Census Profile, 2016 Census
Région de Lanaudière [Health region, December 2017], Quebec and Matsqui 4, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Région de Lanaudière Quebec [Health region, December 2017]			Matsqui 4, IRI British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Région de Lanaudière [Health region, December 2017], Quebec Map : Région de Lanaudière [Health region, December 2017], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Matsqui 4, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	494,796	...	...	471	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	471,748	...	...	498	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.9	...	...	-5.4	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	222,662	...	...	286	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	202,142	...	...	285	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	39.8	...	...	1,680.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	12,423.38	...	...	0.28	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	494,800	245,315	249,480	470	210	260
0 to 14 years	86,340	44,270	42,070	5	0	5
0 to 4 years	27,850	14,310	13,540	0	0	0
5 to 9 years	31,330	16,065	15,265	5	0	5
10 to 14 years	27,160	13,890	13,270	0	0	0
15 to 64 years	323,940	161,550	162,390	65	30	40
15 to 19 years	27,705	14,200	13,500	0	0	5
20 to 24 years	28,470	14,665	13,805	5	5	0
25 to 29 years	26,310	13,160	13,155	5	0	0
30 to 34 years	28,760	14,150	14,610	0	5	0
35 to 39 years	33,040	16,180	16,860	0	0	0
40 to 44 years	31,200	15,565	15,630	5	0	0
45 to 49 years	32,325	16,060	16,270	5	5	0
50 to 54 years	40,055	19,965	20,085	5	0	0
55 to 59 years	41,010	20,285	20,725	15	10	5
60 to 64 years	35,070	17,320	17,750	35	15	25
65 years and over	84,515	39,490	45,015	395	185	215
65 to 69 years	29,930	14,660	15,265	95	35	60
70 to 74 years	22,875	11,265	11,615	135	65	65
75 to 79 years	14,340	6,810	7,535	80	40	40
80 to 84 years	9,335	4,050	5,285	40	20	20
85 years and over	8,030	2,710	5,320	50	25	25
85 to 89 years	5,355	2,035	3,315	25	15	10
90 to 94 years	2,110	580	1,530	20	5	15
95 to 99 years	505	85	415	5	0	0
100 years and over	60	5	55	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.4	18.0	16.9	1.1	0.0	1.9
15 to 64 years	65.5	65.9	65.1	13.8	14.3	15.4
65 years and over	17.1	16.1	18.0	84.0	88.1	82.7
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.1	10.6	11.9	9.6
Average age of the population	41.3	40.6	42.0	71.5	73.0	70.3
Median age of the population	42.6	41.9	43.4	72.3	72.8	71.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	202,145	...	...	285	...	...
Single-detached house	135,115	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,800	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	63,820	...	...	5	...	...
Semi-detached house	9,965	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	2,875	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,635	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	40,445	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	900	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	1,415	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	202,145	...	...	285	...	...
1 person	54,565	...	...	115	...	...
2 persons	73,940	...	...	160	...	...
3 persons	31,735	...	...	5	...	...
4 persons	27,695	...	...	0	...	...
5 or more persons	14,205	...	...	5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	486,290	...	...	470	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	1.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	408,455	201,050	207,410	465	210	255
Married or living common law	244,575	122,160	122,420	330	160	165
Married	135,095	67,510	67,585	285	140	140
Living common law	109,480	54,650	54,835	45	20	30
Not married and not living common law	163,875	78,890	84,990	140	55	90
Never married	109,850	59,960	49,890	25	10	10
Separated	5,400	2,490	2,915	5	5	5
Divorced	27,170	11,360	15,805	40	20	20
Widowed	21,455	5,080	16,380	70	15	55
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	144,360	...	...	165	...	...
2 persons	75,705	...	...	160	...	...
3 persons	30,795	...	...	10	...	...
4 persons	26,830	...	...	0	...	...
5 or more persons	11,030	...	...	0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	144,360	...	...	170	...	...
Total couple families	120,590	...	...	160	...	...
Married couples	65,865	...	...	140	...	...
Common-law couples	54,730	...	...	20	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	23,770	...	...	5	...	...
Female parent	17,315	...	...	0	...	...
Male parent	6,450	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	120,595	...	...	160	...	...
Couples without children	61,480	...	...	155	...	...
Couples with children	59,110	...	...	10	...	...
1 child	23,625	...	...	10	...	...
2 children	25,025	...	...	0	...	...
3 or more children	10,465	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	23,765	...	...	10	...	...
1 child	14,220	...	...	5	...	...
2 children	7,175	...	...	0	...	...
3 or more children	2,370	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	76,300	38,500	37,800	125	45	85
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	202,145	...	...	285	...	...
One-census-family households	139,625	...	...	165	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	59,640	...	...	155	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	79,985	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,335	...	...	0	...	...
Non-census-family households	60,180	...	...	120	...	...
