Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Calgary [Economic region], Alberta

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Quebec [Province]			Calgary Alberta [Economic region]
	Data quality , Quebec [Province] Map : Quebec [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Calgary [Economic region], Alberta Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	8,164,361	...	...	1,498,778	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	7,903,001	...	...	1,311,022	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	3,858,943	...	...	586,269	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	3,531,663	...	...	558,912	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.0	...	...	118.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,356,625.27	...	...	12,655.32	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605	1,498,780	748,135	750,645
0 to 14 years	1,333,260	682,535	650,720	282,185	144,865	137,315
0 to 4 years	444,930	227,965	216,970	95,040	48,775	46,265
5 to 9 years	469,165	240,225	228,940	99,260	51,185	48,075
10 to 14 years	419,160	214,345	204,815	87,885	44,910	42,970
15 to 64 years	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280	1,046,735	524,780	521,950
15 to 19 years	429,825	219,070	210,755	86,255	44,360	41,895
20 to 24 years	500,100	252,600	247,500	92,120	46,840	45,280
25 to 29 years	495,410	248,030	247,380	114,365	56,710	57,650
30 to 34 years	515,505	256,440	259,070	127,480	63,375	64,105
35 to 39 years	550,540	274,595	275,945	119,905	59,425	60,480
40 to 44 years	506,525	254,100	252,425	112,645	56,350	56,295
45 to 49 years	519,425	260,410	259,015	106,295	53,715	52,580
50 to 54 years	619,435	309,070	310,370	105,920	52,935	52,985
55 to 59 years	636,475	314,190	322,285	100,975	50,550	50,425
60 to 64 years	562,670	276,140	286,535	80,780	40,515	40,265
65 years and over	1,495,195	669,590	825,605	169,860	78,485	91,380
65 to 69 years	488,175	236,395	251,775	61,145	30,045	31,095
70 to 74 years	373,590	176,905	196,690	39,505	19,050	20,460
75 to 79 years	256,905	116,020	140,890	27,720	12,690	15,025
80 to 84 years	187,835	78,390	109,450	20,655	9,115	11,545
85 years and over	188,685	61,885	126,805	20,835	7,580	13,255
85 to 89 years	120,635	43,795	76,840	13,330	5,315	8,010
90 to 94 years	53,165	15,155	38,015	5,765	1,850	3,920
95 to 99 years	13,035	2,685	10,350	1,550	390	1,155
100 years and over	1,850	255	1,600	190	25	165
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.7	18.8	19.4	18.3
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.3	64.4	69.8	70.1	69.5
65 years and over	18.3	16.7	19.9	11.3	10.5	12.2
85 years and over	2.3	1.5	3.1	1.4	1.0	1.8
Average age of the population	41.9	40.9	42.9	37.6	37.0	38.2
Median age of the population	42.5	41.4	43.6	36.9	36.4	37.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	3,531,660	...	...	558,915	...	...
Single-detached house	1,602,680	...	...	332,700	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	187,800	...	...	32,930	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,717,680	...	...	188,785	...	...
Semi-detached house	188,245	...	...	35,590	...	...
Row house	93,350	...	...	51,045	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265,195	...	...	22,530	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,154,955	...	...	79,225	...	...
Other single-attached house	15,940	...	...	390	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	23,505	...	...	4,495	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	3,531,665	...	...	558,910	...	...
1 person	1,175,230	...	...	129,770	...	...
2 persons	1,227,765	...	...	184,450	...	...
3 persons	489,460	...	...	93,645	...	...
4 persons	426,250	...	...	92,375	...	...
5 or more persons	212,960	...	...	58,675	...	...
Number of persons in private households	7,965,455	...	...	1,478,555	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885	1,216,595	603,265	613,325
Married or living common law	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395	734,335	368,070	366,260
Married	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260	624,865	313,190	311,680
Living common law	1,501,160	752,025	749,135	109,470	54,885	54,585
Not married and not living common law	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490	482,260	235,195	247,065
Never married	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280	337,555	185,145	152,405
Separated	103,625	46,390	57,240	26,700	11,680	15,020
Divorced	483,195	194,430	288,760	72,910	28,785	44,125
Widowed	389,555	84,345	305,210	45,105	9,580	35,520
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,257,560	...	...	413,085	...	...
2 persons	1,204,955	...	...	191,425	...	...
3 persons	466,310	...	...	90,865	...	...
4 persons	412,160	...	...	91,735	...	...
5 or more persons	174,140	...	...	39,055	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,257,560	...	...	413,080	...	...
Total couple families	1,878,095	...	...	357,160	...	...
Married couples	1,128,355	...	...	302,435	...	...
Common-law couples	749,740	...	...	54,725	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	379,460	...	...	55,920	...	...
Female parent	284,900	...	...	43,285	...	...
Male parent	94,565	...	...	12,635	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,878,095	...	...	357,160	...	...
Couples without children	970,260	...	...	157,250	...	...
Couples with children	907,840	...	...	199,910	...	...
1 child	356,640	...	...	74,735	...	...
2 children	384,875	...	...	87,540	...	...
3 or more children	166,315	...	...	37,635	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	379,465	...	...	55,920	...	...
1 child	234,695	...	...	34,170	...	...
2 children	109,670	...	...	16,130	...	...
3 or more children	35,100	...	...	5,615	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,579,070	775,765	803,305	247,585	126,830	120,755
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	3,531,660	...	...	558,915	...	...
One-census-family households	2,197,340	...	...	381,910	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	947,305	...	...	144,410	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,250,040	...	...	237,495	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	29,595	...	...	15,020	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,304,725	...	...	161,985	...	...
One-person households	1,175,230	...	...	129,765	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	129,500	...	...	32,215	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285	1,486,605	742,335	744,265
English only	372,445	187,595	184,860	1,349,125	680,435	668,695
French only	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095	1,290	570	725
English and French	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275	105,815	48,875	56,940
Neither English nor French	75,065	31,000	44,060	30,370	12,455	17,915
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	1,486,605	742,340	744,265
English	964,120	482,985	481,135	1,426,355	714,785	711,575
French	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560	22,625	11,525	11,110
English and French	278,710	144,060	134,655	7,905	3,905	4,000
Neither English nor French	72,775	29,845	42,930	29,705	12,130	17,575
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,103,480	555,015	548,465	26,580	13,475	13,105
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	13.7	14.0	13.4	1.8	1.8	1.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	1,486,600	742,335	744,270
Single responses	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975	1,445,390	722,285	723,100
Official languages	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845	1,053,870	533,245	520,620
English	601,155	301,860	299,300	1,031,835	522,030	509,805
French	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550	22,035	11,215	10,815
Non-official languages	1,060,830	517,700	543,125	391,520	189,040	202,480
Aboriginal languages	45,570	22,530	23,040	1,160	480	685
Algonquian languages	33,140	16,365	16,770	555	215	340
Blackfoot	5	0	0	245	95	150
Cree-Montagnais languages	31,430	15,575	15,855	235	100	140
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,715	4,155	4,555	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	590	285	305	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	135	55	80	5	0	5
Plains Cree	5	0	5	55	20	35
Southern East Cree	35	15	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	10	5	10
Woods Cree	10	5	5	10	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	15,790	7,920	7,875	155	75	85
Eastern Algonquian languages	485	225	260	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	485	220	260	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,215	565	645	65	15	50
Algonquin	1,185	555	630	0	5	0
Ojibway	20	10	15	60	15	45
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	5	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	105	35	70
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	105	35	70
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	5	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	20	10	15
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	0	0	70	25	45
Sekani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	0	5	0	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,970	5,955	6,015	25	10	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuktitut	11,895	5,925	5,970	5	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	75	25	45	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	375	165	210	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	365	160	210	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	5
Michif	5	5	0	15	5	10
Salish languages	5	0	0	0	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	435	195	235
Dakota	0	0	0	30	5	15
Stoney	0	0	0	405	185	220
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	65	30	35	25	10	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,015,260	495,175	520,090	390,360	188,565	201,795
Afro-Asiatic languages	197,535	104,185	93,355	29,825	15,660	14,170
Berber languages	20,845	11,125	9,720	140	80	65
Kabyle	12,470	6,625	5,840	65	35	35
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,375	4,500	3,875	75	45	25
Cushitic languages	1,125	545	580	2,475	1,230	1,245
Bilen	10	10	5	50	30	20
Oromo	15	10	5	955	490	460
Somali	1,075	515	560	1,465	705	755
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	10	5	5
Semitic languages	175,215	92,310	82,900	27,160	14,315	12,845
Amharic	745	340	405	4,075	1,970	2,105
Arabic	169,890	89,590	80,300	19,105	10,260	8,840
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	150	80	70	295	155	135
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	85	40	45
Harari	0	5	5	75	40	35
Hebrew	3,885	2,040	1,845	515	255	255
Maltese	25	10	15	35	15	15
Tigrigna	385	185	205	2,765	1,465	1,300
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	110	60	50	210	105	110
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	200	155	45	25	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	36,305	17,030	19,275	14,520	6,780	7,735
Khmer (Cambodian)	8,855	4,105	4,750	905	435	475
Vietnamese	27,425	12,920	14,505	13,605	6,345	7,260
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	10	0	5
Austronesian languages	21,635	7,800	13,835	50,005	21,680	28,330
Bikol	115	35	80	235	110	125
Cebuano	885	270	610	2,115	900	1,210
Fijian	0	0	0	45	30	20
Hiligaynon	410	125	275	720	295	430
Ilocano	2,060	745	1,315	2,645	1,150	1,490
Malagasy	1,250	590	660	25	5	15
Malay	705	265	440	810	345	465
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	205	90	110	280	135	140
Pangasinan	95	40	50	130	55	80
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15,545	5,480	10,065	42,355	18,370	23,985
Waray-Waray	50	10	40	155	70	80
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	320	140	180	495	210	290
Creole languages	56,990	25,220	31,770	640	325	315
Haitian Creole	2,220	1,055	1,170	25	15	10
Creole, n.o.s.	53,785	23,675	30,110	435	210	220
Creole languages, n.i.e.	980	490	490	185	100	90
Dravidian languages	14,865	7,435	7,430	5,305	2,760	2,540
Kannada	240	130	110	290	140	145
Malayalam	440	235	205	2,150	1,105	1,045
Tamil	13,600	6,715	6,880	1,880	990	885
Telugu	570	345	230	960	510	450
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	30	15	10
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	90	45	45
Indo-European languages	553,045	269,625	283,420	192,900	95,565	97,335
Albanian	2,795	1,420	1,370	1,370	725	645
Armenian	16,430	7,970	8,460	255	135	120
Balto-Slavic languages	68,155	30,960	37,195	32,225	15,080	17,140
Baltic languages	850	335	515	545	260	285
Latvian	290	120	175	195	95	100
Lithuanian	555	215	340	345	165	185
Slavic languages	67,310	30,630	36,675	31,680	14,820	16,855
Belarusan	80	45	35	25	10	15
Bosnian	1,620	805	815	870	435	435
Bulgarian	6,985	3,385	3,600	955	485	470
Croatian	2,330	1,165	1,170	2,145	1,060	1,080
Czech	1,465	690	775	1,580	740	840
Macedonian	205	105	95	160	80	85
Polish	13,935	6,065	7,865	8,375	3,945	4,430
Russian	28,565	12,715	15,850	9,745	4,390	5,355
Serbian	3,140	1,590	1,545	1,900	950	955
Serbo-Croatian	1,805	865	940	530	255	270
Slovak	1,040	455	585	1,220	600	615
Slovene (Slovenian)	755	350	405	285	125	165
Ukrainian	5,210	2,285	2,920	3,820	1,700	2,120
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	175	90	85	70	40	25
Celtic languages	155	95	60	145	75	70
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	10	55	25	30
Welsh	40	20	20	70	35	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	20	10	5
Germanic languages	27,540	13,280	14,260	21,420	10,380	11,045
Afrikaans	125	60	65	1,115	535	580
Danish	395	190	200	975	515	465
Dutch	2,825	1,395	1,430	4,740	2,350	2,390
Frisian	10	10	0	60	25	30
German	13,670	6,340	7,330	13,655	6,555	7,100
Icelandic	65	30	35	70	40	30
Norwegian	200	100	100	270	110	160
Swedish	555	255	300	320	145	180
Vlaams (Flemish)	540	240	300	125	60	60
Yiddish	8,985	4,560	4,420	80	40	40
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	10	5	5
Greek	38,635	19,435	19,205	1,620	815	805
Indo-Iranian languages	76,040	39,205	36,835	92,235	46,740	45,490
Indo-Aryan languages	45,845	23,875	21,970	79,125	39,910	39,215
Bengali	10,995	5,620	5,380	4,165	2,130	2,030
Gujarati	6,070	2,980	3,090	5,625	2,840	2,790
Hindi	3,030	1,635	1,390	7,440	3,795	3,645
Kashmiri	20	15	5	85	45	40
Konkani	110	60	55	170	90	85
Marathi	255	145	110	845	435	415
Nepali	1,505	740	765	1,960	1,035	925
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	100	55	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,380	6,720	5,660	39,010	19,625	19,385
Sindhi	330	160	165	1,750	820	925
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	645	310	330	985	485	500
Urdu	10,470	5,460	5,010	16,995	8,565	8,430
Iranian languages	29,760	15,105	14,655	12,150	6,325	5,820
Kurdish	985	550	430	755	400	355
Pashto	1,285	680	610	1,645	845	805
Persian (Farsi)	27,490	13,875	13,615	9,750	5,085	4,670
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	440	225	210	960	500	460
Italic (Romance) languages	323,290	157,260	166,030	43,630	21,615	22,020
Catalan	320	170	150	45	20	30
Italian	104,600	51,705	52,895	5,550	2,845	2,705
Portuguese	36,770	17,735	19,035	3,760	1,795	1,965
Romanian	35,840	17,170	18,665	4,850	2,485	2,365
Spanish	145,635	70,405	75,235	29,410	14,465	14,950
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	125	75	50	10	10	5
Japanese	2,525	775	1,750	2,460	855	1,605
Kartvelian languages	170	80	85	130	75	55
Georgian	170	80	90	135	75	55
Korean	5,160	2,270	2,890	9,345	4,345	5,000
Mongolic languages	190	75	115	450	210	240
Mongolian	195	80	115	450	210	240
Niger-Congo languages	28,355	14,360	13,995	5,960	3,055	2,905
Akan (Twi)	1,050	520	525	705	370	335
Bamanankan	1,200	655	545	15	10	5
Edo	75	45	30	105	65	40
Ewe	730	400	325	65	35	25
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,055	1,080	970	80	45	35
Ga	80	40	40	70	35	35
Ganda	35	15	20	40	15	25
Igbo	120	70	50	710	380	330
Lingala	2,465	1,185	1,285	85	40	50
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,345	1,600	1,745	155	75	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,500	1,115	1,380	125	65	65
Shona	85	45	40	320	155	165
Swahili	3,010	1,460	1,545	805	390	415
Wolof	3,230	1,745	1,485	115	65	50
Yoruba	255	155	100	1,445	760	685
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	8,135	4,235	3,895	1,130	555	570
Nilo-Saharan languages	345	180	165	1,520	750	765
Dinka	5	5	0	730	370	365
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	335	170	165	785	380	405
Sign languages	1,330	700	630	275	155	115
American Sign Language	65	35	30	105	55	45
Quebec Sign Language	670	330	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	595	340	255	165	100	70
Sino-Tibetan languages	76,840	35,775	41,065	69,430	32,670	36,765
Chinese languages	76,490	35,600	40,895	68,185	32,050	36,135
Cantonese	24,375	11,505	12,875	34,315	16,125	18,195
Hakka	470	215	260	345	160	185
Mandarin	43,700	20,175	23,525	28,840	13,595	15,250
Min Dong	20	10	15	45	20	25
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,225	1,480	1,745	1,720	765	955
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,075	465	605	380	175	205
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,535	1,710	1,825	2,530	1,215	1,320
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	45	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	345	175	170	1,245	615	630
Burmese	80	30	50	270	135	130
Karenic languages	70	40	30	285	135	150
Tibetan	110	65	50	550	280	265
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	150	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	4,895	2,185	2,710	1,150	405	740
Lao	4,115	1,995	2,120	485	220	270
Thai	765	180	585	655	185	470
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	10	0	5
Turkic languages	7,980	4,095	3,880	1,785	980	805
Azerbaijani	290	160	130	240	135	105
Turkish	7,155	3,685	3,470	1,270	720	555
Uyghur	205	100	105	60	30	30
Uzbek	145	70	75	75	35	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	185	80	105	140	60	80
Uralic languages	6,400	2,985	3,410	4,225	2,040	2,190
Estonian	195	75	120	95	50	50
Finnish	360	125	240	345	135	215
Hungarian	5,835	2,790	3,045	3,785	1,855	1,930
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	685	385	300	335	205	135
Multiple responses	184,905	92,600	92,310	41,220	20,050	21,165
English and French	72,395	36,695	35,695	3,800	1,805	1,995
English and non-official language	27,485	13,545	13,945	35,525	17,340	18,185
French and non-official language	67,075	33,110	33,970	1,075	560	520
English, French and non-official language	17,950	9,245	8,705	815	345	470
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285	1,486,600	742,340	744,265
Single responses	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425	1,398,035	699,095	698,940
Official languages	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685	1,173,950	589,590	584,360
English	782,185	391,125	391,060	1,164,955	585,005	579,945
French	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625	8,995	4,580	4,415
Non-official languages	585,890	283,150	302,735	224,085	109,505	114,580
Aboriginal languages	40,190	20,205	19,980	465	230	235
Algonquian languages	28,695	14,385	14,310	145	75	65
Blackfoot	0	0	0	65	35	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	28,110	14,105	14,005	75	45	30
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	7,375	3,590	3,790	0	5	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	590	295	290	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	60	30	30	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	10	5	0
Southern East Cree	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	14,590	7,355	7,235	60	30	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	220	115	110	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	220	110	105	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	370	170	200	5	0	5
Algonquin	360	165	195	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	5	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	15	5	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,375	5,770	5,615	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	11,350	5,750	5,600	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	35	30	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	290	145	150
Dakota	0	0	0	15	5	10
Stoney	0	0	0	275	140	140
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	10	25	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	545,695	262,940	282,755	223,620	109,275	114,345
Afro-Asiatic languages	91,660	46,550	45,110	18,360	9,370	8,995
Berber languages	7,495	3,895	3,605	65	35	30
Kabyle	5,105	2,660	2,450	30	15	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,390	1,235	1,150	35	20	15
Cushitic languages	535	240	295	1,650	805	845
Bilen	5	0	5	45	25	25
Oromo	5	0	0	715	355	360
Somali	520	230	290	890	425	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	0	5
Semitic languages	83,520	42,365	41,160	16,630	8,520	8,110
Amharic	340	150	185	2,730	1,310	1,415
Arabic	81,105	41,150	39,955	11,095	5,735	5,360
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	95	50	45	205	105	100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	80	40	40
Harari	5	0	5	50	25	25
Hebrew	1,705	880	825	260	130	125
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tigrigna	205	95	105	2,060	1,095	965
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	150	75	70
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	24,980	11,675	13,305	9,420	4,430	4,990
Khmer (Cambodian)	5,180	2,370	2,805	460	225	235
Vietnamese	19,790	9,295	10,495	8,965	4,205	4,760
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,715	3,960	5,750	26,625	12,475	14,150
Bikol	15	5	10	45	25	25
Cebuano	230	100	125	895	425	470
Fijian	0	0	0	20	10	5
Hiligaynon	130	55	75	215	100	120
Ilocano	740	305	435	1,060	500	560
Malagasy	360	185	170	10	5	10
Malay	175	85	95	235	125	110
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	65	35	35
Pangasinan	10	5	10	15	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,905	3,150	4,760	23,855	11,160	12,695
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	60	25	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	150	60	85
Creole languages	20,705	8,780	11,925	290	150	145
Haitian Creole	855	380	475	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	19,405	8,200	11,210	220	110	105
Creole languages, n.i.e.	440	200	240	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	11,400	5,595	5,805	3,215	1,630	1,580
Kannada	150	85	65	120	65	55
Malayalam	200	100	100	1,310	665	650
Tamil	10,720	5,215	5,500	1,205	605	600
Telugu	330	190	135	565	295	275
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	20	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	15	5	5	60	25	35
Indo-European languages	303,215	146,100	157,115	104,460	51,975	52,490
Albanian	1,615	795	820	625	340	285
Armenian	11,990	5,680	6,310	110	55	55
Balto-Slavic languages	40,405	19,085	21,325	14,095	6,895	7,200
Baltic languages	190	80	105	240	130	110
Latvian	75	40	40	85	50	40
Lithuanian	115	40	70	150	80	75
Slavic languages	40,220	19,000	21,220	13,860	6,765	7,090
Belarusan	25	15	15	5	0	0
Bosnian	965	475	495	395	200	195
Bulgarian	5,125	2,495	2,630	485	250	235
Croatian	1,015	475	545	750	370	380
Czech	460	220	240	450	220	230
Macedonian	130	65	65	85	40	40
Polish	5,970	2,695	3,270	3,350	1,630	1,720
Russian	20,680	9,775	10,900	5,870	2,845	3,030
Serbian	2,010	1,020	990	960	470	490
Serbo-Croatian	960	470	490	180	90	90
Slovak	245	120	130	470	230	240
Slovene (Slovenian)	225	95	135	40	20	25
Ukrainian	2,365	1,060	1,300	800	400	400
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	15	10	10
Celtic languages	30	20	10	15	10	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	5	0
Welsh	10	10	0	5	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	5	5	5	0
Germanic languages	9,890	4,980	4,905	3,465	1,650	1,815
Afrikaans	15	10	10	600	290	315
Danish	50	25	25	70	35	35
Dutch	375	170	205	620	300	320
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	2,550	1,190	1,365	2,035	965	1,070
Icelandic	30	15	20	20	10	10
Norwegian	20	5	10	25	10	15
Swedish	105	50	60	55	25	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	40	20	10	10
Yiddish	6,665	3,485	3,180	10	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	5	0
Greek	18,545	8,865	9,680	505	240	270
Indo-Iranian languages	53,555	26,845	26,710	62,025	31,110	30,915
Indo-Aryan languages	31,575	15,985	15,585	53,520	26,825	26,700
Bengali	8,180	4,055	4,125	2,760	1,380	1,380
Gujarati	3,840	1,860	1,985	3,145	1,580	1,575
Hindi	1,535	790	745	4,140	2,125	2,010
Kashmiri	5	0	0	45	20	25
Konkani	30	15	15	35	20	15
Marathi	80	40	40	445	225	210
Nepali	1,355	655	700	1,350	695	655
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	5	50	30	25
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,840	4,690	4,155	29,195	14,610	14,585
Sindhi	135	65	75	745	330	415
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	365	185	180	510	255	255
Urdu	7,180	3,620	3,565	11,100	5,550	5,550
Iranian languages	21,745	10,740	11,010	8,000	4,025	3,970
Kurdish	510	280	235	460	235	225
Pashto	925	460	465	1,060	540	520
Persian (Farsi)	20,310	10,005	10,305	6,480	3,255	3,225
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	235	120	120	500	260	245
Italic (Romance) languages	167,190	79,835	87,355	23,625	11,680	11,945
Catalan	110	50	60	20	10	15
Italian	32,935	14,595	18,340	1,290	570	720
Portuguese	17,260	8,250	9,005	1,785	865	920
Romanian	24,520	12,000	12,525	2,485	1,290	1,195
Spanish	92,330	44,920	47,415	18,045	8,940	9,100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Japanese	1,050	425	620	1,120	495	625
Kartvelian languages	70	35	35	85	50	35
Georgian	70	40	35	80	50	35
Korean	3,540	1,630	1,910	6,650	3,170	3,475
Mongolic languages	145	70	75	280	135	150
Mongolian	145	70	75	280	135	145
Niger-Congo languages	7,250	3,450	3,800	1,835	885	955
Akan (Twi)	445	215	235	330	170	165
Bamanankan	265	135	125	5	0	0
Edo	10	5	5	25	10	15
Ewe	140	60	80	15	10	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	530	255	280	45	20	20
Ga	15	5	10	20	10	10
Ganda	5	5	5	5	0	0
Igbo	15	10	10	135	65	70
Lingala	625	270	355	25	10	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,110	510	600	65	35	30
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	530	225	305	25	10	15
Shona	20	10	10	95	40	50
Swahili	1,100	535	565	355	155	195
Wolof	1,035	555	480	60	35	30
Yoruba	55	25	25	355	170	185
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,350	635	710	280	135	145
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	70	65	915	445	475
Dinka	0	0	0	445	215	230
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	65	65	465	220	240
Sign languages	1,770	1,000	775	355	205	150
American Sign Language	90	35	50	90	50	45
Quebec Sign Language	700	360	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	985	600	385	265	160	105
Sino-Tibetan languages	60,370	28,925	31,450	46,995	22,370	24,625
Chinese languages	60,155	28,805	31,345	46,115	21,930	24,185
Cantonese	17,845	8,470	9,375	22,285	10,400	11,880
Hakka	155	75	80	100	35	60
Mandarin	37,075	17,870	19,200	21,220	10,290	10,930
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,830	830	1,000	675	295	385
Wu (Shanghainese)	780	355	420	210	105	105
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,435	1,190	1,240	1,620	805	815
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	215	115	100	880	440	440
Burmese	35	15	20	175	85	85
Karenic languages	65	40	30	230	110	125
Tibetan	70	45	30	395	205	190
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	75	35	35
Tai-Kadai languages	2,375	1,145	1,230	430	185	245
Lao	2,150	1,055	1,100	195	85	110
Thai	225	90	135	230	95	130
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	0	5
Turkic languages	5,120	2,540	2,575	1,000	525	480
Azerbaijani	100	50	55	105	55	50
Turkish	4,715	2,340	2,370	760	405	360
Uyghur	140	75	70	45	20	20
Uzbek	105	50	55	50	25	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	50	20	25
Uralic languages	2,025	895	1,130	1,410	695	715
Estonian	30	10	20	15	5	10
Finnish	50	20	30	55	30	25
Hungarian	1,945	860	1,085	1,335	655	680
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	90	60	115	70	40
Multiple responses	322,820	157,960	164,860	88,565	43,240	45,325
English and French	86,715	43,820	42,890	2,550	1,265	1,290
English and non-official language	54,400	26,255	28,140	84,305	41,165	43,140
French and non-official language	139,385	66,610	72,775	390	190	200
English, French and non-official language	42,320	21,270	21,045	1,315	630	685
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285	1,486,600	742,340	744,265
None	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900	1,254,320	629,830	624,490
English	513,410	263,670	249,735	99,305	49,455	49,850
French	320,370	158,340	162,030	14,810	6,745	8,075
Non-official language	317,790	154,450	163,340	114,000	54,240	59,760
Aboriginal	5,700	2,645	3,060	785	320	465
Non-Aboriginal	312,085	151,810	160,280	113,215	53,920	59,295
English and French	36,235	18,285	17,955	685	345	345
English and non-official language	28,630	14,075	14,555	2,195	1,120	1,075
French and non-official language	23,470	11,365	12,095	1,260	585	670
English, French and non-official language	1,420	740	680	35	15	15
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	1,197,300	594,890	602,410
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	1,137,675	565,525	572,150
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,975	37,842	28,522	43,833	54,150	35,311
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400	1,137,925	565,595	572,330
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,535	33,110	26,119	38,895	46,581	32,153
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220	1,066,620	542,555	524,060
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,067	35,597	25,012	43,517	53,805	34,470
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445	649,715	254,855	394,860
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,307	5,851	8,246	3,214	2,422	3,516
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370	926,435	482,160	444,270
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,263	35,627	27,219	43,699	53,420	35,361
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	1,197,280	594,870	602,410
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595	1,138,280	565,590	572,685
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,546	49,087	36,203	69,070	88,222	50,155
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890	1,138,495	565,655	572,845
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,887	39,292	30,616	54,836	68,208	41,632
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485	1,066,970	542,640	524,330
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,505	47,810	33,079	69,686	88,844	49,858
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050	649,845	254,775	395,065
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,590	7,846	9,229	6,568	6,623	6,532
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120	926,435	481,850	444,585
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,382	45,974	34,313	65,167	81,387	47,588
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	1,197,280	594,875	602,410
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025	435,780	250,075	185,710
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,111	51,622	42,433	66,311	74,578	57,288
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,564	62,750	49,085	90,769	106,176	70,022
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.4	88.3	79.1	94.6	96.7	91.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.4	71.4	64.6	76.5	78.5	73.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.6	11.7	20.9	5.4	3.3	8.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140	1,197,300	594,890	602,410
Without total income	216,685	99,555	117,125	59,625	29,370	30,260
With total income	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	1,137,675	565,520	572,150
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.9	96.5	95.0	95.1	95.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	789,595	351,935	437,660	148,305	57,305	91,005
$10,000 to $19,999	1,188,135	476,630	711,500	139,880	55,400	84,480
$20,000 to $29,999	976,210	428,390	547,830	128,365	51,420	76,950
$30,000 to $39,999	852,735	414,105	438,625	110,295	48,820	61,475
$40,000 to $49,999	747,995	378,215	369,780	105,430	49,990	55,440
$50,000 to $59,999	540,265	292,110	248,150	91,230	45,670	45,560
$60,000 to $69,999	375,935	214,805	161,130	75,250	40,345	34,910
$70,000 to $79,999	286,025	164,240	121,790	60,900	34,630	26,270
$80,000 to $89,999	189,350	113,715	75,635	49,095	28,795	20,300
$90,000 to $99,999	122,750	80,090	42,660	41,840	24,300	17,540
$100,000 and over	348,620	246,360	102,255	187,080	128,860	58,225
$100,000 to $149,999	236,515	164,145	72,370	103,255	66,045	37,215
$150,000 and over	112,105	82,215	29,885	83,820	62,810	21,010
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140	1,197,300	594,890	602,410
Without after-tax income	215,120	99,375	115,750	59,375	29,300	30,075
With after-tax income	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395	1,137,925	565,590	572,330
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	97.0	96.6	95.0	95.1	95.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	822,725	359,045	463,675	152,150	58,485	93,660
$10,000 to $19,999	1,246,480	505,165	741,315	146,090	58,120	87,970
$20,000 to $29,999	1,192,885	541,080	651,810	148,380	60,300	88,075
$30,000 to $39,999	1,096,510	553,200	543,315	137,645	63,470	74,175
$40,000 to $49,999	793,150	425,040	368,115	128,030	63,410	64,620
$50,000 to $59,999	498,475	283,130	215,345	100,975	54,090	46,885
$60,000 to $69,999	309,415	180,470	128,945	76,715	44,090	32,630
$70,000 to $79,999	167,895	108,500	59,395	58,925	34,695	24,230
$80,000 and over	291,635	205,155	86,485	189,010	128,920	60,085
$80,000 to $89,999	95,010	64,670	30,335	44,510	26,555	17,955
$90,000 to $99,999	55,980	39,080	16,905	30,730	19,625	11,100
$100,000 and over	140,645	101,405	39,240	113,775	82,740	31,030
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	1,197,300	594,890	602,410
Without employment income	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775	270,870	112,730	158,140
With employment income	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375	926,435	482,160	444,275
Percentage with employment income	69.8	73.9	65.8	77.4	81.1	73.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	606,300	311,780	294,520	100,380	45,475	54,900
$5,000 to $9,999	367,030	162,150	204,885	60,045	25,410	34,635
$10,000 to $19,999	681,920	305,995	375,920	101,300	43,340	57,965
$20,000 to $29,999	586,140	269,950	316,195	86,950	36,885	50,060
$30,000 to $39,999	565,425	277,135	288,285	83,325	38,265	45,060
$40,000 to $49,999	476,665	247,105	229,560	81,225	39,015	42,210
$50,000 to $59,999	359,180	203,580	155,600	72,055	36,195	35,860
$60,000 to $69,999	266,650	156,255	110,395	60,055	33,000	27,050
$70,000 to $79,999	224,040	129,890	94,150	49,780	28,610	21,170
$80,000 and over	494,440	344,585	149,855	231,325	155,965	75,360
$80,000 to $89,999	139,830	90,295	49,540	41,150	24,660	16,495
$90,000 to $99,999	93,860	64,160	29,700	36,385	21,250	15,135
$100,000 and over	260,745	190,125	70,620	153,785	110,055	43,730
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	3,531,665	...	...	558,915	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,822	...	...	99,388	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,207	...	...	84,636	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,175,230	...	...	129,765	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,574	...	...	52,163	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,469	...	...	44,516	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	2,356,430	...	...	429,140	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,645	...	...	116,969	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,665	...	...	99,210	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	3,531,665	...	...	558,915	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	77,306	...	...	140,668	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,404	...	...	111,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,174,695	...	...	129,850	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,042	...	...	70,974	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,262	...	...	56,694	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	2,356,970	...	...	429,065	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,878	...	...	161,759	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,426	...	...	128,346	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	3,531,665	...	...	558,910	...	...
Under $5,000	47,170	...	...	8,045	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	56,315	...	...	4,955	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	119,570	...	...	6,030	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180,865	...	...	10,565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	179,690	...	...	15,845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	154,150	...	...	12,360	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	185,000	...	...	13,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	184,435	...	...	15,125	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	179,855	...	...	15,485	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	170,445	...	...	15,865	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	313,600	...	...	33,245	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	273,620	...	...	33,795	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	241,940	...	...	32,980	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,620	...	...	32,320	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	176,355	...	...	30,785	...	...
$100,000 and over	860,030	...	...	277,685	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	327,435	...	...	67,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	204,105	...	...	52,150	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	192,155	...	...	67,820	...	...
$200,000 and over	136,335	...	...	90,215	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,531,660	...	...	558,910	...	...
Under $5,000	50,445	...	...	8,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	57,335	...	...	5,065	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120,860	...	...	6,245	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190,300	...	...	11,055	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	202,905	...	...	16,975	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	187,365	...	...	14,315	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	231,765	...	...	16,515	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	225,695	...	...	18,340	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	211,990	...	...	19,510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	202,760	...	...	20,555	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	363,775	...	...	41,720	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	309,825	...	...	41,465	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	256,150	...	...	40,535	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,765	...	...	38,415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	166,295	...	...	34,825	...	...
$100,000 and over	545,440	...	...	224,590	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	269,170	...	...	70,360	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	130,225	...	...	49,515	...	...
$150,000 and over	146,045	...	...	104,715	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,261,890	...	...	406,005	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,378	...	...	115,576	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,152	...	...	97,962	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	930,195	...	...	142,120	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,075	...	...	107,095	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,224	...	...	90,432	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	911,980	...	...	199,930	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,246	...	...	137,592	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,844	...	...	115,495	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	364,085	...	...	50,880	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,708	...	...	67,350	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,805	...	...	60,460	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,262,045	...	...	405,990	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,863	...	...	162,268	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,060	...	...	128,337	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	929,645	...	...	142,060	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,304	...	...	154,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,167	...	...	121,914	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	912,560	...	...	200,025	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,835	...	...	188,315	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,279	...	...	147,839	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	363,610	...	...	50,530	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,753	...	...	89,027	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,052	...	...	74,780	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,433,210	711,180	722,030	210,880	110,395	100,485
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,195	31,526	27,210	44,498	47,880	40,904
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,706	28,214	25,434	39,062	41,362	36,496
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,430,625	708,225	722,405	210,450	110,245	100,205
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,684	39,840	35,571	60,543	65,833	54,722
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,513	32,729	30,321	49,069	52,522	45,269
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970	1,478,555	739,145	739,405
In the bottom half of the distribution	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115	533,470	259,310	274,165
In the bottom decile	747,785	368,385	379,395	103,290	51,315	51,970
In the second decile	898,605	408,705	489,900	93,030	43,040	49,990
In the third decile	997,185	481,975	515,210	102,565	49,105	53,455
In the fourth decile	996,230	490,275	505,960	111,520	54,725	56,800
In the fifth decile	938,080	467,425	470,655	123,065	61,115	61,950
In the top half of the distribution	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855	945,080	479,840	465,245
In the sixth decile	881,640	444,865	436,775	132,530	66,350	66,180
In the seventh decile	806,685	409,470	397,220	144,110	72,510	71,600
In the eighth decile	700,450	357,000	343,455	160,570	81,360	79,210
In the ninth decile	557,160	286,195	270,960	193,890	98,225	95,660
In the top decile	441,630	227,185	214,445	313,985	161,395	152,590
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945	1,476,315	738,005	738,310
0 to 17 years	1,564,410	800,455	763,960	331,735	170,215	161,525
0 to 5 years	532,410	272,790	259,625	114,000	58,480	55,520
18 to 64 years	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980	987,590	493,555	494,035
65 years and over	1,335,220	620,210	715,010	156,985	74,235	82,750
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,160,190	542,405	617,785	130,220	62,210	68,010
0 to 17 years	222,955	114,410	108,540	39,920	20,505	19,420
0 to 5 years	75,270	38,595	36,670	14,095	7,220	6,880
18 to 64 years	688,130	334,825	353,305	77,730	36,895	40,835
65 years and over	249,110	93,170	155,930	12,570	4,815	7,755
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	13.8	15.4	8.8	8.4	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.2	12.0	12.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	14.1	14.1	12.4	12.3	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.4	14.0	7.9	7.5	8.3
65 years and over (%)	18.7	15.0	21.8	8.0	6.5	9.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	731,340	358,085	373,260	115,175	57,030	58,145
0 to 17 years	129,325	66,400	62,925	31,225	16,060	15,165
0 to 5 years	44,375	22,705	21,675	11,015	5,645	5,370
18 to 64 years	514,540	261,485	253,060	77,135	38,180	38,955
65 years and over	87,475	30,205	57,270	6,815	2,790	4,020
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	7.8	7.7	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.2	9.4	9.4	9.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.3	9.7	9.7	9.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	10.5	10.0	7.8	7.7	7.9
65 years and over (%)	6.6	4.9	8.0	4.3	3.8	4.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,478,555	739,145	739,405
Official languages	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890	1,448,265	726,455	721,810
English	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225	1,446,935	725,845	721,090
French	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200	106,780	49,325	57,455
Non-official languages	1,610,980	776,265	834,720	495,055	240,210	254,845
Aboriginal languages	50,890	25,190	25,700	1,690	705	985
Algonquian languages	37,515	18,545	18,965	955	385	570
Blackfoot	0	0	0	365	125	240
Cree-Montagnais languages	34,415	17,050	17,370	490	220	275
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	9,850	4,735	5,115	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	775	385	385	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	260	130	130	15	0	10
Plains Cree	10	0	0	130	70	60
Southern East Cree	35	25	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	0	10	10	0	10
Woods Cree	10	10	0	65	10	55
Cree, n.o.s.	17,175	8,600	8,575	270	125	140
Eastern Algonquian languages	885	460	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	880	460	425	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,340	1,105	1,235	115	45	70
Algonquin	2,240	1,055	1,185	0	0	0
Ojibway	105	50	50	100	45	60
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	10	10	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	190	80	110
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	15	10	190	80	110
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dene	10	0	10	20	10	15
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	10	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	140	60	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	12,595	6,270	6,330	40	15	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Inuktitut	12,485	6,210	6,270	10	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	115	60	60	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	740	360	375	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	690	350	335	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	15	10	20	10	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	465	205	265
Dakota	10	0	0	65	30	35
Stoney	0	0	0	430	185	245
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	15	10	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	40	55	20	10	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,560,375	751,215	809,160	493,385	239,515	253,875
Afro-Asiatic languages	301,035	157,545	143,490	42,095	22,125	19,970
Berber languages	27,595	14,650	12,945	200	140	60
Kabyle	16,170	8,580	7,590	110	60	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	11,580	6,150	5,425	95	80	15
Cushitic languages	1,550	745	805	3,590	1,830	1,760
Bilen	35	20	10	65	40	20
Oromo	45	30	10	1,370	710	655
Somali	1,460	680	780	2,185	1,090	1,090
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	30	10	20
Semitic languages	286,625	149,970	136,660	38,915	20,515	18,400
Amharic	1,145	540	600	5,790	2,940	2,850
Arabic	267,965	140,280	127,685	28,815	15,345	13,470
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	195	95	95	335	170	165
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	120	55	60
Harari	0	0	0	95	50	45
Hebrew	18,035	9,490	8,540	1,625	780	845
Maltese	40	10	25	40	30	15
Tigrigna	420	195	225	3,605	1,950	1,655
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	250	140	110
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	810	430	380	165	105	70
Austro-Asiatic languages	46,050	21,955	24,095	18,580	8,840	9,745
Khmer (Cambodian)	11,840	5,620	6,220	1,215	655	555
Vietnamese	34,580	16,520	18,060	17,430	8,210	9,220
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	31,230	11,820	19,410	63,045	27,255	35,795
Bikol	105	45	60	175	65	100
Cebuano	1,105	360	750	2,995	1,325	1,680
Fijian	15	0	10	140	75	60
Hiligaynon	540	195	350	1,010	425	585
Ilocano	2,500	890	1,610	3,750	1,645	2,110
Malagasy	1,980	940	1,040	50	20	30
Malay	1,210	525	690	1,525	725	800
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	95	100	445	215	230
Pangasinan	60	20	40	225	95	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	26,705	9,785	16,915	59,655	25,615	34,040
Waray-Waray	55	10	45	230	100	130
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	540	270	275	590	255	335
Creole languages	115,445	51,970	63,475	1,820	900	920
Haitian Creole	4,910	2,285	2,620	85	50	35
Creole, n.o.s.	108,315	48,615	59,705	1,120	560	565
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,835	1,390	1,445	615	300	325
Dravidian languages	18,710	9,495	9,210	7,295	3,835	3,460
Kannada	415	210	205	565	285	280
Malayalam	510	285	220	2,615	1,385	1,230
Tamil	17,245	8,680	8,565	3,240	1,705	1,535
Telugu	930	540	390	1,300	685	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	75	35	40
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	25	85	40	45
Indo-European languages	912,945	435,785	477,155	254,480	126,365	128,115
Albanian	3,375	1,730	1,645	1,755	925	835
Armenian	20,290	9,790	10,500	295	165	135
Balto-Slavic languages	88,425	41,725	46,700	37,555	18,245	19,305
Baltic languages	1,080	500	585	650	310	345
Latvian	335	150	185	275	140	135
Lithuanian	755	350	410	380	170	210
Slavic languages	87,520	41,315	46,205	37,140	18,050	19,085
Belarusan	365	150	215	80	30	45
Bosnian	1,975	990	985	1,360	730	635
Bulgarian	7,345	3,595	3,750	1,125	595	530
Croatian	3,580	1,760	1,820	2,805	1,400	1,405
Czech	2,070	975	1,095	1,875	875	1,000
Macedonian	285	140	145	280	145	130
Polish	17,760	8,090	9,665	9,765	4,685	5,080
Russian	46,665	22,265	24,400	14,000	6,735	7,265
Serbian	4,050	1,980	2,070	2,425	1,200	1,220
Serbo-Croatian	2,385	1,140	1,245	580	320	260
Slovak	1,520	705	820	1,645	910	735
Slovene (Slovenian)	970	490	480	345	170	175
Ukrainian	9,015	3,885	5,135	5,000	2,255	2,745
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	150	75	75	75	35	40
Celtic languages	495	305	195	505	240	260
Scottish Gaelic	155	95	65	185	90	90
Welsh	85	45	40	130	70	60
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	265	175	95	190	75	115
Germanic languages	63,370	31,835	31,530	30,475	15,140	15,335
Afrikaans	415	260	150	2,105	1,120	990
Danish	835	410	420	1,160	560	600
Dutch	5,060	2,665	2,395	5,725	2,835	2,890
Frisian	15	10	0	100	45	60
German	43,475	21,950	21,530	20,940	10,510	10,425
Icelandic	140	80	60	90	40	45
Norwegian	510	255	255	545	210	330
Swedish	1,580	785	795	685	335	350
Vlaams (Flemish)	760	265	495	150	80	70
Yiddish	12,375	6,225	6,155	175	95	80
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	80	30	50
Greek	51,060	25,520	25,540	2,550	1,290	1,255
Indo-Iranian languages	93,655	48,040	45,615	115,050	58,455	56,605
Indo-Aryan languages	59,570	30,870	28,700	102,315	51,690	50,625
Bengali	12,870	6,610	6,260	5,100	2,565	2,530
Gujarati	7,950	3,860	4,090	8,655	4,200	4,455
Hindi	15,570	8,285	7,280	30,055	15,410	14,645
Kashmiri	45	35	15	60	45	20
Konkani	150	70	75	395	200	190
Marathi	475	240	230	1,545	805	740
Nepali	1,445	725	720	2,255	1,260	995
Oriya (Odia)	55	35	20	150	75	75
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,860	9,690	8,165	51,335	26,055	25,280
Sindhi	500	240	255	2,790	1,225	1,560
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,335	625	710	1,410	700	710
Urdu	16,545	8,655	7,890	26,115	13,345	12,770
Iranian languages	35,420	17,830	17,585	13,630	7,165	6,465
Kurdish	1,255	665	590	1,010	545	465
Pashto	1,825	1,005	825	2,200	1,190	1,010
Persian (Farsi)	32,965	16,560	16,405	10,795	5,680	5,110
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	845	425	420	1,180	630	550
Italic (Romance) languages	627,545	293,620	333,920	72,570	35,155	37,410
Catalan	890	525	365	85	45	40
Italian	173,710	84,430	89,275	9,825	4,845	4,980
Portuguese	55,100	27,620	27,475	5,470	2,700	2,770
Romanian	42,655	20,550	22,110	6,045	3,140	2,900
Spanish	390,355	177,610	212,745	53,750	25,785	27,960
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	490	345	145	80	50	30
Japanese	7,040	3,340	3,695	4,490	2,030	2,460
Kartvelian languages	220	110	110	140	90	50
Georgian	215	105	110	140	90	50
Korean	6,260	2,825	3,430	10,405	4,875	5,530
Mongolic languages	270	135	130	655	310	350
Mongolian	265	135	130	660	305	345
Niger-Congo languages	52,840	26,665	26,175	12,200	6,160	6,045
Akan (Twi)	1,800	945	855	1,155	610	540
Bamanankan	2,385	1,240	1,145	20	10	10
Edo	190	95	95	240	145	90
Ewe	1,410	865	545	75	40	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	3,400	1,785	1,620	135	80	60
Ga	315	155	160	110	60	55
Ganda	90	40	55	80	35	40
Igbo	275	190	90	1,495	790	710
Lingala	9,630	4,430	5,200	430	230	195
Rundi (Kirundi)	4,490	2,210	2,285	170	95	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	3,535	1,640	1,895	105	45	60
Shona	150	75	80	515	230	280
Swahili	8,015	4,080	3,935	2,430	1,205	1,230
Wolof	6,555	3,545	3,015	330	195	135
Yoruba	885	485	395	3,525	1,780	1,745
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	17,720	9,125	8,595	2,265	1,090	1,180
Nilo-Saharan languages	695	345	350	1,695	775	915
Dinka	0	0	0	785	385	400
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	695	345	350	915	400	520
Sign languages	7,775	3,095	4,675	1,825	780	1,045
American Sign Language	675	245	435	970	385	590
Quebec Sign Language	4,405	1,590	2,815	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,960	1,350	1,605	870	405	465
Sino-Tibetan languages	90,460	42,695	47,770	80,570	38,400	42,170
Chinese languages	90,060	42,480	47,580	79,075	37,670	41,410
Cantonese	31,885	14,900	16,980	43,205	20,400	22,805
Hakka	545	240	310	425	185	245
Mandarin	59,240	27,560	31,685	39,585	18,650	20,935
Min Dong	15	10	10	65	35	25
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,215	1,860	2,350	2,430	1,015	1,405
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,230	535	690	575	250	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	4,800	2,380	2,425	3,160	1,560	1,600
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	10	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	430	235	195	1,525	735	790
Burmese	140	75	60	340	165	180
Karenic languages	105	55	45	290	140	150
Tibetan	65	50	10	800	405	400
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	80	155	60	95
Tai-Kadai languages	7,280	3,400	3,880	1,580	655	930
Lao	5,785	2,850	2,935	655	310	350
Thai	2,255	875	1,375	1,020	390	630
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	15	0	10
Turkic languages	12,475	6,265	6,210	2,595	1,385	1,205
Azerbaijani	510	275	235	350	165	180
Turkish	11,415	5,755	5,665	1,720	985	730
Uyghur	230	110	120	135	60	70
Uzbek	230	105	125	245	115	135
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	235	115	120	205	90	110
Uralic languages	7,870	3,710	4,160	4,990	2,390	2,605
Estonian	150	55	95	110	50	60
Finnish	500	195	305	375	170	200
Hungarian	7,215	3,450	3,765	4,505	2,160	2,345
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,140	1,170	970	805	455	345
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,478,555	739,145	739,410
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350	1,318,760	661,985	656,770
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,521,230	779,620	741,610	305,585	156,780	148,805
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740	1,013,175	505,205	507,970
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	379,910	188,245	191,665	159,800	77,165	82,635
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,478,555	739,150	739,405
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735	1,034,370	523,185	511,185
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,091,310	530,325	560,980	415,930	201,815	214,115
Before 1981	238,655	117,080	121,575	73,375	36,520	36,860
1981 to 1990	127,340	63,150	64,190	42,050	19,995	22,055
1991 to 2000	187,860	89,210	98,650	69,850	33,460	36,390
2001 to 2010	322,280	155,785	166,495	135,005	65,555	69,455
2001 to 2005	140,170	67,835	72,335	60,410	29,495	30,910
2006 to 2010	182,115	87,945	94,165	74,600	36,060	38,540
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	215,170	105,105	110,065	95,655	46,295	49,360
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	86,065	45,765	40,295	28,250	14,145	14,105
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,091,305	530,325	560,980	415,935	201,820	214,120
Under 5 years	112,930	54,600	58,330	38,720	19,770	18,950
5 to 14 years	174,020	87,165	86,855	71,380	37,000	34,375
15 to 24 years	215,350	98,880	116,475	81,520	37,490	44,035
25 to 44 years	515,770	256,095	259,675	185,945	89,400	96,540
45 years and over	73,230	33,590	39,640	38,370	18,160	20,210
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,091,305	530,330	560,980	415,935	201,820	214,115
Americas	247,505	113,190	134,315	46,020	21,775	24,240
Brazil	7,345	3,515	3,830	1,475	675	795
Colombia	25,580	11,645	13,935	5,860	2,765	3,095
El Salvador	11,120	5,500	5,615	2,480	1,250	1,230
Guyana	2,490	1,085	1,410	885	455	440
Haiti	80,965	35,375	45,585	535	275	260
Jamaica	4,665	2,040	2,625	3,120	1,410	1,710
Mexico	15,820	7,090	8,730	4,665	2,280	2,380
Peru	13,265	5,945	7,325	1,120	470	650
Trinidad and Tobago	4,075	1,840	2,240	1,495	730	765
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	25,955	12,800	13,155	13,230	5,970	7,265
Other places of birth in Americas	56,235	26,370	29,870	11,150	5,495	5,660
Europe	311,090	154,910	156,185	87,110	43,685	43,425
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,785	1,890	1,895	2,115	1,090	1,025
Croatia	2,140	1,085	1,050	1,335	690	640
France	81,225	43,490	37,735	1,325	655	670
Germany	9,750	4,365	5,390	7,195	3,400	3,795
Greece	18,420	9,135	9,285	960	505	455
Hungary	3,325	1,620	1,700	2,030	1,020	1,005
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	820	485	330	1,810	955	855
Italy	51,025	25,370	25,655	3,945	2,120	1,820
Netherlands	1,990	1,035	955	3,960	2,100	1,860
Poland	10,735	4,675	6,060	7,010	3,315	3,695
Portugal	18,985	9,185	9,800	1,205	555	650
Romania	28,695	13,695	15,005	4,630	2,320	2,305
Russian Federation	11,355	4,975	6,375	4,070	1,740	2,325
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,790	830	960	1,145	585	565
Ukraine	8,670	3,800	4,870	3,050	1,410	1,635
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	12,905	6,645	6,260	29,385	15,105	14,285
Other places of birth in Europe	45,500	22,630	22,870	11,945	6,110	5,835
Africa	241,410	125,250	116,165	41,460	21,215	20,240
Algeria	59,465	31,180	28,280	775	420	355
Egypt	19,490	10,290	9,200	2,955	1,575	1,375
Ethiopia	995	495	495	5,240	2,595	2,645
Kenya	785	355	430	2,770	1,345	1,420
Morocco	60,700	31,435	29,270	710	375	340
Nigeria	1,340	740	600	7,750	4,025	3,725
Somalia	580	270	310	1,355	645	705
South Africa, Republic of	865	475	385	3,250	1,680	1,565
Other places of birth in Africa	97,200	50,005	47,190	16,655	8,545	8,105
Asia	289,825	136,175	153,655	237,215	113,050	124,165
Afghanistan	7,280	3,640	3,640	3,290	1,765	1,525
Bangladesh	7,940	3,990	3,950	3,185	1,635	1,545
China^{Census data footnote 59}	49,555	19,905	29,655	35,130	16,205	18,935
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,730	2,290	2,435	11,155	5,410	5,740
India	17,865	9,195	8,670	47,240	23,715	23,525
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	17,760	8,880	8,885	5,815	3,005	2,805
Iraq	3,735	1,960	1,775	3,655	1,955	1,700
Japan	1,725	395	1,330	1,565	445	1,120
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,230	1,995	2,230	7,385	3,475	3,905
Lebanon	39,135	20,800	18,340	4,415	2,345	2,070
Pakistan	10,010	5,260	4,750	17,785	9,250	8,540
Philippines	24,410	9,040	15,370	55,050	23,975	31,075
Sri Lanka	10,715	5,335	5,380	2,020	1,035	985
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	17,775	8,800	8,980	2,215	1,160	1,065
Taiwan	2,735	1,100	1,635	2,240	950	1,290
Viet Nam	25,440	11,765	13,675	15,755	7,330	8,425
Other places of birth in Asia	44,795	21,840	22,950	19,320	9,390	9,925
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,480	805	670	4,130	2,090	2,040
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	215,170	105,105	110,065	95,655	46,290	49,360
Americas	47,710	22,625	25,085	9,530	4,725	4,805
Brazil	3,010	1,495	1,520	535	245	290
Colombia	7,540	3,465	4,075	1,285	605	675
Cuba	2,565	1,260	1,315	125	60	70
Haiti	16,880	7,690	9,190	145	95	55
Jamaica	190	140	55	475	245	235
Mexico	4,210	1,955	2,255	2,015	1,060	960
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,990	2,265	1,720	2,125	1,005	1,125
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,955	935	1,020	1,140	555	585
Other places of birth in Americas	7,365	3,425	3,935	1,675	855	820
Europe	39,320	20,085	19,235	10,165	5,240	4,925
France	20,030	10,855	9,175	275	160	115
Germany	580	250	330	490	235	255
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	105	35	620	385	230
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	3,750	1,695	2,055	445	250	195
Romania	2,945	1,260	1,685	625	320	305
Russian Federation	1,970	865	1,105	655	220	430
Ukraine	2,460	1,110	1,350	845	350	495
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	860	565	290	3,280	1,865	1,420
Other places of birth in Europe	6,590	3,385	3,205	2,920	1,450	1,470
Africa	74,200	37,110	37,090	12,165	6,185	5,980
Algeria	16,380	8,060	8,320	160	80	80
Cameroon	7,550	3,705	3,845	570	285	280
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	3,370	1,655	1,715	220	95	120
Côte d'Ivoire	5,070	2,505	2,565	135	80	50
Egypt	4,360	2,260	2,095	1,130	590	540
Eritrea	50	30	20	1,055	605	455
Ethiopia	125	65	60	1,590	740	850
Morocco	13,475	6,675	6,805	190	70	120
Nigeria	540	280	260	3,940	2,065	1,875
Somalia	95	40	50	240	90	150
South Africa, Republic of	175	115	60	590	325	260
Tunisia	5,855	3,025	2,825	70	40	35
Other places of birth in Africa	17,155	8,690	8,470	2,280	1,125	1,155
Asia	53,595	25,070	28,525	62,970	29,600	33,375
Afghanistan	1,555	715	840	490	270	220
Bangladesh	860	455	405	750	350	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,705	4,805	5,895	6,340	2,850	3,490
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	35	80	415	190	230
India	2,960	1,555	1,405	13,110	6,655	6,450
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	7,505	3,545	3,960	2,250	1,130	1,120
Iraq	985	465	515	1,225	655	575
Israel	645	390	255	225	115	110
Japan	330	30	295	335	85	255
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	825	370	455	1,940	790	1,145
Lebanon	3,955	2,100	1,860	555	290	265
Nepal	360	165	195	1,125	595	535
Pakistan	1,815	920	895	4,405	2,145	2,255
Philippines	5,635	2,345	3,290	23,170	10,425	12,745
Saudi Arabia	435	210	225	365	185	175
Sri Lanka	860	380	480	335	155	175
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	7,455	3,740	3,715	1,405	710	695
Taiwan	170	60	105	325	110	215
Turkey	585	300	285	140	60	80
United Arab Emirates	300	160	145	440	225	210
Viet Nam	1,505	560	945	1,220	495	725
Other places of birth in Asia	4,025	1,765	2,265	2,410	1,110	1,295
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	345	215	135	825	550	275
Australia	190	120	70	580	370	210
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	155	95	65	245	175	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,478,555	739,145	739,410
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,204,895	590,175	614,720	454,340	221,345	232,995
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	792,085	399,535	392,550	308,920	156,425	152,495
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745	715,295	361,370	353,920
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	867,685	420,465	447,220	349,430	168,800	180,625
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	469,015	243,915	225,100	198,100	99,880	98,230
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	224,720	137,975	86,745	78,410	49,470	28,945
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	244,300	105,945	138,360	119,695	50,410	69,285
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	241,225	96,130	145,095	99,880	40,835	59,050
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	146,295	75,100	71,195	48,590	26,655	21,935
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	11,150	5,320	5,825	2,845	1,440	1,410
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010	1,478,555	739,145	739,410
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	182,885	91,890	90,995	46,280	22,125	24,165
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	175,960	88,635	87,325	45,150	21,610	23,540
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	92,655	45,510	47,145	19,790	9,285	10,510
Métis	69,365	36,260	33,100	24,830	12,130	12,700
Inuk (Inuit)	13,940	6,865	7,075	530	200	335
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,760	1,330	1,430	510	240	270
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	4,170	1,930	2,245	620	270	355
Non-Aboriginal identity	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015	1,432,275	717,030	715,245
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,478,555	739,145	739,410
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	77,490	38,580	38,915	16,065	7,455	8,615
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100	1,462,490	731,695	730,795
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,478,555	739,145	739,410
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	118,780	58,535	60,245	10,760	5,060	5,700
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	115,480	56,930	58,550	10,460	4,890	5,575
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	87,700	42,730	44,965	7,625	3,545	4,080
Métis single ancestry	17,585	9,225	8,360	2,710	1,290	1,425
Inuit single ancestry	10,200	4,980	5,220	125	55	65
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,300	1,605	1,700	295	170	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,220	1,115	1,105	285	170	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	995	455	540	10	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	25	40	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	10	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	240,650	113,905	126,740	51,030	24,490	26,545
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	235,365	111,205	124,165	48,930	23,470	25,455
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	193,625	90,650	102,975	26,300	12,435	13,865
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	37,080	18,320	18,760	22,120	10,850	11,270
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,660	2,230	2,425	505	190	320
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	5,280	2,700	2,575	2,105	1,015	1,085
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,040	2,105	1,940	2,000	965	1,035
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	990	475	515	45	25	20
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	110	115	40	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030	1,416,765	709,600	707,165
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	1,478,555	739,150	739,405
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,032,365	505,180	527,185	469,710	231,335	238,365
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	90,335	46,750	43,585	123,900	62,885	61,015
Chinese	99,505	44,370	55,135	90,280	44,050	46,235
Black	319,230	154,110	165,120	54,905	28,140	26,765
Filipino	34,910	14,275	20,635	73,005	32,830	40,170
Latin American	133,920	64,655	69,260	28,205	13,910	14,290
Arab	213,740	113,420	100,320	26,560	14,090	12,460
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	62,820	29,960	32,865	23,410	11,210	12,200
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	32,405	16,200	16,210	12,845	6,810	6,035
Korean	8,055	3,865	4,190	11,165	5,260	5,905
Japanese	4,570	1,755	2,820	5,735	2,550	3,185
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,840	4,670	5,175	4,715	2,215	2,500
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	23,045	11,160	11,885	14,980	7,375	7,605
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830	1,008,850	507,805	501,040
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010	1,478,555	739,150	739,410
North American Aboriginal origins	359,430	172,440	186,985	61,790	29,545	32,245
First Nations (North American Indian)	289,610	137,550	152,065	36,285	17,150	19,135
Inuit	17,175	8,300	8,880	745	295	450
Métis	61,260	30,915	30,345	27,180	13,305	13,880
Other North American origins	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605	324,605	164,890	159,720
Acadian	34,785	16,440	18,345	1,935	1,010	925
American	45,050	21,470	23,580	26,565	13,015	13,550
Canadian	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555	305,685	155,475	150,210
New Brunswicker	750	370	380	25	15	10
Newfoundlander	570	280	295	570	330	245
Nova Scotian	365	155	215	55	40	15
Ontarian	1,345	660	685	55	45	10
Québécois	184,005	93,895	90,110	510	275	235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	205	110	100	165	105	65
European origins	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825	901,255	450,105	451,150
British Isles origins	745,715	360,135	385,575	584,100	290,930	293,165
Channel Islander	1,440	725	720	140	75	65
Cornish	70	35	40	105	25	75
English	228,520	111,855	116,670	334,445	165,545	168,900
Irish	446,215	211,545	234,665	218,400	105,440	112,955
Manx	200	105	95	420	215	205
Scottish	215,030	103,395	111,635	267,255	132,320	134,935
Welsh	10,765	5,075	5,690	30,500	14,830	15,670
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	32,525	15,440	17,080	39,290	19,145	20,145
French origins	1,878,795	941,770	937,025	129,505	63,620	65,885
Alsatian	1,050	520	525	50	25	25
Breton	11,140	5,410	5,725	25	10	20
Corsican	1,270	690	580	20	0	15
French	1,870,545	937,665	932,875	129,440	63,595	65,845
Western European origins (except French origins)	244,380	119,115	125,260	292,060	144,715	147,345
Austrian	12,710	6,285	6,430	15,650	7,650	8,000
Bavarian	40	30	20	30	20	10
Belgian	51,340	25,295	26,050	7,345	3,575	3,775
Dutch	26,000	12,805	13,190	61,175	30,635	30,535
Flemish	1,345	660	685	665	285	385
Frisian	15	20	0	260	135	125
German	142,225	68,250	73,975	224,975	111,060	113,915
Luxembourger	910	445	460	280	145	140
Swiss	24,500	12,615	11,885	9,125	4,410	4,710
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	125	80	50	430	205	220
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,460	12,490	12,975	107,110	51,610	55,495
Danish	5,700	2,815	2,885	21,260	10,405	10,855
Finnish	3,130	1,430	1,700	6,315	3,085	3,225
Icelandic	955	480	470	8,305	4,015	4,290
Norwegian	7,820	3,835	3,985	47,655	22,605	25,060
Swedish	6,840	3,275	3,565	30,360	14,445	15,920
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,500	1,265	1,230	4,530	2,325	2,205
Eastern European origins	249,940	121,660	128,285	222,980	109,215	113,770
Bulgarian	9,570	4,675	4,895	1,670	850	820
Byelorussian	2,530	1,235	1,295	850	405	445
Czech	6,295	2,965	3,330	8,130	4,060	4,070
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,150	1,100	1,050	2,890	1,380	1,510
Estonian	890	460	435	1,265	555	710
Hungarian	28,280	13,970	14,310	23,715	11,525	12,190
Latvian	1,740	835	905	1,305	655	650
Lithuanian	6,630	3,320	3,305	2,615	1,260	1,355
Moldovan	7,620	3,710	3,900	995	530	465
Polish	79,040	38,705	40,335	60,280	29,300	30,975
Romanian	53,060	25,935	27,125	14,445	6,815	7,630
Russian	55,230	26,405	28,830	41,585	19,800	21,785
Slovak	4,770	2,375	2,395	5,000	2,600	2,405
Ukrainian	42,550	20,575	21,975	98,870	48,530	50,335
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	2,900	1,505	1,400	945	480	465
Southern European origins	549,750	273,670	276,080	97,265	48,355	48,905
Albanian	3,760	1,950	1,805	1,890	970	920
Bosnian	2,970	1,485	1,490	1,825	990	830
Catalan	735	395	340	50	25	25
Croatian	6,745	3,375	3,370	6,525	3,350	3,180
Cypriot	480	240	245	65	30	35
Greek	71,330	36,235	35,090	6,995	3,595	3,400
Italian	326,700	162,650	164,045	45,625	22,880	22,740
Kosovar	505	295	210	150	75	75
Macedonian	775	400	370	540	245	295
Maltese	1,220	615	610	675	335	340
Montenegrin	450	250	200	130	75	50
Portuguese	69,805	34,825	34,980	8,905	4,515	4,395
Serbian	5,950	2,915	3,040	3,515	1,795	1,720
Sicilian	1,435	710	725	155	75	80
Slovenian	2,510	1,225	1,280	1,865	1,020	845
Spanish	85,360	41,745	43,615	23,030	10,740	12,295
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	3,270	1,595	1,670	1,860	905	950
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	300	155	145	120	55	70
Other European origins	38,670	19,875	18,800	10,115	4,965	5,145
Basque	3,620	1,930	1,690	195	85	110
Jewish	25,235	12,955	12,280	4,690	2,230	2,460
Roma (Gypsy)	475	270	205	200	110	90
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	360	180	185	455	235	220
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	9,215	4,690	4,530	4,615	2,335	2,275
Caribbean origins	201,625	93,935	107,690	15,920	7,880	8,035
Antiguan	380	170	205	305	185	120
Bahamian	430	205	225	140	65	75
Barbadian	5,570	2,585	2,985	885	400	485
Bermudan	115	50	65	130	55	70
Carib	405	150	255	65	10	45
Cuban	9,830	4,800	5,035	855	405	455
Dominican	11,560	5,320	6,235	345	215	130
Grenadian	1,965	790	1,175	210	95	120
Guadeloupean	1,010	475	535	0	0	0
Haitian	143,165	66,245	76,925	1,015	525	490
Jamaican	14,100	6,785	7,315	7,405	3,630	3,765
Kittitian/Nevisian	360	200	160	70	55	10
Martinican	1,775	820	950	0	0	0
Montserratan	240	140	105	10	0	10
Puerto Rican	530	270	255	245	125	120
St. Lucian	860	450	405	335	165	175
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	6,585	2,925	3,660	2,205	1,135	1,075
Vincentian/Grenadinian	4,020	1,695	2,325	360	145	215
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	5,635	2,610	3,025	1,205	595	605
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	4,195	1,995	2,205	1,175	545	630
Latin, Central and South American origins	167,275	81,215	86,065	36,915	18,140	18,775
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,100	2,885	3,210	845	435	405
Arawak	180	60	120	85	15	65
Argentinian	4,950	2,490	2,460	825	415	410
Belizean	80	40	40	210	135	75
Bolivian	1,730	815	915	280	150	130
Brazilian	8,345	4,075	4,275	1,645	710	935
Chilean	14,060	7,055	7,005	3,300	1,665	1,640
Colombian	33,965	15,915	18,050	7,500	3,560	3,935
Costa Rican	1,180	570	610	295	135	160
Ecuadorian	2,720	1,255	1,470	440	180	260
Guatemalan	10,175	5,380	4,795	1,300	670	630
Guyanese	3,670	1,810	1,860	1,165	625	545
Hispanic	1,155	570	585	760	360	400
Honduran	4,335	2,135	2,200	370	195	170
Maya	1,670	935	735	230	120	105
Mexican	26,930	13,185	13,745	8,940	4,525	4,420
Nicaraguan	2,805	1,360	1,445	910	415	495
Panamanian	1,460	755	710	160	65	95
Paraguayan	365	155	205	175	80	90
Peruvian	19,735	9,240	10,495	1,495	655	845
Salvadorean	19,200	9,535	9,665	3,010	1,560	1,450
Uruguayan	1,755	815	940	145	80	65
Venezuelan	7,475	3,430	4,045	3,455	1,730	1,730
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	5,845	2,965	2,880	1,710	835	875
African origins	382,665	196,910	185,755	59,290	30,305	28,985
Central and West African origins	86,695	44,720	41,975	16,515	8,585	7,930
Akan	630	325	310	95	60	40
Angolan	875	425	450	160	75	85
Ashanti	120	90	35	85	45	35
Beninese	4,125	2,220	1,915	120	45	75
Burkinabe	2,465	1,325	1,145	20	0	15
Cameroonian	17,095	8,635	8,465	965	465	500
Chadian	1,045	525	520	60	50	15
Congolese	20,210	9,960	10,250	1,395	660	735
Edo	110	60	45	290	170	125
Ewe	460	265	200	70	40	30
Gabonese	1,165	545	620	25	0	20
Gambian	150	95	55	70	35	35
Ghanaian	3,235	1,660	1,575	1,860	990	870
Guinean	5,255	2,765	2,485	150	85	70
Ibo	185	95	95	1,155	605	550
Ivorian	8,545	4,350	4,200	185	115	70
Liberian	150	60	90	305	150	155
Malian	3,535	1,755	1,775	25	25	0
Malinké	635	340	295	20	0	15
Nigerian	2,820	1,510	1,310	7,875	4,115	3,765
Peulh	2,110	1,080	1,030	50	30	20
Senegalese	8,250	4,420	3,835	280	185	95
Sierra Leonean	110	55	55	225	125	100
Togolese	4,080	2,210	1,870	75	30	45
Wolof	660	390	270	40	25	15
Yoruba	460	225	235	1,815	995	820
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	6,955	3,690	3,275	695	335	360
North African origins	225,125	117,725	107,410	11,550	6,055	5,495
Algerian	60,375	31,185	29,190	825	420	410
Berber	33,825	17,840	15,985	350	200	150
Coptic	685	385	305	115	60	55
Dinka	15	10	10	265	150	115
Egyptian	29,400	15,295	14,100	4,590	2,445	2,140
Libyan	1,075	590	485	580	305	270
Maure	530	290	240	0	0	10
Moroccan	85,940	44,520	41,420	1,125	590	530
Sudanese	370	220	150	3,375	1,690	1,685
Tunisian	21,475	11,775	9,695	480	260	225
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	3,340	1,845	1,490	295	165	125
Southern and East African origins	28,925	14,225	14,705	21,385	10,830	10,555
Afrikaner	115	75	40	145	70	70
Amhara	65	30	35	220	120	100
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	1,905	1,040	870	235	115	115
Burundian	6,015	2,945	3,070	195	110	90
Djiboutian	450	205	245	10	10	0
Eritrean	580	290	290	3,805	2,040	1,765
Ethiopian	1,575	785	785	6,400	3,230	3,175
Harari	20	10	10	45	20	25
Kenyan	530	270	260	970	440	535
Malagasy	3,735	1,815	1,920	50	15	35
Mauritian	3,695	1,735	1,960	280	160	120
Oromo	20	15	10	675	350	330
Rwandan	5,130	2,445	2,685	180	80	105
Seychellois	775	345	425	25	15	10
Somali	1,785	865	915	2,770	1,400	1,375
South African	900	490	420	2,955	1,425	1,530
Tanzanian	325	190	140	480	190	290
Tigrian	95	35	55	435	240	195
Ugandan	290	135	160	340	195	145
Zambian	45	20	25	135	85	55
Zimbabwean	300	150	145	815	405	405
Zulu	70	35	35	80	50	30
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,790	915	875	1,570	765	805
Other African origins	46,805	22,845	23,965	10,990	5,415	5,580
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	3,800	1,845	1,950	935	435	500
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	43,785	21,415	22,370	10,150	5,025	5,120
Asian origins	563,150	275,170	287,980	389,585	190,635	198,950
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	240,795	123,985	116,810	49,035	25,600	23,435
Afghan	10,945	5,550	5,395	5,345	2,870	2,475
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	44,875	23,680	21,195	5,125	2,755	2,370
Armenian	27,380	13,515	13,865	1,025	515	510
Assyrian	370	205	165	355	210	150
Azerbaijani	555	295	255	295	120	170
Georgian	635	295	345	230	140	90
Hazara	385	190	200	265	140	125
Iranian	25,530	12,845	12,685	8,610	4,475	4,130
Iraqi	5,520	2,780	2,740	3,835	2,020	1,815
Israeli	6,060	3,235	2,830	755	405	350
Jordanian	1,610	840	770	600	315	290
Kazakh	620	295	325	300	120	180
Kurd	2,135	1,180	960	945	535	405
Kuwaiti	95	50	50	50	40	10
Kyrgyz	260	140	120	150	90	65
Lebanese	78,140	40,695	37,450	14,055	7,255	6,800
Palestinian	6,865	3,520	3,345	1,680	895	785
Pashtun	515	280	235	375	175	200
Saudi Arabian	645	390	255	185	110	75
Syrian	27,465	13,845	13,620	3,395	1,665	1,725
Tajik	390	180	210	170	100	70
Tatar	910	430	485	370	155	215
Turk	15,060	7,520	7,545	2,625	1,430	1,200
Turkmen	65	45	25	55	40	20
Uighur	375	185	190	150	75	75
Uzbek	465	210	255	270	115	155
Yemeni	805	450	355	545	270	275
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,465	1,385	1,075	1,375	720	655
South Asian origins	95,670	48,925	46,745	123,510	62,815	60,690
Bangladeshi	7,075	3,625	3,450	2,360	1,170	1,190
Bengali	4,125	2,035	2,090	1,010	505	505
Bhutanese	420	205	215	160	80	75
East Indian	51,650	26,505	25,140	91,410	46,205	45,200
Goan	210	105	110	345	185	165
Gujarati	420	205	215	290	140	155
Kashmiri	260	155	105	600	285	305
Nepali	930	460	470	1,930	1,055	875
Pakistani	13,535	7,000	6,535	18,550	9,530	9,025
Punjabi	2,970	1,675	1,295	8,655	4,485	4,165
Sinhalese	310	135	175	385	205	180
Sri Lankan	14,750	7,300	7,450	2,445	1,260	1,190
Tamil	3,100	1,610	1,495	445	230	220
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,135	1,190	945	2,570	1,300	1,265
East and Southeast Asian origins	229,985	103,805	126,180	219,265	103,395	115,870
Burmese	530	270	255	775	390	385
Cambodian (Khmer)	15,345	7,360	7,985	2,150	1,165	985
Chinese	121,445	54,595	66,850	105,360	50,955	54,400
Filipino	37,910	15,590	22,320	77,435	35,030	42,405
Hmong	35	10	20	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,320	570	755	1,625	750	880
Japanese	6,495	2,615	3,875	7,980	3,560	4,415
Karen	95	55	40	295	145	155
Korean	8,740	4,155	4,580	11,790	5,545	6,240
Laotian	7,625	3,860	3,770	960	445	515
Malaysian	645	300	340	1,365	625	745
Mongolian	960	470	485	1,105	510	590
Singaporean	105	65	40	205	105	100
Taiwanese	2,205	940	1,265	1,210	525	685
Thai	2,695	1,065	1,635	1,120	400	720
Tibetan	80	45	30	890	460	430
Vietnamese	43,080	20,790	22,290	21,095	10,195	10,900
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	275	125	155	340	175	160
Other Asian origins	1,765	905	865	1,690	860	835
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,770	905	860	1,690	860	835
Oceania origins	3,250	1,730	1,515	6,915	3,490	3,420
Australian	2,055	1,125	935	3,785	1,930	1,860
New Zealander	490	245	245	1,455	765	685
Pacific Islands origins	785	410	380	1,825	880	945
Fijian	70	25	40	1,195	555	640
Hawaiian	60	40	20	165	70	90
Maori	90	55	35	190	85	105
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	290	145	145	85	55	35
Samoan	15	15	0	90	70	20
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	295	155	145	140	75	70
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	3,531,665	...	...	558,915	...	...
Owner	2,163,735	...	...	411,880	...	...
Renter	1,362,010	...	...	146,860	...	...
Band housing	5,915	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	3,531,660	...	...	558,910	...	...
Condominium	413,325	...	...	117,205	...	...
Not condominium	3,118,340	...	...	441,710	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	3,531,665	...	...	558,910	...	...
No bedrooms	23,725	...	...	1,825	...	...
1 bedroom	573,370	...	...	53,650	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,100,310	...	...	119,715	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,157,300	...	...	201,350	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	676,955	...	...	182,375	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	3,531,665	...	...	558,910	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,258,215	...	...	138,040	...	...
5 rooms	620,935	...	...	84,300	...	...
6 rooms	432,090	...	...	81,455	...	...
7 rooms	403,255	...	...	72,810	...	...
8 or more rooms	817,165	...	...	182,305	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	3,531,665	...	...	558,910	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,492,135	...	...	546,025	...	...
More than 1 person per room	39,530	...	...	12,890	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	3,531,660	...	...	558,910	...	...
Suitable	3,398,910	...	...	534,285	...	...
Not suitable	132,755	...	...	24,625	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	3,531,660	...	...	558,910	...	...
1960 or before	894,495	...	...	51,445	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,116,760	...	...	150,795	...	...
1981 to 1990	503,495	...	...	69,125	...	...
1991 to 2000	369,020	...	...	91,030	...	...
2001 to 2005	196,830	...	...	65,580	...	...
2006 to 2010	241,545	...	...	67,855	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	209,515	...	...	63,090	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	3,531,665	...	...	558,910	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	3,304,625	...	...	535,330	...	...
Major repairs needed	227,040	...	...	23,580	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	3,531,665	...	...	558,910	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,221,970	...	...	308,890	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,264,195	...	...	230,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	45,500	...	...	19,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	3,531,665	...	...	558,910	...	...
15 to 24 years	119,495	...	...	15,115	...	...
25 to 34 years	498,070	...	...	103,370	...	...
35 to 44 years	603,840	...	...	121,600	...	...
45 to 54 years	682,290	...	...	119,875	...	...
55 to 64 years	731,390	...	...	104,290	...	...
65 to 74 years	541,630	...	...	57,455	...	...
75 to 84 years	270,280	...	...	27,880	...	...
85 years and over	84,680	...	...	9,330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	3,496,460	...	...	552,885	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,763,105	...	...	432,595	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	733,355	...	...	120,290	...	...
30% to less than 100%	647,975	...	...	103,840	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,141,690	...	...	408,735	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.9	...	...	67.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.9	...	...	16.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	983	...	...	1,607	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	1,635	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,302	...	...	450,224	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	290,484	...	...	527,278	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,358,265	...	...	146,795	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.3	...	...	9.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.7	...	...	36.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	720	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	775	...	...	1,363	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	1,197,280	594,875	602,410
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,323,070	674,955	648,115	163,960	84,625	79,340
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,426,980	674,820	752,155	315,170	156,660	158,510
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970	718,155	353,590	364,560
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,120,730	681,515	439,215	87,060	65,430	21,630
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	806,585	435,090	371,495	30,370	17,305	13,065
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	314,145	246,425	67,720	56,690	48,120	8,565
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,165,515	506,775	658,740	221,390	92,540	128,845
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	236,255	93,680	142,575	37,975	15,440	22,535
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,361,730	628,290	733,440	371,735	180,185	191,545
Bachelor's degree	872,060	384,275	487,790	260,490	122,500	137,995
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	118,955	54,255	64,695	19,660	9,030	10,630
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	39,045	19,865	19,185	9,965	5,030	4,935
Master's degree	281,215	139,280	141,935	70,005	36,175	33,825
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50,455	30,615	19,840	11,615	7,445	4,170
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125	863,305	429,610	433,700
No certificate, diploma or degree	580,635	323,880	256,750	71,225	39,300	31,925
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	808,955	396,620	412,330	195,315	98,605	96,710
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040	596,770	291,705	305,065
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	866,595	513,575	353,015	67,070	51,190	15,880
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	631,795	330,140	301,655	22,460	13,055	9,405
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	234,800	183,440	51,360	44,610	38,135	6,475
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	832,430	367,185	465,245	178,565	75,170	103,390
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	167,025	67,530	99,495	30,425	12,450	17,975
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,116,300	499,010	617,290	320,715	152,890	167,825
Bachelor's degree	712,935	308,760	404,175	223,760	104,155	119,605
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	94,240	40,085	54,160	16,360	7,375	8,985
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30,775	13,505	17,270	8,790	4,145	4,650
Master's degree	238,300	113,895	124,410	62,455	31,525	30,930
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	40,050	22,780	17,270	9,345	5,690	3,655
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	1,197,280	594,870	602,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270	479,125	241,285	237,845
Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	43,020	9,180	33,845
13. Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	43,020	9,180	33,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	156,720	71,485	85,240	23,060	9,510	13,550
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25,380	18,280	7,100	3,960	2,750	1,210
50. Visual and performing arts	131,340	53,200	78,140	19,100	6,770	12,340
Humanities	215,735	86,065	129,675	31,770	11,660	20,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	32,180	7,165	25,020	3,340	695	2,650
23. English language and literature/letters	12,900	4,060	8,835	7,670	2,020	5,650
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	103,120	42,685	60,435	9,700	3,260	6,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	880	395	485	135	65	70
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10,400	6,650	3,755	2,115	1,150	965
39. Theology and religious vocations	10,125	6,200	3,930	3,775	2,205	1,565
54. History	17,055	9,990	7,065	4,230	2,095	2,130
55. French language and literature/letters	29,070	8,920	20,155	805	170	640
Social and behavioural sciences and law	380,995	125,025	255,975	75,070	26,050	49,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	1,165	3,150	855	150	705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	48,530	16,690	31,845	9,265	3,080	6,175
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	77,470	6,070	71,400	9,380	890	8,495
22. Legal professions and studies	67,185	25,785	41,395	14,125	4,860	9,265
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	9,905	2,035	7,870	965	235	730
42. Psychology	57,335	14,030	43,305	11,870	2,625	9,250
45. Social sciences	116,255	59,245	57,015	28,615	14,205	14,405
Business, management and public administration	879,190	321,450	557,740	163,090	66,810	96,285
30.16 Accounting and computer science	815	300	520	215	65	145
44. Public administration and social service professions	47,715	10,490	37,225	8,105	1,405	6,705
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	830,660	310,665	519,990	154,775	65,340	89,435
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140,990	76,780	64,215	36,425	19,815	16,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	49,705	20,900	28,805	11,375	4,575	6,800
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	23,210	13,865	9,350	6,890	3,355	3,540
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	21,890	10,810	11,080	330	120	205
40. Physical sciences	39,060	27,545	11,515	16,220	11,210	5,005
41. Science technologies/technicians	7,120	3,660	3,465	1,610	550	1,065
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	152,105	104,850	47,255	30,310	19,625	10,685
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125,480	92,730	32,750	24,720	17,200	7,520
25. Library science	11,110	2,145	8,965	1,650	230	1,420
27. Mathematics and statistics	13,415	8,365	5,045	3,620	1,985	1,635
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,100	1,605	495	325	210	110
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	828,400	758,350	70,055	172,005	148,565	23,435
04. Architecture and related services	29,015	17,055	11,960	5,990	3,705	2,285
14. Engineering	150,450	124,585	25,865	64,160	51,315	12,850
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	150,640	135,445	15,195	33,195	27,090	6,110
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	20	40	35	0	30
46. Construction trades	185,385	179,995	5,390	29,180	28,295	885
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	184,280	178,510	5,770	26,570	25,745	825
48. Precision production	128,580	122,750	5,830	12,875	12,420	455
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	85,485	56,900	28,585	13,085	7,195	5,890
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	51,770	30,870	20,900	7,470	4,390	3,075
03. Natural resources and conservation	33,715	26,025	7,690	5,615	2,800	2,815
Health and related fields	480,230	95,450	384,780	100,060	20,545	79,515
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	27,955	14,675	13,280	8,405	4,065	4,335
51. Health professions and related programs	441,105	74,630	366,470	88,880	14,980	73,900
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,160	6,140	5,020	2,775	1,505	1,270
Personal, protective and transportation services	290,005	151,070	138,935	30,175	14,610	15,565
12. Personal and culinary services	164,595	43,720	120,875	19,460	5,895	13,565
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	290	270	20	130	120	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,345	1,245	100	205	180	30
43. Security and protective services	54,625	42,415	12,210	4,675	3,250	1,425
49. Transportation and materials moving	69,160	63,425	5,740	5,705	5,165	540
Other	1,055	375	680	75	25	45
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,055	375	675	70	25	45
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130	863,310	429,605	433,700
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,389,585	720,500	669,085	266,535	137,905	128,635
Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	32,950	6,505	26,445
13. Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	32,950	6,505	26,450
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	122,045	55,575	66,475	19,065	7,690	11,380
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	19,510	13,740	5,770	3,235	2,200	1,030
50. Visual and performing arts	102,535	41,830	60,705	15,835	5,490	10,345
Humanities	138,330	54,580	83,750	26,290	9,470	16,820
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25,220	5,455	19,765	2,835	565	2,270
23. English language and literature/letters	9,585	2,990	6,595	6,420	1,655	4,765
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	57,730	25,305	32,430	8,290	2,740	5,550
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	600	255	350	120	65	60
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,980	4,415	2,570	1,710	935	775
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,415	3,380	2,035	2,825	1,650	1,175
54. History	12,235	7,140	5,095	3,515	1,735	1,775
55. French language and literature/letters	20,555	5,640	14,915	585	130	450
Social and behavioural sciences and law	301,550	95,120	206,430	64,295	21,870	42,425
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,550	925	2,620	725	140	585
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40,275	13,900	26,370	8,035	2,610	5,425
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	63,120	4,295	58,825	7,640	710	6,930
22. Legal professions and studies	53,620	18,830	34,790	12,300	3,965	8,330
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	6,840	1,420	5,420	800	200	600
42. Psychology	44,540	10,255	34,285	9,995	2,080	7,910
45. Social sciences	89,610	45,495	44,110	24,790	12,160	12,635
Business, management and public administration	706,400	248,920	457,480	138,050	56,325	81,725
30.16 Accounting and computer science	615	215	400	180	65	115
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,320	7,835	30,485	6,860	1,120	5,740
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	667,470	240,870	426,600	131,010	55,145	75,870
Physical and life sciences and technologies	92,480	49,390	43,090	29,445	15,555	13,890
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,895	16,635	24,260	9,355	3,660	5,695
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,450	7,435	5,015	5,675	2,775	2,900
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	4,175	2,385	1,785	255	110	145
40. Physical sciences	29,705	20,255	9,445	12,955	8,630	4,325
41. Science technologies/technicians	5,255	2,675	2,580	1,210	380	830
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	132,750	91,865	40,885	27,300	17,740	9,555
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	112,715	83,240	29,470	22,860	15,885	6,970
25. Library science	8,720	1,665	7,055	1,310	190	1,120
27. Mathematics and statistics	9,725	5,815	3,915	2,865	1,500	1,365
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,585	1,150	440	270	170	105
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	639,185	577,845	61,335	142,120	121,305	20,810
04. Architecture and related services	24,260	13,870	10,385	5,000	2,965	2,040
14. Engineering	126,835	103,165	23,665	55,540	43,720	11,815
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	116,595	103,710	12,885	27,075	21,930	5,140
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	15	30	30	0	25
46. Construction trades	134,865	130,350	4,510	23,770	23,030	740
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	139,935	135,155	4,780	20,840	20,170	670
48. Precision production	96,655	91,580	5,075	9,870	9,495	380
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	69,865	45,215	24,655	11,140	5,910	5,230
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	41,755	23,965	17,795	6,095	3,440	2,650
03. Natural resources and conservation	28,110	21,250	6,860	5,045	2,465	2,580
Health and related fields	368,600	72,245	296,355	81,825	17,260	64,565
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	22,660	11,635	11,030	7,165	3,490	3,675
51. Health professions and related programs	337,320	56,510	280,810	72,210	12,515	59,695
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,620	4,110	4,510	2,445	1,255	1,195
Personal, protective and transportation services	229,640	118,260	111,375	24,220	12,050	12,180
12. Personal and culinary services	129,245	32,830	96,410	15,360	4,790	10,565
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	225	200	25	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	875	795	80	110	100	10
43. Security and protective services	42,550	32,575	9,975	3,855	2,720	1,140
49. Transportation and materials moving	56,750	51,860	4,890	4,800	4,350	450
Other	890	300	595	55	20	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	890	300	595	60	20	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	1,197,280	594,870	602,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270	479,130	241,280	237,845
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970	718,150	353,595	364,560
Location of study inside Canada	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880	544,240	268,515	275,725
Same as province or territory of residence	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270	378,555	185,865	192,690
Different than province or territory of residence	142,415	73,800	68,610	165,690	82,650	83,035
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	374,620	193,530	181,090	173,910	85,075	88,835
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	28,320	16,915	11,410	22,770	13,060	9,705
Philippines	12,515	3,600	8,920	29,050	11,180	17,870
India	6,805	3,660	3,150	19,675	9,795	9,880
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,250	6,535	4,715	15,985	9,050	6,930
China^{Census data footnote 162}	17,155	7,755	9,395	12,005	5,660	6,355
France	69,665	39,885	29,780	1,250	725	525
Other	228,905	115,185	113,725	73,175	35,605	37,570
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130	863,305	429,605	433,700
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,389,590	720,505	669,085	266,540	137,905	128,635
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045	596,765	291,700	305,065
Location of study inside Canada	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780	448,255	220,835	227,425
Same as province or territory of residence	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280	312,355	153,220	159,135
Different than province or territory of residence	108,630	55,125	53,500	135,905	67,615	68,285
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	306,115	153,850	152,265	148,510	70,870	77,645
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	19,655	11,145	8,505	17,905	9,930	7,970
Philippines	10,545	2,935	7,610	26,965	10,280	16,690
India	4,865	2,465	2,400	17,685	8,625	9,060
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	7,390	4,245	3,145	11,570	6,525	5,045
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15,420	6,865	8,550	10,580	4,885	5,695
France	57,315	32,115	25,205	1,085	640	445
Other	190,930	94,085	96,850	62,720	29,980	32,740
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	1,197,285	594,870	602,410
In the labour force	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	874,540	465,665	408,880
Employed	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	793,590	419,905	373,685
Unemployed	306,170	177,630	128,540	80,950	45,755	35,195
Not in the labour force	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480	322,740	129,210	193,530
Participation rate	64.1	67.9	60.5	73.0	78.3	67.9
Employment rate	59.5	62.5	56.7	66.3	70.6	62.0
Unemployment rate	7.2	8.0	6.3	9.3	9.8	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	1,197,285	594,870	602,410
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655	292,620	115,250	177,370
Worked	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585	904,660	479,620	425,035
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215	452,730	262,190	190,550
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375	451,925	217,435	234,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.7	42.3	42.6	43.3	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	874,540	465,660	408,880
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,485	51,640	49,850	17,265	7,915	9,350
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915	857,280	457,750	399,525
Employee	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185	753,930	392,560	361,375
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	489,090	299,355	189,730	103,345	65,190	38,155
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	874,540	465,665	408,880
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,640	49,850	17,265	7,910	9,355
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	857,275	457,750	399,530
0 Management occupations	418,450	263,585	154,875	99,450	64,225	35,220
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	677,390	210,525	466,865	149,680	45,785	103,895
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	286,270	222,375	63,895	90,620	70,650	19,970
3 Health occupations	295,765	57,160	238,610	55,610	11,155	44,455
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	502,945	147,145	355,795	86,440	27,755	58,690
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	135,730	64,370	71,365	22,275	9,260	13,015
6 Sales and service occupations	988,610	449,820	538,790	191,845	84,250	107,595
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	574,675	544,100	30,570	125,410	116,855	8,550
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	67,290	55,610	11,685	15,440	12,390	3,050
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	206,875	148,405	58,475	20,515	15,420	5,095
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765	874,540	465,660	408,880
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,635	49,850	17,260	7,910	9,350
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	857,275	457,750	399,530
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	84,060	60,460	23,595	8,060	5,010	3,050
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20,920	18,175	2,745	54,135	34,895	19,240
22 Utilities	28,410	20,650	7,755	9,370	6,020	3,345
23 Construction	254,055	223,770	30,285	82,100	70,690	11,410
31-33 Manufacturing	458,315	332,080	126,240	45,020	33,365	11,660
41 Wholesale trade	157,365	104,885	52,475	31,055	21,295	9,765
44-45 Retail trade	508,170	239,625	268,545	93,930	45,345	48,590
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	187,550	142,550	45,000	48,645	34,010	14,635
51 Information and cultural industries	100,775	59,705	41,070	16,535	9,780	6,760
52 Finance and insurance	165,140	66,175	98,965	30,670	13,105	17,565
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	61,380	36,505	24,875	17,270	9,690	7,580
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	288,715	161,030	127,685	87,980	51,080	36,900
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,305	1,270	2,035	3,935	2,075	1,865
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	176,185	108,280	67,905	36,190	20,845	15,345
61 Educational services	306,575	96,170	210,405	53,390	16,440	36,950
62 Health care and social assistance	532,680	99,380	433,295	91,075	16,330	74,745
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	84,130	44,235	39,895	19,610	9,490	10,125
72 Accommodation and food services	278,500	123,235	155,265	58,315	24,560	33,755
81 Other services (except public administration)	193,700	89,455	104,245	36,995	15,545	21,450
91 Public administration	264,085	135,455	128,630	32,970	18,185	14,790
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	793,595	419,910	373,685
Worked at home	266,285	134,325	131,960	59,950	28,200	31,755
Worked outside Canada	10,600	7,580	3,020	3,420	2,625	800
No fixed workplace address	351,595	265,405	86,185	111,415	83,740	27,670
Worked at usual place	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050	618,800	305,340	313,460
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050	618,800	305,340	313,455
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,732,155	810,895	921,260	517,695	248,285	269,415
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	485,450	234,700	250,750	85,290	46,075	39,215
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,037,125	549,095	488,030	12,065	8,650	3,415
Commute to a different province or territory	66,125	35,110	31,015	3,750	2,330	1,415
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240	730,215	389,085	341,130
Car, truck, van - as a driver	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625	538,535	301,215	237,320
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	133,760	51,045	82,715	36,825	13,005	23,820
Public transit	503,285	217,465	285,820	99,260	44,485	54,775
Walked	205,350	93,595	111,760	33,950	16,060	17,890
Bicycle	54,625	36,470	18,155	10,500	7,355	3,150
Other method	36,010	20,845	15,170	11,140	6,960	4,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240	730,215	389,080	341,130
Less than 15 minutes	1,035,455	493,225	542,235	136,275	61,580	74,700
15 to 29 minutes	1,200,455	617,010	583,445	288,215	153,450	134,765
30 to 44 minutes	777,955	425,640	352,310	193,110	110,650	82,460
45 to 59 minutes	343,540	184,440	159,100	65,965	36,565	29,405
60 minutes and over	315,035	174,875	140,160	46,650	26,845	19,805
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240	730,215	389,085	341,130
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	256,150	192,835	63,315	51,280	36,110	15,170
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	675,585	420,120	255,465	152,385	93,335	59,055
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,133,510	527,925	605,580	212,760	110,115	102,650
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	714,935	296,300	418,630	128,640	59,460	69,180
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	349,845	148,715	201,125	78,365	33,695	44,670
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	542,425	309,295	233,125	106,780	56,365	50,410
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655	929,720	491,055	438,660
Single responses	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385	919,425	486,150	433,275
Official languages	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420	909,380	480,955	428,430
English	541,720	294,935	246,780	907,140	480,310	426,830
French	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640	2,245	645	1,600
Non-official languages	34,160	17,190	16,970	10,045	5,195	4,845
Aboriginal languages	12,670	6,180	6,490	50	30	25
Algonquian languages	8,350	4,095	4,260	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	8,285	4,060	4,220	0	0	0
Atikamekw	1,100	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	1,800	840	960	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	210	105	100	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	20	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5,145	2,515	2,630	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	20	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	25	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	30	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	4,305	2,080	2,220	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	4,290	2,075	2,215	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	15	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	45	25	25
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	45	25	25
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,490	11,005	10,480	9,995	5,170	4,825
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,895	1,125	775	340	205	135
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	10	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,860	1,110	745	335	200	130
Amharic	0	0	0	50	30	15
Arabic	1,715	1,045	665	240	155	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	140	70	70	25	10	20
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	15	10	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,725	850	870	835	305	530
Khmer (Cambodian)	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,410	710	695	835	310	525
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	345	155	195
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0	15	0	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	50	60	320	150	170
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole languages	275	90	190	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	265	90	175	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	20	0	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	145	75	70	15	10	10
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,165	5,255	4,910	3,265	1,810	1,455
Albanian	30	20	10	25	15	10
Armenian	275	130	145	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,130	500	635	325	155	165
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,115	495	625	325	160	170
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	15	10	0
Bulgarian	55	20	30	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	15	0	0
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	170	65	105	100	70	25
Russian	735	340	395	160	65	95
Serbian	10	15	0	10	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	35	75	25	0	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,285	575	715	125	75	50
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	10	10
Danish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	25	10	15	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	370	170	195	95	60	35
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yiddish	860	375	485	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	525	260	270	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,385	780	600	1,895	1,135	765
Indo-Aryan languages	680	390	295	1,760	1,050	715
Bengali	110	70	35	15	10	10
Gujarati	20	0	10	15	10	10
Hindi	35	20	15	105	55	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	0	10	30	15	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	415	225	190	1,465	915	555
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Urdu	85	50	35	105	45	65
Iranian languages	700	395	305	135	85	50
Kurdish	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	15	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	675	385	285	120	65	50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,525	2,990	2,540	880	420	460
Catalan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Italian	590	315	275	10	10	0
Portuguese	635	365	270	95	45	45
Romanian	320	140	175	50	30	20
Spanish	3,975	2,165	1,810	730	340	390
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	235	80	150	90	35	60
Kartvelian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	300	150	150	495	210	285
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	25	10	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	25	20	0	25	10	20
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	205	60	140	60	20	40
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	0	20
Quebec Sign Language	125	20	110	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	30	30	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,070	3,125	2,945	4,410	2,350	2,055
Chinese languages	6,075	3,130	2,950	4,370	2,330	2,040
Cantonese	2,655	1,325	1,330	2,845	1,465	1,380
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,100	1,630	1,465	1,385	780	605
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	40	30	10	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	235	130	110	125	75	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	20	15
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	40	75	20	15	10
Lao	55	25	30	0	0	0
Thai	55	10	40	25	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	110	60	50	20	10	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	110	55	55	25	10	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	10	40	55	35	20
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	0	35	55	35	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	341,900	182,635	159,265	10,290	4,905	5,390
English and French	315,620	169,365	146,255	1,770	690	1,080
English and non-official language	6,545	3,655	2,890	8,355	4,130	4,220
French and non-official language	7,525	3,460	4,065	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language	12,205	6,160	6,055	145	70	75
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655	929,715	491,050	438,660
None	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690	889,705	470,855	418,850
English	1,031,380	555,940	475,440	5,470	2,520	2,950
French	317,490	169,785	147,705	8,545	3,855	4,690
Non-official language	49,850	25,900	23,950	25,310	13,470	11,835
Aboriginal	4,985	2,285	2,705	140	55	85
Non-Aboriginal	44,865	23,620	21,245	25,170	13,420	11,750
English and French	2,185	1,040	1,140	25	10	15
English and non-official language	14,910	7,255	7,655	110	55	60
French and non-official language	6,855	3,795	3,055	560	295	265
English, French and non-official language	65	50	20	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575	1,460,030	729,620	730,415
Non-movers	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195	1,232,685	615,060	617,620
Movers	914,800	450,420	464,380	227,350	114,555	112,790
Non-migrants	547,410	269,850	277,560	158,390	80,545	77,845
Migrants	367,385	180,565	186,820	68,960	34,015	34,945
Internal migrants	305,465	149,335	156,135	46,830	23,065	23,770
Intraprovincial migrants	284,280	137,945	146,330	29,785	14,835	14,945
Interprovincial migrants	21,190	11,385	9,805	17,050	8,225	8,825
External migrants	61,920	31,235	30,685	22,125	10,955	11,175
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805	1,383,920	690,395	693,530
Non-movers	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065	747,715	371,835	375,880
Movers	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740	636,205	318,560	317,650
Non-migrants	1,507,665	741,220	766,440	370,660	187,130	183,530
Migrants	1,187,425	584,125	603,295	265,550	131,430	134,115
Internal migrants	949,170	464,830	484,340	171,970	85,775	86,190
Intraprovincial migrants	893,800	436,525	457,270	88,185	44,040	44,145
Interprovincial migrants	55,370	28,300	27,070	83,785	41,735	42,045
External migrants	238,250	119,295	118,960	93,580	45,655	47,930

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Quebec [Province] and Calgary [Economic region], Alberta (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Calgary [Economic region], Alberta

Census Profile, 2016 Census Quebec [Province] and Calgary [Economic region], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Calgary [Economic region], Alberta