235	3,855	4,385
$20,000 to $29,999	130	55	70	7,465	3,450	4,010
$30,000 to $39,999	115	50	60	7,305	3,435	3,865
$40,000 to $49,999	115	45	65	6,110	2,930	3,180
$50,000 to $59,999	105	65	40	4,420	2,300	2,120
$60,000 to $69,999	70	35	30	3,040	1,665	1,375
$70,000 to $79,999	70	45	25	2,455	1,355	1,100
$80,000 and over	200	155	45	4,775	3,125	1,650
$80,000 to $89,999	55	35	25	1,445	860	580
$90,000 to $99,999	40	30	10	940	605	330
$100,000 and over	105	90	15	2,385	1,655	735
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,010	...	...	41,530	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,912	...	...	59,309	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,720	...	...	52,615	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	275	...	...	12,630	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,232	...	...	32,148	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,432	...	...	29,084	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	735	...	...	28,900	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,784	...	...	75,707	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	75,520	...	...	66,338	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,005	...	...	41,525	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,295	...	...	74,227	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,495	...	...	62,103	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	290	...	...	12,575	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,621	...	...	38,385	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,233	...	...	32,125	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	720	...	...	28,950	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,640	...	...	89,790	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,467	...	...	75,120	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,010	...	...	41,530	...	...
Under $5,000	25	...	...	345	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	480	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	895	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	35	...	...	1,890	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	40	...	...	2,310	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	40	...	...	1,935	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	40	...	...	2,285	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	45	...	...	2,325	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	40	...	...	2,285	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	40	...	...	2,235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	75	...	...	4,020	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	90	...	...	3,380	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	70	...	...	2,925	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	60	...	...	2,530	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	55	...	...	2,055	...	...
$100,000 and over	330	...	...	9,645	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	135	...	...	3,850	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	80	...	...	2,325	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	75	...	...	2,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	40	...	...	1,315	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,005	...	...	41,530	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	390	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	495	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	20	...	...	920	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	35	...	...	1,980	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	2,585	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	40	...	...	2,305	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	55	...	...	2,830	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	45	...	...	2,860	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	45	...	...	2,670	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	55	...	...	2,550	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	95	...	...	4,440	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	100	...	...	3,705	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	70	...	...	3,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	85	...	...	2,540	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	60	...	...	1,950	...	...
$100,000 and over	220	...	...	6,165	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	100	...	...	3,205	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	65	...	...	1,480	...	...
$150,000 and over	55	...	...	1,485	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	705	...	...	28,200	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,485	...	...	75,651	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,328	...	...	66,291	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	350	...	...	8,875	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,544	...	...	64,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,968	...	...	56,406	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	250	...	...	12,935	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,189	...	...	97,235	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,512	...	...	83,889	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	95	...	...	5,685	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,096	...	...	54,843	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,448	...	...	49,960	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	685	...	...	28,295	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,554	...	...	89,942	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,047	...	...	75,168	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	355	...	...	8,915	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,970	...	...	77,990	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,043	...	...	64,827	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	225	...	...	12,935	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	121,513	...	...	110,814	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,856	...	...	91,828	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	5,685	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,225	...	...	62,444	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,812	...	...	54,746	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	360	170	190	14,770	6,155	8,615
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,752	38,955	31,872	30,568	33,092	28,959
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,827	34,432	27,840	27,950	29,495	26,987
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	370	135	235	14,520	6,115	8,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,171	44,583	42,359	36,998	38,838	35,659