One-person households	54,565	...	...	115	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	5,615	...	...	0	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	490,290	243,665	246,625	475	210	260
English only	1,885	990	900	455	200	260
French only	311,305	146,200	165,100	0	0	0
English and French	175,965	96,010	79,955	15	10	5
Neither English nor French	1,135	465	665	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	490,290	243,665	246,620	475	210	260
English	11,835	6,075	5,760	465	210	255
French	473,070	234,865	238,205	5	5	5
English and French	4,305	2,285	2,015	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	1,075	435	635	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	13,990	7,215	6,770	5	5	0
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.9	3.0	2.7	1.1	2.4	0.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	490,290	243,665	246,620	475	215	265
Single responses	484,345	240,655	243,695	470	210	260
Official languages	461,010	229,055	231,955	450	200	255
English	8,940	4,525	4,415	450	200	250
French	452,065	224,530	227,540	5	5	0
Non-official languages	23,340	11,600	11,740	20	10	10
Aboriginal languages	2,255	1,115	1,140	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	2,250	1,115	1,130	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,245	1,120	1,130	0	0	0
Atikamekw	2,230	1,115	1,120	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,080	10,480	10,600	15	10	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,470	1,865	1,610	0	0	0
Berber languages	710	370	340	0	0	0
Kabyle	375	195	180	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	335	175	165	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,755	1,490	1,270	0	0	0
Amharic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	2,745	1,485	1,260	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	415	190	225	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	225	100	120	0	0	0
Vietnamese	190	85	105	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115	40	80	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	25	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	20	50	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	3,815	1,665	2,150	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	125	55	70	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	3,660	1,590	2,065	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	11,490	5,845	5,645	20	10	5
Albanian	60	30	25	0	0	0
Armenian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	955	445	505	5	5	0
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	940	440	500	5	0	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	75	40	35	0	0	0
Croatian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Czech	35	15	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	325	155	165	0	0	0
Russian	285	115	175	0	0	0
Serbian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Slovak	20	15	10	0	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	75	30	40	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	320	155	160	10	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dutch	45	20	25	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	230	115	115	10	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	10	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	270	170	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	315	160	150	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	165	85	80	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	90	40	45	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	15	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	140	70	70	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,520	4,840	4,685	5	0	0
Catalan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	2,705	1,560	1,145	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,065	515	550	0	0	0
Romanian	695	345	345	0	0	0
Spanish	5,050	2,415	2,640	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	10	20	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	685	330	355	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	25	15	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	20	10	10	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	100	50	50	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	95	45	45	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	85	35	50	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	40	40	0	0	0
Wolof	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	145	70	70	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	90	55	35	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	50	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	40	25	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	205	225	0	0	0
Chinese languages	430	205	225	0	0	0
Cantonese	65	35	35	0	0	0
Hakka	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	295	140	155	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	150	70	80	0	0	0
Lao	135	70	70	0	0	0
Thai	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	215	120	95	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Turkish	215	115	95	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	90	50	35	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	85	50	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5,945	3,010	2,935	0	0	0
English and French	2,835	1,415	1,420	5	0	0
English and non-official language	300	170	135	0	0	0
French and non-official language	2,425	1,230	1,200	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	385	205	175	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	490,290	243,665	246,625	475	215	265
Single responses	480,710	238,910	241,800	470	215	260
Official languages	470,950	234,180	236,770	470	210	260
English	8,790	4,440	4,345	465	210	260
French	462,165	229,735	232,425	0	0	0
Non-official languages	9,760	4,735	5,030	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	2,080	1,030	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	2,080	1,030	1,050	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,075	1,030	1,050	0	0	0
Atikamekw	2,075	1,025	1,050	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,680	3,705	3,975	5	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,065	530	535	0	0	0
Berber languages	255	120	135	0	0	0
Kabyle	135	60	70	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	810	410	400	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	810	410	400	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	90	95	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	110	50	55	0	0	0
Vietnamese	80	35	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	20	5	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	15	10	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	15	5	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	1,020	390	630	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	45	20	25	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	950	360	585	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,545	2,255	2,290	0	0	0
Albanian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	410	200	210	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	410	200	210	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	120	55	60	0	0	0
Russian	155	75	80	0	0	0
Serbian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	20	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	30	20	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	85	45	40	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	195	100	95	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	130	60	70	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	85	40	45	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	65	35	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	50	25	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,770	1,865	1,900	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	385	200	180	0	0	0
Portuguese	260	125	140	0	0	0
Romanian	465	230	235	0	0	0
Spanish	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	5	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	145	65	80	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	5	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	5	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	105	60	45	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	50	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	60	35	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	300	150	150	0	0	0
Chinese languages	300	150	150	0	0	0
Cantonese	35	15	20	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	230	115	115	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	45	0	0	0
Lao	70	35	40	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	150	75	80	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	150	70	80	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	9,575	4,750	4,820	0	0	0
English and French	3,105	1,605	1,505	0	0	0
English and non-official language	355	175	180	0	0	0
French and non-official language	5,125	2,460	2,665	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	980	510	470	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	490,290	243,665	246,620	475	210	260
None	449,920	223,140	226,785	470	210	260
English	20,440	10,735	9,705	0	0	0
French	7,945	3,905	4,035	0	0	0
Non-official language	10,125	4,945	5,180	0	0	5
Aboriginal	125	65	55	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	10,000	4,875	5,125	5	0	0
English and French	370	185	185	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,100	550	555	0	0	0
French and non-official language	370	200	170	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	400,015	198,115	201,900	465	210	255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	385,295	191,565	193,735	460	210	250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,033	39,969	28,385	23,904	27,648	22,123
