Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Quebec [Province]			Edmonton Alberta [Population centre]
	Data quality , Quebec [Province] Map : Quebec [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	8,164,361	...	...	1,062,643	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	7,903,001	...	...	935,361^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.3	...	...	13.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	3,858,943	...	...	436,072	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	3,531,663	...	...	408,474	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.0	...	...	1,855.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,356,625.27	...	...	572.69	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605	1,062,630	529,160	533,475
0 to 14 years	1,333,260	682,535	650,720	189,385	96,675	92,705
0 to 4 years	444,930	227,965	216,970	67,160	34,170	32,995
5 to 9 years	469,165	240,225	228,940	64,905	33,095	31,810
10 to 14 years	419,160	214,345	204,815	57,315	29,415	27,905
15 to 64 years	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280	741,065	373,755	367,305
15 to 19 years	429,825	219,070	210,755	59,595	30,630	28,970
20 to 24 years	500,100	252,600	247,500	76,985	38,935	38,050
25 to 29 years	495,410	248,030	247,380	92,100	46,790	45,315
30 to 34 years	515,505	256,440	259,070	92,485	46,810	45,675
35 to 39 years	550,540	274,595	275,945	81,310	41,230	40,085
40 to 44 years	506,525	254,100	252,425	72,120	36,460	35,665
45 to 49 years	519,425	260,410	259,015	68,330	34,420	33,910
50 to 54 years	619,435	309,070	310,370	71,630	35,765	35,865
55 to 59 years	636,475	314,190	322,285	69,135	34,460	34,680
60 to 64 years	562,670	276,140	286,535	57,360	28,260	29,100
65 years and over	1,495,195	669,590	825,605	132,180	58,725	73,460
65 to 69 years	488,175	236,395	251,775	44,235	21,370	22,865
70 to 74 years	373,590	176,905	196,690	29,650	13,740	15,915
75 to 79 years	256,905	116,020	140,890	22,400	10,015	12,385
80 to 84 years	187,835	78,390	109,450	17,375	7,250	10,125
85 years and over	188,685	61,885	126,805	18,525	6,340	12,180
85 to 89 years	120,635	43,795	76,840	11,585	4,420	7,165
90 to 94 years	53,165	15,155	38,015	5,340	1,575	3,765
95 to 99 years	13,035	2,685	10,350	1,380	310	1,065
100 years and over	1,850	255	1,600	220	35	180
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.7	17.8	18.3	17.4
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.3	64.4	69.7	70.6	68.9
65 years and over	18.3	16.7	19.9	12.4	11.1	13.8
85 years and over	2.3	1.5	3.1	1.7	1.2	2.3
Average age of the population	41.9	40.9	42.9	37.9	37.1	38.7
Median age of the population	42.5	41.4	43.6	36.2	35.5	36.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	3,531,660	...	...	408,470	...	...
Single-detached house	1,602,680	...	...	216,070	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	187,800	...	...	26,235	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,717,680	...	...	163,425	...	...
Semi-detached house	188,245	...	...	25,325	...	...
Row house	93,350	...	...	39,095	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265,195	...	...	10,265	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,154,955	...	...	88,640	...	...
Other single-attached house	15,940	...	...	95	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	23,505	...	...	2,740	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	3,531,665	...	...	408,470	...	...
1 person	1,175,230	...	...	106,810	...	...
2 persons	1,227,765	...	...	134,205	...	...
3 persons	489,460	...	...	66,925	...	...
4 persons	426,250	...	...	60,770	...	...
5 or more persons	212,960	...	...	39,760	...	...
Number of persons in private households	7,965,455	...	...	1,041,915	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885	873,250	432,480	440,770
Married or living common law	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395	493,095	247,635	245,465
Married	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260	413,050	207,540	205,515
Living common law	1,501,160	752,025	749,135	80,045	40,095	39,950
Not married and not living common law	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490	380,150	184,845	195,305
Never married	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280	265,150	146,340	118,805
Separated	103,625	46,390	57,240	20,705	8,830	11,875
Divorced	483,195	194,430	288,760	54,915	21,960	32,955
Widowed	389,555	84,345	305,210	39,380	7,710	31,665
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,257,560	...	...	285,250	...	...
2 persons	1,204,955	...	...	136,500	...	...
3 persons	466,310	...	...	63,455	...	...
4 persons	412,160	...	...	59,040	...	...
5 or more persons	174,140	...	...	26,260	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,257,560	...	...	285,250	...	...
Total couple families	1,878,095	...	...	238,610	...	...
Married couples	1,128,355	...	...	198,600	...	...
Common-law couples	749,740	...	...	40,010	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	379,460	...	...	46,640	...	...
Female parent	284,900	...	...	36,680	...	...
Male parent	94,565	...	...	9,960	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,878,095	...	...	238,610	...	...
Couples without children	970,260	...	...	107,905	...	...
Couples with children	907,840	...	...	130,705	...	...
1 child	356,640	...	...	50,685	...	...
2 children	384,875	...	...	55,380	...	...
3 or more children	166,315	...	...	24,640	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	379,465	...	...	46,640	...	...
1 child	234,695	...	...	28,590	...	...
2 children	109,670	...	...	12,765	...	...
3 or more children	35,100	...	...	5,285	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,579,070	775,765	803,305	201,250	104,730	96,520
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	3,531,660	...	...	408,475	...	...
One-census-family households	2,197,340	...	...	264,795	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	947,305	...	...	99,885	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,250,040	...	...	164,915	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	29,595	...	...	9,950	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,304,725	...	...	133,730	...	...
One-person households	1,175,230	...	...	106,810	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	129,500	...	...	26,920	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285	1,050,030	523,450	526,580
English only	372,445	187,595	184,860	950,200	477,780	472,415
French only	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095	1,570	680	890
English and French	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275	78,205	36,950	41,255
Neither English nor French	75,065	31,000	44,060	20,060	8,045	12,015
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	1,050,030	523,450	526,580
English	964,120	482,985	481,135	1,002,275	501,090	501,185
French	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560	21,640	11,245	10,400
English and French	278,710	144,060	134,655	6,555	3,350	3,200
Neither English nor French	72,775	29,845	42,930	19,565	7,775	11,795
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,103,480	555,015	548,465	24,915	12,920	12,000
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	13.7	14.0	13.4	2.4	2.5	2.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	1,050,030	523,450	526,580
Single responses	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975	1,018,575	508,110	510,465
Official languages	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845	722,350	364,530	357,820
English	601,155	301,860	299,300	701,590	353,735	347,860
French	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550	20,760	10,795	9,965
Non-official languages	1,060,830	517,700	543,125	296,220	143,580	152,640
Aboriginal languages	45,570	22,530	23,040	2,055	765	1,285
Algonquian languages	33,140	16,365	16,770	1,650	620	1,030
Blackfoot	5	0	0	35	10	25
Cree-Montagnais languages	31,430	15,575	15,855	1,530	580	950
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,715	4,155	4,555	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	5	0	5	0	5
Naskapi	590	285	305	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	135	55	80	15	10	10
Plains Cree	5	0	5	310	105	210
Southern East Cree	35	15	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	20	10	10
Woods Cree	10	5	5	135	55	80
Cree, n.o.s.	15,790	7,920	7,875	1,045	405	640
Eastern Algonquian languages	485	225	260	5	5	0
Malecite	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	485	220	260	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,215	565	645	80	25	55
Algonquin	1,185	555	630	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	10	15	75	25	50
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	5	5	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	200	65	135
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	200	70	130
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	5
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dene	0	0	0	130	45	85
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	20	5	15
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	0	35	15	25
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	0	5
South Slavey	0	0	0	20	5	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuit languages	11,970	5,955	6,015	50	15	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	11,895	5,925	5,970	25	10	15
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	75	25	45	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	375	165	210	5	5	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	365	160	210	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	30	15	15
Salish languages	5	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	90	30	55
Dakota	0	0	0	45	15	30
Stoney	0	0	0	45	15	30
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	5	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	65	30	35	25	10	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,015,260	495,175	520,090	294,170	142,815	151,350
Afro-Asiatic languages	197,535	104,185	93,355	30,850	16,095	14,760
Berber languages	20,845	11,125	9,720	130	70	60
Kabyle	12,470	6,625	5,840	75	40	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,375	4,500	3,875	55	30	25
Cushitic languages	1,125	545	580	7,900	3,965	3,935
Bilen	10	10	5	245	140	105
Oromo	15	10	5	1,125	580	540
Somali	1,075	515	560	6,510	3,235	3,275
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	20	10	15
Semitic languages	175,215	92,310	82,900	22,755	12,015	10,740
Amharic	745	340	405	2,495	1,210	1,290
Arabic	169,890	89,590	80,300	17,155	9,165	7,990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	150	80	70	75	40	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	40	20	15
Harari	0	5	5	170	90	85
Hebrew	3,885	2,040	1,845	395	215	180
Maltese	25	10	15	25	10	10
Tigrigna	385	185	205	2,320	1,220	1,100
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	110	60	50	80	50	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	200	155	65	40	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	36,305	17,030	19,275	9,460	4,365	5,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	8,855	4,105	4,750	750	355	395
Vietnamese	27,425	12,920	14,505	8,705	4,010	4,695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	10	5	5
Austronesian languages	21,635	7,800	13,835	39,730	17,365	22,365
Bikol	115	35	80	100	50	55
Cebuano	885	270	610	1,835	775	1,060
Fijian	0	0	0	50	25	20
Hiligaynon	410	125	275	505	225	280
Ilocano	2,060	745	1,315	1,745	745	1,000
Malagasy	1,250	590	660	10	0	5
Malay	705	265	440	485	215	270
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	205	90	110	315	150	165
Pangasinan	95	40	50	110	45	65
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15,545	5,480	10,065	34,220	14,970	19,255
Waray-Waray	50	10	40	70	35	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	320	140	180	275	125	150
Creole languages	56,990	25,220	31,770	985	515	470
Haitian Creole	2,220	1,055	1,170	55	25	30
Creole, n.o.s.	53,785	23,675	30,110	595	330	265
Creole languages, n.i.e.	980	490	490	340	155	180
Dravidian languages	14,865	7,435	7,430	6,550	3,410	3,140
Kannada	240	130	110	200	100	100
Malayalam	440	235	205	3,335	1,720	1,620
Tamil	13,600	6,715	6,880	2,075	1,095	975
Telugu	570	345	230	915	485	430
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	20	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	10	5	5
Indo-European languages	553,045	269,625	283,420	139,345	69,005	70,340
Albanian	2,795	1,420	1,370	760	410	345
Armenian	16,430	7,970	8,460	165	80	85
Balto-Slavic languages	68,155	30,960	37,195	31,195	14,505	16,695
Baltic languages	850	335	515	285	125	160
Latvian	290	120	175	130	60	70
Lithuanian	555	215	340	155	65	90
Slavic languages	67,310	30,630	36,675	30,915	14,380	16,535
Belarusan	80	45	35	35	15	15
Bosnian	1,620	805	815	695	350	345
Bulgarian	6,985	3,385	3,600	450	230	215
Croatian	2,330	1,165	1,170	1,890	990	905
Czech	1,465	690	775	770	380	390
Macedonian	205	105	95	175	90	85
Polish	13,935	6,065	7,865	8,495	3,965	4,530
Russian	28,565	12,715	15,850	5,255	2,440	2,810
Serbian	3,140	1,590	1,545	1,735	875	860
Serbo-Croatian	1,805	865	940	340	170	170
Slovak	1,040	455	585	505	245	255
Slovene (Slovenian)	755	350	405	250	115	135
Ukrainian	5,210	2,285	2,920	10,235	4,460	5,775
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	175	90	85	80	45	35
Celtic languages	155	95	60	100	60	40
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	10	45	25	20
Welsh	40	20	20	25	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	35	25	10
Germanic languages	27,540	13,280	14,260	15,495	7,255	8,240
Afrikaans	125	60	65	440	235	210
Danish	395	190	200	555	265	290
Dutch	2,825	1,395	1,430	3,010	1,450	1,560
Frisian	10	10	0	65	40	25
German	13,670	6,340	7,330	10,890	5,030	5,865
Icelandic	65	30	35	30	15	20
Norwegian	200	100	100	170	70	95
Swedish	555	255	300	215	95	115
Vlaams (Flemish)	540	240	300	55	20	30
Yiddish	8,985	4,560	4,420	55	30	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	10	0	0
Greek	38,635	19,435	19,205	1,000	540	460
Indo-Iranian languages	76,040	39,205	36,835	61,955	31,800	30,155
Indo-Aryan languages	45,845	23,875	21,970	55,480	28,405	27,070
Bengali	10,995	5,620	5,380	2,300	1,210	1,085
Gujarati	6,070	2,980	3,090	5,650	2,930	2,720
Hindi	3,030	1,635	1,390	8,190	4,115	4,075
Kashmiri	20	15	5	20	10	5
Konkani	110	60	55	150	80	70
Marathi	255	145	110	525	270	255
Nepali	1,505	740	765	1,950	1,020	930
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	70	35	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,380	6,720	5,660	26,615	13,660	12,955
Sindhi	330	160	165	920	425	490
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	645	310	330	1,235	635	590
Urdu	10,470	5,460	5,010	7,860	4,015	3,850
Iranian languages	29,760	15,105	14,655	6,205	3,250	2,955
Kurdish	985	550	430	745	410	330
Pashto	1,285	680	610	635	330	300
Persian (Farsi)	27,490	13,875	13,615	4,825	2,505	2,320
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	440	225	210	280	145	130
Italic (Romance) languages	323,290	157,260	166,030	28,665	14,350	14,315
Catalan	320	170	150	25	15	15
Italian	104,600	51,705	52,895	4,595	2,260	2,335
Portuguese	36,770	17,735	19,035	4,210	2,045	2,165
Romanian	35,840	17,170	18,665	2,415	1,205	1,210
Spanish	145,635	70,405	75,235	17,410	8,830	8,585
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	125	75	50	15	5	10
Japanese	2,525	775	1,750	995	325	670
Kartvelian languages	170	80	85	60	35	25
Georgian	170	80	90	60	35	25
Korean	5,160	2,270	2,890	6,095	2,900	3,195
Mongolic languages	190	75	115	80	35	45
Mongolian	195	80	115	75	35	45
Niger-Congo languages	28,355	14,360	13,995	7,080	3,580	3,500
Akan (Twi)	1,050	520	525	855	445	410
Bamanankan	1,200	655	545	20	10	5
Edo	75	45	30	135	65	65
Ewe	730	400	325	120	70	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,055	1,080	970	135	70	60
Ga	80	40	40	65	35	30
Ganda	35	15	20	200	100	100
Igbo	120	70	50	305	165	145
Lingala	2,465	1,185	1,285	155	80	80
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,345	1,600	1,745	390	190	195
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,500	1,115	1,380	605	300	305
Shona	85	45	40	520	255	270
Swahili	3,010	1,460	1,545	1,220	590	625
Wolof	3,230	1,745	1,485	135	85	45
Yoruba	255	155	100	675	380	300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	8,135	4,235	3,895	1,555	735	820
Nilo-Saharan languages	345	180	165	740	375	360
Dinka	5	5	0	335	175	165
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	335	170	165	410	210	200
Sign languages	1,330	700	630	315	160	155
American Sign Language	65	35	30	150	70	85
Quebec Sign Language	670	330	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	595	340	255	160	90	75
Sino-Tibetan languages	76,840	35,775	41,065	47,070	22,265	24,810
Chinese languages	76,490	35,600	40,895	46,385	21,900	24,490
Cantonese	24,375	11,505	12,875	22,360	10,460	11,900
Hakka	470	215	260	610	285	320
Mandarin	43,700	20,175	23,525	19,570	9,305	10,265
Min Dong	20	10	15	70	30	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,225	1,480	1,745	1,230	560	665
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,075	465	605	230	120	120
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,535	1,710	1,825	2,290	1,130	1,160
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	45	30	10	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	345	175	170	690	365	320
Burmese	80	30	50	135	70	60
Karenic languages	70	40	30	430	230	195
Tibetan	110	65	50	20	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	95	50	55
Tai-Kadai languages	4,895	2,185	2,710	945	365	580
Lao	4,115	1,995	2,120	370	185	190
Thai	765	180	585	560	180	385
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	15	5	10
Turkic languages	7,980	4,095	3,880	2,015	1,125	890
Azerbaijani	290	160	130	115	70	45
Turkish	7,155	3,685	3,470	1,690	935	755
Uyghur	205	100	105	55	35	20
Uzbek	145	70	75	110	60	45
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	185	80	105	45	20	20
Uralic languages	6,400	2,985	3,410	1,615	765	850
Estonian	195	75	120	35	15	20
Finnish	360	125	240	185	75	110
Hungarian	5,835	2,790	3,045	1,390	675	715
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	685	385	300	220	125	90
Multiple responses	184,905	92,600	92,310	31,455	15,340	16,120
English and French	72,395	36,695	35,695	3,140	1,545	1,600
English and non-official language	27,485	13,545	13,945	26,595	12,940	13,655
French and non-official language	67,075	33,110	33,970	1,135	565	575
English, French and non-official language	17,950	9,245	8,705	580	295	285
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285	1,050,030	523,450	526,580
Single responses	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425	982,250	490,335	491,925
Official languages	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685	814,680	408,025	406,655
English	782,185	391,125	391,060	805,715	403,460	402,255
French	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625	8,965	4,570	4,395
Non-official languages	585,890	283,150	302,735	167,575	82,305	85,265
Aboriginal languages	40,190	20,205	19,980	420	190	230
Algonquian languages	28,695	14,385	14,310	350	165	190
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	28,110	14,105	14,005	330	150	175
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	7,375	3,590	3,790	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	590	295	290	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	60	30	30	15	10	5
Plains Cree	5	0	0	50	25	30
Southern East Cree	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	5	0	20	5	15
Cree, n.o.s.	14,590	7,355	7,235	250	120	135
Eastern Algonquian languages	220	115	110	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	220	110	105	0	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	370	170	200	10	5	5
Algonquin	360	165	195	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	10	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	20	5	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	5
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,375	5,770	5,615	0	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	11,350	5,750	5,600	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	70	35	35	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	35	30	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	30	10	15
Dakota	0	0	0	10	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	15	5	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	10	25	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	545,695	262,940	282,755	167,155	82,115	85,040
Afro-Asiatic languages	91,660	46,550	45,110	20,215	10,255	9,960
Berber languages	7,495	3,895	3,605	95	45	50
Kabyle	5,105	2,660	2,450	50	25	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,390	1,235	1,150	40	20	25
Cushitic languages	535	240	295	5,845	2,930	2,920
Bilen	5	0	5	210	120	90
Oromo	5	0	0	885	450	435
Somali	520	230	290	4,740	2,350	2,385
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	5	10
Semitic languages	83,520	42,365	41,160	14,250	7,265	6,985
Amharic	340	150	185	1,695	805	890
Arabic	81,105	41,150	39,955	10,485	5,390	5,090
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	95	50	45	40	20	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	20	10	5
Harari	5	0	5	110	55	60
Hebrew	1,705	880	825	190	100	90
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	205	95	105	1,655	855	795
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	55	30	20
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	24,980	11,675	13,305	6,175	2,850	3,325
Khmer (Cambodian)	5,180	2,370	2,805	385	185	205
Vietnamese	19,790	9,295	10,495	5,785	2,670	3,115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,715	3,960	5,750	21,440	10,075	11,370
Bikol	15	5	10	15	5	5
Cebuano	230	100	125	785	380	405
Fijian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Hiligaynon	130	55	75	185	85	105
Ilocano	740	305	435	580	275	305
Malagasy	360	185	170	5	5	5
Malay	175	85	95	130	60	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	125	60	65
Pangasinan	10	5	10	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,905	3,150	4,760	19,470	9,135	10,335
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	85	40	40
Creole languages	20,705	8,780	11,925	560	285	280
Haitian Creole	855	380	475	40	20	20
Creole, n.o.s.	19,405	8,200	11,210	370	195	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	440	200	240	145	70	80
Dravidian languages	11,400	5,595	5,805	4,285	2,210	2,075
Kannada	150	85	65	75	35	40
Malayalam	200	100	100	2,265	1,165	1,105
Tamil	10,720	5,215	5,500	1,385	730	650
Telugu	330	190	135	555	280	280
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	15	5	5	10	5	5
Indo-European languages	303,215	146,100	157,115	71,665	35,925	35,745
Albanian	1,615	795	820	365	195	170
Armenian	11,990	5,680	6,310	75	40	35
Balto-Slavic languages	40,405	19,085	21,325	12,045	5,850	6,195
Baltic languages	190	80	105	115	50	60
Latvian	75	40	40	45	20	25
Lithuanian	115	40	70	65	35	35
Slavic languages	40,220	19,000	21,220	11,940	5,795	6,140
Belarusan	25	15	15	10	5	5
Bosnian	965	475	495	300	150	145
Bulgarian	5,125	2,495	2,630	280	140	140
Croatian	1,015	475	545	880	450	430
Czech	460	220	240	240	125	115
Macedonian	130	65	65	85	45	40
Polish	5,970	2,695	3,270	3,535	1,655	1,875
Russian	20,680	9,775	10,900	3,045	1,500	1,545
Serbian	2,010	1,020	990	965	485	485
Serbo-Croatian	960	470	490	110	50	55
Slovak	245	120	130	130	60	65
Slovene (Slovenian)	225	95	135	60	30	25
Ukrainian	2,365	1,060	1,300	2,275	1,085	1,195
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	25	10	15
Celtic languages	30	20	10	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	5	0
Welsh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	5	5	5	0
Germanic languages	9,890	4,980	4,905	2,010	960	1,045
Afrikaans	15	10	10	210	110	105
Danish	50	25	25	35	15	20
Dutch	375	170	205	170	85	90
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5
German	2,550	1,190	1,365	1,495	705	790
Icelandic	30	15	20	15	10	5
Norwegian	20	5	10	10	5	5
Swedish	105	50	60	55	25	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	40	15	5	5
Yiddish	6,665	3,485	3,180	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	18,545	8,865	9,680	340	175	170
Indo-Iranian languages	53,555	26,845	26,710	41,860	21,245	20,615
Indo-Aryan languages	31,575	15,985	15,585	37,795	19,195	18,605
Bengali	8,180	4,055	4,125	1,435	740	695
Gujarati	3,840	1,860	1,985	3,605	1,830	1,775
Hindi	1,535	790	745	4,955	2,520	2,435
Kashmiri	5	0	0	5	5	0
Konkani	30	15	15	40	20	15
Marathi	80	40	40	325	165	155
Nepali	1,355	655	700	1,365	715	650
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	5	35	15	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,840	4,690	4,155	19,905	10,125	9,775
Sindhi	135	65	75	450	225	230
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	365	185	180	745	390	360
Urdu	7,180	3,620	3,565	4,930	2,445	2,490
Iranian languages	21,745	10,740	11,010	3,950	2,000	1,945
Kurdish	510	280	235	370	195	175
Pashto	925	460	465	410	220	195
Persian (Farsi)	20,310	10,005	10,305	3,160	1,585	1,580
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	235	120	120	115	55	65
Italic (Romance) languages	167,190	79,835	87,355	14,960	7,460	7,500
Catalan	110	50	60	10	5	10
Italian	32,935	14,595	18,340	1,370	620	745
Portuguese	17,260	8,250	9,005	1,820	865	955
Romanian	24,520	12,000	12,525	1,310	650	655
Spanish	92,330	44,920	47,415	10,445	5,315	5,130
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	5	5	5
Japanese	1,050	425	620	450	180	270
Kartvelian languages	70	35	35	50	25	25
Georgian	70	40	35	50	30	25
Korean	3,540	1,630	1,910	4,435	2,180	2,260
Mongolic languages	145	70	75	45	20	25
Mongolian	145	70	75	50	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	7,250	3,450	3,800	2,875	1,385	1,490
Akan (Twi)	445	215	235	425	205	225
Bamanankan	265	135	125	0	0	0
Edo	10	5	5	35	20	15
Ewe	140	60	80	40	25	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	530	255	280	55	30	25
Ga	15	5	10	15	10	5
Ganda	5	5	5	75	35	45
Igbo	15	10	10	85	35	45
Lingala	625	270	355	35	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,110	510	600	190	90	100
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	530	225	305	285	145	140
Shona	20	10	10	200	90	110
Swahili	1,100	535	565	585	275	310
Wolof	1,035	555	480	90	45	40
Yoruba	55	25	25	270	140	130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,350	635	710	485	220	265
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	70	65	370	190	180
Dinka	0	0	0	205	110	90
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	65	65	165	75	90
Sign languages	1,770	1,000	775	405	235	170
American Sign Language	90	35	50	170	85	80
Quebec Sign Language	700	360	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	985	600	385	235	145	90
Sino-Tibetan languages	60,370	28,925	31,450	31,925	15,150	16,780
Chinese languages	60,155	28,805	31,345	31,395	14,875	16,525
Cantonese	17,845	8,470	9,375	14,585	6,745	7,835
Hakka	155	75	80	210	90	120
Mandarin	37,075	17,870	19,200	14,495	7,035	7,460
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,830	830	1,000	545	235	310
Wu (Shanghainese)	780	355	420	120	65	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,435	1,190	1,240	1,415	695	720
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	215	115	100	530	275	250
Burmese	35	15	20	90	50	40
Karenic languages	65	40	30	355	190	165
Tibetan	70	45	30	20	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	60	25	35
Tai-Kadai languages	2,375	1,145	1,230	440	210	230
Lao	2,150	1,055	1,100	185	90	95
Thai	225	90	135	255	120	140
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	5,120	2,540	2,575	1,275	685	590
Azerbaijani	100	50	55	55	30	20
Turkish	4,715	2,340	2,370	1,105	590	520
Uyghur	140	75	70	30	20	15
Uzbek	105	50	55	70	35	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	15	10	5
Uralic languages	2,025	895	1,130	460	220	245
Estonian	30	10	20	0	5	5
Finnish	50	20	30	25	10	15
Hungarian	1,945	860	1,085	430	210	225
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	90	60	70	35	30
Multiple responses	322,820	157,960	164,860	67,775	33,120	34,660
English and French	86,715	43,820	42,890	2,300	1,155	1,145
English and non-official language	54,400	26,255	28,140	63,660	31,070	32,580
French and non-official language	139,385	66,610	72,775	560	270	290
English, French and non-official language	42,320	21,270	21,045	1,265	625	640
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285	1,050,030	523,450	526,580
None	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900	870,080	435,560	434,525
English	513,410	263,670	249,735	75,345	37,690	37,655
French	320,370	158,340	162,030	11,470	5,390	6,075
Non-official language	317,790	154,450	163,340	89,650	43,040	46,615
Aboriginal	5,700	2,645	3,060	1,840	720	1,120
Non-Aboriginal	312,085	151,810	160,280	87,815	42,320	45,500
English and French	36,235	18,285	17,955	670	345	325
English and non-official language	28,630	14,075	14,555	1,815	940	875
French and non-official language	23,470	11,365	12,095	955	465	485
English, French and non-official language	1,420	740	680	40	25	15
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	852,860	423,585	429,270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	811,615	403,260	408,355
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,975	37,842	28,522	43,024	53,561	34,452
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400	811,770	403,290	408,480
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,535	33,110	26,119	38,254	46,086	31,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220	752,745	383,200	369,545
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,067	35,597	25,012	42,683	53,222	33,438
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445	487,620	198,705	288,915
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,307	5,851	8,246	3,730	2,932	4,028
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370	657,605	343,235	314,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,263	35,627	27,219	43,881	53,827	35,291
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	852,995	423,740	429,250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595	811,950	403,325	408,625
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,546	49,087	36,203	59,230	73,693	44,955
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890	812,130	403,360	408,770
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,887	39,292	30,616	48,426	58,795	38,195
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485	752,945	383,070	369,870
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,505	47,810	33,079	59,300	74,007	44,069
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050	486,940	198,235	288,705
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,590	7,846	9,229	7,069	6,925	7,168
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120	657,655	342,600	315,055
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,382	45,974	34,313	56,430	68,547	43,255
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	852,990	423,745	429,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025	306,500	173,705	132,800
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,111	51,622	42,433	63,938	72,450	55,329
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,564	62,750	49,085	76,896	87,968	62,413
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.4	88.3	79.1	92.8	95.4	88.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.4	71.4	64.6	77.2	79.3	73.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.6	11.7	20.9	7.2	4.6	11.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140	852,855	423,590	429,270
Without total income	216,685	99,555	117,125	41,245	20,325	20,920
With total income	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	811,615	403,265	408,355
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.9	96.5	95.2	95.2	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	789,595	351,935	437,660	100,185	39,225	60,965
$10,000 to $19,999	1,188,135	476,630	711,500	103,365	40,100	63,270
$20,000 to $29,999	976,210	428,390	547,830	96,250	37,655	58,600
$30,000 to $39,999	852,735	414,105	438,625	81,605	35,220	46,385
$40,000 to $49,999	747,995	378,215	369,780	78,880	36,550	42,335
$50,000 to $59,999	540,265	292,110	248,150	70,395	34,955	35,440
$60,000 to $69,999	375,935	214,805	161,130	58,550	32,055	26,485
$70,000 to $79,999	286,025	164,240	121,790	46,640	27,735	18,905
$80,000 to $89,999	189,350	113,715	75,635	36,700	22,520	14,180
$90,000 to $99,999	122,750	80,090	42,660	31,325	19,160	12,160
$100,000 and over	348,620	246,360	102,255	107,710	78,085	29,630
$100,000 to $149,999	236,515	164,145	72,370	71,420	49,705	21,710
$150,000 and over	112,105	82,215	29,885	36,295	28,380	7,915
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140	852,855	423,590	429,270
Without after-tax income	215,120	99,375	115,750	41,090	20,300	20,790
With after-tax income	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395	811,770	403,290	408,480
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	97.0	96.6	95.2	95.2	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	822,725	359,045	463,675	102,355	39,795	62,560
$10,000 to $19,999	1,246,480	505,165	741,315	108,050	42,050	65,995
$20,000 to $29,999	1,192,885	541,080	651,810	111,125	44,180	66,945
$30,000 to $39,999	1,096,510	553,200	543,315	102,575	46,140	56,435
$40,000 to $49,999	793,150	425,040	368,115	98,135	48,065	50,070
$50,000 to $59,999	498,475	283,130	215,345	78,785	43,280	35,515
$60,000 to $69,999	309,415	180,470	128,945	57,785	34,785	23,005
$70,000 to $79,999	167,895	108,500	59,395	43,805	27,025	16,780
$80,000 and over	291,635	205,155	86,485	109,145	77,970	31,180
$80,000 to $89,999	95,010	64,670	30,335	32,800	21,185	11,615
$90,000 to $99,999	55,980	39,080	16,905	21,290	14,790	6,500
$100,000 and over	140,645	101,405	39,240	55,055	41,990	13,060
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	852,855	423,585	429,270
Without employment income	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775	195,250	80,355	114,895
With employment income	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375	657,605	343,235	314,375
Percentage with employment income	69.8	73.9	65.8	77.1	81.0	73.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	606,300	311,780	294,520	64,985	28,815	36,165
$5,000 to $9,999	367,030	162,150	204,885	43,115	17,945	25,165
$10,000 to $19,999	681,920	305,995	375,920	73,260	30,900	42,360
$20,000 to $29,999	586,140	269,950	316,195	61,955	26,065	35,890
$30,000 to $39,999	565,425	277,135	288,285	61,195	27,585	33,610
$40,000 to $49,999	476,665	247,105	229,560	61,490	29,050	32,440
$50,000 to $59,999	359,180	203,580	155,600	57,085	28,580	28,510
$60,000 to $69,999	266,650	156,255	110,395	47,390	26,480	20,910
$70,000 to $79,999	224,040	129,890	94,150	39,015	23,790	15,225
$80,000 and over	494,440	344,585	149,855	148,120	104,030	44,095
$80,000 to $89,999	139,830	90,295	49,540	31,320	19,765	11,555
$90,000 to $99,999	93,860	64,160	29,700	28,030	17,295	10,735
$100,000 and over	260,745	190,125	70,620	88,770	66,970	21,800
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	3,531,665	...	...	408,475	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,822	...	...	90,874	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,207	...	...	77,855	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,175,230	...	...	106,810	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,574	...	...	48,672	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,469	...	...	42,081	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	2,356,430	...	...	301,665	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,645	...	...	110,071	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,665	...	...	93,804	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	3,531,665	...	...	408,555	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	77,306	...	...	117,711	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,404	...	...	96,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,174,695	...	...	106,875	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,042	...	...	60,823	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,262	...	...	49,778	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	2,356,970	...	...	301,680	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,878	...	...	137,865	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,426	...	...	112,729	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	3,531,665	...	...	408,470	...	...
Under $5,000	47,170	...	...	6,240	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	56,315	...	...	3,875	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	119,570	...	...	5,395	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180,865	...	...	9,355	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	179,690	...	...	13,480	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	154,150	...	...	10,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	185,000	...	...	11,430	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	184,435	...	...	12,585	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	179,855	...	...	12,640	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	170,445	...	...	12,960	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	313,600	...	...	26,545	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	273,620	...	...	26,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	241,940	...	...	25,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,620	...	...	24,265	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	176,355	...	...	23,225	...	...
$100,000 and over	860,030	...	...	183,010	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	327,435	...	...	49,970	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	204,105	...	...	38,495	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	192,155	...	...	48,450	...	...
$200,000 and over	136,335	...	...	46,100	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,531,660	...	...	408,475	...	...
Under $5,000	50,445	...	...	6,555	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	57,335	...	...	3,930	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120,860	...	...	5,525	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190,300	...	...	9,765	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	202,905	...	...	14,445	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	187,365	...	...	12,420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	231,765	...	...	13,795	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	225,695	...	...	15,300	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	211,990	...	...	16,040	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	202,760	...	...	16,570	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	363,775	...	...	33,560	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	309,825	...	...	32,260	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	256,150	...	...	30,600	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,765	...	...	28,800	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	166,295	...	...	25,525	...	...
$100,000 and over	545,440	...	...	143,405	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	269,170	...	...	51,275	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	130,225	...	...	34,990	...	...
