Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Quebec [Province]			Saskatchewan [Province]
	Data quality , Quebec [Province] Map : Quebec [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Saskatchewan [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	8,164,361	...	...	1,098,352	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	7,903,001	...	...	1,033,381	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	3,858,943	...	...	495,582	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	3,531,663	...	...	432,622	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.0	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,356,625.27	...	...	588,243.54	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605	1,098,350	545,785	552,565
0 to 14 years	1,333,260	682,535	650,720	215,685	110,410	105,275
0 to 4 years	444,930	227,965	216,970	73,130	37,335	35,795
5 to 9 years	469,165	240,225	228,940	74,460	38,155	36,305
10 to 14 years	419,160	214,345	204,815	68,095	34,920	33,175
15 to 64 years	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280	712,240	358,110	354,130
15 to 19 years	429,825	219,070	210,755	67,660	34,675	32,980
20 to 24 years	500,100	252,600	247,500	70,060	36,075	33,985
25 to 29 years	495,410	248,030	247,380	77,525	39,290	38,235
30 to 34 years	515,505	256,440	259,070	77,520	38,610	38,915
35 to 39 years	550,540	274,595	275,945	71,590	35,940	35,650
40 to 44 years	506,525	254,100	252,425	64,950	32,515	32,440
45 to 49 years	519,425	260,410	259,015	63,580	31,780	31,795
50 to 54 years	619,435	309,070	310,370	75,245	37,230	38,015
55 to 59 years	636,475	314,190	322,285	76,195	38,070	38,125
60 to 64 years	562,670	276,140	286,535	67,915	33,935	33,985
65 years and over	1,495,195	669,590	825,605	170,425	77,265	93,160
65 to 69 years	488,175	236,395	251,775	53,230	26,285	26,945
70 to 74 years	373,590	176,905	196,690	37,740	18,225	19,510
75 to 79 years	256,905	116,020	140,890	29,400	13,415	15,985
80 to 84 years	187,835	78,390	109,450	23,115	9,945	13,170
85 years and over	188,685	61,885	126,805	26,940	9,395	17,550
85 to 89 years	120,635	43,795	76,840	16,280	6,305	9,975
90 to 94 years	53,165	15,155	38,015	8,000	2,515	5,485
95 to 99 years	13,035	2,685	10,350	2,290	520	1,760
100 years and over	1,850	255	1,600	375	50	325
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.7	19.6	20.2	19.1
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.3	64.4	64.8	65.6	64.1
65 years and over	18.3	16.7	19.9	15.5	14.2	16.9
85 years and over	2.3	1.5	3.1	2.5	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	41.9	40.9	42.9	39.1	38.2	40.0
Median age of the population	42.5	41.4	43.6	37.8	36.9	38.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	3,531,660	...	...	432,620	...	...
Single-detached house	1,602,680	...	...	314,340	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	187,800	...	...	10,520	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,717,680	...	...	98,435	...	...
Semi-detached house	188,245	...	...	12,705	...	...
Row house	93,350	...	...	18,535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265,195	...	...	9,385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,154,955	...	...	57,115	...	...
Other single-attached house	15,940	...	...	700	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	23,505	...	...	9,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	3,531,665	...	...	432,625	...	...
1 person	1,175,230	...	...	121,175	...	...
2 persons	1,227,765	...	...	153,610	...	...
3 persons	489,460	...	...	60,240	...	...
4 persons	426,250	...	...	56,080	...	...
5 or more persons	212,960	...	...	41,520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	7,965,455	...	...	1,070,560	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885	882,670	435,375	447,290
Married or living common law	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395	520,430	261,075	259,355
Married	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260	437,875	219,800	218,075
Living common law	1,501,160	752,025	749,135	82,550	41,270	41,280
Not married and not living common law	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490	362,240	174,310	187,930
Never married	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280	242,070	133,750	108,325
Separated	103,625	46,390	57,240	19,795	8,945	10,855
Divorced	483,195	194,430	288,760	47,180	20,985	26,200
Widowed	389,555	84,345	305,210	53,190	10,635	42,555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,257,560	...	...	302,260	...	...
2 persons	1,204,955	...	...	157,195	...	...
3 persons	466,310	...	...	58,770	...	...
4 persons	412,160	...	...	54,125	...	...
5 or more persons	174,140	...	...	32,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,257,560	...	...	302,260	...	...
Total couple families	1,878,095	...	...	252,765	...	...
Married couples	1,128,355	...	...	211,500	...	...
Common-law couples	749,740	...	...	41,265	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	379,460	...	...	49,495	...	...
Female parent	284,900	...	...	38,165	...	...
Male parent	94,565	...	...	11,330	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,878,095	...	...	252,770	...	...
Couples without children	970,260	...	...	129,085	...	...
Couples with children	907,840	...	...	123,685	...	...
1 child	356,640	...	...	45,495	...	...
2 children	384,875	...	...	49,035	...	...
3 or more children	166,315	...	...	29,150	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	379,465	...	...	49,490	...	...
1 child	234,695	...	...	28,110	...	...
2 children	109,670	...	...	13,280	...	...
3 or more children	35,100	...	...	8,105	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,579,070	775,765	803,305	187,765	95,550	92,210
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	3,531,660	...	...	432,620	...	...
One-census-family households	2,197,340	...	...	285,675	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	947,305	...	...	124,620	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,250,040	...	...	161,055	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	29,595	...	...	7,975	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,304,725	...	...	138,965	...	...
One-person households	1,175,230	...	...	121,175	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	129,500	...	...	17,795	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
English only	372,445	187,595	184,860	1,023,400	511,940	511,460
French only	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095	535	255	280
English and French	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275	51,360	23,290	28,065
Neither English nor French	75,065	31,000	44,060	7,945	3,620	4,325
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
English	964,120	482,985	481,135	1,060,225	528,155	532,075
French	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560	13,555	6,590	6,960
English and French	278,710	144,060	134,655	1,770	890	885
Neither English nor French	72,775	29,845	42,930	7,685	3,475	4,220
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,103,480	555,015	548,465	14,435	7,035	7,405
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	13.7	14.0	13.4	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
Single responses	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975	1,064,675	530,145	534,530
Official languages	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845	907,715	452,955	454,760
English	601,155	301,860	299,300	892,615	445,635	446,985
French	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550	15,100	7,320	7,775
Non-official languages	1,060,830	517,700	543,125	156,960	77,195	79,770
Aboriginal languages	45,570	22,530	23,040	28,340	13,685	14,660
Algonquian languages	33,140	16,365	16,770	19,965	9,640	10,325
Blackfoot	5	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	31,430	15,575	15,855	19,015	9,190	9,825
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,715	4,155	4,555	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	5	0	5	0	0
Naskapi	590	285	305	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	135	55	80	30	15	10
Plains Cree	5	0	5	2,080	975	1,105
Southern East Cree	35	15	15	5	5	5
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	250	115	135
Woods Cree	10	5	5	780	370	410
Cree, n.o.s.	15,790	7,920	7,875	15,860	7,710	8,155
Eastern Algonquian languages	485	225	260	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	485	220	260	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,215	565	645	935	445	490
Algonquin	1,185	555	630	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	10	15	925	440	485
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	10	5	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	7,860	3,800	4,060
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	7,860	3,805	4,055
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	7,855	3,800	4,055
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,970	5,955	6,015	35	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuktitut	11,895	5,925	5,970	20	10	15
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	75	25	45	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	375	165	210	5	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	365	160	210	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	235	110	125
Salish languages	5	0	0	5	5	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	110	120
Dakota	0	0	0	195	85	105
Stoney	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	65	30	35	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,015,260	495,175	520,090	128,620	63,510	65,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	197,535	104,185	93,355	6,770	3,560	3,215
Berber languages	20,845	11,125	9,720	10	5	0
Kabyle	12,470	6,625	5,840	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,375	4,500	3,875	10	5	0
Cushitic languages	1,125	545	580	1,050	505	545
Bilen	10	10	5	55	25	30
Oromo	15	10	5	195	100	90
Somali	1,075	515	560	775	355	415
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	25	15	10
Semitic languages	175,215	92,310	82,900	5,685	3,035	2,650
Amharic	745	340	405	290	140	155
Arabic	169,890	89,590	80,300	4,040	2,200	1,840
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	150	80	70	305	160	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	150	75	75
Harari	0	5	5	5	0	0
Hebrew	3,885	2,040	1,845	75	45	30
Maltese	25	10	15	10	5	5
Tigrigna	385	185	205	680	340	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	110	60	50	130	65	60
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	200	155	25	15	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	36,305	17,030	19,275	2,560	1,250	1,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	8,855	4,105	4,750	135	70	70
Vietnamese	27,425	12,920	14,505	2,420	1,180	1,235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	21,635	7,800	13,835	23,415	11,130	12,280
Bikol	115	35	80	85	40	40
Cebuano	885	270	610	1,545	685	855
Fijian	0	0	0	25	20	5
Hiligaynon	410	125	275	255	120	140
Ilocano	2,060	745	1,315	790	370	415
Malagasy	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Malay	705	265	440	125	55	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	205	90	110	175	80	95
Pangasinan	95	40	50	40	15	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15,545	5,480	10,065	20,045	9,590	10,455
Waray-Waray	50	10	40	60	30	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	320	140	180	265	125	140
Creole languages	56,990	25,220	31,770	220	105	120
Haitian Creole	2,220	1,055	1,170	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	53,785	23,675	30,110	150	70	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	980	490	490	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	14,865	7,435	7,430	1,560	865	700
Kannada	240	130	110	60	35	30
Malayalam	440	235	205	850	455	395
Tamil	13,600	6,715	6,880	350	200	150
Telugu	570	345	230	285	165	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	10	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	553,045	269,625	283,420	73,170	36,230	36,930
Albanian	2,795	1,420	1,370	380	190	190
Armenian	16,430	7,970	8,460	70	40	30
Balto-Slavic languages	68,155	30,960	37,195	18,460	8,490	9,970
Baltic languages	850	335	515	175	85	90
Latvian	290	120	175	100	45	50
Lithuanian	555	215	340	75	40	35
Slavic languages	67,310	30,630	36,675	18,285	8,400	9,885
Belarusan	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	1,620	805	815	225	110	120
Bulgarian	6,985	3,385	3,600	65	35	30
Croatian	2,330	1,165	1,170	455	240	220
Czech	1,465	690	775	235	115	125
Macedonian	205	105	95	55	30	30
Polish	13,935	6,065	7,865	1,865	850	1,015
Russian	28,565	12,715	15,850	3,045	1,460	1,580
Serbian	3,140	1,590	1,545	465	235	225
Serbo-Croatian	1,805	865	940	120	60	65
Slovak	1,040	455	585	115	60	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	755	350	405	80	40	45
Ukrainian	5,210	2,285	2,920	11,270	5,035	6,230
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	175	90	85	290	145	145
Celtic languages	155	95	60	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	10	10	5	5
Welsh	40	20	20	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	25	10	5
Germanic languages	27,540	13,280	14,260	24,455	11,710	12,745