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	385,420	191,570	193,845	460	210	250
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,263	34,683	25,940	23,360	25,728	21,909
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	341,400	174,845	166,555	380	180	200
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,665	37,099	24,812	12,144	14,688	11,168
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	295,540	137,050	158,490	450	205	245
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,848	7,038	8,458	15,061	15,968	13,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	280,400	146,745	133,655	160	85	75
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,278	37,947	27,315	2,224	2,224	1,992
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	400,015	198,085	201,930	465	205	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	385,285	191,520	193,760	470	205	260
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,842	47,081	34,676	36,604	45,405	29,542
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	385,390	191,525	193,865	465	205	260
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,923	38,257	29,642	31,911	39,390	25,910
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	341,670	175,085	166,585	400	195	200
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,280	44,892	31,329	26,655	32,550	20,984
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	294,990	137,105	157,885	450	195	250
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,006	8,438	9,499	14,446	15,614	13,526
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	280,400	146,850	133,550	160	90	65
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,776	44,128	32,891	26,809	27,521	25,857
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	400,015	198,085	201,930	465	210	260
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	122,835	66,805	56,035	25	10	15
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,540	52,682	40,873	37,887	0	0
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	52,886	58,873	45,748	49,545	0	52,777
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.1	87.3	77.6	54.1	56.7	52.4
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	69.0	71.8	65.2	19.1	18.2	19.1
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.9	12.7	22.4	45.5	43.5	47.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	400,015	198,120	201,900	465	210	255
Without total income	14,715	6,550	8,160	0	5	0
With total income	385,300	191,565	193,740	465	210	250
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.7	96.0	100.0	100.0	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	44,115	18,475	25,645	30	5	25
$10,000 to $19,999	68,850	26,155	42,695	125	45	80
$20,000 to $29,999	58,615	25,600	33,020	150	65	85
$30,000 to $39,999	52,885	25,635	27,245	45	25	20
$40,000 to $49,999	47,155	24,210	22,945	50	30	25
$50,000 to $59,999	34,575	19,475	15,100	25	10	10
$60,000 to $69,999	24,560	15,125	9,435	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	18,985	11,735	7,245	5	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	11,985	7,770	4,215	10	10	0
$90,000 to $99,999	7,280	5,150	2,135	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	16,290	12,230	4,060	10	5	5
$100,000 to $149,999	12,000	8,910	3,095	5	5	0
$150,000 and over	4,285	3,325	960	5	0	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	400,015	198,115	201,900	465	210	255
Without after-tax income	14,595	6,545	8,055	0	5	5
With after-tax income	385,415	191,570	193,845	460	210	255
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	96.7	96.0	98.9	100.0	100.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	46,255	18,950	27,305	30	10	25
$10,000 to $19,999	72,615	27,975	44,635	130	50	80
$20,000 to $29,999	72,020	32,355	39,665	155	70	90
$30,000 to $39,999	68,195	34,940	33,255	60	25	30
$40,000 to $49,999	50,850	28,450	22,395	30	25	10
$50,000 to $59,999	32,960	20,170	12,785	25	10	10
$60,000 to $69,999	19,965	12,470	7,495	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	9,545	6,570	2,975	0	0	0
$80,000 and over	13,015	9,685	3,330	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,890	3,520	1,375	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,580	1,950	630	5	0	5
$100,000 and over	5,550	4,220	1,330	5	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	400,015	198,115	201,895	465	210	255
Without employment income	119,610	51,370	68,245	305	125	180
With employment income	280,400	146,745	133,655	160	85	80
Percentage with employment income	70.1	74.1	66.2	34.4	40.5	31.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	34,630	18,070	16,555	90	45	45
$5,000 to $9,999	20,775	8,900	11,875	15	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	41,315	17,485	23,830	15	5	5
$20,000 to $29,999	35,440	15,840	19,600	10	10	0
$30,000 to $39,999	35,145	16,530	18,610	10	0	5
$40,000 to $49,999	30,220	15,490	14,730	5	0	5
$50,000 to $59,999	23,280	13,835	9,445	5	0	5
$60,000 to $69,999	17,765	11,375	6,390	5	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	15,325	9,575	5,750	5	5	0
$80,000 and over	26,500	19,645	6,865	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	8,895	6,215	2,685	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5,645	4,180	1,470	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	11,960	9,250	2,710	5	0	0
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	202,140	...	...	285	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	65,435	...	...	42,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,599	...	...	39,515	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	54,570	...	...	115	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,739	...	...	27,232	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,302	...	...	25,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	147,575	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,600	...	...	50,048	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	68,967	...	...	47,872	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	202,140	...	...	285	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	77,845	...	...	59,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	64,676	...	...	52,177	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	54,525	...	...	110	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,490	...	...	34,740	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,012	...	...	30,668	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	147,620	...	...	170	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,012	...	...	76,347	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	66,308	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	202,145	...	...	285	...	...
Under $5,000	1,590	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,240	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,010	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,335	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	9,060	...	...	35	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	7,590	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10,180	...	...	30	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10,065	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10,030	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	9,600	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	18,070	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	16,615	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15,210	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	13,415	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	11,485	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	53,645	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	22,150	...	...	0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	13,700	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	11,915	...	...	5	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,880	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	202,140	...	...	285	...	...
Under $5,000	1,790	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,295	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,080	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,830	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10,150	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	9,280	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,620	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,245	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,200	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	11,855	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	21,995	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	19,545	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	16,320	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	13,855	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	11,280	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	32,805	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	18,125	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,045	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,630	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	143,655	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,645	...	...	51,328	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,931	...	...	48,512	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	58,210	...	...	150	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,514	...	...	48,683	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	58,942	...	...	46,891	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	59,495	...	...	5	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,696	...	...	0	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,864	...	...	0	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	22,565	...	...	5	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,652	...	...	0	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,363	...	...	0	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	143,695	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,153	...	...	78,186	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,395	...	...	67,773	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	58,105	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,559	...	...	79,007	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	67,965	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	59,585	...	...	10	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,928	...	...	0	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,068	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,575	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,425	...	...	0	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,396	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	66,865	34,405	32,460	125	45	80
