Census Profile, 2016 Census
Dorval--Lachine--LaSalle [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Alberni-Clayoquot A, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Dorval--Lachine--LaSalle Quebec [Federal electoral district]			Alberni-Clayoquot A, RDA British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Dorval--Lachine--LaSalle [Federal electoral district], Quebec Map : Dorval--Lachine--LaSalle [Federal electoral district], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberni-Clayoquot A, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	112,866	...	...	243	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	106,886	...	...	192	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.6	...	...	26.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	53,004	...	...	444	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	49,211	...	...	132	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,271.1	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	49.70	...	...	1,621.57	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	112,865	54,235	58,630	240	150	95
0 to 14 years	18,305	9,325	8,980	5	0	5
0 to 4 years	6,410	3,300	3,105	0	0	0
5 to 9 years	6,295	3,150	3,145	5	0	5
10 to 14 years	5,605	2,875	2,725	0	0	0
15 to 64 years	74,390	36,530	37,860	165	95	65
15 to 19 years	5,915	3,055	2,865	5	0	5
20 to 24 years	7,010	3,505	3,505	20	10	5
25 to 29 years	6,975	3,380	3,600	15	10	5
30 to 34 years	7,600	3,685	3,910	5	5	0
35 to 39 years	7,910	3,820	4,090	15	10	5
40 to 44 years	7,440	3,650	3,790	5	5	0
45 to 49 years	7,760	3,790	3,965	15	5	5
50 to 54 years	8,585	4,245	4,340	30	15	10
55 to 59 years	8,245	4,060	4,185	30	20	10
60 to 64 years	6,955	3,345	3,610	30	10	15
65 years and over	20,170	8,380	11,790	75	50	25
65 to 69 years	6,035	2,765	3,270	40	25	15
70 to 74 years	4,645	2,010	2,635	15	5	5
75 to 79 years	3,600	1,500	2,105	15	10	5
80 to 84 years	2,925	1,210	1,715	0	5	0
85 years and over	2,965	890	2,070	5	5	5
85 to 89 years	1,910	645	1,270	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	800	210	585	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	220	30	190	0	0	0
100 years and over	30	5	25	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2	17.2	15.3	2.1	0.0	5.3
15 to 64 years	65.9	67.4	64.6	68.8	63.3	68.4
65 years and over	17.9	15.5	20.1	31.3	33.3	26.3
85 years and over	2.6	1.6	3.5	2.1	3.3	5.3
Average age of the population	41.6	40.2	43.0	52.7	53.7	51.0
Median age of the population	41.8	40.5	43.1	56.8	57.2	56.5
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	49,215	...	...	130	...	...
Single-detached house	7,110	...	...	110	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,855	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	39,200	...	...	10	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,600	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	2,335	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	14,630	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	20,515	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	125	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	45	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	49,210	...	...	135	...	...
1 person	18,305	...	...	70	...	...
2 persons	14,580	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	7,340	...	...	5	...	...
4 persons	5,950	...	...	0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,040	...	...	0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	109,835	...	...	215	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	1.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	94,555	44,905	49,655	235	145	90
Married or living common law	47,025	23,475	23,545	115	60	55
Married	34,945	17,455	17,485	85	50	35
Living common law	12,080	6,020	6,060	30	15	15
Not married and not living common law	47,535	21,430	26,110	120	85	40
Never married	31,135	16,155	14,985	65	45	20
Separated	2,195	960	1,235	5	5	0
Divorced	8,160	3,075	5,085	40	30	15
Widowed	6,045	1,245	4,800	10	5	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	29,560	...	...	55	...	...
2 persons	14,485	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	7,015	...	...	5	...	...
4 persons	5,765	...	...	0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,300	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	29,560	...	...	55	...	...
Total couple families	22,645	...	...	50	...	...
Married couples	16,615	...	...	40	...	...
Common-law couples	6,025	...	...	15	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	6,920	...	...	0	...	...
Female parent	5,635	...	...	0	...	...
Male parent	1,280	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	22,645	...	...	50	...	...
Couples without children	10,130	...	...	45	...	...
Couples with children	12,515	...	...	10	...	...
1 child	5,140	...	...	5	...	...
2 children	5,245	...	...	0	...	...
3 or more children	2,130	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	6,915	...	...	0	...	...
1 child	4,355	...	...	5	...	...
2 children	1,870	...	...	0	...	...
3 or more children	685	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	24,615	11,955	12,660	90	70	25
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	49,210	...	...	135	...	...
One-census-family households	28,475	...	...	50	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	9,745	...	...	45	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	18,730	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	530	...	...	0	...	...
Non-census-family households	20,210	...	...	80	...	...
One-person households	18,305	...	...	70	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,900	...	...	5	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	110,910	53,640	57,270	245	145	90
English only	19,010	9,340	9,670	225	135	90
French only	22,225	9,795	12,430	0	0	0
English and French	67,265	33,510	33,755	15	5	5
Neither English nor French	2,410	990	1,420	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	110,910	53,640	57,275	240	150	95
English	44,790	21,995	22,795	235	145	90
French	54,425	26,025	28,400	5	5	5
English and French	9,375	4,675	4,700	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	2,325	945	1,380	5	5	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	49,475	24,330	25,145	5	5	5
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	44.6	45.4	43.9	2.1	3.3	5.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	110,915	53,635	57,270	245	150	95
Single responses	105,975	51,220	54,755	235	145	90
Official languages	74,505	36,080	38,420	220	135	90
English	30,335	14,890	15,445	215	125	85
French	44,165	21,195	22,975	5	5	5
Non-official languages	31,475	15,140	16,335	20	10	5
Aboriginal languages	155	50	105	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	55	15	35	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	50	15	35	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	5	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	90	30	60	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	80	25	55	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	0	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	31,320	15,090	16,235	20	15	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,250	1,690	1,560	0	0	0
Berber languages	545	285	255	0	0	0
Kabyle	330	175	155	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	210	110	100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	50	20	30	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,640	1,375	1,265	0	0	0
Amharic	55	25	35	0	0	0
Arabic	2,510	1,320	1,195	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	15	20	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	40	15	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	395	175	225	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	35	50	0	0	0
Vietnamese	315	140	175	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,040	400	640	0	0	0
Bikol	5	5	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	45	20	25	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	120	45	70	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	770	290	480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	535	245	285	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	460	210	255	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	200	90	105	0	0	0
Kannada	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	170	80	90	0	0	0
Telugu	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	19,125	9,275	9,850	20	10	10
Albanian	240	135	105	0	0	0
Armenian	75	35	35	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,910	1,835	2,070	5	0	0
Baltic languages	65	30	30	0	0	0
Latvian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages	3,845	1,810	2,035	5	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	440	225	220	0	0	0
Croatian	130	60	65	0	0	0
Czech	55	30	25	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Polish	960	425	535	5	0	0
Russian	1,650	770	880	0	0	0
Serbian	105	50	50	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	55	30	25	0	0	0
Slovak	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ukrainian	335	155	180	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	445	180	265	10	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	0	0	5	0
Dutch	65	30	40	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	335	135	205	5	5	0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,690	1,965	1,725	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	3,180	1,700	1,480	0	0	0
Bengali	500	255	245	0	0	0
Gujarati	325	165	165	0	0	0
Hindi	135	70	60	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,870	1,035	830	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Urdu	295	150	145	0	0	0
Iranian languages	480	250	230	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	450	235	220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,310	4,890	5,425	5	0	5
Catalan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italian	4,355	2,050	2,295	0	0	0
Portuguese	700	320	380	0	0	0
Romanian	1,635	810	820	0	0	0
Spanish	3,615	1,695	1,920	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	55	20	35	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Korean	275	120	160	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,530	750	790	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	90	40	50	0	0	0
Bamanankan	50	25	25	0	0	0
Edo	15	10	5	0	0	0
Ewe	15	15	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	145	70	75	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	25	15	5	0	0	0
Lingala	100	45	60	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	185	95	90	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	205	90	110	0	0	0
Shona	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	130	65	60	0	0	0
Wolof	110	60	50	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	15	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	410	195	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,230	1,985	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	4,230	1,980	2,250	0	0	0
Cantonese	1,030	490	545	0	0	0
Hakka	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,920	1,365	1,560	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	85	40	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	25	40	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	120	60	65	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	40	0	0	0
Lao	45	25	25	0	0	0
Thai	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	330	180	150	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	210	120	85	0	0	0
Uyghur	70	35	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	25	15	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	210	100	110	0	0	0
Estonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	5	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	180	90	90	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,935	2,415	2,520	5	0	0
English and French	1,925	915	1,010	5	0	0
English and non-official language	1,200	585	610	5	0	0
French and non-official language	1,205	605	600	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	605	310	300	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	110,915	53,640	57,270	245	145	95
Single responses	101,770	49,200	52,570	245	145	95
Official languages	83,450	40,405	43,050	240	145	90
English	38,255	18,645	19,610	240	145	95
French	45,200	21,755	23,440	5	0	0
Non-official languages	18,315	8,795	9,520	5	0	0
Aboriginal languages	65	15	45	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	35	10	20	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	35	10	20	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	30	10	25	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	5	20	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	18,250	8,775	9,475	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,400	705	695	0	0	0
Berber languages	215	110	100	0	0	0
Kabyle	160	85	75	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	25	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,150	575	570	0	0	0
Amharic	25	10	15	0	0	0
Arabic	1,085	545	540	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	5	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230	100	130	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	15	25	0	0	0
Vietnamese	185	85	105	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	430	190	240	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	15	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	330	140	190	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	195	85	105	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	160	75	90	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	140	65	75	0	0	0
Kannada	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	130	60	65	0	0	0
Telugu	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	11,160	5,350	5,805	0	0	0
Albanian	130	70	65	0	0	0
Armenian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,660	1,250	1,405	0	0	0
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,640	1,240	1,400	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	365	175	190	0	0	0
Croatian	75	30	50	0	0	0
Czech	20	15	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Polish	535	240	295	0	0	0
Russian	1,360	650	710	0	0	0
Serbian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	130	60	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	15	35	0	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	40	10	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	200	90	110	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,555	1,320	1,240	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,225	1,155	1,070	0	0	0
Bengali	360	180	175	0	0	0
Gujarati	200	95	100	0	0	0
Hindi	65	30	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	15	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,385	755	630	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	190	85	105	0	0	0
Iranian languages	315	150	165	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	300	145	160	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,530	2,600	2,935	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,645	720	930	0	0	0
Portuguese	360	160	195	0	0	0
Romanian	1,140	575	570	0	0	0
Spanish	2,380	1,145	1,240	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Korean	190	85	105	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	435	210	225	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	30	10	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	5	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	5	0	0	0
Lingala	15	10	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	25	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	35	40	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	55	35	25	0	0	0
Wolof	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	35	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	20	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,665	1,765	1,900	0	0	0
Chinese languages	3,665	1,765	1,900	0	0	0
Cantonese	835	405	425	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,635	1,260	1,375	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	25	30	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	45	40	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lao	25	15	15	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	195	105	95	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	125	65	55	0	0	0
Uyghur	45	25	25	0	0	0
Uzbek	20	10	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	80	30	45	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	75	35	45	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	9,145	4,440	4,705	0	5	0
English and French	2,480	1,200	1,280	0	0	0
English and non-official language	2,530	1,250	1,280	0	0	0
French and non-official language	2,735	1,290	1,445	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	1,400	695	705	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	110,910	53,640	57,275	240	150	95
None	80,270	38,755	41,510	235	145	90
English	10,085	5,010	5,075	5	0	0
French	9,515	4,655	4,860	0	0	0
Non-official language	8,250	3,880	4,365	5	5	0
Aboriginal	65	20	40	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	8,185	3,860	4,325	0	0	5
English and French	1,400	675	725	0	0	0
English and non-official language	565	265	300	0	0	0
French and non-official language	790	375	415	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	45	20	20	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	91,540	43,955	47,590	205	125	80
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,855	42,130	45,730	x	x	x
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,824	32,456	27,533	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,870	42,130	45,745	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,297	29,232	25,652	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	75,730	37,000	38,730	x	x	x
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,622	31,730	23,778	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	70,375	32,060	38,315	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,491	3,724	8,488	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	61,605	31,375	30,230	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,186	32,555	27,825	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	91,585	43,965	47,630	220	145	70
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	87,900	42,135	45,765	x	x	x
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,797	42,637	35,261	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	87,905	42,135	45,770	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,245	34,658	30,023	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	75,730	36,900	38,830	x	x	x
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,369	42,703	32,302	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,465	32,145	38,320	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,236	6,874	9,378	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	61,600	31,430	30,165	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,317	41,773	34,717	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	91,590	43,965	47,630	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	27,835	14,865	12,965	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	45,540	47,577	43,445	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,922	58,836	50,434	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	82.9	87.7	77.5	x	x	x
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	69.6	73.5	65.2	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	17.1	12.3	22.5	x	x	x
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	91,540	43,950	47,585	x	x	x
Without total income	3,680	1,830	1,855	x	x	x
With total income	87,855	42,125	45,730	x	x	x
Percentage with total income	96.0	95.8	96.1	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,980	6,290	6,690	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	17,000	7,145	9,860	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	14,160	6,155	8,005	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	11,830	5,640	6,190	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	9,745	4,695	5,055	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	6,665	3,350	3,310	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	4,515	2,375	2,140	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	3,325	1,720	1,605	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	2,185	1,235	955	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	1,430	890	540	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	4,020	2,635	1,390	x	x	x
$100,000 to $149,999	2,785	1,770	1,020	x	x	x
$150,000 and over	1,235	865	370	x	x	x
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	91,540	43,950	47,585	x	x	x
Without after-tax income	3,670	1,825	1,840	x	x	x
With after-tax income	87,870	42,130	45,745	x	x	x
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	95.9	96.1	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,320	6,370	6,945	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	17,815	7,560	10,260	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	17,130	7,745	9,380	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	14,925	7,200	7,725	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	9,940	4,915	5,025	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	5,985	3,060	2,925	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	3,535	1,945	1,585	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	1,875	1,130	745	x	x	x
$80,000 and over	3,350	2,200	1,155	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	1,105	680	430	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	690	450	240	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	1,555	1,070	490	x	x	x
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	91,540	43,955	47,590	x	x	x
Without employment income	29,940	12,580	17,355	x	x	x
With employment income	61,605	31,375	30,230	x	x	x
Percentage with employment income	67.3	71.4	63.5	x	x	x
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,190	4,035	4,150	x	x	x
$5,000 to $9,999	4,970	2,230	2,745	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	9,270	4,425	4,840	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	8,175	3,920	4,255	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	7,955	3,980	3,975	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	6,470	3,225	3,245	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	4,610	2,465	2,145	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	3,395	1,830	1,560	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	2,665	1,430	1,240	x	x	x
$80,000 and over	5,905	3,830	2,070	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	1,665	1,005	660	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	1,150	745	405	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	3,090	2,080	1,005	x	x	x
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	49,210	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	53,230	...	...	46,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	47,111	...	...	40,832	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	18,305	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,946	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,867	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	30,905	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,384	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	62,047	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	49,215	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	69,293	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,594	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	18,290	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,134	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,565	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	30,925	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,131	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,398	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	49,210	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	815	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,085	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,920	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,710	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,865	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,520	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,705	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,870	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,875	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,605	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,740	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,905	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,155	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,705	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,140	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,600	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,720	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,195	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,165	...	...	x	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,520	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	49,215	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	860	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,100	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,950	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,845	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,205	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,105	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,480	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,565	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,225	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,015	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,155	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,105	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,195	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,475	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,900	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,035	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,925	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,490	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,620	...	...	x	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	29,685	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,593	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	62,197	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	9,495	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,951	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	58,889	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	12,590	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,768	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	78,285	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,635	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,376	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,400	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	29,700	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,803	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,833	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	9,555	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,938	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,650	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	12,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,404	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,130	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,590	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,389	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,837	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	21,840	10,800	11,045	x	x	x
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,828	30,630	29,136	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,151	27,508	26,870	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	21,690	10,850	10,840	x	x	x
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,993	37,442	36,543	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,947	30,818	31,075	x	x	x
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	109,835	53,270	56,565	x	x	x
In the bottom half of the distribution	71,260	34,035	37,225	x	x	x
In the bottom decile	14,595	7,125	7,465	x	x	x
In the second decile	14,215	6,450	7,765	x	x	x
In the third decile	16,225	7,760	8,465	x	x	x
In the fourth decile	14,285	6,930	7,355	x	x	x
In the fifth decile	11,935	5,770	6,170	x	x	x
In the top half of the distribution	38,575	19,235	19,340	x	x	x
In the sixth decile	10,325	5,115	5,205	x	x	x
In the seventh decile	8,865	4,390	4,470	x	x	x
In the eighth decile	8,220	4,080	4,135	x	x	x
In the ninth decile	6,210	3,090	3,120	x	x	x
In the top decile	4,965	2,555	2,415	x	x	x
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	109,835	53,275	56,560	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	21,725	11,125	10,600	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	7,660	3,895	3,760	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	70,605	34,505	36,100	x	x	x
65 years and over	17,510	7,645	9,865	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	21,550	10,065	11,485	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	5,175	2,590	2,585	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	1,870	920	950	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	13,225	6,350	6,870	x	x	x
65 years and over	3,150	1,125	2,025	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.6	18.9	20.3	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	23.8	23.3	24.4	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	24.4	23.6	25.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	18.7	18.4	19.0	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	18.0	14.7	20.5	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	17,170	8,250	8,915	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	3,920	1,980	1,945	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	1,405	695	710	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	11,105	5,510	5,590	x	x	x
65 years and over	2,140	765	1,380	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	15.6	15.5	15.8	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	18.0	17.8	18.3	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	18.3	17.8	18.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	15.7	16.0	15.5	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	12.2	10.0	14.0	x	x	x
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	109,865	53,290	56,570	235	160	80
Official languages	107,505	52,335	55,175	235	155	80
English	85,685	42,530	43,150	240	160	80
French	88,485	43,010	45,470	20	15	0
Non-official languages	42,320	20,245	22,080	20	10	0
Aboriginal languages	215	75	145	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	65	30	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	30	30	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	10	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	145	35	110	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	140	35	110	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	42,100	20,165	21,940	20	15	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,695	2,440	2,255	0	0	0
Berber languages	685	365	325	0	0	0
Kabyle	440	240	200	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	250	120	125	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	65	30	35	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	4,320	2,235	2,080	0	0	0
Amharic	75	40	40	0	0	0
Arabic	4,060	2,120	1,935	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	165	70	90	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	40	15	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	425	165	260	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	35	50	0	0	0
Vietnamese	340	130	210	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,450	535	905	0	0	0
Bikol	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	45	20	20	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	30	10	20	0	0	0
Ilocano	170	60	110	0	0	0
Malagasy	30	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,340	490	855	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	1,260	585	675	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	85	35	50	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,105	510	595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	125	45	75	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	335	175	160	0	0	0
Kannada	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	310	160	150	0	0	0
Telugu	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	26,180	12,625	13,555	25	10	10
Albanian	330	200	125	0	0	0
Armenian	120	65	55	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,050	2,470	2,585	0	0	10
Baltic languages	85	40	40	0	0	0
Latvian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	4,990	2,430	2,555	0	0	0
Belarusan	45	20	30	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	450	240	210	0	0	0
Croatian	250	105	140	0	0	0
Czech	50	30	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	45	25	15	0	0	0
Polish	1,285	600	685	0	0	10
Russian	2,575	1,270	1,300	0	0	0
Serbian	205	105	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	70	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	45	30	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	505	220	280	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	955	395	555	15	15	0
Afrikaans	10	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	10	0	0	10	0
Dutch	75	35	45	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	810	335	475	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	40	25	25	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	690	320	375	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,290	2,310	1,980	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	3,705	2,005	1,700	0	0	0
Bengali	575	270	300	0	0	0
Gujarati	230	130	100	0	0	0
Hindi	990	560	430	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	10	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,355	1,330	1,030	0	0	0
Sindhi	20	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110	40	65	0	0	0
Urdu	325	170	155	0	0	0
Iranian languages	555	290	260	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	525	275	250	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15,955	7,430	8,525	0	0	0
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	6,565	3,085	3,480	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,055	530	525	0	0	0
Romanian	1,925	1,010	915	0	0	0
Spanish	7,415	3,280	4,135	10	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	130	70	60	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	220	100	110	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,780	1,355	1,420	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	95	65	35	0	0	0
Bamanankan	60	30	35	0	0	0
Edo	30	10	20	0	0	0
Ewe	80	55	35	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	275	135	140	0	0	0
Ga	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	50	30	20	0	0	0
Lingala	410	155	250	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	205	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	330	160	170	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swahili	435	220	220	0	0	0
Wolof	165	105	65	0	0	0
Yoruba	145	55	90	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	790	405	390	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	115	50	65	0	0	0
American Sign Language	40	10	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,895	2,295	2,595	0	0	0
Chinese languages	4,895	2,295	2,595	0	0	0
Cantonese	1,185	565	620	0	0	0
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,830	1,785	2,050	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	55	60	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	90	40	55	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	180	80	100	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	55	65	0	0	0
Lao	100	50	55	0	0	0
Thai	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	365	195	165	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	0	0	0
Turkish	230	120	110	0	0	0
Uyghur	105	50	55	0	0	0
Uzbek	50	25	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	285	120	165	0	0	0
Estonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	35	10	30	0	0	0
Hungarian	240	110	130	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	120	45	70	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	109,860	53,295	56,570	235	155	80
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	98,770	47,900	50,865	200	145	60
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,865	10,165	9,705	10	10	0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,900	37,740	41,160	195	135	55
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	11,095	5,395	5,700	35	15	25
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	109,865	53,295	56,570	235	160	75
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	73,775	36,005	37,770	165	125	40
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	34,480	16,375	18,110	45	25	20
Before 1981	7,645	3,535	4,110	20	15	10
1981 to 1990	3,445	1,735	1,715	10	0	10
1991 to 2000	5,890	2,720	3,170	10	10	0
2001 to 2010	10,465	4,995	5,470	10	10	0
2001 to 2005	4,760	2,305	2,460	10	10	0
2006 to 2010	5,705	2,690	3,010	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	7,035	3,395	3,640	10	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,605	915	695	25	0	20
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	34,485	16,375	18,110	50	30	20
Under 5 years	3,230	1,635	1,600	0	10	0
5 to 14 years	5,575	2,665	2,910	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	7,090	3,180	3,910	0	10	0
25 to 44 years	16,215	7,735	8,485	15	0	10
45 years and over	2,365	1,160	1,200	20	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	34,485	16,375	18,110	45	25	20
Americas	7,985	3,560	4,425	20	0	15
Brazil	210	90	120	0	0	0
Colombia	410	200	210	0	0	0
El Salvador	425	240	185	0	0	0
Guyana	320	120	195	0	0	0
Haiti	690	315	375	0	0	0
Jamaica	855	405	450	0	0	0
Mexico	520	205	315	0	0	0
Peru	325	125	205	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	580	255	320	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	530	260	270	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	3,115	1,330	1,785	10	0	0
Europe	9,480	4,535	4,940	30	20	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	95	45	45	0	0	0
Croatia	125	65	65	0	0	0
France	840	425	410	0	0	0
Germany	240	80	160	10	10	0
Greece	215	90	120	0	0	0
Hungary	85	30	55	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	40	25	15	0	0	0
Italy	2,325	1,080	1,240	0	0	0
Netherlands	35	15	20	0	0	0
Poland	745	350	390	0	0	10
Portugal	285	125	160	0	0	0
Romania	1,010	510	500	0	0	0
Russian Federation	510	245	260	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	110	65	45	0	0	0
Ukraine	370	170	205	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	620	330	285	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	1,850	880	970	10	0	0
Africa	7,440	3,720	3,715	0	0	0
Algeria	1,425	750	680	0	0	0
Egypt	280	155	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	70	40	35	0	0	0
Kenya	45	10	25	0	0	0
Morocco	1,105	550	555	0	0	0
Nigeria	255	125	130	0	0	0
Somalia	25	20	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	4,200	2,045	2,155	0	0	0
Asia	9,560	4,540	5,020	0	0	0
Afghanistan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Bangladesh	375	175	195	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,000	1,375	1,625	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	215	105	110	0	0	0
India	1,770	950	815	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	400	230	175	0	0	0
Iraq	25	10	15	0	0	0
Japan	35	10	25	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	150	65	85	0	0	0
Lebanon	240	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	180	105	75	0	0	0
Philippines	1,285	470	810	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	205	90	115	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	135	60	70	0	0	0
Taiwan	220	95	130	0	0	0
Viet Nam	330	140	185	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	985	515	470	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	25	20	10	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,030	3,390	3,640	0	0	0
Americas	1,440	680	760	0	0	0
Brazil	105	40	65	0	0	0
Colombia	175	70	100	0	0	0
Cuba	80	35	50	0	0	0
Haiti	165	90	80	0	0	0
Jamaica	55	40	15	0	0	0
Mexico	85	30	55	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	110	70	40	10	0	10
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	140	75	70	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	535	240	295	0	0	0
Europe	1,180	585	600	0	0	0
France	150	85	70	0	0	0
Germany	25	10	20	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	325	160	170	0	0	0
Romania	120	55	65	0	0	0
Russian Federation	95	50	50	0	0	0
Ukraine	110	50	55	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	25	20	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	320	155	165	0	0	0
Africa	2,555	1,245	1,305	0	0	0
Algeria	330	165	165	0	0	0
Cameroon	640	310	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	175	80	100	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	340	165	170	0	0	0
Egypt	50	30	20	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Morocco	205	85	120	0	0	0
Nigeria	135	70	70	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	55	20	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	605	310	295	0	0	0
Asia	1,850	885	970	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	10	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	15	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	810	375	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	10	10	0	0	0
India	385	200	190	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	75	45	35	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	10	0	0	0
Israel	15	15	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	35	10	25	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	55	30	25	0	0	0
Philippines	180	75	105	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	30	10	20	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	170	85	80	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	109,860	53,290	56,570	235	155	75
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	36,545	17,530	19,015	75	35	35
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	23,395	11,640	11,755	25	20	10
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	49,920	24,125	25,795	135	100	35
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	27,215	13,020	14,195	25	10	15
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	14,050	7,145	6,905	10	0	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	6,350	3,835	2,520	10	10	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	7,695	3,310	4,385	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	7,565	3,140	4,425	15	10	10
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,960	2,475	2,480	0	0	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	645	260	390	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	109,865	53,295	56,570	235	155	80
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,335	555	775	10	10	0
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,240	525	720	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	685	335	345	10	10	0
Métis	325	125	200	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	235	60	175	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	40	10	25	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	55	20	35	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	108,530	52,735	55,795	230	150	80
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	109,860	53,290	56,570	240	155	80
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	360	190	170	10	10	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	109,505	53,105	56,400	225	150	75
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	109,860	53,295	56,570	235	155	75
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	535	230	310	10	10	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	495	215	285	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	350	175	175	10	0	0
Métis single ancestry	50	20	25	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	95	15	85	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	40	15	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	35	15	20	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,470	1,070	1,410	10	0	0
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,415	1,035	1,375	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,995	880	1,120	0	0	0
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	295	120	175	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	40	80	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	60	30	35	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	25	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	10	25	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	106,855	52,000	54,855	225	145	80
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	109,860	53,290	56,570	235	160	80
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	36,700	17,590	19,110	10	0	10
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	4,635	2,435	2,200	0	0	0
Chinese	5,120	2,415	2,700	0	0	0
Black	15,280	7,110	8,170	10	10	10
Filipino	1,645	710	940	0	0	0
Latin American	3,520	1,670	1,850	0	0	0
Arab	3,515	1,865	1,650	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	770	335	435	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	545	280	270	0	0	0
Korean	280	140	140	0	0	0
Japanese	100	55	50	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	440	200	240	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	845	385	460	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	73,165	35,705	37,455	230	150	75
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	109,865	53,295	56,570	240	160	80
North American Aboriginal origins	3,010	1,295	1,715	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,445	1,100	1,350	10	15	0
Inuit	280	75	210	0	0	0
Métis	380	165	215	0	0	0
Other North American origins	37,980	18,305	19,680	60	35	25
Acadian	335	175	155	0	0	0
American	915	445	470	15	10	10
Canadian	35,545	17,010	18,540	40	30	10
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Québécois	1,880	1,030	845	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	52,015	25,325	26,690	205	130	70
British Isles origins	17,590	8,535	9,055	150	95	55
Channel Islander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	7,360	3,510	3,850	105	65	40
Irish	9,255	4,465	4,785	45	30	15
Manx	15	15	10	0	0	0
Scottish	5,865	2,740	3,125	70	30	35
Welsh	475	205	270	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,360	690	660	10	0	0
French origins	18,855	9,135	9,720	15	10	0
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	30	15	10	0	0	0
Corsican	50	40	15	0	0	0
French	18,790	9,090	9,705	15	10	10
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,320	1,965	2,355	70	40	30
Austrian	245	115	135	0	0	0
Bavarian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Belgian	595	275	325	10	10	0
Dutch	580	275	305	25	10	20
Flemish	40	15	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,875	1,300	1,575	35	30	10
Luxembourger	0	0	0	15	0	10
Swiss	305	140	165	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	740	350	390	10	10	0
Danish	205	120	85	10	10	0
Finnish	80	15	65	0	0	0
Icelandic	20	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	205	75	130	10	10	0
Swedish	220	125	95	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	40	25	20	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	9,235	4,570	4,660	10	0	0
Bulgarian	585	300	280	0	0	0
Byelorussian	125	55	75	0	0	0
Czech	140	80	60	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	30	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	575	280	295	0	0	0
Latvian	100	45	55	0	0	0
Lithuanian	210	95	115	0	0	0
Moldovan	615	280	335	0	0	0
Polish	2,765	1,310	1,460	0	0	0
Romanian	1,880	915	965	0	0	0
Russian	1,890	945	945	0	0	0
Slovak	130	75	60	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,005	985	1,020	10	10	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	40	30	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	15,385	7,515	7,870	25	20	10
Albanian	300	190	115	0	0	0
Bosnian	75	30	45	0	0	0
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	310	150	160	0	0	0
Cypriot	10	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	1,195	595	605	0	0	0
Italian	10,435	5,050	5,385	25	20	0
Kosovar	80	45	35	0	0	0
Macedonian	65	45	20	0	0	0
Maltese	50	40	10	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,450	720	730	0	0	0
Serbian	205	100	105	0	0	0
Sicilian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Slovenian	85	40	45	0	0	0
Spanish	2,160	1,020	1,145	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	100	60	35	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	575	295	285	0	0	0
Basque	35	15	10	0	0	0
Jewish	400	200	195	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	110	50	60	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	8,115	3,705	4,415	0	0	0
Antiguan	110	65	45	0	0	0
Bahamian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Barbadian	940	395	545	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Carib	55	25	30	0	0	0
Cuban	460	225	235	0	0	0
Dominican	335	155	180	0	0	0
Grenadian	365	140	230	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian	1,515	750	765	0	0	0
Jamaican	2,220	1,030	1,190	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Martinican	30	10	20	0	0	0
Montserratan	45	20	25	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	35	25	15	0	0	0
St. Lucian	110	35	70	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	875	380	495	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	990	395	590	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	825	325	500	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	355	165	185	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	4,650	2,195	2,455	10	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	195	70	125	0	0	0
Arawak	10	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	170	90	80	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	200	90	105	0	0	0
Chilean	355	145	210	10	10	0
Colombian	565	265	305	0	0	0
Costa Rican	30	10	15	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Guatemalan	160	65	85	0	0	0
Guyanese	370	205	165	0	0	0
Hispanic	75	30	45	0	0	0
Honduran	175	110	70	0	0	0
Maya	35	20	15	0	0	0
Mexican	810	335	470	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	55	25	30	0	0	0
Panamanian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Paraguayan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Peruvian	425	190	230	0	0	0
Salvadorean	615	315	300	0	0	0
Uruguayan	40	15	25	0	0	0
Venezuelan	385	185	205	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	220	115	105	0	0	0
African origins	12,080	5,875	6,205	10	10	0
Central and West African origins	4,305	2,110	2,190	0	0	0
Akan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	35	25	15	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	110	45	65	0	0	0
Burkinabe	55	30	25	0	0	0
Cameroonian	1,055	515	540	0	0	0
Chadian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Congolese	955	450	505	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	40	10	25	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	205	100	110	0	0	0
Guinean	270	145	125	0	0	0
Ibo	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ivorian	440	230	205	0	0	0
Liberian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Malian	95	40	55	0	0	0
Malinké	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	380	180	200	0	0	0
Peulh	185	100	85	0	0	0
Senegalese	140	70	70	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	145	70	75	0	0	0
Wolof	35	15	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	10	25	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	330	190	140	0	0	0
North African origins	4,160	2,105	2,055	0	0	0
Algerian	1,380	725	660	0	0	0
Berber	745	355	385	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	430	240	185	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	50	15	35	0	0	0
Moroccan	1,415	695	725	0	0	0
Sudanese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tunisian	285	135	150	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	75	45	30	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	1,415	675	740	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	110	65	40	0	0	0
Burundian	230	100	130	0	0	0
Djiboutian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Eritrean	45	15	25	0	0	0
Ethiopian	110	70	35	0	0	0
Harari	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	40	20	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	80	40	40	0	0	0
Mauritian	100	50	50	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	440	195	245	0	0	0
Seychellois	35	15	20	0	0	0
Somali	105	70	35	0	0	0
South African	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tanzanian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	65	15	45	0	0	0
Zulu	20	10	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	45	15	30	0	0	0
Other African origins	2,465	1,115	1,350	0	10	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	420	205	215	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,105	935	1,170	10	10	0
Asian origins	17,045	8,375	8,665	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,405	1,825	1,585	0	0	0
Afghan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	740	395	345	0	0	0
Armenian	230	120	115	0	0	0
Assyrian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	30	25	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	600	325	265	0	0	0
Iraqi	45	20	20	0	0	0
Israeli	60	30	35	0	0	0
Jordanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kazakh	30	20	10	0	0	0
Kurd	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	40	25	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	695	385	310	0	0	0
Palestinian	90	40	45	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Syrian	240	90	150	0	0	0
Tajik	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tatar	115	50	60	0	0	0
Turk	235	125	100	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	125	60	65	0	0	0
Uzbek	60	35	30	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	10	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	105	80	30	0	0	0
South Asian origins	5,150	2,625	2,530	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	385	175	210	0	0	0
Bengali	140	60	85	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	3,585	1,880	1,705	0	0	0
Goan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	45	20	25	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	300	160	140	0	0	0
Punjabi	555	325	235	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	290	135	155	0	0	0
Tamil	65	30	35	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	120	50	70	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	8,595	3,960	4,635	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	120	45	70	0	0	0
Chinese	5,645	2,635	3,010	0	0	0
Filipino	1,800	780	1,020	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	205	110	90	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	300	140	155	0	0	0
Laotian	140	70	70	0	0	0
Malaysian	65	35	25	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	140	80	60	0	0	0
Thai	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	460	190	275	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	75	45	35	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	75	45	30	0	0	0
Oceania origins	25	10	15	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	49,215	...	...	145	...	...
Owner	21,455	...	...	105	...	...
Renter	27,765	...	...	40	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	49,215	...	...	145	...	...
Condominium	7,695	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	41,525	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	49,215	...	...	145	...	...
No bedrooms	495	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	10,920	...	...	35	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,000	...	...	80	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,185	...	...	20	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,615	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	49,210	...	...	145	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	23,090	...	...	75	...	...
5 rooms	11,810	...	...	20	...	...
6 rooms	5,195	...	...	10	...	...
7 rooms	3,835	...	...	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,285	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	49,215	...	...	145	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,035	...	...	140	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,175	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	49,215	...	...	145	...	...
Suitable	45,635	...	...	140	...	...
Not suitable	3,580	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	49,215	...	...	145	...	...
1960 or before	17,140	...	...	25	...	...
1961 to 1980	19,030	...	...	30	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,130	...	...	25	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,350	...	...	40	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,470	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,385	...	...	15	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,720	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	49,215	...	...	145	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	45,285	...	...	120	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,925	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	49,215	...	...	145	...	...
1 household maintainer	33,050	...	...	100	...	...
2 household maintainers	15,325	...	...	45	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	845	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	49,215	...	...	145	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,385	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,835	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,045	...	...	15	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,200	...	...	15	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,725	...	...	45	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,795	...	...	45	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,990	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	1,240	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	49,140	...	...	x	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,505	...	...	x	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,630	...	...	x	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,130	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,450	...	...	105	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.0	...	...	38.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	20.7	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,169	...	...	385	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,242	...	...	700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	376,170	...	...	424,542	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	401,110	...	...	456,793	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,765	...	...	40	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	7.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.2	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	756	...	...	637	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	796	...	...	592	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	91,585	43,965	47,625	215	150	70
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,795	8,610	9,185	15	15	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	23,080	11,285	11,795	50	25	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,720	24,075	26,650	145	110	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,930	6,130	4,795	55	45	10
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	7,850	4,045	3,805	25	20	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,085	2,090	990	35	25	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	15,575	6,925	8,655	20	15	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,295	1,330	1,965	0	0	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	20,915	9,685	11,230	65	40	25
Bachelor's degree	13,380	6,015	7,365	30	25	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,965	910	1,050	20	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	390	185	200	0	0	0
Master's degree	4,405	2,120	2,280	20	10	15
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	780	455	325	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	61,180	29,775	31,405	125	75	50
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,655	4,060	3,600	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,575	6,960	6,620	35	15	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,945	18,755	21,190	80	60	25
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,255	4,450	3,805	25	20	0
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	6,025	2,975	3,045	10	10	0
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,235	1,475	760	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	11,265	5,080	6,190	15	10	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,490	1,015	1,475	10	0	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,930	8,205	9,725	40	20	20
Bachelor's degree	11,425	5,105	6,325	20	15	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,650	750	900	10	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	310	120	190	0	0	0
Master's degree	3,890	1,875	2,015	10	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	655	360	290	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	91,590	43,960	47,625	215	145	70
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	40,875	19,890	20,980	70	35	30
Education	3,005	695	2,315	15	10	0
13. Education	3,010	695	2,310	15	10	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,285	1,035	1,255	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	355	260	90	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,935	770	1,165	0	0	0
Humanities	2,890	1,100	1,795	10	10	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	625	120	505	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	330	135	200	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,085	470	615	0	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	60	55	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	90	60	0	10	0
54. History	275	125	150	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	300	90	210	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,075	2,155	3,920	10	0	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	30	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	625	265	365	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,170	140	1,030	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	830	300	530	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	125	20	105	0	0	0
42. Psychology	680	155	520	0	0	10
45. Social sciences	2,605	1,270	1,335	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	12,025	4,620	7,410	15	15	0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	385	110	280	0	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,630	4,505	7,125	15	15	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,225	1,160	1,065	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	825	315	515	15	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	455	240	215	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	150	75	75	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	670	460	205	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	65	50	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,790	1,865	925	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,270	1,650	625	0	0	0
25. Library science	210	20	190	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	275	180	95	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	10	20	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,955	8,655	1,300	45	45	0
04. Architecture and related services	425	240	190	0	0	0
14. Engineering	3,120	2,445	675	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,840	1,630	205	10	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,465	1,400	70	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,020	1,915	100	15	10	0
48. Precision production	1,090	1,025	60	10	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	505	285	215	10	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	300	170	135	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	120	80	0	10	0
Health and related fields	6,220	1,185	5,035	10	0	10
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	420	200	220	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	5,710	950	4,760	10	0	0
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	85	35	50	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,730	1,325	1,405	25	15	10
12. Personal and culinary services	1,645	400	1,245	20	15	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	425	330	95	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	650	580	70	10	0	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	61,175	29,770	31,410	130	75	50
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	21,230	11,020	10,215	40	20	20
Education	2,135	450	1,685	0	0	0
13. Education	2,135	455	1,685	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,745	775	970	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	170	75	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,510	610	900	0	0	0
Humanities	1,980	760	1,220	10	10	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	500	110	390	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	265	100	165	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	620	280	335	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	45	25	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	50	45	0	0	0
54. History	200	100	100	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	215	60	155	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,855	1,695	3,160	10	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	540	225	315	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	900	90	815	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	735	235	500	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	75	15	55	0	0	0
42. Psychology	505	125	385	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	2,070	1,005	1,065	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	9,915	3,735	6,180	15	0	0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	320	80	240	0	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,580	3,645	5,935	10	10	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,655	860	795	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	725	285	435	10	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	120	110	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	75	30	35	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	545	370	170	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,435	1,655	780	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,035	1,505	535	0	0	0
25. Library science	160	20	145	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	120	85	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,780	6,635	1,140	25	20	0
04. Architecture and related services	355	190	170	0	0	0
14. Engineering	2,765	2,140	630	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,385	1,230	155	10	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,065	1,020	50	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,440	1,355	80	0	0	0
48. Precision production	760	705	55	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	420	230	195	15	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	245	125	120	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	105	70	0	0	0
Health and related fields	4,880	910	3,970	10	0	10
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	345	150	195	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	4,475	745	3,730	0	0	0
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	15	40	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,140	1,045	1,090	15	0	10
12. Personal and culinary services	1,250	300	950	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	355	275	85	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	470	55	0	10	10
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	91,590	43,960	47,625	220	150	70
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,875	19,890	20,980	70	40	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	50,720	24,070	26,650	145	110	40
Location of study inside Canada	40,095	18,695	21,395	115	85	35
Same as province or territory of residence	38,430	17,940	20,490	65	40	20
Different than province or territory of residence	1,665	755	910	50	45	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	10,625	5,375	5,250	35	20	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	635	350	290	10	10	10
Philippines	545	175	375	0	0	0
India	390	190	200	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	365	210	150	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,220	585	635	0	0	0
France	725	445	285	0	0	0
Other	6,740	3,415	3,320	15	10	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	61,180	29,770	31,410	125	75	50
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,235	11,015	10,220	40	20	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	39,945	18,755	21,190	85	60	25
Location of study inside Canada	31,185	14,405	16,780	70	50	20
Same as province or territory of residence	29,940	13,850	16,095	40	20	15
Different than province or territory of residence	1,245	555	685	30	25	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	8,760	4,350	4,405	15	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	475	250	225	0	0	10
Philippines	395	120	280	0	0	0
India	310	135	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	180	95	85	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,095	525	575	0	0	0
France	605	375	235	0	0	0
Other	5,690	2,860	2,835	10	10	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	91,590	43,960	47,630	220	145	70
In the labour force	58,110	29,695	28,420	115	80	35
Employed	52,565	26,605	25,960	110	80	30
Unemployed	5,550	3,090	2,455	0	0	0
Not in the labour force	33,480	14,270	19,210	105	65	35
Participation rate	63.4	67.6	59.7	52.3	55.2	50.0
Employment rate	57.4	60.5	54.5	50.0	55.2	42.9
Unemployment rate	9.6	10.4	8.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	91,590	43,965	47,625	220	145	70
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	32,775	13,955	18,820	70	50	25
Worked	58,810	30,010	28,810	145	100	45
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	28,580	15,320	13,260	45	30	10
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	30,230	14,690	15,545	105	70	40
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.5	41.9	34.1	36.4	29.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	58,110	29,695	28,420	115	85	30
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,235	1,170	1,065	0	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	55,875	28,520	27,355	115	85	35
Employee	50,235	24,885	25,345	80	55	25
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	5,640	3,635	2,010	35	30	0
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	58,110	29,695	28,415	115	85	30
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,235	1,170	1,065	0	0	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	55,880	28,525	27,355	115	85	30
0 Management occupations	5,450	3,180	2,270	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,585	3,690	6,895	20	10	10
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,370	3,480	885	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	3,760	680	3,075	10	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,665	1,485	4,180	10	10	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,630	755	880	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	14,815	6,905	7,910	35	25	15
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,715	6,320	395	30	30	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	370	310	55	10	10	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,525	1,715	810	10	10	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	58,110	29,695	28,420	115	85	30
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	2,235	1,170	1,065	0	0	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	55,880	28,520	27,350	120	80	35
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	160	115	45	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	60	40	20	0	0	0
22 Utilities	190	120	75	0	0	0
23 Construction	2,260	1,965	300	20	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,695	3,915	1,780	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	3,295	1,960	1,325	0	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	6,035	2,860	3,175	10	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,720	3,425	1,285	10	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,590	870	720	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	2,400	915	1,490	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,075	620	460	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,545	2,545	2,005	10	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	135	45	85	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,330	2,075	1,250	0	0	0
61 Educational services	4,185	1,265	2,920	25	10	10
62 Health care and social assistance	6,890	1,345	5,540	10	0	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	905	480	425	15	10	10
72 Accommodation and food services	4,150	1,995	2,155	10	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,380	1,040	1,340	10	0	0
91 Public administration	1,875	930	945	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	52,565	26,605	25,960	115	85	25
Worked at home	2,855	1,465	1,390	15	10	0
Worked outside Canada	195	120	75	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	4,565	3,220	1,345	30	35	0
Worked at usual place	44,945	21,790	23,150	60	40	20
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	44,940	21,790	23,155	60	40	25
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,615	13,830	15,785	40	20	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,830	5,780	6,050	10	10	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,305	2,045	1,260	15	15	0
Commute to a different province or territory	195	135	60	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	49,510	25,015	24,500	95	75	25
Car, truck, van - as a driver	30,705	17,535	13,170	50	40	15
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,915	570	1,345	0	0	0
Public transit	13,380	5,285	8,095	0	0	0
Walked	2,575	1,025	1,545	10	0	0
Bicycle	500	395	110	0	0	0
Other method	440	210	230	35	30	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	49,515	25,010	24,500	95	75	20
Less than 15 minutes	9,220	4,655	4,565	60	40	15
15 to 29 minutes	17,060	8,955	8,105	15	10	0
30 to 44 minutes	11,700	6,280	5,415	15	10	10
45 to 59 minutes	5,910	2,580	3,335	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	5,620	2,545	3,075	10	10	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	49,510	25,010	24,495	95	70	20
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,095	2,155	940	10	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,395	4,750	3,645	20	15	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	15,120	6,750	8,375	20	10	10
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,595	4,270	5,325	30	25	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,515	2,560	2,950	15	20	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,785	4,530	3,260	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	61,065	31,120	29,945	145	100	45
Single responses	49,645	25,395	24,255	145	100	50
Official languages	48,920	25,060	23,855	150	100	45
English	21,645	11,185	10,460	150	100	50
French	27,270	13,875	13,395	0	0	0
Non-official languages	730	330	400	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	10	0	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	715	330	385	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	300	130	165	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	20	45	0	0	0
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	15	40	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	45	15	35	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	35	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	85	35	50	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	35	50	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	80	55	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Romanian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Spanish	85	45	45	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	360	180	180	0	0	0
Chinese languages	360	180	175	0	0	0
Cantonese	115	60	55	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	245	120	120	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	11,420	5,725	5,695	0	0	0
English and French	10,580	5,290	5,285	0	0	0
English and non-official language	340	185	155	0	0	0
French and non-official language	125	60	65	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	370	185	185	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	61,065	31,115	29,945	150	100	50
None	31,925	16,365	15,560	145	95	45
English	15,470	7,980	7,485	0	0	0
French	11,790	5,850	5,940	10	0	0
Non-official language	1,390	710	675	0	0	0
Aboriginal	40	10	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,350	700	650	0	0	0
English and French	35	0	25	0	0	0
English and non-official language	245	80	165	0	0	0
French and non-official language	210	115	95	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	108,675	52,725	55,955	240	155	80
Non-movers	94,650	45,830	48,820	180	125	55
Movers	14,020	6,890	7,135	60	35	25
Non-migrants	9,690	4,840	4,850	20	20	0
Migrants	4,330	2,050	2,280	35	10	20
Internal migrants	3,010	1,410	1,595	10	0	10
Intraprovincial migrants	2,545	1,200	1,345	10	10	0
Interprovincial migrants	460	210	250	0	0	0
External migrants	1,325	640	685	25	10	15
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	103,440	49,945	53,495	235	155	80
Non-movers	62,145	29,600	32,545	150	105	45
Movers	41,295	20,345	20,945	85	50	40
Non-migrants	26,650	13,115	13,540	35	30	10
Migrants	14,640	7,235	7,405	50	20	30
Internal migrants	8,230	3,990	4,235	25	15	0
Intraprovincial migrants	7,395	3,595	3,800	20	10	10
Interprovincial migrants	830	390	435	0	0	0
External migrants	6,415	3,240	3,170	30	10	25

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

x

area and data suppression

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Dorval--Lachine--LaSalle [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Alberni-Clayoquot A, RDA [Census subdivision], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Dorval--Lachine--LaSalle [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Alberni-Clayoquot A, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Dorval--Lachine--LaSalle [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Alberni-Clayoquot A, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Dorval--Lachine--LaSalle [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Alberni-Clayoquot A, Regional district electoral area [Census subdivision], British Columbia