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,250	38,672	34,856	31,117	31,995	30,479
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	2,345	1,145	1,195	101,465	48,025	53,445
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,110	535	575	62,425	28,745	33,680
In the bottom decile	220	115	105	8,415	3,915	4,500
In the second decile	220	95	125	11,890	5,040	6,845
In the third decile	225	110	115	14,970	6,885	8,080
In the fourth decile	210	100	115	14,350	6,745	7,605
In the fifth decile	225	120	110	12,810	6,165	6,650
In the top half of the distribution	1,235	615	625	39,040	19,285	19,760
In the sixth decile	270	130	140	11,050	5,380	5,670
In the seventh decile	260	125	135	9,580	4,700	4,880
In the eighth decile	255	130	125	8,005	3,930	4,070
In the ninth decile	275	130	145	6,330	3,240	3,095
In the top decile	170	95	80	4,080	2,035	2,045
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	2,310	1,125	1,180	101,465	48,025	53,440
0 to 17 years	435	220	220	20,890	10,645	10,245
0 to 5 years	125	65	60	6,875	3,465	3,410
18 to 64 years	1,330	625	710	61,405	29,205	32,190
65 years and over	540	280	260	19,175	8,175	11,005
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	295	140	155	13,950	5,985	7,960
0 to 17 years	65	40	25	3,495	1,770	1,725
0 to 5 years	20	10	10	1,240	620	620
18 to 64 years	170	75	95	7,400	3,315	4,085
65 years and over	60	25	35	3,055	900	2,150
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.4	13.1	13.7	12.5	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	14.9	18.2	11.4	16.7	16.6	16.8
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	15.4	16.7	18.0	17.9	18.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.8	12.0	13.4	12.1	11.4	12.7
65 years and over (%)	11.1	8.9	13.5	15.9	11.0	19.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	155	80	70	10,465	4,660	5,805
0 to 17 years	35	25	10	2,590	1,340	1,250
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	935	485	455
18 to 64 years	110	50	55	6,050	2,805	3,240
65 years and over	10	5	5	1,835	510	1,320
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.7	7.1	5.9	10.3	9.7	10.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	11.4	4.5	12.4	12.6	12.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	7.7	8.3	13.6	14.0	13.3
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	8.0	7.7	9.9	9.6	10.1
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.8	1.9	9.6	6.2	12.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	2,240	1,080	1,160	101,530	48,045	53,485
Official languages	2,240	1,080	1,160	99,245	47,255	51,985
English	2,240	1,075	1,160	57,080	29,150	27,930
French	100	40	60	96,380	45,840	50,540
Non-official languages	185	85	95	56,455	26,840	29,615
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	15	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	185	85	95	56,435	26,825	29,610
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	8,070	4,145	3,920
Berber languages	0	0	0	1,970	1,010	955
Kabyle	0	0	0	1,170	640	530
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	810	375	435
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	7,210	3,695	3,515
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	7,190	3,680	3,515
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	20	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,850	885	960
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	740	345	390
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,125	555	575
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	105	25	80
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malay	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	90	25	70
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	11,870	5,040	6,830
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	310	130	180
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,560	4,915	6,640
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	40	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	25	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	145	70	75	32,955	16,005	16,950
Albanian	0	0	0	75	55	20
Armenian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	1,530	735	795
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	10	0	1,520	735	790
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	75	40	35
Croatian	0	0	0	115	70	45
Czech	0	0	0	0	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	325	160	165
Russian	0	0	0	845	390	455
Serbian	0	0	0	45	15	25
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	35	10	20
Slovak	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	65	25	40
Ukrainian	0	0	0	120	50	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	90	50	40	265	165	105
Afrikaans	0	0	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	10	15	0	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	75	45	30	245	160	85
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	10	380	200	180
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	395	210	190
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	205	100	110
Bengali	0	0	0	40	30	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	120	50	70
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	65	40	30
Sindhi	0	0	0	30	0	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	25	10	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	200	120	85
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	10	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	195	110	80
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	15	35	31,045	15,030	16,020
Catalan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Italian	15	0	15	21,080	10,330	10,745
Portuguese	10	10	10	1,930	930	1,000
Romanian	0	0	0	1,515	750	760
Spanish	30	10	25	7,965	3,695	4,270
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	20	10	15
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	35	20	15
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	875	425	450
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	55	35	20
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	35	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	240	90	145
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	80	30	50
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	45	20	20
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	100	35	65
Wolof	0	0	0	115	65	55
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	260	150	110
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	95	55	40
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	20	0	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	70	50	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	20	10	1,145	515	625
Chinese languages	30	20	10	1,140	520	625
Cantonese	10	0	0	700	315	390
Hakka	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mandarin	15	10	10	455	190	270
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	135	65	65
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	70	25	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	200	80	120
Lao	0	0	0	165	75	95
Thai	0	0	0	50	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	170	110	60
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	170	115	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	75	35	45
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	2,240	1,080	1,160	101,535	48,045	53,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	2,140	1,035	1,105	93,965	44,640	49,325
Canadian citizens aged under 18	375	220	160	19,460	9,840	9,625
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,765	820	945	74,500	34,810	39,695
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	100	40	55	7,570	3,405	4,160
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	2,240	1,080	1,160	101,530	48,045	53,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,920	925	990	66,310	31,700	34,615
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	315	145	170	34,610	16,065	18,540
Before 1981	235	115	120	11,995	5,590	6,405
1981 to 1990	25	0	20	4,360	2,075	2,285
1991 to 2000	10	0	10	4,885	2,165	2,720
2001 to 2010	30	15	20	8,350	3,960	4,390
2001 to 2005	0	0	0	3,565	1,710	1,855
2006 to 2010	30	10	15	4,785	2,250	2,535
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	20	0	10	5,015	2,275	2,740
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	10	0	610	280	330
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	315	145	170	34,610	16,065	18,540
Under 5 years	50	25	25	3,575	1,720	1,860
5 to 14 years	40	20	25	6,500	2,950	3,550
15 to 24 years	65	35	25	8,100	3,525	4,580
25 to 44 years	150	60	90	14,395	7,020	7,375
45 years and over	0	0	10	2,030	855	1,175
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	315	145	170	34,610	16,065	18,540
Americas	35	10	25	12,810	5,480	7,325
Brazil	0	10	0	90	35	60
Colombia	0	0	0	415	185	235
El Salvador	0	0	0	575	300	275
Guyana	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0	8,700	3,610	5,095
Jamaica	0	0	0	30	15	15
Mexico	0	0	0	170	65	110
Peru	0	0	0	660	275	385
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	30	20	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	20	0	15	435	220	220
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	1,680	755	920
Europe	230	120	110	11,415	5,490	5,925
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	95	65	30
France	10	0	10	700	385	310
Germany	25	15	0	60	35	25
Greece	0	0	0	100	50	50
Hungary	0	0	0	20	15	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	7,285	3,440	3,845
Netherlands	0	10	0	0	0	0
Poland	10	0	10	200	90	115
Portugal	0	0	0	910	440	470
Romania	0	0	0	685	320	360
Russian Federation	0	0	0	95	40	50
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	25	10	20
Ukraine	0	0	0	120	30	95
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	170	85	85	45	40	10
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	1,070	530	540
Africa	10	0	0	7,110	3,590	3,520
Algeria	0	0	0	3,920	1,975	1,950
Egypt	0	0	0	110	60	50
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	1,510	765	745
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	10	1,560	780	775
Asia	30	15	15	3,260	1,505	1,760
Afghanistan	0	0	0	55	20	35
Bangladesh	0	0	0	30	20	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	10	10	415	160	250
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	10	55	20	40
India	0	0	0	55	25	35
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	90	50	40
Iraq	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	460	245	210
Pakistan	0	0	0	35	20	15
Philippines	0	0	0	90	20	65
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	30	15	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	125	70	60
Taiwan	10	0	10	20	0	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0	765	365	395
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	995	445	555
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	10	20	0	15
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	20	10	10	5,015	2,275	2,740
Americas	0	0	0	2,085	925	1,160
Brazil	0	0	0	10	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0	95	35	60
Cuba	0	0	0	60	35	25
Haiti	0	0	0	1,520	680	840
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	45	15	30
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	80	35	45
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	35	15	15
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	235	105	130
Europe	10	10	0	595	285	315
France	0	0	0	50	25	25
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	335	145	185
Romania	0	0	0	70	25	45
Russian Federation	0	0	0	40	15	20
Ukraine	0	0	0	20	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	85	50	35
Africa	0	0	0	2,085	980	1,105
Algeria	0	0	0	1,080	530	545
Cameroon	0	0	0	170	80	90
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	70	20	50
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	75	25	50
Egypt	0	0	0	10	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	390	195	200
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	135	50	90
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	165	80	85
Asia	10	0	0	245	85	155
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	10	90	20	70
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	35	20	10
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	40	15	20
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	2,235	1,075	1,165	101,530	48,045	53,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	345	165	175	35,470	16,505	18,965
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	510	210	300	27,665	13,685	13,980
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,385	700	685	38,395	17,860	20,535
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	90	30	55	23,285	10,785	12,500
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	70	30	40	11,090	5,590	5,500
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	20	15	10	5,050	3,015	2,040
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	50	20	30	6,040	2,580	3,460
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	20	0	20	7,900	3,070	4,830
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	0	0	3,990	1,970	2,015
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	310	155	155
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	2,240	1,075	1,165	101,530	48,045	53,490
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	145	80	65	520	225	295
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	140	80	55	490	215	280
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	75	35	40	225	110	115
Métis	65	45	25	255	90	155
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,090	1,000	1,095	101,010	47,820	53,190
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	2,240	1,080	1,160	101,530	48,045	53,485
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	60	30	30	150	60	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,175	1,045	1,135	101,385	47,985	53,395
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	2,240	1,075	1,160	101,530	48,045	53,485
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	45	20	25	370	155	215
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	45	25	25	325	135	195
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	40	25	20	215	85	130
Métis single ancestry	0	0	10	95	35	60
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	15	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	40	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	40	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	130	65	65	1,245	530	715
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	110	50	60	1,245	535	715
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	25	50	1,120	475	645
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	25	10	105	55	50
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	20	0	15
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	20	15	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	2,065	995	1,075	99,915	47,360	52,555
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	2,240	1,080	1,160	101,530	48,045	53,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	80	35	45	33,125	15,335	17,790
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	10	0	10	325	165	160
Chinese	50	25	25	965	400	565
Black	0	0	0	18,025	8,015	10,010
Filipino	0	0	0	145	55	95
Latin American	10	0	0	4,485	2,110	2,375
Arab	0	0	0	6,125	3,140	2,980
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	2,165	1,020	1,145
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	200	105	95
Korean	0	0	0	25	15	10
Japanese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	100	40	60
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	15	10	0	550	265	280
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,155	1,040	1,115	68,405	32,710	35,700
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	2,235	1,080	1,160	101,535	48,045	53,490
North American Aboriginal origins	175	85	90	1,615	685	930
First Nations (North American Indian)	135	60	70	1,375	575	795
Inuit	0	0	0	40	20	20
Métis	60	40	25	240	110	135
Other North American origins	595	280	310	28,950	13,345	15,600
Acadian	0	0	0	150	60	95
American	60	20	45	265	135	130
Canadian	565	270	290	27,155	12,435	14,720
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Québécois	10	0	10	1,700	855	850
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	1,950	915	1,035	46,605	22,675	23,925
British Isles origins	1,580	765	820	3,965	1,825	2,140
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	1,070	505	560	1,160	575	585
Irish	465	230	235	2,490	1,070	1,420
Manx	20	10	15	0	0	0
Scottish	720	360	360	880	390	490
Welsh	125	60	70	70	30	35
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	100	45	55	60	40	25
French origins	265	120	145	12,615	5,965	6,655
Alsatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Breton	0	0	0	55	25	30
Corsican	0	0	0	10	10	0
French	270	125	145	12,575	5,945	6,630
Western European origins (except French origins)	495	220	275	1,560	715	845
Austrian	55	25	35	80	40	40
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	20	10	0	325	145	180
Dutch	90	30	60	135	50	90
Flemish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	320	150	170	935	435	505
Luxembourger	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swiss	30	25	10	140	85	60
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	205	65	135	80	30	50
Danish	40	25	15	15	10	10
Finnish	35	10	20	30	10	20
Icelandic	15	0	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	45	20	35	10	10	0
Swedish	100	25	70	30	10	25
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	245	110	140	3,340	1,610	1,730
Bulgarian	0	0	0	130	60	70
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	25	15	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	30	30	10
Estonian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	10	200	100	105
Latvian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lithuanian	10	0	0	40	20	20
Moldovan	0	0	0	450	245	210
Polish	65	25	45	835	410	420
Romanian	10	10	0	1,200	575	625
Russian	35	20	20	365	160	210
Slovak	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ukrainian	125	55	70	445	165	275
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	135	70	65	29,855	14,785	15,075
Albanian	0	0	0	115	75	35
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	200	130	70
Cypriot	0	0	0	10	0	10
Greek	0	0	0	630	330	300
Italian	110	55	55	25,310	12,525	12,785
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0	30	25	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	15	10	10
Portuguese	10	10	0	2,440	1,255	1,185
Serbian	0	0	0	90	35	50
Sicilian	0	0	0	50	20	30
Slovenian	0	0	0	105	40	65
Spanish	15	10	10	1,775	775	1,005
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	70	35	35
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	20	10	0
Other European origins	15	0	15	135	70	65
Basque	0	0	0	25	15	10
Jewish	15	10	0	70	35	40
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	10	0	10	30	20	15
Caribbean origins	0	0	0	15,335	6,610	8,730
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	35	10	25
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	305	145	160
Dominican	0	0	0	480	185	290
Grenadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	15	10	10
Haitian	0	0	0	14,410	6,190	8,220
Jamaican	0	0	0	185	75	110
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	35	20	15
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	10	10	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	40	20	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	10	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	90	45	50
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	80	35	40
Latin, Central and South American origins	15	10	0	4,725	2,215	2,505
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	145	60	85
Arawak	0	0	0	10	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	90	50	40
Belizean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Brazilian	0	0	0	95	40	55
Chilean	15	10	10	435	210	225
Colombian	0	0	0	615	290	325
Costa Rican	0	0	0	15	0	15
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Guatemalan	0	0	0	550	250	300
Guyanese	0	0	0	20	15	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	50	25	25
Honduran	0	0	0	175	105	70
Maya	0	0	0	45	25	25
Mexican	0	0	0	415	180	235
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	110	70	45
Panamanian	0	0	0	70	30	45
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	765	335	425
Salvadorean	0	0	0	955	490	460
Uruguayan	0	0	0	70	25	45
Venezuelan	0	0	0	205	100	110
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	0	0	180	90	90
African origins	15	0	10	11,570	5,885	5,685
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	1,490	800	690
Akan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	25	10	10
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	260	145	115
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	500	260	245
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	15	10	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Guinean	0	0	0	75	30	40
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	200	115	85
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	55	25	35
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Peulh	0	0	0	15	20	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	185	85	95
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	10	0
Togolese	0	0	0	45	20	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	110	60	55
North African origins	0	0	0	8,015	4,105	3,905
Algerian	0	0	0	3,635	1,870	1,765
Berber	0	0	0	2,190	1,120	1,070
Coptic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	235	145	90
Libyan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	2,030	1,015	1,015
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	335	175	155
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	80	40	35
Southern and East African origins	10	0	10	385	150	230
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	40	10	30
Burundian	0	0	0	105	50	55
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	25	10	20
Mauritian	0	0	0	75	35	40
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	75	40	30
Seychellois	0	0	0	10	0	10
Somali	0	0	0	20	10	15
South African	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	25	15	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other African origins	10	0	0	1,770	875	895
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10	0	10	85	35	50
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	1,695	845	855
Asian origins	80	35	45	7,320	3,600	3,725
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	10	0	0	3,285	1,760	1,525
Afghan	0	0	0	95	55	40
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	1,295	705	595
Armenian	0	0	0	145	85	60
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	10	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	135	70	70
Iraqi	0	0	0	15	0	15
Israeli	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	25	20	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	10
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	1,110	585	525
Palestinian	0	0	0	65	35	35
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Syrian	0	0	0	310	170	140
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	240	135	110
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	0	10	10	0	10
South Asian origins	10	0	10	370	185	185
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	10	0	10	260	120	140
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	100	50	45
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	30	10	15
Tamil	0	0	0	15	10	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	60	30	30	3,635	1,645	1,985
Burmese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	795	380	410
Chinese	60	30	30	1,655	735	930
Filipino	0	0	0	170	70	95
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	0	25	15	10
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	25	15	10
Laotian	0	0	0	190	85	100
Malaysian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	50	25	25
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,270	615	650
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	20	10	15
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	45	25	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	45	25	20
Oceania origins	0	0	10	0	0	0
Australian	10	0	0	10	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,005	...	...	41,525	...	...
Owner	845	...	...	23,470	...	...
Renter	160	...	...	18,055	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,000	...	...	41,525	...	...
Condominium	100	...	...	7,765	...	...
Not condominium	910	...	...	33,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,005	...	...	41,525	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	135	...	...
1 bedroom	70	...	...	6,865	...	...
2 bedrooms	260	...	...	13,050	...	...
3 bedrooms	435	...	...	16,785	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	230	...	...	4,685	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,005	...	...	41,520	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	150	...	...	17,285	...	...
5 rooms	160	...	...	8,455	...	...
6 rooms	175	...	...	5,135	...	...
7 rooms	175	...	...	4,395	...	...
8 or more rooms	340	...	...	6,250	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,005	...	...	41,525	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,005	...	...	40,755	...	...
More than 1 person per room	0	...	...	770	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,005	...	...	41,525	...	...
Suitable	990	...	...	38,530	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	2,995	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,005	...	...	41,525	...	...
1960 or before	90	...	...	4,350	...	...
1961 to 1980	400	...	...	15,105	...	...
1981 to 1990	135	...	...	11,145	...	...
1991 to 2000	75	...	...	5,245	...	...
2001 to 2005	75	...	...	2,690	...	...
2006 to 2010	105	...	...	1,995	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	125	...	...	995	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,000	...	...	41,525	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	940	...	...	39,550	...	...
Major repairs needed	65	...	...	1,975	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,005	...	...	41,525	...	...
1 household maintainer	550	...	...	25,495	...	...
2 household maintainers	455	...	...	15,205	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	0	...	...	825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,005	...	...	41,520	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	545	...	...
25 to 34 years	80	...	...	4,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	115	...	...	7,325	...	...
45 to 54 years	185	...	...	8,615	...	...
55 to 64 years	255	...	...	8,100	...	...
65 to 74 years	185	...	...	6,655	...	...
75 to 84 years	115	...	...	4,610	...	...
85 years and over	65	...	...	1,605	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	990	...	...	41,500	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	820	...	...	31,840	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	175	...	...	9,660	...	...
30% to less than 100%	150	...	...	8,895	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	830	...	...	23,470	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	53.3	...	...	58.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.8	...	...	16.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	694	...	...	1,067	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,042	...	...	1,192	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	390,259	...	...	341,657	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	375,321	...	...	357,567	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	155	...	...	18,055	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	0.0	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.7	...	...	32.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,056	...	...	771	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,134	...	...	832	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,920	900	1,015	84,095	39,265	44,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	245	160	85	18,970	8,665	10,305
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	455	230	230	19,870	9,300	10,575
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,210	510	700	45,255	21,300	23,950
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	215	140	75	13,060	6,950	6,115
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	115	70	50	9,645	4,570	5,075
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	95	70	25	3,420	2,375	1,040
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	445	150	290	14,595	6,335	8,260
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	85	25	60	3,345	1,385	1,955
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	470	200	270	14,250	6,630	7,625
Bachelor's degree	265	105	160	9,865	4,450	5,415
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	15	25	1,650	825	825
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10	310	135	175
Master's degree	130	60	65	2,155	1,045	1,110
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	35	10	20	265	170	95
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,165	525	645	52,870	25,005	27,865
No certificate, diploma or degree	100	65	40	6,890	3,435	3,455
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	255	145	115	11,375	5,540	5,840
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	810	315	490	34,605	16,040	18,565
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	130	80	50	9,830	4,965	4,865
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	75	40	35	7,405	3,355	4,050
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	60	45	15	2,425	1,610	810
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	290	95	195	10,270	4,515	5,750
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	15	45	2,445	1,035	1,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	320	125	195	12,065	5,520	6,545
Bachelor's degree	180	70	110	8,375	3,780	4,595
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	25	0	15	1,375	640	735
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	235	75	155
Master's degree	90	40	50	1,860	900	960
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	20	0	15	225	135	95
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,920	905	1,015	84,095	39,260	44,835
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	705	390	315	38,840	17,965	20,875
Education	160	45	115	2,750	525	2,230
13. Education	160	45	120	2,750	520	2,230
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	0	20	1,650	855	795
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	365	305	60
50. Visual and performing arts	25	0	20	1,285	550	740
Humanities	35	20	15	2,445	945	1,500
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	455	75	380
23. English language and literature/letters	20	10	10	185	35	150
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	10	1,200	510	690
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	90	55	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	75	60	10
54. History	10	0	0	155	85	70
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	295	120	170
Social and behavioural sciences and law	170	55	115	4,965	1,530	3,440
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	30	0	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	10	0	340	120	225
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	40	0	40	1,335	85	1,250
22. Legal professions and studies	20	0	10	920	300	625
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	160	25	130
42. Psychology	40	10	30	490	120	370
45. Social sciences	55	35	30	1,690	875	815
Business, management and public administration	180	55	130	11,730	4,540	7,195
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	15	15	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	480	70	415
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	175	50	120	11,235	4,450	6,780
Physical and life sciences and technologies	85	45	30	1,410	745	665
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	15	15	480	215	270
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	10	275	155	125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	135	60	75
40. Physical sciences	25	15	10	440	280	155
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	15	10	75	35	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	0	20	2,190	1,475	710
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	10	1,765	1,275	490
25. Library science	10	0	0	150	20	125
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	10	0	245	150	95
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	35	30	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	215	205	15	8,345	7,695	645
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	300	205	90
14. Engineering	35	30	0	1,825	1,515	310
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	45	40	0	1,545	1,430	110
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	65	60	0	2,000	1,950	50
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	40	0	1,775	1,735	40
48. Precision production	25	25	0	900	860	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35	20	15	325	205	120
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	30	15	15	255	160	100
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	65	45	20
Health and related fields	190	15	175	6,270	1,205	5,065
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	10	310	170	135
51. Health professions and related programs	185	15	170	5,870	1,000	4,875
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	10	0	90	40	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	90	40	45	3,170	1,565	1,600
12. Personal and culinary services	40	10	35	2,050	620	1,425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	20	15	10	600	465	135
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	25	10	505	465	45
Other	0	0	0	15	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	15	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,165	525	645	52,870	25,005	27,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	355	205	155	18,270	8,970	9,295
Education	90	20	70	1,835	285	1,550
13. Education	95	20	70	1,835	280	1,550
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	30	10	20	1,180	575	600
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	240	190	50
50. Visual and performing arts	25	0	20	945	390	550
Humanities	30	20	10	1,595	585	1,010
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	400	75	335
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	145	25	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	10	0	675	285	390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	50	40	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	30	30	10
54. History	0	10	0	95	50	40
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	200	80	120
Social and behavioural sciences and law	110	30	80	3,810	1,120	2,690
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	25	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	250	90	155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	30	0	30	1,060	55	1,000
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	775	240	535
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	95	15	80
42. Psychology	20	0	10	385	85	305
45. Social sciences	45	15	20	1,215	620	590
Business, management and public administration	120	40	85	9,250	3,595	5,660
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	15	15	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	370	45	320
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	105	35	75	8,865	3,530	5,335
Physical and life sciences and technologies	45	20	30	1,015	520	495
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	10	0	385	165	220
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0	160	80	80
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	50	25	30
40. Physical sciences	20	15	10	355	220	130
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	65	30	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	10	1,980	1,350	635
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	10	1,635	1,180	455
25. Library science	0	0	0	120	25	95
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	195	120	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	30	25	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	150	130	15	6,320	5,745	575
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	0	255	175	80
14. Engineering	30	25	0	1,595	1,305	290
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	30	30	0	1,165	1,075	90
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	50	45	0	1,360	1,310	45
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	15	0	1,315	1,285	30
48. Precision production	15	15	0	630	600	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	25	15	15	260	155	105
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	25	10	15	205	125	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	10	0	55	30	20
Health and related fields	140	15	125	4,845	880	3,965
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	10	0	10	270	140	130
51. Health professions and related programs	130	10	125	4,505	715	3,790
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	0	70	20	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	55	25	35	2,505	1,220	1,285
12. Personal and culinary services	35	10	35	1,585	455	1,135
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	15	10	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	480	365	115
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	425	395	35
Other	0	0	0	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	10	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,915	905	1,015	84,095	39,265	44,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	705	395	315	38,840	17,960	20,880
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,215	510	700	45,255	21,300	23,955
Location of study inside Canada	1,020	410	610	38,915	18,060	20,855
Same as province or territory of residence	750	295	445	38,380	17,790	20,590
Different than province or territory of residence	275	110	165	535	270	260
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	190	100	90	6,335	3,240	3,100
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	45	20	25	240	130	110
Philippines	0	0	0	45	10	35
India	0	0	0	25	10	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	95	55	40	55	45	20
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	110	50	60
France	0	0	0	535	325	210
Other	45	20	25	5,325	2,685	2,645
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,165	525	645	52,870	25,010	27,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	360	205	150	18,270	8,970	9,295
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	810	315	490	34,600	16,035	18,570
Location of study inside Canada	720	280	440	29,230	13,345	15,880
Same as province or territory of residence	545	205	335	28,805	13,140	15,660
Different than province or territory of residence	175	70	100	425	205	220
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	90	40	50	5,375	2,690	2,685
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	15	10	10	195	105	85
Philippines	0	0	0	25	10	20
India	0	0	0	20	0	20
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	50	20	25	50	35	15
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	10	0	100	40	55
France	0	0	0	420	240	180
Other	20	10	15	4,570	2,260	2,305
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,920	905	1,010	84,095	39,265	44,835
In the labour force	1,075	515	560	51,315	25,970	25,345
Employed	1,020	490	535	47,005	23,700	23,305
Unemployed	55	25	25	4,310	2,270	2,040
Not in the labour force	845	385	455	32,775	13,295	19,485
Participation rate	56.0	56.9	55.4	61.0	66.1	56.5
Employment rate	53.1	54.1	53.0	55.9	60.4	52.0
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.9	4.5	8.4	8.7	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,920	905	1,015	84,095	39,265	44,830
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	780	355	430	32,480	13,235	19,245
Worked	1,140	550	590	51,615	26,030	25,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	450	250	200	24,865	13,490	11,380
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	695	300	390	26,745	12,540	14,200
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	41.7	41.2	42.8	43.2	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	1,075	515	560	51,320	25,970	25,345
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	20	15	10	1,930	930	995
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	1,055	505	555	49,390	25,040	24,350
Employee	880	410	475	44,650	21,830	22,820
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	180	95	80	4,745	3,210	1,535
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	1,075	515	560	51,320	25,970	25,345
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15	15	10	1,925	930	995
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	1,055	500	555	49,390	25,035	24,355
0 Management occupations	155	85	65	4,350	2,645	1,710
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	95	45	50	9,755	3,235	6,520
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	45	40	10	2,875	2,340	540
3 Health occupations	110	20	95	4,035	810	3,225
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	135	20	115	5,325	1,270	4,055
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	35	20	15	1,150	605	545
6 Sales and service occupations	275	90	190	12,990	6,535	6,450
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	145	130	10	5,890	5,525	365
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	25	20	0	205	205	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	35	30	10	2,815	1,875	940
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	1,075	515	560	51,315	25,970	25,345
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	20	15	0	1,925	930	995
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	1,060	500	555	49,390	25,040	24,350
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	45	40	0	110	75	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	45	35	10
22 Utilities	0	0	0	290	165	125
23 Construction	75	70	10	2,390	2,120	275
31-33 Manufacturing	70	50	15	5,610	3,705	1,905
41 Wholesale trade	35	20	10	2,455	1,535	920
44-45 Retail trade	160	65	95	6,140	3,135	3,005
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	45	35	10	2,670	2,070	605
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	1,060	615	445
52 Finance and insurance	35	15	20	2,985	1,220	1,770
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	0	10	920	560	355
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	30	15	15	2,975	1,645	1,330
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	60	25	35
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	35	30	0	3,000	1,770	1,230
61 Educational services	115	30	85	3,120	855	2,265
62 Health care and social assistance	150	20	130	7,475	1,455	6,020
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	10	15	705	385	315
72 Accommodation and food services	90	35	50	3,105	1,625	1,485
81 Other services (except public administration)	65	15	50	2,145	980	1,160
91 Public administration	65	30	30	2,125	1,070	1,050
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	1,025	490	535	47,005	23,700	23,305
Worked at home	120	65	55	1,955	1,045	915
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	75	55	20
No fixed workplace address	155	105	50	4,210	3,015	1,195
Worked at usual place	745	310	435	40,765	19,590	21,175
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	745	310	435	40,765	19,590	21,175
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	90	50	45	34,435	15,755	18,675
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	450	155	300	1,985	1,165	820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	195	105	95	4,240	2,600	1,645
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	105	70	35
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	900	420	485	44,980	22,605	22,370
Car, truck, van - as a driver	785	350	440	29,545	16,930	12,615
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	30	15	20	1,490	470	1,015
Public transit	15	15	0	12,125	4,430	7,695
Walked	40	25	20	1,335	510	825
Bicycle	10	10	0	180	145	35
Other method	10	0	0	300	115	190
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	905	420	480	44,980	22,605	22,375
Less than 15 minutes	350	140	210	7,630	3,785	3,845
15 to 29 minutes	255	105	150	12,110	6,345	5,770
30 to 44 minutes	90	65	25	10,410	5,720	4,695
45 to 59 minutes	100	50	45	6,615	3,210	3,405
60 minutes and over	115	70	55	8,210	3,550	4,660
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	900	420	480	44,975	22,605	22,375
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	55	40	10	3,605	2,560	1,045
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	195	110	85	9,020	4,860	4,165
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	185	90	95	13,520	5,920	7,595
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	210	65	145	7,230	3,015	4,220
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	135	50	85	4,180	1,985	2,195
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	125	70	55	7,420	4,265	3,155
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	1,165	565	600	53,355	26,875	26,480
Single responses	1,155	555	595	45,440	22,745	22,700
Official languages	1,150	555	595	45,100	22,605	22,500
English	1,145	555	590	7,920	4,140	3,780
French	10	0	0	37,180	18,460	18,720
Non-official languages	0	0	0	345	140	205
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	345	140	205
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	30	25	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	30	25	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	30	10	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	0	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	160	65	100
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	145	65	80
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	80	50	35
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Spanish	0	0	0	45	20	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	95	40	50
Chinese languages	10	10	0	95	45	55
Cantonese	0	0	0	75	35	40
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	20	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	7,915	4,135	3,780
English and French	0	0	0	7,100	3,725	3,375
English and non-official language	10	0	10	25	15	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	265	120	140
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	525	275	255
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	1,165	560	600	53,355	26,875	26,480
None	1,130	550	575	31,125	15,310	15,815
English	0	0	10	14,190	7,420	6,770
French	10	10	0	5,730	3,000	2,725
Non-official language	20	10	15	1,480	760	720
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	20	10	15	1,475	765	715
English and French	0	0	0	35	20	15
English and non-official language	0	0	0	610	280	330
French and non-official language	0	0	0	190	85	105
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	2,220	1,075	1,145	100,495	47,570	52,925
Non-movers	1,940	940	995	91,540	43,300	48,240
Movers	285	135	150	8,955	4,270	4,685
Non-migrants	65	35	25	7,080	3,375	3,710
Migrants	220	100	120	1,875	895	980
Internal migrants	210	100	115	1,280	605	675
Intraprovincial migrants	160	65	90	1,155	550	600
Interprovincial migrants	55	30	25	130	55	75
External migrants	10	0	10	590	290	300
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	2,160	1,045	1,120	95,950	45,250	50,700
Non-movers	1,315	635	675	65,825	31,095	34,730
Movers	845	410	440	30,120	14,155	15,970
Non-migrants	260	130	130	23,080	10,845	12,235
Migrants	585	275	310	7,040	3,305	3,735
Internal migrants	545	255	290	3,275	1,515	1,755
Intraprovincial migrants	415	200	220	3,090	1,410	1,675
Interprovincial migrants	125	60	70	185	105	85
External migrants	40	20	25	3,765	1,790	1,975

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Cowichan Bay [Population centre], British Columbia and Honoré-Mercier [Federal electoral district], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 7, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cowichan Bay [Population centre], British Columbia and Honoré-Mercier [Federal electoral district], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Cowichan Bay [Population centre], British Columbia and Honoré-Mercier [Federal electoral district], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cowichan Bay [Population centre], British Columbia and Honoré-Mercier [Federal electoral district], Quebec