$150,000 and over	146,045	...	...	57,140	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,261,890	...	...	282,440	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,378	...	...	109,047	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,152	...	...	92,897	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	930,195	...	...	97,695	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,075	...	...	102,965	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,224	...	...	87,275	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	911,980	...	...	130,990	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,246	...	...	131,410	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,844	...	...	110,892	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	364,085	...	...	42,780	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,708	...	...	64,843	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,805	...	...	58,514	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,262,045	...	...	282,220	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,863	...	...	138,209	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,060	...	...	112,697	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	929,645	...	...	97,700	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,304	...	...	135,498	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,167	...	...	109,227	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	912,560	...	...	131,105	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,835	...	...	161,470	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,279	...	...	131,176	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	363,610	...	...	42,490	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,753	...	...	78,488	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,052	...	...	67,522	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,433,210	711,180	722,030	170,210	90,315	79,890
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,195	31,526	27,210	42,481	46,599	38,381
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,706	28,214	25,434	37,563	40,384	34,607
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,430,625	708,225	722,405	170,225	90,355	79,875
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,684	39,840	35,571	53,381	57,946	48,217
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,513	32,729	30,321	44,196	47,142	40,863
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970	1,041,915	520,080	521,830
In the bottom half of the distribution	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115	403,965	194,720	209,245
In the bottom decile	747,785	368,385	379,395	80,300	39,225	41,075
In the second decile	898,605	408,705	489,900	73,410	33,680	39,730
In the third decile	997,185	481,975	515,210	77,050	36,645	40,410
In the fourth decile	996,230	490,275	505,960	82,595	40,425	42,170
In the fifth decile	938,080	467,425	470,655	90,610	44,750	45,860
In the top half of the distribution	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855	637,950	325,360	312,590
In the sixth decile	881,640	444,865	436,775	98,120	48,665	49,450
In the seventh decile	806,685	409,470	397,220	106,520	53,600	52,920
In the eighth decile	700,450	357,000	343,455	120,710	61,490	59,220
In the ninth decile	557,160	286,195	270,960	141,440	72,395	69,050
In the top decile	441,630	227,185	214,445	171,160	89,210	81,950
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945	1,041,915	520,085	521,835
0 to 17 years	1,564,410	800,455	763,960	223,455	114,220	109,230
0 to 5 years	532,410	272,790	259,625	80,150	40,800	39,350
18 to 64 years	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980	699,620	351,345	348,275
65 years and over	1,335,220	620,210	715,010	118,845	54,510	64,335
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,160,190	542,405	617,785	104,820	49,430	55,385
0 to 17 years	222,955	114,410	108,540	32,950	16,885	16,065
0 to 5 years	75,270	38,595	36,670	12,755	6,540	6,215
18 to 64 years	688,130	334,825	353,305	62,610	29,240	33,370
65 years and over	249,110	93,170	155,930	9,260	3,310	5,950
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	13.8	15.4	10.1	9.5	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.2	14.7	14.8	14.7
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	14.1	14.1	15.9	16.0	15.8
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.4	14.0	8.9	8.3	9.6
65 years and over (%)	18.7	15.0	21.8	7.8	6.1	9.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	731,340	358,085	373,260	95,835	46,655	49,180
0 to 17 years	129,325	66,400	62,925	26,675	13,630	13,050
0 to 5 years	44,375	22,705	21,675	10,340	5,290	5,050
18 to 64 years	514,540	261,485	253,060	64,000	31,085	32,915
65 years and over	87,475	30,205	57,270	5,160	1,945	3,210
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	9.2	9.0	9.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.2	11.9	11.9	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.3	12.9	13.0	12.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	10.5	10.0	9.1	8.8	9.5
65 years and over (%)	6.6	4.9	8.0	4.3	3.6	5.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,042,145	520,150	522,000
Official languages	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890	1,022,335	512,215	510,120
English	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225	1,020,840	511,585	509,250
French	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200	79,270	37,370	41,900
Non-official languages	1,610,980	776,265	834,720	372,490	181,415	191,075
Aboriginal languages	50,890	25,190	25,700	3,730	1,500	2,230
Algonquian languages	37,515	18,545	18,965	3,165	1,220	1,945
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	10	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	34,415	17,050	17,370	3,015	1,165	1,850
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	9,850	4,735	5,115	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	10	0	20	10	15
Naskapi	775	385	385	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	260	130	130	10	0	10
Plains Cree	10	0	0	890	335	555
Southern East Cree	35	25	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	0	10	25	10	15
Woods Cree	10	10	0	230	100	130
Cree, n.o.s.	17,175	8,600	8,575	1,845	710	1,135
Eastern Algonquian languages	885	460	420	10	10	0
Malecite	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	880	460	425	10	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,340	1,105	1,235	130	45	90
Algonquin	2,240	1,055	1,185	0	0	0
Ojibway	105	50	50	125	40	85
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	10	10	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	280	115	165
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	15	10	280	115	165
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	25	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dene	10	0	10	180	70	115
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	40	20	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	30	20	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	15	10	0
South Slavey	10	10	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuit languages	12,595	6,270	6,330	60	25	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	12,485	6,210	6,270	30	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	115	60	60	15	20	0
Iroquoian languages	740	360	375	10	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	690	350	335	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	15	10	50	25	20
Salish languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	155	85	70
Dakota	10	0	0	75	45	30
Stoney	0	0	0	85	45	40
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	20	10	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,560,375	751,215	809,160	368,890	179,980	188,910
Afro-Asiatic languages	301,035	157,545	143,490	44,015	22,805	21,205
Berber languages	27,595	14,650	12,945	205	105	95
Kabyle	16,170	8,580	7,590	85	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	11,580	6,150	5,425	120	60	60
Cushitic languages	1,550	745	805	9,780	4,980	4,800
Bilen	35	20	10	240	140	100
Oromo	45	30	10	1,205	645	555
Somali	1,460	680	780	8,385	4,215	4,165
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	30	15	15
Semitic languages	286,625	149,970	136,660	35,215	18,350	16,860
Amharic	1,145	540	600	4,080	2,070	2,005
Arabic	267,965	140,280	127,685	27,545	14,495	13,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	195	95	95	65	40	30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	20	20	10
Harari	0	0	0	240	100	140
Hebrew	18,035	9,490	8,540	1,425	750	680
Maltese	40	10	25	60	30	30
Tigrigna	420	195	225	3,130	1,585	1,540
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	160	85	75
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	810	430	380	150	85	60
Austro-Asiatic languages	46,050	21,955	24,095	12,605	5,885	6,725
Khmer (Cambodian)	11,840	5,620	6,220	1,080	510	565
Vietnamese	34,580	16,520	18,060	11,580	5,400	6,180
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	10	10	10
Austronesian languages	31,230	11,820	19,410	49,920	21,975	27,945
Bikol	105	45	60	60	30	30
Cebuano	1,105	360	750	2,385	1,070	1,315
Fijian	15	0	10	135	90	50
Hiligaynon	540	195	350	510	210	300
Ilocano	2,500	890	1,610	2,325	970	1,350
Malagasy	1,980	940	1,040	15	10	10
Malay	1,210	525	690	1,125	515	610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	95	100	480	215	270
Pangasinan	60	20	40	165	70	95
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	26,705	9,785	16,915	47,350	20,780	26,575
Waray-Waray	55	10	45	105	30	70
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	540	270	275	405	165	240
Creole languages	115,445	51,970	63,475	2,050	1,100	950
Haitian Creole	4,910	2,285	2,620	115	65	50
Creole, n.o.s.	108,315	48,615	59,705	1,210	670	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,835	1,390	1,445	730	370	365
Dravidian languages	18,710	9,495	9,210	8,655	4,555	4,100
Kannada	415	210	205	370	175	195
Malayalam	510	285	220	4,395	2,255	2,140
Tamil	17,245	8,680	8,565	3,045	1,655	1,385
Telugu	930	540	390	1,345	720	630
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	65	40	25
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	25	30	15	10
Indo-European languages	912,945	435,785	477,155	178,535	88,710	89,825
Albanian	3,375	1,730	1,645	880	485	390
Armenian	20,290	9,790	10,500	190	75	115
Balto-Slavic languages	88,425	41,725	46,700	36,175	17,025	19,155
Baltic languages	1,080	500	585	510	240	270
Latvian	335	150	185	230	110	125
Lithuanian	755	350	410	280	135	150
Slavic languages	87,520	41,315	46,205	35,885	16,885	19,000
Belarusan	365	150	215	95	50	45
Bosnian	1,975	990	985	1,105	540	570
Bulgarian	7,345	3,595	3,750	525	260	260
Croatian	3,580	1,760	1,820	2,655	1,455	1,195
Czech	2,070	975	1,095	880	395	490
Macedonian	285	140	145	225	100	125
Polish	17,760	8,090	9,665	10,220	4,980	5,235
Russian	46,665	22,265	24,400	8,580	4,055	4,525
Serbian	4,050	1,980	2,070	2,370	1,145	1,230
Serbo-Croatian	2,385	1,140	1,245	420	200	220
Slovak	1,520	705	820	620	345	275
Slovene (Slovenian)	970	490	480	265	135	130
Ukrainian	9,015	3,885	5,135	12,650	5,395	7,250
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	150	75	75	100	45	50
Celtic languages	495	305	195	380	220	160
Scottish Gaelic	155	95	65	140	65	70
Welsh	85	45	40	80	50	35
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	265	175	95	160	100	65
Germanic languages	63,370	31,835	31,530	22,075	10,825	11,245
Afrikaans	415	260	150	975	495	475
Danish	835	410	420	595	270	330
Dutch	5,060	2,665	2,395	3,535	1,715	1,820
Frisian	15	10	0	65	45	20
German	43,475	21,950	21,530	16,365	8,120	8,240
Icelandic	140	80	60	45	20	30
Norwegian	510	255	255	390	155	235
Swedish	1,580	785	795	480	250	230
Vlaams (Flemish)	760	265	495	40	10	35
Yiddish	12,375	6,225	6,155	65	35	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	10	0	10
Greek	51,060	25,520	25,540	1,415	685	725
Indo-Iranian languages	93,655	48,040	45,615	76,510	39,445	37,065
Indo-Aryan languages	59,570	30,870	28,700	69,940	35,975	33,965
Bengali	12,870	6,610	6,260	2,790	1,475	1,315
Gujarati	7,950	3,860	4,090	7,415	3,690	3,725
Hindi	15,570	8,285	7,280	26,705	13,935	12,775
Kashmiri	45	35	15	45	30	20
Konkani	150	70	75	160	70	95
Marathi	475	240	230	825	455	365
Nepali	1,445	725	720	1,935	1,045	885
Oriya (Odia)	55	35	20	100	55	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,860	9,690	8,165	34,665	17,875	16,790
Sindhi	500	240	255	1,720	795	930
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,335	625	710	1,740	885	845
Urdu	16,545	8,655	7,890	11,960	6,215	5,745
Iranian languages	35,420	17,830	17,585	7,070	3,715	3,355
Kurdish	1,255	665	590	830	510	325
Pashto	1,825	1,005	825	810	440	370
Persian (Farsi)	32,965	16,560	16,405	5,650	2,915	2,740
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	845	425	420	450	245	205
Italic (Romance) languages	627,545	293,620	333,920	45,070	22,115	22,955
Catalan	890	525	365	75	45	35
Italian	173,710	84,430	89,275	7,785	3,865	3,920
Portuguese	55,100	27,620	27,475	5,570	2,745	2,830
Romanian	42,655	20,550	22,110	2,920	1,495	1,420
Spanish	390,355	177,610	212,745	30,305	14,750	15,555
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	490	345	145	90	40	45
Japanese	7,040	3,340	3,695	2,330	1,015	1,320
Kartvelian languages	220	110	110	65	25	35
Georgian	215	105	110	60	25	40
Korean	6,260	2,825	3,430	6,785	3,205	3,575
Mongolic languages	270	135	130	145	65	85
Mongolian	265	135	130	145	65	85
Niger-Congo languages	52,840	26,665	26,175	12,765	6,480	6,280
Akan (Twi)	1,800	945	855	1,390	690	700
Bamanankan	2,385	1,240	1,145	25	15	15
Edo	190	95	95	240	110	130
Ewe	1,410	865	545	150	85	70
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	3,400	1,785	1,620	155	80	80
Ga	315	155	160	185	100	90
Ganda	90	40	55	425	210	220
Igbo	275	190	90	600	330	270
Lingala	9,630	4,430	5,200	710	350	365
Rundi (Kirundi)	4,490	2,210	2,285	585	275	305
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	3,535	1,640	1,895	905	480	430
Shona	150	75	80	895	440	450
Swahili	8,015	4,080	3,935	3,405	1,810	1,595
Wolof	6,555	3,545	3,015	225	130	90
Yoruba	885	485	395	1,580	825	755
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	17,720	9,125	8,595	3,195	1,575	1,630
Nilo-Saharan languages	695	345	350	920	450	470
Dinka	0	0	0	565	260	305
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	695	345	350	355	190	165
Sign languages	7,775	3,095	4,675	2,265	900	1,370
American Sign Language	675	245	435	1,350	480	870
Quebec Sign Language	4,405	1,590	2,815	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,960	1,350	1,605	930	415	510
Sino-Tibetan languages	90,460	42,695	47,770	54,115	26,130	27,985
Chinese languages	90,060	42,480	47,580	53,310	25,710	27,600
Cantonese	31,885	14,900	16,980	28,305	13,535	14,775
Hakka	545	240	310	685	300	385
Mandarin	59,240	27,560	31,685	27,655	13,200	14,455
Min Dong	15	10	10	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,215	1,860	2,350	1,565	705	860
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,230	535	690	260	120	140
Chinese, n.o.s.	4,800	2,380	2,425	2,330	1,175	1,160
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	45	20	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	430	235	195	825	430	395
Burmese	140	75	60	235	120	115
Karenic languages	105	55	45	455	230	220
Tibetan	65	50	10	45	25	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	80	150	85	65
Tai-Kadai languages	7,280	3,400	3,880	1,200	485	715
Lao	5,785	2,850	2,935	535	250	290
Thai	2,255	875	1,375	760	255	505
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	20	10	10
Turkic languages	12,475	6,265	6,210	2,835	1,555	1,280
Azerbaijani	510	275	235	240	130	115
Turkish	11,415	5,755	5,665	2,315	1,290	1,030
Uyghur	230	110	120	145	65	75
Uzbek	230	105	125	150	80	70
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	235	115	120	65	30	40
Uralic languages	7,870	3,710	4,160	2,035	965	1,065
Estonian	150	55	95	30	20	15
Finnish	500	195	305	355	135	210
Hungarian	7,215	3,450	3,765	1,655	810	840
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,140	1,170	970	675	395	285
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,042,145	520,150	521,995
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350	916,660	457,820	458,840
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,521,230	779,620	741,610	202,750	103,600	99,150
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740	713,910	354,220	359,690
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	379,910	188,245	191,665	125,485	62,335	63,155
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,042,145	520,150	521,995
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735	727,520	365,455	362,070
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,091,310	530,325	560,980	288,100	140,870	147,235
Before 1981	238,655	117,080	121,575	53,865	26,830	27,035
1981 to 1990	127,340	63,150	64,190	31,835	15,605	16,225
1991 to 2000	187,860	89,210	98,650	44,470	20,895	23,575
2001 to 2010	322,280	155,785	166,495	83,430	41,000	42,420
2001 to 2005	140,170	67,835	72,335	34,750	16,925	17,825
2006 to 2010	182,115	87,945	94,165	48,675	24,080	24,595
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	215,170	105,105	110,065	74,510	36,535	37,980
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	86,065	45,765	40,295	26,525	13,830	12,695
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,091,305	530,325	560,980	288,105	140,870	147,235
Under 5 years	112,930	54,600	58,330	26,685	13,855	12,835
5 to 14 years	174,020	87,165	86,855	48,915	25,285	23,625
15 to 24 years	215,350	98,880	116,475	59,330	27,165	32,165
25 to 44 years	515,770	256,095	259,675	129,000	63,305	65,690
45 years and over	73,230	33,590	39,640	24,175	11,265	12,915
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,091,305	530,330	560,980	288,105	140,870	147,235
Americas	247,505	113,190	134,315	28,480	13,780	14,700
Brazil	7,345	3,515	3,830	735	305	435
Colombia	25,580	11,645	13,935	2,515	1,280	1,235
El Salvador	11,120	5,500	5,615	2,985	1,530	1,460
Guyana	2,490	1,085	1,410	1,330	605	730
Haiti	80,965	35,375	45,585	510	280	230
Jamaica	4,665	2,040	2,625	2,615	1,185	1,430
Mexico	15,820	7,090	8,730	2,195	1,105	1,095
Peru	13,265	5,945	7,325	500	195	305
Trinidad and Tobago	4,075	1,840	2,240	1,495	740	755
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	25,955	12,800	13,155	7,015	3,330	3,685
Other places of birth in Americas	56,235	26,370	29,870	6,575	3,235	3,345
Europe	311,090	154,910	156,185	55,875	27,655	28,225
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,785	1,890	1,895	1,835	935	905
Croatia	2,140	1,085	1,050	1,350	720	630
France	81,225	43,490	37,735	640	280	360
Germany	9,750	4,365	5,390	5,555	2,745	2,815
Greece	18,420	9,135	9,285	590	335	255
Hungary	3,325	1,620	1,700	860	435	425
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	820	485	330	1,330	700	635
Italy	51,025	25,370	25,655	3,265	1,715	1,545
Netherlands	1,990	1,035	955	2,740	1,490	1,255
Poland	10,735	4,675	6,060	7,225	3,475	3,750
Portugal	18,985	9,185	9,800	2,355	1,165	1,190
Romania	28,695	13,695	15,005	2,245	1,140	1,105
Russian Federation	11,355	4,975	6,375	2,075	895	1,180
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,790	830	960	835	370	460
Ukraine	8,670	3,800	4,870	3,595	1,560	2,030
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	12,905	6,645	6,260	13,230	6,740	6,490
Other places of birth in Europe	45,500	22,630	22,870	6,155	2,950	3,205
Africa	241,410	125,250	116,165	36,040	18,620	17,420
Algeria	59,465	31,180	28,280	360	190	175
Egypt	19,490	10,290	9,200	1,995	1,125	870
Ethiopia	995	495	495	4,000	2,040	1,955
Kenya	785	355	430	1,890	960	925
Morocco	60,700	31,435	29,270	790	485	300
Nigeria	1,340	740	600	3,135	1,670	1,460
Somalia	580	270	310	4,580	2,250	2,330
South Africa, Republic of	865	475	385	1,975	935	1,040
Other places of birth in Africa	97,200	50,005	47,190	17,325	8,960	8,365
Asia	289,825	136,175	153,655	163,770	78,875	84,900
Afghanistan	7,280	3,640	3,640	1,470	760	710
Bangladesh	7,940	3,990	3,950	1,590	805	790
China^{Census data footnote 59}	49,555	19,905	29,655	19,320	8,875	10,450
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,730	2,290	2,435	7,255	3,530	3,730
India	17,865	9,195	8,670	37,570	19,190	18,380
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	17,760	8,880	8,885	2,620	1,380	1,235
Iraq	3,735	1,960	1,775	2,060	1,115	945
Japan	1,725	395	1,330	625	170	455
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,230	1,995	2,230	4,695	2,205	2,490
Lebanon	39,135	20,800	18,340	4,850	2,620	2,225
Pakistan	10,010	5,260	4,750	8,040	4,115	3,925
Philippines	24,410	9,040	15,370	42,790	18,875	23,915
Sri Lanka	10,715	5,335	5,380	2,040	1,010	1,030
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	17,775	8,800	8,980	2,015	1,090	920
Taiwan	2,735	1,100	1,635	980	430	550
Viet Nam	25,440	11,765	13,675	10,250	4,790	5,455
Other places of birth in Asia	44,795	21,840	22,950	15,615	7,910	7,700
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,480	805	670	3,930	1,940	1,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	215,170	105,105	110,065	74,510	36,530	37,980
Americas	47,710	22,625	25,085	5,380	2,550	2,825
Brazil	3,010	1,495	1,520	260	110	150
Colombia	7,540	3,465	4,075	530	225	305
Cuba	2,565	1,260	1,315	200	90	115
Haiti	16,880	7,690	9,190	175	95	75
Jamaica	190	140	55	630	275	355
Mexico	4,210	1,955	2,255	885	470	415
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,990	2,265	1,720	1,310	605	705
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,955	935	1,020	220	85	135
Other places of birth in Americas	7,365	3,425	3,935	1,170	605	560
Europe	39,320	20,085	19,235	6,520	3,335	3,180
France	20,030	10,855	9,175	95	50	45
Germany	580	250	330	415	240	175
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	105	35	490	305	185
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	3,750	1,695	2,055	200	90	110
Romania	2,945	1,260	1,685	375	175	200
Russian Federation	1,970	865	1,105	410	155	260
Ukraine	2,460	1,110	1,350	865	400	465
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	860	565	290	1,450	815	630
Other places of birth in Europe	6,590	3,385	3,205	2,215	1,110	1,110
Africa	74,200	37,110	37,090	11,620	5,885	5,730
Algeria	16,380	8,060	8,320	40	15	30
Cameroon	7,550	3,705	3,845	365	175	195
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	3,370	1,655	1,715	515	240	280
Côte d'Ivoire	5,070	2,505	2,565	285	125	155
Egypt	4,360	2,260	2,095	730	395	330
Eritrea	50	30	20	990	520	470
Ethiopia	125	65	60	1,215	630	585
Morocco	13,475	6,675	6,805	245	145	100
Nigeria	540	280	260	1,525	810	715
Somalia	95	40	50	1,390	685	705
South Africa, Republic of	175	115	60	475	230	245
Tunisia	5,855	3,025	2,825	150	80	70
Other places of birth in Africa	17,155	8,690	8,470	3,685	1,835	1,845
Asia	53,595	25,070	28,525	50,335	24,415	25,925
Afghanistan	1,555	715	840	225	115	105
Bangladesh	860	455	405	555	270	285
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,705	4,805	5,895	3,615	1,635	1,980
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	35	80	310	110	195
India	2,960	1,555	1,405	13,270	6,925	6,345
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	7,505	3,545	3,960	860	465	400
Iraq	985	465	515	700	360	345
Israel	645	390	255	250	135	115
Japan	330	30	295	190	60	130
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	825	370	455	1,455	735	720
Lebanon	3,955	2,100	1,860	755	385	370
Nepal	360	165	195	1,085	565	515
Pakistan	1,815	920	895	1,960	980	985
Philippines	5,635	2,345	3,290	19,715	9,050	10,665
Saudi Arabia	435	210	225	365	205	160
Sri Lanka	860	380	480	750	350	395
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	7,455	3,740	3,715	1,390	740	645
Taiwan	170	60	105	125	40	85
Turkey	585	300	285	200	125	80
United Arab Emirates	300	160	145	305	165	140
Viet Nam	1,505	560	945	745	295	455
Other places of birth in Asia	4,025	1,765	2,265	1,520	705	820
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	345	215	135	660	345	315
Australia	190	120	70	230	115	110
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	155	95	65	435	225	210
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,042,145	520,150	521,995
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,204,895	590,175	614,720	320,430	157,615	162,810
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	792,085	399,535	392,550	218,315	109,860	108,450
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745	503,405	252,675	250,730
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	867,685	420,465	447,220	238,680	116,320	122,360
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	469,015	243,915	225,100	127,700	64,680	63,020
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	224,720	137,975	86,745	51,935	32,160	19,775
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	244,300	105,945	138,360	75,765	32,520	43,245
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	241,225	96,130	145,095	68,265	28,350	39,915
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	146,295	75,100	71,195	41,115	22,455	18,665
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	11,150	5,320	5,825	1,595	835	760
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010	1,042,145	520,150	521,995
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	182,885	91,890	90,995	55,365	25,815	29,550
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	175,960	88,635	87,325	53,950	25,175	28,780
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	92,655	45,510	47,145	24,270	11,000	13,265
Métis	69,365	36,260	33,100	28,870	13,750	15,120
Inuk (Inuit)	13,940	6,865	7,075	810	420	390
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,760	1,330	1,430	855	395	460
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	4,170	1,930	2,245	560	245	315
Non-Aboriginal identity	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015	986,780	494,335	492,440
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,042,145	520,150	521,995
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	77,490	38,580	38,915	21,095	9,350	11,745
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100	1,021,050	510,795	510,250
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,042,150	520,150	521,995
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	118,780	58,535	60,245	16,530	7,485	9,045
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	115,480	56,930	58,550	15,695	7,110	8,585
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	87,700	42,730	44,965	10,830	4,845	5,985
Métis single ancestry	17,585	9,225	8,360	4,695	2,190	2,505
Inuit single ancestry	10,200	4,980	5,220	175	75	95
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,300	1,605	1,700	835	375	460
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,220	1,115	1,105	780	345	435
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	995	455	540	25	15	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	25	40	20	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	10	15	10	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	240,650	113,905	126,740	48,640	23,220	25,420
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	235,365	111,205	124,165	45,990	22,095	23,895
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	193,625	90,650	102,975	25,365	12,180	13,185
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	37,080	18,320	18,760	19,930	9,560	10,375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,660	2,230	2,425	690	355	335
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	5,280	2,700	2,575	2,655	1,130	1,525
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,040	2,105	1,940	2,510	1,080	1,430
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	990	475	515	75	25	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	110	115	55	15	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030	976,975	489,440	487,530
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,042,145	520,150	521,995
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,032,365	505,180	527,185	348,895	173,370	175,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	90,335	46,750	43,585	88,255	45,580	42,680
Chinese	99,505	44,370	55,135	58,805	28,620	30,190
Black	319,230	154,110	165,120	55,435	28,415	27,020
Filipino	34,910	14,275	20,635	56,970	25,840	31,125
Latin American	133,920	64,655	69,260	17,645	8,995	8,650
Arab	213,740	113,420	100,320	24,845	13,235	11,610
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	62,820	29,960	32,865	16,625	7,985	8,635
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	32,405	16,200	16,210	6,515	3,360	3,155
Korean	8,055	3,865	4,190	7,140	3,425	3,715
Japanese	4,570	1,755	2,820	2,190	830	1,355
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,840	4,670	5,175	3,740	1,760	1,985
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	23,045	11,160	11,885	10,720	5,325	5,395
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830	693,250	346,780	346,465
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010	1,042,145	520,150	521,995
North American Aboriginal origins	359,430	172,440	186,985	65,175	30,710	34,465
First Nations (North American Indian)	289,610	137,550	152,065	39,605	18,495	21,105
Inuit	17,175	8,300	8,880	1,065	515	550
Métis	61,260	30,915	30,345	28,010	13,205	14,805
Other North American origins	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605	203,890	103,560	100,330
Acadian	34,785	16,440	18,345	1,335	750	585
American	45,050	21,470	23,580	15,285	7,365	7,920
Canadian	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555	192,150	97,620	94,530
New Brunswicker	750	370	380	15	10	10
Newfoundlander	570	280	295	460	280	185
Nova Scotian	365	155	215	60	50	15
Ontarian	1,345	660	685	10	10	0
Québécois	184,005	93,895	90,110	380	225	160
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	205	110	100	65	25	35
European origins	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825	616,035	305,910	310,125
British Isles origins	745,715	360,135	385,575	349,985	174,625	175,360
Channel Islander	1,440	725	720	60	10	50
Cornish	70	35	40	70	40	30
English	228,520	111,855	116,670	191,065	94,370	96,700
Irish	446,215	211,545	234,665	139,380	67,705	71,670
Manx	200	105	95	220	105	115
Scottish	215,030	103,395	111,635	155,605	76,840	78,760
Welsh	10,765	5,075	5,690	18,830	9,160	9,675
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	32,525	15,440	17,080	21,745	10,515	11,235
French origins	1,878,795	941,770	937,025	106,105	51,355	54,750
Alsatian	1,050	520	525	85	50	40
Breton	11,140	5,410	5,725	35	20	15
Corsican	1,270	690	580	85	50	35
French	1,870,545	937,665	932,875	105,970	51,275	54,695
Western European origins (except French origins)	244,380	119,115	125,260	196,730	96,695	100,035
Austrian	12,710	6,285	6,430	10,595	5,055	5,535
Bavarian	40	30	20	35	15	25
Belgian	51,340	25,295	26,050	4,615	2,185	2,425
Dutch	26,000	12,805	13,190	40,850	20,120	20,735
Flemish	1,345	660	685	435	205	220
Frisian	15	20	0	95	75	20
German	142,225	68,250	73,975	152,870	74,915	77,960
Luxembourger	910	445	460	160	85	80
Swiss	24,500	12,615	11,885	4,485	2,300	2,190
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	125	80	50	140	40	100
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,460	12,490	12,975	68,545	32,645	35,895
Danish	5,700	2,815	2,885	11,595	5,560	6,040
Finnish	3,130	1,430	1,700	3,965	1,880	2,090
Icelandic	955	480	470	4,040	2,085	1,960
Norwegian	7,820	3,835	3,985	31,745	15,110	16,635
Swedish	6,840	3,275	3,565	21,350	9,630	11,720
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,500	1,265	1,230	3,265	1,580	1,685
Eastern European origins	249,940	121,660	128,285	195,045	93,870	101,170
Bulgarian	9,570	4,675	4,895	775	405	375
Byelorussian	2,530	1,235	1,295	970	530	440
Czech	6,295	2,965	3,330	4,615	2,265	2,350
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,150	1,100	1,050	2,135	1,050	1,080
Estonian	890	460	435	535	240	290
Hungarian	28,280	13,970	14,310	11,495	5,540	5,950
Latvian	1,740	835	905	980	440	540
Lithuanian	6,630	3,320	3,305	1,600	770	825
Moldovan	7,620	3,710	3,900	360	155	205
Polish	79,040	38,705	40,335	55,885	26,815	29,070
Romanian	53,060	25,935	27,125	9,585	4,655	4,930
Russian	55,230	26,405	28,830	21,725	10,340	11,390
Slovak	4,770	2,375	2,395	2,530	1,225	1,305
Ukrainian	42,550	20,575	21,975	121,485	58,220	63,265
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	2,900	1,505	1,400	535	270	265
Southern European origins	549,750	273,670	276,080	66,390	33,210	33,175
Albanian	3,760	1,950	1,805	810	445	360
Bosnian	2,970	1,485	1,490	1,440	730	710
Catalan	735	395	340	35	30	0
Croatian	6,745	3,375	3,370	4,630	2,575	2,055
Cypriot	480	240	245	60	40	20
Greek	71,330	36,235	35,090	4,215	2,175	2,040
Italian	326,700	162,650	164,045	28,070	14,175	13,900
Kosovar	505	295	210	175	90	90
Macedonian	775	400	370	380	195	185
Maltese	1,220	615	610	400	220	180
Montenegrin	450	250	200	105	70	40
Portuguese	69,805	34,825	34,980	9,515	4,885	4,630
Serbian	5,950	2,915	3,040	3,110	1,510	1,595
Sicilian	1,435	710	725	85	45	40
Slovenian	2,510	1,225	1,280	1,105	560	550
Spanish	85,360	41,745	43,615	14,945	6,880	8,065
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	3,270	1,595	1,670	1,355	655	690
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	300	155	145	60	35	30
Other European origins	38,670	19,875	18,800	6,140	3,275	2,865
Basque	3,620	1,930	1,690	95	35	60
Jewish	25,235	12,955	12,280	3,245	1,765	1,485
Roma (Gypsy)	475	270	205	100	50	45
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	360	180	185	210	100	105
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	9,215	4,690	4,530	2,530	1,345	1,185
Caribbean origins	201,625	93,935	107,690	13,920	6,920	7,000
Antiguan	380	170	205	130	65	60
Bahamian	430	205	225	100	70	35
Barbadian	5,570	2,585	2,985	780	375	410
Bermudan	115	50	65	30	20	15
Carib	405	150	255	30	20	15
Cuban	9,830	4,800	5,035	790	420	370
Dominican	11,560	5,320	6,235	320	170	150
Grenadian	1,965	790	1,175	335	180	160
Guadeloupean	1,010	475	535	0	0	0
Haitian	143,165	66,245	76,925	820	465	360
Jamaican	14,100	6,785	7,315	6,855	3,365	3,485
Kittitian/Nevisian	360	200	160	25	0	20
Martinican	1,775	820	950	10	0	0
Montserratan	240	140	105	15	0	20
Puerto Rican	530	270	255	85	40	50
St. Lucian	860	450	405	215	110	105
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	6,585	2,925	3,660	2,290	1,190	1,095
Vincentian/Grenadinian	4,020	1,695	2,325	130	45	80
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	5,635	2,610	3,025	1,020	480	540
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	4,195	1,995	2,205	845	410	435
Latin, Central and South American origins	167,275	81,215	86,065	22,550	11,275	11,280
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,100	2,885	3,210	725	310	410
Arawak	180	60	120	15	15	0
Argentinian	4,950	2,490	2,460	305	180	125
Belizean	80	40	40	45	30	20
Bolivian	1,730	815	915	50	25	30
Brazilian	8,345	4,075	4,275	855	415	440
Chilean	14,060	7,055	7,005	3,640	1,815	1,820
Colombian	33,965	15,915	18,050	3,455	1,715	1,735
Costa Rican	1,180	570	610	135	65	65
Ecuadorian	2,720	1,255	1,470	245	120	130
Guatemalan	10,175	5,380	4,795	665	355	310
Guyanese	3,670	1,810	1,860	1,465	710	760
Hispanic	1,155	570	585	680	365	315
Honduran	4,335	2,135	2,200	155	90	60
Maya	1,670	935	735	220	110	115
Mexican	26,930	13,185	13,745	4,520	2,305	2,215
Nicaraguan	2,805	1,360	1,445	495	260	235
Panamanian	1,460	755	710	100	50	50
Paraguayan	365	155	205	25	15	10
Peruvian	19,735	9,240	10,495	810	390	420
Salvadorean	19,200	9,535	9,665	3,820	1,935	1,885
Uruguayan	1,755	815	940	125	75	45
Venezuelan	7,475	3,430	4,045	665	320	345
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	5,845	2,965	2,880	950	490	460
African origins	382,665	196,910	185,755	56,970	29,310	27,655
Central and West African origins	86,695	44,720	41,975	12,450	6,530	5,915
Akan	630	325	310	20	15	10
Angolan	875	425	450	120	70	50
Ashanti	120	90	35	30	20	15
Beninese	4,125	2,220	1,915	40	25	15
Burkinabe	2,465	1,325	1,145	55	30	25
Cameroonian	17,095	8,635	8,465	725	345	375
Chadian	1,045	525	520	10	10	0
Congolese	20,210	9,960	10,250	2,200	1,150	1,050
Edo	110	60	45	130	80	50
Ewe	460	265	200	55	30	25
Gabonese	1,165	545	620	0	0	0
Gambian	150	95	55	35	25	10
Ghanaian	3,235	1,660	1,575	2,010	1,050	960
Guinean	5,255	2,765	2,485	275	140	135
Ibo	185	95	95	385	220	165
Ivorian	8,545	4,350	4,200	395	210	185
Liberian	150	60	90	635	300	335
Malian	3,535	1,755	1,775	35	15	20
Malinké	635	340	295	70	40	30
Nigerian	2,820	1,510	1,310	3,495	1,810	1,685
Peulh	2,110	1,080	1,030	60	40	20
Senegalese	8,250	4,420	3,835	250	160	90
Sierra Leonean	110	55	55	465	245	220
Togolese	4,080	2,210	1,870	45	15	25
Wolof	660	390	270	25	10	10
Yoruba	460	225	235	800	410	395
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	6,955	3,690	3,275	855	480	370
North African origins	225,125	117,725	107,410	8,985	4,705	4,280
Algerian	60,375	31,185	29,190	465	210	260
Berber	33,825	17,840	15,985	240	155	85
Coptic	685	385	305	75	35	40
Dinka	15	10	10	205	105	100
Egyptian	29,400	15,295	14,100	3,265	1,710	1,555
Libyan	1,075	590	485	590	300	295
Maure	530	290	240	30	20	10
Moroccan	85,940	44,520	41,420	1,105	610	495
Sudanese	370	220	150	2,725	1,440	1,285
Tunisian	21,475	11,775	9,695	345	160	180
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	3,340	1,845	1,490	230	115	120
Southern and East African origins	28,925	14,225	14,705	26,735	13,805	12,930
Afrikaner	115	75	40	65	40	25
Amhara	65	30	35	185	100	90
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	1,905	1,040	870	410	230	180
Burundian	6,015	2,945	3,070	665	365	305
Djiboutian	450	205	245	155	85	70
Eritrean	580	290	290	3,470	1,785	1,680
Ethiopian	1,575	785	785	5,290	2,650	2,640
Harari	20	10	10	120	60	60
Kenyan	530	270	260	910	495	420
Malagasy	3,735	1,815	1,920	50	35	20
Mauritian	3,695	1,735	1,960	195	105	85
Oromo	20	15	10	550	350	205
Rwandan	5,130	2,445	2,685	1,120	590	530
Seychellois	775	345	425	10	10	0
Somali	1,785	865	915	9,785	4,990	4,795
South African	900	490	420	1,525	750	770
Tanzanian	325	190	140	465	290	175
Tigrian	95	35	55	255	130	125
Ugandan	290	135	160	625	345	280
Zambian	45	20	25	90	50	40
Zimbabwean	300	150	145	1,240	630	605
Zulu	70	35	35	175	80	95
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,790	915	875	1,420	725	695
Other African origins	46,805	22,845	23,965	9,985	4,935	5,055
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	3,800	1,845	1,950	1,100	550	545
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	43,785	21,415	22,370	9,065	4,470	4,600
Asian origins	563,150	275,170	287,980	276,105	136,010	140,090
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	240,795	123,985	116,810	38,435	20,155	18,280
Afghan	10,945	5,550	5,395	2,455	1,300	1,160
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	44,875	23,680	21,195	4,345	2,370	1,975
Armenian	27,380	13,515	13,865	540	275	260
Assyrian	370	205	165	150	65	85
Azerbaijani	555	295	255	295	145	145
Georgian	635	295	345	90	45	45
Hazara	385	190	200	100	55	50
Iranian	25,530	12,845	12,685	4,340	2,235	2,100
Iraqi	5,520	2,780	2,740	2,000	1,030	970
Israeli	6,060	3,235	2,830	680	350	330
Jordanian	1,610	840	770	635	315	320
Kazakh	620	295	325	110	50	55
Kurd	2,135	1,180	960	1,040	590	450
Kuwaiti	95	50	50	110	50	60
Kyrgyz	260	140	120	30	15	10
Lebanese	78,140	40,695	37,450	14,295	7,390	6,910
Palestinian	6,865	3,520	3,345	2,865	1,580	1,285
Pashtun	515	280	235	235	105	130
Saudi Arabian	645	390	255	190	95	90
Syrian	27,465	13,845	13,620	2,915	1,500	1,415
Tajik	390	180	210	65	45	20
Tatar	910	430	485	135	55	75
Turk	15,060	7,520	7,545	2,580	1,410	1,175
Turkmen	65	45	25	50	15	30
Uighur	375	185	190	95	50	50
Uzbek	465	210	255	165	85	85
Yemeni	805	450	355	250	130	125
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,465	1,385	1,075	865	485	385
South Asian origins	95,670	48,925	46,745	88,200	45,435	42,755
Bangladeshi	7,075	3,625	3,450	1,445	715	725
Bengali	4,125	2,035	2,090	580	335	245
Bhutanese	420	205	215	75	45	35
East Indian	51,650	26,505	25,140	69,460	35,650	33,810
Goan	210	105	110	80	45	40
Gujarati	420	205	215	485	250	230
Kashmiri	260	155	105	100	55	40
Nepali	930	460	470	1,805	970	835
Pakistani	13,535	7,000	6,535	8,060	4,175	3,885
Punjabi	2,970	1,675	1,295	5,910	3,130	2,775
Sinhalese	310	135	175	230	135	100
Sri Lankan	14,750	7,300	7,450	2,235	1,125	1,110
Tamil	3,100	1,610	1,495	465	240	225
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,135	1,190	945	1,910	995	920
East and Southeast Asian origins	229,985	103,805	126,180	150,865	71,100	79,765
Burmese	530	270	255	415	210	205
Cambodian (Khmer)	15,345	7,360	7,985	1,490	770	720
Chinese	121,445	54,595	66,850	69,800	33,660	36,140
Filipino	37,910	15,590	22,320	60,175	27,410	32,765
Hmong	35	10	20	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,320	570	755	825	385	435
Japanese	6,495	2,615	3,875	3,310	1,390	1,920
Karen	95	55	40	395	220	170
Korean	8,740	4,155	4,580	7,515	3,600	3,915
Laotian	7,625	3,860	3,770	695	360	335
Malaysian	645	300	340	1,340	635	710
Mongolian	960	470	485	330	145	185
Singaporean	105	65	40	120	55	75
Taiwanese	2,205	940	1,265	625	275	345
Thai	2,695	1,065	1,635	915	335	580
Tibetan	80	45	30	45	25	20
Vietnamese	43,080	20,790	22,290	13,850	6,660	7,185
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	275	125	155	370	190	175
Other Asian origins	1,765	905	865	910	490	425
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,770	905	860	915	490	425
Oceania origins	3,250	1,730	1,515	4,230	2,190	2,045
Australian	2,055	1,125	935	1,515	820	700
New Zealander	490	245	245	610	335	275
Pacific Islands origins	785	410	380	2,190	1,085	1,110
Fijian	70	25	40	1,785	875	910
Hawaiian	60	40	20	130	60	70
Maori	90	55	35	145	70	75
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	290	145	145	50	25	25
Samoan	15	15	0	60	35	20
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	295	155	145	30	25	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	3,531,665	...	...	408,555	...	...
Owner	2,163,735	...	...	272,825	...	...
Renter	1,362,010	...	...	135,730	...	...
Band housing	5,915	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	3,531,660	...	...	408,555	...	...
Condominium	413,325	...	...	92,005	...	...
Not condominium	3,118,340	...	...	316,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	3,531,665	...	...	408,555	...	...
No bedrooms	23,725	...	...	2,515	...	...
1 bedroom	573,370	...	...	52,320	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,100,310	...	...	93,480	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,157,300	...	...	139,715	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	676,955	...	...	120,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	3,531,665	...	...	408,560	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,258,215	...	...	123,635	...	...
5 rooms	620,935	...	...	63,585	...	...
6 rooms	432,090	...	...	56,490	...	...
7 rooms	403,255	...	...	49,415	...	...
8 or more rooms	817,165	...	...	115,440	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	3,531,665	...	...	408,560	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,492,135	...	...	397,520	...	...
More than 1 person per room	39,530	...	...	11,035	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	3,531,660	...	...	408,555	...	...
Suitable	3,398,910	...	...	384,225	...	...
Not suitable	132,755	...	...	24,335	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	3,531,660	...	...	408,560	...	...
1960 or before	894,495	...	...	55,720	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,116,760	...	...	128,050	...	...
1981 to 1990	503,495	...	...	50,615	...	...
1991 to 2000	369,020	...	...	47,365	...	...
2001 to 2005	196,830	...	...	38,770	...	...
2006 to 2010	241,545	...	...	41,365	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	209,515	...	...	46,665	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	3,531,665	...	...	408,560	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	3,304,625	...	...	386,380	...	...
Major repairs needed	227,040	...	...	22,175	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	3,531,665	...	...	408,560	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,221,970	...	...	232,135	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,264,195	...	...	160,225	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	45,500	...	...	16,195	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	3,531,665	...	...	408,555	...	...
15 to 24 years	119,495	...	...	17,000	...	...
25 to 34 years	498,070	...	...	81,690	...	...
35 to 44 years	603,840	...	...	81,330	...	...
45 to 54 years	682,290	...	...	79,740	...	...
55 to 64 years	731,390	...	...	74,105	...	...
65 to 74 years	541,630	...	...	43,005	...	...
75 to 84 years	270,280	...	...	23,320	...	...
85 years and over	84,680	...	...	8,365	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	3,496,460	...	...	406,690	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,763,105	...	...	312,960	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	733,355	...	...	93,730	...	...
30% to less than 100%	647,975	...	...	81,625	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,141,690	...	...	272,815	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.9	...	...	64.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.9	...	...	15.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	983	...	...	1,520	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	1,544	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,302	...	...	399,709	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	290,484	...	...	428,462	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,358,265	...	...	135,730	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.3	...	...	10.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.7	...	...	38.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	720	...	...	1,248	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	775	...	...	1,280	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	852,990	423,740	429,250
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,323,070	674,955	648,115	127,840	64,145	63,695
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,426,980	674,820	752,155	234,735	116,100	118,635
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970	490,415	243,500	246,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,120,730	681,515	439,215	74,335	58,800	15,535
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	806,585	435,090	371,495	22,405	13,605	8,800
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	314,145	246,425	67,720	51,930	45,190	6,740
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,165,515	506,775	658,740	158,800	67,260	91,540
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	236,255	93,680	142,575	28,610	11,520	17,090
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,361,730	628,290	733,440	228,675	105,920	122,755
Bachelor's degree	872,060	384,275	487,790	156,370	68,875	87,495
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	118,955	54,255	64,695	12,450	5,695	6,755
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	39,045	19,865	19,185	7,410	3,975	3,440
Master's degree	281,215	139,280	141,935	42,500	21,050	21,450
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50,455	30,615	19,840	9,950	6,330	3,615
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125	598,750	299,640	299,115
No certificate, diploma or degree	580,635	323,880	256,750	57,070	30,380	26,695
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	808,955	396,620	412,330	142,735	72,185	70,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040	398,945	197,075	201,870
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	866,595	513,575	353,015	57,140	45,900	11,235
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	631,795	330,140	301,655	16,330	10,270	6,065
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	234,800	183,440	51,360	40,805	35,630	5,170
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	832,430	367,185	465,245	128,265	54,935	73,330
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	167,025	67,530	99,495	22,215	9,060	13,150
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,116,300	499,010	617,290	191,330	87,180	104,150
Bachelor's degree	712,935	308,760	404,175	130,180	56,925	73,260
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	94,240	40,085	54,160	9,760	4,385	5,375
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30,775	13,505	17,270	6,360	3,210	3,150
Master's degree	238,300	113,895	124,410	37,140	17,860	19,270
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	40,050	22,780	17,270	7,890	4,800	3,095
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	852,990	423,740	429,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270	362,575	180,245	182,330
Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	34,730	8,915	25,810
13. Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	34,725	8,920	25,810
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	156,720	71,485	85,240	14,915	6,590	8,325
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25,380	18,280	7,100	2,730	1,915	810
50. Visual and performing arts	131,340	53,200	78,140	12,185	4,675	7,510
Humanities	215,735	86,065	129,675	21,475	8,960	12,515
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	32,180	7,165	25,020	2,515	745	1,770
23. English language and literature/letters	12,900	4,060	8,835	4,745	1,530	3,215
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	103,120	42,685	60,435	6,690	2,480	4,210
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	880	395	485	60	25	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10,400	6,650	3,755	1,500	920	580
39. Theology and religious vocations	10,125	6,200	3,930	2,740	1,610	1,130
54. History	17,055	9,990	7,065	2,725	1,535	1,190
55. French language and literature/letters	29,070	8,920	20,155	500	120	380
Social and behavioural sciences and law	380,995	125,025	255,975	47,185	16,390	30,790
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	1,165	3,150	790	185	605
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	48,530	16,690	31,845	4,690	2,025	2,665
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	77,470	6,070	71,400	7,700	700	7,000
22. Legal professions and studies	67,185	25,785	41,395	8,600	3,140	5,455
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	9,905	2,035	7,870	655	215	445
42. Psychology	57,335	14,030	43,305	9,210	2,635	6,575
45. Social sciences	116,255	59,245	57,015	15,530	7,490	8,045
Business, management and public administration	879,190	321,450	557,740	99,755	39,460	60,295
30.16 Accounting and computer science	815	300	520	155	45	110
44. Public administration and social service professions	47,715	10,490	37,225	5,835	1,275	4,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	830,660	310,665	519,990	93,770	38,145	55,630
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140,990	76,780	64,215	23,250	11,785	11,460
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	49,705	20,900	28,805	9,170	4,020	5,155
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	23,210	13,865	9,350	5,500	2,455	3,050
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	21,890	10,810	11,080	125	25	100
40. Physical sciences	39,060	27,545	11,515	6,835	4,550	2,285
41. Science technologies/technicians	7,120	3,660	3,465	1,615	740	870
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	152,105	104,850	47,255	19,315	11,950	7,365
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125,480	92,730	32,750	15,215	10,220	4,990
25. Library science	11,110	2,145	8,965	1,585	220	1,365
27. Mathematics and statistics	13,415	8,365	5,045	2,380	1,410	970
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,100	1,605	495	130	90	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	828,400	758,350	70,055	120,065	107,755	12,310
04. Architecture and related services	29,015	17,055	11,960	3,650	2,385	1,265
14. Engineering	150,450	124,585	25,865	31,285	25,565	5,720
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	150,640	135,445	15,195	22,935	20,045	2,890
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	20	40	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	185,385	179,995	5,390	26,825	25,740	1,085
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	184,280	178,510	5,770	20,515	19,820	695
48. Precision production	128,580	122,750	5,830	14,845	14,185	660
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	85,485	56,900	28,585	7,950	4,565	3,385
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	51,770	30,870	20,900	4,850	2,650	2,200
03. Natural resources and conservation	33,715	26,025	7,690	3,095	1,910	1,185
Health and related fields	480,230	95,450	384,780	78,780	16,085	62,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	27,955	14,675	13,280	4,925	2,325	2,600
51. Health professions and related programs	441,105	74,630	366,470	71,405	12,385	59,020
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,160	6,140	5,020	2,455	1,375	1,080
Personal, protective and transportation services	290,005	151,070	138,935	22,960	11,015	11,940
12. Personal and culinary services	164,595	43,720	120,875	14,155	4,235	9,920
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	290	270	20	45	40	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,345	1,245	100	260	240	25
43. Security and protective services	54,625	42,415	12,210	4,630	2,955	1,680
49. Transportation and materials moving	69,160	63,425	5,740	3,860	3,545	315
Other	1,055	375	680	45	30	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,055	375	675	45	30	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130	598,755	299,640	299,110
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,389,585	720,500	669,085	199,805	102,565	97,240
Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	25,750	6,240	19,505
13. Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	25,750	6,240	19,505
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	122,045	55,575	66,475	12,090	5,350	6,745
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	19,510	13,740	5,770	2,110	1,475	635
50. Visual and performing arts	102,535	41,830	60,705	9,980	3,870	6,105
Humanities	138,330	54,580	83,750	17,435	7,130	10,310
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25,220	5,455	19,765	2,095	600	1,495
23. English language and literature/letters	9,585	2,990	6,595	3,850	1,225	2,625
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	57,730	25,305	32,430	5,615	2,060	3,560
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	600	255	350	50	25	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,980	4,415	2,570	1,245	770	470
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,415	3,380	2,035	2,075	1,215	860
54. History	12,235	7,140	5,095	2,135	1,160	975
55. French language and literature/letters	20,555	5,640	14,915	365	70	295
Social and behavioural sciences and law	301,550	95,120	206,430	39,690	13,435	26,255
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,550	925	2,620	670	165	505
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40,275	13,900	26,370	4,085	1,705	2,380
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	63,120	4,295	58,825	6,320	575	5,750
22. Legal professions and studies	53,620	18,830	34,790	7,440	2,460	4,985
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	6,840	1,420	5,420	545	180	365
42. Psychology	44,540	10,255	34,285	7,440	2,060	5,385
45. Social sciences	89,610	45,495	44,110	13,180	6,300	6,880
Business, management and public administration	706,400	248,920	457,480	82,955	32,685	50,270
30.16 Accounting and computer science	615	215	400	125	35	90
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,320	7,835	30,485	4,915	1,010	3,905
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	667,470	240,870	426,600	77,910	31,640	46,275
Physical and life sciences and technologies	92,480	49,390	43,090	18,145	8,910	9,235
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,895	16,635	24,260	7,250	3,105	4,145
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,450	7,435	5,015	4,140	1,835	2,305
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	4,175	2,385	1,785	120	25	95
40. Physical sciences	29,705	20,255	9,445	5,395	3,430	1,970
41. Science technologies/technicians	5,255	2,675	2,580	1,240	525	720
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	132,750	91,865	40,885	16,985	10,575	6,410
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	112,715	83,240	29,470	13,785	9,260	4,525
25. Library science	8,720	1,665	7,055	1,250	190	1,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	9,725	5,815	3,915	1,855	1,060	795
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,585	1,150	440	100	65	35
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	639,185	577,845	61,335	97,730	87,050	10,675
04. Architecture and related services	24,260	13,870	10,385	2,940	1,850	1,095
14. Engineering	126,835	103,165	23,665	26,730	21,665	5,065
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	116,595	103,710	12,885	18,785	16,355	2,425
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	15	30	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	134,865	130,350	4,510	21,445	20,485	955
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	139,935	135,155	4,780	16,010	15,440	570
48. Precision production	96,655	91,580	5,075	11,810	11,245	565
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	69,865	45,215	24,655	6,335	3,480	2,860
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	41,755	23,965	17,795	3,740	1,890	1,850
03. Natural resources and conservation	28,110	21,250	6,860	2,600	1,590	1,005
Health and related fields	368,600	72,245	296,355	63,455	13,210	50,250
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	22,660	11,635	11,030	3,965	1,910	2,060
51. Health professions and related programs	337,320	56,510	280,810	57,375	10,180	47,190
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,620	4,110	4,510	2,115	1,115	1,000
Personal, protective and transportation services	229,640	118,260	111,375	18,335	8,990	9,350
12. Personal and culinary services	129,245	32,830	96,410	11,060	3,405	7,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	225	200	25	40	40	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	875	795	80	170	145	20
43. Security and protective services	42,550	32,575	9,975	3,865	2,430	1,440
49. Transportation and materials moving	56,750	51,860	4,890	3,195	2,970	225
Other	890	300	595	40	25	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	890	300	595	40	25	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	852,990	423,745	429,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270	362,575	180,245	182,335
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970	490,420	243,495	246,920
Location of study inside Canada	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880	380,765	189,910	190,855
Same as province or territory of residence	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270	303,460	150,540	152,920
Different than province or territory of residence	142,415	73,800	68,610	77,305	39,370	37,935
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	374,620	193,530	181,090	109,655	53,590	56,065
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	28,320	16,915	11,410	10,370	5,935	4,435
Philippines	12,515	3,600	8,920	23,635	9,205	14,435
India	6,805	3,660	3,150	17,830	9,080	8,750
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,250	6,535	4,715	6,770	3,895	2,870
China^{Census data footnote 162}	17,155	7,755	9,395	6,045	2,805	3,240
France	69,665	39,885	29,780	580	355	225
Other	228,905	115,185	113,725	44,425	22,315	22,110
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130	598,750	299,640	299,110
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,389,590	720,505	669,085	199,805	102,565	97,240
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045	398,945	197,075	201,870
Location of study inside Canada	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780	305,450	152,315	153,140
Same as province or territory of residence	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280	242,965	120,600	122,370
Different than province or territory of residence	108,630	55,125	53,500	62,485	31,715	30,770
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	306,115	153,850	152,265	93,495	44,765	48,730
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	19,655	11,145	8,505	7,840	4,305	3,540
Philippines	10,545	2,935	7,610	21,745	8,390	13,360
India	4,865	2,465	2,400	15,820	7,900	7,915
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	7,390	4,245	3,145	4,555	2,650	1,910
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15,420	6,865	8,550	5,275	2,425	2,855
France	57,315	32,115	25,205	500	310	195
Other	190,930	94,085	96,850	37,755	18,790	18,970
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	852,995	423,740	429,250
In the labour force	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	612,465	325,205	287,255
Employed	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	560,535	294,450	266,090
Unemployed	306,170	177,630	128,540	51,925	30,755	21,170
Not in the labour force	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480	240,530	98,535	141,995
Participation rate	64.1	67.9	60.5	71.8	76.7	66.9
Employment rate	59.5	62.5	56.7	65.7	69.5	62.0
Unemployment rate	7.2	8.0	6.3	8.5	9.5	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	852,990	423,745	429,250
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655	219,690	88,800	130,885
Worked	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585	633,305	334,940	298,360
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215	314,975	179,710	135,270
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375	318,325	155,235	163,090
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.7	42.3	42.6	43.2	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	612,460	325,205	287,255
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,485	51,640	49,850	11,185	5,210	5,980
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915	601,275	319,995	281,275
Employee	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185	545,570	284,175	261,395
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	489,090	299,355	189,730	55,700	35,820	19,880
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	612,460	325,205	287,255
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,640	49,850	11,190	5,210	5,980
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	601,275	319,995	281,275
0 Management occupations	418,450	263,585	154,875	60,760	37,515	23,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	677,390	210,525	466,865	96,625	28,310	68,315
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	286,270	222,375	63,895	46,750	36,555	10,195
3 Health occupations	295,765	57,160	238,610	46,665	9,655	37,005
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	502,945	147,145	355,795	67,275	23,810	43,465
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	135,730	64,370	71,365	14,860	6,320	8,545
6 Sales and service occupations	988,610	449,820	538,790	137,405	59,710	77,695
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	574,675	544,100	30,570	105,125	97,590	7,535
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	67,290	55,610	11,685	8,660	7,295	1,370
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	206,875	148,405	58,475	17,145	13,240	3,905
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765	612,460	325,205	287,260
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,635	49,850	11,190	5,205	5,980
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	601,270	319,995	281,280
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	84,060	60,460	23,595	2,020	1,180	840
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20,920	18,175	2,745	14,975	12,595	2,375
22 Utilities	28,410	20,650	7,755	5,755	3,985	1,765
23 Construction	254,055	223,770	30,285	65,885	56,315	9,570
31-33 Manufacturing	458,315	332,080	126,240	36,375	27,525	8,845
41 Wholesale trade	157,365	104,885	52,475	23,850	17,040	6,805
44-45 Retail trade	508,170	239,625	268,545	68,970	31,850	37,120
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	187,550	142,550	45,000	27,595	21,255	6,335
51 Information and cultural industries	100,775	59,705	41,070	9,700	5,555	4,145
52 Finance and insurance	165,140	66,175	98,965	21,030	7,795	13,235
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	61,380	36,505	24,875	11,885	6,740	5,140
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	288,715	161,030	127,685	43,990	25,335	18,650
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,305	1,270	2,035	830	360	475
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	176,185	108,280	67,905	23,545	13,765	9,775
61 Educational services	306,575	96,170	210,405	44,440	15,340	29,100
62 Health care and social assistance	532,680	99,380	433,295	73,385	13,740	59,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	84,130	44,235	39,895	11,375	5,640	5,735
72 Accommodation and food services	278,500	123,235	155,265	43,815	18,730	25,085
81 Other services (except public administration)	193,700	89,455	104,245	28,030	12,915	15,115
91 Public administration	264,085	135,455	128,630	43,820	22,315	21,505
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	560,540	294,445	266,090
Worked at home	266,285	134,325	131,960	27,645	12,470	15,175
Worked outside Canada	10,600	7,580	3,020	1,440	960	485
No fixed workplace address	351,595	265,405	86,185	77,355	58,910	18,450
Worked at usual place	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050	454,090	222,110	231,980
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050	454,090	222,110	231,980
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,732,155	810,895	921,260	362,295	165,935	196,355
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	485,450	234,700	250,750	80,510	48,080	32,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,037,125	549,095	488,030	9,440	6,930	2,510
Commute to a different province or territory	66,125	35,110	31,015	1,845	1,170	680
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240	531,450	281,020	250,430
Car, truck, van - as a driver	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625	398,410	224,510	173,900
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	133,760	51,045	82,715	27,915	10,555	17,355
Public transit	503,285	217,465	285,820	71,180	28,610	42,570
Walked	205,350	93,595	111,760	20,705	8,935	11,770
Bicycle	54,625	36,470	18,155	5,970	3,870	2,105
Other method	36,010	20,845	15,170	7,270	4,540	2,740
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240	531,450	281,020	250,430
Less than 15 minutes	1,035,455	493,225	542,235	107,615	48,000	59,610
15 to 29 minutes	1,200,455	617,010	583,445	219,945	117,590	102,360
30 to 44 minutes	777,955	425,640	352,310	133,270	74,725	58,545
45 to 59 minutes	343,540	184,440	159,100	39,970	22,225	17,750
60 minutes and over	315,035	174,875	140,160	30,645	18,480	12,170
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240	531,445	281,020	250,430
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	256,150	192,835	63,315	37,360	27,610	9,755
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	675,585	420,120	255,465	103,015	63,515	39,500
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,133,510	527,925	605,580	160,265	81,685	78,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	714,935	296,300	418,630	92,875	41,440	51,435
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	349,845	148,715	201,125	55,800	23,985	31,815
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	542,425	309,295	233,125	82,130	42,775	39,355
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655	651,905	343,580	308,320
Single responses	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385	644,785	340,120	304,665
Official languages	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420	638,750	337,080	301,670
English	541,720	294,935	246,780	636,670	336,330	300,345
French	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640	2,075	750	1,325
Non-official languages	34,160	17,190	16,970	6,035	3,040	2,995
Aboriginal languages	12,670	6,180	6,490	10	10	0
Algonquian languages	8,350	4,095	4,260	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	8,285	4,060	4,220	10	0	0
Atikamekw	1,100	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	1,800	840	960	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	210	105	100	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	20	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5,145	2,515	2,630	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	20	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	25	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	30	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	4,305	2,080	2,220	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	4,290	2,075	2,215	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	15	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,490	11,005	10,480	6,030	3,035	2,990
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,895	1,125	775	500	295	200
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	50	20	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,860	1,110	745	435	270	170
Amharic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Arabic	1,715	1,045	665	320	215	100
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	140	70	70	20	10	15
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15	0	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,725	850	870	415	185	230
Khmer (Cambodian)	315	140	175	10	0	10
Vietnamese	1,410	710	695	405	180	225
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	310	175	135
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0	20	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	50	60	290	165	120
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	275	90	190	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	265	90	175	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	25	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	145	75	70	10	10	10
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,165	5,255	4,910	2,040	1,070	970
Albanian	30	20	10	10	0	10
Armenian	275	130	145	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,130	500	635	285	145	140
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,115	495	625	290	145	140
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	10	10	0
Bulgarian	55	20	30	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	170	65	105	115	60	55
Russian	735	340	395	70	25	45
Serbian	10	15	0	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	35	75	70	40	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,285	575	715	60	20	35
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	0	0	0	10
Dutch	25	10	15	10	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	370	170	195	35	20	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	860	375	485	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	525	260	270	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,385	780	600	1,250	700	545
Indo-Aryan languages	680	390	295	1,180	655	525
Bengali	110	70	35	15	0	10
Gujarati	20	0	10	65	10	50
Hindi	35	20	15	105	55	45
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	0	10	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	415	225	190	955	565	390
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	85	50	35	40	15	25
Iranian languages	700	395	305	65	50	25
Kurdish	15	0	15	15	15	0
Pashto	10	0	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	675	385	285	55	35	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,525	2,990	2,540	440	195	240
Catalan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Italian	590	315	275	15	0	10
Portuguese	635	365	270	45	25	20
Romanian	320	140	175	10	0	10
Spanish	3,975	2,165	1,810	385	175	210
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	235	80	150	30	10	25
Kartvelian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	300	150	150	260	120	140
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	25	20	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	205	60	140	85	45	40
American Sign Language	0	0	0	70	30	40
Quebec Sign Language	125	20	110	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	30	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,070	3,125	2,945	2,280	1,080	1,200
Chinese languages	6,075	3,130	2,950	2,270	1,070	1,200
Cantonese	2,655	1,325	1,330	1,470	725	745
Hakka	0	0	0	10	10	10
Mandarin	3,100	1,630	1,465	690	305	385
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	40	30	15	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	235	130	110	85	30	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	40	75	10	0	10
Lao	55	25	30	0	0	0
Thai	55	10	40	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	110	60	50	45	20	25
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	110	55	55	40	20	20
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	10	40	10	10	0
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Hungarian	35	0	35	10	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	0
Multiple responses	341,900	182,635	159,265	7,115	3,460	3,655
English and French	315,620	169,365	146,255	1,605	775	825
English and non-official language	6,545	3,655	2,890	5,375	2,625	2,750
French and non-official language	7,525	3,460	4,065	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language	12,205	6,160	6,055	115	55	65
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655	651,900	343,580	308,320
None	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690	622,550	328,930	293,615
English	1,031,380	555,940	475,440	3,970	1,750	2,220
French	317,490	169,785	147,705	7,215	3,550	3,670
Non-official language	49,850	25,900	23,950	17,700	9,120	8,585
Aboriginal	4,985	2,285	2,705	220	75	145
Non-Aboriginal	44,865	23,620	21,245	17,485	9,045	8,440
English and French	2,185	1,040	1,140	0	0	0
English and non-official language	14,910	7,255	7,655	70	30	40
French and non-official language	6,855	3,795	3,055	395	205	190
English, French and non-official language	65	50	20	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575	1,028,280	513,200	515,075
Non-movers	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195	853,945	425,590	428,355
Movers	914,800	450,420	464,380	174,330	87,605	86,725
Non-migrants	547,410	269,850	277,560	123,830	62,750	61,080
Migrants	367,385	180,565	186,820	50,500	24,860	25,640
Internal migrants	305,465	149,335	156,135	34,715	17,410	17,300
Intraprovincial migrants	284,280	137,945	146,330	22,175	11,125	11,055
Interprovincial migrants	21,190	11,385	9,805	12,535	6,290	6,245
External migrants	61,920	31,235	30,685	15,790	7,445	8,340
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805	975,065	485,995	489,075
Non-movers	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065	513,435	253,770	259,665
Movers	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740	461,635	232,225	229,410
Non-migrants	1,507,665	741,220	766,440	270,615	135,900	134,715
Migrants	1,187,425	584,125	603,295	191,015	96,320	94,695
Internal migrants	949,170	464,830	484,340	119,780	60,745	59,040
Intraprovincial migrants	893,800	436,525	457,270	59,780	29,395	30,380
Interprovincial migrants	55,370	28,300	27,070	60,005	31,340	28,660
External migrants	238,250	119,295	118,960	71,235	35,580	35,655

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Quebec [Province] and Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta

Census Profile, 2016 Census Quebec [Province] and Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta