Census Profile, 2016 Census
Pontiac [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Langham, Town [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Pontiac Quebec [Federal electoral district]			Langham, T Saskatchewan [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Pontiac [Federal electoral district], Quebec Map : Pontiac [Federal electoral district], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Langham, Town [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	115,531	...	...	1,496	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	106,499	...	...	1,290	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	8.5	...	...	16.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	61,435	...	...	568	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	46,523	...	...	542	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4.2	...	...	374.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	27,281.85	...	...	3.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	115,530	57,905	57,620	1,495	765	730
0 to 14 years	22,625	11,470	11,155	330	170	155
0 to 4 years	7,380	3,745	3,640	145	75	70
5 to 9 years	8,175	4,075	4,100	105	55	50
10 to 14 years	7,070	3,650	3,415	80	40	35
15 to 64 years	76,910	38,365	38,550	980	490	485
15 to 19 years	6,205	3,240	2,965	95	55	40
20 to 24 years	5,860	3,035	2,830	95	50	45
25 to 29 years	6,005	2,885	3,120	110	55	55
30 to 34 years	7,365	3,445	3,930	135	65	75
35 to 39 years	8,160	3,980	4,180	90	50	40
40 to 44 years	8,160	4,060	4,100	105	50	50
45 to 49 years	8,475	4,275	4,205	85	40	45
50 to 54 years	9,360	4,705	4,655	85	35	55
55 to 59 years	9,340	4,660	4,675	80	40	35
60 to 64 years	7,980	4,080	3,900	110	55	55
65 years and over	15,990	8,070	7,915	185	100	85
65 to 69 years	6,385	3,330	3,055	65	40	25
70 to 74 years	4,390	2,245	2,145	35	20	15
75 to 79 years	2,560	1,320	1,240	25	15	15
80 to 84 years	1,465	715	750	25	10	10
85 years and over	1,190	460	730	40	20	20
85 to 89 years	830	350	480	30	15	10
90 to 94 years	285	90	195	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	65	15	50	0	0	0
100 years and over	10	0	5	5	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	19.8	19.4	22.1	22.2	21.2
15 to 64 years	66.6	66.3	66.9	65.6	64.1	66.4
65 years and over	13.8	13.9	13.7	12.4	13.1	11.6
85 years and over	1.0	0.8	1.3	2.7	2.6	2.7
Average age of the population	39.5	39.5	39.6	36.7	36.1	37.3
Median age of the population	40.9	41.1	40.8	34.2	33.3	34.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	46,520	...	...	540	...	...
Single-detached house	34,525	...	...	485	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	65	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	11,710	...	...	50	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,835	...	...	15	...	...
Row house	1,575	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,520	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,640	...	...	25	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	215	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	46,520	...	...	545	...	...
1 person	11,760	...	...	100	...	...
2 persons	16,755	...	...	210	...	...
3 persons	7,395	...	...	85	...	...
4 persons	7,195	...	...	95	...	...
5 or more persons	3,410	...	...	50	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,725	...	...	1,425	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	92,900	46,440	46,465	1,170	590	575
Married or living common law	58,750	29,360	29,390	755	380	380
Married	39,260	19,625	19,635	630	315	315
Living common law	19,490	9,735	9,760	130	65	65
Not married and not living common law	34,155	17,080	17,075	405	210	195
Never married	23,055	12,695	10,365	250	145	105
Separated	1,635	790	840	30	15	15
Divorced	5,365	2,525	2,840	60	30	30
Widowed	4,100	1,070	3,030	65	25	45
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	34,175	...	...	425	...	...
2 persons	17,225	...	...	210	...	...
3 persons	7,270	...	...	85	...	...
4 persons	6,935	...	...	90	...	...
5 or more persons	2,740	...	...	45	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	34,170	...	...	430	...	...
Total couple families	29,060	...	...	370	...	...
Married couples	19,320	...	...	305	...	...
Common-law couples	9,740	...	...	65	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	5,110	...	...	60	...	...
Female parent	3,640	...	...	50	...	...
Male parent	1,470	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	29,060	...	...	365	...	...
Couples without children	14,120	...	...	180	...	...
Couples with children	14,940	...	...	190	...	...
1 child	5,730	...	...	70	...	...
2 children	6,560	...	...	80	...	...
3 or more children	2,650	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	5,110	...	...	60	...	...
1 child	3,105	...	...	35	...	...
2 children	1,545	...	...	15	...	...
3 or more children	465	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,165	8,305	7,865	160	95	65
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	46,525	...	...	540	...	...
One-census-family households	33,005	...	...	415	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	13,640	...	...	170	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	19,370	...	...	240	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	570	...	...	5	...	...
Non-census-family households	12,940	...	...	120	...	...
