Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cape Breton [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia and De Salaberry, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Cape Breton Nova Scotia [Census agglomeration]			De Salaberry, RM Manitoba [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Cape Breton [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia Map : Cape Breton [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia Change geography 1			Data quality : De Salaberry, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	98,722	...	...	3,580	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	101,619	...	...	3,450	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-2.9	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	47,205	...	...	1,231	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	43,081	...	...	1,102	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	40.0	...	...	5.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,467.74	...	...	671.02	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	98,720	46,770	51,950	3,580	1,805	1,770
0 to 14 years	13,780	6,995	6,785	810	420	390
0 to 4 years	4,175	2,055	2,120	280	140	145
5 to 9 years	4,740	2,475	2,270	265	145	120
10 to 14 years	4,860	2,465	2,390	265	135	130
15 to 64 years	62,395	29,865	32,535	2,320	1,150	1,170
15 to 19 years	5,410	2,770	2,645	240	105	130
20 to 24 years	5,625	2,855	2,775	235	110	125
25 to 29 years	4,905	2,435	2,475	205	110	95
30 to 34 years	4,670	2,210	2,460	245	120	125
35 to 39 years	4,805	2,155	2,655	215	120	95
40 to 44 years	5,490	2,520	2,970	215	115	100
45 to 49 years	6,125	2,905	3,225	205	100	105
50 to 54 years	7,930	3,645	4,290	255	120	135
55 to 59 years	8,800	4,155	4,650	265	140	130
60 to 64 years	8,625	4,225	4,400	230	110	125
65 years and over	22,545	9,910	12,635	455	240	210
65 to 69 years	7,610	3,670	3,940	170	95	70
70 to 74 years	5,385	2,470	2,915	120	60	60
75 to 79 years	4,020	1,795	2,225	70	40	30
80 to 84 years	2,800	1,125	1,675	50	20	30
85 years and over	2,730	850	1,880	45	25	30
85 to 89 years	1,650	570	1,080	25	15	15
90 to 94 years	810	230	575	15	5	10
95 to 99 years	235	50	185	5	5	0
100 years and over	40	0	40	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0	15.0	13.1	22.6	23.3	22.0
15 to 64 years	63.2	63.9	62.6	64.8	63.7	66.1
65 years and over	22.8	21.2	24.3	12.7	13.3	11.9
85 years and over	2.8	1.8	3.6	1.3	1.4	1.7
Average age of the population	45.3	44.0	46.4	37.2	37.2	37.1
Median age of the population	48.9	47.6	50.0	36.1	36.4	35.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	43,080	...	...	1,105	...	...
Single-detached house	31,645	...	...	1,000	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	210	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	9,980	...	...	60	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,880	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	740	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,920	...	...	20	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,370	...	...	25	...	...
Other single-attached house	75	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,240	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	43,080	...	...	1,105	...	...
1 person	13,395	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	15,895	...	...	445	...	...
3 persons	6,870	...	...	170	...	...
4 persons	4,520	...	...	165	...	...
5 or more persons	2,400	...	...	150	...	...
Number of persons in private households	96,990	...	...	3,065	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	84,940	39,780	45,170	2,770	1,390	1,385
Married or living common law	43,810	21,885	21,920	1,905	965	940
Married	36,870	18,415	18,455	1,730	875	850
Living common law	6,935	3,465	3,470	175	85	90
Not married and not living common law	41,135	17,890	23,245	865	425	440
Never married	25,000	12,835	12,165	650	340	310
Separated	3,125	1,240	1,885	40	25	15
Divorced	5,605	2,265	3,340	75	35	35
Widowed	7,410	1,545	5,860	100	25	80
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	29,020	...	...	915	...	...
2 persons	16,700	...	...	460	...	...
3 persons	6,690	...	...	170	...	...
4 persons	4,040	...	...	150	...	...
5 or more persons	1,590	...	...	140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	29,020	...	...	915	...	...
Total couple families	21,530	...	...	850	...	...
Married couples	18,065	...	...	760	...	...
Common-law couples	3,465	...	...	90	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	7,485	...	...	65	...	...
Female parent	6,185	...	...	45	...	...
Male parent	1,305	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	21,535	...	...	845	...	...
Couples without children	12,135	...	...	425	...	...
Couples with children	9,400	...	...	425	...	...
1 child	4,660	...	...	145	...	...
2 children	3,385	...	...	140	...	...
3 or more children	1,355	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	7,485	...	...	70	...	...
1 child	4,565	...	...	35	...	...
2 children	2,030	...	...	20	...	...
3 or more children	890	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,870	8,480	10,390	290	165	130
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	43,085	...	...	1,100	...	...
One-census-family households	27,435	...	...	900	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	11,615	...	...	415	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	15,820	...	...	485	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	780	...	...	10	...	...
Non-census-family households	14,865	...	...	190	...	...
One-person households	13,395	...	...	175	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,470	...	...	20	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	97,250	46,245	51,000	3,535	1,790	1,750
English only	93,215	44,560	48,655	1,955	975	980
French only	15	10	5	30	15	15
English and French	3,950	1,645	2,300	1,520	785	740
Neither English nor French	70	35	35	25	15	15
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	97,250	46,250	51,000	3,535	1,790	1,750
English	96,445	45,880	50,565	2,350	1,165	1,185
French	675	300	375	1,135	595	540
English and French	70	40	35	20	10	10
Neither English nor French	55	25	30	25	15	10
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	710	320	385	1,145	600	545
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.7	0.7	0.8	32.4	33.5	31.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	97,245	46,250	51,000	3,540	1,790	1,750
Single responses	96,785	46,030	50,760	3,445	1,740	1,705
Official languages	92,625	43,995	48,630	2,645	1,345	1,295
English	91,860	43,665	48,200	1,500	745	750
French	765	335	430	1,145	600	545
Non-official languages	4,165	2,035	2,125	805	390	410
Aboriginal languages	2,670	1,245	1,425	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	2,665	1,240	1,420	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,660	1,240	1,415	0	0	0
Malecite	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	2,655	1,240	1,415	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,490	790	700	805	390	410
Afro-Asiatic languages	155	105	45	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	155	110	45	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Arabic	150	100	45	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	30	45	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	5	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	25	40	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	15	5	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	10	0	5	0	5
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	650	320	330	770	375	390
Albanian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	45	70	50	25	25
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	110	40	70	50	25	25
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	40	15	25	5	0	5
Russian	10	5	10	25	10	10
Serbian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	15	20	20	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	40	20	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	35	15	25	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	155	75	80	700	345	360
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	50	25	25	5	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	80	35	40	690	340	350
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Greek	50	30	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	100	65	0	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	150	95	55	5	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	90	55	35	0	5	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	55	65	10	5	5
Catalan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	60	30	25	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	45	20	25	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	20	20	15	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	450	260	200	0	5	0
Chinese languages	455	260	200	0	5	0
Cantonese	55	30	25	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	330	190	145	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	40	25	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	0	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	465	220	240	90	45	45
English and French	165	75	90	60	35	30
English and non-official language	290	140	150	25	15	10
French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	97,250	46,250	51,000	3,535	1,790	1,750
Single responses	96,695	45,985	50,710	3,420	1,730	1,685
Official languages	94,130	44,670	49,460	2,920	1,490	1,430
English	93,925	44,575	49,350	2,115	1,075	1,035
French	205	95	110	805	415	390
Non-official languages	2,565	1,315	1,250	505	245	260
Aboriginal languages	1,845	905	940	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	1,840	905	940	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	1,845	905	940	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	1,840	905	935	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	720	405	315	505	245	260
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	60	35	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	100	65	35	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	100	65	40	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	205	105	100	490	240	250
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	10	15	10	10
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	15	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	5	0	5	0
Russian	10	5	5	10	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	10	470	230	245
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	10	10	465	225	235
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	90	50	40	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	10	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	70	40	30	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	10	20	0	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	10	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	0	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	320	185	135	5	0	0
Chinese languages	320	185	135	0	5	0
Cantonese	30	20	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	245	140	105	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	30	15	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	555	270	285	110	55	60
English and French	90	35	50	40	25	15
English and non-official language	465	230	235	75	35	35
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	97,245	46,250	51,000	3,540	1,790	1,750
None	93,365	44,460	48,905	2,255	1,140	1,120
English	1,455	730	720	740	365	370
French	655	265	390	390	205	185
Non-official language	1,745	780	960	150	80	70
Aboriginal	1,225	540	690	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	515	245	275	150	80	70
English and French	5	5	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	5	15	0	0	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	83,215	39,165	44,050	2,395	1,205	1,185
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	79,750	37,475	42,275	2,315	1,170	1,140
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,457	33,172	24,730	35,507	43,563	28,928
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	79,770	37,475	42,295	2,310	1,170	1,145
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,310	29,936	23,474	31,296	37,461	26,336
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	64,445	31,255	33,190	2,185	1,130	1,060
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,902	28,914	21,865	32,480	41,280	25,493
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	66,275	30,005	36,270	1,565	705	850
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	10,022	10,757	9,441	4,828	3,304	5,264
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	50,075	24,525	25,550	1,895	995	900
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,768	30,519	23,951	33,189	42,475	26,304
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	83,220	39,170	44,050	2,450	1,240	1,200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	79,585	37,325	42,260	2,360	1,200	1,160
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,566	42,360	31,449	39,642	46,479	32,586
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	79,595	37,325	42,270	2,365	1,200	1,165
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,008	35,077	27,414	33,300	38,470	27,983
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	64,365	31,185	33,185	2,210	1,145	1,070
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,330	40,031	28,973	37,617	44,645	30,090
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	65,965	29,810	36,160	1,575	740	840
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	10,617	11,163	10,166	6,678	6,439	6,889
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	50,080	24,555	25,520	1,920	1,020	895
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,851	41,554	30,364	36,826	42,624	30,218
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	83,220	39,165	44,050	2,450	1,240	1,205
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	19,770	9,485	10,285	975	595	380
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	45,036	51,067	41,931	47,228	49,297	40,122
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	53,038	58,434	48,064	50,368	54,666	43,647
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	76.1	79.0	72.7	88.6	91.6	83.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	61.4	64.0	58.3	76.5	80.0	72.5
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	23.9	21.0	27.3	11.4	8.3	15.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	83,215	39,170	44,050	2,390	1,205	1,185
Without total income	3,465	1,690	1,775	80	35	45
With total income	79,755	37,475	42,280	2,310	1,170	1,145
Percentage with total income	95.8	95.7	96.0	96.7	97.1	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,900	5,150	6,745	260	105	155
$10,000 to $19,999	15,635	5,745	9,895	340	110	230
$20,000 to $29,999	14,195	6,085	8,110	365	150	210
$30,000 to $39,999	11,105	5,235	5,870	345	165	185
$40,000 to $49,999	8,065	3,905	4,165	305	165	140
$50,000 to $59,999	5,480	3,000	2,480	205	140	60
$60,000 to $69,999	3,660	2,290	1,375	175	120	55
$70,000 to $79,999	2,840	1,625	1,215	120	80	40
$80,000 to $89,999	2,310	1,225	1,085	80	45	35
$90,000 to $99,999	1,420	850	570	35	25	10
$100,000 and over	3,140	2,375	765	80	65	15
$100,000 to $149,999	2,355	1,725	635	60	50	10
$150,000 and over	785	650	135	20	15	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	83,220	39,165	44,045	2,390	1,205	1,190
Without after-tax income	3,450	1,695	1,760	75	35	45
With after-tax income	79,770	37,475	42,295	2,315	1,170	1,145
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.7	96.0	96.9	97.1	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,215	5,220	7,000	270	105	160
$10,000 to $19,999	16,550	6,190	10,360	370	130	240
$20,000 to $29,999	16,790	7,370	9,420	455	190	260
$30,000 to $39,999	12,870	6,160	6,710	415	205	205
$40,000 to $49,999	8,245	4,430	3,815	345	230	115
$50,000 to $59,999	5,015	3,060	1,955	230	155	80
$60,000 to $69,999	3,515	1,875	1,645	115	70	50
$70,000 to $79,999	1,940	1,215	725	60	45	15
$80,000 and over	2,630	1,955	670	65	50	15
$80,000 to $89,999	990	685	305	35	20	15
$90,000 to $99,999	545	410	135	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	1,090	865	230	20	15	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	83,215	39,165	44,050	2,390	1,205	1,185
Without employment income	33,140	14,645	18,495	495	210	280
With employment income	50,080	24,525	25,555	1,900	995	905
Percentage with employment income	60.2	62.6	58.0	79.5	82.6	76.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,895	3,070	3,830	215	95	120
$5,000 to $9,999	4,830	2,045	2,785	125	45	80
$10,000 to $19,999	8,370	3,815	4,560	245	100	145
$20,000 to $29,999	7,025	3,185	3,840	290	120	165
$30,000 to $39,999	5,745	2,535	3,215	230	110	120
$40,000 to $49,999	4,335	2,025	2,305	230	135	90
$50,000 to $59,999	3,430	1,920	1,505	175	120	55
$60,000 to $69,999	2,370	1,485	885	160	115	50
$70,000 to $79,999	1,950	1,080	870	90	60	30
$80,000 and over	5,125	3,365	1,755	145	105	40
$80,000 to $89,999	1,840	905	935	65	35	25
$90,000 to $99,999	1,060	680	380	25	20	5
$100,000 and over	2,225	1,780	440	60	50	5
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	43,080	...	...	1,105	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	52,914	...	...	76,698	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	47,624	...	...	66,487	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	13,395	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,157	...	...	38,784	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,046	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	29,685	...	...	930	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,190	...	...	85,184	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	61,998	...	...	73,244	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	43,080	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,549	...	...	84,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,288	...	...	71,487	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,395	...	...	165	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,942	...	...	40,127	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,170	...	...	34,443	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	29,685	...	...	940	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,711	...	...	92,711	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,974	...	...	77,891	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	43,080	...	...	1,105	...	...
Under $5,000	670	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,165	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,765	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,715	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,830	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,265	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,535	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,425	...	...	45	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,195	...	...	55	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,900	...	...	45	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,545	...	...	85	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,005	...	...	110	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,660	...	...	95	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,340	...	...	95	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,860	...	...	75	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,205	...	...	355	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,585	...	...	165	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,260	...	...	85	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,215	...	...	70	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,145	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	43,085	...	...	1,100	...	...
Under $5,000	690	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,170	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,785	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,855	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,130	...	...	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,595	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,910	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,745	...	...	60	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,380	...	...	55	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,290	...	...	55	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,135	...	...	130	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,490	...	...	115	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,820	...	...	110	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,315	...	...	125	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,800	...	...	75	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,965	...	...	210	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,115	...	...	125	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,515	...	...	45	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,335	...	...	40	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	28,775	...	...	915	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,156	...	...	85,120	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	61,967	...	...	73,216	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	11,270	...	...	400	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,641	...	...	72,576	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	58,786	...	...	62,912	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	9,665	...	...	425	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,164	...	...	101,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	87,125	...	...	85,632	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,880	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,028	...	...	59,008	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	40,768	...	...	50,816	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	28,770	...	...	925	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,775	...	...	92,296	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	69,994	...	...	77,514	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	11,290	...	...	410	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,159	...	...	84,061	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,632	...	...	69,151	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	9,670	...	...	420	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,279	...	...	105,308	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,436	...	...	89,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,875	...	...	75	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,975	...	...	70,730	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,869	...	...	63,007	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	16,190	7,380	8,810	225	135	90
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,545	26,325	23,667	35,200	38,976	29,184
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,563	24,538	23,146	31,296	32,608	26,368
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	16,115	7,345	8,765	210	110	95
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,812	35,074	30,916	38,477	41,756	34,672
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	28,200	29,466	27,138	33,016	35,096	30,602
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	96,990	46,160	50,825	3,065	1,555	1,510
In the bottom half of the distribution	59,690	27,450	32,240	1,700	860	835
In the bottom decile	13,985	6,350	7,640	170	85	85
In the second decile	13,430	5,760	7,670	330	165	165
In the third decile	11,635	5,420	6,215	350	190	165
In the fourth decile	10,845	5,145	5,700	390	200	190
In the fifth decile	9,795	4,780	5,015	460	225	240
In the top half of the distribution	37,295	18,710	18,590	1,365	690	670
In the sixth decile	9,485	4,650	4,840	340	175	170
In the seventh decile	8,635	4,345	4,285	345	175	165
In the eighth decile	8,285	4,105	4,185	345	170	175
In the ninth decile	6,815	3,510	3,305	225	120	110
In the top decile	4,075	2,105	1,975	105	60	50
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	92,555	44,045	48,510	3,060	1,555	1,505
0 to 17 years	15,270	7,760	7,505	795	405	385
0 to 5 years	4,405	2,195	2,210	270	140	130
18 to 64 years	56,230	26,830	29,395	1,905	955	955
65 years and over	21,060	9,450	11,605	365	195	165
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	18,245	7,985	10,265	355	180	175
0 to 17 years	4,465	2,345	2,120	115	55	60
0 to 5 years	1,575	830	745	50	25	20
18 to 64 years	9,805	4,255	5,550	190	95	95
65 years and over	3,980	1,385	2,595	45	20	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.7	18.1	21.2	11.6	11.6	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	29.2	30.2	28.2	14.5	13.6	15.6
0 to 5 years (%)	35.8	37.8	33.7	18.5	17.9	15.4
18 to 64 years (%)	17.4	15.9	18.9	10.0	9.9	9.9
65 years and over (%)	18.9	14.7	22.4	12.3	10.3	15.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,650	3,680	3,970	85	45	40
0 to 17 years	1,910	1,015	890	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	690	370	315	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	5,405	2,540	2,860	70	40	35
65 years and over	335	120	220	10	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.3	8.4	8.2	2.8	2.9	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.5	13.1	11.9	1.3	1.2	1.3
0 to 5 years (%)	15.7	16.9	14.3	0.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.5	9.7	3.7	4.2	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9	2.7	2.6	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	96,990	46,160	50,830	3,065	1,590	1,470
Official languages	96,955	46,140	50,815	3,060	1,590	1,470
English	96,930	46,130	50,805	3,035	1,580	1,455
French	3,960	1,710	2,250	1,565	835	730
Non-official languages	5,500	2,615	2,885	435	210	230
Aboriginal languages	3,465	1,645	1,820	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	3,460	1,645	1,820	0	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	10	0	10	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,450	1,635	1,815	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,445	1,630	1,815	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,045	980	1,060	425	210	215
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	75	95	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	165	75	95	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	160	75	85	10	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	50	70	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	50	65	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	20	10	15	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	15	0	15	0	10
Tamil	15	0	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,015	500	520	355	180	180
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	145	55	95	15	10	15
Baltic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Latvian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	130	50	80	20	10	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	25	25	0	0	0
Russian	25	10	10	20	0	10
Serbian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	0	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	165	70	95	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	160	70	90	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	255	135	120	335	170	165
Afrikaans	0	0	10	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	55	40	15	10	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
German	195	95	100	320	160	165
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	60	35	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	145	95	50	0	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	135	90	45	10	10	10
Bengali	15	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	40	35	10	10	0	0
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	25	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	70	45	30	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	265	125	150	40	20	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	175	80	100	45	15	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	55	30	25	35	15	20
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	10	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	10	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	65	10	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	35	10	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	10	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	500	260	240	10	0	10
Chinese languages	500	260	240	0	10	10
Cantonese	80	30	50	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	390	210	185	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	20	30	10	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	96,990	46,160	50,830	3,065	1,590	1,475
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	95,675	45,480	50,195	2,960	1,545	1,415
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,060	8,735	8,330	725	400	330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,615	36,745	41,865	2,235	1,150	1,085
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,315	680	635	105	45	55
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	96,990	46,160	50,825	3,065	1,595	1,470
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	94,540	44,905	49,630	2,830	1,485	1,345
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,735	900	835	190	85	105
Before 1981	945	465	475	55	20	35
1981 to 1990	150	80	65	10	10	0
1991 to 2000	120	50	70	55	30	30
2001 to 2010	255	140	115	60	25	35
2001 to 2005	120	70	50	60	20	35
2006 to 2010	135	70	65	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	280	165	110	10	0	10
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	715	355	360	45	20	25
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,735	895	835	190	90	105
Under 5 years	290	140	155	35	10	20
5 to 14 years	335	195	135	50	20	30
15 to 24 years	375	160	215	20	15	10
25 to 44 years	630	335	295	80	35	40
45 years and over	105	60	40	10	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,735	900	835	190	85	105
Americas	400	170	230	70	30	40
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	30	15	20
Peru	10	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	345	140	205	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	10	30	15	20
Europe	850	470	380	85	40	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	10	0	0	0	0
France	20	10	15	10	10	0
Germany	135	50	85	25	10	20
Greece	30	20	10	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	25	10	0	0	0
Italy	35	25	10	0	0	0
Netherlands	45	35	10	0	0	0
Poland	20	10	10	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	10	10	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	445	260	185	25	15	15
Other places of birth in Europe	55	35	20	15	10	10
Africa	110	60	50	0	0	0
Algeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	30	20	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	60	35	25	0	10	0
Asia	370	190	180	30	10	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	90	45	40	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	45	35	10	15	0	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	70	45	25	0	0	0
Philippines	80	25	55	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	10	10	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	20	10	10	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	275	165	110	10	0	10
Americas	40	20	20	0	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	10	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	0	0	0
Europe	40	25	10	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	20	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	35	15	20	0	0	0
Algeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	10	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	155	100	60	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	40	30	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	20	15	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	25	15	0	0	0
Philippines	50	20	30	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	96,990	46,160	50,825	3,065	1,590	1,475
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,680	1,370	1,310	250	110	135
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	4,940	2,255	2,690	320	170	150
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	89,370	42,535	46,830	2,490	1,310	1,180
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	805	450	360	135	65	70
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	445	260	185	75	25	45
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	220	150	70	30	20	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	220	105	115	45	10	35
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	310	150	160	50	25	25
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	40	30	15	0	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	96,990	46,160	50,830	3,065	1,595	1,475
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	7,675	3,660	4,020	835	485	355
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	7,495	3,580	3,920	825	470	355
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	5,860	2,805	3,050	60	35	25
Métis	1,520	705	815	770	440	330
Inuk (Inuit)	115	65	50	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	55	35	20	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	125	45	80	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	89,310	42,500	46,815	2,230	1,115	1,115
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	96,990	46,160	50,830	3,065	1,590	1,470
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	5,355	2,575	2,785	80	50	35
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	91,635	43,590	48,045	2,985	1,545	1,440
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	96,990	46,160	50,830	3,065	1,590	1,470
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	4,545	2,175	2,365	140	60	75
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	4,510	2,155	2,355	140	65	75
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,300	2,040	2,265	25	10	20
Métis single ancestry	185	100	85	110	55	60
Inuit single ancestry	25	15	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	35	25	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	4,410	2,015	2,395	595	350	245
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	4,260	1,950	2,310	570	330	240
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,735	1,305	1,430	15	10	10
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,310	570	740	560	330	230
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	215	80	135	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	145	65	85	25	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	140	60	80	25	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	88,035	41,965	46,070	2,330	1,180	1,150
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	96,990	46,160	50,830	3,065	1,590	1,470
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,420	1,230	1,185	90	35	50
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	265	150	115	25	10	20
Chinese	550	285	265	10	0	0
Black	1,105	545	555	15	10	0
Filipino	120	55	65	0	0	0
Latin American	35	20	15	0	0	0
Arab	205	110	90	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	20	10	10	10	10	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	30	20	35	15	20
Japanese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	20	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	94,570	44,935	49,645	2,975	1,555	1,420
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	96,990	46,160	50,830	3,060	1,595	1,475
North American Aboriginal origins	8,955	4,195	4,760	735	415	320
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,215	3,430	3,785	65	30	35
Inuit	260	110	150	0	0	0
Métis	1,670	750	920	695	395	300
Other North American origins	41,420	19,630	21,795	1,365	705	660
Acadian	990	465	530	0	0	0
American	225	120	105	10	10	0
Canadian	40,150	19,050	21,105	1,360	700	660
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	390	170	225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	66,635	31,540	35,095	2,175	1,125	1,055
British Isles origins	58,675	27,615	31,060	675	345	330
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	23,145	10,525	12,615	430	200	225
Irish	22,090	10,520	11,570	235	120	110
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	38,055	17,860	20,200	220	110	110
Welsh	1,535	700	835	40	30	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	955	410	545	30	20	10
French origins	16,085	7,460	8,630	1,055	550	500
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	16,090	7,460	8,630	1,055	555	500
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,865	2,245	2,615	760	395	360
Austrian	60	25	35	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	510	255	250	25	10	15
Dutch	1,390	670	725	110	60	50
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	3,160	1,435	1,725	645	340	305
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	45	30	20	30	15	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,015	430	585	80	45	40
Danish	235	95	135	15	10	0
Finnish	85	30	60	10	0	10
Icelandic	10	0	0	20	15	0
Norwegian	395	185	210	25	10	15
Swedish	250	100	150	30	15	20
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	90	40	50	10	0	0
Eastern European origins	4,630	2,095	2,530	645	355	295
Bulgarian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	115	60	55	25	25	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	90	35	55	10	0	10
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	380	195	185	35	25	10
Latvian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	225	90	135	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,325	1,050	1,275	140	55	80
Romanian	145	40	105	0	0	0
Russian	295	105	190	205	125	80
Slovak	70	25	45	10	0	0
Ukrainian	1,435	650	780	345	190	155
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	30	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	4,675	2,310	2,370	25	0	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	315	150	165	0	0	0
Italian	3,600	1,770	1,830	0	0	0
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	75	45	35	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	205	100	105	0	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	450	215	240	20	0	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	45	30	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	215	135	80	0	0	0
Basque	20	15	10	0	0	0
Jewish	50	30	20	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	140	80	60	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	295	145	150	0	0	0
Antiguan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	65	35	30	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	85	40	45	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	115	60	55	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	60	35	25	15	10	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	35	15	20	15	10	10
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	820	400	425	20	0	15
Central and West African origins	110	55	50	10	10	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	10	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	50	25	25	10	0	10
Algerian	30	10	20	0	0	10
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	35	15	20	10	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	10	0	10	10	0	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	640	300	340	0	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	150	70	80	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	490	225	265	10	0	10
Asian origins	2,320	1,200	1,120	90	55	35
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,190	615	575	15	10	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	120	60	65	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	20	10	0	10	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	40	0	30	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	925	470	455	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syrian	135	80	50	10	10	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	20	10	10	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	250	130	120	15	10	15
Bangladeshi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	160	85	75	15	10	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	60	35	20	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	20	0	20	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	860	445	410	55	35	20
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	610	325	275	10	10	0
Filipino	135	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	10	20	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	25	20	35	15	20
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	10	15	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	35	25	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	30	25	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	25	10	10	20	10	10
Australian	15	10	10	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	15	10	10
Pacific Islands origins	0	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	43,080	...	...	1,100	...	...
Owner	30,475	...	...	1,035	...	...
Renter	11,870	...	...	65	...	...
Band housing	735	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	43,080	...	...	1,100	...	...
Condominium	565	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	42,515	...	...	1,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	43,080	...	...	1,100	...	...
No bedrooms	50	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	4,270	...	...	30	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,110	...	...	240	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,860	...	...	435	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,795	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	43,080	...	...	1,100	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,705	...	...	145	...	...
5 rooms	7,495	...	...	200	...	...
6 rooms	8,195	...	...	200	...	...
7 rooms	6,735	...	...	150	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,960	...	...	405	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	43,080	...	...	1,100	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,865	...	...	1,090	...	...
More than 1 person per room	215	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	43,080	...	...	1,100	...	...
Suitable	41,640	...	...	1,065	...	...
Not suitable	1,440	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	43,080	...	...	1,100	...	...
1960 or before	16,555	...	...	250	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,145	...	...	295	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,335	...	...	155	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,865	...	...	105	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,305	...	...	65	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,525	...	...	70	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,350	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	43,080	...	...	1,105	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	38,565	...	...	1,000	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,515	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	43,080	...	...	1,100	...	...
1 household maintainer	27,745	...	...	580	...	...
2 household maintainers	14,520	...	...	500	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	815	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	43,080	...	...	1,105	...	...
15 to 24 years	985	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,960	...	...	160	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,580	...	...	195	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,935	...	...	260	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,080	...	...	260	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,220	...	...	155	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,665	...	...	55	...	...
85 years and over	1,655	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	41,600	...	...	1,010	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,935	...	...	890	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,665	...	...	120	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,785	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,030	...	...	945	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	47.8	...	...	66.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.4	...	...	9.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	663	...	...	902	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	822	...	...	1,016	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	137,758	...	...	249,890	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	153,984	...	...	281,751	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,590	...	...	70	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	25.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.2	...	...	35.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	723	...	...	665	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	743	...	...	734	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	83,220	39,170	44,050	2,450	1,245	1,205
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,460	9,530	9,930	690	395	300
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	22,160	9,975	12,185	695	405	285
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,595	19,665	21,930	1,065	435	625
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,260	7,710	2,545	305	190	120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,480	3,525	1,960	185	90	100
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,775	4,185	590	125	105	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	16,825	6,180	10,645	420	120	300
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,360	880	1,480	70	30	45
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	12,155	4,890	7,265	260	105	160
Bachelor's degree	8,565	3,305	5,255	190	65	125
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,105	475	630	20	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	195	115	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,860	720	1,135	50	30	20
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	315	195	125	0	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	50,940	23,995	26,945	1,720	875	840
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,960	3,745	3,215	355	220	130
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,320	6,120	7,195	535	310	220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,660	14,130	16,530	835	340	490
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,965	5,290	1,675	210	130	80
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,795	2,470	1,320	120	65	55
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,175	2,815	355	90	65	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	12,810	4,755	8,050	340	95	245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,590	605	980	45	25	20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,295	3,475	5,820	240	100	140
Bachelor's degree	6,590	2,395	4,190	175	55	120
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	740	310	435	20	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	135	110	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,500	510	990	35	25	15
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	225	125	100	0	10	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	83,215	39,170	44,045	2,445	1,245	1,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	41,620	19,505	22,115	1,385	805	580
Education	3,745	1,050	2,690	85	25	60
13. Education	3,745	1,055	2,690	85	25	55
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	440	245	195	20	0	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	95	15	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	325	150	180	20	0	20
Humanities	1,460	635	825	70	30	45
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	40	30	10	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	320	115	210	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	635	210	430	25	10	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	25	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	85	45	15	20	0
54. History	245	150	95	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	30	15	15	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,410	870	2,545	80	0	80
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	25	35	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	100	110	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,195	180	1,015	30	0	30
22. Legal professions and studies	550	145	400	20	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	30	0	25	0	0	0
42. Psychology	680	145	535	15	0	10
45. Social sciences	695	275	420	10	0	10
Business, management and public administration	7,635	2,000	5,635	185	35	155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	0	15	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	590	100	490	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,025	1,885	5,140	155	30	125
Physical and life sciences and technologies	860	420	435	20	20	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	275	140	140	15	15	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315	120	195	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	170	130	40	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	35	55	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	990	525	465	15	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	860	485	370	15	10	10
25. Library science	65	15	50	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	20	30	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,675	10,175	505	245	240	10
04. Architecture and related services	30	25	10	0	0	0
14. Engineering	830	760	70	25	25	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,890	1,730	160	30	30	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,560	3,440	120	95	95	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,835	2,740	95	65	65	0
48. Precision production	1,530	1,480	50	30	25	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	415	275	145	50	30	20
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	170	90	85	50	30	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	180	60	0	0	0
Health and related fields	8,335	1,325	7,010	205	10	195
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	195	135	60	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	8,020	1,110	6,905	200	10	190
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	120	80	40	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,630	2,145	1,485	85	40	45
12. Personal and culinary services	1,860	525	1,340	45	10	40
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	45	10	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	510	420	90	10	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,200	1,150	55	30	30	0
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	50,940	23,995	26,945	1,715	875	840
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	20,280	9,865	10,415	885	535	350
Education	2,355	575	1,780	55	20	40
13. Education	2,355	575	1,780	60	20	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	360	205	155	20	0	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	75	10	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	270	130	145	25	0	25
Humanities	990	370	615	60	30	30
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	30	20	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	230	75	155	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	465	140	330	25	10	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	20	20	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	30	25	15	15	0
54. History	155	85	75	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,805	675	2,130	55	0	60
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	15	20	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	80	80	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955	150	810	20	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	460	105	355	15	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	20	0	20	0	0	0
42. Psychology	610	115	490	15	0	15
45. Social sciences	560	205	360	0	0	10
Business, management and public administration	5,665	1,455	4,210	160	35	125
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	15	10	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	490	65	425	15	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,165	1,385	3,785	130	30	100
Physical and life sciences and technologies	655	310	350	25	20	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	105	125	15	15	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	95	170	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	110	85	25	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	25	20	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	860	450	410	20	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	740	425	325	15	10	0
25. Library science	60	10	50	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	15	30	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,495	7,130	365	175	170	0
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	585	540	45	25	25	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,330	1,215	115	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,540	2,445	100	55	55	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,015	1,950	70	50	45	0
48. Precision production	1,005	965	40	20	25	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	325	210	110	35	25	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	125	60	65	35	25	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	195	155	45	0	0	0
Health and related fields	6,410	1,095	5,310	160	0	155
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	170	110	60	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,155	950	5,210	155	10	150
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	80	40	40	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,750	1,645	1,105	70	35	40
12. Personal and culinary services	1,355	380	975	40	10	35
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	430	345	85	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	930	885	40	25	30	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	10	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	83,220	39,170	44,050	2,445	1,240	1,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,620	19,505	22,115	1,385	805	580
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	41,595	19,665	21,935	1,065	435	625
Location of study inside Canada	40,280	19,020	21,255	995	400	600
Same as province or territory of residence	35,710	16,565	19,145	860	325	540
Different than province or territory of residence	4,565	2,460	2,115	135	80	60
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,320	645	675	65	40	25
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	580	260	325	0	0	10
Philippines	75	30	45	0	0	0
India	30	25	10	10	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	160	110	50	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	185	90	95	10	0	0
France	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other	275	125	150	40	20	15
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	50,940	24,000	26,945	1,715	875	840
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,280	9,865	10,415	885	535	350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	30,660	14,135	16,530	830	345	490
Location of study inside Canada	29,775	13,740	16,035	770	310	465
Same as province or territory of residence	26,515	12,000	14,510	665	250	410
Different than province or territory of residence	3,255	1,735	1,525	105	55	50
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	890	395	495	60	35	30
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	400	145	255	0	0	0
Philippines	70	30	40	0	0	0
India	15	10	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	100	65	35	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	90	50	40	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other	205	90	115	40	20	15
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	83,215	39,170	44,050	2,445	1,240	1,205
In the labour force	43,905	21,905	22,000	1,820	975	845
Employed	36,175	16,980	19,200	1,750	940	810
Unemployed	7,725	4,925	2,800	65	40	30
Not in the labour force	39,315	17,265	22,050	630	265	360
Participation rate	52.8	55.9	49.9	74.4	78.6	70.1
Employment rate	43.5	43.3	43.6	71.6	75.8	67.2
Unemployment rate	17.6	22.5	12.7	3.6	4.1	3.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	83,215	39,165	44,050	2,445	1,245	1,205
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	36,805	15,985	20,820	585	225	360
Worked	46,415	23,180	23,230	1,870	1,025	845
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	20,300	9,845	10,460	1,050	640	410
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	26,115	13,345	12,775	815	385	435
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.6	37.2	40.1	43.9	43.4	44.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	43,905	21,910	21,995	1,820	980	845
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,425	785	635	15	0	15
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	42,480	21,120	21,365	1,805	980	830
Employee	40,095	19,520	20,575	1,470	780	690
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,385	1,605	790	335	200	135
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	43,905	21,905	22,000	1,820	980	840
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,420	785	635	15	0	15
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	42,480	21,120	21,360	1,805	975	825
0 Management occupations	2,895	1,800	1,095	215	170	55
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,640	1,390	4,250	250	45	205
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,495	1,305	190	55	45	10
3 Health occupations	4,390	745	3,645	105	10	100
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,395	1,770	3,625	210	45	165
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	765	310	460	20	10	20
6 Sales and service occupations	11,965	4,700	7,265	285	100	185
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,885	6,570	310	390	370	20
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,835	1,565	270	155	95	55
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,220	965	255	105	90	15
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	43,905	21,910	22,000	1,820	980	840
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,420	785	635	15	0	15
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	42,480	21,115	21,365	1,810	980	825
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,240	1,000	235	275	195	85
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	970	865	105	10	0	0
22 Utilities	370	320	45	15	15	0
23 Construction	3,555	3,195	365	270	235	30
31-33 Manufacturing	1,665	1,295	370	190	135	55
41 Wholesale trade	660	500	160	40	40	0
44-45 Retail trade	5,890	2,500	3,390	120	50	70
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,740	1,380	360	95	70	25
51 Information and cultural industries	565	330	235	10	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	715	220	495	25	0	25
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	415	280	135	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,310	755	555	75	35	40
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,785	1,650	1,130	35	10	30
61 Educational services	3,505	1,140	2,370	110	30	80
62 Health care and social assistance	7,545	1,305	6,240	200	25	175
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	940	480	460	20	10	10
72 Accommodation and food services	3,465	1,180	2,280	75	15	55
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,720	880	840	120	60	65
91 Public administration	3,425	1,830	1,590	115	55	60
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	36,175	16,980	19,195	1,755	945	815
Worked at home	1,240	650	595	265	135	130
Worked outside Canada	50	40	15	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	4,360	3,165	1,190	275	235	40
Worked at usual place	30,525	13,125	17,400	1,200	560	635
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	30,525	13,125	17,395	1,200	565	640
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,270	11,745	16,530	210	80	130
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	670	280	395	575	225	350
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	645	395	250	405	255	145
Commute to a different province or territory	940	705	230	0	0	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	34,885	16,295	18,590	1,475	795	680
Car, truck, van - as a driver	28,780	13,280	15,505	1,270	685	585
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,925	1,165	1,760	80	45	35
Public transit	920	620	295	0	0	0
Walked	1,480	690	785	80	35	45
Bicycle	65	40	25	0	10	0
Other method	720	495	225	35	25	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	34,885	16,295	18,590	1,475	795	680
Less than 15 minutes	15,360	6,335	9,025	425	195	225
15 to 29 minutes	13,070	6,155	6,915	365	185	185
30 to 44 minutes	4,550	2,530	2,015	300	140	160
45 to 59 minutes	1,010	615	390	170	120	45
60 minutes and over	895	650	245	220	155	70
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	34,885	16,295	18,590	1,475	800	680
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,725	1,110	615	140	120	25
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,995	3,045	2,955	415	250	170
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,255	4,710	4,545	360	210	150
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,675	3,090	5,585	295	105	190
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,245	1,230	2,010	85	40	45
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,000	3,110	2,885	185	80	105
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	47,785	23,860	23,925	1,915	1,040	875
Single responses	47,515	23,730	23,785	1,855	1,010	845
Official languages	47,020	23,455	23,570	1,825	995	830
English	46,840	23,400	23,435	1,645	920	725
French	180	50	130	180	75	105
Non-official languages	495	280	215	25	15	10
Aboriginal languages	465	265	200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	465	265	200	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	465	265	200	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	465	265	200	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	30	15	15	25	15	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	15	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	10	0	10	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	270	130	140	60	25	35
English and French	160	70	90	65	30	35
English and non-official language	105	60	50	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	47,785	23,865	23,930	1,915	1,040	875
None	46,355	23,180	23,175	1,410	770	640
English	495	240	250	155	75	85
French	420	205	220	305	155	150
Non-official language	510	235	285	45	35	10
Aboriginal	435	190	245	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	75	40	40	40	35	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	96,155	45,775	50,380	3,030	1,575	1,460
Non-movers	88,290	41,955	46,330	2,850	1,480	1,370
Movers	7,870	3,820	4,050	185	90	90
Non-migrants	6,020	2,865	3,155	30	15	15
Migrants	1,850	950	895	160	80	80
Internal migrants	1,620	865	755	155	75	80
Intraprovincial migrants	630	335	300	135	65	65
Interprovincial migrants	990	535	460	20	10	15
External migrants	230	90	145	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	92,815	44,075	48,740	2,885	1,490	1,395
Non-movers	70,720	33,535	37,180	2,015	1,075	940
Movers	22,095	10,540	11,555	865	415	450
Non-migrants	16,580	7,760	8,820	260	160	100
Migrants	5,515	2,780	2,735	610	255	345
Internal migrants	4,615	2,290	2,325	555	240	315
Intraprovincial migrants	1,985	940	1,045	480	210	270
Interprovincial migrants	2,630	1,350	1,280	75	25	50
External migrants	900	490	415	50	20	30

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Cape Breton [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia and De Salaberry, RM [Census subdivision], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 19, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cape Breton [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia and De Salaberry, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Cape Breton [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia and De Salaberry, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cape Breton [Census agglomeration], Nova Scotia and De Salaberry, Rural municipality [Census subdivision], Manitoba