Census Profile, 2016 Census
Québec [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Ayr [Population centre], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Québec Quebec [Federal electoral district]			Ayr Ontario [Population centre]
	Data quality , Québec [Federal electoral district], Quebec Map : Québec [Federal electoral district], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Ayr [Population centre], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	97,143	...	...	4,171	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	96,525	...	...	3,909^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.6	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	57,750	...	...	1,439	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	53,000	...	...	1,433	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,810.8	...	...	1,185.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	34.56	...	...	3.52	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	97,145	46,885	50,260	4,175	2,105	2,070
0 to 14 years	9,850	4,945	4,905	900	475	425
0 to 4 years	3,705	1,860	1,840	260	125	130
5 to 9 years	3,375	1,685	1,690	320	185	135
10 to 14 years	2,775	1,400	1,375	320	165	160
15 to 64 years	64,110	32,595	31,510	2,830	1,415	1,415
15 to 19 years	3,145	1,565	1,580	310	155	155
20 to 24 years	6,745	3,220	3,530	255	135	120
25 to 29 years	9,270	4,595	4,680	180	90	95
30 to 34 years	7,715	4,105	3,610	265	130	135
35 to 39 years	6,665	3,600	3,070	285	135	150
40 to 44 years	4,935	2,610	2,325	325	160	165
45 to 49 years	4,835	2,540	2,295	310	165	145
50 to 54 years	6,160	3,235	2,930	375	185	180
55 to 59 years	7,225	3,575	3,655	320	150	170
60 to 64 years	7,405	3,555	3,850	210	115	95
65 years and over	23,190	9,345	13,845	445	215	225
65 to 69 years	6,760	3,230	3,530	165	85	80
70 to 74 years	5,180	2,270	2,910	125	55	70
75 to 79 years	3,830	1,555	2,275	70	40	35
80 to 84 years	3,210	1,150	2,065	45	20	25
85 years and over	4,210	1,145	3,075	40	10	25
85 to 89 years	2,460	740	1,720	25	10	15
90 to 94 years	1,315	330	990	10	5	5
95 to 99 years	380	60	315	0	0	0
100 years and over	60	10	50	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.1	10.5	9.8	21.6	22.6	20.5
15 to 64 years	66.0	69.5	62.7	67.8	67.2	68.4
65 years and over	23.9	19.9	27.5	10.7	10.2	10.9
85 years and over	4.3	2.4	6.1	1.0	0.5	1.2
Average age of the population	45.7	43.9	47.5	37.0	36.6	37.4
Median age of the population	45.3	42.6	48.2	38.1	37.5	38.5
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	53,000	...	...	1,430	...	...
Single-detached house	4,345	...	...	1,170	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	8,710	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	39,930	...	...	265	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,715	...	...	100	...	...
Row house	1,175	...	...	20	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,710	...	...	20	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	32,750	...	...	115	...	...
Other single-attached house	585	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	5	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	53,000	...	...	1,435	...	...
1 person	27,640	...	...	220	...	...
2 persons	16,855	...	...	445	...	...
3 persons	4,585	...	...	260	...	...
4 persons	2,820	...	...	335	...	...
5 or more persons	1,095	...	...	175	...	...
Number of persons in private households	92,365	...	...	4,165	...	...
Average household size	1.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	87,290	41,935	45,355	3,270	1,630	1,640
Married or living common law	38,800	19,555	19,240	2,245	1,125	1,120
Married	19,115	9,565	9,545	1,970	985	990
Living common law	19,685	9,990	9,690	270	135	135
Not married and not living common law	48,495	22,385	26,110	1,025	510	520
Never married	33,165	17,715	15,445	730	395	340
Separated	1,325	600	720	75	40	30
Divorced	7,465	2,790	4,675	125	50	75
Widowed	6,545	1,275	5,270	100	20	80
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	22,435	...	...	1,230	...	...
2 persons	15,005	...	...	485	...	...
3 persons	3,890	...	...	270	...	...
4 persons	2,620	...	...	330	...	...
5 or more persons	920	...	...	145	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	22,435	...	...	1,230	...	...
Total couple families	18,615	...	...	1,120	...	...
Married couples	8,785	...	...	980	...	...
Common-law couples	9,830	...	...	135	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	3,815	...	...	110	...	...
Female parent	2,890	...	...	85	...	...
Male parent	920	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	18,615	...	...	1,120	...	...
Couples without children	12,420	...	...	435	...	...
Couples with children	6,200	...	...	685	...	...
1 child	2,915	...	...	225	...	...
2 children	2,430	...	...	320	...	...
3 or more children	850	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	3,815	...	...	110	...	...
1 child	2,590	...	...	50	...	...
2 children	975	...	...	45	...	...
3 or more children	255	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	35,260	17,045	18,215	310	155	155
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	53,000	...	...	1,430	...	...
One-census-family households	22,205	...	...	1,165	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	12,320	...	...	410	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	9,885	...	...	755	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	115	...	...	30	...	...
Non-census-family households	30,685	...	...	235	...	...
One-person households	27,645	...	...	215	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	3,040	...	...	15	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	93,970	45,780	48,190	4,165	2,100	2,070
English only	430	240	185	3,970	2,020	1,945
French only	49,385	21,910	27,475	0	0	0
English and French	43,675	23,425	20,250	195	80	115
Neither English nor French	480	200	280	0	0	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	93,970	45,780	48,190	4,165	2,100	2,070
English	2,255	1,165	1,095	4,130	2,085	2,050
French	90,010	43,730	46,280	30	15	15
English and French	1,235	690	545	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	465	195	275	5	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	2,875	1,510	1,365	30	20	15
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.1	3.3	2.8	0.7	1.0	0.7
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	93,970	45,780	48,190	4,165	2,100	2,070
Single responses	92,655	45,100	47,560	4,140	2,090	2,055
Official languages	86,535	42,090	44,445	3,935	1,990	1,945
English	1,820	945	880	3,900	1,975	1,925
French	84,710	41,145	43,565	35	20	20
Non-official languages	6,120	3,010	3,110	205	100	110
Aboriginal languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	45	15	30	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,070	2,990	3,075	210	100	105
Afro-Asiatic languages	920	530	390	0	0	5
Berber languages	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kabyle	50	35	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	785	455	325	0	0	0
Amharic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	770	450	320	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	145	165	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	50	55	0	0	0
Vietnamese	210	95	115	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	40	50	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	40	20	20	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	20	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	80	40	40	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	40	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	5	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,510	1,690	1,820	185	90	95
Albanian	15	5	5	5	0	5
Armenian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	440	190	250	25	5	20
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Latvian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	440	185	250	25	10	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	90	40	45	0	0	0
Bulgarian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	5	5	0	0
Czech	10	5	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	60	20	40	10	5	10
Russian	125	50	75	0	5	0
Serbian	45	20	20	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0	5	0
Slovak	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	160	80	80	85	35	45
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	5	0	5	0
Dutch	25	15	10	30	10	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	105	55	50	45	25	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	10	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	680	335	345	10	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages	460	235	225	0	0	0
Bengali	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hindi	20	15	5	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	400	205	200	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	140	70	70	10	5	5
Kurdish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	130	60	65	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,195	1,065	1,130	50	30	25
Catalan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	145	90	60	15	5	5
Portuguese	285	140	145	30	15	10
Romanian	145	60	80	10	0	5
Spanish	1,610	770	840	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	50	15	30	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	655	320	335	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	15	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	45	15	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	60	80	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	20	40	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	165	80	80	0	0	0
Wolof	45	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	80	70	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	295	140	155	10	5	5
Chinese languages	255	120	140	10	5	5
Cantonese	40	20	20	5	5	5
Hakka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	185	80	100	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Burmese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	25	35	0	0	0
Lao	35	25	15	0	0	0
Thai	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	15	10	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,315	685	635	25	10	15
English and French	570	310	265	5	0	5
English and non-official language	75	30	45	15	10	10
French and non-official language	600	305	300	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	65	40	25	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	93,970	45,780	48,190	4,170	2,100	2,070
Single responses	91,925	44,780	47,140	4,140	2,090	2,055
Official languages	88,690	43,230	45,460	4,110	2,075	2,035
English	1,560	815	740	4,105	2,075	2,030
French	87,135	42,415	44,720	0	0	5
Non-official languages	3,230	1,545	1,680	35	10	25
Aboriginal languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,205	1,540	1,665	35	15	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	315	170	150	0	0	0
Berber languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	10	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	265	140	120	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	255	140	115	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	65	90	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	120	50	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,165	1,035	1,125	30	10	15
Albanian	5	0	5	0	0	5
Armenian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	105	120	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	220	95	120	5	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	10	0	0	0
Russian	75	40	40	5	0	0
Serbian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	20	10	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	0	10	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	10	15	5	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	575	280	300	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	415	205	205	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	395	200	195	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	90	45	45	5	0	5
Kurdish	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	80	40	40	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	70	25	45	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,315	630	680	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	40	20	20	5	0	0
Portuguese	180	95	90	0	0	0
Romanian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Spanish	1,025	485	540	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	30	10	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	190	90	105	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	20	10	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	25	35	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	40	25	20	0	0	0
Wolof	15	5	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	105	115	5	5	0
Chinese languages	190	90	100	5	0	5
Cantonese	25	15	10	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	145	75	70	0	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Burmese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Lao	20	5	10	0	0	0
Thai	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,045	1,000	1,050	25	10	10
English and French	620	335	285	0	0	0
English and non-official language	70	30	40	20	10	15
French and non-official language	1,195	545	650	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	160	85	75	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	93,970	45,785	48,185	4,165	2,100	2,070
None	84,525	40,805	43,715	4,025	2,040	1,985
English	4,700	2,605	2,100	25	15	10
French	2,150	1,055	1,090	40	10	30
Non-official language	2,155	1,095	1,065	80	40	35
Aboriginal	25	5	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,135	1,085	1,050	80	45	35
English and French	115	60	50	0	0	0
English and non-official language	245	120	130	0	0	0
French and non-official language	70	35	40	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	10	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	82,535	40,200	42,340	3,270	1,625	1,640
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	81,210	39,595	41,620	3,160	1,580	1,580
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,812	35,259	30,567	46,165	59,187	35,968
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	81,225	39,595	41,635	3,160	1,580	1,580
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,320	31,031	27,692	40,565	49,749	31,776
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	72,215	35,470	36,745	3,035	1,530	1,500
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,299	33,842	26,890	43,797	57,835	32,179
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	65,470	30,800	34,665	1,980	845	1,130
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,849	4,834	8,189	3,014	746	4,128
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	56,575	29,345	27,235	2,675	1,380	1,295
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,074	31,973	28,069	45,875	59,216	34,112
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	82,585	40,170	42,415	3,250	1,635	1,615
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	81,240	39,540	41,695	3,155	1,590	1,565
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,832	44,289	37,555	54,757	65,902	43,429
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	81,240	39,540	41,695	3,155	1,590	1,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,911	36,244	31,699	45,447	53,709	37,048
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	72,440	35,565	36,875	3,040	1,545	1,490
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,536	43,069	34,164	52,329	64,184	40,055
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	65,525	30,735	34,785	1,965	855	1,110
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,023	7,141	8,803	6,977	6,510	7,339
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	56,615	29,335	27,280	2,600	1,355	1,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,283	39,946	34,420	53,343	64,436	41,308
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	82,590	40,170	42,415	3,250	1,635	1,615
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	24,705	13,385	11,325	1,475	875	605
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	44,350	47,079	42,224	69,677	74,668	56,680
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	52,212	55,382	48,465	72,728	80,836	60,941
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.2	87.6	80.4	93.2	95.4	88.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	63.6	66.6	60.2	81.9	84.5	77.5
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.8	12.4	19.6	6.9	4.3	11.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	82,535	40,195	42,340	3,265	1,625	1,640
Without total income	1,325	605	720	110	50	60
With total income	81,215	39,595	41,620	3,160	1,580	1,580
Percentage with total income	98.4	98.5	98.3	96.8	97.2	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,080	3,965	4,110	375	150	225
$10,000 to $19,999	16,195	7,095	9,095	385	135	245
$20,000 to $29,999	13,000	5,760	7,245	340	130	210
$30,000 to $39,999	11,735	5,570	6,165	290	110	185
$40,000 to $49,999	9,915	4,765	5,150	315	135	180
$50,000 to $59,999	7,150	3,690	3,455	270	150	120
$60,000 to $69,999	4,660	2,550	2,105	240	140	100
$70,000 to $79,999	3,425	1,905	1,525	200	120	75
$80,000 to $89,999	2,075	1,155	920	190	110	80
$90,000 to $99,999	1,255	795	465	165	90	75
$100,000 and over	3,720	2,345	1,380	400	310	85
$100,000 to $149,999	2,490	1,520	970	295	230	65
$150,000 and over	1,230	820	410	105	85	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	82,540	40,195	42,340	3,265	1,625	1,640
Without after-tax income	1,310	600	710	110	50	60
With after-tax income	81,230	39,595	41,635	3,160	1,580	1,580
Percentage with after-tax income	98.4	98.5	98.3	96.8	97.2	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,530	4,055	4,475	380	155	230
$10,000 to $19,999	16,895	7,490	9,405	405	145	265
$20,000 to $29,999	16,275	7,455	8,820	405	155	250
$30,000 to $39,999	14,850	7,090	7,760	370	150	225
$40,000 to $49,999	10,310	5,220	5,095	380	200	185
$50,000 to $59,999	6,110	3,375	2,740	320	185	135
$60,000 to $69,999	3,375	1,840	1,540	270	155	110
$70,000 to $79,999	1,685	1,030	655	250	150	100
$80,000 and over	3,185	2,035	1,155	380	290	90
$80,000 to $89,999	1,000	610	395	145	105	45
$90,000 to $99,999	600	375	225	80	65	20
$100,000 and over	1,590	1,050	535	150	120	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	82,535	40,195	42,340	3,270	1,625	1,640
Without employment income	25,960	10,855	15,105	595	245	350
With employment income	56,575	29,345	27,235	2,675	1,385	1,295
Percentage with employment income	68.5	73.0	64.3	81.8	85.2	79.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,180	3,805	3,375	295	135	165
$5,000 to $9,999	4,470	1,990	2,480	205	90	115
$10,000 to $19,999	8,830	4,245	4,580	285	110	175
$20,000 to $29,999	7,750	3,835	3,920	205	75	130
$30,000 to $39,999	7,460	3,825	3,635	225	80	145
$40,000 to $49,999	6,150	3,095	3,050	215	95	125
$50,000 to $59,999	4,375	2,390	1,990	215	120	100
$60,000 to $69,999	3,105	1,750	1,360	200	115	90
$70,000 to $79,999	2,480	1,420	1,060	165	95	65
$80,000 and over	4,775	2,990	1,785	660	470	190
$80,000 to $89,999	1,405	830	575	165	95	70
$90,000 to $99,999	855	570	285	145	80	65
$100,000 and over	2,510	1,590	920	345	285	60
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	53,000	...	...	1,435	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	47,907	...	...	109,269	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	42,044	...	...	92,288	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	27,645	...	...	220	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,149	...	...	42,752	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,893	...	...	37,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	25,355	...	...	1,215	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,811	...	...	122,419	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	63,482	...	...	101,998	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	53,015	...	...	1,460	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	62,573	...	...	118,333	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	51,967	...	...	98,213	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	27,670	...	...	235	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,578	...	...	51,854	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,053	...	...	44,178	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	25,340	...	...	1,220	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,684	...	...	131,259	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,621	...	...	108,719	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	53,000	...	...	1,430	...	...
Under $5,000	725	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,200	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,115	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,830	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,405	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,915	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,180	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,280	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,160	...	...	40	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,810	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,905	...	...	70	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,005	...	...	95	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,350	...	...	90	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,550	...	...	80	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,030	...	...	80	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,545	...	...	815	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,600	...	...	215	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,950	...	...	195	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,730	...	...	235	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,260	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	53,000	...	...	1,430	...	...
Under $5,000	775	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,215	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,140	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	4,015	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,935	...	...	35	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,735	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,140	...	...	40	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,010	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,655	...	...	35	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,110	...	...	40	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,215	...	...	100	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,025	...	...	115	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,000	...	...	100	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,300	...	...	125	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,800	...	...	105	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,925	...	...	645	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,500	...	...	265	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,110	...	...	165	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,315	...	...	215	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	22,850	...	...	1,210	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,695	...	...	121,301	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	64,691	...	...	101,440	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	12,215	...	...	395	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,689	...	...	98,688	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,193	...	...	83,712	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	6,220	...	...	690	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,923	...	...	139,947	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	84,261	...	...	116,941	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,755	...	...	100	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,317	...	...	78,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,859	...	...	70,912	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	22,785	...	...	1,225	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,071	...	...	130,422	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,142	...	...	108,005	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	12,205	...	...	415	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,412	...	...	103,411	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,483	...	...	88,015	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	6,245	...	...	685	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,910	...	...	152,009	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,908	...	...	124,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,695	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,022	...	...	91,364	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,324	...	...	76,494	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	33,770	16,415	17,355	260	135	125
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,945	29,895	29,986	40,576	48,768	32,448
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,259	26,957	27,480	35,584	41,856	30,528
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	33,860	16,420	17,435	260	125	130
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,365	38,034	36,735	51,826	58,121	45,728
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,477	31,670	31,295	44,156	48,689	39,766
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	92,365	45,130	47,240	4,165	2,100	2,065
In the bottom half of the distribution	58,340	28,020	30,325	1,115	535	585
In the bottom decile	12,290	6,330	5,960	80	40	40
In the second decile	12,360	5,620	6,740	105	40	60
In the third decile	11,635	5,530	6,105	190	90	95
In the fourth decile	11,785	5,605	6,180	320	155	165
In the fifth decile	10,280	4,930	5,350	430	210	215
In the top half of the distribution	34,025	17,110	16,915	3,050	1,565	1,485
In the sixth decile	9,140	4,505	4,635	480	245	230
In the seventh decile	8,105	4,075	4,030	565	270	290
In the eighth decile	6,985	3,490	3,495	635	345	295
In the ninth decile	5,170	2,640	2,530	765	390	380
In the top decile	4,620	2,400	2,220	605	320	285
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	92,370	45,130	47,240	4,165	2,100	2,065
0 to 17 years	11,525	5,785	5,740	1,085	565	515
0 to 5 years	4,410	2,230	2,180	325	170	155
18 to 64 years	61,550	31,150	30,400	2,640	1,320	1,320
65 years and over	19,285	8,190	11,095	440	215	230
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,935	8,635	9,305	120	55	65
0 to 17 years	2,110	1,035	1,075	15	10	5
0 to 5 years	730	350	380	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	11,765	6,155	5,615	75	30	40
65 years and over	4,060	1,450	2,610	35	15	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.4	19.1	19.7	2.9	2.6	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	18.3	17.9	18.7	1.4	1.8	1.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.6	15.7	17.4	1.5	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	19.1	19.8	18.5	2.8	2.3	3.0
65 years and over (%)	21.1	17.7	23.5	8.0	7.0	8.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	15,750	7,860	7,885	55	30	25
0 to 17 years	1,525	735	790	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	535	245	290	0	5	0
18 to 64 years	11,210	6,010	5,200	35	20	15
65 years and over	3,020	1,120	1,900	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	17.1	17.4	16.7	1.3	1.4	1.2
0 to 17 years (%)	13.2	12.7	13.8	0.9	0.9	1.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.1	11.0	13.3	0.0	2.9	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	18.2	19.3	17.1	1.3	1.5	1.1
65 years and over (%)	15.7	13.7	17.1	1.1	0.0	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	92,365	45,120	47,245	4,175	2,145	2,025
Official languages	91,870	44,930	46,940	4,170	2,150	2,025
English	43,705	23,360	20,345	4,170	2,150	2,025
French	91,475	44,725	46,745	210	85	120
Non-official languages	13,835	6,335	7,500	230	95	135
Aboriginal languages	65	25	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	45	20	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	20	25	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	40	15	20	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	13,775	6,315	7,460	230	95	135
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,365	730	630	0	0	0
Berber languages	125	80	50	0	0	0
Kabyle	45	30	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,275	690	580	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	10	0	0	0
Arabic	1,235	660	570	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	30	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	405	195	210	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	145	70	75	0	0	0
Vietnamese	270	130	135	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	35	50	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	30	10	25	0	0	0
Malay	15	15	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	175	75	100	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	160	70	90	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,005	4,425	5,580	205	90	110
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	605	290	320	15	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	605	290	315	10	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	105	40	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Croatian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	65	25	40	0	0	0
Russian	260	135	125	0	0	0
Serbian	40	25	15	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,065	540	520	100	40	65
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	25	15	15	15	10	10
Dutch	65	35	30	45	15	35
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	915	480	440	45	25	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	40	10	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Greek	85	35	50	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	845	400	445	0	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	475	245	235	0	0	0
Bengali	35	25	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hindi	95	55	35	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nepali	365	175	195	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	205	95	110	10	0	0
Kurdish	35	15	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	180	85	90	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	195	70	120	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,835	3,365	4,465	75	35	35
Catalan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Italian	785	340	445	10	10	0
Portuguese	590	295	300	40	20	20
Romanian	205	90	115	0	0	0
Spanish	6,695	2,845	3,850	35	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	135	80	55	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,165	600	560	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	50	35	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	130	55	75	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	220	120	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	120	55	60	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	380	200	185	0	0	0
Wolof	165	95	75	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	250	130	120	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	100	35	65	0	0	10
American Sign Language	10	0	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	75	25	50	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	495	230	260	0	0	0
Chinese languages	400	195	205	0	0	0
Cantonese	95	60	35	0	0	0
Hakka	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	280	130	145	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	95	35	60	0	0	0
Burmese	30	10	25	0	0	0
Karenic languages	65	20	40	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	45	45	0	0	0
Lao	35	15	20	0	10	0
Thai	60	35	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	30	30	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	25	20	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	92,360	45,120	47,245	4,170	2,145	2,025
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	86,800	42,500	44,300	4,110	2,105	2,000
Canadian citizens aged under 18	10,700	5,460	5,235	1,075	585	485
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,110	37,045	39,065	3,035	1,520	1,520
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	5,560	2,615	2,945	65	40	25
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	92,365	45,120	47,245	4,170	2,145	2,025
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	81,960	40,010	41,950	3,815	1,970	1,845
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	8,565	4,270	4,295	350	175	175
Before 1981	1,020	545	475	205	95	105
1981 to 1990	675	345	330	50	30	25
1991 to 2000	1,195	525	670	10	10	0
2001 to 2010	2,950	1,505	1,450	85	40	50
2001 to 2005	1,140	645	495	70	30	40
2006 to 2010	1,815	860	955	10	10	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	2,720	1,350	1,370	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,835	840	995	0	0	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	8,565	4,270	4,295	350	180	170
Under 5 years	950	430	515	60	40	20
5 to 14 years	1,125	545	580	105	50	55
15 to 24 years	1,460	725	735	40	15	25
25 to 44 years	4,585	2,325	2,260	135	65	70
45 years and over	445	245	205	0	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	8,565	4,270	4,295	350	175	170
Americas	1,830	830	995	60	25	35
Brazil	190	85	105	10	0	0
Colombia	495	235	260	0	0	0
El Salvador	85	45	45	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haiti	180	60	120	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	10	0	10	10	0
Mexico	180	80	100	0	0	0
Peru	50	30	25	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	10	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	225	100	130	25	15	10
Other places of birth in Americas	405	205	205	10	10	10
Europe	3,000	1,610	1,390	265	140	125
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	60	70	0	0	0
Croatia	15	0	10	0	0	10
France	1,935	1,065	870	0	0	0
Germany	90	45	40	30	15	15
Greece	30	15	10	0	0	0
Hungary	15	10	0	10	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	115	65	50	0	0	0
Netherlands	10	0	0	40	10	35
Poland	35	0	35	10	10	0
Portugal	30	10	20	15	10	0
Romania	130	65	70	10	0	10
Russian Federation	55	30	25	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	20	10	10	10	10	0
Ukraine	10	10	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	65	50	15	130	85	50
Other places of birth in Europe	325	165	160	15	0	10
Africa	2,305	1,235	1,070	0	0	0
Algeria	310	150	155	0	0	0
Egypt	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	15	0	15	0	0	0
Morocco	275	165	115	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	15	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,635	890	750	0	0	0
Asia	1,425	590	835	15	10	10
Afghanistan	20	10	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	80	30	45	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	230	80	155	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	15	0	15	0	0	0
India	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	115	45	70	10	10	10
Iraq	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	10	10	0
Lebanon	25	25	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Philippines	30	10	20	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	145	60	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	665	285	380	10	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,720	1,350	1,375	0	0	0
Americas	510	235	280	0	0	0
Brazil	120	45	70	0	0	0
Colombia	145	65	80	0	0	0
Cuba	70	50	25	0	0	0
Haiti	25	10	20	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	45	20	25	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	40	25	20	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	10	30	0	0	0
Europe	855	470	385	0	0	0
France	735	410	325	0	0	0
Germany	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	70	30	40	0	0	0
Africa	945	460	490	0	0	0
Algeria	100	30	70	0	0	0
Cameroon	40	20	15	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	160	80	85	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	50	25	30	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	75	45	30	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	135	80	55	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	370	175	195	0	0	0
Asia	405	180	220	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	30	20	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	70	30	35	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	10	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	105	55	50	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	15	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	130	55	70	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	92,360	45,120	47,245	4,170	2,150	2,025
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	10,960	5,370	5,590	365	180	180
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	5,360	2,705	2,655	660	330	335
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	76,045	37,045	38,995	3,140	1,635	1,510
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	7,645	3,765	3,880	155	85	70
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	3,875	2,110	1,770	105	60	45
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,335	1,460	875	40	35	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,540	650	890	65	25	40
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,560	630	930	40	20	20
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	2,175	1,010	1,170	15	0	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	35	15	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	92,365	45,120	47,245	4,170	2,145	2,025
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,175	525	660	90	45	40
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,080	485	595	80	40	40
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	520	220	300	60	30	30
Métis	535	260	280	15	0	10
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	20	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	40	10	35	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	55	30	25	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	91,180	44,595	46,585	4,080	2,100	1,985
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	92,360	45,120	47,245	4,170	2,145	2,025
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	380	175	205	35	20	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	91,980	44,950	47,035	4,140	2,130	2,010
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	92,365	45,115	47,245	4,170	2,145	2,025
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	585	245	335	0	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	555	240	315	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	445	200	250	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	105	45	60	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	25	10	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	0	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,855	1,290	1,560	135	70	65
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,820	1,285	1,535	135	70	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,475	1,130	1,345	125	65	60
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	320	140	180	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	35	10	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	10	30	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	88,920	43,580	45,345	4,040	2,075	1,960
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	92,360	45,120	47,245	4,170	2,150	2,025
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	7,540	3,685	3,855	80	35	45
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	580	295	285	10	0	10
Chinese	495	195	300	0	0	0
Black	2,545	1,325	1,220	35	15	20
Filipino	65	30	40	0	0	0
Latin American	1,350	600	750	0	0	0
Arab	1,225	680	540	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	760	330	435	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	195	85	115	0	0	0
Korean	25	20	0	10	10	0
Japanese	35	10	30	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	75	35	40	10	10	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	195	95	100	10	0	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	84,820	41,430	43,390	4,090	2,110	1,980
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	92,365	45,120	47,245	4,175	2,150	2,025
North American Aboriginal origins	3,440	1,540	1,900	135	70	65
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,985	1,340	1,645	125	65	60
Inuit	40	20	25	0	10	0
Métis	480	195	285	0	0	0
Other North American origins	59,555	28,740	30,810	1,510	815	695
Acadian	605	305	300	15	0	10
American	450	190	265	55	25	30
Canadian	56,725	27,310	29,420	1,485	805	675
New Brunswicker	20	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	0	20	0	0	0
Québécois	2,870	1,425	1,445	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	39,615	19,840	19,780	3,450	1,735	1,715
British Isles origins	8,780	4,125	4,655	2,505	1,300	1,210
Channel Islander	30	20	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	2,040	960	1,085	1,395	745	655
Irish	5,700	2,675	3,025	1,015	490	520
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	2,335	1,095	1,235	1,225	625	600
Welsh	100	45	60	170	95	70
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	205	110	95	210	100	105
French origins	31,940	16,155	15,780	505	250	260
Alsatian	15	15	0	10	0	0
Breton	235	125	110	0	0	0
Corsican	40	0	35	0	0	0
French	31,725	16,045	15,680	505	245	255
Western European origins (except French origins)	2,965	1,420	1,550	1,470	730	745
Austrian	65	35	30	25	15	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	685	335	350	50	25	25
Dutch	245	105	145	325	135	190
Flemish	35	20	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,805	875	935	1,140	585	550
Luxembourger	20	15	0	0	0	0
Swiss	345	150	195	10	10	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	240	105	130	90	40	50
Danish	50	25	30	30	0	20
Finnish	35	15	20	20	15	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	55	20	35	20	10	0
Swedish	60	25	40	15	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	30	15	20	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	1,305	670	640	400	160	240
Bulgarian	55	35	15	10	0	10
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	60	40	20	15	0	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	25	15	10	25	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	130	60	70	60	10	40
Latvian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	10	0	10
Moldovan	40	15	25	0	0	0
Polish	430	205	220	160	75	85
Romanian	250	110	140	35	10	25
Russian	280	165	115	30	10	15
Slovak	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ukrainian	180	95	80	120	65	55
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	3,090	1,465	1,620	375	210	165
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	70	90	0	0	0
Catalan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Croatian	75	30	40	15	0	15
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	205	90	115	15	10	0
Italian	1,565	715	850	125	75	55
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	395	190	205	120	70	50
Serbian	95	60	35	20	20	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	0	10	30	15	15
Spanish	845	415	430	20	10	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	35	15	15	10	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	185	120	65	10	0	10
Basque	90	55	30	0	0	0
Jewish	45	30	15	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	45	30	15	10	0	10
Caribbean origins	510	245	265	45	20	25
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	110	70	35	15	0	0
Dominican	30	0	20	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian	310	130	180	0	0	0
Jamaican	25	20	0	10	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,835	870	970	15	10	15
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	75	40	40	10	0	10
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	20	15	15	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	160	90	70	0	0	0
Chilean	185	85	95	0	0	0
Colombian	645	310	340	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	20	15	10	0	0	0
Maya	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	355	155	195	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	125	70	50	0	0	0
Salvadorean	120	55	65	0	0	0
Uruguayan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	75	35	40	0	0	0
African origins	3,570	1,885	1,680	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	1,420	770	650	0	0	0
Akan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	90	60	30	0	0	0
Burkinabe	55	50	10	0	0	0
Cameroonian	160	85	75	0	0	0
Chadian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	480	255	230	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Guinean	55	35	20	0	0	0
Ibo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	80	30	50	0	0	0
Liberian	30	0	30	0	0	0
Malian	70	55	25	0	0	0
Malinké	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Peulh	50	20	30	0	0	0
Senegalese	215	120	90	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Wolof	35	15	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	110	50	60	0	0	0
North African origins	1,360	725	640	0	0	0
Algerian	375	195	185	0	0	0
Berber	250	130	115	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	120	40	75	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	35	20	10	0	0	0
Moroccan	295	175	120	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	355	185	170	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	25	10	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	515	265	250	10	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	10	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	235	135	95	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	40	10	30	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	170	80	90	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	40	10	30	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	25	15	15	0	0	0
Other African origins	335	170	160	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	335	170	165	0	0	0
Asian origins	3,245	1,565	1,680	60	15	40
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,060	550	510	25	10	15
Afghan	50	30	15	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	395	215	180	0	0	0
Armenian	65	35	25	20	0	15
Assyrian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	150	65	85	10	0	0
Iraqi	15	0	10	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	30	10	20	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	230	125	105	0	0	0
Palestinian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	65	25	45	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turk	60	30	25	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	550	285	265	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	100	40	65	0	0	0
East Indian	205	120	80	10	0	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	225	110	115	0	0	0
Pakistani	20	15	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,665	750	920	20	10	10
Burmese	215	85	130	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	205	100	110	0	0	0
Chinese	730	295	435	10	10	0
Filipino	80	40	40	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	65	20	50	10	0	10
Karen	50	15	35	0	0	0
Korean	25	20	0	10	0	10
Laotian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	50	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	405	205	200	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	25	15	10	0	0	0
Australian	15	10	10	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	53,015	...	...	1,455	...	...
Owner	18,265	...	...	1,315	...	...
Renter	34,750	...	...	145	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	53,010	...	...	1,460	...	...
Condominium	12,170	...	...	60	...	...
Not condominium	40,840	...	...	1,395	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	53,010	...	...	1,460	...	...
No bedrooms	1,320	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	19,800	...	...	55	...	...
2 bedrooms	18,970	...	...	200	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,500	...	...	695	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,420	...	...	500	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	53,010	...	...	1,460	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	32,840	...	...	105	...	...
5 rooms	9,055	...	...	150	...	...
6 rooms	4,215	...	...	200	...	...
7 rooms	2,835	...	...	200	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,070	...	...	805	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.4	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	53,015	...	...	1,460	...	...
One person or fewer per room	52,695	...	...	1,460	...	...
More than 1 person per room	320	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	53,015	...	...	1,455	...	...
Suitable	51,615	...	...	1,440	...	...
Not suitable	1,395	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	53,015	...	...	1,460	...	...
1960 or before	22,515	...	...	300	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,230	...	...	145	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,855	...	...	310	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,725	...	...	435	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,895	...	...	90	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,875	...	...	80	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,920	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	53,015	...	...	1,460	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	49,500	...	...	1,400	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,510	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	53,010	...	...	1,460	...	...
1 household maintainer	37,555	...	...	605	...	...
2 household maintainers	14,720	...	...	850	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	735	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	53,015	...	...	1,460	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,860	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	10,165	...	...	180	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,555	...	...	280	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,530	...	...	370	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,200	...	...	300	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,385	...	...	215	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,420	...	...	80	...	...
85 years and over	1,905	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	52,980	...	...	1,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,060	...	...	1,315	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,910	...	...	145	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,385	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,265	...	...	1,310	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.4	...	...	63.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.4	...	...	7.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,027	...	...	1,426	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,125	...	...	1,402	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	269,149	...	...	400,743	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	310,054	...	...	427,847	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,750	...	...	145	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.7	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	32.0	...	...	27.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	722	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	792	...	...	1,066	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	82,590	40,170	42,415	3,255	1,635	1,615
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,810	5,625	6,185	450	220	235
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	15,330	7,235	8,095	925	460	465
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,445	27,310	28,135	1,875	955	920
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,605	6,415	4,195	260	210	45
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	7,980	4,395	3,585	85	60	20
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,625	2,020	605	175	150	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,920	6,625	8,295	855	410	445
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,050	1,090	1,955	50	40	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	26,865	13,170	13,690	705	290	420
Bachelor's degree	14,840	7,055	7,790	495	190	305
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,990	965	1,025	55	20	35
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	855	470	385	10	0	0
Master's degree	7,550	3,720	3,830	120	55	65
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,635	970	665	25	15	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	53,380	27,150	26,230	2,190	1,095	1,095
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,745	2,615	2,130	130	80	55
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	7,910	4,270	3,635	545	255	290
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,725	20,255	20,465	1,520	760	750
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,995	4,710	3,285	170	140	35
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	6,105	3,265	2,840	55	45	15
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,885	1,440	445	115	95	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	10,100	4,820	5,280	750	375	380
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,780	710	1,070	35	35	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	20,850	10,020	10,830	560	215	345
Bachelor's degree	11,410	5,490	5,925	390	145	245
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,375	635	745	50	20	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	615	285	330	10	0	10
Master's degree	6,160	2,920	3,245	95	40	55
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	1,280	690	585	15	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	82,590	40,170	42,415	3,255	1,635	1,615
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	27,145	12,865	14,280	1,375	680	700
Education	3,895	1,120	2,775	115	25	90
13. Education	3,890	1,120	2,775	115	20	95
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,745	1,765	1,980	55	25	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	605	435	165	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	3,140	1,325	1,815	45	20	25
Humanities	5,075	2,300	2,775	90	30	55
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	720	205	515	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	150	60	90	20	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,965	900	1,065	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	65	40	25	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	410	270	140	15	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	245	150	95	10	0	10
54. History	555	355	200	20	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	965	315	645	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,620	3,130	4,490	225	50	175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	50	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,140	420	720	20	10	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	900	130	770	20	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	1,510	705	810	40	0	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	265	40	230	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,025	295	735	40	10	30
45. Social sciences	2,700	1,530	1,170	105	35	70
Business, management and public administration	11,045	4,670	6,375	305	75	225
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,080	350	730	30	0	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,955	4,315	5,635	275	80	190
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,795	1,455	1,340	75	55	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,160	505	655	40	25	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	150	100	0	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	570	255	310	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	735	490	245	20	15	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	50	35	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,790	2,040	750	50	40	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,125	1,705	420	25	20	0
25. Library science	360	115	245	10	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	280	200	85	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	15	10	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,835	6,840	1,000	515	485	35
04. Architecture and related services	785	455	325	20	10	15
14. Engineering	1,745	1,445	300	75	65	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,350	1,190	155	115	105	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,550	1,500	50	60	60	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,375	1,305	75	120	120	0
48. Precision production	1,030	945	85	120	120	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,135	735	400	70	40	25
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	480	280	200	45	25	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	655	460	200	25	15	15
Health and related fields	6,305	1,490	4,815	245	30	215
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	375	180	200	15	0	20
51. Health professions and related programs	5,625	1,150	4,475	215	25	190
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	305	165	140	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,160	1,735	1,425	140	105	35
12. Personal and culinary services	2,155	885	1,270	25	10	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	25	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	455	350	100	95	75	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	475	50	20	20	0
Other	40	20	20	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	25	20	0	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	53,380	27,150	26,230	2,195	1,100	1,095
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,655	6,890	5,770	675	335	340
Education	2,435	675	1,760	95	15	75
13. Education	2,430	670	1,760	95	20	80
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,885	1,375	1,510	55	30	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	455	325	130	15	10	10
50. Visual and performing arts	2,430	1,050	1,380	40	20	20
Humanities	3,360	1,580	1,780	60	20	40
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	550	165	385	10	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	100	40	60	15	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,100	575	520	0	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	35	15	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	300	185	110	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	95	50	0	0	0
54. History	400	255	145	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	720	225	495	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,610	2,255	3,355	190	45	145
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	15	45	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	955	370	585	15	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	670	95	575	20	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	1,105	450	650	40	0	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	165	25	140	0	0	0
42. Psychology	665	170	490	30	0	25
45. Social sciences	1,995	1,130	865	80	35	45
Business, management and public administration	8,585	3,580	5,000	245	50	190
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	825	255	570	20	0	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,745	3,315	4,430	220	50	170
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,960	1,030	925	50	40	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	985	405	580	25	25	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	115	50	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	170	100	70	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	590	380	210	10	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	30	15	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,375	1,770	605	35	35	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,915	1,555	365	20	15	10
25. Library science	250	65	185	10	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	135	55	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,755	4,885	865	415	385	30
04. Architecture and related services	610	335	270	20	10	15
14. Engineering	1,375	1,115	265	55	50	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,010	880	135	110	105	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,085	1,040	50	50	50	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	915	850	70	95	95	0
48. Precision production	755	665	85	85	80	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	965	620	345	50	30	20
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	400	230	170	30	25	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	390	175	20	10	10
Health and related fields	4,230	1,095	3,135	190	25	170
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	330	145	185	15	0	15
51. Health professions and related programs	3,685	855	2,825	175	20	155
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	220	100	120	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,525	1,370	1,150	120	90	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,740	710	1,025	20	10	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	325	235	85	75	60	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	445	410	40	20	20	0
Other	40	15	20	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	20	20	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	82,590	40,170	42,420	3,250	1,635	1,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,145	12,865	14,285	1,380	680	695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	55,445	27,310	28,135	1,875	955	925
Location of study inside Canada	51,050	25,015	26,030	1,720	885	835
Same as province or territory of residence	49,640	24,210	25,430	1,650	860	790
Different than province or territory of residence	1,400	805	600	75	25	45
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,395	2,290	2,105	155	70	85
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	385	240	140	60	20	45
Philippines	30	0	20	0	0	0
India	30	20	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	95	70	25	45	35	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	70	35	30	0	0	0
France	2,030	1,035	995	0	0	0
Other	1,760	880	880	50	10	30
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	53,385	27,150	26,230	2,195	1,100	1,095
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,660	6,890	5,770	680	340	340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	40,725	20,260	20,465	1,520	765	750
Location of study inside Canada	37,010	18,375	18,640	1,400	715	685
Same as province or territory of residence	36,005	17,760	18,245	1,335	690	650
Different than province or territory of residence	1,005	610	395	60	20	40
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,715	1,890	1,825	115	50	65
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	240	160	80	50	15	35
Philippines	30	10	20	0	0	0
India	25	20	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	80	65	20	35	30	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	65	30	30	0	0	0
France	1,695	850	835	0	0	0
Other	1,580	750	825	30	0	25
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	82,585	40,170	42,415	3,250	1,635	1,615
In the labour force	51,950	26,930	25,015	2,450	1,280	1,170
Employed	48,830	25,100	23,730	2,330	1,235	1,095
Unemployed	3,115	1,830	1,285	125	50	75
Not in the labour force	30,640	13,245	17,400	800	355	450
Participation rate	62.9	67.0	59.0	75.4	78.3	72.4
Employment rate	59.1	62.5	55.9	71.7	75.5	67.8
Unemployment rate	6.0	6.8	5.1	5.1	3.9	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	82,585	40,170	42,415	3,250	1,630	1,620
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	28,670	12,225	16,445	710	300	410
Worked	53,920	27,945	25,970	2,545	1,330	1,210
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	25,240	13,700	11,540	1,510	900	610
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	28,680	14,245	14,430	1,030	430	605
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	42.8	42.8	44.4	45.5	43.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	51,950	26,930	25,015	2,450	1,280	1,165
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	975	550	425	20	10	10
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	50,970	26,380	24,595	2,430	1,275	1,160
Employee	45,860	23,380	22,480	2,215	1,150	1,070
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	5,115	2,995	2,115	215	120	95
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	51,945	26,930	25,020	2,450	1,285	1,170
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	975	550	425	15	10	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	50,975	26,380	24,595	2,435	1,270	1,160
0 Management occupations	4,260	2,470	1,790	320	215	105
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,025	3,380	5,645	430	110	320
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,950	3,875	1,070	225	165	65
3 Health occupations	3,625	980	2,645	130	25	105
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,230	2,770	4,465	310	90	215
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,895	1,440	1,450	60	20	40
6 Sales and service occupations	13,895	7,035	6,860	390	150	240
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,670	3,400	265	380	365	20
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	245	190	55	55	45	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,170	830	335	130	100	35
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	51,945	26,930	25,020	2,450	1,280	1,170
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	975	550	420	20	10	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	50,975	26,380	24,595	2,430	1,270	1,160
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	200	120	75	30	20	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	65	35	0	0	0
22 Utilities	155	105	50	0	0	0
23 Construction	1,610	1,420	190	175	150	30
31-33 Manufacturing	2,970	2,080	880	370	265	100
41 Wholesale trade	1,305	950	355	110	80	30
44-45 Retail trade	5,900	2,810	3,090	270	135	135
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,360	1,105	255	135	90	50
51 Information and cultural industries	1,355	870	485	65	45	25
52 Finance and insurance	2,225	1,025	1,205	125	50	75
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	750	490	265	15	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,635	2,870	1,765	160	90	70
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	20	25	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,390	1,560	830	100	50	50
61 Educational services	4,375	1,680	2,690	245	65	180
62 Health care and social assistance	6,115	1,580	4,530	230	40	185
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,595	750	840	40	25	10
72 Accommodation and food services	5,395	2,825	2,575	105	30	70
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,385	1,135	1,245	85	35	50
91 Public administration	6,110	2,905	3,205	175	90	85
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	48,830	25,095	23,735	2,330	1,235	1,095
Worked at home	2,835	1,490	1,345	130	65	70
Worked outside Canada	110	50	60	10	10	10
No fixed workplace address	3,440	2,370	1,065	160	140	25
Worked at usual place	42,440	21,180	21,260	2,020	1,030	990
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	42,440	21,180	21,265	2,020	1,030	990
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	38,755	18,995	19,760	435	180	260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	825	485	340	985	505	480
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,780	1,640	1,145	580	330	250
Commute to a different province or territory	85	65	20	15	10	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	45,880	23,550	22,330	2,180	1,165	1,015
Car, truck, van - as a driver	23,580	12,970	10,615	1,990	1,095	895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,450	450	1,000	80	25	55
Public transit	8,785	3,680	5,100	20	10	10
Walked	10,010	5,095	4,915	80	20	60
Bicycle	1,680	1,105	575	10	0	0
Other method	375	250	125	15	15	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	45,880	23,550	22,330	2,185	1,170	1,015
Less than 15 minutes	15,195	8,090	7,100	410	185	230
15 to 29 minutes	20,925	10,695	10,235	875	465	410
30 to 44 minutes	6,870	3,325	3,545	560	295	265
45 to 59 minutes	1,805	870	930	170	105	70
60 minutes and over	1,085	570	515	165	120	45
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	45,880	23,550	22,330	2,185	1,165	1,015
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,315	920	395	150	120	35
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,455	3,440	2,010	400	295	110
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,530	7,015	7,515	705	325	375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,040	5,695	6,345	395	155	240
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,575	2,595	2,980	210	80	135
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,965	3,880	3,080	325	195	125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	55,285	28,590	26,690	2,565	1,340	1,220
Single responses	53,445	27,600	25,845	2,560	1,340	1,220
Official languages	53,285	27,545	25,745	2,560	1,340	1,220
English	1,680	930	750	2,545	1,340	1,205
French	51,605	26,615	24,995	15	0	15
Non-official languages	160	60	100	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	155	55	95	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	30	55	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	10	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	20	45	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	0	15	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	45	10	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,835	990	845	10	0	10
English and French	1,670	915	755	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	85	35	50	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	70	35	35	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	55,280	28,590	26,690	2,560	1,340	1,220
None	40,805	20,565	20,235	2,520	1,330	1,195
English	12,460	6,985	5,475	0	0	10
French	1,330	730	600	30	10	20
Non-official language	395	190	205	10	0	0
Aboriginal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	395	185	205	0	0	0
English and French	10	0	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	245	105	145	0	0	0
French and non-official language	25	0	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	91,575	44,695	46,885	4,140	2,140	1,995
Non-movers	76,140	37,000	39,140	3,750	1,945	1,810
Movers	15,440	7,695	7,745	390	200	190
Non-migrants	11,340	5,780	5,560	140	60	75
Migrants	4,105	1,915	2,190	250	135	115
Internal migrants	2,980	1,440	1,540	250	135	115
Intraprovincial migrants	2,705	1,280	1,415	230	125	110
Interprovincial migrants	275	155	120	10	10	0
External migrants	1,120	475	645	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	88,610	43,235	45,375	3,890	2,025	1,865
Non-movers	47,070	22,630	24,440	2,640	1,340	1,300
Movers	41,540	20,605	20,935	1,245	685	565
Non-migrants	29,000	14,585	14,410	450	235	215
Migrants	12,540	6,015	6,525	800	455	345
Internal migrants	8,780	4,220	4,555	790	450	340
Intraprovincial migrants	8,105	3,865	4,240	745	425	315
Interprovincial migrants	670	355	310	45	20	25
External migrants	3,760	1,790	1,965	10	10	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Québec [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Ayr [Population centre], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Québec [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Ayr [Population centre], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Québec [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Ayr [Population centre], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Québec [Federal electoral district], Quebec and Ayr [Population centre], Ontario