Afrikaans	125	60	65	880	450	430
Danish	395	190	200	255	145	110
Dutch	2,825	1,395	1,430	1,385	685	700
Frisian	10	10	0	30	20	10
German	13,670	6,340	7,330	21,320	10,150	11,170
Icelandic	65	30	35	55	20	25
Norwegian	200	100	100	310	140	165
Swedish	555	255	300	150	60	90
Vlaams (Flemish)	540	240	300	60	25	35
Yiddish	8,985	4,560	4,420	25	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	5	5	0
Greek	38,635	19,435	19,205	935	490	445
Indo-Iranian languages	76,040	39,205	36,835	22,335	12,065	10,270
Indo-Aryan languages	45,845	23,875	21,970	19,995	10,780	9,210
Bengali	10,995	5,620	5,380	2,795	1,495	1,300
Gujarati	6,070	2,980	3,090	2,510	1,420	1,090
Hindi	3,030	1,635	1,390	1,545	880	665
Kashmiri	20	15	5	20	10	10
Konkani	110	60	55	35	15	10
Marathi	255	145	110	140	80	55
Nepali	1,505	740	765	770	400	370
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	25	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,380	6,720	5,660	5,250	2,890	2,360
Sindhi	330	160	165	120	65	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	645	310	330	270	130	135
Urdu	10,470	5,460	5,010	6,520	3,380	3,135
Iranian languages	29,760	15,105	14,655	2,065	1,130	940
Kurdish	985	550	430	145	80	65
Pashto	1,285	680	610	555	315	235
Persian (Farsi)	27,490	13,875	13,615	1,370	735	635
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	440	225	210	275	155	120
Italic (Romance) languages	323,290	157,260	166,030	6,470	3,225	3,250
Catalan	320	170	150	5	0	0
Italian	104,600	51,705	52,895	705	365	340
Portuguese	36,770	17,735	19,035	615	265	350
Romanian	35,840	17,170	18,665	850	425	430
Spanish	145,635	70,405	75,235	4,290	2,165	2,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	125	75	50	10	5	5
Japanese	2,525	775	1,750	320	100	220
Kartvelian languages	170	80	85	5	5	5
Georgian	170	80	90	5	0	5
Korean	5,160	2,270	2,890	1,670	800	865
Mongolic languages	190	75	115	40	20	25
Mongolian	195	80	115	40	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	28,355	14,360	13,995	2,310	1,235	1,075
Akan (Twi)	1,050	520	525	190	115	75
Bamanankan	1,200	655	545	0	0	5
Edo	75	45	30	35	20	15
Ewe	730	400	325	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,055	1,080	970	25	15	5
Ga	80	40	40	20	15	5
Ganda	35	15	20	35	15	20
Igbo	120	70	50	215	125	90
Lingala	2,465	1,185	1,285	30	20	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,345	1,600	1,745	145	85	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,500	1,115	1,380	115	55	60
Shona	85	45	40	90	55	40
Swahili	3,010	1,460	1,545	425	220	205
Wolof	3,230	1,745	1,485	20	10	10
Yoruba	255	155	100	465	240	220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	8,135	4,235	3,895	430	220	215
Nilo-Saharan languages	345	180	165	335	195	140
Dinka	5	5	0	115	70	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	335	170	165	220	120	100
Sign languages	1,330	700	630	200	100	100
American Sign Language	65	35	30	65	35	35
Quebec Sign Language	670	330	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	595	340	255	135	70	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	76,840	35,775	41,065	13,500	6,700	6,795
Chinese languages	76,490	35,600	40,895	12,460	6,165	6,290
Cantonese	24,375	11,505	12,875	3,775	1,830	1,950
Hakka	470	215	260	35	20	15
Mandarin	43,700	20,175	23,525	7,230	3,600	3,630
Min Dong	20	10	15	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,225	1,480	1,745	210	110	100
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,075	465	605	60	35	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,535	1,710	1,825	1,135	570	565
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	45	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	345	175	170	1,040	530	505
Burmese	80	30	50	180	115	65
Karenic languages	70	40	30	810	395	415
Tibetan	110	65	50	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	35	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	4,895	2,185	2,710	525	235	290
Lao	4,115	1,995	2,120	345	175	170
Thai	765	180	585	180	55	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	7,980	4,095	3,880	360	185	175
Azerbaijani	290	160	130	25	10	10
Turkish	7,155	3,685	3,470	290	155	130
Uyghur	205	100	105	5	0	5
Uzbek	145	70	75	30	5	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	185	80	105	15	10	10
Uralic languages	6,400	2,985	3,410	1,555	735	820
Estonian	195	75	120	20	10	10
Finnish	360	125	240	205	85	120
Hungarian	5,835	2,790	3,045	1,330	650	685
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	685	385	300	100	55	45
Multiple responses	184,905	92,600	92,310	18,560	8,955	9,605
English and French	72,395	36,695	35,695	2,045	985	1,060
English and non-official language	27,485	13,545	13,945	15,925	7,675	8,245
French and non-official language	67,075	33,110	33,970	315	150	165
English, French and non-official language	17,950	9,245	8,705	280	145	135
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
Single responses	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425	1,049,130	522,390	526,740
Official languages	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685	968,625	481,845	486,780
English	782,185	391,125	391,060	964,640	479,915	484,730
French	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625	3,985	1,930	2,050
Non-official languages	585,890	283,150	302,735	80,505	40,540	39,960
Aboriginal languages	40,190	20,205	19,980	16,605	8,355	8,245
Algonquian languages	28,695	14,385	14,310	10,145	5,185	4,960
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	28,110	14,105	14,005	10,000	5,105	4,895
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	7,375	3,590	3,790	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	590	295	290	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	60	30	30	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	1,195	580	610
Southern East Cree	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	5	95	40	55
Woods Cree	0	5	0	180	100	85
Cree, n.o.s.	14,590	7,355	7,235	8,525	4,380	4,145
Eastern Algonquian languages	220	115	110	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	220	110	105	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	370	170	200	140	75	65
Algonquin	360	165	195	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	145	80	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	6,360	3,130	3,235
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	6,365	3,130	3,230
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	6,360	3,130	3,230
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,375	5,770	5,615	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	11,350	5,750	5,600	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	35	30	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	45	20	25
Salish languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	50	25	20
Dakota	0	0	0	35	15	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	545,695	262,940	282,755	63,905	32,185	31,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	91,660	46,550	45,110	4,625	2,340	2,290
Berber languages	7,495	3,895	3,605	0	0	0
Kabyle	5,105	2,660	2,450	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,390	1,235	1,150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	535	240	295	720	335	380
Bilen	5	0	5	30	15	15
Oromo	5	0	0	140	75	70
Somali	520	230	290	530	245	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	15	5	5
Semitic languages	83,520	42,365	41,160	3,900	1,995	1,905
Amharic	340	150	185	150	75	70
Arabic	81,105	41,150	39,955	2,890	1,500	1,390
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	95	50	45	225	105	120
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	115	60	55
Harari	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,705	880	825	25	10	15
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	205	95	105	430	205	220
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	70	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	24,980	11,675	13,305	1,740	850	895
Khmer (Cambodian)	5,180	2,370	2,805	40	20	25
Vietnamese	19,790	9,295	10,495	1,700	830	865
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,715	3,960	5,750	12,515	6,210	6,300
Bikol	15	5	10	15	5	10
Cebuano	230	100	125	580	280	295
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	130	55	75	110	60	50
Ilocano	740	305	435	240	115	120
Malagasy	360	185	170	0	0	0
Malay	175	85	95	35	20	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	70	35	35
Pangasinan	10	5	10	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,905	3,150	4,760	11,345	5,630	5,715
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	15	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	95	50	45
Creole languages	20,705	8,780	11,925	95	35	65
Haitian Creole	855	380	475	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	19,405	8,200	11,210	65	25	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	440	200	240	35	10	20
Dravidian languages	11,400	5,595	5,805	845	440	410
Kannada	150	85	65	20	10	10
Malayalam	200	100	100	525	265	260
Tamil	10,720	5,215	5,500	155	90	65
Telugu	330	190	135	145	75	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	303,215	146,100	157,115	31,235	15,915	15,325
Albanian	1,615	795	820	205	100	100
Armenian	11,990	5,680	6,310	45	25	20
Balto-Slavic languages	40,405	19,085	21,325	5,170	2,560	2,610
Baltic languages	190	80	105	80	35	45
Latvian	75	40	40	40	20	20
Lithuanian	115	40	70	40	15	25
Slavic languages	40,220	19,000	21,220	5,090	2,525	2,560
Belarusan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	965	475	495	85	45	40
Bulgarian	5,125	2,495	2,630	35	20	15
Croatian	1,015	475	545	170	85	85
Czech	460	220	240	30	20	15
Macedonian	130	65	65	35	15	15
Polish	5,970	2,695	3,270	480	220	255
Russian	20,680	9,775	10,900	1,725	875	840
Serbian	2,010	1,020	990	270	140	130
Serbo-Croatian	960	470	490	45	20	25
Slovak	245	120	130	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	225	95	135	5	5	0
Ukrainian	2,365	1,060	1,300	2,010	985	1,025
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	170	80	90
Celtic languages	30	20	10	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	0	5
Welsh	10	10	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	5	0	5	0
Germanic languages	9,890	4,980	4,905	8,110	3,990	4,120
Afrikaans	15	10	10	530	275	250
Danish	50	25	25	10	5	0
Dutch	375	170	205	200	110	95
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	2,550	1,190	1,365	7,290	3,565	3,725
Icelandic	30	15	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	5	10	10	5	10
Swedish	105	50	60	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	40	0	0	5
Yiddish	6,665	3,485	3,180	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	45	25	20
Greek	18,545	8,865	9,680	395	190	205
Indo-Iranian languages	53,555	26,845	26,710	14,385	7,560	6,825
Indo-Aryan languages	31,575	15,985	15,585	12,960	6,820	6,140
Bengali	8,180	4,055	4,125	1,915	980	930
Gujarati	3,840	1,860	1,985	1,585	865	720
Hindi	1,535	790	745	880	490	390
Kashmiri	5	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	30	15	15	10	5	5
Marathi	80	40	40	55	30	30
Nepali	1,355	655	700	570	290	275
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,840	4,690	4,155	3,485	1,885	1,605
Sindhi	135	65	75	55	25	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	365	185	180	140	70	70
Urdu	7,180	3,620	3,565	4,265	2,180	2,080
Iranian languages	21,745	10,740	11,010	1,280	660	615
Kurdish	510	280	235	65	40	30
Pashto	925	460	465	345	185	160
Persian (Farsi)	20,310	10,005	10,305	865	435	430
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	235	120	120	150	80	65
Italic (Romance) languages	167,190	79,835	87,355	2,920	1,480	1,435
Catalan	110	50	60	0	0	0
Italian	32,935	14,595	18,340	155	80	75
Portuguese	17,260	8,250	9,005	220	100	115
Romanian	24,520	12,000	12,525	315	165	150
Spanish	92,330	44,920	47,415	2,220	1,130	1,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	10	0	5
Japanese	1,050	425	620	120	45	75
Kartvelian languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Georgian	70	40	35	0	0	0
Korean	3,540	1,630	1,910	1,180	590	595
Mongolic languages	145	70	75	25	10	10
Mongolian	145	70	75	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	7,250	3,450	3,800	735	350	380
Akan (Twi)	445	215	235	55	30	25
Bamanankan	265	135	125	0	0	0
Edo	10	5	5	10	0	5
Ewe	140	60	80	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	530	255	280	20	10	10
Ga	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ganda	5	5	5	10	5	5
Igbo	15	10	10	40	15	20
Lingala	625	270	355	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,110	510	600	85	45	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	530	225	305	35	15	25
Shona	20	10	10	35	25	15
Swahili	1,100	535	565	200	90	110
Wolof	1,035	555	480	0	5	0
Yoruba	55	25	25	115	55	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,350	635	710	100	45	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	70	65	135	65	70
Dinka	0	0	0	65	30	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	65	65	70	35	40
Sign languages	1,770	1,000	775	285	175	105
American Sign Language	90	35	50	50	30	20
Quebec Sign Language	700	360	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	985	600	385	230	150	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	60,370	28,925	31,450	9,700	4,835	4,865