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,424	34,118	26,946	26,816	30,528	24,416
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,526	30,052	25,196	25,312	27,328	24,384
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	66,520	33,850	32,665	130	40	95
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,492	40,774	34,090	32,704	37,205	30,833
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,514	33,516	29,439	28,990	34,186	26,829
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	486,285	242,335	243,955	475	215	260
In the bottom half of the distribution	271,855	132,290	139,560	360	160	200
In the bottom decile	34,965	17,165	17,800	25	10	15
In the second decile	50,355	22,870	27,480	105	40	65
In the third decile	60,665	29,610	31,060	110	45	65
In the fourth decile	63,460	31,385	32,075	55	30	30
In the fifth decile	62,410	31,260	31,150	60	30	30
In the top half of the distribution	214,435	110,045	104,385	110	55	60
In the sixth decile	60,780	31,045	29,735	35	15	20
In the seventh decile	55,445	28,285	27,155	35	15	25
In the eighth decile	46,440	23,900	22,540	15	10	10
In the ninth decile	33,045	17,070	15,975	20	15	10
In the top decile	18,725	9,740	8,980	5	0	5
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	484,225	241,290	242,930	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	101,895	52,140	49,755	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	33,630	17,240	16,385	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	305,120	151,960	153,160	0	0	0
65 years and over	77,210	37,190	40,020	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	56,705	26,280	30,430	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	12,220	6,315	5,910	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	3,735	1,940	1,800	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	31,710	15,100	16,605	0	0	0
65 years and over	12,780	4,865	7,915	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.7	10.9	12.5	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.1	11.9	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.3	11.0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	9.9	10.8	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	16.6	13.1	19.8	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	27,650	13,565	14,085	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	5,375	2,820	2,550	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	1,580	830	750	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	19,195	9,765	9,430	0	0	0
65 years and over	3,080	980	2,105	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.7	5.6	5.8	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.4	5.1	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.6	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.4	6.2	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	4.0	2.6	5.3	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	486,285	242,335	243,950	470	205	265
Official languages	485,190	241,910	243,280	470	210	265
English	176,880	96,305	80,575	470	210	265
French	483,450	241,030	242,420	20	10	10
Non-official languages	43,525	20,975	22,550	20	0	10
Aboriginal languages	2,395	1,170	1,230	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	2,380	1,160	1,225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,375	1,155	1,220	0	0	0
Atikamekw	2,360	1,150	1,200	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	20	0	20	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	41,135	19,810	21,325	20	10	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,155	2,725	2,430	0	0	0
Berber languages	945	485	455	0	0	0
Kabyle	300	165	140	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	640	325	320	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	4,635	2,445	2,190	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	4,595	2,415	2,180	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	30	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	550	255	295	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	250	130	115	0	0	0
Vietnamese	310	125	185	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	125	35	85	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	0	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	15	0	15	0	0	0
Malay	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	15	65	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	8,240	3,755	4,485	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	335	155	180	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	7,845	3,560	4,285	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	25	10	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	24,750	12,000	12,760	0	0	0
Albanian	95	50	40	0	0	0
Armenian	45	35	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,310	635	675	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,305	635	665	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	95	45	45	0	0	0
Croatian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Czech	30	0	20	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	405	220	180	0	0	0
Russian	595	275	320	0	0	0
Serbian	50	35	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	15	30	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	45	65	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	915	500	415	10	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	110	55	55	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	760	405	350	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	25	25	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	20	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0	0	0
Greek	390	215	170	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	420	210	215	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	205	105	105	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	90	35	55	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Urdu	50	40	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	210	110	105	0	0	0
Kurdish	45	20	25	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	165	85	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	22,055	10,585	11,470	0	0	0
Catalan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	5,285	2,950	2,340	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,755	900	855	0	0	0
Romanian	825	405	415	0	0	0
Spanish	15,135	6,800	8,340	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Japanese	95	45	45	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	35	10	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,195	580	615	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	20	15	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	20	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	25	10	15	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	10	20	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	455	215	240	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	60	75	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	25	35	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	230	110	120	0	0	0
Wolof	110	45	70	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	315	180	135	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	570	270	300	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	325	155	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	235	110	125	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	510	250	260	0	0	0
Chinese languages	510	250	265	0	0	0
Cantonese	135	60	75	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	410	195	215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	335	160	175	0	0	0
Lao	315	155	155	0	0	0
Thai	45	15	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	265	140	125	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	265	140	125	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	125	65	60	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	115	60	55	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	486,290	242,335	243,955	475	210	265
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	480,655	239,535	241,120	460	200	260
Canadian citizens aged under 18	102,085	52,160	49,930	10	0	10
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	378,570	187,380	191,190	455	200	255
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	5,635	2,800	2,830	10	10	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	486,290	242,335	243,950	470	205	265
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	459,585	229,095	230,485	420	185	230