One-person households	11,760	...	...	105	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,185	...	...	15	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	115,085	57,735	57,350	1,460	750	710
English only	16,365	8,620	7,740	1,410	720	690
French only	30,215	14,290	15,925	0	0	0
English and French	68,215	34,685	33,535	50	30	20
Neither English nor French	290	140	145	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	115,085	57,730	57,350	1,460	750	710
English	29,970	15,155	14,815	1,450	740	710
French	82,340	41,215	41,130	10	5	5
English and French	2,505	1,235	1,270	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	265	135	135	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	31,220	15,770	15,450	10	10	5
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	27.1	27.3	26.9	0.7	1.3	0.7
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	115,085	57,735	57,350	1,460	750	710
Single responses	112,210	56,310	55,905	1,450	750	700
Official languages	104,830	52,820	52,015	1,345	695	650
English	26,250	13,365	12,885	1,335	690	645
French	78,585	39,450	39,130	10	5	5
Non-official languages	7,380	3,490	3,890	100	45	55
Aboriginal languages	505	230	275	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	490	220	275	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	220	100	120	5	5	5
Atikamekw	10	0	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	10	20	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	0	0	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	165	80	90	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	265	120	145	0	0	0
Algonquin	260	115	145	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	5	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	0	5	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	10	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,870	3,260	3,615	90	45	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,595	810	785	0	0	0
Berber languages	85	45	35	0	0	0
Kabyle	40	25	15	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	65	25	35	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	60	30	35	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,445	730	715	0	0	0
Amharic	10	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	1,430	720	710	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	50	70	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	30	0	0	0
Vietnamese	70	30	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	70	20	55	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	5	5	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	5	40	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	190	85	100	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	165	75	85	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	25	10	10	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,780	1,780	2,000	85	40	40
Albanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	865	400	460	20	5	15
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	850	390	450	20	5	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	50	25	20	0	0	0
Croatian	55	30	30	0	0	0
Czech	35	20	20	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	130	50	80	5	0	0
Russian	220	90	130	10	0	5
Serbian	150	90	60	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	25	30	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	480	200	280	60	35	25
Afrikaans	5	5	5	10	5	5
Danish	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	100	40	60	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	5	0	0	0
German	335	135	195	50	30	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	15	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	240	120	120	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	80	40	45	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	25	15	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	155	85	75	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	5	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	140	75	70	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,110	1,015	1,095	5	0	0
Catalan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	125	70	50	0	5	0
Portuguese	595	300	295	0	0	0
Romanian	360	175	185	5	0	0
Spanish	1,025	460	560	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	5	20	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	15	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	530	245	285	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lingala	30	20	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	55	70	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	40	65	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	35	20	15	0	0	0
Wolof	65	25	40	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	50	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	385	180	205	0	0	0
Chinese languages	390	180	205	0	0	0
Cantonese	65	35	30	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	275	125	145	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Lao	15	5	10	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	25	20	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	20	15	5	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,870	1,420	1,450	10	5	5
English and French	1,960	975	985	5	0	5
English and non-official language	245	125	125	5	0	10
French and non-official language	510	250	260	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	155	75	80	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	115,085	57,730	57,350	1,460	750	710
Single responses	111,250	55,890	55,360	1,455	745	705
Official languages	107,855	54,250	53,605	1,430	735	695
English	30,730	15,630	15,100	1,430	735	695
French	77,120	38,620	38,500	5	0	0
Non-official languages	3,395	1,640	1,755	25	10	15
Aboriginal languages	235	110	125	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	230	105	130	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	165	75	85	0	0	0
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	5	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	65	25	45	0	0	0
Algonquin	70	25	40	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	5	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,160	1,530	1,630	20	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	875	425	455	0	0	0
Berber languages	50	25	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	35	15	15	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	795	385	410	0	0	0
Amharic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Arabic	790	380	410	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	5	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,735	845	895	20	10	10
Albanian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Armenian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	500	240	255	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	495	240	255	0	5	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Croatian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	20	0	0	0
Russian	165	75	90	0	0	0
Serbian	125	70	50	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	35	40	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	0	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	25	25	10	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	105	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	80	40	40	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,030	505	525	5	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	180	95	80	0	0	0
Romanian	215	105	110	0	0	0
Spanish	610	295	320	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	90	45	50	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lingala	10	5	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	15	10	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	275	140	135	0	0	0
Chinese languages	275	140	135	0	0	0
Cantonese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	225	115	110	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	0	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5	5	0	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,835	1,840	1,990	5	5	0
English and French	2,145	1,040	1,105	5	0	0
English and non-official language	525	260	265	5	5	0
French and non-official language	780	355	425	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	390	185	205	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	115,080	57,730	57,350	1,460	750	710
None	89,920	45,425	44,495	1,410	730	680
English	14,105	7,005	7,100	10	5	5
French	7,440	3,640	3,805	5	0	5
Non-official language	2,705	1,235	1,470	35	10	20
Aboriginal	230	95	135	5	5	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,470	1,135	1,335	30	10	20
English and French	305	145	155	0	0	0
English and non-official language	355	165	190	0	0	0
French and non-official language	245	110	135	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	92,120	46,110	46,005	1,095	555	540
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	88,670	44,335	44,340	1,045	520	525
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,323	42,552	36,118	43,221	56,704	32,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	88,700	44,335	44,360	1,045	515	525
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,099	36,407	31,770	37,998	48,000	29,325
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	78,950	39,995	38,955	990	505	480
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,619	41,344	34,092	41,600	56,448	29,611
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	64,175	29,780	34,395	630	235	390
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,467	6,925	7,815	5,056	4,816	5,104
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	66,050	33,870	32,170	885	455	430
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,392	41,075	35,922	43,499	57,600	31,072
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	92,135	46,025	46,110	1,075	550	530
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	88,730	44,215	44,520	1,025	505	515
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,842	51,602	44,107	48,503	60,961	36,272
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	88,750	44,220	44,535	1,025	505	515
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,624	41,095	36,171	40,633	49,640	31,789
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	79,160	39,870	39,285	960	485	480
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,528	51,031	41,957	46,644	60,172	32,877
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	64,040	29,620	34,420	620	235	385
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,778	8,332	9,162	7,441	6,918	7,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	66,145	33,720	32,420	860	440	420
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,161	49,805	42,371	48,416	62,133	34,098
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	92,135	46,025	46,110	1,075	550	530
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	32,260	16,900	15,355	445	260	180
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	59,149	61,502	56,305	55,518	63,417	46,180
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	63,452	66,783	59,787	62,663	71,952	49,248
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.6	89.1	83.7	91.0	94.6	84.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.8	73.2	70.2	83.9	88.2	76.2
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.4	10.9	16.4	9.0	5.4	15.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	92,120	46,115	46,005	1,095	555	540
Without total income	3,450	1,780	1,665	50	35	15
With total income	88,670	44,335	44,335	1,040	520	520
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.1	96.4	95.0	93.7	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,370	4,840	5,530	110	40	70
$10,000 to $19,999	14,210	6,355	7,860	105	25	80
$20,000 to $29,999	10,835	5,120	5,710	135	45	95
$30,000 to $39,999	9,505	4,620	4,890	125	45	80
$40,000 to $49,999	8,965	4,530	4,435	115	50	70
$50,000 to $59,999	7,965	4,035	3,930	125	70	50
$60,000 to $69,999	6,995	3,535	3,455	90	60	30
$70,000 to $79,999	5,495	2,795	2,700	55	35	20
$80,000 to $89,999	4,190	2,235	1,950	50	40	10
$90,000 to $99,999	3,055	1,680	1,380	30	25	10
$100,000 and over	7,075	4,585	2,495	90	80	10
$100,000 to $149,999	5,540	3,510	2,030	75	60	10
$150,000 and over	1,535	1,070	465	20	15	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	92,120	46,115	46,000	1,090	555	540
Without after-tax income	3,420	1,780	1,645	50	35	15
With after-tax income	88,700	44,335	44,360	1,040	520	525
Percentage with after-tax income	96.3	96.1	96.4	95.4	93.7	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,835	4,960	5,875	110	45	70
$10,000 to $19,999	14,980	6,750	8,230	110	30	80
$20,000 to $29,999	13,230	6,330	6,900	170	60	120
$30,000 to $39,999	12,655	6,355	6,305	160	70	90
$40,000 to $49,999	11,470	5,895	5,575	155	80	70
$50,000 to $59,999	9,165	4,655	4,505	125	75	45
$60,000 to $69,999	6,565	3,400	3,160	70	50	15
$70,000 to $79,999	4,165	2,335	1,825	60	40	10
$80,000 and over	5,635	3,645	1,995	85	75	10
$80,000 to $89,999	2,335	1,465	875	35	30	5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,195	750	445	30	20	5
$100,000 and over	2,105	1,430	675	25	25	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	92,115	46,115	46,000	1,095	555	540
Without employment income	26,070	12,240	13,830	205	100	110
With employment income	66,045	33,875	32,175	885	460	430
Percentage with employment income	71.7	73.5	69.9	80.8	82.9	79.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,855	4,065	3,790	85	35	50
$5,000 to $9,999	4,670	2,100	2,570	55	20	40
$10,000 to $19,999	8,440	4,075	4,370	90	35	60
$20,000 to $29,999	6,760	3,280	3,480	90	30	55
$30,000 to $39,999	6,270	3,070	3,200	90	20	65
$40,000 to $49,999	5,865	2,855	3,010	95	45	55
$50,000 to $59,999	5,685	2,805	2,880	90	60	40
$60,000 to $69,999	5,185	2,600	2,585	75	45	30
$70,000 to $79,999	4,210	2,140	2,070	40	30	15
$80,000 and over	11,095	6,875	4,220	170	140	20
$80,000 to $89,999	3,325	1,860	1,465	55	40	5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,430	1,440	985	30	25	10
$100,000 and over	5,340	3,570	1,775	80	75	5
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	46,525	...	...	540	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,990	...	...	90,965	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	64,140	...	...	79,019	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	11,760	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,068	...	...	42,880	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,893	...	...	37,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	34,765	...	...	440	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,589	...	...	99,328	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,070	...	...	83,968	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	46,510	...	...	525	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	91,270	...	...	93,865	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	73,700	...	...	78,634	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,785	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,448	...	...	43,014	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,873	...	...	36,869	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	34,725	...	...	435	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	106,824	...	...	104,692	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,201	...	...	87,527	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	46,525	...	...	545	...	...
Under $5,000	495	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	585	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,175	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,825	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,760	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,580	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,875	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,760	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,765	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,795	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,385	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,405	...	...	35	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,010	...	...	35	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,865	...	...	40	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,540	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,700	...	...	230	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,425	...	...	100	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,965	...	...	55	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,600	...	...	55	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,715	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	46,520	...	...	540	...	...
Under $5,000	535	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	595	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,190	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,925	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,900	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,845	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,310	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,300	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,255	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,235	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,450	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,065	...	...	45	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,605	...	...	55	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,250	...	...	70	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,765	...	...	50	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,300	...	...	145	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,270	...	...	85	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,080	...	...	35	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,945	...	...	25	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	34,005	...	...	430	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,861	...	...	99,072	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,139	...	...	83,712	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	13,355	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,728	...	...	92,672	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,838	...	...	79,872	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	15,035	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,027	...	...	112,981	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,335	...	...	95,232	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,845	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,553	...	...	49,344	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,795	...	...	45,184	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	33,970	...	...	420	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	107,011	...	...	105,457	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,240	...	...	88,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	13,275	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	93,233	...	...	90,646	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,694	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	15,070	...	...	210	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	133,512	...	...	126,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	107,064	...	...	104,699	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,875	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,054	...	...	62,276	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,677	...	...	53,144	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	14,160	7,430	6,730	135	75	60
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,376	34,341	32,305	39,872	56,192	28,992
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,786	30,453	29,216	34,176	46,976	28,160
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	14,175	7,350	6,830	125	55	65
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	43,007	43,404	42,579	41,643	53,272	31,917
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,138	35,317	34,945	35,698	44,034	28,727
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	114,725	57,575	57,150	1,425	725	695
In the bottom half of the distribution	52,620	26,125	26,495	580	285	300
In the bottom decile	8,635	4,405	4,230	75	35	40
In the second decile	10,265	4,995	5,275	100	40	60
In the third decile	10,510	5,135	5,375	100	50	50
In the fourth decile	11,160	5,505	5,660	125	60	70
In the fifth decile	12,050	6,090	5,955	185	90	90
In the top half of the distribution	62,105	31,450	30,650	840	445	395
In the sixth decile	12,760	6,450	6,310	195	100	100
In the seventh decile	13,445	6,750	6,695	205	105	95
In the eighth decile	14,195	7,135	7,060	195	95	95
In the ninth decile	13,230	6,755	6,470	165	95	70
In the top decile	8,470	4,355	4,115	85	45	35
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	113,510	56,965	56,545	1,420	725	695
0 to 17 years	26,060	13,245	12,810	385	210	175
0 to 5 years	8,855	4,480	4,375	165	90	75
18 to 64 years	72,190	35,905	36,285	890	435	455
65 years and over	15,260	7,815	7,450	150	80	65
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,150	6,525	6,615	125	60	65
0 to 17 years	2,840	1,490	1,350	50	30	20
0 to 5 years	950	515	435	15	10	5
18 to 64 years	7,645	3,795	3,850	65	30	35
65 years and over	2,670	1,245	1,425	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	11.5	11.7	8.8	8.3	9.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	11.2	10.5	13.0	14.3	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7	11.5	9.9	9.1	11.1	6.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	7.3	6.9	7.7
65 years and over (%)	17.5	15.9	19.1	10.0	6.3	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,420	2,835	2,585	50	30	20
0 to 17 years	1,130	590	545	20	10	10
0 to 5 years	395	215	180	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	4,000	2,110	1,890	25	10	15
65 years and over	290	135	155	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.8	5.0	4.6	3.5	4.1	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.5	4.3	5.2	4.8	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.8	4.1	3.0	5.6	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	5.9	5.2	2.8	2.3	3.3
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.7	2.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	114,790	57,570	57,220	1,425	705	720
Official languages	114,490	57,440	57,050	1,420	705	720
English	84,570	43,275	41,295	1,420	700	720
French	98,020	48,880	49,145	15	10	10
Non-official languages	13,605	6,225	7,380	100	50	50
Aboriginal languages	815	335	485	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	795	325	470	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	280	100	180	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	45	15	30	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	235	85	145	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	20	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	490	210	280	0	0	0
Algonquin	465	205	265	0	0	0
Ojibway	25	10	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,795	5,895	6,900	100	50	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,705	1,340	1,365	0	0	0
Berber languages	175	80	85	0	0	0
Kabyle	85	30	55	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	55	35	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	85	40	45	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,535	1,275	1,260	0	0	0
Amharic	45	15	30	0	0	0
Arabic	2,465	1,245	1,220	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	20	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	75	90	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	35	35	0	0	0
Vietnamese	100	45	55	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145	50	90	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	40	15	25	0	0	0
Malay	25	20	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	15	60	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	490	210	275	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	460	200	260	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	20	10	10	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,640	3,455	4,180	95	50	45
Albanian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,045	515	535	10	0	10
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,025	500	520	10	0	0
Belarusan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Croatian	80	45	35	0	0	0
Czech	60	30	35	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Polish	150	50	105	0	0	0
Russian	390	200	195	0	0	0
Serbian	140	80	65	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Slovak	50	10	35	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	95	45	50	0	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	10	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	995	480	515	85	45	40
Afrikaans	35	15	20	30	15	20
Danish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Dutch	105	50	60	15	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	825	415	410	45	25	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	65	55	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	285	125	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	125	50	75	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	65	25	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	10	20	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	55	25	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	170	85	85	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	20	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	160	75	90	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,580	2,455	3,125	20	15	0
Catalan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Italian	495	250	245	0	0	0
Portuguese	810	375	435	0	0	0
Romanian	500	245	250	0	0	0
Spanish	4,100	1,715	2,385	20	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	65	30	35	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,165	550	615	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	105	50	60	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	25	20	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	35	30	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	235	125	105	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	185	75	105	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	130	55	75	0	0	0
Shona	20	15	10	0	0	0
Swahili	170	85	90	0	0	0
Wolof	160	65	95	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	20	30	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	255	150	105	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	145	60	85	0	0	0
American Sign Language	40	0	35	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	50	15	30	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	70	45	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	420	210	205	0	0	0
Chinese languages	415	205	205	0	0	0
Cantonese	95	55	35	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	275	130	145	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	30	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lao	45	15	25	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	50	30	20	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkish	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	65	25	35	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	10	10	0	0
Hungarian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	114,790	57,570	57,215	1,420	705	720
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	112,790	56,625	56,165	1,390	685	705
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,240	13,420	12,815	400	190	200
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,550	43,205	43,345	990	490	505
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,995	945	1,055	30	20	10
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	114,790	57,570	57,215	1,425	700	720
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	105,560	53,110	52,445	1,355	670	690
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	9,010	4,360	4,650	45	25	20
Before 1981	1,790	940	850	10	10	0
1981 to 1990	995	485	515	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	1,715	830	885	30	10	15
2001 to 2010	3,175	1,485	1,685	10	0	0
2001 to 2005	1,570	725	845	0	0	0
2006 to 2010	1,605	765	845	10	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,335	625	710	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	220	100	115	25	10	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	9,010	4,360	4,650	45	25	20
Under 5 years	1,220	550	670	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	1,595	775	825	10	10	10
15 to 24 years	1,630	760	870	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	4,195	2,110	2,085	20	10	10
45 years and over	370	170	200	10	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,010	4,360	4,650	45	25	20
Americas	1,895	865	1,030	10	0	0
Brazil	70	40	30	0	0	0
Colombia	320	140	175	0	0	0
El Salvador	50	30	20	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	345	150	195	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	10	20	0	0	0
Mexico	115	40	70	0	0	0
Peru	60	30	35	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	465	230	235	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	425	185	235	0	0	0
Europe	3,030	1,585	1,440	30	15	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	180	115	70	0	0	0
Croatia	30	15	15	0	0	0
France	650	350	300	0	0	0
Germany	205	100	105	0	0	0
Greece	15	15	0	0	0	0
Hungary	15	10	15	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	25	0	0	0	0
Italy	60	35	25	0	0	0
Netherlands	75	50	30	0	0	0
Poland	90	30	60	0	0	0
Portugal	220	120	95	0	0	0
Romania	370	185	185	0	0	0
Russian Federation	115	50	65	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	10	20	0	0	0
Ukraine	45	20	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	440	220	225	25	15	10
Other places of birth in Europe	465	255	210	0	0	0
Africa	2,380	1,175	1,205	10	10	0
Algeria	220	105	115	0	0	0
Egypt	70	50	25	0	0	0
Ethiopia	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kenya	25	10	20	0	0	0
Morocco	395	195	205	0	0	0
Nigeria	60	25	35	0	0	0
Somalia	20	0	10	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	20	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,520	760	765	0	0	0
Asia	1,670	715	955	0	0	0
Afghanistan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	275	85	195	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	10	15	0	0	0
India	25	10	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	125	65	65	0	0	0
Iraq	40	15	30	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lebanon	600	290	310	0	0	0
Pakistan	20	10	0	0	0	0
Philippines	80	15	65	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	25	10	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	35	25	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	70	40	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	275	120	155	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	40	20	20	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,335	620	710	0	0	0
Americas	295	165	135	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	70	45	30	0	0	0
Cuba	40	15	30	0	0	0
Haiti	90	50	40	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	20	0	15	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	55	40	10	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	15	0	0	0
Europe	330	160	170	0	0	0
France	70	40	25	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Romania	60	20	40	0	0	0
Russian Federation	50	15	35	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	105	65	45	0	0	0
Africa	520	220	300	0	0	0
Algeria	30	10	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	65	30	35	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	15	10	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	40	15	25	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	50	20	30	0	0	0
Nigeria	40	15	25	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	235	100	135	0	0	0
Asia	190	80	110	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	35	15	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	45	20	20	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	10	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	45	20	25	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	15	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	25	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	114,785	57,570	57,220	1,420	705	720
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	9,815	4,765	5,050	65	35	30
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	9,465	4,685	4,780	140	70	70
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	95,505	48,120	47,385	1,215	600	615
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	7,350	3,495	3,860	35	15	20
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	3,880	1,970	1,910	35	15	20
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,740	1,095	650	10	10	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	2,140	875	1,265	25	10	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,070	825	1,250	0	0	0
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,300	665	635	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	95	30	65	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	114,785	57,570	57,215	1,420	700	715
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	10,835	5,580	5,250	160	85	70
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	10,430	5,355	5,075	160	90	75
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	4,170	2,110	2,055	55	30	30
Métis	6,190	3,210	2,985	100	60	45
Inuk (Inuit)	65	35	30	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	175	95	75	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	230	135	100	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	103,955	51,990	51,965	1,260	615	645
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	114,785	57,570	57,220	1,420	705	715
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	3,265	1,730	1,535	45	25	25
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	111,525	55,845	55,680	1,380	680	695
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	114,785	57,570	57,220	1,420	705	720
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	4,220	2,180	2,040	20	15	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	4,080	2,130	1,950	20	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,855	1,490	1,370	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	1,175	620	560	15	10	0
Inuit single ancestry	45	20	25	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	145	55	85	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	145	60	85	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	10,625	5,210	5,410	155	80	80
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	10,240	4,995	5,245	160	80	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,805	3,295	3,510	80	40	40
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,350	1,665	1,685	75	40	40
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	40	50	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	380	220	165	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	355	205	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	99,940	50,175	49,770	1,240	610	630
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	114,790	57,570	57,220	1,425	700	715
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	8,590	4,060	4,525	0	0	0
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	215	115	105	0	0	0
Chinese	565	235	340	0	0	0
Black	3,645	1,710	1,940	0	0	0
Filipino	110	45	65	0	0	0
Latin American	970	450	520	0	0	0
Arab	2,055	1,045	1,005	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	285	130	160	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	235	120	110	0	0	0
Korean	75	30	40	0	0	0
Japanese	80	25	55	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	125	55	65	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	225	110	120	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	106,200	53,510	52,690	1,425	705	720
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	114,790	57,575	57,215	1,425	705	720
North American Aboriginal origins	14,850	7,395	7,450	180	95	85
First Nations (North American Indian)	10,175	5,050	5,125	90	40	45
Inuit	165	70	90	0	0	0
Métis	5,045	2,555	2,490	95	50	40
Other North American origins	68,455	34,445	34,000	315	150	165
Acadian	460	235	225	0	0	0
American	720	360	360	50	15	35
Canadian	66,655	33,525	33,130	285	145	140
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	45	25	15	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	50	30	20	0	0	0
Québécois	1,315	640	680	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	57,360	28,745	28,620	1,300	625	675
British Isles origins	26,895	13,235	13,660	610	325	280
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	10	0	0	0	0
English	9,960	4,970	4,990	320	160	160
Irish	16,505	8,020	8,490	260	135	125
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	9,285	4,460	4,825	240	130	105
Welsh	510	270	235	30	25	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,225	645	580	30	15	20
French origins	34,495	17,270	17,220	235	115	125
Alsatian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Breton	140	90	45	0	0	0
Corsican	0	10	0	0	0	0
French	34,420	17,225	17,190	240	115	130
Western European origins (except French origins)	7,505	3,670	3,830	770	370	400
Austrian	195	90	105	10	10	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	530	250	275	15	10	10
Dutch	1,280	585	695	150	85	65
Flemish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5,405	2,670	2,735	670	315	360
Luxembourger	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swiss	415	205	210	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,000	485	520	240	85	150
Danish	325	190	140	0	0	0
Finnish	180	75	100	25	15	0
Icelandic	35	20	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	225	105	120	110	30	80
Swedish	230	105	130	145	45	95
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	75	25	50	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	4,380	2,130	2,245	415	170	245
Bulgarian	125	55	70	0	0	0
Byelorussian	60	30	30	0	0	0
Czech	110	30	75	10	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	70	35	40	15	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	380	160	220	30	15	20
Latvian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	90	50	40	0	0	0
Moldovan	40	30	10	0	0	0
Polish	2,010	940	1,070	80	25	55
Romanian	590	295	295	0	0	10
Russian	645	345	300	110	50	55
Slovak	120	55	65	0	0	0
Ukrainian	835	430	410	275	115	160
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	4,735	2,280	2,450	50	30	25
Albanian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	55	30	25	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	155	85	70	0	10	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	255	125	120	0	0	0
Italian	2,045	970	1,075	30	15	15
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,320	630	690	10	10	0
Serbian	190	105	90	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Spanish	855	420	435	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	65	30	35	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	395	215	185	0	0	0
Basque	35	10	25	0	0	0
Jewish	165	80	85	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	190	120	70	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	1,260	605	650	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	195	95	100	0	0	0
Dominican	55	25	35	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian	780	365	415	0	0	0
Jamaican	155	90	70	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,430	695	735	15	10	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	100	60	40	10	10	0
Chilean	120	65	60	0	0	0
Colombian	390	180	210	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hispanic	15	10	0	0	0	0
Honduran	15	0	10	0	0	0
Maya	25	20	10	0	0	0
Mexican	285	155	130	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	60	20	40	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	95	40	55	0	0	0
Salvadorean	125	55	75	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	90	35	55	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	15	10	10	0	0	0
African origins	4,290	2,075	2,220	0	10	0
Central and West African origins	1,570	710	855	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	80	20	60	0	0	0
Burkinabe	35	10	20	0	0	0
Cameroonian	230	100	125	0	0	0
Chadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	510	265	245	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Guinean	70	30	35	0	0	0
Ibo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	125	60	60	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	160	65	90	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	85	20	60	10	0	0
Peulh	30	10	20	0	0	0
Senegalese	160	55	105	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	75	40	35	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	15	35	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	170	85	85	0	0	0
North African origins	1,355	685	675	0	0	0
Algerian	175	75	100	0	0	0
Berber	250	105	145	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	175	120	55	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	640	315	325	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	150	80	65	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	70	30	40	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	880	405	475	0	0	0
Afrikaner	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	25	10	15	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	20	30	0	0	0
Burundian	265	130	130	0	0	0
Djiboutian	80	40	45	0	0	0
Eritrean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ethiopian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	70	10	55	0	0	0
Mauritian	30	25	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	160	75	85	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	45	15	30	0	0	0
South African	40	10	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	20	10	15	0	0	0
Zulu	15	10	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	60	30	25	0	0	0
Other African origins	605	330	275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	80	45	35	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	545	295	250	0	0	0
Asian origins	4,185	1,995	2,185	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,495	1,260	1,240	0	0	0
Afghan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	305	170	130	0	0	0
Armenian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Assyrian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	30	15	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	200	95	110	0	0	0
Iraqi	50	30	25	0	0	0
Israeli	25	15	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	50	10	45	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,545	775	770	0	0	0
Palestinian	55	10	50	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	85	50	30	0	0	0
Tajik	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turk	105	55	50	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	70	35	35	0	0	0
South Asian origins	310	155	150	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	270	135	135	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	35	15	20	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tamil	25	15	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	20	10	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,405	595	815	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	45	45	0	0	0
Chinese	810	345	470	0	0	0
Filipino	165	60	105	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	100	35	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	40	75	0	0	0
Laotian	70	35	40	0	0	0
Malaysian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	145	70	75	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	85	30	55	10	0	0
Australian	55	10	40	10	0	10
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	25	15	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	46,510	...	...	530	...	...
Owner	37,805	...	...	445	...	...
Renter	8,670	...	...	85	...	...
Band housing	35	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	46,515	...	...	530	...	...
Condominium	3,815	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	42,690	...	...	515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	46,515	...	...	530	...	...
No bedrooms	35	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	3,255	...	...	20	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,315	...	...	95	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,750	...	...	180	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,165	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	46,515	...	...	530	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,010	...	...	50	...	...
5 rooms	7,855	...	...	95	...	...
6 rooms	7,905	...	...	80	...	...
7 rooms	6,565	...	...	55	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,175	...	...	250	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	46,510	...	...	525	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,270	...	...	520	...	...
More than 1 person per room	240	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	46,515	...	...	525	...	...
Suitable	45,365	...	...	520	...	...
Not suitable	1,140	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	46,510	...	...	530	...	...
1960 or before	6,925	...	...	75	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,615	...	...	245	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,325	...	...	45	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,760	...	...	30	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,275	...	...	20	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,440	...	...	50	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	5,165	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	46,515	...	...	525	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	43,070	...	...	500	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,440	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	46,515	...	...	530	...	...
1 household maintainer	25,540	...	...	280	...	...
2 household maintainers	20,510	...	...	250	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	465	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	46,515	...	...	525	...	...
15 to 24 years	980	...	...	35	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,345	...	...	115	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,045	...	...	120	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,260	...	...	60	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,955	...	...	90	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,705	...	...	70	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,590	...	...	35	...	...
85 years and over	630	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	45,470	...	...	525	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,225	...	...	425	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,245	...	...	100	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,335	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,905	...	...	440	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.8	...	...	71.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.3	...	...	15.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,070	...	...	1,327	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,165	...	...	1,340	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	265,968	...	...	299,335	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	285,104	...	...	282,164	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,595	...	...	85	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	31.6	...	...	35.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	766	...	...	1,157	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	796	...	...	1,214	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	92,140	46,025	46,115	1,075	550	525
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,115	11,105	8,010	200	120	80
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	19,175	9,290	9,880	290	140	155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,850	25,625	28,220	585	295	295
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,730	7,760	4,965	155	110	45
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	8,450	4,390	4,060	50	20	30
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,280	3,375	910	100	90	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,170	7,580	9,585	265	100	165
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,525	1,010	1,515	25	10	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	21,425	9,275	12,150	145	70	70
Bachelor's degree	13,620	5,460	8,160	125	55	70
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,515	640	870	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	435	235	205	0	0	0
Master's degree	4,965	2,375	2,590	15	10	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	885	560	325	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	64,655	31,865	32,785	750	355	395
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,150	5,755	3,395	65	35	35
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	11,930	5,795	6,135	205	100	115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,575	20,320	23,260	475	225	250
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,050	5,945	4,105	120	80	40
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	6,725	3,360	3,370	45	20	25
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,325	2,585	735	75	65	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,225	5,900	7,320	225	90	140
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,940	765	1,175	0	0	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	18,365	7,710	10,655	125	55	70
Bachelor's degree	11,620	4,575	7,050	110	50	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,260	510	750	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	355	165	190	0	0	0
Master's degree	4,405	2,035	2,370	10	10	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	725	425	295	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	92,140	46,025	46,115	1,075	550	525
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	38,290	20,395	17,890	485	255	235
Education	3,750	915	2,840	50	30	20
13. Education	3,750	915	2,840	55	30	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,590	650	940	15	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280	190	90	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,310	460	845	10	0	10
Humanities	2,925	1,115	1,810	15	10	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	545	125	420	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	285	90	190	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,135	415	725	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	0	15	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	100	45	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	105	65	10	0	10
54. History	320	190	135	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	305	85	220	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,850	2,415	4,430	30	0	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	15	85	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	755	270	480	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	45	865	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	1,135	390	740	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	150	20	130	0	0	0
42. Psychology	900	195	710	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	2,905	1,480	1,430	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	12,645	4,290	8,355	100	25	80
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	20	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,070	305	760	20	0	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,560	3,970	7,590	75	20	60
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,775	900	875	20	0	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	740	295	445	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	320	165	155	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	165	90	75	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	455	305	155	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	55	35	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,610	1,695	910	35	25	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,060	1,495	555	25	15	10
25. Library science	275	40	230	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	250	130	115	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	30	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,900	9,215	685	145	145	0
04. Architecture and related services	390	250	140	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,580	1,315	270	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,820	1,680	140	25	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,780	2,720	60	50	55	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,105	2,065	40	45	40	0
48. Precision production	1,215	1,175	40	20	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,420	985	430	40	35	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	600	380	220	20	20	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	815	605	210	15	20	0
Health and related fields	6,430	1,180	5,250	105	15	90
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	500	250	250	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	5,825	875	4,945	100	15	85
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	105	50	60	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,955	2,260	1,690	45	15	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,955	570	1,385	35	0	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	15	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,200	965	240	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	745	680	65	10	0	0
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	64,660	31,865	32,790	750	360	395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	21,080	11,550	9,530	275	135	145
Education	2,630	600	2,030	25	10	15
13. Education	2,630	595	2,030	25	10	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,310	540	765	10	0	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	140	70	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,105	400	700	10	0	0
Humanities	1,910	715	1,195	15	10	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	440	100	340	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	160	45	115	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	610	240	370	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	80	40	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	50	35	10	0	10
54. History	255	145	110	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	215	50	165	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,745	1,950	3,800	25	0	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	15	65	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	660	245	420	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	795	35	765	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	960	295	660	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	115	15	95	0	0	0
42. Psychology	765	135	630	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	2,360	1,200	1,160	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	10,800	3,540	7,255	80	15	60
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	930	265	665	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,855	3,270	6,585	65	20	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,290	635	655	20	0	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	645	255	390	15	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	115	90	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	25	15	15	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	340	210	130	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	40	35	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,355	1,545	810	35	25	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,910	1,385	520	25	15	10
25. Library science	225	35	190	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	200	95	100	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	20	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,780	7,200	580	115	110	0
04. Architecture and related services	320	190	130	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,380	1,140	240	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,460	1,350	110	25	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,050	2,010	45	40	40	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,650	1,625	30	35	35	0
48. Precision production	910	885	25	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,210	810	400	35	35	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	500	300	205	15	15	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	705	510	195	15	15	0
Health and related fields	5,365	990	4,380	90	15	75
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	445	220	230	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	4,825	730	4,095	80	15	70
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	95	40	55	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,185	1,795	1,385	40	10	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,565	460	1,105	35	10	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	20	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	990	765	225	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	570	525	45	0	0	0
Other	0	10	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	92,140	46,025	46,115	1,080	550	525
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,290	20,400	17,890	490	255	235
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	53,850	25,630	28,225	590	295	295
Location of study inside Canada	50,680	24,050	26,630	565	275	290
Same as province or territory of residence	32,255	15,175	17,075	480	235	245
Different than province or territory of residence	18,425	8,875	9,555	85	35	45
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,170	1,575	1,595	25	20	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	475	240	235	0	10	0
Philippines	35	0	35	0	0	0
India	10	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	260	125	135	15	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	75	30	45	0	0	0
France	480	300	185	0	0	0
Other	1,825	870	955	10	10	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	64,655	31,865	32,790	750	355	395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,080	11,545	9,535	280	130	140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	43,575	20,315	23,260	475	225	250
Location of study inside Canada	40,950	19,065	21,880	465	220	245
Same as province or territory of residence	26,140	12,020	14,120	400	195	205
Different than province or territory of residence	14,810	7,050	7,765	65	30	40
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,630	1,250	1,380	10	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	340	145	190	0	0	0
Philippines	35	0	35	0	0	0
India	10	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	160	75	80	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	70	30	40	0	0	0
France	395	235	150	0	0	0
Other	1,620	750	865	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	92,140	46,025	46,115	1,075	550	530
In the labour force	61,935	31,985	29,945	820	420	400
Employed	57,775	29,360	28,410	760	390	375
Unemployed	4,160	2,625	1,540	60	35	25
Not in the labour force	30,205	14,040	16,165	260	130	130
Participation rate	67.2	69.5	64.9	76.3	76.4	75.5
Employment rate	62.7	63.8	61.6	70.7	70.9	70.8
Unemployment rate	6.7	8.2	5.1	7.3	8.3	6.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	92,140	46,025	46,115	1,075	550	530
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	28,025	13,055	14,965	230	115	115
Worked	64,115	32,965	31,150	845	430	415
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	33,150	17,485	15,670	450	270	180
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	30,965	15,480	15,480	400	165	235
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.0	43.1	42.8	44.8	40.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	61,935	31,985	29,945	820	425	400
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,175	645	525	10	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	60,765	31,340	29,420	815	420	395
Employee	52,730	26,160	26,565	730	380	350
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	8,035	5,180	2,860	85	35	50
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	61,935	31,985	29,950	820	425	395
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,170	645	525	10	0	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	60,765	31,340	29,425	815	425	395
0 Management occupations	7,120	4,310	2,810	60	30	30
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,605	3,425	8,180	135	45	95
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,280	3,255	1,025	55	50	0
3 Health occupations	3,855	735	3,125	80	10	70
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,365	2,930	6,435	75	25	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,720	675	1,050	25	10	15
6 Sales and service occupations	11,475	5,385	6,090	130	35	100
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,935	8,530	405	190	180	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,245	1,110	140	35	25	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,155	995	155	30	20	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	61,935	31,985	29,950	820	420	400
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,170	645	525	10	0	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	60,765	31,340	29,425	820	425	395
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,430	1,095	330	60	35	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	200	190	10	30	30	0
22 Utilities	360	295	65	10	10	0
23 Construction	5,670	5,195	485	120	105	10
31-33 Manufacturing	2,135	1,700	430	40	30	10
41 Wholesale trade	895	640	255	65	50	15
44-45 Retail trade	6,215	3,295	2,920	50	20	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,145	1,605	535	55	45	10
51 Information and cultural industries	1,120	635	480	20	0	15
52 Finance and insurance	1,490	550	935	15	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	855	555	300	10	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,110	1,800	1,310	40	10	35
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,300	1,555	750	20	10	0
61 Educational services	4,745	1,380	3,370	50	15	30
62 Health care and social assistance	7,165	1,240	5,925	135	25	110
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,560	810	750	10	0	15
72 Accommodation and food services	3,010	1,180	1,830	45	10	40
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,480	1,160	1,320	20	10	15
91 Public administration	13,855	6,455	7,405	40	15	25
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	57,770	29,365	28,410	760	390	375
Worked at home	4,285	2,245	2,035	60	20	35
Worked outside Canada	130	75	55	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	6,380	5,215	1,165	85	80	10
Worked at usual place	46,975	21,825	25,145	610	285	330
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	46,980	21,825	25,150	615	285	330
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,370	6,280	8,085	120	45	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,815	1,995	2,820	455	215	245
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,925	5,080	5,835	35	25	0
Commute to a different province or territory	16,870	8,470	8,405	10	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	53,355	27,045	26,315	705	365	335
Car, truck, van - as a driver	43,315	22,945	20,370	610	325	280
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,280	1,045	2,230	25	10	15
Public transit	4,375	1,760	2,610	10	0	10
Walked	1,265	535	735	55	25	30
Bicycle	635	470	160	0	0	0
Other method	490	285	205	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	53,355	27,040	26,315	700	365	335
Less than 15 minutes	10,300	4,725	5,575	140	60	80
15 to 29 minutes	16,180	8,040	8,145	220	115	110
30 to 44 minutes	14,070	7,145	6,920	260	135	120
45 to 59 minutes	6,925	3,720	3,205	50	30	25
60 minutes and over	5,885	3,415	2,470	30	25	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	53,355	27,045	26,315	700	365	340
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,415	3,195	1,220	50	40	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,135	7,600	5,530	225	125	100
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	17,595	7,970	9,620	245	125	120
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,020	3,810	5,210	95	20	70
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,500	1,415	2,090	35	25	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,695	3,055	2,635	55	30	25
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	65,730	33,765	31,965	855	440	420
Single responses	60,030	31,100	28,935	855	440	420
Official languages	59,900	31,045	28,855	855	435	420
English	25,430	14,100	11,335	850	430	415
French	34,470	16,950	17,515	10	0	0
Non-official languages	130	50	80	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	0	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	70	25	45	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	15	40	0	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	15	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	30	10	20	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5,700	2,670	3,030	0	0	0
English and French	5,555	2,595	2,955	0	0	0
English and non-official language	65	20	45	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	70	45	25	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	65,730	33,770	31,965	855	435	420
None	33,945	17,820	16,130	850	430	420
English	18,060	8,775	9,280	10	0	0
French	13,065	6,850	6,215	0	0	0
Non-official language	455	205	250	0	0	0
Aboriginal	95	15	80	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	360	190	170	0	0	0
English and French	10	0	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	70	35	40	0	0	0
French and non-official language	120	70	50	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	113,355	56,895	56,460	1,390	695	695
Non-movers	101,405	51,105	50,305	1,255	630	630
Movers	11,950	5,790	6,155	135	70	65
Non-migrants	5,990	2,930	3,060	50	30	20
Migrants	5,955	2,865	3,095	85	40	45
Internal migrants	5,550	2,695	2,860	80	40	45
Intraprovincial migrants	3,930	1,845	2,085	70	30	35
Interprovincial migrants	1,625	850	770	10	0	0
External migrants	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	107,410	53,810	53,600	1,295	660	635
Non-movers	72,295	36,680	35,615	755	385	370
Movers	35,120	17,135	17,980	535	275	265
Non-migrants	17,225	8,405	8,820	120	70	55
Migrants	17,895	8,725	9,165	420	205	210
Internal migrants	16,360	8,045	8,310	395	195	200
Intraprovincial migrants	12,065	5,870	6,195	355	175	185
Interprovincial migrants	4,290	2,175	2,115	40	25	20
External migrants	1,535	680	855	20	10	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Pontiac [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Langham, T [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Pontiac [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Langham, Town [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan

Census Profile, 2016 Census Pontiac [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Langham, Town [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Pontiac [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Langham, Town [Census subdivision], Saskatchewan