Chinese languages	60,155	28,805	31,345	8,925	4,450	4,475
Cantonese	17,845	8,470	9,375	2,400	1,140	1,265
Hakka	155	75	80	5	0	0
Mandarin	37,075	17,870	19,200	5,645	2,865	2,780
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,830	830	1,000	80	45	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	780	355	420	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,435	1,190	1,240	760	385	380
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	215	115	100	775	380	395
Burmese	35	15	20	115	65	55
Karenic languages	65	40	30	640	310	335
Tibetan	70	45	30	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	2,375	1,145	1,230	190	85	105
Lao	2,150	1,055	1,100	125	60	60
Thai	225	90	135	70	25	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5,120	2,540	2,575	195	100	95
Azerbaijani	100	50	55	5	5	5
Turkish	4,715	2,340	2,370	170	90	85
Uyghur	140	75	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	105	50	55	10	5	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	5	0	5
Uralic languages	2,025	895	1,130	240	125	120
Estonian	30	10	20	10	0	5
Finnish	50	20	30	15	10	5
Hungarian	1,945	860	1,085	215	110	105
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	90	60	45	25	20
Multiple responses	322,820	157,960	164,860	34,110	16,720	17,395
English and French	86,715	43,820	42,890	1,210	575	635
English and non-official language	54,400	26,255	28,140	32,250	15,810	16,435
French and non-official language	139,385	66,610	72,775	150	85	70
English, French and non-official language	42,320	21,270	21,045	495	250	250
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285	1,083,235	539,100	544,130
None	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900	983,935	490,490	493,450
English	513,410	263,670	249,735	41,920	21,045	20,875
French	320,370	158,340	162,030	9,340	4,085	5,255
Non-official language	317,790	154,450	163,340	46,495	22,705	23,785
Aboriginal	5,700	2,645	3,060	13,490	6,445	7,050
Non-Aboriginal	312,085	151,810	160,280	33,005	16,265	16,740
English and French	36,235	18,285	17,955	170	85	85
English and non-official language	28,630	14,075	14,555	860	440	420
French and non-official language	23,470	11,365	12,095	495	245	255
English, French and non-official language	1,420	740	680	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	857,270	424,245	433,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	822,620	407,715	414,905
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,975	37,842	28,522	38,299	46,117	31,978
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400	822,745	407,730	415,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,535	33,110	26,119	34,570	40,492	29,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220	750,515	378,290	372,225
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,067	35,597	25,012	36,883	45,587	29,314
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445	550,165	236,760	313,405
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,307	5,851	8,246	5,340	4,200	5,870
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370	636,955	331,975	304,970
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,263	35,627	27,219	36,612	44,551	30,027
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	857,300	424,265	433,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595	822,545	407,840	414,705
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,546	49,087	36,203	49,409	58,791	40,184
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890	822,655	407,855	414,800
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,887	39,292	30,616	40,933	47,453	34,523
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485	750,475	378,445	372,035
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,505	47,810	33,079	48,491	58,779	38,026
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050	549,500	236,590	312,910
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,590	7,846	9,229	7,734	7,322	8,045
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120	636,950	331,745	305,205
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,382	45,974	34,313	46,853	55,728	37,207
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	857,295	424,260	433,030
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025	302,780	173,250	129,525
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,111	51,622	42,433	55,368	62,070	48,579
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,564	62,750	49,085	64,855	72,366	54,808
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.4	88.3	79.1	89.5	92.8	84.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.4	71.4	64.6	73.2	76.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.6	11.7	20.9	10.5	7.2	15.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without total income	216,685	99,555	117,125	34,645	16,530	18,120
With total income	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	822,620	407,715	414,905
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.9	96.5	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	789,595	351,935	437,660	105,780	47,325	58,455
$10,000 to $19,999	1,188,135	476,630	711,500	118,380	46,195	72,180
$20,000 to $29,999	976,210	428,390	547,830	107,890	42,345	65,545
$30,000 to $39,999	852,735	414,105	438,625	95,605	41,315	54,295
$40,000 to $49,999	747,995	378,215	369,780	89,285	42,260	47,025
$50,000 to $59,999	540,265	292,110	248,150	70,395	36,950	33,450
$60,000 to $69,999	375,935	214,805	161,130	53,855	31,055	22,795
$70,000 to $79,999	286,025	164,240	121,790	41,930	25,290	16,645
$80,000 to $89,999	189,350	113,715	75,635	34,305	20,750	13,560
$90,000 to $99,999	122,750	80,090	42,660	26,165	16,100	10,060
$100,000 and over	348,620	246,360	102,255	79,030	58,125	20,905
$100,000 to $149,999	236,515	164,145	72,370	56,160	40,025	16,140
$150,000 and over	112,105	82,215	29,885	22,870	18,100	4,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without after-tax income	215,120	99,375	115,750	34,520	16,515	18,010
With after-tax income	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395	822,745	407,730	415,015
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	97.0	96.6	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	822,725	359,045	463,675	108,310	48,150	60,160
$10,000 to $19,999	1,246,480	505,165	741,315	123,690	48,420	75,275
$20,000 to $29,999	1,192,885	541,080	651,810	125,285	50,160	75,125
$30,000 to $39,999	1,096,510	553,200	543,315	119,460	54,365	65,100
$40,000 to $49,999	793,150	425,040	368,115	103,250	52,900	50,350
$50,000 to $59,999	498,475	283,130	215,345	73,855	42,315	31,540
$60,000 to $69,999	309,415	180,470	128,945	53,925	32,645	21,280
$70,000 to $79,999	167,895	108,500	59,395	38,615	23,385	15,235
$80,000 and over	291,635	205,155	86,485	76,345	55,395	20,950
$80,000 to $89,999	95,010	64,670	30,335	24,935	16,370	8,560
$90,000 to $99,999	55,980	39,080	16,905	16,260	11,815	4,445
$100,000 and over	140,645	101,405	39,240	35,155	27,210	7,945
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without employment income	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775	220,320	92,270	128,055
With employment income	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375	636,950	331,980	304,970
Percentage with employment income	69.8	73.9	65.8	74.3	78.3	70.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	606,300	311,780	294,520	82,210	38,805	43,410
$5,000 to $9,999	367,030	162,150	204,885	46,620	20,310	26,310
$10,000 to $19,999	681,920	305,995	375,920	77,480	33,900	43,575
$20,000 to $29,999	586,140	269,950	316,195	68,175	29,285	38,885
$30,000 to $39,999	565,425	277,135	288,285	66,120	29,825	36,295
$40,000 to $49,999	476,665	247,105	229,560	61,800	29,930	31,870
$50,000 to $59,999	359,180	203,580	155,600	51,075	27,565	23,510
$60,000 to $69,999	266,650	156,255	110,395	39,805	23,605	16,195
$70,000 to $79,999	224,040	129,890	94,150	32,265	20,015	12,255
$80,000 and over	494,440	344,585	149,855	111,405	78,745	32,665
$80,000 to $89,999	139,830	90,295	49,540	28,240	17,220	11,020
$90,000 to $99,999	93,860	64,160	29,700	21,415	13,645	7,770
$100,000 and over	260,745	190,125	70,620	61,750	47,885	13,870
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	3,531,665	...	...	432,625	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,822	...	...	75,412	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,207	...	...	65,784	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,175,230	...	...	121,175	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,574	...	...	38,188	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,469	...	...	34,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	2,356,430	...	...	311,450	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,645	...	...	94,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,665	...	...	81,696	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	3,531,665	...	...	432,620	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	77,306	...	...	93,942	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,404	...	...	77,837	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,174,695	...	...	121,040	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,042	...	...	48,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,262	...	...	40,555	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	2,356,970	...	...	311,580	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,878	...	...	111,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,426	...	...	92,320	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	3,531,665	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	47,170	...	...	6,930	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	56,315	...	...	4,575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	119,570	...	...	7,675	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180,865	...	...	18,025	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	179,690	...	...	18,845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	154,150	...	...	14,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	185,000	...	...	17,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	184,435	...	...	17,410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	179,855	...	...	17,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	170,445	...	...	16,525	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	313,600	...	...	31,595	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	273,620	...	...	29,700	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	241,940	...	...	27,605	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,620	...	...	25,810	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	176,355	...	...	23,280	...	...
$100,000 and over	860,030	...	...	154,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	327,435	...	...	48,375	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	204,105	...	...	35,320	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	192,155	...	...	40,875	...	...
$200,000 and over	136,335	...	...	30,160	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,531,660	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	50,445	...	...	7,355	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	57,335	...	...	4,680	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120,860	...	...	7,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190,300	...	...	18,625	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	202,905	...	...	20,275	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	187,365	...	...	17,325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	231,765	...	...	20,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	225,695	...	...	20,990	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	211,990	...	...	20,395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	202,760	...	...	19,790	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	363,775	...	...	37,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	309,825	...	...	35,255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	256,150	...	...	32,575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,765	...	...	28,995	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	166,295	...	...	25,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	545,440	...	...	114,570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	269,170	...	...	47,890	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	130,225	...	...	29,680	...	...
