Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Quebec [Province]			Oshawa Ontario [Population centre]
	Data quality , Quebec [Province] Map : Quebec [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	8,164,361	...	...	308,875	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	7,903,001	...	...	290,704^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	3,858,943	...	...	116,268	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	3,531,663	...	...	113,297	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.0	...	...	1,998.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,356,625.27	...	...	154.57	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605	308,870	150,505	158,365
0 to 14 years	1,333,260	682,535	650,720	56,210	28,825	27,380
0 to 4 years	444,930	227,965	216,970	17,335	8,900	8,440
5 to 9 years	469,165	240,225	228,940	19,420	9,920	9,500
10 to 14 years	419,160	214,345	204,815	19,455	10,010	9,445
15 to 64 years	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280	207,870	101,970	105,895
15 to 19 years	429,825	219,070	210,755	19,950	10,070	9,880
20 to 24 years	500,100	252,600	247,500	20,485	10,545	9,940
25 to 29 years	495,410	248,030	247,380	18,135	9,190	8,945
30 to 34 years	515,505	256,440	259,070	19,180	9,345	9,840
35 to 39 years	550,540	274,595	275,945	20,210	9,535	10,670
40 to 44 years	506,525	254,100	252,425	21,555	10,400	11,150
45 to 49 years	519,425	260,410	259,015	22,715	10,935	11,780
50 to 54 years	619,435	309,070	310,370	25,885	12,655	13,230
55 to 59 years	636,475	314,190	322,285	22,385	11,030	11,355
60 to 64 years	562,670	276,140	286,535	17,365	8,255	9,110
65 years and over	1,495,195	669,590	825,605	44,795	19,710	25,090
65 to 69 years	488,175	236,395	251,775	14,950	6,935	8,015
70 to 74 years	373,590	176,905	196,690	10,450	4,900	5,550
75 to 79 years	256,905	116,020	140,890	7,640	3,370	4,270
80 to 84 years	187,835	78,390	109,450	5,770	2,500	3,270
85 years and over	188,685	61,885	126,805	5,985	2,005	3,980
85 to 89 years	120,635	43,795	76,840	3,765	1,400	2,365
90 to 94 years	53,165	15,155	38,015	1,760	510	1,255
95 to 99 years	13,035	2,685	10,350	405	85	315
100 years and over	1,850	255	1,600	60	15	45
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.7	18.2	19.2	17.3
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.3	64.4	67.3	67.8	66.9
65 years and over	18.3	16.7	19.9	14.5	13.1	15.8
85 years and over	2.3	1.5	3.1	1.9	1.3	2.5
Average age of the population	41.9	40.9	42.9	39.5	38.5	40.6
Median age of the population	42.5	41.4	43.6	40.1	38.9	41.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	3,531,660	...	...	113,300	...	...
Single-detached house	1,602,680	...	...	70,795	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	187,800	...	...	10,340	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,717,680	...	...	32,150	...	...
Semi-detached house	188,245	...	...	6,625	...	...
Row house	93,350	...	...	12,140	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265,195	...	...	4,555	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,154,955	...	...	8,665	...	...
Other single-attached house	15,940	...	...	160	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	23,505	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	3,531,665	...	...	113,295	...	...
1 person	1,175,230	...	...	24,895	...	...
2 persons	1,227,765	...	...	35,030	...	...
3 persons	489,460	...	...	20,590	...	...
4 persons	426,250	...	...	20,930	...	...
5 or more persons	212,960	...	...	11,855	...	...
Number of persons in private households	7,965,455	...	...	305,320	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885	252,660	121,675	130,985
Married or living common law	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395	144,075	71,950	72,120
Married	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260	121,020	60,445	60,575
Living common law	1,501,160	752,025	749,135	23,055	11,510	11,550
Not married and not living common law	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490	108,585	49,725	58,865
Never married	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280	70,820	37,630	33,195
Separated	103,625	46,390	57,240	8,690	3,550	5,140
Divorced	483,195	194,430	288,760	15,705	5,780	9,925
Widowed	389,555	84,345	305,210	13,370	2,770	10,600
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,257,560	...	...	88,120	...	...
2 persons	1,204,955	...	...	38,965	...	...
3 persons	466,310	...	...	20,870	...	...
4 persons	412,160	...	...	20,335	...	...
5 or more persons	174,140	...	...	7,950	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,257,560	...	...	88,120	...	...
Total couple families	1,878,095	...	...	70,810	...	...
Married couples	1,128,355	...	...	59,290	...	...
Common-law couples	749,740	...	...	11,520	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	379,460	...	...	17,305	...	...
Female parent	284,900	...	...	13,810	...	...
Male parent	94,565	...	...	3,500	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,878,095	...	...	70,810	...	...
Couples without children	970,260	...	...	28,850	...	...
Couples with children	907,840	...	...	41,960	...	...
1 child	356,640	...	...	15,660	...	...
2 children	384,875	...	...	18,795	...	...
3 or more children	166,315	...	...	7,505	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	379,465	...	...	17,305	...	...
1 child	234,695	...	...	10,115	...	...
2 children	109,670	...	...	5,210	...	...
3 or more children	35,100	...	...	1,985	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,579,070	775,765	803,305	41,490	19,335	22,150
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	3,531,660	...	...	113,295	...	...
One-census-family households	2,197,340	...	...	81,475	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	947,305	...	...	26,375	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,250,040	...	...	55,100	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	29,595	...	...	3,250	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,304,725	...	...	28,575	...	...
One-person households	1,175,230	...	...	24,895	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	129,500	...	...	3,680	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285	306,450	149,630	156,820
English only	372,445	187,595	184,860	281,545	139,105	142,430
French only	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095	240	110	135
English and French	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275	22,550	9,590	12,965
Neither English nor French	75,065	31,000	44,060	2,115	830	1,290
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	306,455	149,635	156,820
English	964,120	482,985	481,135	298,030	145,865	152,160
French	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560	5,385	2,540	2,840
English and French	278,710	144,060	134,655	1,010	445	565
Neither English nor French	72,775	29,845	42,930	2,035	785	1,250
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,103,480	555,015	548,465	5,890	2,765	3,120
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	13.7	14.0	13.4	1.9	1.8	2.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	306,455	149,635	156,820
Single responses	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975	301,280	147,155	154,125
Official languages	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845	261,250	128,085	133,165
English	601,155	301,860	299,300	255,790	125,500	130,285
French	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550	5,460	2,580	2,880
Non-official languages	1,060,830	517,700	543,125	40,030	19,075	20,955
Aboriginal languages	45,570	22,530	23,040	35	10	15
Algonquian languages	33,140	16,365	16,770	15	5	10
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	31,430	15,575	15,855	10	5	5
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,715	4,155	4,555	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	590	285	305	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	135	55	80	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	35	15	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	5	5	0
Woods Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15,790	7,920	7,875	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	485	225	260	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	485	220	260	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,215	565	645	5	0	5
Algonquin	1,185	555	630	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	10	15	5	0	5
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,970	5,955	6,015	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	11,895	5,925	5,970	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	75	25	45	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	375	165	210	5	5	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	365	160	210	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	65	30	35	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,015,260	495,175	520,090	40,000	19,060	20,940
Afro-Asiatic languages	197,535	104,185	93,355	1,985	1,055	930
Berber languages	20,845	11,125	9,720	5	0	0
Kabyle	12,470	6,625	5,840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,375	4,500	3,875	5	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,125	545	580	45	25	25
Bilen	10	10	5	0	0	0
Oromo	15	10	5	10	5	0
Somali	1,075	515	560	35	15	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	175,215	92,310	82,900	1,935	1,030	905
Amharic	745	340	405	65	35	30
Arabic	169,890	89,590	80,300	1,565	860	705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	150	80	70	15	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	10	0	5
Harari	0	5	5	10	5	5
Hebrew	3,885	2,040	1,845	25	10	10
Maltese	25	10	15	205	95	110
Tigrigna	385	185	205	30	15	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	110	60	50	20	5	15
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	200	155	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	36,305	17,030	19,275	460	200	255
Khmer (Cambodian)	8,855	4,105	4,750	35	15	15
Vietnamese	27,425	12,920	14,505	420	185	235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	5	0	5
Austronesian languages	21,635	7,800	13,835	2,220	860	1,355
Bikol	115	35	80	5	0	5
Cebuano	885	270	610	75	25	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	410	125	275	25	10	15
Ilocano	2,060	745	1,315	55	25	30
Malagasy	1,250	590	660	5	0	5
Malay	705	265	440	60	25	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	205	90	110	15	5	5
Pangasinan	95	40	50	5	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15,545	5,480	10,065	1,955	750	1,200
Waray-Waray	50	10	40	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	320	140	180	5	5	5
Creole languages	56,990	25,220	31,770	160	70	90
Haitian Creole	2,220	1,055	1,170	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	53,785	23,675	30,110	65	25	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	980	490	490	75	35	40
Dravidian languages	14,865	7,435	7,430	2,015	995	1,025
Kannada	240	130	110	35	15	15
Malayalam	440	235	205	235	130	110
Tamil	13,600	6,715	6,880	1,630	795	840
Telugu	570	345	230	110	55	55
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	553,045	269,625	283,420	27,215	13,105	14,110
Albanian	2,795	1,420	1,370	95	50	45
Armenian	16,430	7,970	8,460	125	55	70
Balto-Slavic languages	68,155	30,960	37,195	6,555	2,955	3,595
Baltic languages	850	335	515	105	50	55
Latvian	290	120	175	55	25	30
Lithuanian	555	215	340	50	20	25
Slavic languages	67,310	30,630	36,675	6,450	2,910	3,540
Belarusan	80	45	35	5	5	5
Bosnian	1,620	805	815	20	10	10
Bulgarian	6,985	3,385	3,600	65	25	35
Croatian	2,330	1,165	1,170	345	180	170
Czech	1,465	690	775	120	60	60
Macedonian	205	105	95	635	315	320
Polish	13,935	6,065	7,865	2,865	1,250	1,610
Russian	28,565	12,715	15,850	635	260	375
Serbian	3,140	1,590	1,545	385	205	180
Serbo-Croatian	1,805	865	940	40	25	20
Slovak	1,040	455	585	170	65	105
Slovene (Slovenian)	755	350	405	170	80	90
Ukrainian	5,210	2,285	2,920	960	415	550
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	175	90	85	20	10	10
Celtic languages	155	95	60	45	20	25
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	10	20	10	10
Welsh	40	20	20	20	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	5	5	0
Germanic languages	27,540	13,280	14,260	3,085	1,375	1,710
Afrikaans	125	60	65	70	30	40
Danish	395	190	200	85	40	40
Dutch	2,825	1,395	1,430	1,135	510	620
Frisian	10	10	0	30	15	15
German	13,670	6,340	7,330	1,655	725	930
Icelandic	65	30	35	5	0	5
Norwegian	200	100	100	25	10	10
Swedish	555	255	300	45	30	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	540	240	300	20	10	15
Yiddish	8,985	4,560	4,420	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	5	0	0
Greek	38,635	19,435	19,205	1,065	540	525
Indo-Iranian languages	76,040	39,205	36,835	7,500	3,795	3,700
Indo-Aryan languages	45,845	23,875	21,970	5,660	2,840	2,815
Bengali	10,995	5,620	5,380	475	245	235
Gujarati	6,070	2,980	3,090	815	405	410
Hindi	3,030	1,635	1,390	550	275	275
Kashmiri	20	15	5	0	0	0
Konkani	110	60	55	20	10	10
Marathi	255	145	110	50	25	25
Nepali	1,505	740	765	15	5	10
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	10	10	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,380	6,720	5,660	745	385	360
Sindhi	330	160	165	90	40	50
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	645	310	330	175	80	95
Urdu	10,470	5,460	5,010	2,705	1,360	1,350
Iranian languages	29,760	15,105	14,655	1,805	940	865
Kurdish	985	550	430	35	20	10
Pashto	1,285	680	610	165	90	80
Persian (Farsi)	27,490	13,875	13,615	1,605	830	775
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	440	225	210	30	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages	323,290	157,260	166,030	8,750	4,305	4,445
Catalan	320	170	150	5	5	5
Italian	104,600	51,705	52,895	3,275	1,700	1,580
Portuguese	36,770	17,735	19,035	1,950	950	1,000
Romanian	35,840	17,170	18,665	615	275	340
Spanish	145,635	70,405	75,235	2,900	1,380	1,520
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	125	75	50	5	0	5
Japanese	2,525	775	1,750	105	40	65
Kartvelian languages	170	80	85	0	0	0
Georgian	170	80	90	0	0	0
Korean	5,160	2,270	2,890	360	180	180
Mongolic languages	190	75	115	0	5	0
Mongolian	195	80	115	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	28,355	14,360	13,995	540	260	280
Akan (Twi)	1,050	520	525	85	35	50
Bamanankan	1,200	655	545	5	0	0
Edo	75	45	30	10	5	5
Ewe	730	400	325	10	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,055	1,080	970	10	5	5
Ga	80	40	40	15	5	5
Ganda	35	15	20	10	5	5
Igbo	120	70	50	55	30	25
Lingala	2,465	1,185	1,285	15	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,345	1,600	1,745	20	5	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,500	1,115	1,380	15	10	5
Shona	85	45	40	40	20	25
Swahili	3,010	1,460	1,545	75	40	40
Wolof	3,230	1,745	1,485	0	0	0
Yoruba	255	155	100	85	45	40
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	8,135	4,235	3,895	100	50	50
Nilo-Saharan languages	345	180	165	10	5	5
Dinka	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	335	170	165	10	5	0
Sign languages	1,330	700	630	80	30	45
American Sign Language	65	35	30	35	15	20
Quebec Sign Language	670	330	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	595	340	255	45	20	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	76,840	35,775	41,065	3,560	1,645	1,915
Chinese languages	76,490	35,600	40,895	3,540	1,635	1,910
Cantonese	24,375	11,505	12,875	1,365	635	730
Hakka	470	215	260	35	15	20
Mandarin	43,700	20,175	23,525	1,900	880	1,020
Min Dong	20	10	15	5	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,225	1,480	1,745	60	25	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,075	465	605	40	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,535	1,710	1,825	130	55	80
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	345	175	170	20	10	5
Burmese	80	30	50	5	5	0
Karenic languages	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	110	65	50	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	10	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages	4,895	2,185	2,710	155	65	90
Lao	4,115	1,995	2,120	40	20	25
Thai	765	180	585	115	45	70
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	7,980	4,095	3,880	145	75	65
Azerbaijani	290	160	130	10	5	5
Turkish	7,155	3,685	3,470	125	65	60
Uyghur	205	100	105	5	5	5
Uzbek	145	70	75	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	185	80	105	5	0	5
Uralic languages	6,400	2,985	3,410	975	470	505
Estonian	195	75	120	65	45	30
Finnish	360	125	240	120	50	70
Hungarian	5,835	2,790	3,045	785	375	405
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	685	385	300	10	5	0
Multiple responses	184,905	92,600	92,310	5,170	2,475	2,695
English and French	72,395	36,695	35,695	925	440	485
English and non-official language	27,485	13,545	13,945	3,955	1,895	2,060
French and non-official language	67,075	33,110	33,970	160	80	80
English, French and non-official language	17,950	9,245	8,705	130	60	70
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285	306,455	149,635	156,820
Single responses	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425	296,925	145,080	151,840
Official languages	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685	280,535	137,320	143,215
English	782,185	391,125	391,060	278,415	136,310	142,110
French	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625	2,115	1,010	1,110
Non-official languages	585,890	283,150	302,735	16,385	7,760	8,630
Aboriginal languages	40,190	20,205	19,980	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	28,695	14,385	14,310	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	28,110	14,105	14,005	0	0	0
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	7,375	3,590	3,790	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	590	295	290	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	60	30	30	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	14,590	7,355	7,235	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	220	115	110	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	220	110	105	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	370	170	200	0	0	0
Algonquin	360	165	195	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,375	5,770	5,615	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	11,350	5,750	5,600	0	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	35	30	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	545,695	262,940	282,755	16,385	7,755	8,630
Afro-Asiatic languages	91,660	46,550	45,110	830	415	410
Berber languages	7,495	3,895	3,605	0	0	0
Kabyle	5,105	2,660	2,450	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,390	1,235	1,150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	535	240	295	30	10	15
Bilen	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oromo	5	0	0	5	5	0
Somali	520	230	290	20	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	83,520	42,365	41,160	795	400	395
Amharic	340	150	185	15	5	10
Arabic	81,105	41,150	39,955	700	355	345
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	95	50	45	10	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	5	0	5
Harari	5	0	5	5	0	0
Hebrew	1,705	880	825	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	45	20	25
Tigrigna	205	95	105	5	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	24,980	11,675	13,305	280	120	155
Khmer (Cambodian)	5,180	2,370	2,805	15	5	5
Vietnamese	19,790	9,295	10,495	265	115	150
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,715	3,960	5,750	650	290	355
Bikol	15	5	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	230	100	125	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	130	55	75	10	0	5
Ilocano	740	305	435	5	5	5
Malagasy	360	185	170	5	0	0
Malay	175	85	95	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	5	0	0
Pangasinan	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,905	3,150	4,760	595	270	325
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	5	0	0
Creole languages	20,705	8,780	11,925	45	20	20
Haitian Creole	855	380	475	10	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	19,405	8,200	11,210	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	440	200	240	20	10	10
Dravidian languages	11,400	5,595	5,805	1,265	605	660
Kannada	150	85	65	5	5	5
Malayalam	200	100	100	130	75	55
Tamil	10,720	5,215	5,500	1,065	500	570
Telugu	330	190	135	65	30	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	303,215	146,100	157,115	10,160	4,780	5,385
Albanian	1,615	795	820	45	25	20
Armenian	11,990	5,680	6,310	55	25	30
Balto-Slavic languages	40,405	19,085	21,325	2,360	1,055	1,305
Baltic languages	190	80	105	15	10	10
Latvian	75	40	40	5	5	0
Lithuanian	115	40	70	10	5	5
Slavic languages	40,220	19,000	21,220	2,340	1,045	1,295
Belarusan	25	15	15	5	0	0
Bosnian	965	475	495	5	5	5
Bulgarian	5,125	2,495	2,630	30	15	15
Croatian	1,015	475	545	80	40	45
Czech	460	220	240	20	10	10
Macedonian	130	65	65	165	70	95
Polish	5,970	2,695	3,270	1,195	545	650
Russian	20,680	9,775	10,900	320	140	185
Serbian	2,010	1,020	990	190	90	100
Serbo-Croatian	960	470	490	15	10	5
Slovak	245	120	130	40	20	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	225	95	135	35	15	20
Ukrainian	2,365	1,060	1,300	235	90	145
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	5	0
Celtic languages	30	20	10	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	9,890	4,980	4,905	240	95	145
Afrikaans	15	10	10	20	10	10
Danish	50	25	25	5	0	0
Dutch	375	170	205	65	25	40
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	5
German	2,550	1,190	1,365	145	60	90
Icelandic	30	15	20	5	0	0
Norwegian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Swedish	105	50	60	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	40	0	0	0
Yiddish	6,665	3,485	3,180	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	18,545	8,865	9,680	295	140	150
Indo-Iranian languages	53,555	26,845	26,710	4,055	1,970	2,085
Indo-Aryan languages	31,575	15,985	15,585	3,020	1,475	1,545
Bengali	8,180	4,055	4,125	250	125	130
Gujarati	3,840	1,860	1,985	395	185	210
Hindi	1,535	790	745	240	110	130
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	30	15	15	10	5	0
Marathi	80	40	40	35	15	15
Nepali	1,355	655	700	10	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	5	10	5	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,840	4,690	4,155	385	195	195
Sindhi	135	65	75	25	15	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	365	185	180	60	30	30
Urdu	7,180	3,620	3,565	1,600	785	815
Iranian languages	21,745	10,740	11,010	1,030	495	535
Kurdish	510	280	235	20	5	5
Pashto	925	460	465	90	45	45
Persian (Farsi)	20,310	10,005	10,305	925	440	480
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	235	120	120	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	167,190	79,835	87,355	3,115	1,465	1,650
Catalan	110	50	60	0	0	0
Italian	32,935	14,595	18,340	830	365	465
Portuguese	17,260	8,250	9,005	665	305	355
Romanian	24,520	12,000	12,525	285	130	150
Spanish	92,330	44,920	47,415	1,340	660	680
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Japanese	1,050	425	620	50	20	25
Kartvelian languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Georgian	70	40	35	0	0	0
Korean	3,540	1,630	1,910	200	105	100
Mongolic languages	145	70	75	5	0	5
Mongolian	145	70	75	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	7,250	3,450	3,800	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	445	215	235	20	10	10
Bamanankan	265	135	125	0	0	0
Edo	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ewe	140	60	80	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	530	255	280	5	5	5
Ga	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ganda	5	5	5	0	0	5
Igbo	15	10	10	10	5	0
Lingala	625	270	355	5	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,110	510	600	15	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	530	225	305	10	0	5
Shona	20	10	10	0	5	0
Swahili	1,100	535	565	10	5	5
Wolof	1,035	555	480	0	0	0
Yoruba	55	25	25	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,350	635	710	20	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	70	65	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	65	65	5	0	0
Sign languages	1,770	1,000	775	130	75	55
American Sign Language	90	35	50	45	20	20
Quebec Sign Language	700	360	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	985	600	385	85	55	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	60,370	28,925	31,450	2,280	1,095	1,180
Chinese languages	60,155	28,805	31,345	2,275	1,090	1,180
Cantonese	17,845	8,470	9,375	775	365	405
Hakka	155	75	80	10	5	5
Mandarin	37,075	17,870	19,200	1,370	655	715
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,830	830	1,000	20	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	780	355	420	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,435	1,190	1,240	85	40	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	215	115	100	0	5	0
Burmese	35	15	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	65	40	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	70	45	30	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	2,375	1,145	1,230	95	40	50
Lao	2,150	1,055	1,100	20	5	15
Thai	225	90	135	75	30	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5,120	2,540	2,575	65	30	30
Azerbaijani	100	50	55	0	0	0
Turkish	4,715	2,340	2,370	55	30	25
Uyghur	140	75	70	5	0	5
Uzbek	105	50	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,025	895	1,130	225	105	120
Estonian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Finnish	50	20	30	10	5	5
Hungarian	1,945	860	1,085	210	100	115
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	90	60	0	0	0
Multiple responses	322,820	157,960	164,860	9,530	4,555	4,980
English and French	86,715	43,820	42,890	735	325	405
English and non-official language	54,400	26,255	28,140	8,505	4,090	4,415
French and non-official language	139,385	66,610	72,775	55	30	30
English, French and non-official language	42,320	21,270	21,045	235	110	125
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285	306,450	149,635	156,820
None	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900	279,305	136,955	142,355
English	513,410	263,670	249,735	8,570	4,195	4,370
French	320,370	158,340	162,030	3,930	1,610	2,320
Non-official language	317,790	154,450	163,340	14,155	6,650	7,505
Aboriginal	5,700	2,645	3,060	40	20	25
Non-Aboriginal	312,085	151,810	160,280	14,110	6,635	7,480
English and French	36,235	18,285	17,955	90	35	55
English and non-official language	28,630	14,075	14,555	175	85	90
French and non-official language	23,470	11,365	12,095	225	95	130
English, French and non-official language	1,420	740	680	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	249,200	120,355	128,840
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	237,025	114,565	122,455
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,975	37,842	28,522	37,288	45,552	30,448
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400	237,105	114,570	122,535
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,535	33,110	26,119	33,601	40,082	28,027
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220	212,645	105,190	107,450
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,067	35,597	25,012	36,236	45,045	28,220
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445	169,335	73,845	95,485
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,307	5,851	8,246	4,357	2,055	5,629
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370	181,770	93,550	88,220
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,263	35,627	27,219	37,046	44,323	31,266
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	249,305	120,360	128,945
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595	236,940	114,315	122,625
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,546	49,087	36,203	48,047	57,258	39,461
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890	237,050	114,320	122,730
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,887	39,292	30,616	39,666	46,182	33,597
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485	212,355	104,865	107,490
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,505	47,810	33,079	47,724	57,761	37,933
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050	169,215	73,600	95,615
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,590	7,846	9,229	7,387	6,637	7,965
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120	181,890	93,375	88,515
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,382	45,974	34,313	47,273	54,887	39,240
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	249,305	120,360	128,945
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025	88,700	49,340	39,370
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,111	51,622	42,433	60,172	66,671	53,529
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,564	62,750	49,085	69,160	76,995	59,340
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.4	88.3	79.1	89.0	92.5	84.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.4	71.4	64.6	75.3	78.2	71.5
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.6	11.7	20.9	11.0	7.5	15.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140	249,200	120,355	128,845
Without total income	216,685	99,555	117,125	12,180	5,790	6,390
With total income	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	237,025	114,570	122,450
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.9	96.5	95.1	95.2	95.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	789,595	351,935	437,660	34,370	14,715	19,660
$10,000 to $19,999	1,188,135	476,630	711,500	37,445	14,445	22,995
$20,000 to $29,999	976,210	428,390	547,830	28,745	10,885	17,860
$30,000 to $39,999	852,735	414,105	438,625	24,430	10,680	13,750
$40,000 to $49,999	747,995	378,215	369,780	24,115	11,490	12,630
$50,000 to $59,999	540,265	292,110	248,150	19,705	10,115	9,590
$60,000 to $69,999	375,935	214,805	161,130	15,415	8,535	6,880
$70,000 to $79,999	286,025	164,240	121,790	12,375	7,215	5,165
$80,000 to $89,999	189,350	113,715	75,635	10,065	5,930	4,130
$90,000 to $99,999	122,750	80,090	42,660	8,720	4,985	3,735
$100,000 and over	348,620	246,360	102,255	21,635	15,580	6,055
$100,000 to $149,999	236,515	164,145	72,370	15,725	10,945	4,780
$150,000 and over	112,105	82,215	29,885	5,915	4,630	1,280
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140	249,205	120,360	128,845
Without after-tax income	215,120	99,375	115,750	12,095	5,785	6,310
With after-tax income	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395	237,110	114,575	122,535
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	97.0	96.6	95.1	95.2	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	822,725	359,045	463,675	35,360	14,900	20,465
$10,000 to $19,999	1,246,480	505,165	741,315	39,130	15,145	23,985
$20,000 to $29,999	1,192,885	541,080	651,810	33,375	13,120	20,255
$30,000 to $39,999	1,096,510	553,200	543,315	30,715	13,995	16,720
$40,000 to $49,999	793,150	425,040	368,115	28,045	14,105	13,940
$50,000 to $59,999	498,475	283,130	215,345	20,825	11,495	9,330
$60,000 to $69,999	309,415	180,470	128,945	15,665	9,215	6,455
$70,000 to $79,999	167,895	108,500	59,395	12,430	7,275	5,155
$80,000 and over	291,635	205,155	86,485	21,560	15,325	6,235
$80,000 to $89,999	95,010	64,670	30,335	7,925	5,050	2,875
$90,000 to $99,999	55,980	39,080	16,905	4,670	3,340	1,330
$100,000 and over	140,645	101,405	39,240	8,965	6,935	2,030
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	249,200	120,360	128,845
Without employment income	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775	67,430	26,805	40,620
With employment income	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375	181,770	93,550	88,220
Percentage with employment income	69.8	73.9	65.8	72.9	77.7	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	606,300	311,780	294,520	27,695	14,365	13,330
$5,000 to $9,999	367,030	162,150	204,885	13,630	5,765	7,860
$10,000 to $19,999	681,920	305,995	375,920	21,355	9,120	12,230
$20,000 to $29,999	586,140	269,950	316,195	16,915	7,330	9,590
$30,000 to $39,999	565,425	277,135	288,285	16,095	7,070	9,025
$40,000 to $49,999	476,665	247,105	229,560	15,705	7,285	8,420
$50,000 to $59,999	359,180	203,580	155,600	14,205	7,260	6,945
$60,000 to $69,999	266,650	156,255	110,395	11,715	6,490	5,220
$70,000 to $79,999	224,040	129,890	94,150	10,020	5,870	4,150
$80,000 and over	494,440	344,585	149,855	34,440	22,995	11,450
$80,000 to $89,999	139,830	90,295	49,540	8,555	5,030	3,530
$90,000 to $99,999	93,860	64,160	29,700	7,720	4,415	3,300
$100,000 and over	260,745	190,125	70,620	18,165	13,545	4,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	3,531,665	...	...	113,295	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,822	...	...	83,981	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,207	...	...	72,753	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,175,230	...	...	24,895	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,574	...	...	40,123	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,469	...	...	35,464	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	2,356,430	...	...	88,400	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,645	...	...	99,406	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,665	...	...	85,377	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	3,531,665	...	...	113,345	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	77,306	...	...	100,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,404	...	...	82,958	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,174,695	...	...	24,870	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,042	...	...	48,653	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,262	...	...	40,546	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	2,356,970	...	...	88,475	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,878	...	...	114,998	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,426	...	...	94,880	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	3,531,665	...	...	113,295	...	...
Under $5,000	47,170	...	...	1,000	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	56,315	...	...	1,000	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	119,570	...	...	2,485	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180,865	...	...	3,040	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	179,690	...	...	3,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	154,150	...	...	3,440	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	185,000	...	...	3,715	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	184,435	...	...	3,760	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	179,855	...	...	4,205	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	170,445	...	...	3,990	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	313,600	...	...	8,175	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	273,620	...	...	7,830	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	241,940	...	...	7,425	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,620	...	...	7,065	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	176,355	...	...	6,805	...	...
$100,000 and over	860,030	...	...	45,670	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	327,435	...	...	13,995	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	204,105	...	...	10,485	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	192,155	...	...	12,170	...	...
$200,000 and over	136,335	...	...	9,020	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,531,660	...	...	113,295	...	...
Under $5,000	50,445	...	...	1,070	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	57,335	...	...	1,025	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120,860	...	...	2,510	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190,300	...	...	3,190	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	202,905	...	...	4,120	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	187,365	...	...	3,910	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	231,765	...	...	4,355	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	225,695	...	...	4,815	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	211,990	...	...	4,910	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	202,760	...	...	4,915	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	363,775	...	...	9,955	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	309,825	...	...	9,360	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	256,150	...	...	9,020	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,765	...	...	8,400	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	166,295	...	...	7,080	...	...
$100,000 and over	545,440	...	...	34,675	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	269,170	...	...	14,195	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	130,225	...	...	8,940	...	...
$150,000 and over	146,045	...	...	11,545	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,261,890	...	...	85,865	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,378	...	...	99,235	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,152	...	...	85,173	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	930,195	...	...	25,545	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,075	...	...	85,496	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,224	...	...	74,123	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	911,980	...	...	42,345	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,246	...	...	126,179	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,844	...	...	106,392	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	364,085	...	...	15,695	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,708	...	...	59,164	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,805	...	...	53,949	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,262,045	...	...	85,945	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,863	...	...	114,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,060	...	...	94,699	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	929,645	...	...	25,540	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,304	...	...	99,933	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,167	...	...	82,801	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	912,560	...	...	42,455	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,835	...	...	141,344	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,279	...	...	115,079	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	363,610	...	...	15,670	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,753	...	...	69,110	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,052	...	...	59,252	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,433,210	711,180	722,030	34,345	16,595	17,750
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,195	31,526	27,210	35,168	39,097	32,519
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,706	28,214	25,434	31,699	34,503	29,824
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,430,625	708,225	722,405	34,320	16,555	17,765
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,684	39,840	35,571	43,841	47,358	40,563
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,513	32,729	30,321	36,839	39,024	34,803
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970	305,320	149,130	156,185
In the bottom half of the distribution	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115	129,145	60,730	68,420
In the bottom decile	747,785	368,385	379,395	23,905	11,435	12,470
In the second decile	898,605	408,705	489,900	23,415	10,275	13,145
In the third decile	997,185	481,975	515,210	24,750	11,555	13,200
In the fourth decile	996,230	490,275	505,960	27,200	12,920	14,280
In the fifth decile	938,080	467,425	470,655	29,875	14,550	15,325
In the top half of the distribution	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855	176,165	88,400	87,770
In the sixth decile	881,640	444,865	436,775	32,075	15,855	16,220
In the seventh decile	806,685	409,470	397,220	34,520	17,080	17,435
In the eighth decile	700,450	357,000	343,455	37,420	18,730	18,690
In the ninth decile	557,160	286,195	270,960	40,180	20,360	19,820
In the top decile	441,630	227,185	214,445	31,975	16,375	15,600
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945	305,315	149,130	156,185
0 to 17 years	1,564,410	800,455	763,960	67,880	34,655	33,225
0 to 5 years	532,410	272,790	259,625	21,040	10,810	10,230
18 to 64 years	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980	195,060	95,450	99,615
65 years and over	1,335,220	620,210	715,010	42,375	19,025	23,345
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,160,190	542,405	617,785	33,550	15,290	18,265
0 to 17 years	222,955	114,410	108,540	10,015	5,115	4,895
0 to 5 years	75,270	38,595	36,670	3,395	1,745	1,655
18 to 64 years	688,130	334,825	353,305	19,845	9,000	10,840
65 years and over	249,110	93,170	155,930	3,695	1,175	2,525
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	13.8	15.4	11.0	10.3	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.2	14.8	14.8	14.7
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	14.1	14.1	16.1	16.1	16.2
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.4	14.0	10.2	9.4	10.9
65 years and over (%)	18.7	15.0	21.8	8.7	6.2	10.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	731,340	358,085	373,260	19,520	9,560	9,965
0 to 17 years	129,325	66,400	62,925	5,080	2,640	2,440
0 to 5 years	44,375	22,705	21,675	1,745	920	825
18 to 64 years	514,540	261,485	253,060	13,595	6,590	7,010
65 years and over	87,475	30,205	57,270	845	330	515
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	6.4	6.4	6.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.2	7.5	7.6	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.5	8.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	10.5	10.0	7.0	6.9	7.0
65 years and over (%)	6.6	4.9	8.0	2.0	1.7	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	305,535	149,205	156,325
Official languages	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890	303,445	148,330	155,110
English	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225	303,245	148,240	155,005
French	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200	22,730	9,805	12,925
Non-official languages	1,610,980	776,265	834,720	50,490	24,360	26,135
Aboriginal languages	50,890	25,190	25,700	85	30	55
Algonquian languages	37,515	18,545	18,965	60	20	40
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	34,415	17,050	17,370	30	10	25
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	9,850	4,735	5,115	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	775	385	385	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	260	130	130	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	0	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	35	25	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	0	10	15	0	15
Woods Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	17,175	8,600	8,575	10	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	885	460	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	880	460	425	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,340	1,105	1,235	30	10	15
Algonquin	2,240	1,055	1,185	0	0	0
Ojibway	105	50	50	30	10	15
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	15	10	10	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	12,595	6,270	6,330	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	12,485	6,210	6,270	0	0	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	115	60	60	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	740	360	375	15	15	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	690	350	335	15	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	15	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	10	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,560,375	751,215	809,160	50,405	24,330	26,080
Afro-Asiatic languages	301,035	157,545	143,490	2,505	1,330	1,175
Berber languages	27,595	14,650	12,945	0	0	0
Kabyle	16,170	8,580	7,590	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	11,580	6,150	5,425	10	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,550	745	805	50	30	20
Bilen	35	20	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	30	10	10	10	0
Somali	1,460	680	780	40	20	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	286,625	149,970	136,660	2,450	1,300	1,150
Amharic	1,145	540	600	75	45	25
Arabic	267,965	140,280	127,685	1,960	1,060	900
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	195	95	95	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	20	10	10
Harari	0	0	0	20	0	15
Hebrew	18,035	9,490	8,540	120	55	65
Maltese	40	10	25	250	115	135
Tigrigna	420	195	225	10	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	25	15	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	810	430	380	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	46,050	21,955	24,095	480	195	280
Khmer (Cambodian)	11,840	5,620	6,220	70	35	40
Vietnamese	34,580	16,520	18,060	410	160	250
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	31,230	11,820	19,410	2,985	1,170	1,820
Bikol	105	45	60	10	0	0
Cebuano	1,105	360	750	215	90	125
Fijian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	540	195	350	40	15	30
Ilocano	2,500	890	1,610	105	45	60
Malagasy	1,980	940	1,040	0	0	0
Malay	1,210	525	690	140	55	85
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	95	100	45	15	35
Pangasinan	60	20	40	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	26,705	9,785	16,915	2,670	1,045	1,625
Waray-Waray	55	10	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	540	270	275	35	20	20
Creole languages	115,445	51,970	63,475	545	245	300
Haitian Creole	4,910	2,285	2,620	25	10	20
Creole, n.o.s.	108,315	48,615	59,705	195	85	110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,835	1,390	1,445	325	155	165
Dravidian languages	18,710	9,495	9,210	2,670	1,360	1,315
Kannada	415	210	205	95	50	40
Malayalam	510	285	220	315	150	160
Tamil	17,245	8,680	8,565	2,225	1,150	1,075
Telugu	930	540	390	170	75	95
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	912,945	435,785	477,155	34,675	16,885	17,790
Albanian	3,375	1,730	1,645	110	55	55
Armenian	20,290	9,790	10,500	150	70	80
Balto-Slavic languages	88,425	41,725	46,700	7,715	3,635	4,080
Baltic languages	1,080	500	585	90	40	45
Latvian	335	150	185	50	25	25
Lithuanian	755	350	410	40	15	25
Slavic languages	87,520	41,315	46,205	7,640	3,600	4,040
Belarusan	365	150	215	10	10	0
Bosnian	1,975	990	985	60	35	25
Bulgarian	7,345	3,595	3,750	85	45	35
Croatian	3,580	1,760	1,820	575	290	290
Czech	2,070	975	1,095	245	130	115
Macedonian	285	140	145	780	385	400
Polish	17,760	8,090	9,665	3,180	1,460	1,720
Russian	46,665	22,265	24,400	1,010	415	595
Serbian	4,050	1,980	2,070	685	355	325
Serbo-Croatian	2,385	1,140	1,245	40	25	20
Slovak	1,520	705	820	180	90	85
Slovene (Slovenian)	970	490	480	200	85	115
Ukrainian	9,015	3,885	5,135	1,280	585	690
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	150	75	75	55	30	25
Celtic languages	495	305	195	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	155	95	65	60	35	30
Welsh	85	45	40	25	0	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	265	175	95	30	15	15
Germanic languages	63,370	31,835	31,530	4,005	1,770	2,230
Afrikaans	415	260	150	205	80	125
Danish	835	410	420	105	35	70
Dutch	5,060	2,665	2,395	1,165	510	655
Frisian	15	10	0	25	25	0
German	43,475	21,950	21,530	2,420	1,090	1,330
Icelandic	140	80	60	20	10	15
Norwegian	510	255	255	50	35	10
Swedish	1,580	785	795	80	40	40
Vlaams (Flemish)	760	265	495	20	10	15
Yiddish	12,375	6,225	6,155	20	10	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	10	0	10
Greek	51,060	25,520	25,540	1,600	805	795
Indo-Iranian languages	93,655	48,040	45,615	9,650	4,865	4,795
Indo-Aryan languages	59,570	30,870	28,700	7,840	3,930	3,910
Bengali	12,870	6,610	6,260	665	340	325
Gujarati	7,950	3,860	4,090	1,120	545	575
Hindi	15,570	8,285	7,280	2,400	1,230	1,180
Kashmiri	45	35	15	20	15	10
Konkani	150	70	75	45	30	20
Marathi	475	240	230	85	40	45
Nepali	1,445	725	720	30	15	10
Oriya (Odia)	55	35	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,860	9,690	8,165	1,535	810	725
Sindhi	500	240	255	140	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,335	625	710	415	170	245
Urdu	16,545	8,655	7,890	3,850	1,965	1,885
Iranian languages	35,420	17,830	17,585	1,920	980	940
Kurdish	1,255	665	590	20	15	0
Pashto	1,825	1,005	825	160	95	65
Persian (Farsi)	32,965	16,560	16,405	1,815	910	905
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	845	425	420	85	50	35
Italic (Romance) languages	627,545	293,620	333,920	12,155	6,050	6,100
Catalan	890	525	365	0	0	0
Italian	173,710	84,430	89,275	4,700	2,450	2,245
Portuguese	55,100	27,620	27,475	2,340	1,170	1,170
Romanian	42,655	20,550	22,110	810	375	430
Spanish	390,355	177,610	212,745	4,680	2,240	2,440
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	490	345	145	15	15	0
Japanese	7,040	3,340	3,695	235	90	145
Kartvelian languages	220	110	110	10	0	0
Georgian	215	105	110	0	0	10
Korean	6,260	2,825	3,430	390	200	195
Mongolic languages	270	135	130	0	0	0
Mongolian	265	135	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	52,840	26,665	26,175	1,110	535	570
Akan (Twi)	1,800	945	855	155	80	75
Bamanankan	2,385	1,240	1,145	15	10	10
Edo	190	95	95	20	10	15
Ewe	1,410	865	545	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	3,400	1,785	1,620	10	0	0
Ga	315	155	160	20	0	15
Ganda	90	40	55	0	0	0
Igbo	275	190	90	70	35	35
Lingala	9,630	4,430	5,200	115	70	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	4,490	2,210	2,285	50	15	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	3,535	1,640	1,895	75	40	35
Shona	150	75	80	80	35	45
Swahili	8,015	4,080	3,935	190	100	90
Wolof	6,555	3,545	3,015	10	0	0
Yoruba	885	485	395	185	85	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	17,720	9,125	8,595	310	150	155
Nilo-Saharan languages	695	345	350	15	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	695	345	350	15	10	0
Sign languages	7,775	3,095	4,675	555	210	345
American Sign Language	675	245	435	335	115	225
Quebec Sign Language	4,405	1,590	2,815	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,960	1,350	1,605	220	100	120
Sino-Tibetan languages	90,460	42,695	47,770	4,005	1,910	2,100
Chinese languages	90,060	42,480	47,580	3,980	1,895	2,085
Cantonese	31,885	14,900	16,980	1,680	755	925
Hakka	545	240	310	25	0	15
Mandarin	59,240	27,560	31,685	2,460	1,170	1,285
Min Dong	15	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,215	1,860	2,350	105	60	45
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,230	535	690	70	45	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	4,800	2,380	2,425	185	95	90
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	430	235	195	25	10	15
Burmese	140	75	60	15	10	10
Karenic languages	105	55	45	0	0	0
Tibetan	65	50	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	80	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages	7,280	3,400	3,880	185	130	60
Lao	5,785	2,850	2,935	90	45	40
Thai	2,255	875	1,375	115	80	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	12,475	6,265	6,210	190	105	90
Azerbaijani	510	275	235	15	10	15
Turkish	11,415	5,755	5,665	175	95	80
Uyghur	230	110	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	230	105	125	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	235	115	120	0	0	0
Uralic languages	7,870	3,710	4,160	1,065	565	505
Estonian	150	55	95	50	35	20
Finnish	500	195	305	125	65	65
Hungarian	7,215	3,450	3,765	890	465	425
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,140	1,170	970	45	25	20
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	305,535	149,205	156,325
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350	294,235	143,685	150,555
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,521,230	779,620	741,610	66,740	34,125	32,615
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740	227,495	109,560	117,935
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	379,910	188,245	191,665	11,300	5,520	5,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	305,530	149,205	156,325
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735	244,570	119,990	124,580
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,091,310	530,325	560,980	59,280	28,235	31,045
Before 1981	238,655	117,080	121,575	24,350	11,450	12,905
1981 to 1990	127,340	63,150	64,190	8,485	4,135	4,345
1991 to 2000	187,860	89,210	98,650	10,460	5,050	5,410
2001 to 2010	322,280	155,785	166,495	11,805	5,590	6,215
2001 to 2005	140,170	67,835	72,335	6,375	3,030	3,345
2006 to 2010	182,115	87,945	94,165	5,430	2,560	2,875
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	215,170	105,105	110,065	4,180	2,010	2,175
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	86,065	45,765	40,295	1,685	985	700
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,091,305	530,325	560,980	59,275	28,230	31,045
Under 5 years	112,930	54,600	58,330	7,015	3,595	3,425
5 to 14 years	174,020	87,165	86,855	12,835	6,470	6,360
15 to 24 years	215,350	98,880	116,475	14,370	6,420	7,950
25 to 44 years	515,770	256,095	259,675	21,560	10,245	11,320
45 years and over	73,230	33,590	39,640	3,500	1,505	1,995
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,091,305	530,330	560,980	59,275	28,235	31,045
Americas	247,505	113,190	134,315	14,590	6,625	7,970
Brazil	7,345	3,515	3,830	300	105	190
Colombia	25,580	11,645	13,935	320	155	165
El Salvador	11,120	5,500	5,615	220	115	105
Guyana	2,490	1,085	1,410	2,350	1,055	1,295
Haiti	80,965	35,375	45,585	110	45	60
Jamaica	4,665	2,040	2,625	4,280	1,905	2,370
Mexico	15,820	7,090	8,730	295	110	180
Peru	13,265	5,945	7,325	160	70	85
Trinidad and Tobago	4,075	1,840	2,240	2,055	1,015	1,040
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	25,955	12,800	13,155	1,910	795	1,120
Other places of birth in Americas	56,235	26,370	29,870	2,595	1,245	1,345
Europe	311,090	154,910	156,185	23,980	11,570	12,410
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,785	1,890	1,895	225	140	85
Croatia	2,140	1,085	1,050	385	180	205
France	81,225	43,490	37,735	190	125	70
Germany	9,750	4,365	5,390	1,405	705	705
Greece	18,420	9,135	9,285	650	350	300
Hungary	3,325	1,620	1,700	455	265	195
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	820	485	330	510	240	270
Italy	51,025	25,370	25,655	2,080	1,125	950
Netherlands	1,990	1,035	955	1,070	525	550
Poland	10,735	4,675	6,060	1,990	890	1,100
Portugal	18,985	9,185	9,800	1,090	555	540
Romania	28,695	13,695	15,005	715	340	370
Russian Federation	11,355	4,975	6,375	385	160	230
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,790	830	960	330	150	180
Ukraine	8,670	3,800	4,870	480	205	275
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	12,905	6,645	6,260	9,935	4,630	5,305
Other places of birth in Europe	45,500	22,630	22,870	2,080	990	1,095
Africa	241,410	125,250	116,165	3,185	1,610	1,570
Algeria	59,465	31,180	28,280	15	0	15
Egypt	19,490	10,290	9,200	375	195	175
Ethiopia	995	495	495	100	50	55
Kenya	785	355	430	180	75	100
Morocco	60,700	31,435	29,270	80	55	25
Nigeria	1,340	740	600	430	200	225
Somalia	580	270	310	40	25	15
South Africa, Republic of	865	475	385	455	245	205
Other places of birth in Africa	97,200	50,005	47,190	1,510	750	760
Asia	289,825	136,175	153,655	17,300	8,290	9,015
Afghanistan	7,280	3,640	3,640	870	430	440
Bangladesh	7,940	3,990	3,950	425	205	215
China^{Census data footnote 59}	49,555	19,905	29,655	2,085	940	1,145
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,730	2,290	2,435	475	225	250
India	17,865	9,195	8,670	2,995	1,515	1,480
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	17,760	8,880	8,885	450	245	205
Iraq	3,735	1,960	1,775	135	65	70
Japan	1,725	395	1,330	80	10	70
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,230	1,995	2,230	345	185	160
Lebanon	39,135	20,800	18,340	320	180	140
Pakistan	10,010	5,260	4,750	2,395	1,250	1,145
Philippines	24,410	9,040	15,370	2,920	1,185	1,735
Sri Lanka	10,715	5,335	5,380	1,705	810	890
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	17,775	8,800	8,980	45	25	20
Taiwan	2,735	1,100	1,635	105	50	55
Viet Nam	25,440	11,765	13,675	355	140	215
Other places of birth in Asia	44,795	21,840	22,950	1,600	815	790
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,480	805	670	220	145	80
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	215,170	105,105	110,065	4,185	2,010	2,175
Americas	47,710	22,625	25,085	925	490	430
Brazil	3,010	1,495	1,520	40	15	30
Colombia	7,540	3,465	4,075	55	25	25
Cuba	2,565	1,260	1,315	30	15	15
Haiti	16,880	7,690	9,190	30	15	15
Jamaica	190	140	55	210	140	75
Mexico	4,210	1,955	2,255	40	25	20
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,990	2,265	1,720	200	110	85
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,955	935	1,020	20	0	15
Other places of birth in Americas	7,365	3,425	3,935	305	150	155
Europe	39,320	20,085	19,235	495	250	250
France	20,030	10,855	9,175	10	10	0
Germany	580	250	330	15	10	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	105	35	25	20	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	3,750	1,695	2,055	10	0	10
Romania	2,945	1,260	1,685	55	25	30
Russian Federation	1,970	865	1,105	10	0	10
Ukraine	2,460	1,110	1,350	65	25	35
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	860	565	290	145	90	60
Other places of birth in Europe	6,590	3,385	3,205	175	75	105
Africa	74,200	37,110	37,090	470	250	220
Algeria	16,380	8,060	8,320	0	0	0
Cameroon	7,550	3,705	3,845	10	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	3,370	1,655	1,715	20	15	10
Côte d'Ivoire	5,070	2,505	2,565	20	10	10
Egypt	4,360	2,260	2,095	120	60	60
Eritrea	50	30	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	125	65	60	0	0	0
Morocco	13,475	6,675	6,805	0	0	0
Nigeria	540	280	260	85	50	40
Somalia	95	40	50	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	175	115	60	60	25	35
Tunisia	5,855	3,025	2,825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	17,155	8,690	8,470	150	85	65
Asia	53,595	25,070	28,525	2,245	985	1,255
Afghanistan	1,555	715	840	40	20	25
Bangladesh	860	455	405	50	25	25
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,705	4,805	5,895	360	160	200
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	35	80	10	0	0
India	2,960	1,555	1,405	495	235	265
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	7,505	3,545	3,960	80	40	40
Iraq	985	465	515	30	10	25
Israel	645	390	255	10	10	0
Japan	330	30	295	25	0	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	825	370	455	20	10	10
Lebanon	3,955	2,100	1,860	25	0	15
Nepal	360	165	195	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,815	920	895	295	145	150
Philippines	5,635	2,345	3,290	430	140	285
Saudi Arabia	435	210	225	65	40	25
Sri Lanka	860	380	480	140	65	70
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	7,455	3,740	3,715	0	0	10
Taiwan	170	60	105	15	10	10
Turkey	585	300	285	0	10	0
United Arab Emirates	300	160	145	20	10	10
Viet Nam	1,505	560	945	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	4,025	1,765	2,265	135	70	65
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	345	215	135	55	35	20
Australia	190	120	70	45	30	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	155	95	65	10	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	305,535	149,210	156,325
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,204,895	590,175	614,720	62,005	29,775	32,225
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	792,085	399,535	392,550	72,780	36,480	36,300
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745	170,750	82,950	87,800
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	867,685	420,465	447,220	35,785	17,165	18,620
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	469,015	243,915	225,100	16,385	8,270	8,120
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	224,720	137,975	86,745	6,355	4,055	2,300
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	244,300	105,945	138,360	10,035	4,220	5,815
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	241,225	96,130	145,095	13,605	5,785	7,830
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	146,295	75,100	71,195	5,430	2,955	2,470
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	11,150	5,320	5,825	360	155	205
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010	305,535	149,205	156,325
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	182,885	91,890	90,995	7,200	3,415	3,790
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	175,960	88,635	87,325	6,890	3,255	3,630
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	92,655	45,510	47,145	4,145	1,980	2,160
Métis	69,365	36,260	33,100	2,610	1,220	1,395
Inuk (Inuit)	13,940	6,865	7,075	130	60	70
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,760	1,330	1,430	140	70	70
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	4,170	1,930	2,245	175	90	90
Non-Aboriginal identity	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015	298,330	145,790	152,540
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	305,530	149,205	156,330
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	77,490	38,580	38,915	1,950	970	980
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100	303,585	148,240	155,350
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	305,535	149,205	156,325
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	118,780	58,535	60,245	1,070	485	585
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	115,480	56,930	58,550	1,040	480	560
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	87,700	42,730	44,965	710	325	380
Métis single ancestry	17,585	9,225	8,360	325	155	170
Inuit single ancestry	10,200	4,980	5,220	10	0	15
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,300	1,605	1,700	30	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,220	1,115	1,105	25	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	995	455	540	10	0	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	25	40	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	10	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	240,650	113,905	126,740	10,590	4,880	5,705
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	235,365	111,205	124,165	10,310	4,745	5,570
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	193,625	90,650	102,975	7,895	3,660	4,240
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	37,080	18,320	18,760	2,260	1,005	1,255
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,660	2,230	2,425	155	80	80
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	5,280	2,700	2,575	275	145	140
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,040	2,105	1,940	270	135	140
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	990	475	515	10	10	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	110	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030	293,875	143,840	150,035
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	305,530	149,205	156,325
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,032,365	505,180	527,185	59,270	29,335	29,930
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	90,335	46,750	43,585	14,755	7,635	7,120
Chinese	99,505	44,370	55,135	5,450	2,625	2,825
Black	319,230	154,110	165,120	19,775	9,550	10,225
Filipino	34,910	14,275	20,635	4,795	2,175	2,620
Latin American	133,920	64,655	69,260	2,740	1,370	1,370
Arab	213,740	113,420	100,320	2,030	1,095	930
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	62,820	29,960	32,865	1,045	495	550
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	32,405	16,200	16,210	1,805	905	900
Korean	8,055	3,865	4,190	515	295	220
Japanese	4,570	1,755	2,820	730	370	360
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,840	4,670	5,175	2,515	1,210	1,310
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	23,045	11,160	11,885	3,105	1,610	1,495
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830	246,265	119,870	126,395
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010	305,530	149,205	156,325
North American Aboriginal origins	359,430	172,440	186,985	11,660	5,365	6,295
First Nations (North American Indian)	289,610	137,550	152,065	8,910	4,125	4,785
Inuit	17,175	8,300	8,880	180	80	95
Métis	61,260	30,915	30,345	2,880	1,300	1,580
Other North American origins	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605	97,960	48,025	49,940
Acadian	34,785	16,440	18,345	460	225	235
American	45,050	21,470	23,580	3,640	1,665	1,975
Canadian	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555	94,950	46,640	48,305
New Brunswicker	750	370	380	15	15	0
Newfoundlander	570	280	295	630	305	320
Nova Scotian	365	155	215	50	40	10
Ontarian	1,345	660	685	65	30	35
Québécois	184,005	93,895	90,110	120	85	35
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	205	110	100	25	15	15
European origins	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825	215,690	104,500	111,185
British Isles origins	745,715	360,135	385,575	156,655	75,160	81,500
Channel Islander	1,440	725	720	0	0	10
Cornish	70	35	40	0	0	0
English	228,520	111,855	116,670	90,715	43,185	47,535
Irish	446,215	211,545	234,665	66,410	31,065	35,345
Manx	200	105	95	80	25	55
Scottish	215,030	103,395	111,635	67,275	32,185	35,095
Welsh	10,765	5,075	5,690	6,845	3,200	3,645
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	32,525	15,440	17,080	10,435	4,775	5,665
French origins	1,878,795	941,770	937,025	29,925	14,025	15,905
Alsatian	1,050	520	525	10	0	10
Breton	11,140	5,410	5,725	0	0	0
Corsican	1,270	690	580	0	0	0
French	1,870,545	937,665	932,875	29,920	14,025	15,895
Western European origins (except French origins)	244,380	119,115	125,260	39,610	18,925	20,690
Austrian	12,710	6,285	6,430	1,955	1,000	955
Bavarian	40	30	20	10	0	0
Belgian	51,340	25,295	26,050	965	455	510
Dutch	26,000	12,805	13,190	12,965	6,210	6,755
Flemish	1,345	660	685	45	30	10
Frisian	15	20	0	10	0	10
German	142,225	68,250	73,975	25,760	12,215	13,545
Luxembourger	910	445	460	15	10	15
Swiss	24,500	12,615	11,885	965	500	465
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	125	80	50	30	10	20
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,460	12,490	12,975	6,085	2,890	3,195
Danish	5,700	2,815	2,885	1,505	705	795
Finnish	3,130	1,430	1,700	1,365	675	690
Icelandic	955	480	470	355	165	190
Norwegian	7,820	3,835	3,985	1,380	655	730
Swedish	6,840	3,275	3,565	1,575	740	830
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,500	1,265	1,230	300	140	160
Eastern European origins	249,940	121,660	128,285	31,240	15,030	16,215
Bulgarian	9,570	4,675	4,895	270	140	135
Byelorussian	2,530	1,235	1,295	155	90	65
Czech	6,295	2,965	3,330	900	460	430
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,150	1,100	1,050	350	150	200
Estonian	890	460	435	380	225	150
Hungarian	28,280	13,970	14,310	3,845	1,900	1,945
Latvian	1,740	835	905	375	195	185
Lithuanian	6,630	3,320	3,305	550	230	320
Moldovan	7,620	3,710	3,900	10	0	10
Polish	79,040	38,705	40,335	12,340	5,925	6,420
Romanian	53,060	25,935	27,125	1,655	785	870
Russian	55,230	26,405	28,830	2,990	1,405	1,590
Slovak	4,770	2,375	2,395	925	485	440
Ukrainian	42,550	20,575	21,975	11,050	5,250	5,800
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	2,900	1,505	1,400	85	50	30
Southern European origins	549,750	273,670	276,080	38,660	19,605	19,055
Albanian	3,760	1,950	1,805	160	85	75
Bosnian	2,970	1,485	1,490	180	110	65
Catalan	735	395	340	0	0	0
Croatian	6,745	3,375	3,370	1,355	695	660
Cypriot	480	240	245	55	15	45
Greek	71,330	36,235	35,090	4,075	2,060	2,015
Italian	326,700	162,650	164,045	19,235	9,905	9,330
Kosovar	505	295	210	20	0	15
Macedonian	775	400	370	1,795	940	850
Maltese	1,220	615	610	1,790	795	995
Montenegrin	450	250	200	30	15	15
Portuguese	69,805	34,825	34,980	6,755	3,375	3,375
Serbian	5,950	2,915	3,040	790	415	370
Sicilian	1,435	710	725	160	85	75
Slovenian	2,510	1,225	1,280	625	335	295
Spanish	85,360	41,745	43,615	4,260	2,015	2,255
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	3,270	1,595	1,670	480	270	210
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	300	155	145	0	0	0
Other European origins	38,670	19,875	18,800	1,535	830	710
Basque	3,620	1,930	1,690	35	15	20
Jewish	25,235	12,955	12,280	700	390	310
Roma (Gypsy)	475	270	205	15	10	15
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	360	180	185	85	40	45
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	9,215	4,690	4,530	710	385	325
Caribbean origins	201,625	93,935	107,690	18,510	8,825	9,680
Antiguan	380	170	205	145	70	75
Bahamian	430	205	225	105	55	50
Barbadian	5,570	2,585	2,985	1,450	700	750
Bermudan	115	50	65	40	15	25
Carib	405	150	255	180	50	125
Cuban	9,830	4,800	5,035	325	170	155
Dominican	11,560	5,320	6,235	275	125	155
Grenadian	1,965	790	1,175	550	240	315
Guadeloupean	1,010	475	535	0	0	0
Haitian	143,165	66,245	76,925	250	110	135
Jamaican	14,100	6,785	7,315	10,805	5,195	5,610
Kittitian/Nevisian	360	200	160	75	35	40
Martinican	1,775	820	950	0	0	0
Montserratan	240	140	105	25	10	15
Puerto Rican	530	270	255	50	35	10
St. Lucian	860	450	405	270	135	135
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	6,585	2,925	3,660	3,185	1,535	1,650
Vincentian/Grenadinian	4,020	1,695	2,325	580	260	320
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	5,635	2,610	3,025	2,295	1,020	1,275
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	4,195	1,995	2,205	540	270	275
Latin, Central and South American origins	167,275	81,215	86,065	7,275	3,465	3,810
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,100	2,885	3,210	275	140	135
Arawak	180	60	120	65	20	45
Argentinian	4,950	2,490	2,460	140	85	65
Belizean	80	40	40	40	15	25
Bolivian	1,730	815	915	55	30	20
Brazilian	8,345	4,075	4,275	390	140	250
Chilean	14,060	7,055	7,005	315	150	165
Colombian	33,965	15,915	18,050	480	255	225
Costa Rican	1,180	570	610	60	35	25
Ecuadorian	2,720	1,255	1,470	335	140	190
Guatemalan	10,175	5,380	4,795	220	135	90
Guyanese	3,670	1,810	1,860	3,145	1,490	1,660
Hispanic	1,155	570	585	80	35	50
Honduran	4,335	2,135	2,200	50	25	20
Maya	1,670	935	735	35	20	15
Mexican	26,930	13,185	13,745	660	305	355
Nicaraguan	2,805	1,360	1,445	55	25	25
Panamanian	1,460	755	710	95	40	50
Paraguayan	365	155	205	15	0	10
Peruvian	19,735	9,240	10,495	255	140	110
Salvadorean	19,200	9,535	9,665	255	130	125
Uruguayan	1,755	815	940	25	10	15
Venezuelan	7,475	3,430	4,045	335	180	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	5,845	2,965	2,880	235	90	140
African origins	382,665	196,910	185,755	7,780	3,905	3,880
Central and West African origins	86,695	44,720	41,975	1,635	855	780
Akan	630	325	310	20	20	0
Angolan	875	425	450	50	35	10
Ashanti	120	90	35	15	10	0
Beninese	4,125	2,220	1,915	0	0	0
Burkinabe	2,465	1,325	1,145	0	0	0
Cameroonian	17,095	8,635	8,465	160	75	85
Chadian	1,045	525	520	0	0	0
Congolese	20,210	9,960	10,250	270	170	100
Edo	110	60	45	10	10	0
Ewe	460	265	200	0	0	10
Gabonese	1,165	545	620	0	0	0
Gambian	150	95	55	0	0	0
Ghanaian	3,235	1,660	1,575	320	155	165
Guinean	5,255	2,765	2,485	45	35	10
Ibo	185	95	95	40	35	10
Ivorian	8,545	4,350	4,200	55	15	40
Liberian	150	60	90	10	10	0
Malian	3,535	1,755	1,775	10	0	10
Malinké	635	340	295	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,820	1,510	1,310	520	245	275
Peulh	2,110	1,080	1,030	0	0	0
Senegalese	8,250	4,420	3,835	10	0	0
Sierra Leonean	110	55	55	50	30	25
Togolese	4,080	2,210	1,870	0	0	0
Wolof	660	390	270	0	0	0
Yoruba	460	225	235	145	60	85
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	6,955	3,690	3,275	110	60	50
North African origins	225,125	117,725	107,410	940	485	450
Algerian	60,375	31,185	29,190	40	20	20
Berber	33,825	17,840	15,985	0	0	0
Coptic	685	385	305	25	10	20
Dinka	15	10	10	0	0	0
Egyptian	29,400	15,295	14,100	610	295	310
Libyan	1,075	590	485	80	40	40
Maure	530	290	240	0	0	0
Moroccan	85,940	44,520	41,420	130	90	35
Sudanese	370	220	150	35	15	20
Tunisian	21,475	11,775	9,695	10	10	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	3,340	1,845	1,490	30	0	20
Southern and East African origins	28,925	14,225	14,705	1,515	790	730
Afrikaner	115	75	40	10	0	0
Amhara	65	30	35	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	1,905	1,040	870	30	20	0
Burundian	6,015	2,945	3,070	80	40	40
Djiboutian	450	205	245	0	0	0
Eritrean	580	290	290	30	10	20
Ethiopian	1,575	785	785	145	70	70
Harari	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	530	270	260	90	45	50
Malagasy	3,735	1,815	1,920	0	0	0
Mauritian	3,695	1,735	1,960	50	10	40
Oromo	20	15	10	15	10	10
Rwandan	5,130	2,445	2,685	45	25	15
Seychellois	775	345	425	25	0	15
Somali	1,785	865	915	100	50	45
South African	900	490	420	510	290	225
Tanzanian	325	190	140	65	50	20
Tigrian	95	35	55	0	0	0
Ugandan	290	135	160	50	30	20
Zambian	45	20	25	30	15	10
Zimbabwean	300	150	145	140	70	70
Zulu	70	35	35	20	15	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,790	915	875	190	80	110
Other African origins	46,805	22,845	23,965	3,830	1,855	1,970
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	3,800	1,845	1,950	595	290	305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	43,785	21,415	22,370	3,290	1,595	1,695
Asian origins	563,150	275,170	287,980	37,135	18,505	18,625
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	240,795	123,985	116,810	5,930	3,075	2,860
Afghan	10,945	5,550	5,395	1,520	760	765
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	44,875	23,680	21,195	590	315	275
Armenian	27,380	13,515	13,865	405	195	205
Assyrian	370	205	165	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	555	295	255	20	10	10
Georgian	635	295	345	10	0	10
Hazara	385	190	200	0	0	0
Iranian	25,530	12,845	12,685	760	405	355
Iraqi	5,520	2,780	2,740	165	85	90
Israeli	6,060	3,235	2,830	180	105	75
Jordanian	1,610	840	770	120	65	55
Kazakh	620	295	325	10	0	0
Kurd	2,135	1,180	960	10	10	10
Kuwaiti	95	50	50	0	10	0
Kyrgyz	260	140	120	20	0	10
Lebanese	78,140	40,695	37,450	945	435	515
Palestinian	6,865	3,520	3,345	475	275	200
Pashtun	515	280	235	20	15	0
Saudi Arabian	645	390	255	150	95	55
Syrian	27,465	13,845	13,620	310	165	145
Tajik	390	180	210	30	15	15
Tatar	910	430	485	10	10	10
Turk	15,060	7,520	7,545	425	235	185
Turkmen	65	45	25	0	0	0
Uighur	375	185	190	0	0	0
Uzbek	465	210	255	70	35	35
Yemeni	805	450	355	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,465	1,385	1,075	110	70	40
South Asian origins	95,670	48,925	46,745	16,945	8,665	8,280
Bangladeshi	7,075	3,625	3,450	325	165	160
Bengali	4,125	2,035	2,090	120	70	55
Bhutanese	420	205	215	0	0	0
East Indian	51,650	26,505	25,140	11,065	5,680	5,380
Goan	210	105	110	65	25	40
Gujarati	420	205	215	65	35	35
Kashmiri	260	155	105	65	45	20
Nepali	930	460	470	20	10	10
Pakistani	13,535	7,000	6,535	2,650	1,345	1,310
Punjabi	2,970	1,675	1,295	310	165	145
Sinhalese	310	135	175	70	30	40
Sri Lankan	14,750	7,300	7,450	2,075	1,050	1,030
Tamil	3,100	1,610	1,495	525	295	230
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,135	1,190	945	1,090	530	555
East and Southeast Asian origins	229,985	103,805	126,180	15,240	7,240	7,995
Burmese	530	270	255	80	25	50
Cambodian (Khmer)	15,345	7,360	7,985	125	75	45
Chinese	121,445	54,595	66,850	7,965	3,830	4,135
Filipino	37,910	15,590	22,320	5,355	2,430	2,920
Hmong	35	10	20	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,320	570	755	230	130	105
Japanese	6,495	2,615	3,875	950	470	485
Karen	95	55	40	0	0	0
Korean	8,740	4,155	4,580	560	305	255
Laotian	7,625	3,860	3,770	115	65	50
Malaysian	645	300	340	140	90	50
Mongolian	960	470	485	65	35	25
Singaporean	105	65	40	10	0	0
Taiwanese	2,205	940	1,265	65	20	40
Thai	2,695	1,065	1,635	160	105	50
Tibetan	80	45	30	0	0	0
Vietnamese	43,080	20,790	22,290	585	250	340
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	275	125	155	40	25	20
Other Asian origins	1,765	905	865	135	70	65
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,770	905	860	135	70	70
Oceania origins	3,250	1,730	1,515	545	305	240
Australian	2,055	1,125	935	380	210	175
New Zealander	490	245	245	100	60	40
Pacific Islands origins	785	410	380	90	55	35
Fijian	70	25	40	55	35	15
Hawaiian	60	40	20	20	15	10
Maori	90	55	35	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	290	145	145	0	0	0
Samoan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	295	155	145	15	10	10
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	3,531,665	...	...	113,345	...	...
Owner	2,163,735	...	...	85,925	...	...
Renter	1,362,010	...	...	27,420	...	...
Band housing	5,915	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	3,531,660	...	...	113,345	...	...
Condominium	413,325	...	...	7,090	...	...
Not condominium	3,118,340	...	...	106,255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	3,531,665	...	...	113,345	...	...
No bedrooms	23,725	...	...	310	...	...
1 bedroom	573,370	...	...	8,675	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,100,310	...	...	17,510	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,157,300	...	...	48,175	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	676,955	...	...	38,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	3,531,665	...	...	113,345	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,258,215	...	...	18,465	...	...
5 rooms	620,935	...	...	15,000	...	...
6 rooms	432,090	...	...	18,875	...	...
7 rooms	403,255	...	...	18,900	...	...
8 or more rooms	817,165	...	...	42,100	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	3,531,665	...	...	113,345	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,492,135	...	...	112,240	...	...
More than 1 person per room	39,530	...	...	1,100	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	3,531,660	...	...	113,350	...	...
Suitable	3,398,910	...	...	108,880	...	...
Not suitable	132,755	...	...	4,465	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	3,531,660	...	...	113,345	...	...
1960 or before	894,495	...	...	20,140	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,116,760	...	...	30,160	...	...
1981 to 1990	503,495	...	...	18,465	...	...
1991 to 2000	369,020	...	...	16,485	...	...
2001 to 2005	196,830	...	...	12,145	...	...
2006 to 2010	241,545	...	...	9,260	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	209,515	...	...	6,690	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	3,531,665	...	...	113,345	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	3,304,625	...	...	107,215	...	...
Major repairs needed	227,040	...	...	6,130	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	3,531,665	...	...	113,345	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,221,970	...	...	62,250	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,264,195	...	...	48,205	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	45,500	...	...	2,895	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	3,531,665	...	...	113,345	...	...
15 to 24 years	119,495	...	...	1,750	...	...
25 to 34 years	498,070	...	...	13,700	...	...
35 to 44 years	603,840	...	...	21,460	...	...
45 to 54 years	682,290	...	...	26,950	...	...
55 to 64 years	731,390	...	...	22,940	...	...
65 to 74 years	541,630	...	...	15,000	...	...
75 to 84 years	270,280	...	...	8,390	...	...
85 years and over	84,680	...	...	3,150	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	3,496,460	...	...	113,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,763,105	...	...	84,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	733,355	...	...	29,170	...	...
30% to less than 100%	647,975	...	...	26,350	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,141,690	...	...	85,925	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.9	...	...	69.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.9	...	...	18.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	983	...	...	1,536	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	1,553	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,302	...	...	425,285	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	290,484	...	...	458,354	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,358,265	...	...	27,420	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.3	...	...	16.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.7	...	...	48.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	720	...	...	1,045	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	775	...	...	1,103	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	249,305	120,360	128,945
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,323,070	674,955	648,115	42,630	21,790	20,840
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,426,980	674,820	752,155	76,110	37,340	38,760
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970	130,570	61,225	69,345
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,120,730	681,515	439,215	16,350	11,855	4,490
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	806,585	435,090	371,495	7,615	4,655	2,960
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	314,145	246,425	67,720	8,730	7,200	1,530
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,165,515	506,775	658,740	64,000	27,285	36,715
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	236,255	93,680	142,575	4,245	1,855	2,390
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,361,730	628,290	733,440	45,980	20,235	25,750
Bachelor's degree	872,060	384,275	487,790	33,920	14,515	19,405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	118,955	54,255	64,695	3,090	1,220	1,870
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	39,045	19,865	19,185	800	405	395
Master's degree	281,215	139,280	141,935	7,360	3,595	3,770
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50,455	30,615	19,840	810	500	310
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125	166,700	80,690	86,005
No certificate, diploma or degree	580,635	323,880	256,750	15,850	9,195	6,650
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	808,955	396,620	412,330	46,915	23,945	22,970
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040	103,935	47,545	56,390
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	866,595	513,575	353,015	11,410	8,290	3,125
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	631,795	330,140	301,655	5,340	3,285	2,055
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	234,800	183,440	51,360	6,070	5,005	1,070
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	832,430	367,185	465,245	51,475	21,865	29,605
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	167,025	67,530	99,495	3,145	1,340	1,805
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,116,300	499,010	617,290	37,905	16,055	21,850
Bachelor's degree	712,935	308,760	404,175	27,720	11,470	16,250
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	94,240	40,085	54,160	2,560	930	1,625
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30,775	13,505	17,270	640	305	340
Master's degree	238,300	113,895	124,410	6,355	2,985	3,365
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	40,050	22,780	17,270	630	355	275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	249,305	120,355	128,945
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270	118,730	59,130	59,600
Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	7,705	1,785	5,920
13. Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	7,705	1,785	5,920
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	156,720	71,485	85,240	5,310	2,565	2,745
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25,380	18,280	7,100	1,200	905	300
50. Visual and performing arts	131,340	53,200	78,140	4,110	1,660	2,445
Humanities	215,735	86,065	129,675	6,085	2,265	3,820
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	32,180	7,165	25,020	390	95	295
23. English language and literature/letters	12,900	4,060	8,835	1,625	425	1,200
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	103,120	42,685	60,435	1,590	495	1,100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	880	395	485	35	20	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10,400	6,650	3,755	345	200	145
39. Theology and religious vocations	10,125	6,200	3,930	635	380	250
54. History	17,055	9,990	7,065	1,170	625	550
55. French language and literature/letters	29,070	8,920	20,155	280	20	255
Social and behavioural sciences and law	380,995	125,025	255,975	17,760	4,935	12,825
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	1,165	3,150	190	30	160
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	48,530	16,690	31,845	2,090	825	1,265
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	77,470	6,070	71,400	3,420	250	3,165
22. Legal professions and studies	67,185	25,785	41,395	3,555	675	2,880
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	9,905	2,035	7,870	320	40	285
42. Psychology	57,335	14,030	43,305	2,665	545	2,120
45. Social sciences	116,255	59,245	57,015	5,525	2,580	2,945
Business, management and public administration	879,190	321,450	557,740	27,625	10,630	16,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	815	300	520	70	20	50
44. Public administration and social service professions	47,715	10,490	37,225	2,555	380	2,180
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	830,660	310,665	519,990	25,000	10,230	14,770
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140,990	76,780	64,215	4,035	2,025	2,010
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	49,705	20,900	28,805	1,730	760	970
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	23,210	13,865	9,350	1,015	460	560
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	21,890	10,810	11,080	65	15	50
40. Physical sciences	39,060	27,545	11,515	1,040	715	330
41. Science technologies/technicians	7,120	3,660	3,465	190	80	105
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	152,105	104,850	47,255	5,115	3,325	1,790
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125,480	92,730	32,750	4,165	2,865	1,300
25. Library science	11,110	2,145	8,965	235	40	195
27. Mathematics and statistics	13,415	8,365	5,045	635	355	280
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,100	1,605	495	85	65	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	828,400	758,350	70,055	26,460	24,530	1,935
04. Architecture and related services	29,015	17,055	11,960	810	605	205
14. Engineering	150,450	124,585	25,865	4,600	3,910	690
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	150,640	135,445	15,195	6,370	5,755	615
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	20	40	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	185,385	179,995	5,390	5,945	5,810	130
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	184,280	178,510	5,770	5,755	5,615	135
48. Precision production	128,580	122,750	5,830	2,985	2,830	155
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	85,485	56,900	28,585	1,525	945	585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	51,770	30,870	20,900	865	500	360
03. Natural resources and conservation	33,715	26,025	7,690	665	445	220
Health and related fields	480,230	95,450	384,780	19,665	3,425	16,240
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	27,955	14,675	13,280	2,200	1,185	1,015
51. Health professions and related programs	441,105	74,630	366,470	17,285	2,125	15,165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,160	6,140	5,020	175	115	60
Personal, protective and transportation services	290,005	151,070	138,935	9,270	4,795	4,475
12. Personal and culinary services	164,595	43,720	120,875	4,345	1,150	3,190
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	290	270	20	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,345	1,245	100	25	20	0
43. Security and protective services	54,625	42,415	12,210	3,685	2,490	1,190
49. Transportation and materials moving	69,160	63,425	5,740	1,210	1,125	85
Other	1,055	375	680	15	0	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,055	375	675	20	0	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130	166,700	80,685	86,010
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,389,585	720,500	669,085	62,760	33,135	29,620
Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	5,940	1,310	4,635
13. Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	5,940	1,305	4,640
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	122,045	55,575	66,475	4,170	2,015	2,150
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	19,510	13,740	5,770	855	650	205
50. Visual and performing arts	102,535	41,830	60,705	3,315	1,365	1,950
Humanities	138,330	54,580	83,750	4,720	1,665	3,050
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25,220	5,455	19,765	305	60	245
23. English language and literature/letters	9,585	2,990	6,595	1,275	310	965
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	57,730	25,305	32,430	1,225	385	840
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	600	255	350	30	15	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,980	4,415	2,570	250	130	120
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,415	3,380	2,035	465	275	185
54. History	12,235	7,140	5,095	935	480	455
55. French language and literature/letters	20,555	5,640	14,915	240	20	220
Social and behavioural sciences and law	301,550	95,120	206,430	14,845	3,935	10,910
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,550	925	2,620	145	25	120
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40,275	13,900	26,370	1,765	715	1,055
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	63,120	4,295	58,825	2,805	170	2,635
22. Legal professions and studies	53,620	18,830	34,790	3,175	540	2,635
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	6,840	1,420	5,420	270	30	245
42. Psychology	44,540	10,255	34,285	2,115	370	1,745
45. Social sciences	89,610	45,495	44,110	4,565	2,085	2,475
Business, management and public administration	706,400	248,920	457,480	22,765	8,635	14,130
30.16 Accounting and computer science	615	215	400	60	20	35
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,320	7,835	30,485	2,135	325	1,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	667,470	240,870	426,600	20,575	8,290	12,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	92,480	49,390	43,090	3,150	1,480	1,670
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,895	16,635	24,260	1,340	565	780
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,450	7,435	5,015	820	345	480
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	4,175	2,385	1,785	45	0	45
40. Physical sciences	29,705	20,255	9,445	800	520	280
41. Science technologies/technicians	5,255	2,675	2,580	140	50	95
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	132,750	91,865	40,885	4,510	2,960	1,550
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	112,715	83,240	29,470	3,755	2,605	1,150
25. Library science	8,720	1,665	7,055	195	35	160
27. Mathematics and statistics	9,725	5,815	3,915	490	265	225
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,585	1,150	440	75	55	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	639,185	577,845	61,335	20,000	18,440	1,565
04. Architecture and related services	24,260	13,870	10,385	650	490	160
14. Engineering	126,835	103,165	23,665	3,515	2,935	580
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	116,595	103,710	12,885	4,985	4,505	480
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	15	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	134,865	130,350	4,510	4,460	4,350	110
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	139,935	135,155	4,780	4,270	4,165	105
48. Precision production	96,655	91,580	5,075	2,120	1,995	120
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	69,865	45,215	24,655	1,220	705	515
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	41,755	23,965	17,795	650	340	305
03. Natural resources and conservation	28,110	21,250	6,860	570	365	205
Health and related fields	368,600	72,245	296,355	15,495	2,675	12,815
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	22,660	11,635	11,030	1,765	915	845
51. Health professions and related programs	337,320	56,510	280,810	13,600	1,690	11,920
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,620	4,110	4,510	125	75	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	229,640	118,260	111,375	7,110	3,725	3,390
12. Personal and culinary services	129,245	32,830	96,410	3,195	800	2,395
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	225	200	25	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	875	795	80	15	10	0
43. Security and protective services	42,550	32,575	9,975	2,955	2,015	940
49. Transportation and materials moving	56,750	51,860	4,890	945	900	45
Other	890	300	595	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	890	300	595	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	249,305	120,355	128,945
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270	118,730	59,130	59,605
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970	130,570	61,230	69,345
Location of study inside Canada	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880	113,160	52,430	60,730
Same as province or territory of residence	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270	106,605	49,135	57,465
Different than province or territory of residence	142,415	73,800	68,610	6,555	3,290	3,260
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	374,620	193,530	181,090	17,415	8,805	8,610
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	28,320	16,915	11,410	2,945	1,490	1,450
Philippines	12,515	3,600	8,920	1,365	495	870
India	6,805	3,660	3,150	1,440	705	735
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,250	6,535	4,715	2,710	1,650	1,055
China^{Census data footnote 162}	17,155	7,755	9,395	810	390	425
France	69,665	39,885	29,780	100	60	40
Other	228,905	115,185	113,725	8,040	4,005	4,035
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130	166,695	80,685	86,010
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,389,590	720,505	669,085	62,760	33,135	29,620
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045	103,940	47,545	56,390
Location of study inside Canada	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780	91,145	41,420	49,725
Same as province or territory of residence	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280	86,035	38,900	47,135
Different than province or territory of residence	108,630	55,125	53,500	5,110	2,515	2,595
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	306,115	153,850	152,265	12,795	6,130	6,665
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	19,655	11,145	8,505	2,415	1,180	1,230
Philippines	10,545	2,935	7,610	1,050	360	690
India	4,865	2,465	2,400	1,200	565	625
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	7,390	4,245	3,145	1,200	715	480
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15,420	6,865	8,550	695	325	370
France	57,315	32,115	25,205	90	60	30
Other	190,930	94,085	96,850	6,155	2,925	3,225
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	249,305	120,360	128,950
In the labour force	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	164,360	83,990	80,370
Employed	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	150,140	76,355	73,785
Unemployed	306,170	177,630	128,540	14,220	7,630	6,590
Not in the labour force	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480	84,945	36,370	48,570
Participation rate	64.1	67.9	60.5	65.9	69.8	62.3
Employment rate	59.5	62.5	56.7	60.2	63.4	57.2
Unemployment rate	7.2	8.0	6.3	8.7	9.1	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	249,305	120,360	128,950
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655	81,680	34,685	46,995
Worked	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585	167,620	85,670	81,950
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215	90,470	50,535	39,935
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375	77,155	35,140	42,015
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.7	42.3	43.3	43.9	42.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	164,360	83,985	80,370
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,485	51,640	49,850	4,415	2,100	2,315
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915	159,945	81,890	78,055
Employee	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185	145,870	73,090	72,785
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	489,090	299,355	189,730	14,075	8,800	5,275
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	164,360	83,990	80,375
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,640	49,850	4,415	2,100	2,315
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	159,945	81,890	78,055
0 Management occupations	418,450	263,585	154,875	17,780	10,680	7,095
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	677,390	210,525	466,865	25,630	7,215	18,415
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	286,270	222,375	63,895	9,710	7,670	2,045
3 Health occupations	295,765	57,160	238,610	9,625	1,520	8,105
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	502,945	147,145	355,795	19,835	6,145	13,685
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	135,730	64,370	71,365	4,410	1,995	2,410
6 Sales and service occupations	988,610	449,820	538,790	39,420	16,815	22,605
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	574,675	544,100	30,570	24,010	22,480	1,525
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	67,290	55,610	11,685	1,790	1,520	270
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	206,875	148,405	58,475	7,740	5,845	1,900
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765	164,360	83,985	80,370
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,635	49,850	4,415	2,100	2,315
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	159,945	81,890	78,055
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	84,060	60,460	23,595	490	280	215
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20,920	18,175	2,745	280	190	90
22 Utilities	28,410	20,650	7,755	3,670	2,695	975
23 Construction	254,055	223,770	30,285	12,205	10,840	1,365
31-33 Manufacturing	458,315	332,080	126,240	14,345	10,545	3,800
41 Wholesale trade	157,365	104,885	52,475	6,160	4,215	1,945
44-45 Retail trade	508,170	239,625	268,545	19,495	9,335	10,155
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	187,550	142,550	45,000	7,820	6,030	1,790
51 Information and cultural industries	100,775	59,705	41,070	4,485	2,485	2,000
52 Finance and insurance	165,140	66,175	98,965	8,650	3,570	5,080
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	61,380	36,505	24,875	2,965	1,425	1,540
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	288,715	161,030	127,685	10,240	5,340	4,900
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,305	1,270	2,035	320	125	190
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	176,185	108,280	67,905	8,315	4,620	3,700
61 Educational services	306,575	96,170	210,405	13,260	3,790	9,470
62 Health care and social assistance	532,680	99,380	433,295	17,420	2,570	14,850
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	84,130	44,235	39,895	3,480	1,860	1,620
72 Accommodation and food services	278,500	123,235	155,265	10,430	4,055	6,370
81 Other services (except public administration)	193,700	89,455	104,245	6,285	2,925	3,360
91 Public administration	264,085	135,455	128,630	9,635	4,990	4,640
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	150,145	76,360	73,790
Worked at home	266,285	134,325	131,960	9,050	4,290	4,760
Worked outside Canada	10,600	7,580	3,020	325	210	115
No fixed workplace address	351,595	265,405	86,185	17,765	13,055	4,710
Worked at usual place	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050	122,995	58,795	64,200
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050	122,995	58,795	64,200
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,732,155	810,895	921,260	38,165	15,185	22,985
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	485,450	234,700	250,750	41,245	19,585	21,660
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,037,125	549,095	488,030	43,265	23,825	19,440
Commute to a different province or territory	66,125	35,110	31,015	320	195	120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240	140,765	71,850	68,915
Car, truck, van - as a driver	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625	110,640	58,575	52,070
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	133,760	51,045	82,715	8,785	4,155	4,630
Public transit	503,285	217,465	285,820	15,140	6,375	8,765
Walked	205,350	93,595	111,760	4,445	1,795	2,655
Bicycle	54,625	36,470	18,155	430	335	90
Other method	36,010	20,845	15,170	1,320	610	705
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240	140,765	71,850	68,915
Less than 15 minutes	1,035,455	493,225	542,235	33,320	13,665	19,655
15 to 29 minutes	1,200,455	617,010	583,445	40,485	19,125	21,360
30 to 44 minutes	777,955	425,640	352,310	20,695	11,690	9,010
45 to 59 minutes	343,540	184,440	159,100	14,885	8,945	5,945
60 minutes and over	315,035	174,875	140,160	31,380	18,430	12,950
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240	140,765	71,850	68,915
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	256,150	192,835	63,315	14,420	10,620	3,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	675,585	420,120	255,465	27,825	15,990	11,830
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,133,510	527,925	605,580	33,450	15,640	17,810
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	714,935	296,300	418,630	24,870	9,415	15,460
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	349,845	148,715	201,125	14,310	6,080	8,230
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	542,425	309,295	233,125	25,890	14,110	11,780
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655	172,950	88,290	84,660
Single responses	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385	171,645	87,745	83,900
Official languages	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420	171,090	87,470	83,625
English	541,720	294,935	246,780	170,200	87,260	82,940
French	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640	890	205	685
Non-official languages	34,160	17,190	16,970	555	285	275
Aboriginal languages	12,670	6,180	6,490	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	8,350	4,095	4,260	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	8,285	4,060	4,220	0	0	0
Atikamekw	1,100	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	1,800	840	960	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	210	105	100	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	20	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5,145	2,515	2,630	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	20	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	25	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	30	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	4,305	2,080	2,220	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	4,290	2,075	2,215	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	15	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,490	11,005	10,480	555	285	270
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,895	1,125	775	15	10	10
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,860	1,110	745	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	1,715	1,045	665	10	10	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	140	70	70	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,725	850	870	15	0	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,410	710	695	20	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	50	60	10	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	275	90	190	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	265	90	175	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	30	20	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tamil	145	75	70	25	20	10
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,165	5,255	4,910	210	110	100
Albanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Armenian	275	130	145	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,130	500	635	50	20	35
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,115	495	625	50	15	35
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	55	20	30	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	170	65	105	25	10	25
Russian	735	340	395	10	10	0
Serbian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	35	75	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,285	575	715	10	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	25	10	15	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	370	170	195	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	860	375	485	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	525	260	270	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,385	780	600	55	25	30
Indo-Aryan languages	680	390	295	50	20	30
Bengali	110	70	35	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	0	10	10	0	10
Hindi	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	415	225	190	10	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Urdu	85	50	35	30	20	15
Iranian languages	700	395	305	10	10	0
Kurdish	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	675	385	285	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,525	2,990	2,540	100	65	35
Catalan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Italian	590	315	275	10	0	10
Portuguese	635	365	270	25	20	10
Romanian	320	140	175	0	0	0
Spanish	3,975	2,165	1,810	55	40	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	235	80	150	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	300	150	150	15	0	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	25	20	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	205	60	140	10	0	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	125	20	110	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,070	3,125	2,945	255	135	120
Chinese languages	6,075	3,130	2,950	255	135	120
Cantonese	2,655	1,325	1,330	70	25	40
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,100	1,630	1,465	180	105	80
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	40	30	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	235	130	110	0	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	40	75	0	0	0
Lao	55	25	30	0	0	0
Thai	55	10	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	110	60	50	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	110	55	55	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	10	40	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	0	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	341,900	182,635	159,265	1,310	540	765
English and French	315,620	169,365	146,255	775	290	485
English and non-official language	6,545	3,655	2,890	510	240	265
French and non-official language	7,525	3,460	4,065	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	12,205	6,160	6,055	20	10	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655	172,955	88,290	84,665
None	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690	168,220	86,080	82,140
English	1,031,380	555,940	475,440	840	235	605
French	317,490	169,785	147,705	2,170	980	1,185
Non-official language	49,850	25,900	23,950	1,665	970	695
Aboriginal	4,985	2,285	2,705	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	44,865	23,620	21,245	1,660	965	695
English and French	2,185	1,040	1,140	0	0	0
English and non-official language	14,910	7,255	7,655	25	0	20
French and non-official language	6,855	3,795	3,055	35	15	10
English, French and non-official language	65	50	20	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575	302,400	147,645	154,755
Non-movers	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195	268,565	131,105	137,455
Movers	914,800	450,420	464,380	33,835	16,535	17,295
Non-migrants	547,410	269,850	277,560	15,710	7,510	8,200
Migrants	367,385	180,565	186,820	18,125	9,025	9,095
Internal migrants	305,465	149,335	156,135	17,005	8,445	8,555
Intraprovincial migrants	284,280	137,945	146,330	16,155	8,025	8,135
Interprovincial migrants	21,190	11,385	9,805	845	420	425
External migrants	61,920	31,235	30,685	1,120	580	540
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805	288,240	140,440	147,805
Non-movers	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065	183,435	89,630	93,810
Movers	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740	104,805	50,810	54,000
Non-migrants	1,507,665	741,220	766,440	47,950	23,050	24,905
Migrants	1,187,425	584,125	603,295	56,850	27,760	29,090
Internal migrants	949,170	464,830	484,340	51,825	25,180	26,650
Intraprovincial migrants	893,800	436,525	457,270	49,600	24,130	25,470
Interprovincial migrants	55,370	28,300	27,070	2,225	1,045	1,180
External migrants	238,250	119,295	118,960	5,025	2,580	2,445

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Quebec [Province] and Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Quebec [Province] and Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Oshawa [Population centre], Ontario