Census Profile, 2016 Census
Région de l'Outaouais [Health region, December 2017], Quebec and Russell [Population centre], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Région de l'Outaouais Quebec [Health region, December 2017]			Russell Manitoba [Population centre]
	Data quality , Région de l'Outaouais [Health region, December 2017], Quebec Map : Région de l'Outaouais [Health region, December 2017], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Russell [Population centre], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	382,604	...	...	1,395	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	369,171	...	...	1,371^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.6	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	190,236	...	...	691	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	163,137	...	...	619	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	12.4	...	...	923.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	30,808.69	...	...	1.51	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	382,605	188,195	194,410	1,395	645	745
0 to 14 years	67,900	34,725	33,170	235	105	130
0 to 4 years	22,650	11,540	11,110	90	40	50
5 to 9 years	23,925	12,210	11,720	70	30	40
10 to 14 years	21,325	10,980	10,345	75	30	45
15 to 64 years	256,390	126,600	129,790	775	390	390
15 to 19 years	21,170	10,820	10,355	70	35	35
20 to 24 years	23,205	11,650	11,555	75	30	40
25 to 29 years	23,015	11,400	11,625	80	45	40
30 to 34 years	24,375	11,835	12,545	80	45	40
35 to 39 years	25,565	12,455	13,115	85	35	45
40 to 44 years	25,180	12,500	12,675	80	40	35
45 to 49 years	26,150	12,840	13,305	75	40	40
50 to 54 years	31,110	15,350	15,760	95	50	40
55 to 59 years	30,870	15,005	15,870	80	40	40
60 to 64 years	25,745	12,750	12,995	70	30	40
65 years and over	58,310	26,870	31,445	385	160	225
65 to 69 years	21,110	10,380	10,730	90	40	50
70 to 74 years	15,105	7,370	7,740	70	25	45
75 to 79 years	9,740	4,475	5,265	65	30	35
80 to 84 years	6,435	2,730	3,705	50	25	25
85 years and over	5,920	1,910	4,010	110	40	70
85 to 89 years	3,915	1,395	2,520	60	20	40
90 to 94 years	1,580	440	1,140	40	15	25
95 to 99 years	365	70	295	10	0	10
100 years and over	60	10	50	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.7	18.5	17.1	16.8	16.3	17.4
15 to 64 years	67.0	67.3	66.8	55.6	60.5	52.3
65 years and over	15.2	14.3	16.2	27.6	24.8	30.2
85 years and over	1.5	1.0	2.1	7.9	6.2	9.4
Average age of the population	40.3	39.6	41.1	45.3	44.1	46.3
Median age of the population	41.2	40.5	41.9	45.2	43.9	46.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	163,135	...	...	620	...	...
Single-detached house	84,070	...	...	480	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	6,530	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	72,105	...	...	120	...	...
Semi-detached house	18,620	...	...	15	...	...
Row house	8,150	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	8,720	...	...	50	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	36,200	...	...	50	...	...
Other single-attached house	425	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	425	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	163,140	...	...	615	...	...
1 person	50,375	...	...	230	...	...
2 persons	57,300	...	...	210	...	...
3 persons	24,530	...	...	70	...	...
4 persons	20,695	...	...	75	...	...
5 or more persons	10,245	...	...	35	...	...
Number of persons in private households	376,905	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	314,700	153,465	161,240	1,165	545	615
Married or living common law	179,215	89,515	89,695	705	360	350
Married	116,555	58,205	58,355	615	310	305
Living common law	62,660	31,310	31,345	95	50	45
Not married and not living common law	135,485	63,945	71,540	455	190	265
Never married	90,650	48,230	42,420	240	135	110
Separated	6,055	2,735	3,325	20	10	15
Divorced	22,675	9,300	13,370	55	20	35
Widowed	16,105	3,675	12,430	135	30	110
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	108,560	...	...	370	...	...
2 persons	57,110	...	...	220	...	...
3 persons	23,480	...	...	60	...	...
4 persons	19,725	...	...	65	...	...
5 or more persons	8,240	...	...	35	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	108,560	...	...	370	...	...
Total couple families	88,020	...	...	335	...	...
Married couples	56,700	...	...	285	...	...
Common-law couples	31,320	...	...	45	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	20,540	...	...	40	...	...
Female parent	15,205	...	...	30	...	...
Male parent	5,335	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	88,025	...	...	335	...	...
Couples without children	44,395	...	...	195	...	...
Couples with children	43,625	...	...	135	...	...
1 child	17,455	...	...	45	...	...
2 children	18,295	...	...	60	...	...
3 or more children	7,875	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	20,535	...	...	40	...	...
1 child	12,710	...	...	20	...	...
2 children	6,025	...	...	15	...	...
3 or more children	1,800	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	69,375	33,965	35,415	305	140	170
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	163,135	...	...	620	...	...
One-census-family households	105,335	...	...	365	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	43,070	...	...	195	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	62,265	...	...	175	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,595	...	...	0	...	...
Non-census-family households	56,210	...	...	250	...	...
One-person households	50,380	...	...	225	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	5,830	...	...	20	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	379,030	186,855	192,175	1,350	635	710
English only	32,870	17,415	15,450	1,310	615	700
French only	113,235	51,605	61,625	0	0	0
English and French	231,100	117,010	114,085	40	25	15
Neither English nor French	1,830	825	1,010	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	379,030	186,855	192,175	1,350	635	715
English	65,960	33,585	32,380	1,335	630	710
French	301,475	147,580	153,900	10	10	5
English and French	9,845	4,915	4,930	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	1,750	780	975	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	70,885	36,040	34,840	15	10	5
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	18.7	19.3	18.1	1.1	1.6	0.7
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	379,035	186,855	192,175	1,350	635	715
Single responses	369,070	181,920	187,155	1,315	620	695
Official languages	337,655	166,580	171,075	1,145	535	610
English	53,770	27,450	26,320	1,130	530	605
French	283,885	139,125	144,755	15	5	10
Non-official languages	31,415	15,335	16,080	165	85	85
Aboriginal languages	620	280	340	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	585	260	320	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	295	135	155	0	0	0
Atikamekw	10	0	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	15	25	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	220	105	115	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	290	130	160	0	0	0
Algonquin	280	120	155	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	10	15	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	30,795	15,060	15,735	165	80	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,920	4,155	3,760	5	5	0
Berber languages	550	310	240	0	0	0
Kabyle	365	200	165	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	180	110	75	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	285	140	145	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	270	130	140	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,060	3,690	3,365	0	0	0
Amharic	60	25	35	0	0	0
Arabic	6,930	3,625	3,305	0	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	30	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	620	300	320	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	215	100	110	0	0	0
Vietnamese	405	200	205	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	350	90	265	70	35	35
Bikol	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	5	20	10	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	50	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	35	5	25	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	40	180	60	35	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	1,230	560	675	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	125	60	65	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,090	495	595	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	30	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tamil	40	25	15	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,730	7,120	7,615	80	35	50
Albanian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Armenian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,060	1,440	1,625	45	20	25
Baltic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Latvian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	3,035	1,425	1,610	45	15	25
Belarusan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	165	85	75	0	0	0
Bulgarian	225	105	115	0	0	0
Croatian	175	90	85	0	0	0
Czech	85	35	50	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	475	195	270	5	0	5
Russian	705	305	400	0	0	0
Serbian	580	310	270	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	370	185	190	0	0	0
Slovak	50	20	30	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	165	65	100	45	15	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,065	465	595	35	15	15
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	25	15	10	5	0	0
Dutch	225	105	125	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	720	310	410	30	10	15
Icelandic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swedish	25	10	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,075	575	505	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	370	200	170	0	0	0
Bengali	85	45	40	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	10	0	0	0
Hindi	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Urdu	120	70	50	0	0	0
Iranian languages	700	365	330	0	0	0
Kurdish	80	50	30	0	0	0
Pashto	25	20	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	590	300	290	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,240	4,480	4,760	5	0	0
Catalan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	455	265	190	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,755	1,360	1,400	0	0	0
Romanian	1,065	515	550	0	0	0
Spanish	4,955	2,335	2,620	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	115	35	85	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	135	50	85	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	3,155	1,560	1,590	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bamanankan	75	35	35	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ewe	90	45	40	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	160	80	75	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	15	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	20	15	5	0	0	0
Lingala	190	95	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	660	315	340	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	500	225	275	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	485	240	245	0	0	0
Wolof	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	10	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	695	365	325	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	30	35	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	15	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,865	855	1,010	0	0	5
Chinese languages	1,855	855	995	0	0	0
Cantonese	300	140	165	0	0	0
Hakka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,400	650	750	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	90	40	50	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Burmese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	170	65	100	0	0	0
Lao	115	55	65	0	0	0
Thai	55	15	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	125	65	55	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	95	55	35	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	180	100	80	0	5	0
Estonian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	150	90	60	5	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0
Multiple responses	9,960	4,940	5,025	40	10	20
English and French	6,310	3,130	3,185	5	0	0
English and non-official language	830	405	420	35	10	20
French and non-official language	2,200	1,085	1,115	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	620	320	305	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	379,030	186,860	192,175	1,350	635	715
Single responses	364,770	179,995	184,770	1,310	610	700
Official languages	348,835	172,235	176,600	1,270	590	680
English	64,475	33,020	31,450	1,270	590	680
French	284,365	139,210	145,155	0	0	0
Non-official languages	15,935	7,765	8,165	40	25	15
Aboriginal languages	265	125	140	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	260	120	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	195	90	100	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	5	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	160	80	75	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	65	25	45	0	0	0
Algonquin	65	25	40	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	5	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,670	7,640	8,025	40	20	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,290	2,155	2,140	0	0	0
Berber languages	255	130	120	0	0	0
Kabyle	200	110	90	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	145	70	75	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	145	70	75	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,890	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Amharic	25	5	15	0	0	0
Arabic	3,845	1,925	1,920	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	370	185	190	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	65	60	0	0	0
Vietnamese	250	120	125	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	25	30	25	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	0	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	20	25	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	400	170	225	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	55	25	35	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	335	145	190	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	25	15	10	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,940	3,845	4,090	10	5	10
Albanian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Armenian	45	25	25	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,895	910	985	15	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,890	910	980	10	5	10
Belarusan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	120	60	60	0	0	0
Bulgarian	165	70	90	0	0	0
Croatian	100	50	55	0	0	0
Czech	20	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	160	70	90	0	0	0
Russian	480	215	265	0	0	0
Serbian	480	250	225	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	265	135	130	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	30	35	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	70	90	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dutch	30	10	15	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	115	50	60	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	45	20	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	600	300	295	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	175	95	85	0	0	0
Bengali	40	20	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Urdu	65	35	30	0	0	0
Iranian languages	410	205	210	0	0	0
Kurdish	65	35	30	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	335	160	170	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,170	2,510	2,660	0	0	0
Catalan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	60	35	25	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,160	560	595	0	0	0
Romanian	670	330	345	0	0	0
Spanish	3,275	1,590	1,690	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	50	15	30	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	35	35	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	795	370	425	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	15	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	5	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	220	105	115	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	45	60	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	180	90	90	0	0	0
Wolof	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	55	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	80	40	35	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	40	30	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,375	675	700	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,370	675	700	0	0	0
Cantonese	150	75	75	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,145	570	570	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Lao	60	30	30	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	50	25	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	5	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	25	30	0	0	0
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	14,265	6,860	7,400	45	25	15
English and French	7,115	3,430	3,685	5	0	0
English and non-official language	1,765	865	895	40	25	15
French and non-official language	3,785	1,780	2,010	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	1,595	780	815	0	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	379,030	186,855	192,175	1,350	640	715
None	295,565	145,725	149,845	1,250	590	665
English	47,465	23,440	24,025	25	10	10
French	21,460	10,620	10,835	0	0	0
Non-official language	11,090	5,375	5,715	70	30	40
Aboriginal	315	135	180	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	10,775	5,240	5,535	70	35	40
English and French	1,350	675	680	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,330	660	675	0	0	0
French and non-official language	740	355	385	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	25	20	10	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	309,065	151,385	157,680	1,115	530	580
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	297,520	145,645	151,875	1,080	520	560
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,195	40,371	34,172	32,992	42,688	25,237
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	297,610	145,650	151,960	1,080	515	565
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,519	34,809	30,304	29,712	37,184	23,667
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	264,810	131,850	132,965	995	490	510
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,056	38,731	31,386	30,336	42,112	20,843
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	221,445	101,525	119,925	795	330	465
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,164	5,887	7,986	9,488	8,672	9,664
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	217,945	110,945	107,000	775	400	370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,727	38,078	33,313	35,200	47,232	25,152
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	309,055	151,375	157,675	1,145	545	600
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	297,445	145,485	151,965	1,110	535	580
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,868	48,842	41,064	43,811	52,656	35,619
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	297,530	145,490	152,040	1,110	535	575
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	39,298	34,041	36,577	42,914	30,707
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	264,845	131,810	133,035	1,050	515	530
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,267	47,915	38,662	39,170	48,201	30,354
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	221,045	101,210	119,830	840	340	505
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,536	7,807	9,151	8,975	9,287	8,767
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	217,940	110,750	107,190	760	410	345
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,044	46,332	39,646	40,453	49,008	30,322
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	309,050	151,375	157,675	1,145	540	600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	104,790	54,885	49,910	325	200	125
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,947	57,280	52,539	57,258	68,795	44,597
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,659	63,144	55,827	61,998	71,420	46,725
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.9	88.9	82.4	85.9	89.9	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.3	72.2	68.2	66.2	72.4	55.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.1	11.1	17.6	13.9	9.2	20.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	309,065	151,385	157,685	1,120	530	585
Without total income	11,550	5,740	5,810	35	15	20
With total income	297,515	145,645	151,875	1,080	520	560
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.2	96.3	96.4	98.1	95.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	34,985	16,440	18,540	100	45	60
$10,000 to $19,999	48,980	20,910	28,070	200	70	135
$20,000 to $29,999	39,650	17,905	21,740	195	70	125
$30,000 to $39,999	34,960	16,900	18,065	140	60	80
$40,000 to $49,999	32,430	15,995	16,440	90	45	45
$50,000 to $59,999	27,665	13,815	13,845	75	45	30
$60,000 to $69,999	22,300	11,375	10,925	60	30	25
$70,000 to $79,999	16,680	8,585	8,090	45	30	15
$80,000 to $89,999	12,385	6,670	5,715	40	25	10
$90,000 to $99,999	8,600	4,790	3,815	30	30	5
$100,000 and over	18,885	12,255	6,635	85	65	20
$100,000 to $149,999	14,945	9,480	5,460	70	50	15
$150,000 and over	3,940	2,775	1,170	20	20	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	309,065	151,380	157,685	1,115	535	585
Without after-tax income	11,460	5,730	5,725	35	15	20
With after-tax income	297,610	145,650	151,960	1,085	520	565
Percentage with after-tax income	96.3	96.2	96.4	97.3	97.2	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	36,710	16,810	19,900	105	45	60
$10,000 to $19,999	51,540	22,320	29,220	220	70	145
$20,000 to $29,999	48,610	22,510	26,100	220	85	135
$30,000 to $39,999	46,425	22,890	23,535	160	75	85
$40,000 to $49,999	39,780	20,095	19,680	105	60	45
$50,000 to $59,999	28,710	14,630	14,085	85	50	35
$60,000 to $69,999	19,255	10,055	9,200	70	50	20
$70,000 to $79,999	11,700	6,645	5,050	40	30	15
$80,000 and over	14,890	9,685	5,200	70	55	10
$80,000 to $89,999	6,300	3,935	2,360	30	20	5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,160	2,025	1,130	15	15	0
$100,000 and over	5,430	3,725	1,705	25	20	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	309,065	151,380	157,685	1,115	535	580
Without employment income	91,125	40,440	50,685	345	130	210
With employment income	217,940	110,940	107,000	775	400	375
Percentage with employment income	70.5	73.3	67.9	69.5	74.8	64.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	25,560	13,115	12,445	110	50	60
$5,000 to $9,999	16,075	7,250	8,825	50	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	29,705	13,975	15,725	85	25	55
$20,000 to $29,999	24,680	11,925	12,750	95	40	55
$30,000 to $39,999	22,760	11,345	11,415	100	40	55
$40,000 to $49,999	20,475	10,205	10,265	75	35	40
$50,000 to $59,999	19,405	9,570	9,835	55	35	15
$60,000 to $69,999	16,120	8,165	7,950	35	30	10
$70,000 to $79,999	12,580	6,590	5,990	50	30	15
$80,000 and over	30,595	18,800	11,795	120	100	25
$80,000 to $89,999	9,810	5,485	4,330	20	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	6,690	3,960	2,735	35	30	5
$100,000 and over	14,095	9,360	4,735	65	55	10
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	163,140	...	...	620	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,230	...	...	63,168	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,248	...	...	53,376	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	50,375	...	...	230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,090	...	...	29,376	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,660	...	...	28,064	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	112,760	...	...	390	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,275	...	...	86,016	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,721	...	...	73,216	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	163,140	...	...	650	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	81,808	...	...	74,652	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,772	...	...	62,326	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	50,385	...	...	245	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,178	...	...	45,930	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,466	...	...	39,201	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	112,750	...	...	405	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,072	...	...	92,177	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,763	...	...	76,436	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	163,135	...	...	615	...	...
Under $5,000	1,960	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,425	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,940	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	6,980	...	...	35	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,110	...	...	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,240	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	7,255	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,345	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,195	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,105	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	13,740	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	12,660	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	11,170	...	...	35	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10,225	...	...	40	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	8,765	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,030	...	...	165	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	17,285	...	...	50	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,625	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	12,235	...	...	40	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,885	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	163,135	...	...	615	...	...
Under $5,000	2,070	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,475	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,000	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	7,375	...	...	35	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,960	...	...	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	7,595	...	...	45	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	9,305	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	9,335	...	...	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	9,180	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,990	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	16,630	...	...	60	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	14,700	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	12,500	...	...	45	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10,500	...	...	35	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	8,625	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	30,910	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15,190	...	...	50	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,155	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,565	...	...	30	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	108,680	...	...	370	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,923	...	...	87,680	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,104	...	...	73,933	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	42,115	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,574	...	...	71,936	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,965	...	...	63,744	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	43,935	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,432	...	...	122,624	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,243	...	...	97,536	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	19,735	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,981	...	...	38,912	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,345	...	...	37,120	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	108,615	...	...	390	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,839	...	...	94,334	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,231	...	...	78,079	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	42,035	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,244	...	...	79,301	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,913	...	...	67,593	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	44,040	...	...	145	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,619	...	...	123,599	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,253	...	...	98,733	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,650	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,037	...	...	0	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,605	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	61,930	30,650	31,275	285	130	155
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,136	33,648	32,626	28,288	34,496	24,384
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,538	29,798	29,323	26,496	29,376	23,712
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	61,985	30,780	31,205	280	125	160
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,362	41,145	39,590	41,966	38,716	44,507
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,397	33,820	32,979	35,970	32,535	38,657
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	376,910	186,075	190,830	1,350	635	715
In the bottom half of the distribution	192,605	93,525	99,080	705	315	390
In the bottom decile	33,885	16,865	17,020	115	50	65
In the second decile	36,730	17,255	19,470	175	70	110
In the third decile	39,780	19,180	20,600	125	60	65
In the fourth decile	41,120	19,885	21,240	145	70	75
In the fifth decile	41,090	20,340	20,750	140	65	75
In the top half of the distribution	184,305	92,555	91,745	645	325	320
In the sixth decile	42,265	20,945	21,320	150	65	85
In the seventh decile	42,190	20,975	21,210	130	70	65
In the eighth decile	41,190	20,760	20,430	160	80	80
In the ninth decile	36,265	18,435	17,830	120	65	50
In the top decile	22,400	11,435	10,960	80	40	45
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	375,690	185,465	190,225	1,350	640	715
0 to 17 years	80,000	40,875	39,125	275	125	150
0 to 5 years	27,195	13,855	13,340	105	50	55
18 to 64 years	242,000	119,125	122,875	735	370	365
65 years and over	53,695	25,465	28,225	340	145	195
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50,525	24,280	26,240	215	80	135
0 to 17 years	11,375	5,925	5,450	35	15	20
0 to 5 years	4,100	2,170	1,925	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	30,540	14,940	15,600	95	40	50
65 years and over	8,610	3,420	5,190	85	25	55
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.4	13.1	13.8	15.9	12.5	18.9
0 to 17 years (%)	14.2	14.5	13.9	12.7	12.0	13.3
0 to 5 years (%)	15.1	15.7	14.4	14.3	10.0	18.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.5	12.7	12.9	10.8	13.7
65 years and over (%)	16.0	13.4	18.4	25.0	17.2	28.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	32,645	16,080	16,565	85	40	45
0 to 17 years	6,880	3,575	3,300	20	5	15
0 to 5 years	2,560	1,340	1,225	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	22,525	11,355	11,170	55	30	30
65 years and over	3,235	1,145	2,090	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.7	8.7	8.7	6.3	6.3	6.3
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.7	8.4	7.3	4.0	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	9.4	9.7	9.2	4.8	0.0	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	9.5	9.1	7.5	8.1	8.2
65 years and over (%)	6.0	4.5	7.4	1.5	0.0	2.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	376,910	186,090	190,820	1,385	640	745
Official languages	375,135	185,320	189,820	1,390	645	745
English	262,960	133,665	129,295	1,390	640	745
French	342,240	167,890	174,350	70	40	30
Non-official languages	53,725	25,820	27,905	190	100	100
Aboriginal languages	975	400	575	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	940	390	560	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	385	135	245	0	0	0
Atikamekw	10	10	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	15	10	15	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	55	25	30	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	290	105	190	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	20	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	530	225	305	0	0	0
Algonquin	500	210	290	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	15	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	10	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	52,760	25,425	27,335	190	100	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	11,160	5,860	5,300	10	0	0
Berber languages	800	445	350	0	0	0
Kabyle	505	250	250	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	305	200	100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	380	185	200	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	360	165	190	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10,395	5,485	4,915	0	0	0
Amharic	150	70	85	0	0	0
Arabic	10,145	5,365	4,780	10	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	80	50	30	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	50	25	30	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	865	425	440	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	260	130	130	0	0	0
Vietnamese	615	300	310	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	630	210	420	85	40	50
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	10	20	0	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	100	45	55	0	0	0
Malay	95	40	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	405	105	300	85	40	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	2,890	1,370	1,520	20	10	0
Haitian Creole	225	115	110	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	2,600	1,220	1,375	20	15	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	70	40	35	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	50	30	20	0	0	0
Telugu	0	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	29,180	13,670	15,515	75	35	45
Albanian	80	40	35	0	0	0
Armenian	90	55	35	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,035	2,010	2,030	55	25	25
Baltic languages	55	25	25	0	0	0
Latvian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	4,000	1,990	2,015	55	25	30
Belarusan	35	15	25	0	0	0
Bosnian	240	125	115	0	0	0
Bulgarian	240	120	120	0	0	0
Croatian	280	140	145	0	0	0
Czech	100	40	55	0	0	0
Macedonian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Polish	515	225	285	0	0	0
Russian	1,485	750	740	0	0	0
Serbian	705	365	340	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	430	245	190	0	0	0
Slovak	110	35	80	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	20	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	335	150	185	50	20	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	30	15	25	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,560	1,310	1,250	25	10	15
Afrikaans	50	25	30	0	0	0
Danish	70	50	25	0	0	0
Dutch	335	170	165	0	0	0
Frisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,065	1,085	975	20	10	15
Icelandic	15	0	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	30	20	20	0	0	10
Swedish	45	20	25	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	10	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Greek	250	170	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,385	670	715	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	575	235	340	0	0	0
Bengali	65	30	35	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	205	90	115	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	15	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	70	85	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	275	105	175	0	0	0
Iranian languages	850	450	395	0	0	0
Kurdish	140	100	40	0	0	0
Pashto	20	15	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	755	380	370	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	21,960	10,025	11,935	0	0	0
Catalan	20	15	10	0	0	0
Italian	1,860	980	880	10	0	0
Portuguese	3,700	1,745	1,955	0	0	0
Romanian	1,325	665	660	0	0	0
Spanish	16,285	7,205	9,080	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0	0	0
Japanese	280	155	120	10	10	0
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	215	95	120	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5,810	2,895	2,910	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	70	30	40	0	0	0
Bamanankan	235	105	130	0	0	0
Edo	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ewe	170	105	65	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	270	140	135	0	0	0
Ga	20	10	20	0	0	0
Ganda	10	0	10	0	0	0
Igbo	30	20	0	0	0	0
Lingala	755	365	390	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	980	485	495	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	835	410	425	0	0	0
Shona	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	1,310	700	610	0	0	0
Wolof	505	225	275	0	0	0
Yoruba	155	90	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,640	845	795	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	30	30	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	445	185	255	0	0	0
American Sign Language	135	35	95	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	150	55	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	200	105	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,320	1,175	1,150	0	0	0
Chinese languages	2,305	1,170	1,140	0	0	0
Cantonese	400	215	185	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,845	915	935	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	40	45	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	65	60	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	210	95	115	0	0	0
Lao	130	60	65	0	0	0
Thai	110	50	60	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	325	180	145	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	0	0	0
Turkish	250	145	105	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	20	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	205	105	95	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	170	90	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	376,905	186,090	190,815	1,385	645	745
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	364,865	180,155	184,710	1,260	575	690
Canadian citizens aged under 18	78,230	40,095	38,130	260	100	160
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	286,635	140,060	146,580	995	475	520
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	12,040	5,935	6,110	130	70	60
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	376,910	186,090	190,815	1,390	640	745
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	337,810	166,620	171,190	1,240	575	665
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	37,040	18,425	18,620	115	55	65
Before 1981	5,975	3,045	2,930	20	10	20
1981 to 1990	3,990	2,150	1,840	10	0	10
1991 to 2000	7,175	3,525	3,650	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	12,205	5,885	6,320	15	0	10
2001 to 2005	5,585	2,675	2,910	0	0	0
2006 to 2010	6,620	3,215	3,405	10	0	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	7,700	3,815	3,880	75	45	30
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,055	1,045	1,005	35	15	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	37,040	18,420	18,620	120	55	60
Under 5 years	4,430	2,120	2,310	10	0	10
5 to 14 years	6,205	3,245	2,960	20	0	15
15 to 24 years	7,115	3,440	3,670	30	20	10
25 to 44 years	17,060	8,550	8,515	45	20	25
45 years and over	2,230	1,070	1,160	15	10	10
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	37,040	18,420	18,620	115	55	65
Americas	7,945	3,820	4,125	15	10	10
Brazil	300	160	145	0	0	0
Colombia	1,470	635	835	0	0	0
El Salvador	430	225	205	0	0	0
Guyana	25	15	10	0	0	0
Haiti	2,090	990	1,100	0	0	0
Jamaica	160	85	70	0	0	0
Mexico	505	185	325	0	0	0
Peru	360	190	165	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	95	30	55	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,105	610	490	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,410	690	715	0	0	0
Europe	10,125	5,010	5,115	20	0	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	725	365	360	0	0	0
Croatia	225	115	105	0	0	0
France	2,305	1,165	1,140	0	0	0
Germany	460	230	235	10	0	0
Greece	70	45	25	0	0	0
Hungary	55	30	20	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	75	55	20	0	0	0
Italy	260	170	85	0	0	0
Netherlands	210	130	80	0	0	0
Poland	325	135	190	0	0	0
Portugal	1,450	665	780	0	0	0
Romania	950	470	480	0	0	0
Russian Federation	295	90	200	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	195	105	85	0	0	0
Ukraine	215	95	125	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	830	405	425	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	1,490	735	765	10	0	0
Africa	10,985	5,775	5,215	20	15	0
Algeria	1,205	660	540	0	0	0
Egypt	345	215	130	0	0	0
Ethiopia	105	60	50	0	0	0
Kenya	95	35	60	0	0	0
Morocco	1,535	800	735	0	0	0
Nigeria	115	70	45	0	0	0
Somalia	95	40	55	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	95	55	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	7,400	3,835	3,565	20	15	10
Asia	7,890	3,755	4,135	65	30	35
Afghanistan	110	50	55	0	0	0
Bangladesh	40	20	20	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,445	555	885	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	65	25	40	0	0	0
India	125	50	70	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	500	275	220	0	0	0
Iraq	315	165	150	0	0	0
Japan	50	15	30	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	165	60	100	0	0	0
Lebanon	2,505	1,340	1,160	0	0	0
Pakistan	130	50	75	0	0	0
Philippines	405	110	300	60	30	30
Sri Lanka	60	45	20	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	490	250	245	0	0	0
Taiwan	40	10	35	0	0	0
Viet Nam	375	180	195	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,075	550	530	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	90	50	35	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,695	3,820	3,885	75	50	30
Americas	1,485	770	715	0	0	0
Brazil	60	40	20	0	0	0
Colombia	325	155	175	0	0	0
Cuba	90	40	55	0	0	0
Haiti	480	240	240	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	20	10	0	0	0
Mexico	75	25	55	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	185	130	50	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	55	30	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	185	95	90	0	0	0
Europe	1,125	540	585	0	0	0
France	380	190	190	0	0	0
Germany	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	20	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Romania	120	50	70	0	0	0
Russian Federation	70	15	60	0	0	0
Ukraine	60	30	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	40	25	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	375	190	185	0	0	0
Africa	3,620	1,845	1,780	20	15	10
Algeria	255	120	135	0	0	0
Cameroon	425	240	185	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	360	200	160	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	270	130	140	0	0	0
Egypt	70	40	25	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	315	155	160	0	0	0
Nigeria	60	35	25	0	0	0
Somalia	15	0	10	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	110	65	45	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,730	835	895	20	15	0
Asia	1,455	655	805	55	35	25
Afghanistan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	270	125	150	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	25	10	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	100	50	55	0	0	0
Iraq	80	35	40	0	0	0
Israel	15	0	10	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	220	105	110	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	50	25	25	0	0	0
Philippines	105	10	95	55	30	25
Saudi Arabia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	315	165	150	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkey	15	10	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	150	60	85	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Australia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	376,905	186,090	190,815	1,385	645	745
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	40,930	20,390	20,545	155	75	75
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	30,710	15,550	15,155	165	65	100
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	305,265	150,150	155,115	1,070	500	565
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	31,425	15,585	15,835	95	50	45
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	14,530	7,705	6,820	90	45	40
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	6,645	4,190	2,455	35	15	15
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	7,885	3,520	4,370	55	25	30
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	8,725	3,655	5,065	10	0	0
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	7,865	4,080	3,785	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	300	145	155	0	0	10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	376,910	186,090	190,820	1,390	640	745
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	20,685	10,250	10,435	200	70	130
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	19,750	9,785	9,965	195	65	125
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	8,340	4,030	4,305	20	0	20
Métis	11,270	5,680	5,590	170	65	95
Inuk (Inuit)	140	75	70	10	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	355	175	180	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	575	285	290	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	356,220	175,835	180,385	1,185	575	615
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	376,905	186,090	190,820	1,390	645	745
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	5,305	2,650	2,655	25	0	25
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	371,600	183,440	188,165	1,365	645	720
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	376,905	186,090	190,815	1,390	645	745
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	9,350	4,640	4,710	85	25	60
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	9,085	4,535	4,550	80	25	55
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	6,850	3,415	3,430	10	0	10
Métis single ancestry	2,170	1,100	1,070	60	25	40
Inuit single ancestry	70	20	50	10	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	260	100	160	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	260	100	160	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	27,505	12,900	14,610	135	65	70
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	26,785	12,520	14,265	135	65	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20,190	9,360	10,830	35	15	20
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,370	3,050	3,320	95	45	45
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	220	105	120	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	725	380	340	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	650	340	310	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	30	20	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	340,055	168,555	171,500	1,170	550	615
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	376,905	186,090	190,820	1,385	640	745
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	38,205	19,060	19,140	125	65	60
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,025	505	515	0	0	0
Chinese	2,655	1,160	1,495	0	0	0
Black	17,145	8,595	8,545	25	10	10
Filipino	605	245	360	90	35	50
Latin American	4,335	2,085	2,250	0	0	0
Arab	8,420	4,545	3,880	10	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,330	625	705	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	910	480	435	0	0	0
Korean	305	125	180	0	0	0
Japanese	200	90	110	0	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	440	215	230	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	825	400	425	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	338,705	167,030	171,675	1,265	580	685
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	376,910	186,090	190,815	1,390	640	745
North American Aboriginal origins	36,850	17,540	19,315	220	90	130
First Nations (North American Indian)	28,010	13,255	14,750	45	15	30
Inuit	365	170	195	10	0	15
Métis	9,465	4,595	4,865	165	70	90
Other North American origins	231,630	113,620	118,010	280	125	155
Acadian	1,605	840	770	0	0	0
American	1,950	940	1,005	10	0	0
Canadian	224,665	109,975	114,695	270	120	150
New Brunswicker	40	20	15	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	55	30	20	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	285	140	150	0	0	0
Québécois	6,225	3,220	3,005	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	170,390	84,305	86,085	1,115	530	585
British Isles origins	66,430	32,335	34,095	610	315	290
Channel Islander	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cornish	20	10	10	0	0	0
English	23,170	11,525	11,645	420	240	180
Irish	40,650	19,480	21,170	235	125	110
Manx	10	0	10	0	0	0
Scottish	20,770	9,980	10,790	220	115	100
Welsh	1,040	525	515	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,675	1,325	1,350	10	0	10
French origins	111,455	55,365	56,090	185	75	110
Alsatian	55	20	30	0	0	0
Breton	380	190	195	0	0	0
Corsican	35	30	10	0	0	0
French	111,250	55,265	55,985	190	75	110
Western European origins (except French origins)	18,820	9,030	9,795	410	180	235
Austrian	560	285	275	45	10	40
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	2,195	1,000	1,200	10	0	10
Dutch	2,855	1,415	1,445	75	30	40
Flemish	75	40	40	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	12,970	6,225	6,750	325	145	180
Luxembourger	50	25	25	0	0	0
Swiss	1,120	535	585	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,320	1,130	1,190	55	20	30
Danish	640	375	270	10	0	10
Finnish	300	115	185	15	10	10
Icelandic	115	60	55	20	10	10
Norwegian	630	280	350	10	0	10
Swedish	620	285	330	15	10	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	150	85	70	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	10,620	5,115	5,505	510	230	280
Bulgarian	365	175	190	0	0	0
Byelorussian	155	75	80	0	0	0
Czech	245	70	175	25	10	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	85	35	50	20	15	0
Estonian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	890	375	510	0	0	0
Latvian	100	50	50	0	0	0
Lithuanian	165	105	60	0	0	0
Moldovan	145	80	65	0	0	0
Polish	4,315	2,080	2,240	105	35	70
Romanian	1,570	770	800	10	10	0
Russian	1,685	860	835	25	10	20
Slovak	255	105	145	0	10	0
Ukrainian	2,300	1,165	1,135	390	180	210
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	40	30	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	17,570	8,575	9,000	15	15	10
Albanian	110	50	55	0	0	0
Bosnian	395	190	205	0	0	0
Catalan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	535	280	260	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	885	450	440	0	0	0
Italian	6,970	3,350	3,620	10	10	0
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	85	45	45	0	0	0
Maltese	60	0	50	0	0	0
Montenegrin	45	30	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	5,155	2,470	2,685	0	0	0
Serbian	975	525	450	0	0	0
Sicilian	40	10	35	0	0	0
Slovenian	100	40	55	0	0	0
Spanish	3,195	1,620	1,575	15	10	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	375	195	175	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,190	665	530	10	10	0
Basque	125	60	70	0	0	0
Jewish	425	245	175	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	25	10	20	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	50	30	20	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	580	325	255	0	10	0
Caribbean origins	5,710	2,910	2,805	0	0	10
Antiguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	145	65	75	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Carib	30	10	20	0	0	0
Cuban	450	260	190	0	0	0
Dominican	250	120	135	0	0	0
Grenadian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Haitian	3,720	1,845	1,880	0	0	0
Jamaican	750	405	345	10	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Martinican	15	10	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	35	25	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	55	45	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	205	90	115	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	10	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	130	75	50	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	155	75	80	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,015	2,960	3,055	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	325	150	175	0	0	0
Arawak	20	10	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	135	65	65	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	75	30	45	0	0	0
Brazilian	300	170	135	0	0	0
Chilean	320	155	165	0	0	0
Colombian	1,800	845	950	0	0	0
Costa Rican	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	150	50	105	0	0	0
Guyanese	110	45	70	0	0	0
Hispanic	75	40	40	0	0	0
Honduran	65	30	40	0	0	0
Maya	110	65	45	0	0	0
Mexican	1,130	595	535	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	160	95	65	0	0	0
Panamanian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	485	255	225	0	0	0
Salvadorean	510	240	270	0	0	0
Uruguayan	50	20	30	0	0	0
Venezuelan	285	145	140	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	235	120	115	0	0	0
African origins	18,625	9,450	9,175	15	10	0
Central and West African origins	6,945	3,435	3,505	0	0	0
Akan	20	10	15	0	0	0
Angolan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	505	255	245	0	0	0
Burkinabe	225	120	110	0	0	0
Cameroonian	980	490	490	0	0	0
Chadian	75	45	30	0	0	0
Congolese	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	55	35	20	0	0	0
Gabonese	135	65	70	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	185	80	105	0	0	0
Guinean	360	165	190	0	0	0
Ibo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	650	315	340	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	420	185	235	0	0	0
Malinké	55	20	30	0	0	0
Nigerian	280	130	150	0	0	0
Peulh	135	60	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	530	215	315	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	495	275	220	0	0	0
Wolof	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	90	40	55	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	665	325	340	0	0	0
North African origins	5,585	2,970	2,615	0	0	0
Algerian	1,240	625	625	0	0	0
Berber	950	505	450	0	0	0
Coptic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	705	390	315	0	0	0
Libyan	85	45	35	0	0	0
Maure	60	30	35	0	0	0
Moroccan	2,225	1,165	1,060	0	0	0
Sudanese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	520	330	190	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	195	90	110	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	3,910	1,925	1,985	15	10	0
Afrikaner	10	10	0	0	0	0
Amhara	25	10	15	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	220	105	110	0	0	0
Burundian	1,275	635	640	0	0	0
Djiboutian	155	65	90	0	0	0
Eritrean	40	15	25	0	0	0
Ethiopian	175	75	95	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	65	30	30	0	0	0
Malagasy	190	80	110	15	10	10
Mauritian	45	30	15	10	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	1,130	565	565	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	325	145	175	0	0	0
South African	110	50	60	0	0	0
Tanzanian	70	30	40	0	0	0
Tigrian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Ugandan	30	15	10	0	0	0
Zambian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	20	10	15	0	0	0
Zulu	15	10	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	215	115	95	10	0	10
Other African origins	2,835	1,445	1,385	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	270	125	145	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,615	1,350	1,270	0	0	0
Asian origins	17,215	8,465	8,745	120	65	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,960	5,205	4,755	10	10	0
Afghan	160	65	95	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,340	755	585	0	0	0
Armenian	275	125	145	0	0	0
Assyrian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	30	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	25	15	0	0	0	0
Hazara	15	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian	760	390	370	0	0	0
Iraqi	340	200	135	0	0	0
Israeli	40	25	20	0	0	0
Jordanian	185	75	105	10	0	10
Kazakh	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kurd	85	60	25	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	5,600	2,850	2,750	0	0	0
Palestinian	265	120	145	10	0	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syrian	695	360	335	0	0	0
Tajik	25	15	15	0	0	0
Tatar	15	0	15	0	0	0
Turk	335	205	125	0	0	0
Turkmen	25	15	10	0	0	0
Uighur	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	25	20	0	0	0
Yemeni	20	15	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	115	65	45	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,330	640	690	10	10	0
Bangladeshi	30	15	20	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,065	505	560	15	15	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	165	75	85	0	0	0
Punjabi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	80	50	35	0	0	0
Tamil	25	10	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	20	15	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	6,045	2,685	3,360	95	45	50
Burmese	25	10	20	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	360	185	175	0	0	0
Chinese	3,430	1,540	1,890	0	0	0
Filipino	790	315	475	85	40	45
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	100	50	50	0	0	0
Japanese	265	120	145	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	360	135	230	0	0	0
Laotian	205	105	105	0	0	0
Malaysian	50	25	30	0	0	0
Mongolian	45	20	30	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	60	20	40	0	0	0
Thai	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	850	385	465	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	30	0	20	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	35	20	15	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	35	20	15	0	0	0
Oceania origins	230	110	120	0	0	0
Australian	160	70	95	0	0	0
New Zealander	25	15	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	45	30	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maori	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	15	15	10	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	163,135	...	...	650	...	...
Owner	110,905	...	...	490	...	...
Renter	52,195	...	...	165	...	...
Band housing	35	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	163,135	...	...	655	...	...
Condominium	16,270	...	...	25	...	...
Not condominium	146,865	...	...	625	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	163,140	...	...	650	...	...
No bedrooms	620	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	17,735	...	...	30	...	...
2 bedrooms	47,875	...	...	185	...	...
3 bedrooms	63,515	...	...	250	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	33,385	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	163,135	...	...	655	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	43,035	...	...	105	...	...
5 rooms	28,250	...	...	130	...	...
6 rooms	25,515	...	...	115	...	...
7 rooms	21,910	...	...	100	...	...
8 or more rooms	44,425	...	...	200	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	163,140	...	...	650	...	...
One person or fewer per room	162,070	...	...	650	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,070	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	163,135	...	...	650	...	...
Suitable	158,425	...	...	635	...	...
Not suitable	4,720	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	163,135	...	...	650	...	...
1960 or before	26,490	...	...	210	...	...
1961 to 1980	46,990	...	...	240	...	...
1981 to 1990	25,815	...	...	85	...	...
1991 to 2000	23,410	...	...	55	...	...
2001 to 2005	12,975	...	...	15	...	...
2006 to 2010	15,240	...	...	20	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	12,220	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	163,140	...	...	650	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	151,830	...	...	630	...	...
Major repairs needed	11,305	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	163,140	...	...	650	...	...
1 household maintainer	98,125	...	...	400	...	...
2 household maintainers	63,175	...	...	240	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,845	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	163,140	...	...	650	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,820	...	...	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	23,755	...	...	70	...	...
35 to 44 years	29,150	...	...	115	...	...
45 to 54 years	34,300	...	...	115	...	...
55 to 64 years	34,215	...	...	65	...	...
65 to 74 years	23,005	...	...	105	...	...
75 to 84 years	10,010	...	...	60	...	...
85 years and over	2,875	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	161,740	...	...	650	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	130,250	...	...	545	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	31,490	...	...	110	...	...
30% to less than 100%	27,560	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	109,755	...	...	490	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.7	...	...	44.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.8	...	...	7.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,077	...	...	515	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,131	...	...	729	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	249,964	...	...	174,677	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	268,365	...	...	185,807	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	52,110	...	...	165	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.8	...	...	27.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	35.6	...	...	42.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	772	...	...	742	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	819	...	...	830	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	309,055	151,375	157,675	1,140	545	600
No certificate, diploma or degree	65,385	35,305	30,075	295	150	145
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	69,395	32,985	36,410	325	160	165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	174,275	83,080	91,190	525	235	295
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	43,395	24,980	18,410	145	90	50
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,895	14,780	15,115	95	55	40
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	13,500	10,205	3,295	50	35	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	54,775	24,280	30,495	180	50	130
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,925	3,465	5,460	45	20	20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	67,180	30,350	36,830	155	65	90
Bachelor's degree	42,790	18,015	24,775	125	60	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,675	2,120	2,560	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,170	595	580	15	0	15
Master's degree	15,950	8,005	7,950	20	0	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,585	1,615	965	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	210,990	103,200	107,790	620	305	320
No certificate, diploma or degree	30,995	18,275	12,720	80	50	30
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	42,100	20,225	21,875	180	90	90
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	137,900	64,700	73,200	365	165	205
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	33,920	18,990	14,930	95	70	30
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	23,570	11,235	12,335	65	45	20
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	10,350	7,755	2,595	30	20	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	41,020	18,380	22,640	145	45	100
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,380	2,530	3,850	20	0	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	56,580	24,800	31,780	105	45	55
Bachelor's degree	35,765	14,770	20,995	85	40	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,780	1,625	2,155	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,000	460	535	10	0	10
Master's degree	13,940	6,705	7,235	20	10	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,095	1,235	865	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	309,055	151,375	157,675	1,145	545	600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	134,780	68,295	66,485	620	310	305
Education	12,415	3,195	9,220	55	15	40
13. Education	12,415	3,195	9,215	55	15	40
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,245	2,305	2,940	15	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,005	655	345	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	4,240	1,655	2,590	15	10	10
Humanities	10,240	4,180	6,055	0	0	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,195	560	1,635	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	655	235	425	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,850	1,520	2,330	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	85	35	50	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	560	405	160	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	550	355	195	0	0	0
54. History	1,090	690	400	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	1,250	380	865	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	22,310	8,250	14,060	45	20	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	250	60	190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,720	985	1,740	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,145	250	2,885	30	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	3,470	1,270	2,200	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	540	125	420	10	10	0
42. Psychology	3,205	785	2,420	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	8,975	4,770	4,205	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	41,675	14,380	27,290	85	20	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	25	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,560	1,050	2,505	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	38,070	13,300	24,765	80	20	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,615	3,020	2,590	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,090	895	1,195	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	995	585	410	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	690	355	335	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,500	1,035	475	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	345	165	180	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,095	6,000	3,100	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,330	5,325	2,005	0	0	10
25. Library science	895	160	735	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	780	435	345	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	85	75	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	30,295	28,180	2,110	125	125	0
04. Architecture and related services	1,160	750	410	0	0	0
14. Engineering	4,740	3,965	775	10	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,715	5,250	460	35	35	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,890	8,720	165	45	40	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,220	6,060	165	35	30	0
48. Precision production	3,565	3,430	130	0	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,805	2,545	1,260	20	15	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,830	1,075	755	25	20	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,975	1,470	505	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20,230	3,870	16,365	120	15	100
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,570	815	760	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	18,380	2,910	15,475	100	10	95
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	280	145	130	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,320	7,140	6,180	45	10	35
12. Personal and culinary services	7,520	2,210	5,315	45	10	35
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	130	115	20	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,615	2,910	705	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,005	1,865	140	10	0	0
Other	30	10	25	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	0	25	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	210,995	103,205	107,790	620	300	320
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	73,095	38,505	34,590	255	135	115
Education	8,580	2,065	6,515	30	10	25
13. Education	8,580	2,065	6,515	30	10	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,115	1,805	2,305	15	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	725	455	265	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	3,395	1,350	2,040	15	10	10
Humanities	6,685	2,675	4,010	10	0	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,810	460	1,350	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	460	165	295	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,000	845	1,160	0	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	65	25	45	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	390	265	125	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	280	185	95	0	0	0
54. History	810	495	305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	870	235	635	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,415	6,665	11,750	25	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	220	65	160	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,260	820	1,445	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,700	210	2,490	15	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	2,830	965	1,870	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	405	95	310	10	0	0
42. Psychology	2,605	580	2,025	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	7,390	3,935	3,455	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	34,705	11,610	23,095	60	10	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	20	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,990	855	2,140	0	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	31,670	10,735	20,935	50	10	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,925	2,040	1,885	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,835	790	1,050	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	555	330	225	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	70	60	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,165	750	415	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,075	5,355	2,720	0	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,645	4,830	1,815	0	0	10
25. Library science	715	120	595	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	640	345	300	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	75	65	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	23,470	21,655	1,815	95	90	10
04. Architecture and related services	1,000	620	385	0	0	0
14. Engineering	4,050	3,345	700	10	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,430	4,065	365	25	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	6,520	6,400	125	25	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,845	4,715	125	30	30	0
48. Precision production	2,620	2,505	115	0	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,195	2,085	1,110	15	15	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,455	815	640	20	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,745	1,275	470	0	0	0
Health and related fields	16,155	3,195	12,955	75	10	60
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,330	665	665	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	14,580	2,395	12,185	60	10	60
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	240	135	110	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,555	5,540	5,020	40	10	35
12. Personal and culinary services	5,985	1,705	4,280	45	10	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	45	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	85	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	2,835	2,220	615	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,595	1,485	105	0	0	0
Other	30	10	25	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	10	25	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	309,050	151,375	157,675	1,145	540	600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	134,775	68,290	66,485	620	310	305
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	174,275	83,085	91,190	525	230	290
Location of study inside Canada	162,165	77,050	85,110	440	195	240
Same as province or territory of residence	108,775	50,795	57,985	325	145	180
Different than province or territory of residence	53,385	26,255	27,125	115	55	60
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	12,115	6,030	6,085	85	30	50
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,325	765	560	10	10	10
Philippines	165	30	135	50	20	25
India	55	20	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	580	310	270	10	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	485	200	285	0	0	0
France	1,760	1,025	740	0	0	0
Other	7,745	3,680	4,065	20	10	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	210,990	103,205	107,790	620	300	320
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	73,095	38,505	34,590	255	140	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	137,900	64,700	73,195	365	165	200
Location of study inside Canada	127,710	59,760	67,950	295	135	155
Same as province or territory of residence	85,665	39,215	46,450	220	95	120
Different than province or territory of residence	42,045	20,545	21,505	75	40	35
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	10,190	4,940	5,250	75	30	45
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	935	500	435	10	0	10
Philippines	155	25	130	45	20	25
India	55	20	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	405	235	175	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	460	190	270	0	0	0
France	1,415	815	595	0	0	0
Other	6,770	3,160	3,615	20	10	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	309,050	151,375	157,675	1,145	545	600
In the labour force	203,860	104,605	99,260	670	370	300
Employed	189,605	96,115	93,490	645	355	290
Unemployed	14,255	8,490	5,765	30	20	10
Not in the labour force	105,190	46,770	58,420	475	175	300
Participation rate	66.0	69.1	63.0	58.5	67.9	50.0
Employment rate	61.4	63.5	59.3	56.3	65.1	48.3
Unemployment rate	7.0	8.1	5.8	4.5	5.4	3.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	309,050	151,375	157,680	1,145	545	600
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	99,830	44,435	55,395	430	155	275
Worked	209,220	106,940	102,280	715	385	330
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	107,415	56,575	50,845	330	200	125
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	101,800	50,365	51,435	390	185	205
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.1	43.0	41.7	42.5	40.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	203,860	104,605	99,255	670	370	300
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,885	2,585	2,305	0	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	198,975	102,020	96,955	670	360	300
Employee	177,045	88,475	88,570	595	315	270
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	21,925	13,540	8,385	70	45	25
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	203,860	104,605	99,260	670	370	300
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,890	2,585	2,305	10	0	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	198,975	102,020	96,955	665	365	300
0 Management occupations	20,215	12,095	8,125	65	40	20
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	38,655	11,555	27,100	75	30	50
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	13,385	10,300	3,090	20	25	0
3 Health occupations	12,115	2,380	9,725	30	0	35
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	29,645	9,615	20,030	70	10	60
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,970	2,560	3,415	10	0	10
6 Sales and service occupations	46,040	22,370	23,670	185	65	115
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	26,665	25,570	1,090	140	130	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,680	2,340	340	45	45	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,605	3,230	370	25	30	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	203,865	104,605	99,260	670	370	300
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,890	2,585	2,300	10	10	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	198,975	102,020	96,955	665	365	300
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,415	1,855	560	35	35	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	425	385	40	45	45	0
22 Utilities	1,015	805	210	0	0	0
23 Construction	16,265	14,875	1,385	65	65	10
31-33 Manufacturing	7,075	5,825	1,250	65	55	10
41 Wholesale trade	3,315	2,550	760	10	10	10
44-45 Retail trade	22,410	11,515	10,895	90	35	55
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,255	4,910	1,350	20	25	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,595	2,070	1,530	10	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	4,775	1,900	2,875	30	0	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,570	1,660	905	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,410	5,350	4,065	15	0	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	30	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	9,660	6,435	3,225	20	0	15
61 Educational services	15,745	5,015	10,730	65	10	55
62 Health care and social assistance	23,415	4,460	18,960	60	10	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,690	2,480	2,210	10	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	13,575	6,090	7,490	75	25	50
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,585	3,720	4,865	30	20	10
91 Public administration	43,745	20,105	23,640	20	10	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	189,605	96,115	93,490	640	350	290
Worked at home	11,400	5,685	5,715	25	10	15
Worked outside Canada	380	225	150	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	19,100	15,330	3,775	105	85	20
Worked at usual place	158,730	74,875	83,855	510	255	255
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	158,730	74,880	83,855	515	255	255
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	77,650	34,240	43,410	365	165	205
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,120	3,125	4,000	55	30	25
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	19,090	9,285	9,800	45	20	25
Commute to a different province or territory	54,870	28,225	26,645	45	40	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	177,835	90,210	87,625	615	340	275
Car, truck, van - as a driver	132,040	70,335	61,705	495	300	195
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	10,435	3,445	6,990	25	10	15
Public transit	23,280	9,815	13,465	0	0	0
Walked	7,205	3,355	3,850	80	15	60
Bicycle	3,385	2,440	945	15	10	10
Other method	1,495	820	670	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	177,830	90,205	87,625	620	345	280
Less than 15 minutes	39,070	17,915	21,155	365	150	215
15 to 29 minutes	58,455	29,585	28,870	125	95	30
30 to 44 minutes	45,330	23,820	21,515	65	50	20
45 to 59 minutes	20,095	10,700	9,395	30	30	0
60 minutes and over	14,885	8,180	6,695	30	25	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	177,830	90,210	87,625	615	340	275
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,455	10,365	4,085	35	30	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	42,315	24,110	18,195	100	95	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	54,985	24,745	30,235	160	95	65
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30,660	12,840	17,830	190	60	130
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	13,125	5,745	7,375	50	20	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	22,300	12,395	9,900	85	45	40
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	215,215	109,875	105,335	740	395	345
Single responses	195,595	99,765	95,830	735	390	345
Official languages	194,980	99,445	95,535	740	390	345
English	67,210	37,410	29,800	740	390	345
French	127,770	62,040	65,730	0	0	0
Non-official languages	615	320	300	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	70	25	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	70	25	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	60	25	30	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	15	10	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	545	290	260	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	20	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	45	25	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	70	45	20	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	310	165	145	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	125	115	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	40	25	20	0	0	0
Romanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Spanish	185	100	85	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	0	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	30	0	0	0
Chinese languages	65	35	30	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	35	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	19,620	10,110	9,510	10	0	0
English and French	18,975	9,770	9,205	10	0	0
English and non-official language	230	105	125	0	0	0
French and non-official language	105	60	50	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	305	175	130	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	215,210	109,880	105,340	740	395	345
None	109,060	56,445	52,610	730	395	335
English	64,760	31,425	33,335	0	0	0
French	39,220	20,940	18,280	10	0	10
Non-official language	1,485	745	740	0	0	0
Aboriginal	105	20	80	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,385	725	660	0	0	0
English and French	45	20	25	0	0	0
English and non-official language	300	140	165	0	0	0
French and non-official language	335	155	180	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	372,675	184,040	188,640	1,380	645	740
Non-movers	325,435	160,985	164,450	1,305	610	695
Movers	47,240	23,055	24,190	75	35	45
Non-migrants	29,905	14,470	15,435	15	10	10
Migrants	17,340	8,585	8,755	60	25	35
Internal migrants	14,810	7,355	7,450	25	15	10
Intraprovincial migrants	9,980	4,775	5,205	20	15	10
Interprovincial migrants	4,830	2,580	2,250	0	0	0
External migrants	2,530	1,225	1,300	35	10	25
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	354,265	174,675	179,590	1,305	610	690
Non-movers	222,935	110,595	112,345	900	405	495
Movers	131,330	64,085	67,245	405	210	195
Non-migrants	80,315	38,790	41,525	135	65	70
Migrants	51,020	25,300	25,720	270	140	125
Internal migrants	42,610	21,115	21,495	180	90	95
Intraprovincial migrants	30,095	14,545	15,550	120	60	65
Interprovincial migrants	12,510	6,565	5,940	60	30	35
External migrants	8,405	4,180	4,230	90	55	35

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Région de l'Outaouais [Health region, December 2017], Quebec and Russell [Population centre], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Région de l'Outaouais [Health region, December 2017], Quebec and Russell [Population centre], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Région de l'Outaouais [Health region, December 2017], Quebec and Russell [Population centre], Manitoba

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Région de l'Outaouais [Health region, December 2017], Quebec and Russell [Population centre], Manitoba