$150,000 and over	146,045	...	...	36,995	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,261,890	...	...	299,345	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,378	...	...	93,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,152	...	...	81,065	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	930,195	...	...	122,845	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,075	...	...	87,865	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,224	...	...	75,765	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	911,980	...	...	124,285	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,246	...	...	119,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,844	...	...	101,656	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	364,085	...	...	44,110	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,708	...	...	50,749	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,805	...	...	47,776	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,262,045	...	...	299,455	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,863	...	...	111,031	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,060	...	...	91,825	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	929,645	...	...	123,045	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,304	...	...	104,889	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,167	...	...	86,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	912,560	...	...	124,275	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,835	...	...	135,718	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,279	...	...	111,601	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	363,610	...	...	44,125	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,753	...	...	62,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,052	...	...	54,678	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,433,210	711,180	722,030	161,805	82,400	79,405
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,195	31,526	27,210	35,875	40,000	32,247
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,706	28,214	25,434	32,415	35,306	29,777
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,430,625	708,225	722,405	161,560	82,510	79,050
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,684	39,840	35,571	45,756	49,739	41,598
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,513	32,729	30,321	38,229	40,766	35,581
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
In the bottom half of the distribution	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115	506,055	243,040	263,010
In the bottom decile	747,785	368,385	379,395	111,770	55,530	56,245
In the second decile	898,605	408,705	489,900	104,900	46,610	58,285
In the third decile	997,185	481,975	515,210	94,035	44,535	49,500
In the fourth decile	996,230	490,275	505,960	96,045	47,015	49,030
In the fifth decile	938,080	467,425	470,655	99,300	49,350	49,950
In the top half of the distribution	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855	564,505	290,345	274,160
In the sixth decile	881,640	444,865	436,775	104,200	52,705	51,495
In the seventh decile	806,685	409,470	397,220	109,400	55,670	53,725
In the eighth decile	700,450	357,000	343,455	115,215	59,255	55,965
In the ninth decile	557,160	286,195	270,960	121,965	62,875	59,085
In the top decile	441,630	227,185	214,445	113,730	59,840	53,885
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945	1,014,605	505,225	509,380
0 to 17 years	1,564,410	800,455	763,960	230,205	117,925	112,275
0 to 5 years	532,410	272,790	259,625	79,345	40,700	38,645
18 to 64 years	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980	631,280	316,125	315,155
65 years and over	1,335,220	620,210	715,010	153,120	71,180	81,950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,160,190	542,405	617,785	130,220	60,375	69,845
0 to 17 years	222,955	114,410	108,540	41,010	20,960	20,050
0 to 5 years	75,270	38,595	36,670	15,420	7,850	7,575
18 to 64 years	688,130	334,825	353,305	67,080	31,315	35,765
65 years and over	249,110	93,170	155,930	22,130	8,100	14,025
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	13.8	15.4	12.8	12.0	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.2	17.8	17.8	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	14.1	14.1	19.4	19.3	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.4	14.0	10.6	9.9	11.3
65 years and over (%)	18.7	15.0	21.8	14.5	11.4	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	731,340	358,085	373,260	59,440	29,890	29,545
0 to 17 years	129,325	66,400	62,925	17,870	9,140	8,735
0 to 5 years	44,375	22,705	21,675	7,005	3,540	3,465
18 to 64 years	514,540	261,485	253,060	38,775	19,470	19,305
65 years and over	87,475	30,205	57,270	2,795	1,280	1,510
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	5.9	5.9	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.2	7.8	7.8	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.8	8.7	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	10.5	10.0	6.1	6.2	6.1
65 years and over (%)	6.6	4.9	8.0	1.8	1.8	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
Official languages	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890	1,062,885	529,920	532,965
English	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225	1,062,275	529,630	532,645
French	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200	51,325	23,600	27,725
Non-official languages	1,610,980	776,265	834,720	187,450	91,805	95,645
Aboriginal languages	50,890	25,190	25,700	38,110	18,390	19,720
Algonquian languages	37,515	18,545	18,965	28,270	13,675	14,590
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	34,415	17,050	17,370	27,065	13,115	13,950
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	9,850	4,735	5,115	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	775	385	385	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	260	130	130	40	30	15
Plains Cree	10	0	0	3,665	1,770	1,900
Southern East Cree	35	25	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	0	10	470	185	285
Woods Cree	10	10	0	1,260	570	695
Cree, n.o.s.	17,175	8,600	8,575	21,870	10,695	11,175
Eastern Algonquian languages	885	460	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	880	460	425	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,340	1,105	1,235	1,310	620	695
Algonquin	2,240	1,055	1,185	0	0	0
Ojibway	105	50	50	1,300	610	690
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	9,120	4,350	4,770
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	15	10	9,105	4,345	4,760
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	10	9,105	4,350	4,755
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	12,595	6,270	6,330	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	12,485	6,210	6,270	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	115	60	60	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	740	360	375	10	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	690	350	335	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	15	10	505	240	260
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	510	255	250
Dakota	10	0	0	415	205	210
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	40	55	30	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,560,375	751,215	809,160	149,475	73,470	76,000
Afro-Asiatic languages	301,035	157,545	143,490	8,595	4,585	4,015
Berber languages	27,595	14,650	12,945	40	35	0
Kabyle	16,170	8,580	7,590	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	11,580	6,150	5,425	30	25	0
Cushitic languages	1,550	745	805	1,305	620	690
Bilen	35	20	10	85	40	45
Oromo	45	30	10	160	70	90
Somali	1,460	680	780	1,090	520	570
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	286,625	149,970	136,660	7,500	4,075	3,425
Amharic	1,145	540	600	545	255	290
Arabic	267,965	140,280	127,685	5,605	3,165	2,435
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	195	95	95	505	240	265
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	195	95	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	18,035	9,490	8,540	470	245	230
Maltese	40	10	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	420	195	225	705	350	355
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	245	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	810	430	380	70	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	46,050	21,955	24,095	3,315	1,685	1,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	11,840	5,620	6,220	210	105	105
Vietnamese	34,580	16,520	18,060	3,105	1,580	1,525
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	31,230	11,820	19,410	29,705	14,065	15,640
Bikol	105	45	60	90	30	55
Cebuano	1,105	360	750	2,115	945	1,170
Fijian	15	0	10	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	540	195	350	285	130	150
Ilocano	2,500	890	1,610	785	365	415
Malagasy	1,980	940	1,040	10	0	0
Malay	1,210	525	690	215	95	115
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	95	100	265	130	135
Pangasinan	60	20	40	45	25	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	26,705	9,785	16,915	28,655	13,575	15,080
Waray-Waray	55	10	45	35	25	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	540	270	275	300	145	155
Creole languages	115,445	51,970	63,475	495	230	270
Haitian Creole	4,910	2,285	2,620	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	108,315	48,615	59,705	240	95	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,835	1,390	1,445	250	125	120
Dravidian languages	18,710	9,495	9,210	2,190	1,205	980
Kannada	415	210	205	115	65	55
Malayalam	510	285	220	1,170	625	540
Tamil	17,245	8,680	8,565	635	345	290
Telugu	930	540	390	435	270	165
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	15	0	15
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	912,945	435,785	477,155	81,985	40,685	41,300
Albanian	3,375	1,730	1,645	560	275	285
Armenian	20,290	9,790	10,500	115	65	45
Balto-Slavic languages	88,425	41,725	46,700	20,395	9,470	10,925
Baltic languages	1,080	500	585	225	120	110
Latvian	335	150	185	135	60	70
Lithuanian	755	350	410	95	60	35
Slavic languages	87,520	41,315	46,205	20,265	9,400	10,860
Belarusan	365	150	215	20	0	15
Bosnian	1,975	990	985	325	155	165
Bulgarian	7,345	3,595	3,750	75	40	35
Croatian	3,580	1,760	1,820	605	355	250
Czech	2,070	975	1,095	300	155	150
Macedonian	285	140	145	65	35	35
Polish	17,760	8,090	9,665	2,185	1,040	1,145
Russian	46,665	22,265	24,400	5,275	2,585	2,690
Serbian	4,050	1,980	2,070	790	410	385
Serbo-Croatian	2,385	1,140	1,245	80	30	50
Slovak	1,520	705	820	125	85	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	970	490	480	105	50	50
Ukrainian	9,015	3,885	5,135	13,090	5,770	7,325
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	150	75	75	345	205	140
Celtic languages	495	305	195	165	105	65
Scottish Gaelic	155	95	65	55	35	25
Welsh	85	45	40	50	30	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	265	175	95	70	45	20
Germanic languages	63,370	31,835	31,530	21,275	10,435	10,840
Afrikaans	415	260	150	1,455	750	705
Danish	835	410	420	320	195	125
Dutch	5,060	2,665	2,395	1,510	720	790
Frisian	15	10	0	25	15	15
German	43,475	21,950	21,530	17,390	8,525	8,870
Icelandic	140	80	60	70	40	30
Norwegian	510	255	255	415	180	235
Swedish	1,580	785	795	230	95	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	760	265	495	80	25	50
Yiddish	12,375	6,225	6,155	75	35	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	265	135	125
Greek	51,060	25,520	25,540	1,470	725	745
Indo-Iranian languages	93,655	48,040	45,615	27,395	14,650	12,740
Indo-Aryan languages	59,570	30,870	28,700	25,355	13,530	11,825
Bengali	12,870	6,610	6,260	3,520	1,895	1,620
Gujarati	7,950	3,860	4,090	3,320	1,760	1,555
Hindi	15,570	8,285	7,280	8,040	4,480	3,560
Kashmiri	45	35	15	40	25	20
Konkani	150	70	75	40	30	15
Marathi	475	240	230	185	120	70
Nepali	1,445	725	720	835	435	400
Oriya (Odia)	55	35	20	25	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,860	9,690	8,165	8,300	4,635	3,665
Sindhi	500	240	255	180	105	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,335	625	710	355	205	150
Urdu	16,545	8,655	7,890	9,455	4,815	4,635
Iranian languages	35,420	17,830	17,585	2,285	1,240	1,040
Kurdish	1,255	665	590	145	90	60
Pashto	1,825	1,005	825	555	315	240
Persian (Farsi)	32,965	16,560	16,405	1,630	870	760
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	845	425	420	275	135	140
Italic (Romance) languages	627,545	293,620	333,920	12,660	6,085	6,570
Catalan	890	525	365	0	10	0
Italian	173,710	84,430	89,275	1,360	670	690
Portuguese	55,100	27,620	27,475	885	380	505
Romanian	42,655	20,550	22,110	1,105	525	575
Spanish	390,355	177,610	212,745	9,605	4,635	4,965
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	490	345	145	40	30	10
Japanese	7,040	3,340	3,695	1,205	540	665
Kartvelian languages	220	110	110	15	0	15
Georgian	215	105	110	15	0	10
Korean	6,260	2,825	3,430	1,930	850	1,080
Mongolic languages	270	135	130	55	20	30
Mongolian	265	135	130	60	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	52,840	26,665	26,175	4,125	2,245	1,885
Akan (Twi)	1,800	945	855	355	185	170
Bamanankan	2,385	1,240	1,145	0	0	10
Edo	190	95	95	20	0	20
Ewe	1,410	865	545	100	45	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	3,400	1,785	1,620	60	45	15
Ga	315	155	160	45	25	15
Ganda	90	40	55	20	10	10
Igbo	275	190	90	625	325	300
Lingala	9,630	4,430	5,200	140	70	65
Rundi (Kirundi)	4,490	2,210	2,285	280	150	130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	3,535	1,640	1,895	125	65	55
Shona	150	75	80	150	90	55
Swahili	8,015	4,080	3,935	950	570	380
Wolof	6,555	3,545	3,015	40	25	15
Yoruba	885	485	395	965	470	495
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	17,720	9,125	8,595	815	480	335
Nilo-Saharan languages	695	345	350	300	150	145
Dinka	0	0	0	100	65	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	695	345	350	195	90	105
Sign languages	7,775	3,095	4,675	1,565	585	985
American Sign Language	675	245	435	650	215	435
Quebec Sign Language	4,405	1,590	2,815	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,960	1,350	1,605	915	365	545
Sino-Tibetan languages	90,460	42,695	47,770	14,580	7,115	7,470
Chinese languages	90,060	42,480	47,580	13,630	6,625	7,005
Cantonese	31,885	14,900	16,980	4,675	2,245	2,435
Hakka	545	240	310	30	10	20
Mandarin	59,240	27,560	31,685	8,995	4,335	4,660
Min Dong	15	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,215	1,860	2,350	260	125	135
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,230	535	690	45	20	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	4,800	2,380	2,425	1,245	620	630
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	10	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	430	235	195	960	495	460
Burmese	140	75	60	315	185	130
Karenic languages	105	55	45	635	310	325
Tibetan	65	50	10	30	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	80	70	25	40
Tai-Kadai languages	7,280	3,400	3,880	635	245	385
Lao	5,785	2,850	2,935	410	170	240
Thai	2,255	875	1,375	275	105	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	12,475	6,265	6,210	640	365	285
Azerbaijani	510	275	235	25	20	10
Turkish	11,415	5,755	5,665	530	310	220
Uyghur	230	110	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	230	105	125	60	25	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	235	115	120	25	10	15
Uralic languages	7,870	3,710	4,160	1,765	850	915
Estonian	150	55	95	20	15	10
Finnish	500	195	305	360	170	190
Hungarian	7,215	3,450	3,765	1,385	670	715
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,140	1,170	970	340	210	135
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350	998,035	496,635	501,395
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,521,230	779,620	741,610	237,720	121,535	116,185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740	760,310	375,105	385,210
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	379,910	188,245	191,665	72,525	36,750	35,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735	945,810	470,790	475,025
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,091,310	530,325	560,980	112,490	55,800	56,690
Before 1981	238,655	117,080	121,575	16,650	8,190	8,465
1981 to 1990	127,340	63,150	64,190	5,545	2,670	2,875
1991 to 2000	187,860	89,210	98,650	9,315	4,645	4,665
2001 to 2010	322,280	155,785	166,495	33,045	16,410	16,635
2001 to 2005	140,170	67,835	72,335	8,670	4,165	4,505
2006 to 2010	182,115	87,945	94,165	24,370	12,245	12,130
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	215,170	105,105	110,065	47,935	23,880	24,055
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	86,065	45,765	40,295	12,255	6,800	5,455
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,091,305	530,325	560,980	112,495	55,795	56,695
Under 5 years	112,930	54,600	58,330	12,060	6,100	5,965
5 to 14 years	174,020	87,165	86,855	21,295	11,015	10,280
15 to 24 years	215,350	98,880	116,475	19,295	8,990	10,305
25 to 44 years	515,770	256,095	259,675	50,945	25,060	25,890
45 years and over	73,230	33,590	39,640	8,895	4,635	4,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,091,305	530,330	560,980	112,490	55,800	56,690
Americas	247,505	113,190	134,315	10,765	5,010	5,760
Brazil	7,345	3,515	3,830	185	65	120
Colombia	25,580	11,645	13,935	555	275	280
El Salvador	11,120	5,500	5,615	630	290	340
Guyana	2,490	1,085	1,410	155	75	85
Haiti	80,965	35,375	45,585	65	45	20
Jamaica	4,665	2,040	2,625	815	425	395
Mexico	15,820	7,090	8,730	1,330	665	665
Peru	13,265	5,945	7,325	165	60	100
Trinidad and Tobago	4,075	1,840	2,240	210	105	110
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	25,955	12,800	13,155	4,845	2,045	2,800
Other places of birth in Americas	56,235	26,370	29,870	1,805	955	845
Europe	311,090	154,910	156,185	23,640	11,900	11,740
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,785	1,890	1,895	455	215	245
Croatia	2,140	1,085	1,050	445	280	165
France	81,225	43,490	37,735	215	90	125
Germany	9,750	4,365	5,390	2,575	1,280	1,295
Greece	18,420	9,135	9,285	605	325	280
Hungary	3,325	1,620	1,700	395	215	180
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	820	485	330	845	490	355
Italy	51,025	25,370	25,655	570	305	265
Netherlands	1,990	1,035	955	1,220	585	635
Poland	10,735	4,675	6,060	1,395	690	705
Portugal	18,985	9,185	9,800	220	105	120
Romania	28,695	13,695	15,005	695	335	360
Russian Federation	11,355	4,975	6,375	805	345	460
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,790	830	960	585	305	280
Ukraine	8,670	3,800	4,870	3,280	1,630	1,650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	12,905	6,645	6,260	7,020	3,520	3,505
Other places of birth in Europe	45,500	22,630	22,870	2,320	1,195	1,125
Africa	241,410	125,250	116,165	10,285	5,360	4,925
Algeria	59,465	31,180	28,280	50	35	15
Egypt	19,490	10,290	9,200	435	230	205
Ethiopia	995	495	495	635	285	355
Kenya	785	355	430	425	225	200
Morocco	60,700	31,435	29,270	180	95	80
Nigeria	1,340	740	600	1,695	845	855
Somalia	580	270	310	635	335	300
South Africa, Republic of	865	475	385	1,775	920	855
Other places of birth in Africa	97,200	50,005	47,190	4,455	2,390	2,065
Asia	289,825	136,175	153,655	67,120	33,175	33,945
Afghanistan	7,280	3,640	3,640	515	230	285
Bangladesh	7,940	3,990	3,950	2,575	1,365	1,210
China^{Census data footnote 59}	49,555	19,905	29,655	7,485	3,445	4,035
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,730	2,290	2,435	765	370	400
India	17,865	9,195	8,670	9,630	5,190	4,435
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	17,760	8,880	8,885	785	465	325
Iraq	3,735	1,960	1,775	1,175	625	550
Japan	1,725	395	1,330	265	65	200
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,230	1,995	2,230	1,120	475	645
Lebanon	39,135	20,800	18,340	255	160	90
Pakistan	10,010	5,260	4,750	6,860	3,575	3,280
Philippines	24,410	9,040	15,370	26,860	12,655	14,210
Sri Lanka	10,715	5,335	5,380	440	235	205
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	17,775	8,800	8,980	1,155	610	550
Taiwan	2,735	1,100	1,635	180	80	100
Viet Nam	25,440	11,765	13,675	2,615	1,340	1,280
Other places of birth in Asia	44,795	21,840	22,950	4,425	2,290	2,140
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,480	805	670	675	350	325
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	215,170	105,105	110,065	47,935	23,880	24,055
Americas	47,710	22,625	25,085	2,320	1,090	1,230
Brazil	3,010	1,495	1,520	45	10	35
Colombia	7,540	3,465	4,075	115	55	65
Cuba	2,565	1,260	1,315	35	20	15
Haiti	16,880	7,690	9,190	10	10	0
Jamaica	190	140	55	405	230	180
Mexico	4,210	1,955	2,255	435	215	225
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,990	2,265	1,720	745	330	420
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,955	935	1,020	35	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	7,365	3,425	3,935	490	220	270
Europe	39,320	20,085	19,235	4,855	2,405	2,455
France	20,030	10,855	9,175	50	15	45
Germany	580	250	330	190	105	80
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	105	35	525	315	205
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	3,750	1,695	2,055	100	50	50
Romania	2,945	1,260	1,685	95	35	60
Russian Federation	1,970	865	1,105	220	85	135
Ukraine	2,460	1,110	1,350	1,320	550	770
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	860	565	290	855	495	355
Other places of birth in Europe	6,590	3,385	3,205	1,505	755	750
Africa	74,200	37,110	37,090	4,405	2,315	2,085
Algeria	16,380	8,060	8,320	0	0	0
Cameroon	7,550	3,705	3,845	70	35	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	3,370	1,655	1,715	245	145	100
Côte d'Ivoire	5,070	2,505	2,565	15	15	0
Egypt	4,360	2,260	2,095	160	75	85
Eritrea	50	30	20	305	145	160
Ethiopia	125	65	60	190	110	85
Morocco	13,475	6,675	6,805	90	40	45
Nigeria	540	280	260	1,035	525	520
Somalia	95	40	50	300	170	125
South Africa, Republic of	175	115	60	550	285	265
Tunisia	5,855	3,025	2,825	85	45	40
Other places of birth in Africa	17,155	8,690	8,470	1,360	725	635
Asia	53,595	25,070	28,525	36,205	17,980	18,225
Afghanistan	1,555	715	840	125	45	85
Bangladesh	860	455	405	1,495	780	720
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,705	4,805	5,895	3,345	1,595	1,750
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	35	80	75	35	40
India	2,960	1,555	1,405	6,150	3,315	2,840
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	7,505	3,545	3,960	330	180	150
Iraq	985	465	515	405	200	205
Israel	645	390	255	95	55	35
Japan	330	30	295	40	10	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	825	370	455	475	195	280
Lebanon	3,955	2,100	1,860	80	50	30
Nepal	360	165	195	235	145	90
Pakistan	1,815	920	895	3,460	1,780	1,680
Philippines	5,635	2,345	3,290	16,615	7,905	8,715
Saudi Arabia	435	210	225	125	90	30
Sri Lanka	860	380	480	145	85	60
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	7,455	3,740	3,715	1,105	585	520
Taiwan	170	60	105	60	30	30
Turkey	585	300	285	80	45	35
United Arab Emirates	300	160	145	85	55	30
Viet Nam	1,505	560	945	855	415	445
Other places of birth in Asia	4,025	1,765	2,265	815	395	420
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	345	215	135	150	90	60
Australia	190	120	70	85	55	30
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	155	95	65	65	30	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,204,895	590,175	614,720	127,720	64,125	63,595
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	792,085	399,535	392,550	129,250	62,550	66,705
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745	813,580	406,710	406,870
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	867,685	420,465	447,220	96,750	48,140	48,610
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	469,015	243,915	225,100	66,930	34,420	32,510
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	224,720	137,975	86,745	26,475	17,690	8,790
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	244,300	105,945	138,360	40,455	16,735	23,725
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	241,225	96,130	145,095	16,835	6,740	10,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	146,295	75,100	71,195	12,625	6,810	5,820
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	11,150	5,320	5,825	350	170	185
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	182,885	91,890	90,995	175,020	84,730	90,290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	175,960	88,635	87,325	172,810	83,750	89,055
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	92,655	45,510	47,145	114,570	55,275	59,290
Métis	69,365	36,260	33,100	57,880	28,325	29,550
Inuk (Inuit)	13,940	6,865	7,075	360	145	215
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,760	1,330	1,430	1,305	605	705
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	4,170	1,930	2,245	905	375	530
Non-Aboriginal identity	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015	895,535	448,655	446,885
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,070,555	533,385	537,170
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	77,490	38,580	38,915	110,370	52,930	57,440
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100	960,190	480,455	479,735
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	118,780	58,535	60,245	98,315	47,665	50,650
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	115,480	56,930	58,550	94,565	45,900	48,665
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	87,700	42,730	44,965	84,015	40,960	43,055
Métis single ancestry	17,585	9,225	8,360	10,465	4,905	5,560
Inuit single ancestry	10,200	4,980	5,220	85	40	50
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,300	1,605	1,700	3,750	1,765	1,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,220	1,115	1,105	3,640	1,705	1,935
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	995	455	540	70	30	40
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	25	40	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	10	15	15	15	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	240,650	113,905	126,740	79,035	38,120	40,915
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	235,365	111,205	124,165	72,560	35,130	37,430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	193,625	90,650	102,975	36,680	17,715	18,960
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	37,080	18,320	18,760	35,545	17,265	18,285
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,660	2,230	2,425	335	150	180
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	5,280	2,700	2,575	6,480	2,990	3,485
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,040	2,105	1,940	6,355	2,930	3,420
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	990	475	515	80	40	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	110	115	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030	893,205	447,595	445,610
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,032,365	505,180	527,185	115,875	58,810	57,065
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	90,335	46,750	43,585	29,960	16,065	13,895
Chinese	99,505	44,370	55,135	15,545	7,545	7,995
Black	319,230	154,110	165,120	14,925	7,845	7,085
Filipino	34,910	14,275	20,635	32,340	15,540	16,795
Latin American	133,920	64,655	69,260	4,195	2,095	2,095
Arab	213,740	113,420	100,320	4,300	2,385	1,915
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	62,820	29,960	32,865	5,745	2,940	2,800
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	32,405	16,200	16,210	2,065	1,100	965
Korean	8,055	3,865	4,190	1,875	795	1,085
Japanese	4,570	1,755	2,820	955	420	530
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,840	4,670	5,175	1,150	605	545
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	23,045	11,160	11,885	2,820	1,460	1,355
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830	954,685	474,575	480,110
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
North American Aboriginal origins	359,430	172,440	186,985	177,355	85,790	91,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	289,610	137,550	152,065	130,880	63,405	67,475
Inuit	17,175	8,300	8,880	650	305	345
Métis	61,260	30,915	30,345	56,090	26,860	29,235
Other North American origins	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605	230,620	115,250	115,370
Acadian	34,785	16,440	18,345	485	270	215
American	45,050	21,470	23,580	13,455	6,410	7,045
Canadian	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555	220,960	110,550	110,410
New Brunswicker	750	370	380	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	570	280	295	130	65	60
Nova Scotian	365	155	215	25	10	20
Ontarian	1,345	660	685	20	20	10
Québécois	184,005	93,895	90,110	240	100	140
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	205	110	100	85	35	55
European origins	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825	759,080	375,755	383,325
British Isles origins	745,715	360,135	385,575	427,735	210,345	217,390
Channel Islander	1,440	725	720	10	0	0
Cornish	70	35	40	35	15	20
English	228,520	111,855	116,670	253,205	123,490	129,715
Irish	446,215	211,545	234,665	155,725	74,480	81,245
Manx	200	105	95	250	120	130
Scottish	215,030	103,395	111,635	193,330	94,500	98,825
Welsh	10,765	5,075	5,690	17,790	8,510	9,280
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	32,525	15,440	17,080	16,095	7,900	8,190
French origins	1,878,795	941,770	937,025	125,810	60,920	64,890
Alsatian	1,050	520	525	10	10	10
Breton	11,140	5,410	5,725	25	10	15
Corsican	1,270	690	580	15	0	15
French	1,870,545	937,665	932,875	125,775	60,910	64,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	244,380	119,115	125,260	336,715	166,380	170,340
Austrian	12,710	6,285	6,430	17,565	8,670	8,895
Bavarian	40	30	20	50	45	0
Belgian	51,340	25,295	26,050	9,660	4,745	4,915
Dutch	26,000	12,805	13,190	36,230	17,500	18,730
Flemish	1,345	660	685	805	415	395
Frisian	15	20	0	70	35	35
German	142,225	68,250	73,975	296,385	146,600	149,780
Luxembourger	910	445	460	500	275	225
Swiss	24,500	12,615	11,885	4,710	2,370	2,340
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	125	80	50	35	25	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,460	12,490	12,975	115,995	56,380	59,615
Danish	5,700	2,815	2,885	11,530	5,605	5,935
Finnish	3,130	1,430	1,700	5,400	2,585	2,815
Icelandic	955	480	470	8,255	4,055	4,205
Norwegian	7,820	3,835	3,985	68,640	33,310	35,335
Swedish	6,840	3,275	3,565	32,815	15,630	17,185
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,500	1,265	1,230	3,530	1,735	1,790
Eastern European origins	249,940	121,660	128,285	243,055	119,620	123,435
Bulgarian	9,570	4,675	4,895	355	190	160
Byelorussian	2,530	1,235	1,295	290	150	140
Czech	6,295	2,965	3,330	4,960	2,545	2,415
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,150	1,100	1,050	2,765	1,270	1,495
Estonian	890	460	435	265	150	115
Hungarian	28,280	13,970	14,310	27,885	13,730	14,155
Latvian	1,740	835	905	535	265	265
Lithuanian	6,630	3,320	3,305	1,045	550	500
Moldovan	7,620	3,710	3,900	345	145	200
Polish	79,040	38,705	40,335	59,950	28,680	31,275
Romanian	53,060	25,935	27,125	12,730	6,215	6,515
Russian	55,230	26,405	28,830	39,395	19,620	19,775
Slovak	4,770	2,375	2,395	1,390	750	645
Ukrainian	42,550	20,575	21,975	143,700	70,670	73,025
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	2,900	1,505	1,400	255	115	135
Southern European origins	549,750	273,670	276,080	27,415	13,420	13,995
Albanian	3,760	1,950	1,805	605	310	290
Bosnian	2,970	1,485	1,490	515	260	260
Catalan	735	395	340	15	10	10
Croatian	6,745	3,375	3,370	2,570	1,295	1,275
Cypriot	480	240	245	45	35	10
Greek	71,330	36,235	35,090	2,880	1,475	1,400
Italian	326,700	162,650	164,045	11,310	5,585	5,725
Kosovar	505	295	210	30	25	10
Macedonian	775	400	370	110	45	65
Maltese	1,220	615	610	125	65	60
Montenegrin	450	250	200	85	40	40
Portuguese	69,805	34,825	34,980	1,885	850	1,035
Serbian	5,950	2,915	3,040	1,300	670	630
Sicilian	1,435	710	725	100	75	25
Slovenian	2,510	1,225	1,280	640	275	365
Spanish	85,360	41,745	43,615	5,670	2,615	3,050
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	3,270	1,595	1,670	1,065	535	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	300	155	145	35	0	30
Other European origins	38,670	19,875	18,800	3,885	2,075	1,805
Basque	3,620	1,930	1,690	50	40	10
Jewish	25,235	12,955	12,280	1,725	905	815
Roma (Gypsy)	475	270	205	165	85	80
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	360	180	185	200	95	105
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	9,215	4,690	4,530	1,755	965	790
Caribbean origins	201,625	93,935	107,690	3,810	2,005	1,805
Antiguan	380	170	205	0	0	0
Bahamian	430	205	225	15	10	0
Barbadian	5,570	2,585	2,985	110	45	60
Bermudan	115	50	65	20	20	0
Carib	405	150	255	10	0	10
Cuban	9,830	4,800	5,035	185	125	55
Dominican	11,560	5,320	6,235	115	75	45
Grenadian	1,965	790	1,175	60	25	30
Guadeloupean	1,010	475	535	0	0	0
Haitian	143,165	66,245	76,925	110	75	40
Jamaican	14,100	6,785	7,315	2,250	1,200	1,050
Kittitian/Nevisian	360	200	160	0	0	0
Martinican	1,775	820	950	0	0	0
Montserratan	240	140	105	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	530	270	255	55	15	40
St. Lucian	860	450	405	45	15	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	6,585	2,925	3,660	415	215	200
Vincentian/Grenadinian	4,020	1,695	2,325	30	20	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	5,635	2,610	3,025	355	135	225
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	4,195	1,995	2,205	190	90	100
Latin, Central and South American origins	167,275	81,215	86,065	6,695	3,295	3,400
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,100	2,885	3,210	300	150	150
Arawak	180	60	120	0	0	0
Argentinian	4,950	2,490	2,460	160	60	95
Belizean	80	40	40	55	35	15
Bolivian	1,730	815	915	45	30	15
Brazilian	8,345	4,075	4,275	305	150	155
Chilean	14,060	7,055	7,005	860	450	415
Colombian	33,965	15,915	18,050	705	335	370
Costa Rican	1,180	570	610	50	15	35
Ecuadorian	2,720	1,255	1,470	105	70	30
Guatemalan	10,175	5,380	4,795	270	135	140
Guyanese	3,670	1,810	1,860	185	110	75
Hispanic	1,155	570	585	125	75	50
Honduran	4,335	2,135	2,200	95	45	50
Maya	1,670	935	735	140	75	65
Mexican	26,930	13,185	13,745	2,125	1,060	1,065
Nicaraguan	2,805	1,360	1,445	140	50	90
Panamanian	1,460	755	710	15	0	10
Paraguayan	365	155	205	40	30	10
Peruvian	19,735	9,240	10,495	295	120	175
Salvadorean	19,200	9,535	9,665	765	350	415
Uruguayan	1,755	815	940	65	20	40
Venezuelan	7,475	3,430	4,045	55	30	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	5,845	2,965	2,880	320	165	160
African origins	382,665	196,910	185,755	16,170	8,480	7,690
Central and West African origins	86,695	44,720	41,975	4,440	2,355	2,090
Akan	630	325	310	115	80	40
Angolan	875	425	450	10	0	10
Ashanti	120	90	35	10	10	0
Beninese	4,125	2,220	1,915	0	0	0
Burkinabe	2,465	1,325	1,145	20	15	10
Cameroonian	17,095	8,635	8,465	205	90	110
Chadian	1,045	525	520	0	0	0
Congolese	20,210	9,960	10,250	530	290	240
Edo	110	60	45	40	20	15
Ewe	460	265	200	10	0	0
Gabonese	1,165	545	620	0	0	0
Gambian	150	95	55	40	20	15
Ghanaian	3,235	1,660	1,575	555	320	235
Guinean	5,255	2,765	2,485	25	20	10
Ibo	185	95	95	485	275	215
Ivorian	8,545	4,350	4,200	75	35	45
Liberian	150	60	90	85	25	60
Malian	3,535	1,755	1,775	30	15	15
Malinké	635	340	295	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,820	1,510	1,310	1,715	875	835
Peulh	2,110	1,080	1,030	0	0	0
Senegalese	8,250	4,420	3,835	20	15	10
Sierra Leonean	110	55	55	40	25	10
Togolese	4,080	2,210	1,870	55	35	20
Wolof	660	390	270	0	10	0
Yoruba	460	225	235	520	270	255
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	6,955	3,690	3,275	235	115	125
North African origins	225,125	117,725	107,410	2,190	1,210	980
Algerian	60,375	31,185	29,190	70	50	15
Berber	33,825	17,840	15,985	55	45	15
Coptic	685	385	305	40	15	20
Dinka	15	10	10	35	20	15
Egyptian	29,400	15,295	14,100	535	290	245
Libyan	1,075	590	485	205	115	85
Maure	530	290	240	0	0	0
Moroccan	85,940	44,520	41,420	220	110	115
Sudanese	370	220	150	935	515	420
Tunisian	21,475	11,775	9,695	105	60	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	3,340	1,845	1,490	40	30	10
Southern and East African origins	28,925	14,225	14,705	6,320	3,210	3,110
Afrikaner	115	75	40	60	35	30
Amhara	65	30	35	20	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	1,905	1,040	870	45	30	10
Burundian	6,015	2,945	3,070	300	155	145
Djiboutian	450	205	245	10	10	10
Eritrean	580	290	290	1,130	540	590
Ethiopian	1,575	785	785	675	335	345
Harari	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	530	270	260	190	95	95
Malagasy	3,735	1,815	1,920	10	0	10
Mauritian	3,695	1,735	1,960	205	90	110
Oromo	20	15	10	140	65	75
Rwandan	5,130	2,445	2,685	80	20	60
Seychellois	775	345	425	10	10	0
Somali	1,785	865	915	1,275	635	635
South African	900	490	420	1,295	680	615
Tanzanian	325	190	140	55	35	20
Tigrian	95	35	55	45	30	15
Ugandan	290	135	160	90	40	50
Zambian	45	20	25	190	90	100
Zimbabwean	300	150	145	260	170	90
Zulu	70	35	35	35	30	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,790	915	875	535	300	240
Other African origins	46,805	22,845	23,965	3,605	1,940	1,665
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	3,800	1,845	1,950	345	190	160
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	43,785	21,415	22,370	3,290	1,770	1,525
Asian origins	563,150	275,170	287,980	99,125	49,845	49,280
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	240,795	123,985	116,810	9,415	5,015	4,400
Afghan	10,945	5,550	5,395	780	390	385
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	44,875	23,680	21,195	1,175	645	530
Armenian	27,380	13,515	13,865	240	130	115
Assyrian	370	205	165	215	120	95
Azerbaijani	555	295	255	50	25	25
Georgian	635	295	345	35	20	10
Hazara	385	190	200	25	10	20
Iranian	25,530	12,845	12,685	1,345	740	600
Iraqi	5,520	2,780	2,740	1,290	690	605
Israeli	6,060	3,235	2,830	120	75	50
Jordanian	1,610	840	770	75	40	30
Kazakh	620	295	325	30	15	15
Kurd	2,135	1,180	960	200	110	90
Kuwaiti	95	50	50	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	260	140	120	30	10	20
Lebanese	78,140	40,695	37,450	1,360	660	700
Palestinian	6,865	3,520	3,345	120	60	55
Pashtun	515	280	235	175	100	75
Saudi Arabian	645	390	255	110	80	30
Syrian	27,465	13,845	13,620	1,365	740	625
Tajik	390	180	210	10	10	0
Tatar	910	430	485	60	25	35
Turk	15,060	7,520	7,545	860	450	405
Turkmen	65	45	25	20	10	10
Uighur	375	185	190	0	0	0
Uzbek	465	210	255	70	15	50
Yemeni	805	450	355	45	20	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,465	1,385	1,075	265	130	130
South Asian origins	95,670	48,925	46,745	29,830	15,955	13,870
Bangladeshi	7,075	3,625	3,450	2,040	1,090	945
Bengali	4,125	2,035	2,090	600	350	250
Bhutanese	420	205	215	210	110	100
East Indian	51,650	26,505	25,140	18,695	10,090	8,600
Goan	210	105	110	45	25	15
Gujarati	420	205	215	195	105	95
Kashmiri	260	155	105	115	75	40
Nepali	930	460	470	565	320	245
Pakistani	13,535	7,000	6,535	6,255	3,220	3,035
Punjabi	2,970	1,675	1,295	1,425	790	635
Sinhalese	310	135	175	65	30	30
Sri Lankan	14,750	7,300	7,450	515	290	225
Tamil	3,100	1,610	1,495	120	65	55
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,135	1,190	945	1,075	545	530
East and Southeast Asian origins	229,985	103,805	126,180	60,010	28,955	31,060
Burmese	530	270	255	465	210	260
Cambodian (Khmer)	15,345	7,360	7,985	305	165	145
Chinese	121,445	54,595	66,850	19,075	9,300	9,780
Filipino	37,910	15,590	22,320	33,630	16,200	17,425
Hmong	35	10	20	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,320	570	755	220	115	105
Japanese	6,495	2,615	3,875	1,220	530	690
Karen	95	55	40	585	290	290
Korean	8,740	4,155	4,580	2,025	870	1,155
Laotian	7,625	3,860	3,770	705	335	380
Malaysian	645	300	340	160	75	80
Mongolian	960	470	485	205	105	100
Singaporean	105	65	40	10	0	10
Taiwanese	2,205	940	1,265	265	115	155
Thai	2,695	1,065	1,635	420	170	250
Tibetan	80	45	30	50	35	25
Vietnamese	43,080	20,790	22,290	3,690	1,885	1,800
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	275	125	155	95	40	55
Other Asian origins	1,765	905	865	735	340	390
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,770	905	860	735	345	385
Oceania origins	3,250	1,730	1,515	1,430	760	665
Australian	2,055	1,125	935	890	505	385
New Zealander	490	245	245	265	140	125
Pacific Islands origins	785	410	380	310	140	170
Fijian	70	25	40	110	60	50
Hawaiian	60	40	20	25	10	10
Maori	90	55	35	45	0	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	290	145	145	25	15	10
Samoan	15	15	0	55	25	30
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	295	155	145	60	25	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	3,531,665	...	...	432,620	...	...
Owner	2,163,735	...	...	311,470	...	...
Renter	1,362,010	...	...	109,685	...	...
Band housing	5,915	...	...	11,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	3,531,660	...	...	432,620	...	...
Condominium	413,325	...	...	41,960	...	...
Not condominium	3,118,340	...	...	390,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	3,531,665	...	...	432,625	...	...
No bedrooms	23,725	...	...	1,290	...	...
1 bedroom	573,370	...	...	40,600	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,100,310	...	...	97,340	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,157,300	...	...	148,060	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	676,955	...	...	145,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	3,531,665	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,258,215	...	...	92,375	...	...
5 rooms	620,935	...	...	67,645	...	...
6 rooms	432,090	...	...	64,215	...	...
7 rooms	403,255	...	...	57,945	...	...
8 or more rooms	817,165	...	...	150,440	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	3,531,665	...	...	432,625	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,492,135	...	...	422,915	...	...
More than 1 person per room	39,530	...	...	9,705	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	3,531,660	...	...	432,620	...	...
Suitable	3,398,910	...	...	412,220	...	...
Not suitable	132,755	...	...	20,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	3,531,660	...	...	432,620	...	...
1960 or before	894,495	...	...	101,805	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,116,760	...	...	150,440	...	...
1981 to 1990	503,495	...	...	62,270	...	...
1991 to 2000	369,020	...	...	33,495	...	...
2001 to 2005	196,830	...	...	17,905	...	...
2006 to 2010	241,545	...	...	28,610	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	209,515	...	...	38,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	3,531,665	...	...	432,625	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	3,304,625	...	...	395,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	227,040	...	...	37,520	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	3,531,665	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,221,970	...	...	261,245	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,264,195	...	...	162,550	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	45,500	...	...	8,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	3,531,665	...	...	432,625	...	...
15 to 24 years	119,495	...	...	18,235	...	...
25 to 34 years	498,070	...	...	72,225	...	...
35 to 44 years	603,840	...	...	73,675	...	...
45 to 54 years	682,290	...	...	77,920	...	...
55 to 64 years	731,390	...	...	84,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	541,630	...	...	56,280	...	...
75 to 84 years	270,280	...	...	34,845	...	...
85 years and over	84,680	...	...	15,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	3,496,460	...	...	396,790	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,763,105	...	...	316,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	733,355	...	...	80,295	...	...
30% to less than 100%	647,975	...	...	70,690	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,141,690	...	...	289,805	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.9	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.9	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	983	...	...	1,001	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	1,178	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,302	...	...	299,606	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	290,484	...	...	318,917	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,358,265	...	...	107,535	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.3	...	...	21.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.7	...	...	42.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	720	...	...	965	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	775	...	...	1,021	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	857,295	424,265	433,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,323,070	674,955	648,115	177,210	96,680	80,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,426,980	674,820	752,155	261,210	133,730	127,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970	418,880	193,855	225,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,120,730	681,515	439,215	89,440	64,100	25,340
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	806,585	435,090	371,495	38,045	21,495	16,550
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	314,145	246,425	67,720	51,395	42,605	8,790
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,165,515	506,775	658,740	146,770	51,240	95,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	236,255	93,680	142,575	28,195	10,790	17,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,361,730	628,290	733,440	154,480	67,730	86,745
Bachelor's degree	872,060	384,275	487,790	112,760	47,490	65,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	118,955	54,255	64,695	7,635	3,400	4,235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	39,045	19,865	19,185	4,830	2,580	2,245
Master's degree	281,215	139,280	141,935	24,375	11,095	13,275
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50,455	30,615	19,840	4,880	3,155	1,725
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125	566,245	282,510	283,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	580,635	323,880	256,750	69,200	42,050	27,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	808,955	396,620	412,330	168,035	88,530	79,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040	329,005	151,930	177,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	866,595	513,575	353,015	66,955	48,885	18,075
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	631,795	330,140	301,655	27,765	16,095	11,670
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	234,800	183,440	51,360	39,190	32,785	6,400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	832,430	367,185	465,245	115,085	41,085	74,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	167,025	67,530	99,495	19,380	7,775	11,605
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,116,300	499,010	617,290	127,585	54,190	73,395
Bachelor's degree	712,935	308,760	404,175	92,905	38,180	54,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	94,240	40,085	54,160	5,890	2,525	3,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30,775	13,505	17,270	4,065	1,995	2,070
Master's degree	238,300	113,895	124,410	20,975	9,170	11,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	40,050	22,780	17,270	3,750	2,320	1,435
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	857,295	424,265	433,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270	438,420	230,405	208,005
Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	40,995	10,635	30,355
13. Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	40,990	10,635	30,350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	156,720	71,485	85,240	8,870	4,150	4,720
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25,380	18,280	7,100	2,015	1,455	560
50. Visual and performing arts	131,340	53,200	78,140	6,850	2,690	4,160
Humanities	215,735	86,065	129,675	15,400	6,905	8,495
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	32,180	7,165	25,020	1,030	260	770
23. English language and literature/letters	12,900	4,060	8,835	3,180	990	2,190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	103,120	42,685	60,435	3,105	1,185	1,920
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	880	395	485	35	0	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10,400	6,650	3,755	1,180	695	480
39. Theology and religious vocations	10,125	6,200	3,930	4,700	2,645	2,050
54. History	17,055	9,990	7,065	1,760	1,000	760
55. French language and literature/letters	29,070	8,920	20,155	425	120	300
Social and behavioural sciences and law	380,995	125,025	255,975	30,500	10,015	20,485
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	1,165	3,150	750	185	565
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	48,530	16,690	31,845	2,060	905	1,160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	77,470	6,070	71,400	6,805	425	6,380
22. Legal professions and studies	67,185	25,785	41,395	5,410	1,930	3,480
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	9,905	2,035	7,870	465	155	310
42. Psychology	57,335	14,030	43,305	5,555	1,480	4,075
45. Social sciences	116,255	59,245	57,015	9,455	4,940	4,510
Business, management and public administration	879,190	321,450	557,740	85,800	25,105	60,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	815	300	520	240	50	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	47,715	10,490	37,225	8,250	1,710	6,545
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	830,660	310,665	519,990	77,310	23,350	53,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140,990	76,780	64,215	11,455	5,905	5,550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	49,705	20,900	28,805	5,675	2,515	3,160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	23,210	13,865	9,350	1,395	725	670
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	21,890	10,810	11,080	105	25	80
40. Physical sciences	39,060	27,545	11,515	3,240	2,265	970
41. Science technologies/technicians	7,120	3,660	3,465	1,045	375	670
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	152,105	104,850	47,255	11,695	7,040	4,655
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125,480	92,730	32,750	9,390	6,135	3,250
25. Library science	11,110	2,145	8,965	990	85	905
27. Mathematics and statistics	13,415	8,365	5,045	1,145	700	445
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,100	1,605	495	170	110	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	828,400	758,350	70,055	93,145	86,660	6,485
04. Architecture and related services	29,015	17,055	11,960	1,520	960	560
14. Engineering	150,450	124,585	25,865	14,090	11,790	2,300
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	150,640	135,445	15,195	13,790	12,290	1,505
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	20	40	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	185,385	179,995	5,390	24,650	23,840	810
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	184,280	178,510	5,770	26,325	25,535	790
48. Precision production	128,580	122,750	5,830	12,765	12,240	525
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	85,485	56,900	28,585	16,655	12,040	4,615
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	51,770	30,870	20,900	13,585	9,885	3,705
03. Natural resources and conservation	33,715	26,025	7,690	3,075	2,160	910
Health and related fields	480,230	95,450	384,780	74,750	12,215	62,530
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	27,955	14,675	13,280	4,340	2,030	2,315
51. Health professions and related programs	441,105	74,630	366,470	69,090	9,460	59,630
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,160	6,140	5,020	1,315	725	590
Personal, protective and transportation services	290,005	151,070	138,935	29,585	13,165	16,420
12. Personal and culinary services	164,595	43,720	120,875	18,450	3,845	14,605
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	290	270	20	10	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,345	1,245	100	175	160	20
43. Security and protective services	54,625	42,415	12,210	5,070	3,705	1,360
49. Transportation and materials moving	69,160	63,425	5,740	5,880	5,450	430
Other	1,055	375	680	40	20	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,055	375	675	40	20	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130	566,245	282,510	283,730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,389,585	720,500	669,085	237,235	130,580	106,660
Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	28,195	6,885	21,310
13. Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	28,195	6,885	21,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	122,045	55,575	66,475	7,175	3,350	3,825
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	19,510	13,740	5,770	1,550	1,100	450
50. Visual and performing arts	102,535	41,830	60,705	5,630	2,250	3,380
Humanities	138,330	54,580	83,750	11,760	5,110	6,650
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25,220	5,455	19,765	825	205	620
23. English language and literature/letters	9,585	2,990	6,595	2,470	745	1,735
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	57,730	25,305	32,430	2,515	910	1,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	600	255	350	30	10	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,980	4,415	2,570	920	540	380
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,415	3,380	2,035	3,345	1,905	1,435
54. History	12,235	7,140	5,095	1,365	725	640
55. French language and literature/letters	20,555	5,640	14,915	285	75	205
Social and behavioural sciences and law	301,550	95,120	206,430	25,830	8,205	17,625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,550	925	2,620	670	165	505
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40,275	13,900	26,370	1,870	800	1,065
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	63,120	4,295	58,825	5,680	350	5,330
22. Legal professions and studies	53,620	18,830	34,790	4,735	1,550	3,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	6,840	1,420	5,420	370	120	250
42. Psychology	44,540	10,255	34,285	4,335	1,055	3,280
45. Social sciences	89,610	45,495	44,110	8,175	4,160	4,010
Business, management and public administration	706,400	248,920	457,480	69,300	20,470	48,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	615	215	400	195	35	165
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,320	7,835	30,485	6,795	1,230	5,570
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	667,470	240,870	426,600	62,310	19,205	43,105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	92,480	49,390	43,090	8,985	4,575	4,405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,895	16,635	24,260	4,490	1,995	2,495
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,450	7,435	5,015	1,085	530	550
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	4,175	2,385	1,785	95	25	70
40. Physical sciences	29,705	20,255	9,445	2,545	1,700	845
41. Science technologies/technicians	5,255	2,675	2,580	770	320	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	132,750	91,865	40,885	10,235	6,210	4,030
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	112,715	83,240	29,470	8,590	5,615	2,970
25. Library science	8,720	1,665	7,055	730	60	670
27. Mathematics and statistics	9,725	5,815	3,915	760	430	335
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,585	1,150	440	160	105	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	639,185	577,845	61,335	72,720	67,225	5,500
04. Architecture and related services	24,260	13,870	10,385	1,215	745	470
14. Engineering	126,835	103,165	23,665	11,685	9,635	2,045
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	116,595	103,710	12,885	11,195	9,865	1,330
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	15	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	134,865	130,350	4,510	18,905	18,275	630
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	139,935	135,155	4,780	19,855	19,240	620
48. Precision production	96,655	91,580	5,075	9,865	9,460	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	69,865	45,215	24,655	13,365	9,360	4,005
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	41,755	23,965	17,795	10,720	7,545	3,175
03. Natural resources and conservation	28,110	21,250	6,860	2,645	1,815	835
Health and related fields	368,600	72,245	296,355	57,985	9,720	48,265
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	22,660	11,635	11,030	3,520	1,635	1,890
51. Health professions and related programs	337,320	56,510	280,810	53,345	7,510	45,835
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,620	4,110	4,510	1,120	580	545
Personal, protective and transportation services	229,640	118,260	111,375	23,415	10,820	12,600
12. Personal and culinary services	129,245	32,830	96,410	14,320	3,175	11,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	225	200	25	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	875	795	80	100	95	0
43. Security and protective services	42,550	32,575	9,975	4,055	2,955	1,105
49. Transportation and materials moving	56,750	51,860	4,890	4,935	4,590	340
Other	890	300	595	35	15	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	890	300	595	35	10	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	857,300	424,265	433,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270	438,415	230,410	208,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970	418,880	193,855	225,025
Location of study inside Canada	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880	366,620	167,715	198,905
Same as province or territory of residence	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270	293,455	130,990	162,465
Different than province or territory of residence	142,415	73,800	68,610	73,165	36,725	36,445
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	374,620	193,530	181,090	52,260	26,140	26,120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	28,320	16,915	11,410	7,230	3,670	3,560
Philippines	12,515	3,600	8,920	13,980	6,230	7,750
India	6,805	3,660	3,150	6,215	3,280	2,930
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,250	6,535	4,715	3,250	1,830	1,420
China^{Census data footnote 162}	17,155	7,755	9,395	2,730	1,295	1,435
France	69,665	39,885	29,780	220	125	95
Other	228,905	115,185	113,725	18,630	9,705	8,925
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130	566,245	282,510	283,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,389,590	720,505	669,085	237,235	130,580	106,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045	329,010	151,930	177,075
Location of study inside Canada	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780	283,450	129,445	154,005
Same as province or territory of residence	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280	225,420	100,405	125,010
Different than province or territory of residence	108,630	55,125	53,500	58,035	29,035	28,995
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	306,115	153,850	152,265	45,560	22,490	23,070
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	19,655	11,145	8,505	5,210	2,495	2,715
Philippines	10,545	2,935	7,610	13,335	5,950	7,385
India	4,865	2,465	2,400	5,560	2,935	2,625
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	7,390	4,245	3,145	2,180	1,275	905
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15,420	6,865	8,550	2,520	1,180	1,345
France	57,315	32,115	25,205	200	115	85
Other	190,930	94,085	96,850	16,555	8,540	8,015
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	857,295	424,260	433,035
In the labour force	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	585,540	311,110	274,430
Employed	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	544,095	286,330	257,760
Unemployed	306,170	177,630	128,540	41,445	24,775	16,665
Not in the labour force	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480	271,760	113,155	158,605
Participation rate	64.1	67.9	60.5	68.3	73.3	63.4
Employment rate	59.5	62.5	56.7	63.5	67.5	59.5
Unemployment rate	7.2	8.0	6.3	7.1	8.0	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	857,295	424,260	433,030
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655	242,835	100,140	142,695
Worked	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585	614,460	324,130	290,335
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215	313,945	180,260	133,690
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375	300,515	143,870	156,650
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.7	42.3	42.6	43.1	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	585,535	311,110	274,425
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,485	51,640	49,850	10,230	5,205	5,020
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915	575,310	305,900	269,405
Employee	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185	490,180	250,460	239,710
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	489,090	299,355	189,730	85,130	55,440	29,695
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	585,535	311,105	274,430
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,640	49,850	10,225	5,205	5,020
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	575,310	305,905	269,410
0 Management occupations	418,450	263,585	154,875	81,060	54,030	27,035
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	677,390	210,525	466,865	80,640	20,280	60,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	286,270	222,375	63,895	28,325	21,685	6,640
3 Health occupations	295,765	57,160	238,610	41,675	6,510	35,170
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	502,945	147,145	355,795	64,685	19,715	44,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	135,730	64,370	71,365	10,760	4,025	6,735
6 Sales and service occupations	988,610	449,820	538,790	124,090	50,165	73,920
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	574,675	544,100	30,570	99,755	93,540	6,215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	67,290	55,610	11,685	28,155	22,590	5,565
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	206,875	148,405	58,475	16,165	13,370	2,800
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765	585,540	311,105	274,430
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,635	49,850	10,225	5,200	5,020
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	575,310	305,905	269,410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	84,060	60,460	23,595	51,255	36,820	14,440
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20,920	18,175	2,745	23,070	20,040	3,025
22 Utilities	28,410	20,650	7,755	5,395	3,780	1,610
23 Construction	254,055	223,770	30,285	49,310	43,460	5,850
31-33 Manufacturing	458,315	332,080	126,240	26,710	21,000	5,710
41 Wholesale trade	157,365	104,885	52,475	20,480	15,325	5,155
44-45 Retail trade	508,170	239,625	268,545	63,360	30,185	33,180
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	187,550	142,550	45,000	24,755	19,385	5,370
51 Information and cultural industries	100,775	59,705	41,070	10,005	5,055	4,950
52 Finance and insurance	165,140	66,175	98,965	20,155	6,495	13,655
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	61,380	36,505	24,875	7,650	4,425	3,220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	288,715	161,030	127,685	25,250	12,985	12,265
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,305	1,270	2,035	1,340	680	660
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	176,185	108,280	67,905	16,395	9,660	6,735
61 Educational services	306,575	96,170	210,405	45,360	13,670	31,690
62 Health care and social assistance	532,680	99,380	433,295	72,625	11,285	61,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	84,130	44,235	39,895	10,545	5,120	5,425
72 Accommodation and food services	278,500	123,235	155,265	37,785	14,295	23,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	193,700	89,455	104,245	25,680	12,590	13,090
91 Public administration	264,085	135,455	128,630	38,180	19,640	18,535
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	544,095	286,330	257,760
Worked at home	266,285	134,325	131,960	59,385	34,110	25,275
Worked outside Canada	10,600	7,580	3,020	840	550	295
No fixed workplace address	351,595	265,405	86,185	68,510	54,860	13,650
Worked at usual place	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050	415,355	196,815	218,545
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050	415,355	196,815	218,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,732,155	810,895	921,260	288,875	131,440	157,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	485,450	234,700	250,750	89,420	45,175	44,250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,037,125	549,095	488,030	28,040	15,365	12,675
Commute to a different province or territory	66,125	35,110	31,015	9,015	4,830	4,185
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240	483,865	251,675	232,190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625	402,405	216,695	185,705
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	133,760	51,045	82,715	27,960	10,265	17,695
Public transit	503,285	217,465	285,820	13,825	5,380	8,445
Walked	205,350	93,595	111,760	27,120	11,505	15,615
Bicycle	54,625	36,470	18,155	5,475	3,415	2,065
Other method	36,010	20,845	15,170	7,075	4,410	2,665
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240	483,865	251,675	232,190
Less than 15 minutes	1,035,455	493,225	542,235	212,525	101,290	111,235
15 to 29 minutes	1,200,455	617,010	583,445	179,160	95,105	84,055
30 to 44 minutes	777,955	425,640	352,310	53,345	30,035	23,310
45 to 59 minutes	343,540	184,440	159,100	17,630	10,285	7,345
60 minutes and over	315,035	174,875	140,160	21,205	14,960	6,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240	483,865	251,675	232,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	256,150	192,835	63,315	29,630	21,835	7,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	675,585	420,120	255,465	88,420	56,715	31,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,133,510	527,925	605,580	158,875	83,520	75,355
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	714,935	296,300	418,630	101,065	40,385	60,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	349,845	148,715	201,125	41,740	16,680	25,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	542,425	309,295	233,125	64,140	32,540	31,600
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655	633,325	332,450	300,875
Single responses	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385	630,465	331,130	299,335
Official languages	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420	626,545	329,115	297,435
English	541,720	294,935	246,780	624,555	328,520	296,030
French	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640	1,995	590	1,405
Non-official languages	34,160	17,190	16,970	3,920	2,020	1,895
Aboriginal languages	12,670	6,180	6,490	1,540	775	770
Algonquian languages	8,350	4,095	4,260	915	485	435
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	8,285	4,060	4,220	905	470	430
Atikamekw	1,100	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	1,800	840	960	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	210	105	100	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	20	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	55	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	40	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	5,145	2,515	2,630	770	395	375
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	20	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	25	15	10	10
Algonquin	45	20	30	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	290	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	625	285	340
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	625	285	335
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	4,305	2,080	2,220	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	4,290	2,075	2,215	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	15	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,490	11,005	10,480	2,375	1,245	1,130
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,895	1,125	775	115	100	20
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,860	1,110	745	110	95	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	1,715	1,045	665	75	65	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	20	20	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	140	70	70	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,725	850	870	245	135	115
Khmer (Cambodian)	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,410	710	695	245	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	205	105	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	50	60	185	100	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	275	90	190	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	265	90	175	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	145	75	70	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,165	5,255	4,910	560	250	305
Albanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Armenian	275	130	145	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,130	500	635	100	35	60
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,115	495	625	95	35	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	55	20	30	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	170	65	105	0	0	0
Russian	735	340	395	25	10	10
Serbian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	35	75	65	20	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,285	575	715	165	95	65
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	25	10	15	40	25	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	370	170	195	80	50	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	860	375	485	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	15	0
Greek	525	260	270	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,385	780	600	180	75	100
Indo-Aryan languages	680	390	295	160	70	90
Bengali	110	70	35	25	15	10
Gujarati	20	0	10	0	0	10
Hindi	35	20	15	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	0	10	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	415	225	190	40	20	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Urdu	85	50	35	50	25	30
Iranian languages	700	395	305	20	10	15
Kurdish	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	675	385	285	25	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,525	2,990	2,540	110	45	70
Catalan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Italian	590	315	275	0	0	0
Portuguese	635	365	270	0	0	0
Romanian	320	140	175	10	0	0
Spanish	3,975	2,165	1,810	105	40	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	235	80	150	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	300	150	150	110	40	70
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	25	20	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	205	60	140	60	35	30
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	125	20	110	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	30	50	30	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,070	3,125	2,945	1,030	560	465
Chinese languages	6,075	3,130	2,950	990	540	450
Cantonese	2,655	1,325	1,330	250	140	105
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mandarin	3,100	1,630	1,465	605	310	300
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	40	30	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	235	130	110	135	90	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
Burmese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	40	75	15	10	0
Lao	55	25	30	0	0	0
Thai	55	10	40	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	110	60	50	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	110	55	55	15	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	10	40	10	0	10
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	0	35	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	341,900	182,635	159,265	2,860	1,315	1,540
English and French	315,620	169,365	146,255	650	235	410
English and non-official language	6,545	3,655	2,890	2,190	1,065	1,125
French and non-official language	7,525	3,460	4,065	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	12,205	6,160	6,055	20	15	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655	633,320	332,445	300,875
None	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690	613,955	323,280	290,670
English	1,031,380	555,940	475,440	3,515	1,450	2,070
French	317,490	169,785	147,705	3,800	1,675	2,125
Non-official language	49,850	25,900	23,950	11,880	5,960	5,925
Aboriginal	4,985	2,285	2,705	4,590	2,095	2,490
Non-Aboriginal	44,865	23,620	21,245	7,290	3,860	3,435
English and French	2,185	1,040	1,140	0	0	0
English and non-official language	14,910	7,255	7,655	10	0	10
French and non-official language	6,855	3,795	3,055	170	90	85
English, French and non-official language	65	50	20	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575	1,055,820	525,975	529,850
Non-movers	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195	905,630	451,665	453,965
Movers	914,800	450,420	464,380	150,195	74,310	75,880
Non-migrants	547,410	269,850	277,560	89,005	43,990	45,015
Migrants	367,385	180,565	186,820	61,185	30,320	30,865
Internal migrants	305,465	149,335	156,135	49,930	24,855	25,075
Intraprovincial migrants	284,280	137,945	146,330	35,965	17,690	18,275
Interprovincial migrants	21,190	11,385	9,805	13,970	7,165	6,805
External migrants	61,920	31,235	30,685	11,255	5,465	5,790
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805	998,200	496,505	501,695
Non-movers	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065	602,890	300,715	302,175
Movers	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740	395,310	195,790	199,520
Non-migrants	1,507,665	741,220	766,440	201,450	99,955	101,495
Migrants	1,187,425	584,125	603,295	193,860	95,835	98,025
Internal migrants	949,170	464,830	484,340	147,360	72,815	74,540
Intraprovincial migrants	893,800	436,525	457,270	98,780	47,825	50,950
Interprovincial migrants	55,370	28,300	27,070	48,585	24,995	23,590
External migrants	238,250	119,295	118,960	46,500	23,015	23,485

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Quebec [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]