Census Profile, 2016 Census
Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia and Saugeen Shores, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Truro Nova Scotia [Census agglomeration]			Saugeen Shores, T Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia Map : Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia Change geography 1			Data quality : Saugeen Shores, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	45,753	...	...	13,715	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	45,888	...	...	12,661	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.3	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	22,478	...	...	7,655	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	16.7	...	...	80.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,733.13	...	...	171.05	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	45,750	21,980	23,775	13,715	6,675	7,040
0 to 14 years	6,965	3,505	3,460	1,975	990	980
0 to 4 years	2,105	1,035	1,075	730	370	360
5 to 9 years	2,445	1,250	1,200	655	320	335
10 to 14 years	2,410	1,215	1,190	595	300	290
15 to 64 years	29,055	14,060	14,990	8,390	4,120	4,270
15 to 19 years	2,650	1,350	1,305	595	305	290
20 to 24 years	2,500	1,240	1,260	610	315	290
25 to 29 years	2,275	1,100	1,180	800	405	390
30 to 34 years	2,385	1,105	1,280	855	430	430
35 to 39 years	2,420	1,130	1,295	770	395	370
40 to 44 years	2,820	1,355	1,465	640	305	335
45 to 49 years	3,040	1,490	1,545	695	360	340
50 to 54 years	3,720	1,810	1,910	910	410	505
55 to 59 years	3,815	1,825	1,990	1,210	570	640
60 to 64 years	3,435	1,660	1,770	1,300	625	675
65 years and over	9,730	4,420	5,315	3,355	1,570	1,790
65 to 69 years	3,130	1,530	1,595	1,155	565	590
70 to 74 years	2,450	1,190	1,260	835	395	435
75 to 79 years	1,690	750	940	560	270	285
80 to 84 years	1,215	550	665	435	210	225
85 years and over	1,250	400	855	375	125	250
85 to 89 years	755	275	480	240	90	145
90 to 94 years	380	100	275	115	30	85
95 to 99 years	105	25	90	20	5	15
100 years and over	10	5	5	0	5	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2	15.9	14.6	14.4	14.8	13.9
15 to 64 years	63.5	64.0	63.0	61.2	61.7	60.7
65 years and over	21.3	20.1	22.4	24.5	23.5	25.4
85 years and over	2.7	1.8	3.6	2.7	1.9	3.6
Average age of the population	44.0	43.1	44.8	45.7	44.8	46.6
Median age of the population	46.4	45.7	47.0	49.5	47.8	51.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
Single-detached house	13,570	...	...	4,665	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	5	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	5,280	...	...	1,300	...	...
Semi-detached house	595	...	...	280	...	...
Row house	250	...	...	370	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	965	...	...	35	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,395	...	...	605	...	...
Other single-attached house	75	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,245	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
1 person	6,050	...	...	1,705	...	...
2 persons	7,975	...	...	2,610	...	...
3 persons	2,820	...	...	740	...	...
4 persons	2,215	...	...	680	...	...
5 or more persons	1,040	...	...	295	...	...
Number of persons in private households	44,900	...	...	13,425	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	38,785	18,480	20,310	11,740	5,685	6,060
Married or living common law	22,860	11,410	11,450	7,750	3,880	3,875
Married	18,415	9,190	9,220	6,610	3,315	3,295
Living common law	4,445	2,220	2,225	1,145	570	575
Not married and not living common law	15,930	7,070	8,865	3,995	1,805	2,190
Never married	9,260	4,860	4,400	2,225	1,250	980
Separated	1,370	580	790	300	120	180
Divorced	2,535	1,060	1,475	650	255	390
Widowed	2,770	565	2,200	820	180	640
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	13,595	...	...	4,260	...	...
2 persons	8,045	...	...	2,645	...	...
3 persons	2,665	...	...	715	...	...
4 persons	2,085	...	...	650	...	...
5 or more persons	795	...	...	245	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	13,590	...	...	4,260	...	...
Total couple families	11,255	...	...	3,800	...	...
Married couples	9,035	...	...	3,235	...	...
Common-law couples	2,225	...	...	575	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,340	...	...	460	...	...
Female parent	1,820	...	...	340	...	...
Male parent	520	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	11,255	...	...	3,800	...	...
Couples without children	6,570	...	...	2,355	...	...
Couples with children	4,690	...	...	1,450	...	...
1 child	2,050	...	...	595	...	...
2 children	1,900	...	...	620	...	...
3 or more children	745	...	...	240	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,340	...	...	455	...	...
1 child	1,475	...	...	290	...	...
2 children	620	...	...	125	...	...
3 or more children	240	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,250	3,760	4,480	2,070	915	1,155
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
One-census-family households	13,135	...	...	4,170	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	6,395	...	...	2,315	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	6,740	...	...	1,860	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	230	...	...	45	...	...
Non-census-family households	6,735	...	...	1,810	...	...
One-person households	6,055	...	...	1,705	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	680	...	...	105	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	45,165	21,780	23,390	13,540	6,615	6,925
English only	42,280	20,635	21,650	12,555	6,175	6,380
French only	5	0	5	5	0	5
English and French	2,845	1,130	1,710	965	435	535
Neither English nor French	40	15	25	15	5	10
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	45,170	21,780	23,385	13,535	6,615	6,925
English	44,680	21,570	23,115	13,310	6,500	6,805
French	425	190	235	205	105	105
English and French	30	10	20	15	0	10
Neither English nor French	30	15	15	15	5	10
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	440	195	245	205	105	105
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.5	1.6	1.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	45,165	21,780	23,385	13,540	6,615	6,925
Single responses	44,970	21,695	23,270	13,420	6,560	6,865
Official languages	43,920	21,200	22,720	12,625	6,170	6,460
English	43,445	20,990	22,455	12,410	6,060	6,345
French	470	210	265	215	105	110
Non-official languages	1,050	500	555	795	390	405
Aboriginal languages	110	40	70	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	105	40	65	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	110	40	70	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	105	40	70	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	940	460	485	795	390	405
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	25	25	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	35	25	20	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	60	35	25	25	15	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	35	55	15	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	35	50	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	15	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	10	5	5
Tamil	5	5	0	5	0	5
Telugu	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	525	255	270	625	320	300
Albanian	5	0	5	5	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	30	35	110	55	55
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	60	30	30	110	55	55
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Czech	5	0	5	15	10	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Polish	20	10	10	35	15	20
Russian	20	5	10	20	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	0	10	10	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	275	140	130	205	100	105
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	0	5	0	0
Dutch	130	80	55	60	40	25
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0
German	115	55	65	130	60	70
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Swedish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	100	45	50	190	100	85
Indo-Aryan languages	70	30	40	175	90	80
Bengali	5	0	0	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	15	15
Hindi	10	5	5	15	10	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	5
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	10	10	25	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	10	80	50	35
Iranian languages	25	15	15	15	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	20	10	10	10	5	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	25	45	110	60	50
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	35	25	15
Portuguese	10	5	5	20	10	10
Romanian	5	5	5	20	15	5
Spanish	55	20	40	30	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	5	10	5	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	5	0	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	65	80	50	20	30
Chinese languages	150	70	80	50	20	30
Cantonese	40	15	20	10	5	5
Hakka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	85	35	45	30	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	15	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	30	10	20
Estonian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	10	0	5
Hungarian	15	10	5	20	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	200	85	115	120	60	65
English and French	75	30	50	30	10	15
English and non-official language	110	50	60	85	45	40
French and non-official language	0	0	5	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	45,165	21,780	23,390	13,540	6,615	6,925
Single responses	44,880	21,655	23,230	13,350	6,530	6,830
Official languages	44,525	21,485	23,045	13,095	6,400	6,690
English	44,425	21,440	22,980	13,050	6,375	6,670
French	105	45	60	45	25	25
Non-official languages	360	165	190	265	130	135
Aboriginal languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	340	160	180	260	125	135
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	5	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	15	10	15	10	10
Amharic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	20	15	5	15	10	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	20	25	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	25	30	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	120	55	65	190	90	95
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	35	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	30	15	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Russian	10	5	5	10	5	10
Serbian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0	0	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	15	10	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	60	25	30	90	50	45
Indo-Aryan languages	40	15	25	85	45	40
Bengali	5	5	5	5	0	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hindi	10	5	5	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	5	5	0	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	55	30	25
Iranian languages	20	10	10	5	0	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	5	5	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15	30	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Spanish	25	10	20	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	10	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	15	5	0	5
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	45	50	35	20	15
Chinese languages	95	40	50	35	15	20
Cantonese	15	5	10	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	30	35	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	10	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	285	125	155	185	85	95
English and French	65	30	35	15	10	10
English and non-official language	220	100	120	165	80	85
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	45,165	21,780	23,385	13,540	6,615	6,920
None	43,945	21,255	22,695	12,970	6,345	6,625
English	225	105	120	130	70	60
French	490	190	300	150	60	90
Non-official language	480	225	255	275	140	140
Aboriginal	95	30	60	5	5	0
Non-Aboriginal	385	190	200	270	135	140
English and French	5	0	0	5	0	0
English and non-official language	5	5	0	5	0	5
French and non-official language	15	10	15	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language	0	5	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	37,960	18,190	19,775	11,460	5,570	5,890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	36,530	17,490	19,040	11,230	5,485	5,750
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,986	37,228	24,764	40,042	61,070	27,597
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	36,550	17,495	19,055	11,235	5,480	5,755
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,145	32,570	23,127	35,571	52,399	24,821
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	31,540	15,525	16,020	10,405	5,210	5,195
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,144	35,707	22,434	36,608	56,357	23,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,650	12,070	15,580	7,900	3,585	4,315
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,709	8,197	7,352	8,155	8,437	7,845
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	25,380	12,835	12,550	8,050	4,405	3,645
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,208	36,105	24,044	29,080	39,531	23,712
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	37,965	18,195	19,770	11,455	5,565	5,890
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	36,485	17,485	19,005	11,215	5,470	5,740
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,928	44,304	32,059	58,463	80,339	37,628
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	36,500	17,485	19,020	11,220	5,470	5,750
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,844	36,426	27,631	46,403	62,480	31,112
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	31,515	15,515	16,000	10,430	5,265	5,165
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,397	43,162	29,836	56,312	77,497	34,718
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,620	11,980	15,645	7,775	3,560	4,220
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,574	8,764	8,428	8,783	8,848	8,728
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,380	12,805	12,575	8,050	4,430	3,615
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,144	42,113	30,064	52,811	66,626	35,880
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	37,965	18,195	19,770	11,455	5,570	5,890
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	12,565	6,815	5,750	3,405	2,085	1,320
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	44,605	49,815	39,375	82,257	112,582	55,620
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	51,142	56,187	45,163	92,245	109,513	65,019
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	82.9	86.5	78.2	89.8	92.9	83.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	66.7	70.0	62.4	64.8	67.9	59.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	17.1	13.5	21.8	10.2	7.1	16.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	37,960	18,190	19,775	11,460	5,565	5,890
Without total income	1,430	700	735	230	85	140
With total income	36,530	17,490	19,040	11,230	5,480	5,750
Percentage with total income	96.2	96.2	96.3	98.0	98.5	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,990	2,045	2,945	1,520	500	1,025
$10,000 to $19,999	7,250	2,625	4,625	1,655	520	1,135
$20,000 to $29,999	6,035	2,440	3,590	1,410	505	905
$30,000 to $39,999	5,055	2,310	2,740	1,025	395	630
$40,000 to $49,999	4,100	2,215	1,885	900	415	480
$50,000 to $59,999	2,705	1,680	1,025	775	365	410
$60,000 to $69,999	1,825	1,205	620	615	350	265
$70,000 to $79,999	1,430	875	560	555	345	210
$80,000 to $89,999	1,070	615	460	375	240	140
$90,000 to $99,999	615	405	210	380	235	140
$100,000 and over	1,450	1,080	375	2,020	1,610	410
$100,000 to $149,999	1,080	785	290	1,195	895	300
$150,000 and over	370	290	80	825	715	110
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	37,960	18,190	19,775	11,455	5,570	5,885
Without after-tax income	1,415	695	725	220	85	135
With after-tax income	36,550	17,495	19,050	11,235	5,485	5,755
Percentage with after-tax income	96.3	96.2	96.3	98.1	98.5	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,210	2,090	3,115	1,670	505	1,160
$10,000 to $19,999	7,685	2,820	4,865	1,725	560	1,165
$20,000 to $29,999	7,245	3,030	4,215	1,570	575	995
$30,000 to $39,999	6,155	3,085	3,070	1,175	485	700
$40,000 to $49,999	4,065	2,430	1,635	1,040	500	540
$50,000 to $59,999	2,450	1,580	870	820	460	360
$60,000 to $69,999	1,645	975	675	630	410	225
$70,000 to $79,999	835	550	285	540	335	210
$80,000 and over	1,255	930	325	2,060	1,660	400
$80,000 to $89,999	450	315	135	460	325	135
$90,000 to $99,999	260	195	65	395	305	95
$100,000 and over	550	420	125	1,210	1,035	170
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	37,960	18,190	19,775	11,455	5,565	5,885
Without employment income	12,580	5,355	7,225	3,410	1,165	2,245
With employment income	25,380	12,835	12,550	8,050	4,405	3,645
Percentage with employment income	66.9	70.6	63.5	70.3	79.2	61.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,620	1,665	1,960	1,820	1,090	730
$5,000 to $9,999	2,260	930	1,330	665	270	390
$10,000 to $19,999	3,635	1,510	2,125	930	360	565
$20,000 to $29,999	3,420	1,425	1,995	675	270	405
$30,000 to $39,999	3,240	1,530	1,705	560	220	340
$40,000 to $49,999	2,630	1,475	1,150	445	180	265
$50,000 to $59,999	1,830	1,175	655	350	160	190
$60,000 to $69,999	1,285	835	445	305	150	150
$70,000 to $79,999	1,095	665	430	220	120	95
$80,000 and over	2,375	1,635	740	2,095	1,580	515
$80,000 to $89,999	870	480	390	190	110	85
$90,000 to $99,999	470	330	145	240	120	120
$100,000 and over	1,040	825	215	1,665	1,350	310
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	55,521	...	...	87,916	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	49,179	...	...	75,431	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	6,050	...	...	1,705	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,088	...	...	43,925	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,149	...	...	38,613	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	14,045	...	...	4,320	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,847	...	...	108,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	62,065	...	...	91,603	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,866	...	...	108,815	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,843	...	...	86,430	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,060	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,487	...	...	56,844	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,895	...	...	45,709	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	14,035	...	...	4,325	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,277	...	...	129,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,909	...	...	102,407	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
Under $5,000	325	...	...	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	415	...	...	60	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	750	...	...	120	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,095	...	...	170	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,095	...	...	230	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,025	...	...	160	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,225	...	...	225	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,110	...	...	185	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,060	...	...	220	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	985	...	...	195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,695	...	...	380	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,615	...	...	370	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,405	...	...	370	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,190	...	...	325	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	925	...	...	300	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,185	...	...	2,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,770	...	...	640	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,020	...	...	545	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	920	...	...	730	...	...
$200,000 and over	475	...	...	735	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
Under $5,000	335	...	...	60	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	430	...	...	70	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	750	...	...	125	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,165	...	...	180	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,265	...	...	235	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,255	...	...	210	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,390	...	...	245	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,315	...	...	225	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,210	...	...	265	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,095	...	...	220	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,125	...	...	490	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,770	...	...	445	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,490	...	...	435	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,125	...	...	400	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	850	...	...	390	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,525	...	...	2,035	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,355	...	...	750	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	620	...	...	505	...	...
$150,000 and over	550	...	...	775	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	13,515	...	...	4,240	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,884	...	...	109,129	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	62,031	...	...	91,758	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	6,270	...	...	2,280	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,713	...	...	93,013	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	57,594	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,750	...	...	1,460	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,973	...	...	161,024	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	82,412	...	...	127,296	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,190	...	...	435	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,470	...	...	58,496	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	39,520	...	...	53,632	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	13,520	...	...	4,240	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,375	...	...	130,148	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	69,912	...	...	103,045	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	6,285	...	...	2,270	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,189	...	...	110,605	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	62,686	...	...	89,829	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,715	...	...	1,460	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,508	...	...	170,375	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,631	...	...	131,353	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,200	...	...	445	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,631	...	...	77,846	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,285	...	...	66,427	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	7,525	3,460	4,065	1,920	855	1,070
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,466	29,325	24,615	41,003	52,352	34,475
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,427	26,525	23,424	36,636	44,416	31,296
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	7,475	3,430	4,040	1,885	850	1,035
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,354	35,547	33,341	54,754	69,992	42,275
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,068	29,288	28,881	44,228	54,818	35,556
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	44,900	21,675	23,225	13,430	6,560	6,870
In the bottom half of the distribution	28,000	13,185	14,815	4,405	1,965	2,445
In the bottom decile	5,305	2,465	2,845	765	335	430
In the second decile	6,425	2,760	3,665	985	415	565
In the third decile	5,805	2,715	3,090	940	395	545
In the fourth decile	5,505	2,750	2,755	795	370	430
In the fifth decile	4,960	2,495	2,465	925	455	470
In the top half of the distribution	16,900	8,490	8,410	9,020	4,590	4,430
In the sixth decile	4,600	2,315	2,285	1,180	595	580
In the seventh decile	4,155	2,085	2,075	1,450	725	725
In the eighth decile	3,750	1,870	1,875	1,645	845	805
In the ninth decile	2,690	1,355	1,335	2,180	1,090	1,095
In the top decile	1,705	860	845	2,565	1,345	1,225
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	44,090	21,285	22,805	13,425	6,555	6,870
0 to 17 years	8,270	4,165	4,100	2,310	1,165	1,140
0 to 5 years	2,490	1,235	1,255	860	430	430
18 to 64 years	26,770	12,905	13,865	7,970	3,900	4,075
65 years and over	9,050	4,210	4,840	3,150	1,495	1,655
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,305	3,680	4,620	1,255	520	735
0 to 17 years	1,980	975	1,010	255	115	140
0 to 5 years	725	340	380	90	35	55
18 to 64 years	4,560	2,055	2,505	730	315	415
65 years and over	1,760	650	1,110	265	85	180
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.8	17.3	20.3	9.3	7.9	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	23.9	23.4	24.6	11.0	9.9	12.3
0 to 5 years (%)	29.1	27.5	30.3	10.5	8.1	12.8
18 to 64 years (%)	17.0	15.9	18.1	9.2	8.1	10.2
65 years and over (%)	19.4	15.4	22.9	8.4	5.7	10.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,990	1,440	1,550	495	215	275
0 to 17 years	650	315	340	90	40	45
0 to 5 years	235	100	135	20	10	15
18 to 64 years	2,225	1,085	1,145	365	165	200
65 years and over	110	40	70	40	10	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.8	6.8	6.8	3.7	3.3	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.9	7.6	8.3	3.9	3.4	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	9.4	8.1	10.8	2.3	2.3	3.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	8.4	8.3	4.6	4.2	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.3	0.7	2.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	44,905	21,675	23,230	13,425	6,555	6,865
Official languages	44,865	21,645	23,210	13,415	6,560	6,855
English	44,845	21,645	23,200	13,410	6,555	6,855
French	2,920	1,175	1,750	960	425	535
Non-official languages	1,765	805	960	995	480	520
Aboriginal languages	190	80	105	0	10	0
Algonquian languages	180	75	110	0	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	10	0	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	180	75	105	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	180	75	105	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,580	730	850	990	475	515
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	45	45	75	45	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	90	40	50	65	40	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	90	45	45	55	30	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	125	40	85	15	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	40	85	10	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10	15	0	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	20	10	15	10	0	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	975	430	545	780	380	405
Albanian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	40	70	105	45	60
Baltic languages	15	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	95	40	60	100	45	55
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Polish	15	10	10	25	10	20
Russian	55	15	40	20	15	0
Serbian	0	10	0	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	20	10	15	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	10	20	10	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	20	0	10	10
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	395	190	205	210	115	100
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	10	10	0	10
Dutch	165	85	85	50	35	15
Frisian	15	10	10	0	0	0
German	220	100	120	150	75	80
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	10	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	30	25	0
Indo-Iranian languages	200	90	110	245	120	130
Indo-Aryan languages	175	75	100	195	105	95
Bengali	25	10	15	35	20	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	70	45	30
Hindi	55	25	30	90	55	35
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	35	45	30	10	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	45	20	25	65	40	25
Iranian languages	25	10	10	55	15	40
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	10	55	10	45
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	285	120	165	195	90	105
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	25	20	10	75	35	40
Portuguese	0	0	0	25	15	15
Romanian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Spanish	255	100	155	80	30	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	50	30	25	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10	20	15	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	30	25	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	20	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	65	25	35	20	10	15
American Sign Language	20	0	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	75	70	40	15	20
Chinese languages	140	75	70	40	20	20
Cantonese	55	30	30	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	80	35	45	25	20	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	10	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0	0	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	10	20	50	20	30
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	10
Hungarian	25	10	20	30	10	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	44,900	21,675	23,225	13,430	6,555	6,870
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	43,980	21,200	22,775	13,125	6,410	6,720
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,395	4,200	4,195	2,195	1,105	1,090
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	35,585	17,000	18,585	10,925	5,305	5,630
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	925	475	445	300	150	155
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	44,905	21,675	23,225	13,430	6,555	6,870
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	42,835	20,645	22,190	11,970	5,830	6,145
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,785	870	925	1,440	730	710
Before 1981	810	435	375	765	400	370
1981 to 1990	160	90	70	120	40	80
1991 to 2000	180	55	120	185	80	105
2001 to 2010	300	120	180	230	135	95
2001 to 2005	165	70	100	145	75	70
2006 to 2010	135	50	85	80	60	25
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	345	170	175	140	70	70
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	280	165	110	15	0	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,790	870	925	1,445	725	715
Under 5 years	275	135	145	230	125	110
5 to 14 years	365	175	190	285	135	150
15 to 24 years	315	145	175	330	155	175
25 to 44 years	690	355	335	545	290	255
45 years and over	140	60	80	45	25	25
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,790	870	925	1,440	725	715
Americas	435	210	225	145	70	70
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	10	10	0
El Salvador	0	0	10	0	0	0
Guyana	0	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10	10	10
Jamaica	20	15	0	15	10	0
Mexico	25	0	10	15	0	10
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	10	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	325	150	180	85	45	40
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	30	10	0	10
Europe	860	420	435	945	480	465
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	15	10	10	10	0	0
France	10	0	0	10	0	10
Germany	90	50	40	90	40	50
Greece	0	0	0	20	10	0
Hungary	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	0	15	25	10	20
Italy	15	10	0	30	20	0
Netherlands	145	85	55	55	35	15
Poland	10	0	10	25	0	20
Portugal	10	0	0	25	15	0
Romania	0	0	0	25	10	15
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukraine	10	0	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	460	220	240	560	280	280
Other places of birth in Europe	65	25	40	50	20	30
Africa	65	50	20	30	25	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	15	15	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	10	10	10	0
Asia	410	175	235	320	150	175
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	10	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	60	15	45	30	15	15
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	70	35	35	95	45	45
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	20	10	15	45	10	35
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	20	10	15
Lebanon	30	20	15	10	0	10
Pakistan	35	15	15	25	10	15
Philippines	115	45	75	20	0	15
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	40	20	15
Taiwan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	15	20	30	20	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	345	175	175	140	70	70
Americas	65	45	25	10	10	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	35	25	15	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	0	0	0
Europe	110	45	60	65	40	25
France	10	0	10	10	10	10
Germany	10	10	0	10	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	90	35	55	50	30	20
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0
Asia	145	65	80	65	20	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	45	25	25	15	0	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Philippines	85	30	55	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	35	20	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	44,905	21,675	23,225	13,425	6,560	6,865
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,235	1,100	1,135	1,525	765	765
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	3,100	1,475	1,625	1,935	980	955
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	39,565	19,100	20,470	9,960	4,815	5,150
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,000	445	555	685	335	350
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	605	290	320	425	215	205
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	245	160	80	165	120	40
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	365	130	235	260	95	170
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	365	135	225	175	70	105
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	30	10	15	85	45	45
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	44,900	21,675	23,230	13,425	6,555	6,865
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,455	1,150	1,300	425	175	245
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,385	1,130	1,260	410	170	235
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,770	830	935	225	75	145
Métis	570	270	300	180	90	90
Inuk (Inuit)	45	25	20	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	30	10	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	45	15	30	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	42,450	20,525	21,925	13,005	6,380	6,625
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	44,900	21,675	23,230	13,430	6,560	6,870
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,490	680	810	225	70	155
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	43,405	20,995	22,415	13,200	6,485	6,715
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	44,900	21,675	23,230	13,430	6,555	6,870
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	835	420	420	75	40	30
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	835	420	420	75	40	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	790	400	390	50	25	25
Métis single ancestry	40	15	25	25	15	0
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,540	1,110	1,430	525	220	310
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,485	1,095	1,390	520	215	305
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,765	785	980	350	140	215
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	665	290	375	170	80	95
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	25	30	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	55	15	40	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	15	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	41,525	20,145	21,375	12,830	6,300	6,530
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	44,900	21,675	23,225	13,430	6,560	6,870
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,635	830	800	620	315	310
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	245	110	130	240	130	110
Chinese	135	55	85	65	40	25
Black	830	485	345	80	60	25
Filipino	145	70	75	55	15	35
Latin American	70	25	45	25	10	20
Arab	75	35	45	45	20	20
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	55	20	30	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	30	15	15	50	15	35
Korean	15	10	0	30	15	15
Japanese	20	0	15	25	10	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	15	10	10	10	0	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	43,270	20,845	22,425	12,805	6,240	6,560
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	44,905	21,675	23,230	13,425	6,560	6,865
North American Aboriginal origins	3,380	1,530	1,855	595	255	340
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,605	1,195	1,415	400	165	235
Inuit	70	35	35	10	10	0
Métis	755	310	445	195	90	100
Other North American origins	20,885	10,035	10,850	4,295	2,025	2,275
Acadian	750	345	405	15	15	10
American	310	160	155	155	95	60
Canadian	20,070	9,645	10,425	4,205	1,975	2,235
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	40	30	10	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	95	45	45	10	10	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	25	15	0
Québécois	10	10	0	30	15	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	30,630	14,635	15,985	10,855	5,275	5,575
British Isles origins	26,915	12,870	14,045	8,730	4,240	4,490
Channel Islander	0	0	0	10	10	10
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	13,360	6,375	6,985	5,335	2,620	2,720
Irish	9,595	4,380	5,220	3,495	1,685	1,810
Manx	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	16,175	7,775	8,400	4,125	1,980	2,145
Welsh	670	300	375	405	220	185
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	840	325	510	350	220	130
French origins	5,520	2,585	2,935	1,470	710	760
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	5,520	2,585	2,935	1,465	710	755
Western European origins (except French origins)	5,440	2,515	2,930	3,510	1,745	1,765
Austrian	100	50	45	80	45	35
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	130	45	85	55	35	25
Dutch	1,670	760	910	735	400	330
Flemish	10	10	10	30	15	10
Frisian	10	0	10	0	0	0
German	3,825	1,775	2,050	2,795	1,335	1,460
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	195	80	115	80	25	60
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	845	365	485	300	120	180
Danish	265	130	140	50	10	35
Finnish	65	25	40	80	30	50
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Norwegian	220	100	125	65	30	40
Swedish	225	80	150	85	35	50
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	110	55	55	15	10	0
Eastern European origins	1,070	495	570	1,195	600	590
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Czech	40	35	10	55	25	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	20	10	10	25	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Hungarian	95	25	60	210	100	110
Latvian	45	20	25	10	10	0
Lithuanian	40	10	30	10	0	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	395	205	185	430	200	230
Romanian	30	0	20	55	35	25
Russian	150	60	95	120	55	65
Slovak	30	15	10	60	25	40
Ukrainian	360	185	175	330	195	130
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	890	435	455	825	370	460
Albanian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	35	10	20	20	10	10
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	45	25	25	40	30	15
Italian	500	250	255	530	235	290
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maltese	20	15	0	20	10	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	105	50	55	125	55	70
Serbian	15	0	15	20	15	10
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Spanish	155	75	75	65	20	45
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	10	15	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	105	60	45	45	15	35
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	35	25	10	35	15	20
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	75	40	30	10	0	10
Caribbean origins	150	85	60	75	55	15
Antiguan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	10	0	10	10	10	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	20	15	10
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	80	55	30	35	30	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	10	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	25	20	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	125	60	60	70	35	40
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombian	20	15	10	10	10	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	15	0	20	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	15	10	0	20	10	15
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	50	25	25	25	15	10
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	10	0	0	0
African origins	685	325	365	50	35	15
Central and West African origins	50	25	25	10	10	0
Akan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	10	10	10	10	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	60	10	50	0	10	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	0	25	0	10	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	30	10	15	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	60	30	30	20	15	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	0	15	0	0	0
South African	15	15	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	520	255	265	20	15	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	120	55	70	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	405	210	195	20	10	10
Asian origins	1,025	500	530	600	310	290
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	320	165	150	215	115	95
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	15	0	15	20	10	10
Armenian	15	10	10	55	35	15
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	35	10	25	60	15	45
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	10	10	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	200	115	80	0	10	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	15	10	0
Saudi Arabian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Syrian	25	10	15	45	25	25
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	25	10	10	10	10	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	275	140	135	245	135	110
Bangladeshi	25	0	15	30	10	20
Bengali	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bhutanese	15	0	10	0	0	0
East Indian	185	100	85	175	95	80
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	20	15	0	30	20	10
Punjabi	30	15	20	0	0	10
Sinhalese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	375	170	205	185	85	90
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	205	90	115	85	45	40
Filipino	115	60	55	30	20	15
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Japanese	20	0	20	20	10	15
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	15	15	30	15	15
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	50	20	35	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	55	20	35	0	0	0
Oceania origins	55	20	35	15	10	10
Australian	35	15	20	10	10	10
New Zealander	20	0	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
Owner	13,650	...	...	4,785	...	...
Renter	6,190	...	...	1,245	...	...
Band housing	255	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
Condominium	280	...	...	410	...	...
Not condominium	19,815	...	...	5,615	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	25	...	...
1 bedroom	2,195	...	...	320	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,805	...	...	1,145	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,735	...	...	2,560	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,330	...	...	1,980	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,735	...	...	850	...	...
5 rooms	3,475	...	...	760	...	...
6 rooms	3,220	...	...	855	...	...
7 rooms	2,835	...	...	980	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,835	...	...	2,590	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
One person or fewer per room	20,005	...	...	6,015	...	...
More than 1 person per room	95	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
Suitable	19,640	...	...	5,940	...	...
Not suitable	460	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
1960 or before	5,330	...	...	1,105	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,750	...	...	2,065	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,055	...	...	710	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,580	...	...	550	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,110	...	...	385	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,375	...	...	700	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	895	...	...	520	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	18,305	...	...	5,780	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,790	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
1 household maintainer	12,300	...	...	3,665	...	...
2 household maintainers	7,560	...	...	2,310	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	230	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	20,095	...	...	6,025	...	...
15 to 24 years	640	...	...	95	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,265	...	...	820	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,985	...	...	785	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,800	...	...	850	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,315	...	...	1,460	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,445	...	...	1,195	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,965	...	...	615	...	...
85 years and over	670	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	19,585	...	...	5,955	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	15,500	...	...	4,880	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,080	...	...	1,075	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,670	...	...	950	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,445	...	...	4,730	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	52.3	...	...	49.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.0	...	...	11.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	733	...	...	891	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	854	...	...	1,195	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	160,619	...	...	323,826	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	183,530	...	...	366,693	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,170	...	...	1,240	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.3	...	...	16.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	44.4	...	...	43.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	748	...	...	904	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	776	...	...	935	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	37,965	18,195	19,770	11,460	5,565	5,890
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,115	4,370	3,745	1,550	695	860
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	10,325	5,125	5,205	2,810	1,245	1,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,525	8,695	10,825	7,095	3,630	3,465
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,820	2,770	1,050	1,115	880	240
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,145	1,325	820	370	240	130
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,675	1,445	230	745	640	105
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	8,685	3,015	5,665	3,400	1,490	1,905
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	815	265	550	280	135	145
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,200	2,640	3,560	2,300	1,130	1,175
Bachelor's degree	4,065	1,650	2,415	1,740	900	845
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	375	160	220	140	50	90
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	215	105	105	40	25	15
Master's degree	1,400	625	775	355	130	220
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	145	100	45	30	25	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	23,770	11,395	12,370	7,105	3,475	3,630
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,175	1,910	1,265	495	220	275
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	6,380	3,250	3,135	1,515	705	810
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,215	6,240	7,975	5,100	2,550	2,550
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,575	1,915	650	660	515	145
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,405	880	520	205	130	85
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,165	1,035	135	455	390	65
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	6,405	2,285	4,120	2,545	1,155	1,395
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	540	165	375	175	80	95
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,695	1,865	2,830	1,710	795	915
Bachelor's degree	3,135	1,250	1,890	1,320	670	655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	265	100	170	85	25	60
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	75	105	30	15	15
Master's degree	1,020	390	630	260	75	185
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	90	55	35	20	15	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	37,960	18,195	19,770	11,455	5,570	5,890
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	18,435	9,495	8,945	4,365	1,935	2,425
Education	1,900	525	1,370	455	135	320
13. Education	1,895	525	1,370	450	130	320
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	335	170	165	190	70	120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	60	15	20	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	255	110	150	170	50	115
Humanities	730	295	435	300	105	190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	50	0	50	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	130	35	95	70	15	50
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	170	70	95	95	35	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	20	15	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	70	75	45	20	25
54. History	150	80	65	55	20	30
55. French language and literature/letters	35	0	35	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,715	405	1,310	515	135	375
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	40	30	70	25	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	580	30	550	80	10	75
22. Legal professions and studies	330	45	280	60	10	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	25	0	25	0	0	10
42. Psychology	275	70	205	85	20	65
45. Social sciences	420	215	200	210	70	140
Business, management and public administration	3,915	990	2,920	1,040	280	755
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	10	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	435	100	335	70	10	55
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,475	890	2,585	970	275	700
Physical and life sciences and technologies	585	295	285	335	230	110
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	235	95	140	100	30	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	80	75	60	35	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	135	115	20	75	75	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	40	100	85	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	585	330	255	130	70	60
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	480	290	185	95	60	35
25. Library science	40	0	40	30	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	40	15	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,840	3,650	190	2,430	2,195	235
04. Architecture and related services	50	25	20	35	25	15
14. Engineering	340	290	55	620	515	105
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	605	535	75	640	565	75
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,050	1,050	10	390	390	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,335	1,310	25	525	495	25
48. Precision production	450	445	0	220	205	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,080	645	435	125	70	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	730	365	370	55	30	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	350	285	70	70	40	25
Health and related fields	3,165	425	2,745	1,105	145	960
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	160	95	65	105	60	45
51. Health professions and related programs	2,960	285	2,670	1,000	90	910
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	50	45	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,680	965	715	475	195	275
12. Personal and culinary services	830	245	590	255	30	220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	305	205	95	145	95	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	495	470	25	70	75	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	23,770	11,395	12,375	7,105	3,475	3,630
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	9,550	5,160	4,395	2,005	925	1,080
Education	1,275	305	975	265	65	205
13. Education	1,275	300	975	270	70	200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	240	115	125	125	45	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	35	10	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	185	70	115	120	40	80
Humanities	495	195	300	195	45	150
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25	10	25	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	85	20	70	45	0	50
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	135	55	85	60	25	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	15	20	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	35	25	20	10	15
54. History	115	60	50	35	15	25
55. French language and literature/letters	30	0	25	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,395	305	1,085	375	90	290
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	55	35	25	55	20	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	465	20	435	65	10	60
22. Legal professions and studies	300	30	265	40	0	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	20	0	20	0	0	0
42. Psychology	215	50	165	70	10	60
45. Social sciences	335	170	165	130	40	90
Business, management and public administration	2,765	710	2,060	785	210	580
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	365	85	285	60	10	45
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,395	625	1,775	725	200	530
Physical and life sciences and technologies	420	210	205	260	180	75
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	190	80	110	60	20	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	50	60	45	20	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	0	15	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	90	75	10	70	70	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	15	85	70	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	490	285	200	105	60	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	425	265	165	75	50	25
25. Library science	25	0	25	20	10	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	15	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,800	2,635	165	1,760	1,560	205
04. Architecture and related services	30	10	20	30	15	15
14. Engineering	255	210	45	480	385	95
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	450	375	75	515	450	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	785	785	0	240	235	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	985	960	20	340	325	15
48. Precision production	300	295	10	155	150	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	825	465	355	100	55	50
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	545	255	295	40	25	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	210	65	60	30	25
Health and related fields	2,275	315	1,960	780	110	670
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	115	65	50	95	55	40
51. Health professions and related programs	2,120	215	1,905	685	55	630
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	40	35	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,240	705	535	340	130	205
12. Personal and culinary services	630	190	445	175	20	160
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	10	0
43. Security and protective services	245	170	80	125	75	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	350	335	15	40	40	0
Other	0	0	0	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	37,965	18,195	19,770	11,455	5,565	5,890
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,440	9,490	8,945	4,360	1,935	2,430
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	19,525	8,700	10,825	7,095	3,630	3,460
Location of study inside Canada	18,540	8,210	10,325	6,465	3,280	3,185
Same as province or territory of residence	14,615	6,185	8,430	6,155	3,110	3,045
Different than province or territory of residence	3,920	2,030	1,895	310	170	140
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	985	485	500	625	355	275
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	390	210	180	130	55	70
Philippines	55	15	45	15	10	10
India	50	25	25	50	15	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	195	110	90	210	135	70
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	0	15	10	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	285	115	160	215	125	90
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	23,765	11,395	12,375	7,105	3,475	3,630
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,555	5,155	4,395	2,005	930	1,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	14,215	6,235	7,975	5,100	2,550	2,550
Location of study inside Canada	13,525	5,950	7,575	4,715	2,365	2,350
Same as province or territory of residence	10,780	4,565	6,215	4,500	2,250	2,250
Different than province or territory of residence	2,745	1,390	1,360	210	115	95
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	690	285	400	380	185	195
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	250	100	150	90	35	60
Philippines	50	15	30	10	0	10
India	30	20	15	55	20	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	140	65	70	75	45	30
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	10	0	15	10	0
France	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other	220	90	130	145	75	65
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	37,960	18,190	19,770	11,460	5,570	5,890
In the labour force	22,905	11,695	11,205	6,450	3,435	3,015
Employed	20,820	10,450	10,370	6,015	3,215	2,805
Unemployed	2,085	1,250	835	435	215	210
Not in the labour force	15,060	6,495	8,565	5,005	2,135	2,875
Participation rate	60.3	64.3	56.7	56.3	61.7	51.2
Employment rate	54.8	57.4	52.5	52.5	57.7	47.6
Unemployment rate	9.1	10.7	7.5	6.7	6.3	7.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	37,960	18,195	19,770	11,460	5,570	5,890
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	13,735	5,875	7,860	4,480	1,835	2,640
Worked	24,230	12,320	11,910	6,980	3,730	3,250
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	12,865	7,000	5,860	3,485	2,120	1,355
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	11,365	5,315	6,050	3,495	1,605	1,890
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.6	42.2	42.8	43.7	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	22,905	11,695	11,205	6,450	3,430	3,015
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	355	175	185	60	30	25
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	22,545	11,520	11,020	6,390	3,400	2,990
Employee	20,385	10,230	10,155	5,620	2,995	2,630
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,160	1,290	870	770	410	360
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	22,905	11,695	11,205	6,445	3,430	3,020
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	360	175	185	55	35	30
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	22,545	11,520	11,025	6,390	3,400	2,990
0 Management occupations	2,050	1,205	840	635	375	260
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,095	910	2,180	765	190	570
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,030	795	235	580	435	145
3 Health occupations	1,665	235	1,425	465	50	415
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,815	855	1,965	595	190	400
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	475	190	280	155	60	100
6 Sales and service occupations	5,240	2,000	3,235	1,550	605	945
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,025	3,785	230	855	785	75
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	845	700	145	80	85	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,300	835	470	710	630	75
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	22,900	11,695	11,210	6,450	3,430	3,015
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	360	175	185	60	30	30
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	22,540	11,520	11,020	6,390	3,400	2,990
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,020	755	260	120	80	40
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	210	195	10	20	25	0
22 Utilities	85	50	30	1,740	1,320	420
23 Construction	1,545	1,385	165	445	395	55
31-33 Manufacturing	2,225	1,505	725	170	100	65
41 Wholesale trade	1,045	760	285	75	50	30
44-45 Retail trade	3,185	1,450	1,730	795	310	490
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,190	930	255	115	65	50
51 Information and cultural industries	255	155	100	105	50	60
52 Finance and insurance	435	190	245	110	30	80
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	210	115	90	90	45	45
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	830	380	445	285	165	115
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	810	540	265	130	65	70
61 Educational services	1,820	590	1,230	325	75	250
62 Health care and social assistance	2,950	455	2,490	620	55	570
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	415	190	225	145	70	75
72 Accommodation and food services	1,490	485	1,010	550	235	320
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,080	530	550	280	135	145
91 Public administration	1,735	845	890	255	145	105
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	20,820	10,450	10,375	6,015	3,215	2,805
Worked at home	1,475	740	740	325	150	175
Worked outside Canada	55	40	20	10	10	10
No fixed workplace address	2,550	1,895	660	500	340	155
Worked at usual place	16,730	7,785	8,950	5,180	2,715	2,465
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	16,730	7,785	8,950	5,185	2,720	2,470
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,370	2,995	3,380	2,350	915	1,435
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,750	3,225	4,530	2,150	1,545	605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,370	1,400	970	660	255	410
Commute to a different province or territory	240	170	75	30	10	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	19,280	9,675	9,610	5,680	3,055	2,620
Car, truck, van - as a driver	16,560	8,405	8,155	4,775	2,625	2,150
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,350	595	755	240	100	145
Public transit	90	50	40	85	30	50
Walked	990	450	540	420	200	220
Bicycle	75	50	25	105	70	35
Other method	220	115	105	50	35	25
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	19,280	9,675	9,610	5,680	3,060	2,625
Less than 15 minutes	8,715	3,970	4,750	2,260	910	1,345
15 to 29 minutes	6,255	2,905	3,345	1,550	1,040	505
30 to 44 minutes	1,775	1,115	665	1,335	845	490
45 to 59 minutes	1,095	675	415	415	175	240
60 minutes and over	1,445	1,010	430	125	80	40
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	19,280	9,670	9,610	5,680	3,060	2,625
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,395	990	410	490	390	100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,470	1,920	1,555	1,390	1,005	380
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,955	3,105	2,850	1,440	715	730
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,780	1,385	2,400	1,140	370	770
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,590	520	1,070	545	185	360
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,090	1,755	1,335	670	395	285
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	24,920	12,640	12,275	7,190	3,835	3,355
Single responses	24,850	12,615	12,230	7,190	3,835	3,350
Official languages	24,830	12,605	12,230	7,185	3,840	3,350
English	24,700	12,595	12,105	7,175	3,840	3,340
French	135	10	120	15	0	15
Non-official languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	10	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	25	45	0	0	0
English and French	50	15	35	0	0	0
English and non-official language	25	10	15	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	24,915	12,640	12,275	7,190	3,835	3,350
None	24,475	12,460	12,015	7,080	3,800	3,280
English	85	15	70	15	0	15
French	270	135	140	70	30	40
Non-official language	75	30	45	25	10	20
Aboriginal	35	20	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	40	10	30	25	10	20
English and French	10	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	44,505	21,470	23,030	13,275	6,490	6,775
Non-movers	39,055	18,840	20,210	11,690	5,680	6,010
Movers	5,455	2,630	2,825	1,585	815	770
Non-migrants	2,980	1,450	1,530	790	425	370
Migrants	2,480	1,180	1,300	795	395	400
Internal migrants	2,295	1,065	1,230	725	360	365
Intraprovincial migrants	1,710	785	920	700	355	345
Interprovincial migrants	585	285	305	30	10	20
External migrants	180	110	65	65	30	35
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	42,830	20,705	22,130	12,700	6,240	6,460
Non-movers	28,330	13,855	14,475	8,240	4,020	4,220
Movers	14,505	6,855	7,655	4,460	2,220	2,240
Non-migrants	7,850	3,750	4,105	2,040	1,035	1,010
Migrants	6,655	3,105	3,550	2,420	1,185	1,235
Internal migrants	6,075	2,790	3,285	2,280	1,110	1,170
Intraprovincial migrants	4,435	2,010	2,425	2,195	1,070	1,125
Interprovincial migrants	1,640	775	865	85	40	50
External migrants	585	315	270	135	75	60

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia and Saugeen Shores, T [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia and Saugeen Shores, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia and Saugeen Shores, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Truro [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia and Saugeen Shores, Town [Census subdivision], Ontario