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	25,960	12,800	13,160	55	20	35
Before 1981	5,630	3,070	2,555	45	15	30
1981 to 1990	3,440	1,715	1,725	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	5,155	2,425	2,730	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	9,065	4,285	4,780	0	0	0
2001 to 2005	4,655	2,195	2,455	10	10	0
2006 to 2010	4,415	2,090	2,320	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	2,665	1,305	1,360	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	745	435	310	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	25,960	12,805	13,160	55	25	30
Under 5 years	3,555	1,640	1,925	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	4,925	2,390	2,530	10	0	10
15 to 24 years	5,205	2,530	2,675	15	10	10
25 to 44 years	10,865	5,650	5,210	25	10	15
45 years and over	1,405	585	825	10	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	25,960	12,800	13,160	55	20	30
Americas	10,640	4,845	5,795	10	0	0
Brazil	75	30	40	0	0	0
Colombia	760	325	435	0	0	0
El Salvador	355	165	190	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	5,800	2,560	3,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	15	10	0	0	0
Mexico	390	140	255	0	0	0
Peru	550	260	295	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	15	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	720	350	370	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,925	990	940	0	0	0
Europe	7,265	4,050	3,220	45	20	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	10	25	0	0	0
Croatia	20	10	10	0	0	0
France	2,760	1,535	1,225	0	0	0
Germany	220	105	110	0	0	0
Greece	95	70	25	0	0	0
Hungary	30	20	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italy	1,110	745	365	0	0	0
Netherlands	35	20	15	10	0	10
Poland	240	140	105	0	0	0
Portugal	625	350	275	0	0	0
Romania	570	265	305	0	0	0
Russian Federation	145	55	90	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	25	25	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	85	30	60	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	110	70	40	40	15	25
Other places of birth in Europe	1,150	590	555	0	0	0
Africa	5,495	2,820	2,670	0	0	0
Algeria	1,705	910	795	0	0	0
Egypt	140	80	65	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	1,565	815	755	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,055	1,005	1,050	0	0	0
Asia	2,530	1,070	1,460	0	0	0
Afghanistan	35	10	30	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	675	130	540	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	0	0	0	0
India	35	15	20	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	75	55	20	0	0	0
Iraq	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	60	45	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	290	165	125	0	0	0
Pakistan	40	25	15	0	0	0
Philippines	90	25	70	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	25	10	15	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	95	60	35	0	0	0
Taiwan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam	250	120	130	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	805	385	420	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	15	10	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,670	1,305	1,360	0	0	0
Americas	1,370	670	700	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	205	85	120	0	0	0
Cuba	125	60	65	0	0	0
Haiti	690	335	360	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mexico	55	15	40	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	50	35	10	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	205	120	85	0	0	0
Europe	335	195	140	0	0	0
France	245	145	100	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	30	0	0	0
Africa	640	280	360	0	0	0
Algeria	170	90	75	0	0	0
Cameroon	50	20	35	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	15	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	10	0	0	0
Egypt	40	15	25	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	135	50	90	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	20	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	190	85	110	0	0	0
Asia	315	155	160	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	35	20	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	10	10	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	30	10	20	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	35	0	25	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	10	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	45	35	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	0	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	35	40	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	486,290	242,335	243,955	470	205	265
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	27,340	13,540	13,800	55	25	35
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	30,260	15,455	14,810	165	80	90
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	428,685	213,340	215,345	245	100	145
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	20,725	9,930	10,790	10	10	0
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	9,050	4,720	4,330	10	0	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	4,045	2,730	1,320	0	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	5,000	1,990	3,010	0	0	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	7,935	3,345	4,590	0	10	0
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	3,510	1,735	1,775	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	225	130	100	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	486,285	242,335	243,955	470	210	265
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	8,170	3,980	4,190	30	10	20
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	7,805	3,815	3,990	25	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	4,800	2,310	2,490	20	0	10
Métis	2,970	1,495	1,475	10	0	10
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	25	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	155	75	80	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	210	90	120	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	478,120	238,355	239,760	445	200	245
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	486,285	242,335	243,950	470	205	265
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	3,730	1,825	1,905	20	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	482,560	240,510	242,045	455	205	250
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	486,285	242,335	243,950	475	210	265
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	6,970	3,410	3,560	15	10	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	6,795	3,325	3,470	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	6,000	2,895	3,110	15	10	10
Métis single ancestry	715	395	320	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	75	35	40	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	180	85	90	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	170	85	80	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	13,915	6,450	7,460	10	10	0
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	13,625	6,280	7,345	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	11,980	5,525	6,460	10	10	0
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,525	725	810	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	110	30	80	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	290	175	120	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	280	175	105	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	465,405	232,475	232,925	445	195	250
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	486,285	242,335	243,950	475	205	265
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	29,885	14,350	15,535	0	0	0
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	390	190	200	0	0	0
Chinese	1,000	280	720	0	0	0
Black	17,075	8,310	8,770	0	0	0
Filipino	175	70	105	0	0	0
Latin American	4,835	2,290	2,545	0	0	0
Arab	4,170	2,165	2,005	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,310	620	685	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	185	95	95	0	0	0
Korean	140	90	50	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	20	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	150	55	95	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	440	190	250	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	456,405	227,985	228,415	470	205	265
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	486,290	242,335	243,950	470	210	265
North American Aboriginal origins	20,885	9,860	11,025	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,450	8,680	9,765	25	10	15
Inuit	215	65	145	0	0	0
Métis	2,695	1,370	1,325	10	0	10
Other North American origins	358,975	178,435	180,540	125	60	70
Acadian	2,865	1,345	1,520	0	0	0
American	2,295	1,095	1,195	0	0	10
Canadian	341,745	169,680	172,070	115	50	65
New Brunswicker	70	45	25	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Ontarian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Québécois	16,210	8,155	8,060	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	10	10	0
European origins	161,845	81,230	80,610	405	175	225
British Isles origins	35,460	17,145	18,320	300	130	175
Channel Islander	50	25	20	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	7,050	3,270	3,775	225	110	115
Irish	24,505	11,720	12,790	60	20	40
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	7,740	3,750	3,995	90	40	50
Welsh	100	40	60	10	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	735	360	375	15	0	10
French origins	111,595	56,120	55,475	45	15	30
Alsatian	85	45	45	0	0	0
Breton	795	355	440	0	0	0
Corsican	60	30	30	0	0	0
French	110,905	55,790	55,115	45	15	30
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,610	5,225	5,380	95	50	50
Austrian	285	115	170	10	0	10
Bavarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	3,300	1,710	1,595	0	0	0
Dutch	625	295	325	10	0	15
Flemish	95	55	40	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5,670	2,690	2,980	80	45	35
Luxembourger	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss	975	525	455	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	785	310	470	55	20	35
Danish	125	60	65	10	0	0
Finnish	55	30	20	10	10	10
Icelandic	20	15	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	240	75	160	20	0	15
Swedish	220	80	145	15	10	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	135	60	75	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	5,975	3,055	2,920	40	25	15
Bulgarian	135	70	60	0	0	0
Byelorussian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	140	65	70	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	80	45	40	0	10	0
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	620	315	305	15	0	10
Latvian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	185	80	105	0	0	0
Moldovan	140	70	70	0	0	0
Polish	2,190	1,150	1,040	10	10	0
Romanian	1,025	535	485	0	0	0
Russian	735	350	385	10	0	0
Slovak	140	65	75	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,280	665	615	10	10	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	25	10	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	25,755	13,050	12,710	10	0	10
Albanian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	110	60	55	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	1,125	615	505	0	0	0
Italian	18,375	9,235	9,140	10	0	10
Kosovar	45	30	20	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	30	15	20	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Serbian	55	35	20	0	0	0
Sicilian	180	90	90	0	0	0
Slovenian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Spanish	3,780	1,880	1,895	10	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	155	60	95	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	825	400	425	0	0	0
Basque	185	80	105	0	0	0
Jewish	270	155	120	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	15	15	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	355	160	195	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	13,780	6,755	7,025	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	45	20	30	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cuban	660	355	305	0	0	0
Dominican	600	270	330	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	45	30	20	0	0	0
Haitian	12,345	6,015	6,325	0	0	0
Jamaican	145	85	55	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	50	45	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	20	15	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	70	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	10	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	75	40	35	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	75	40	35	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,350	3,010	3,340	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	285	160	120	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	355	180	175	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	60	30	35	0	0	0
Brazilian	190	80	110	0	0	0
Chilean	505	265	245	0	0	0
Colombian	995	465	535	0	0	0
Costa Rican	65	30	30	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	95	35	70	0	0	0
Guatemalan	550	305	240	0	0	0
Guyanese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	55	25	30	0	0	0
Honduran	305	155	145	0	0	0
Maya	35	20	15	0	0	0
Mexican	870	360	515	10	0	0
Nicaraguan	95	35	60	0	0	0
Panamanian	55	35	25	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	910	410	500	0	0	0
Salvadorean	845	385	460	0	0	0
Uruguayan	150	60	90	0	0	0
Venezuelan	210	95	120	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	250	125	120	0	0	0
African origins	10,760	5,355	5,405	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	2,230	1,120	1,115	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	115	55	60	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	25	20	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	40	20	20	0	0	0
Cameroonian	325	160	160	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	945	430	510	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	65	35	30	0	0	0
Guinean	205	130	75	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	210	125	85	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	50	25	20	0	0	0
Malinké	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	35	10	20	0	0	0
Peulh	30	25	15	0	0	0
Senegalese	205	105	95	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	70	40	35	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	80	40	40	0	0	0
North African origins	5,790	3,035	2,760	0	0	0
Algerian	1,775	890	880	0	0	0
Berber	1,145	595	550	0	0	0
Coptic	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dinka	20	10	15	0	0	0
Egyptian	370	205	170	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	2,250	1,175	1,075	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	425	265	160	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	105	55	50	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	770	335	435	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	220	105	115	0	0	0
Burundian	220	100	125	0	0	0
Djiboutian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	60	25	35	0	0	0
Mauritian	110	50	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	100	45	55	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	10	10	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	15	0	20	0	0	0
Other African origins	2,160	945	1,215	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	90	50	45	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,135	930	1,200	0	0	0
Asian origins	6,320	2,955	3,365	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,860	1,505	1,360	0	0	0
Afghan	60	15	50	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	885	485	405	0	0	0
Armenian	175	110	60	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	115	75	40	0	0	0
Iraqi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	10	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	95	45	45	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	875	425	450	0	0	0
Palestinian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	355	180	170	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	265	125	130	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	40	20	20	0	0	0
South Asian origins	475	235	245	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	70	30	40	0	0	0
East Indian	245	120	125	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	25	0	0	0
Pakistani	85	60	25	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,990	1,230	1,765	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	390	200	190	0	0	0
Chinese	1,390	505	885	0	0	0
Filipino	230	90	140	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Japanese	60	25	35	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	130	70	60	0	0	0
Laotian	450	220	230	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Thai	90	40	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	560	250	305	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	25	10	20	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Oceania origins	80	50	30	0	0	0
Australian	65	40	20	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	15	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	10	0	10	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	202,140	...	...	285	...	...
Owner	151,230	...	...	270	...	...
Renter	50,595	...	...	10	...	...
Band housing	315	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	202,140	...	...	285	...	...
Condominium	17,820	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	184,325	...	...	285	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	202,140	...	...	285	...	...
No bedrooms	320	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	19,885	...	...	10	...	...
2 bedrooms	64,700	...	...	235	...	...
3 bedrooms	72,355	...	...	35	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	44,890	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	202,140	...	...	285	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	54,740	...	...	40	...	...
5 rooms	33,565	...	...	90	...	...
6 rooms	28,675	...	...	105	...	...
7 rooms	29,075	...	...	45	...	...
8 or more rooms	56,085	...	...	10	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	202,145	...	...	285	...	...
One person or fewer per room	201,150	...	...	285	...	...
More than 1 person per room	990	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	202,145	...	...	285	...	...
Suitable	197,025	...	...	285	...	...
Not suitable	5,120	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	202,140	...	...	285	...	...
1960 or before	25,620	...	...	10	...	...
1961 to 1980	58,490	...	...	100	...	...
1981 to 1990	34,760	...	...	150	...	...
1991 to 2000	27,130	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,415	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	23,450	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	15,265	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	202,145	...	...	285	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	191,775	...	...	270	...	...
Major repairs needed	10,365	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	202,145	...	...	285	...	...
1 household maintainer	119,235	...	...	170	...	...
2 household maintainers	80,845	...	...	115	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	2,060	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	202,140	...	...	285	...	...
15 to 24 years	4,675	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	25,905	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	36,120	...	...	10	...	...
45 to 54 years	42,095	...	...	0	...	...
55 to 64 years	44,305	...	...	25	...	...
65 to 74 years	32,000	...	...	125	...	...
75 to 84 years	13,855	...	...	90	...	...
85 years and over	3,185	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	200,585	...	...	0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	163,350	...	...	0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	37,230	...	...	0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	34,095	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	150,320	...	...	0	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	67.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,035	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,075	...	...	0	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	234,906	...	...	0	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,753	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	50,445	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	6.7	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	34.9	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	737	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	767	...	...	0	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	400,015	198,085	201,930	465	210	255
No certificate, diploma or degree	90,820	47,845	42,980	90	45	50
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	94,700	44,155	50,540	195	75	110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,495	106,085	108,410	180	85	95
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	87,995	54,310	33,680	65	40	25
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	62,195	33,015	29,180	25	10	15
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	25,805	21,300	4,500	40	25	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	66,755	27,260	39,490	95	35	55
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,230	5,085	8,145	10	10	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	46,520	19,425	27,095	20	10	15
Bachelor's degree	33,985	13,645	20,335	20	10	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,190	1,765	2,425	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,340	670	670	0	0	0
Master's degree	6,220	2,910	3,305	10	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	790	435	355	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	266,680	131,900	134,780	60	25	40
No certificate, diploma or degree	42,885	24,435	18,450	10	10	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	56,580	27,035	29,540	40	15	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	167,215	80,430	86,785	15	0	15
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	69,200	41,235	27,965	0	0	0
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	49,185	24,770	24,410	0	0	0
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	20,015	16,465	3,555	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	49,780	20,265	29,515	15	0	15
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,790	3,760	6,035	0	0	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	38,450	15,175	23,275	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree	28,315	10,890	17,425	0	0	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,280	1,265	2,015	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,075	445	630	0	0	0
Master's degree	5,135	2,255	2,880	0	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	645	325	320	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	400,015	198,085	201,930	465	210	260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	185,520	92,000	93,520	280	120	160
Education	16,370	3,555	12,815	15	10	10
13. Education	16,370	3,555	12,815	15	10	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,960	3,230	3,720	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,530	1,190	340	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	5,430	2,045	3,380	0	10	0
Humanities	8,335	3,240	5,100	10	0	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	740	110	625	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	195	75	115	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,175	2,065	3,105	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	15	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	140	60	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	485	270	220	0	0	0
54. History	500	310	190	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	1,030	255	775	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15,545	3,945	11,605	15	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	35	80	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,470	440	1,025	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,870	270	4,600	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	2,995	850	2,145	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	400	115	280	0	0	0
42. Psychology	2,620	585	2,030	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	3,090	1,645	1,445	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	45,875	14,555	31,325	30	15	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	15	35	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,240	500	1,735	10	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	43,590	14,040	29,550	20	0	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,940	2,720	2,220	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,375	545	830	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	795	520	280	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,105	480	630	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,110	845	265	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	550	330	220	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,525	4,420	2,105	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,695	4,090	1,610	0	0	0
25. Library science	460	75	385	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	340	230	115	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	25	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	55,170	52,025	3,150	45	45	0
04. Architecture and related services	1,135	730	405	0	0	0
14. Engineering	3,915	3,485	430	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	9,670	8,735	930	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	16,355	15,920	435	25	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,970	13,530	440	15	15	0
48. Precision production	10,115	9,615	505	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,955	2,610	1,345	0	0	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,820	1,680	1,140	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,140	935	205	10	0	0
Health and related fields	28,855	4,515	24,340	25	10	20
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,515	710	810	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	27,080	3,670	23,410	25	0	25
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	260	140	120	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	21,950	11,265	10,685	30	10	25
12. Personal and culinary services	11,475	2,465	9,015	20	0	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	15	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	35	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	5,170	4,010	1,160	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,245	4,745	505	10	0	0
Other	10	10	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	266,680	131,895	134,785	65	25	40
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	99,460	51,465	47,995	50	20	25
Education	11,465	2,330	9,135	0	0	0
13. Education	11,465	2,335	9,130	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,360	2,400	2,960	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,210	920	290	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	4,150	1,480	2,670	0	0	0
Humanities	5,180	1,975	3,205	0	0	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	600	85	510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	150	65	90	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,990	1,255	1,735	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	80	35	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	240	115	125	0	0	0
54. History	360	215	145	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	725	170	555	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,925	3,090	9,835	10	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	25	50	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,150	350	805	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,175	205	3,975	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	2,485	625	1,860	0	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	270	75	195	0	0	0
42. Psychology	2,175	450	1,720	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	2,595	1,360	1,230	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	37,300	11,125	26,180	0	10	0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	10	25	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,790	350	1,435	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35,475	10,760	24,720	10	0	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,190	1,820	1,370	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,165	445	715	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	535	365	170	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	170	95	70	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	865	635	230	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	460	270	185	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,440	3,635	1,805	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,785	3,380	1,410	0	0	0
25. Library science	370	65	310	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	265	175	85	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	42,550	39,780	2,770	0	0	0
04. Architecture and related services	960	615	340	0	0	0
14. Engineering	3,345	2,930	415	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	7,530	6,720	810	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	12,115	11,730	385	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10,835	10,465	370	0	0	0
48. Precision production	7,765	7,320	450	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,155	1,995	1,160	0	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,230	1,265	970	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	920	735	190	0	0	0
Health and related fields	23,110	3,535	19,575	10	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,245	560	685	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	21,685	2,910	18,775	10	0	10
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	180	70	115	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	17,530	8,730	8,800	0	0	0
12. Personal and culinary services	9,180	1,790	7,390	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,970	2,985	980	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,360	3,935	425	0	0	0
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	400,015	198,085	201,930	465	205	260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	185,520	92,000	93,520	285	120	160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	214,495	106,085	108,410	185	85	100
Location of study inside Canada	208,330	102,540	105,785	165	75	85
Same as province or territory of residence	206,120	101,405	104,715	115	50	60
Different than province or territory of residence	2,210	1,140	1,070	50	25	25
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,165	3,545	2,620	15	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	520	355	170	0	0	0
Philippines	25	15	10	0	0	0
India	25	10	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	65	40	30	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	160	70	90	0	0	0
France	1,415	970	445	0	0	0
Other	3,955	2,090	1,865	10	0	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	266,680	131,900	134,780	65	25	40
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	99,460	51,465	47,995	50	20	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	167,220	80,430	86,785	15	0	15
Location of study inside Canada	162,110	77,590	84,520	15	0	15
Same as province or territory of residence	160,550	76,815	83,735	15	10	10
Different than province or territory of residence	1,560	775	780	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,105	2,840	2,270	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	365	230	130	0	0	0
Philippines	25	15	15	0	0	0
India	20	10	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	60	35	25	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	140	60	80	0	0	0
France	1,025	690	340	0	0	0
Other	3,470	1,805	1,665	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	400,015	198,085	201,930	465	210	260
In the labour force	258,750	134,685	124,065	95	60	30
Employed	241,740	124,670	117,070	90	60	30
Unemployed	17,005	10,010	6,995	0	0	10
Not in the labour force	141,265	63,400	77,865	375	150	220
Participation rate	64.7	68.0	61.4	20.4	28.6	11.5
Employment rate	60.4	62.9	58.0	19.4	28.6	11.5
Unemployment rate	6.6	7.4	5.6	0.0	0.0	33.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	400,015	198,085	201,930	465	205	255
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	133,685	59,145	74,540	365	145	225
Worked	266,330	138,940	127,395	100	65	35
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	125,545	68,530	57,010	25	10	20
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	140,790	70,405	70,380	75	55	20
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.0	43.0	39.2	37.5	42.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	258,745	134,685	124,060	95	60	30
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,960	3,015	2,945	0	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	252,790	131,665	121,125	95	60	35
Employee	221,925	112,525	109,400	80	40	30
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	30,860	19,140	11,720	15	20	0
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	258,745	134,685	124,065	95	60	35
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,960	3,020	2,940	0	0	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	252,790	131,670	121,125	95	60	35
0 Management occupations	24,140	15,320	8,820	10	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	38,325	10,340	27,985	15	0	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,475	8,915	2,555	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	18,555	2,755	15,800	10	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	29,740	7,635	22,105	10	0	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,475	2,555	2,920	10	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	58,590	24,490	34,100	25	20	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	49,405	46,725	2,675	25	20	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,600	2,985	615	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	13,480	9,940	3,540	10	0	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	258,745	134,685	124,060	95	60	35
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	5,960	3,015	2,940	0	0	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	252,790	131,665	121,120	95	60	35
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,135	2,880	1,250	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	385	325	60	0	0	0
22 Utilities	1,700	1,280	425	0	0	0
23 Construction	24,895	21,990	2,905	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	29,360	21,900	7,460	10	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	10,290	7,090	3,205	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	34,615	15,795	18,820	10	15	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,635	9,610	3,025	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,990	2,400	1,590	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	8,145	2,660	5,485	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,485	2,115	1,365	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	12,255	6,135	6,125	0	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	135	30	105	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10,300	6,545	3,760	0	0	0
61 Educational services	16,680	4,240	12,445	0	10	0
62 Health care and social assistance	35,325	5,400	29,930	15	0	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,535	2,415	2,115	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	14,050	5,375	8,680	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	12,685	6,225	6,465	10	10	0
91 Public administration	13,180	7,260	5,915	10	0	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	241,740	124,670	117,070	90	60	35
Worked at home	15,305	7,245	8,060	0	0	0
Worked outside Canada	355	240	115	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	27,860	21,985	5,870	15	10	0
Worked at usual place	198,230	95,195	103,035	80	50	35
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	198,230	95,200	103,030	80	45	35
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	45,375	19,250	26,125	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	30,015	12,760	17,260	40	35	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	122,545	63,000	59,545	35	15	25
Commute to a different province or territory	295	195	100	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	226,085	117,185	108,900	90	60	30
Car, truck, van - as a driver	198,380	105,195	93,185	90	55	30
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	7,650	3,100	4,545	10	0	0
Public transit	9,620	3,850	5,780	0	0	0
Walked	7,735	3,350	4,385	0	0	0
Bicycle	1,075	845	225	0	0	0
Other method	1,620	845	780	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	226,085	117,185	108,900	95	60	35
Less than 15 minutes	53,740	23,505	30,235	0	0	10
15 to 29 minutes	61,395	29,690	31,705	50	25	25
30 to 44 minutes	51,300	28,580	22,720	15	10	10
45 to 59 minutes	26,670	15,985	10,685	15	15	0
60 minutes and over	32,980	19,425	13,555	10	10	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	226,080	117,185	108,900	90	60	30
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,255	22,515	6,740	15	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	46,410	26,890	19,515	15	15	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	56,540	24,280	32,255	15	10	0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	35,475	12,505	22,965	20	0	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	18,350	7,000	11,350	15	10	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40,065	23,990	16,070	20	15	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	273,850	142,525	131,330	105	65	40
Single responses	263,345	136,465	126,875	100	65	35
Official languages	262,755	136,145	126,610	100	65	35
English	7,455	4,390	3,070	100	65	40
French	255,300	131,755	123,545	0	0	0
Non-official languages	585	325	265	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	315	175	140	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	315	175	145	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	315	175	140	0	0	0
Atikamekw	315	175	140	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	270	145	125	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	180	110	70	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	170	105	65	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	130	70	55	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	25	10	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10,510	6,055	4,455	0	0	0
English and French	9,855	5,765	4,095	0	0	0
English and non-official language	35	15	20	0	0	0
French and non-official language	340	150	190	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	275	125	155	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	273,850	142,520	131,330	100	60	35
None	213,080	108,180	104,895	100	65	35
English	52,845	29,830	23,020	0	0	0
French	5,855	3,375	2,485	0	0	0
Non-official language	1,290	685	600	0	0	0
Aboriginal	175	90	85	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,115	595	515	0	0	0
English and French	25	20	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	650	355	295	0	0	0
French and non-official language	105	70	35	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	481,115	239,685	241,430	470	205	265
Non-movers	433,385	216,490	216,895	415	185	230
Movers	47,735	23,195	24,540	55	25	30
Non-migrants	20,330	9,765	10,565	25	10	10
Migrants	27,405	13,430	13,975	35	20	20
Internal migrants	26,855	13,155	13,705	30	15	20
Intraprovincial migrants	26,515	12,955	13,560	35	15	20
Interprovincial migrants	340	200	140	0	0	0
External migrants	545	275	270	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	458,320	227,760	230,560	470	205	265
Non-movers	304,305	152,610	151,700	310	130	180
Movers	154,015	75,155	78,860	165	75	85
Non-migrants	63,155	30,420	32,740	90	35	55
Migrants	90,855	44,735	46,120	70	45	30
Internal migrants	88,510	43,560	44,945	70	40	30
Intraprovincial migrants	87,730	43,180	44,550	70	40	30
Interprovincial migrants	775	380	395	0	0	0
External migrants	2,350	1,175	1,170	0	0	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Région de Lanaudière [Health region, December 2017], Quebec and Matsqui 4, IRI [Census subdivision], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 7, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Région de Lanaudière [Health region, December 2017], Quebec and Matsqui 4, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Région de Lanaudière [Health region, December 2017], Quebec and Matsqui 4, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Région de Lanaudière [Health region, December 2017], Quebec and Matsqui 4, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia