Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Montréal Quebec [Economic region]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Montréal [Economic region], Quebec Map : Montréal [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,942,044	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,886,481	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.9	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	939,112	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	870,373	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,889.8	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	499.26	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,942,045	944,485	997,560	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	304,470	155,320	149,150	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	109,740	56,060	53,680	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	104,380	53,250	51,135	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	90,350	46,010	44,340	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	1,313,915	653,520	660,395	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	97,830	49,370	48,465	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	139,720	69,190	70,530	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	153,505	75,655	77,850	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	152,195	74,675	77,520	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	147,485	73,440	74,040	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	128,970	65,105	63,860	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	125,510	63,795	61,715	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	131,865	67,065	64,800	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	127,010	62,680	64,330	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	109,825	52,545	57,285	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	323,660	135,650	188,005	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	95,180	44,325	50,850	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	72,395	31,985	40,410	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	57,285	24,010	33,270	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	46,700	18,670	28,030	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	52,100	16,660	35,440	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	32,310	11,365	20,945	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	15,190	4,360	10,835	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	3,950	830	3,125	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	645	100	545	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.4	15.0	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	67.7	69.2	66.2	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	16.7	14.4	18.8	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	2.7	1.8	3.6	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	40.6	39.4	41.8	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.1	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	870,370	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	99,490	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	126,600	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	643,860	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	32,185	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	33,500	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	108,885	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	465,920	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,370	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	425	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	870,375	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	342,510	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	259,295	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	118,645	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	97,485	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	52,435	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,894,995	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,637,575	789,170	848,405	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	799,705	402,505	397,195	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	579,130	290,170	288,960	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	220,575	112,330	108,240	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	837,870	386,660	451,210	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	585,780	308,260	277,520	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	33,635	14,010	19,620	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	126,995	46,890	80,110	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	91,460	17,500	73,960	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	485,290	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	241,425	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	109,090	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	93,220	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	41,555	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	485,285	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	385,590	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	275,405	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	110,185	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	99,700	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	81,195	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	18,510	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	385,585	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	178,105	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	207,480	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	82,305	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	85,985	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	39,185	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	99,700	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	63,310	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	26,780	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	9,605	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	488,715	238,040	250,675	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	870,375	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	469,260	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	172,620	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	296,640	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,855	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	393,255	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	342,510	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	50,750	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,914,755	933,260	981,500	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	220,425	109,555	110,875	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	517,445	230,455	286,990	1,485	680	800
English and French	1,131,675	575,450	556,225	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	45,205	17,800	27,405	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,914,760	933,265	981,500	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	543,485	270,085	273,400	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	1,164,335	562,200	602,135	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	163,025	83,800	79,230	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	43,910	17,175	26,735	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	625,000	311,985	313,015	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	32.6	33.4	31.9	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,914,760	933,260	981,495	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	1,823,085	887,650	935,435	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	1,195,590	584,190	611,405	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	307,080	153,045	154,040	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	888,510	431,145	457,365	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	627,495	303,465	324,030	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	585	205	375	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	310	120	190	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	275	100	175	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	25	5	15	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	45	10	30	5	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	50	20	25	30	5	20
Plains Cree	5	0	0	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	745	305	440
Woods Cree	0	0	0	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	130	45	80	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	5	10	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	15	5	10	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	5	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	20	10	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	210	55	150	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	175	45	125	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	30	15	15	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	30	15	15	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dakota	0	0	0	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	15	10	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	626,905	303,260	323,650	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	122,040	64,460	57,580	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	13,915	7,400	6,515	40	25	15
Kabyle	8,560	4,560	4,000	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5,355	2,840	2,520	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	695	330	360	1,750	875	875
Bilen	10	5	5	155	85	70
Oromo	5	5	0	345	175	170
Somali	660	305	350	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	5	10	10	0
Semitic languages	107,255	56,630	50,630	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	585	280	310	1,770	885	885
Arabic	102,805	54,345	48,465	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	55	25	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,435	1,800	1,635	545	320	225
Maltese	10	5	5	40	20	25
Tigrigna	310	150	160	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	180	105	80	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	24,425	11,465	12,960	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,980	2,320	2,665	280	135	145
Vietnamese	19,435	9,145	10,295	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	17,455	6,340	11,120	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	105	35	70	175	80	95
Cebuano	650	230	420	1,245	565	675
Fijian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	375	120	255	390	170	220
Ilocano	1,905	695	1,210	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	450	200	245	0	0	5
Malay	455	185	270	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	180	80	100	655	315	340
Pangasinan	80	40	45	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	12,980	4,645	8,330	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	40	5	35	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	240	100	135	150	70	85
Creole languages	36,850	16,265	20,580	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	1,320	635	685	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	35,020	15,370	19,645	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	515	260	250	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	11,900	5,990	5,910	1,565	825	735
Kannada	200	105	95	95	50	40
Malayalam	335	180	150	790	410	380
Tamil	10,860	5,390	5,465	480	255	230
Telugu	495	300	190	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	20	10	10	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	328,960	158,575	170,385	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	1,730	880	855	350	170	180
Armenian	7,455	3,530	3,925	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	41,970	18,705	23,260	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	570	200	370	165	65	95
Latvian	200	75	125	80	35	45
Lithuanian	370	125	240	85	35	45
Slavic languages	41,400	18,500	22,895	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	50	30	20	40	20	25
Bosnian	290	140	150	575	285	290
Bulgarian	4,300	2,055	2,240	140	70	65
Croatian	1,195	590	605	1,030	505	530
Czech	830	385	445	615	310	310
Macedonian	100	50	55	145	70	75
Polish	8,875	3,815	5,060	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	18,990	8,425	10,565	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	1,495	730	765	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	475	215	265	240	110	130
Slovak	640	265	385	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	405	185	225	270	130	140
Ukrainian	3,680	1,595	2,085	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	80	35	40	75	40	30
Celtic languages	60	35	25	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	5	50	25	20
Welsh	15	5	5	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	10	10	0
Germanic languages	15,165	7,225	7,940	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	65	35	35	420	220	205
Danish	205	90	115	280	145	135
Dutch	1,175	585	585	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	5	0	0	55	30	25
German	6,070	2,695	3,375	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	50	25	30	475	210	260
Norwegian	115	60	50	115	45	65
Swedish	335	150	185	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	140	45	95	310	125	180
Yiddish	6,925	3,490	3,430	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	25	10	10
Greek	20,075	9,905	10,175	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	52,615	27,185	25,425	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	34,705	18,185	16,515	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	9,615	4,910	4,705	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	5,120	2,520	2,600	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	2,320	1,260	1,060	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	15	15	5	5	5	5
Konkani	85	50	35	35	20	15
Marathi	195	120	80	135	80	50
Nepali	160	85	80	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	25	20	10	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,930	4,950	3,980	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	260	125	135	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	445	210	235	670	345	320
Urdu	7,525	3,930	3,595	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	17,670	8,860	8,815	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	585	310	275	415	210	200
Pashto	905	480	425	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	16,185	8,075	8,110	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	235	135	100	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	189,890	91,115	98,775	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	215	105	110	0	0	5
Italian	74,490	35,610	38,885	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	18,525	8,890	9,635	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	18,370	8,720	9,650	645	310	335
Spanish	78,215	37,760	40,460	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	15	5	10
Japanese	1,705	540	1,160	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	145	70	75	15	10	10
Georgian	140	65	75	15	5	5
Korean	4,160	1,870	2,290	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	155	65	90	20	5	15
Mongolian	155	65	90	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	13,995	7,115	6,885	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	790	390	400	150	90	65
Bamanankan	700	395	300	75	25	45
Edo	60	35	25	40	20	15
Ewe	330	180	145	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,180	610	570	65	35	30
Ga	50	25	25	15	10	5
Ganda	10	5	10	50	20	30
Igbo	80	45	30	280	155	130
Lingala	1,520	700	820	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,190	570	615	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,030	465	565	250	125	120
Shona	60	30	30	110	50	60
Swahili	895	430	465	870	420	455
Wolof	1,720	940	785	75	50	25
Yoruba	160	100	65	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,225	2,200	2,025	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	125	75	55	395	215	180
Dinka	5	0	0	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	70	55	225	125	100
Sign languages	415	220	200	440	230	210
American Sign Language	30	20	15	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	190	90	100	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	195	110	85	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	52,755	24,550	28,200	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	52,615	24,480	28,130	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	15,845	7,465	8,380	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	300	135	165	55	30	25
Mandarin	30,720	14,210	16,510	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	20	10	10	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,400	1,105	1,295	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	755	330	425	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,510	1,200	1,305	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	65	30	30	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	140	70	70	575	295	285
Burmese	50	20	30	85	50	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	430	215	220
Tibetan	40	25	15	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	30	25	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	1,845	830	1,020	1,120	525	595
Lao	1,495	740	755	875	445	430
Thai	350	90	260	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	5	0	0
Turkic languages	5,555	2,835	2,720	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	200	115	90	30	20	15
Turkish	4,935	2,520	2,415	210	120	95
Uyghur	145	75	70	10	5	10
Uzbek	120	60	60	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	155	65	85	40	25	20
Uralic languages	4,020	1,775	2,245	1,440	655	790
Estonian	145	55	90	30	10	15
Finnish	220	70	150	225	85	135
Hungarian	3,650	1,645	2,005	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	390	210	180	155	85	70
Multiple responses	91,675	45,605	46,070	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	25,185	12,815	12,365	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	18,755	9,100	9,650	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	37,330	18,385	18,945	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	10,410	5,305	5,100	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,914,760	933,260	981,500	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	1,740,115	848,195	891,925	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	1,390,200	681,120	709,085	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	437,075	216,655	220,415	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	953,130	464,465	488,665	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	349,915	167,075	182,840	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	230	100	130	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	135	65	75	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	130	55	70	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	15	5	15	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	15	10	10	5	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	65	30	35	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	70	25	45	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	60	25	40	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Dakota	0	0	0	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	349,680	166,975	182,710	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	58,305	29,785	28,525	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	5,315	2,795	2,525	20	15	5
Kabyle	3,635	1,920	1,720	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	1,680	875	805	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	335	140	190	1,185	550	630
Bilen	5	0	5	120	65	55
Oromo	0	0	0	210	95	115
Somali	325	140	185	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	10	0
Semitic languages	52,600	26,820	25,780	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	290	130	155	1,045	520	525
Arabic	50,570	25,800	24,765	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	15	20	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,500	775	725	355	195	160
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	180	85	95	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,930	8,340	9,585	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,120	1,420	1,695	125	55	70
Vietnamese	14,805	6,915	7,890	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	8,610	3,420	5,190	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	15	5	5	30	15	15
Cebuano	210	90	115	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	115	45	65	125	55	75
Ilocano	695	285	410	390	190	200
Malagasy	135	70	65	0	0	0
Malay	135	65	65	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	30	25	245	120	130
Pangasinan	15	5	10	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,190	2,790	4,400	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	30	15	15
Creole languages	14,360	6,180	8,180	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	565	265	305	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	13,585	5,825	7,760	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	210	95	115	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	9,265	4,605	4,665	800	400	400
Kannada	125	70	55	45	25	25
Malayalam	155	75	80	405	195	205
Tamil	8,700	4,285	4,415	240	120	120
Telugu	285	170	115	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	185,570	88,150	97,415	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	990	485	505	155	80	75
Armenian	5,185	2,375	2,810	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	25,165	11,660	13,510	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	140	55	80	25	10	15
Latvian	60	30	30	15	5	5
Lithuanian	80	25	50	10	5	5
Slavic languages	25,025	11,600	13,425	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	15	10	10	0	5	0
Bosnian	170	80	90	285	145	140
Bulgarian	3,110	1,500	1,610	65	30	30
Croatian	525	240	280	320	145	180
Czech	250	115	135	115	55	60
Macedonian	60	25	30	85	35	45
Polish	3,985	1,770	2,215	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	13,830	6,450	7,380	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	870	425	445	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	205	90	115	90	40	50
Slovak	140	65	75	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	130	55	75	55	20	30
Ukrainian	1,725	770	960	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	10	5	5
Celtic languages	15	15	0	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,165	3,130	3,035	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	10	10	5	200	100	100
Danish	25	15	10	10	5	5
Dutch	190	90	100	270	135	130
Frisian	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	1,075	485	595	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	30	15	20	35	15	20
Norwegian	15	5	5	10	5	5
Swedish	75	30	40	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	15	5	10
Yiddish	4,725	2,480	2,250	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	465	240	225
Greek	10,425	4,910	5,510	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	37,260	18,705	18,550	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	24,025	12,260	11,765	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	7,295	3,625	3,675	690	390	305
Gujarati	3,290	1,600	1,685	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	1,155	600	560	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	0	5	0	0	0	0
Konkani	30	15	15	10	5	5
Marathi	65	35	35	40	25	20
Nepali	105	45	55	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,380	3,455	2,925	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	95	40	55	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	250	120	125	360	190	170
Urdu	5,350	2,715	2,640	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	13,120	6,385	6,735	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	295	150	150	275	135	140
Pashto	675	340	340	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	12,150	5,895	6,250	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	110	65	50	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	100,370	46,875	53,495	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	80	35	45	0	0	0
Italian	27,910	12,210	15,705	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	9,660	4,550	5,105	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	12,610	6,115	6,500	235	110	125
Spanish	50,090	23,950	26,135	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Japanese	740	310	430	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	65	35	30	10	5	0
Georgian	65	35	35	10	5	5
Korean	2,950	1,350	1,595	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	125	60	65	5	0	5
Mongolian	125	60	65	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	3,530	1,725	1,810	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	375	180	195	45	30	20
Bamanankan	180	100	80	15	5	5
Edo	10	5	5	5	5	0
Ewe	75	30	45	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	355	175	175	35	15	15
Ga	10	5	5	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	10	5	5	75	40	35
Lingala	380	160	220	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	365	165	195	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	265	115	150	105	55	50
Shona	20	10	10	10	5	10
Swahili	275	145	130	500	240	265
Wolof	540	300	240	25	20	10
Yoruba	40	15	20	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	645	320	325	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	15	130	60	70
Dinka	0	0	0	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	55	30	25
Sign languages	585	340	245	560	310	255
American Sign Language	50	20	25	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	245	125	120	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	290	195	95	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	41,620	19,770	21,850	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	41,555	19,740	21,820	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	11,625	5,465	6,160	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	105	50	55	25	10	15
Mandarin	26,080	12,475	13,605	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,410	645	770	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	575	265	315	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,730	830	900	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	30	30	465	235	225
Burmese	15	10	10	55	30	25
Karenic languages	0	0	0	370	190	180
Tibetan	15	10	5	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	930	460	475	535	250	280
Lao	810	405	400	430	210	220
Thai	125	50	75	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	3,620	1,800	1,820	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	65	30	35	10	5	10
Turkish	3,310	1,645	1,665	65	35	35
Uyghur	100	50	45	0	0	0
Uzbek	95	45	50	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	25	10	15
Uralic languages	1,335	560	770	305	140	165
Estonian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Finnish	35	15	15	35	15	15
Hungarian	1,280	540	740	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	40	25	20
Multiple responses	174,640	85,065	89,575	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	34,140	17,340	16,800	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	38,285	18,350	19,930	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	77,420	36,945	40,475	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	24,805	12,435	12,370	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,914,760	933,260	981,495	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	1,358,400	658,450	699,950	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	164,875	83,080	81,790	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	156,825	77,380	79,450	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	183,265	88,835	94,430	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	285	100	185	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	182,980	88,730	94,250	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	21,915	11,010	10,900	305	150	150
English and non-official language	13,995	6,950	7,045	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	14,580	7,085	7,495	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	905	470	435	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,591,005	770,800	820,205	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,527,425	741,020	786,405	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,198	31,716	27,061	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,527,630	741,070	786,555	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,873	28,718	25,306	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,319,250	651,480	667,770	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,843	31,722	24,323	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,220,350	562,060	658,290	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,964	2,979	7,393	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,076,770	552,940	523,835	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,102	31,811	26,411	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,590,985	770,725	820,250	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,526,950	740,630	786,320	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,670	50,317	37,410	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,527,150	740,685	786,470	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,155	39,256	31,292	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,318,335	651,115	667,215	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,430	51,690	35,370	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,220,065	561,415	658,655	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,727	6,430	8,832	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,076,765	553,085	523,680	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,754	49,167	35,982	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,590,985	770,730	820,255	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	451,855	249,200	202,655	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,182	50,049	44,352	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	62,105	69,189	53,395	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.8	90.2	80.3	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	69.1	73.0	64.1	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.2	9.8	19.7	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,591,005	770,800	820,205	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	63,580	29,785	33,795	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	1,527,425	741,020	786,405	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.9	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	239,225	118,900	120,330	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	304,770	130,875	173,900	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	235,475	104,540	130,930	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	186,815	89,430	97,385	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	152,615	72,485	80,130	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	107,705	52,510	55,195	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	75,560	38,430	37,135	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	57,765	30,275	27,490	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	40,455	22,220	18,230	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	27,510	16,235	11,280	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	99,530	65,125	34,410	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	59,525	37,205	22,315	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	40,005	27,915	12,090	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,591,005	770,800	820,205	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	63,380	29,730	33,645	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	1,527,625	741,070	786,555	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	244,920	120,610	124,310	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	317,790	137,525	180,265	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	280,350	127,890	152,455	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	233,880	112,565	121,315	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	161,410	77,850	83,565	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	100,760	51,385	49,375	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	64,225	34,415	29,810	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	37,685	21,995	15,690	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	86,605	56,830	29,775	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	23,470	14,370	9,100	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	15,190	9,585	5,605	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	47,945	32,870	15,070	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,591,005	770,800	820,205	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	514,230	217,860	296,375	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	1,076,770	552,940	523,830	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	67.7	71.7	63.9	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	149,120	72,790	76,330	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	93,255	43,420	49,830	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	167,705	80,255	87,450	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	139,770	68,060	71,710	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	124,900	62,855	62,045	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	100,740	50,135	50,605	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	74,565	38,925	35,645	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	55,000	29,595	25,405	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	45,820	24,715	21,110	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	125,895	82,190	43,705	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	30,005	17,920	12,080	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	20,740	13,030	7,710	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	75,150	51,240	23,915	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	870,370	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	52,519	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	46,559	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	342,505	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,642	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,860	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	527,865	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,245	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	62,917	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	870,375	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,614	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,682	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	342,490	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,473	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,940	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	527,880	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,413	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,682	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	870,375	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	24,465	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	21,890	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	38,230	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	53,480	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	50,075	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	44,745	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45,720	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	47,055	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,115	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	42,655	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	77,510	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	63,470	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	52,585	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	43,035	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	35,265	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	184,085	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	62,300	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	39,105	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40,015	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	42,665	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	870,375	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	25,565	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	22,120	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	38,560	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	56,110	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	56,305	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	52,835	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	57,445	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	57,290	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	53,150	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	49,970	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	85,660	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	67,270	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	52,000	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	41,020	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,895	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	123,165	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	52,170	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	27,430	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	43,570	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	489,520	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,845	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	64,039	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	169,175	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,408	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,304	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	208,100	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,649	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	79,750	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	95,475	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,168	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,426	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	489,420	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	102,221	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,540	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	168,840	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,556	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,271	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	208,255	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	124,472	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,758	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	95,425	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,918	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,129	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	443,400	218,395	225,010	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,024	26,960	27,071	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,186	24,951	25,373	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	442,760	217,830	224,930	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,613	38,298	36,950	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,122	31,265	30,983	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,895,000	925,865	969,130	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,202,765	579,085	623,680	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	287,610	143,605	144,000	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	252,935	116,590	136,345	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	255,250	122,140	133,110	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	221,160	106,575	114,585	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	185,815	90,170	95,640	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	692,235	346,785	345,455	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	160,105	78,680	81,425	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	143,930	71,540	72,390	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	132,125	66,215	65,910	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	119,885	60,885	59,005	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	136,180	69,465	66,725	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,895,000	925,870	969,130	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	358,105	182,645	175,465	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	130,840	66,870	63,975	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	1,247,985	617,995	629,990	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	288,910	125,230	163,685	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	403,880	193,535	210,345	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	81,100	41,415	39,685	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	29,650	15,075	14,575	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	262,435	129,925	132,510	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	60,350	22,195	38,150	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	21.3	20.9	21.7	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	22.6	22.7	22.6	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	22.7	22.5	22.8	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	21.0	21.0	21.0	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	20.9	17.7	23.3	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	339,685	166,975	172,710	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	61,200	31,295	29,910	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	22,340	11,355	10,985	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	236,690	120,515	116,175	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	41,790	15,160	26,630	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	17.9	18.0	17.8	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	17.1	17.1	17.0	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	17.1	17.0	17.2	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	19.0	19.5	18.4	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.1	16.3	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,894,995	925,815	969,185	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	1,850,005	908,350	941,655	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	1,342,265	680,010	662,255	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	1,631,820	799,640	832,180	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	900,345	433,465	466,885	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	750	340	410	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	330	185	150	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	265	135	135	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	55	30	25	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	70	40	25	85	25	55
Plains Cree	10	0	0	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	0	0	0	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	120	45	70	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	25	10	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	30	25	10	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	20	0	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	20	15	10	10	0	0
Ojibway	10	10	0	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	375	125	250	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	330	110	220	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	45	35	10	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	35	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	760	365	395
Dakota	0	0	0	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	899,640	433,150	466,495	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	188,110	98,615	89,495	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	18,530	9,830	8,695	85	50	40
Kabyle	11,195	5,985	5,210	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	7,440	3,910	3,535	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	1,045	505	535	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	35	25	10	210	120	85
Oromo	25	20	10	535	275	260
Somali	975	460	520	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	15	15	10
Semitic languages	178,735	93,590	85,140	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	815	405	415	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	162,300	85,065	77,235	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	30	40	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	10	10	0	0
Harari	10	0	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	16,160	8,435	7,730	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	10	10	10	65	30	35
Tigrigna	255	125	135	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	80	55	20	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	435	220	215	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	30,725	14,715	16,010	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	6,335	3,045	3,285	335	185	150
Vietnamese	24,615	11,785	12,835	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25,325	9,560	15,760	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	105	50	60	225	100	125
Cebuano	710	260	455	1,615	805	810
Fijian	10	10	0	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	445	160	290	425	180	245
Ilocano	2,265	825	1,445	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	835	400	435	0	0	0
Malay	715	295	425	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	165	85	80	945	415	530
Pangasinan	50	20	35	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	22,775	8,440	14,330	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	35	10	30	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	320	150	170	200	80	120
Creole languages	70,350	31,455	38,895	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	2,895	1,370	1,525	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	66,340	29,575	36,760	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,485	700	780	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	14,890	7,650	7,240	1,840	945	895
Kannada	360	180	180	175	95	80
Malayalam	395	225	165	830	400	430
Tamil	13,650	6,960	6,700	655	330	325
Telugu	835	485	345	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	490,850	234,270	256,580	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	2,070	1,045	1,025	390	195	195
Armenian	9,205	4,365	4,840	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	53,580	24,605	28,970	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	715	330	390	230	90	140
Latvian	240	105	135	115	45	70
Lithuanian	475	220	255	120	50	65
Slavic languages	52,990	24,340	28,645	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	195	80	115	65	25	45
Bosnian	330	155	180	835	405	430
Bulgarian	4,425	2,120	2,305	155	95	60
Croatian	1,790	855	935	1,595	765	825
Czech	1,275	575	700	735	335	395
Macedonian	140	55	85	140	75	60
Polish	11,085	4,915	6,175	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	30,185	14,095	16,090	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	1,940	890	1,050	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	635	270	360	190	75	115
Slovak	845	395	450	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	570	270	300	275	100	175
Ukrainian	6,175	2,680	3,495	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	70	35	30
Celtic languages	280	175	105	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	85	55	30	90	65	25
Welsh	45	25	20	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	155	100	55	45	15	25
Germanic languages	34,405	16,995	17,410	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	235	165	70	715	330	385
Danish	450	205	240	270	120	150
Dutch	2,345	1,225	1,120	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	10	10	0	90	65	30
German	21,045	10,410	10,635	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	95	65	30	560	225	335
Norwegian	300	135	170	290	115	175
Swedish	920	410	510	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	65	180	270	120	155
Yiddish	9,875	4,910	4,965	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	85	40	40	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	26,310	12,845	13,465	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	64,650	33,330	31,320	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	43,825	22,985	20,840	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	11,095	5,680	5,410	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	6,570	3,230	3,335	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	11,865	6,420	5,450	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	40	30	10	20	15	10
Konkani	110	55	60	40	30	10
Marathi	375	195	180	275	170	105
Nepali	135	75	60	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,800	7,140	5,665	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	350	155	195	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	925	440	490	920	500	420
Urdu	11,250	5,935	5,320	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	21,240	10,580	10,665	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	675	340	335	600	295	305
Pashto	1,135	615	525	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	19,650	9,770	9,880	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	445	255	190	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	320,755	150,495	170,260	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	550	330	220	15	10	10
Italian	114,500	54,380	60,125	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	27,360	13,775	13,585	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	22,115	10,440	11,675	785	395	390
Spanish	176,745	81,465	95,280	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	230	140	90	60	45	15
Japanese	4,275	1,930	2,345	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	190	95	100	10	0	15
Georgian	195	95	100	15	0	15
Korean	4,925	2,310	2,620	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	205	105	95	55	20	35
Mongolian	205	105	95	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	26,800	13,565	13,240	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	1,350	710	640	260	165	95
Bamanankan	1,305	690	620	160	95	65
Edo	140	60	85	95	60	30
Ewe	730	485	240	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,090	1,115	975	50	25	25
Ga	170	100	75	30	10	15
Ganda	30	10	25	230	110	120
Igbo	180	120	60	665	345	325
Lingala	5,470	2,455	3,015	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,505	720	790	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,425	680	745	305	155	155
Shona	100	55	50	250	110	140
Swahili	2,990	1,495	1,490	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	3,295	1,800	1,490	150	85	70
Yoruba	590	325	260	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	8,965	4,625	4,345	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	200	130	75	410	225	185
Dinka	0	0	0	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	200	130	75	225	120	105
Sign languages	2,135	890	1,240	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	300	125	175	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	1,165	435	730	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	760	375	390	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	61,480	28,975	32,505	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	61,350	28,900	32,450	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	20,895	9,735	11,160	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	385	170	215	50	30	20
Mandarin	40,720	18,965	21,755	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	15	0	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,990	1,310	1,675	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	925	420	505	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,410	1,665	1,745	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	75	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	155	90	60	675	310	370
Burmese	70	40	30	185	115	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	465	200	265
Tibetan	25	30	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	2,790	1,315	1,475	1,565	730	835
Lao	2,100	1,040	1,065	1,120	520	600
Thai	970	405	570	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	10	0
Turkic languages	8,195	4,105	4,095	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	395	220	175	50	25	30
Turkish	7,400	3,705	3,690	365	180	185
Uyghur	175	85	90	30	15	10
Uzbek	180	75	105	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	175	85	85	45	15	30
Uralic languages	4,905	2,205	2,705	1,550	730	815
Estonian	110	45	65	45	20	25
Finnish	270	100	170	265	105	160
Hungarian	4,525	2,055	2,470	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,070	590	480	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,894,995	925,815	969,180	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,648,430	803,195	845,235	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	322,920	164,555	158,365	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,325,505	638,640	686,870	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	246,570	122,620	123,945	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,894,995	925,815	969,185	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,187,260	582,135	605,120	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	644,685	310,250	334,435	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	141,755	66,720	75,035	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	74,335	36,560	37,770	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	108,760	51,330	57,430	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	181,195	87,585	93,610	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	74,840	36,150	38,695	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	106,355	51,440	54,920	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	138,640	68,050	70,585	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	63,055	33,425	29,635	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	644,685	310,250	334,435	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	58,110	28,910	29,195	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	97,550	48,370	49,180	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	128,860	58,295	70,555	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	314,350	153,925	160,420	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	45,815	20,735	25,080	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	644,680	310,250	334,430	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	140,940	64,340	76,600	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	3,955	1,865	2,090	435	170	265
Colombia	9,135	4,300	4,840	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	6,970	3,470	3,500	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	1,825	765	1,060	1,135	515	620
Haiti	50,155	21,900	28,255	155	75	80
Jamaica	3,560	1,525	2,035	1,810	835	970
Mexico	9,155	4,205	4,950	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	7,400	3,280	4,115	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	2,900	1,305	1,590	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	12,335	6,330	6,005	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	33,555	15,400	18,155	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	172,245	82,670	89,575	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	735	370	365	1,055	530	525
Croatia	1,075	540	540	975	445	535
France	38,170	20,015	18,160	795	425	365
Germany	4,240	1,785	2,455	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	10,320	5,000	5,325	820	445	375
Hungary	2,270	1,025	1,240	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	490	275	215	650	310	340
Italy	39,110	18,410	20,700	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	915	490	420	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	6,930	2,955	3,975	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	9,480	4,385	5,095	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	14,250	6,560	7,695	720	345	375
Russian Federation	7,480	3,245	4,235	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,045	465	580	355	175	175
Ukraine	5,750	2,490	3,260	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,100	3,685	3,420	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	22,890	10,990	11,895	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	143,550	74,055	69,495	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	40,135	20,915	19,220	115	60	55
Egypt	12,705	6,540	6,170	980	525	455
Ethiopia	735	370	365	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	425	205	215	935	470	465
Morocco	37,360	19,155	18,205	250	140	110
Nigeria	910	500	410	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	435	205	230	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	500	275	230	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	50,330	25,885	24,445	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	187,125	88,725	98,400	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	1,490	730	750	615	285	330
Bangladesh	6,870	3,440	3,430	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	30,710	13,435	17,270	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	2,800	1,335	1,465	1,460	715	735
India	13,340	6,915	6,420	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	14,160	6,970	7,195	1,180	655	530
Iraq	1,980	1,040	945	860	460	400
Japan	1,155	300	855	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,800	1,260	1,535	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	20,015	10,680	9,340	265	165	100
Pakistan	6,725	3,550	3,175	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	20,535	7,735	12,805	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	8,310	4,130	4,180	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10,080	5,050	5,030	805	390	410
Taiwan	1,655	675	985	215	110	110
Viet Nam	17,845	8,300	9,550	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	26,645	13,180	13,470	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	820	460	365	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	138,635	68,055	70,585	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	29,030	13,815	15,220	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	1,730	870	860	100	35	65
Colombia	3,180	1,535	1,645	185	70	120
Cuba	1,270	650	615	75	25	55
Haiti	11,770	5,370	6,400	15	10	0
Jamaica	125	90	30	340	175	165
Mexico	2,595	1,220	1,375	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	2,515	1,410	1,100	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,130	540	590	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	4,720	2,130	2,590	1,490	640	850
Europe	24,945	12,795	12,155	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	12,465	6,725	5,740	135	70	75
Germany	325	155	170	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	80	65	15	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	2,905	1,325	1,570	160	85	70
Romania	1,695	735	960	70	30	35
Russian Federation	1,440	680	760	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	1,635	745	890	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	520	345	175	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	3,885	2,015	1,870	1,060	590	470
Africa	47,375	23,710	23,665	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	13,150	6,440	6,710	20	10	10
Cameroon	4,255	2,085	2,170	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,660	785	875	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	2,795	1,385	1,415	95	35	60
Egypt	3,215	1,725	1,495	415	220	190
Eritrea	50	30	15	795	430	360
Ethiopia	110	60	50	810	425	380
Morocco	9,615	4,795	4,820	70	30	35
Nigeria	395	215	185	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	75	40	35	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	100	55	50	225	110	120
Tunisia	3,725	1,880	1,845	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	8,225	4,230	4,000	1,555	820	735
Asia	37,055	17,590	19,465	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	255	110	145	60	35	25
Bangladesh	785	415	375	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,780	3,565	4,220	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	80	20	50	185	105	80
India	2,395	1,300	1,100	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	6,745	3,180	3,560	425	230	195
Iraq	380	180	200	330	175	155
Israel	490	275	215	595	340	260
Japan	245	30	215	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	665	265	405	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	2,285	1,265	1,015	140	100	35
Nepal	40	20	20	210	70	140
Pakistan	1,095	590	505	1,535	800	735
Philippines	4,825	2,075	2,745	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	345	170	175	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	685	300	390	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,980	2,035	1,950	635	325	310
Taiwan	105	50	50	20	0	10
Turkey	395	210	190	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	200	90	110	110	55	55
Viet Nam	1,020	395	625	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	2,260	1,045	1,215	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	220	145	80	150	80	70
Australia	115	80	40	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	110	70	40	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,894,995	925,815	969,185	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	719,980	350,065	369,915	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	404,595	203,185	201,415	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	770,420	372,565	397,855	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	511,335	247,530	263,805	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	285,275	147,400	137,875	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	141,270	84,080	57,190	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	144,005	63,320	80,685	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	139,475	55,585	83,890	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	78,760	40,880	37,880	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	7,820	3,670	4,155	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,895,000	925,810	969,185	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	13,100	6,090	7,010	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	12,330	5,735	6,595	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	5,910	2,785	3,125	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	5,745	2,725	3,020	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	670	230	445	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	300	145	155	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	475	210	260	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,881,895	919,720	962,175	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,894,995	925,815	969,185	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	3,380	1,665	1,715	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,891,620	924,150	967,470	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,895,000	925,815	969,185	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	6,345	2,815	3,525	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	6,060	2,685	3,380	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,830	2,160	2,670	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	900	430	475	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	335	95	240	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	280	135	145	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	185	90	100	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	95	45	50	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	39,255	17,620	21,645	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	38,625	17,320	21,305	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	33,530	15,010	18,515	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,530	2,080	2,450	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	575	225	345	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	630	300	335	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	490	235	250	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	105	45	60	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	20	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,849,395	905,380	944,010	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,895,000	925,810	969,185	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	623,895	305,345	318,550	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	65,660	34,270	31,395	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	63,460	29,420	34,040	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	180,575	86,145	94,430	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	28,680	11,625	17,055	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	71,375	34,600	36,775	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	129,940	68,880	61,060	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	37,325	17,835	19,490	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	18,930	9,400	9,535	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	5,615	2,650	2,965	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	3,065	1,170	1,885	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	5,545	2,625	2,920	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	13,720	6,720	7,000	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,271,105	620,470	650,635	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,895,000	925,815	969,180	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	45,605	20,430	25,170	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	39,230	17,580	21,645	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	1,150	430	715	955	460	500
Métis	6,150	2,855	3,295	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	591,035	283,990	307,045	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	6,570	3,025	3,540	645	325	320
American	16,130	7,780	8,355	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	542,980	259,895	283,090	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	170	75	100	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	235	120	115	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	190	90	100	20	15	0
Ontarian	270	135	135	20	20	0
Québécois	37,925	19,190	18,735	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	80	40	40	30	10	25
European origins	876,355	429,400	446,955	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	213,615	102,280	111,330	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	220	95	125	45	25	25
Cornish	35	15	15	85	45	40
English	80,070	39,045	41,020	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	117,040	54,530	62,510	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	110	65	45	200	100	100
Scottish	71,115	33,825	37,290	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	5,470	2,595	2,875	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	15,790	7,465	8,315	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	372,960	185,490	187,475	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	295	140	155	20	15	15
Breton	1,990	1,010	975	120	40	75
Corsican	650	380	270	0	10	0
French	371,250	184,605	186,650	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	82,830	39,970	42,855	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	6,820	3,300	3,515	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	30	15	20	15	10	0
Belgian	14,125	6,890	7,235	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	10,050	4,920	5,135	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	445	230	210	965	445	515
Frisian	10	0	0	140	75	55
German	49,385	23,475	25,915	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	355	170	185	155	65	90
Swiss	7,685	3,945	3,740	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	80	50	35	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,760	5,215	5,545	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	2,465	1,095	1,365	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	1,520	690	830	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	520	270	250	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	2,860	1,475	1,390	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	3,410	1,605	1,805	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	805	395	410	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	145,755	70,100	75,655	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	5,500	2,610	2,890	330	190	145
Byelorussian	1,575	770	805	885	430	455
Czech	3,735	1,815	1,925	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	1,110	575	535	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	635	330	305	190	80	115
Hungarian	16,870	8,270	8,605	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	1,230	580	640	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	4,225	2,105	2,115	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	5,110	2,490	2,620	325	170	160
Polish	46,860	22,830	24,035	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	29,635	14,285	15,345	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	38,265	18,115	20,155	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	2,405	1,190	1,210	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	23,600	11,240	12,360	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	2,545	1,315	1,230	895	415	480
Southern European origins	273,825	134,120	139,705	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	2,295	1,180	1,115	415	220	195
Bosnian	580	285	300	1,030	505	520
Catalan	475	245	225	15	0	15
Croatian	3,175	1,600	1,570	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	255	140	115	45	25	15
Greek	35,800	17,910	17,900	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	168,110	82,250	85,860	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	265	145	120	45	20	25
Macedonian	420	225	195	225	120	110
Maltese	605	335	270	360	165	195
Montenegrin	245	140	105	40	10	30
Portuguese	29,890	14,800	15,085	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	2,755	1,265	1,495	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	550	295	260	235	110	125
Slovenian	1,355	645	715	1,005	485	520
Spanish	43,300	20,870	22,435	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,270	570	705	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	130	85	40	65	40	30
Other European origins	24,805	12,690	12,115	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	1,265	705	565	100	65	35
Jewish	19,840	10,105	9,735	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	245	155	90	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	200	95	100	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	3,450	1,760	1,690	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	119,515	54,900	64,615	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	235	125	110	60	20	40
Bahamian	225	125	105	60	35	25
Barbadian	3,765	1,660	2,100	740	390	350
Bermudan	60	15	40	40	30	15
Carib	295	115	185	65	30	40
Cuban	4,815	2,315	2,505	340	155	190
Dominican	6,945	3,160	3,785	275	145	135
Grenadian	1,490	590	900	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	495	225	275	0	0	0
Haitian	82,000	37,695	44,300	235	90	150
Jamaican	9,595	4,435	5,160	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	275	135	140	10	10	0
Martinican	1,020	495	525	0	0	0
Montserratan	135	75	65	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	285	145	140	70	25	45
St. Lucian	525	260	270	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,325	1,940	2,390	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	3,285	1,340	1,940	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	3,800	1,670	2,130	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	2,950	1,350	1,600	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	85,030	41,350	43,685	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	3,400	1,630	1,770	650	330	320
Arawak	120	30	95	10	10	10
Argentinian	2,740	1,395	1,350	475	230	245
Belizean	25	10	10	200	105	100
Bolivian	930	440	490	300	160	140
Brazilian	4,350	2,105	2,245	830	375	455
Chilean	6,855	3,460	3,395	1,520	720	795
Colombian	12,525	5,945	6,580	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	595	300	295	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	1,615	715	900	125	70	55
Guatemalan	5,830	3,000	2,830	505	240	260
Guyanese	2,460	1,205	1,260	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	585	325	265	425	210	220
Honduran	2,815	1,355	1,460	520	245	280
Maya	960	565	400	220	135	80
Mexican	13,840	6,685	7,150	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	1,505	755	750	370	200	170
Panamanian	830	425	405	50	10	40
Paraguayan	190	95	95	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	10,190	4,805	5,385	350	130	225
Salvadorean	11,530	5,710	5,820	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	870	400	475	35	10	20
Venezuelan	4,020	1,825	2,190	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	3,415	1,730	1,680	1,045	525	520
African origins	224,260	115,410	108,845	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	45,145	23,345	21,795	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	395	215	185	35	10	25
Angolan	465	220	245	10	10	0
Ashanti	60	55	0	25	10	10
Beninese	1,885	950	935	55	45	0
Burkinabe	1,245	670	575	20	10	10
Cameroonian	8,795	4,475	4,310	145	80	70
Chadian	650	340	310	10	10	0
Congolese	9,960	4,845	5,115	1,575	785	790
Edo	95	55	45	130	85	45
Ewe	215	135	80	15	10	10
Gabonese	450	190	260	25	20	10
Gambian	80	40	30	10	0	10
Ghanaian	2,240	1,130	1,110	380	220	170
Guinean	3,080	1,630	1,450	70	20	50
Ibo	135	60	75	435	205	225
Ivorian	4,365	2,195	2,170	120	45	75
Liberian	65	30	35	80	20	55
Malian	1,820	920	900	140	85	55
Malinké	400	210	190	35	20	10
Nigerian	1,815	975	835	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	1,310	660	650	25	15	15
Senegalese	4,070	2,220	1,845	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	85	40	40	320	155	165
Togolese	1,865	985	880	115	60	55
Wolof	360	210	150	25	10	15
Yoruba	280	140	145	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	3,415	1,845	1,565	545	260	285
North African origins	142,110	74,140	67,975	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	40,120	20,830	19,290	100	35	60
Berber	21,550	11,345	10,205	150	90	55
Coptic	380	210	165	85	45	40
Dinka	0	0	0	30	25	10
Egyptian	17,785	9,220	8,565	1,335	720	620
Libyan	770	410	360	360	175	185
Maure	355	205	150	100	70	30
Moroccan	53,675	27,715	25,960	350	190	160
Sudanese	215	115	100	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	12,870	6,975	5,895	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	2,135	1,205	930	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	13,315	6,550	6,765	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	75	65	10	65	40	30
Amhara	25	10	10	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	900	495	405	150	90	65
Burundian	2,015	975	1,045	235	110	125
Djiboutian	225	105	125	45	30	15
Eritrean	335	180	155	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	1,130	565	565	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	295	135	165	335	165	170
Malagasy	1,490	750	745	25	15	10
Mauritian	1,735	825	910	245	125	115
Oromo	10	10	0	325	185	140
Rwandan	1,995	940	1,055	300	145	155
Seychellois	475	220	255	45	20	30
Somali	1,225	595	640	1,740	900	845
South African	540	280	265	730	310	420
Tanzanian	140	80	55	90	55	30
Tigrian	60	25	35	320	200	120
Ugandan	115	50	70	255	125	130
Zambian	30	10	20	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	230	120	105	310	150	160
Zulu	45	25	25	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	875	425	455	440	230	210
Other African origins	25,925	12,605	13,325	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,125	995	1,135	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	24,195	11,815	12,380	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	353,565	173,390	180,175	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	137,895	70,995	66,900	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	2,395	1,205	1,185	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	27,100	14,270	12,830	1,755	975	785
Armenian	13,180	6,420	6,765	495	250	250
Assyrian	180	105	75	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	440	225	215	55	35	20
Georgian	520	240	280	110	60	45
Hazara	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iranian	19,675	9,830	9,850	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	3,380	1,685	1,690	925	480	450
Israeli	5,200	2,750	2,445	775	410	360
Jordanian	1,075	565	510	235	100	135
Kazakh	440	220	225	335	185	145
Kurd	1,395	755	635	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	50	30	25	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	210	110	95	45	30	20
Lebanese	40,100	21,075	19,020	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	4,555	2,330	2,225	620	340	275
Pashtun	345	190	155	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	555	330	225	170	95	70
Syrian	15,760	8,050	7,715	1,115	535	580
Tajik	110	40	70	55	20	40
Tatar	655	315	340	310	155	155
Turk	9,585	4,620	4,965	655	315	340
Turkmen	25	20	10	10	0	0
Uighur	290	135	160	10	10	0
Uzbek	335	160	175	70	45	20
Yemeni	605	320	290	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	1,765	980	785	305	145	155
South Asian origins	68,825	35,485	33,340	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	6,115	3,155	2,955	880	500	385
Bengali	3,570	1,730	1,845	200	115	85
Bhutanese	0	0	0	140	55	85
East Indian	35,825	18,630	17,195	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	160	70	85	50	30	30
Gujarati	340	165	170	220	120	100
Kashmiri	230	145	85	30	10	15
Nepali	175	100	80	500	250	250
Pakistani	9,510	4,880	4,630	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	2,125	1,235	890	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	205	80	120	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	11,260	5,590	5,665	1,090	545	545
Tamil	2,505	1,320	1,185	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,585	880	710	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	148,720	67,730	80,985	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	175	100	80	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	7,745	3,770	3,970	525	280	240
Chinese	76,085	35,395	40,690	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	30,550	12,430	18,115	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	30	10	20	0	0	0
Indonesian	790	345	450	530	265	265
Japanese	4,025	1,580	2,445	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	0	0	0	455	195	255
Korean	6,035	2,860	3,175	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	2,810	1,440	1,365	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	425	185	240	470	240	230
Mongolian	510	230	280	150	60	90
Singaporean	90	50	40	20	10	10
Taiwanese	1,365	565	795	150	90	60
Thai	1,100	445	655	750	335	420
Tibetan	35	20	20	15	10	10
Vietnamese	28,155	13,525	14,630	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	220	100	120	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	1,275	675	600	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,270	675	600	575	320	260
Oceania origins	1,870	1,005	865	1,525	740	785
Australian	1,240	700	535	910	415	495
New Zealander	265	130	135	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	425	200	220	345	180	165
Fijian	35	15	20	80	45	30
Hawaiian	25	10	15	60	30	30
Maori	55	35	20	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	130	55	70	95	45	45
Samoan	10	0	0	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	195	95	100	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	870,370	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	348,235	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	522,140	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	870,375	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	161,045	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	709,330	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	870,370	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	14,115	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	254,695	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	292,930	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	216,835	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	91,805	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	870,370	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	467,495	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	163,460	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	79,940	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	58,860	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	100,625	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.8	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	870,370	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	845,575	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	24,795	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	870,370	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	799,140	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	71,235	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	870,375	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	334,265	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	284,020	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	100,070	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	55,905	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	28,930	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	32,725	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	34,465	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	870,370	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	801,740	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	68,635	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	870,375	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	584,240	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	266,160	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	19,975	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	870,375	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	39,045	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	151,650	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	163,270	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	161,100	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	152,860	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	109,825	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	65,975	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	26,650	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	868,760	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	606,785	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	261,975	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	219,820	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	348,225	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	59.3	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	20.2	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,218	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,366	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	399,785	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	462,244	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	522,140	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.7	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.8	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	778	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	851	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,590,985	770,725	820,255	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	268,120	127,730	140,390	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	324,455	159,960	164,490	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	998,410	483,035	515,375	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	158,510	88,675	69,835	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	115,485	59,085	56,395	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	43,030	29,595	13,435	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	260,245	119,475	140,770	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	63,120	26,710	36,410	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	516,535	248,170	268,355	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	301,970	139,970	161,995	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	48,790	22,960	25,830	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15,170	7,755	7,415	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	125,995	62,965	63,030	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	24,610	14,525	10,090	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,067,000	528,725	538,275	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	112,980	59,375	53,605	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	178,705	93,480	85,230	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	775,310	375,870	399,440	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	119,695	65,705	53,990	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	88,605	44,640	43,960	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	31,090	21,060	10,030	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	177,940	84,755	93,180	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	47,550	20,665	26,885	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	430,130	204,745	225,380	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	248,180	115,195	132,990	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40,235	18,395	21,835	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	11,915	5,425	6,485	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	109,920	54,580	55,345	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	19,885	11,150	8,730	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,590,985	770,730	820,250	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	592,575	287,695	304,880	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	53,045	11,820	41,230	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	53,045	11,815	41,230	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	65,710	31,355	34,355	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	8,345	6,205	2,140	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	57,360	25,145	32,215	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	77,355	30,055	47,300	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15,000	3,490	11,505	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	8,220	2,520	5,700	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	27,880	11,405	16,475	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	285	105	185	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,835	2,985	1,840	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,430	1,700	725	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	7,040	3,980	3,060	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	11,675	3,875	7,800	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	141,250	52,575	88,675	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,010	530	1,480	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20,935	7,630	13,305	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	17,860	2,000	15,860	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	25,305	10,650	14,660	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	3,110	835	2,275	955	305	650
42. Psychology	18,865	4,905	13,955	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	53,170	26,025	27,145	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	228,555	98,795	129,760	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	245	100	145	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,680	2,520	8,160	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	217,625	96,175	121,450	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	51,035	27,060	23,980	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20,305	8,325	11,980	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	9,500	5,530	3,965	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	4,380	2,315	2,065	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	15,330	10,085	5,245	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,525	810	720	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	52,280	36,520	15,760	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	41,680	31,280	10,405	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	3,625	755	2,870	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,135	3,855	2,280	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	840	635	205	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	161,710	138,000	23,710	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	11,440	6,565	4,875	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	66,425	52,940	13,485	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	24,460	21,825	2,640	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	25	10	15	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	22,650	21,670	985	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	23,185	22,290	890	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	13,525	12,705	820	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,600	5,030	4,575	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	6,105	3,185	2,925	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,500	1,845	1,650	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	113,455	28,655	84,800	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,710	3,420	3,285	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	101,660	22,475	79,185	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,090	2,755	2,335	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	44,270	23,130	21,140	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	28,675	10,020	18,660	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	60	50	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	175	0	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	7,455	5,825	1,630	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,905	7,060	840	6,185	5,750	435
Other	145	50	95	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	145	50	90	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,067,000	528,725	538,275	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	291,690	152,855	138,835	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	37,030	8,110	28,920	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	37,030	8,110	28,915	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	52,420	25,525	26,900	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	6,460	4,740	1,725	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	45,960	20,785	25,180	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	53,450	20,950	32,495	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	11,875	2,820	9,055	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	6,265	1,920	4,345	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	16,240	7,070	9,170	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	190	70	120	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,530	2,205	1,325	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,560	1,100	460	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	5,260	3,055	2,210	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	8,530	2,715	5,815	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	110,570	40,835	69,740	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,665	445	1,220	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	17,575	6,520	11,055	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	14,040	1,380	12,660	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	20,645	8,225	12,415	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,220	615	1,600	815	265	550
42. Psychology	14,185	3,610	10,570	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	40,245	20,035	20,210	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	184,060	79,015	105,045	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	205	85	115	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,555	2,025	6,525	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	175,300	76,895	98,405	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	34,915	17,960	16,955	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	16,520	6,645	9,880	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,635	2,710	1,925	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,095	620	475	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	11,490	7,360	4,135	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,180	630	550	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	45,775	32,340	13,435	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	37,735	28,390	9,350	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	2,765	645	2,115	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,620	2,845	1,775	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	655	460	190	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	127,850	107,035	20,815	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	9,625	5,360	4,265	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	56,565	44,310	12,250	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	18,390	16,350	2,040	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	25	10	20	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	16,345	15,500	845	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	17,250	16,530	715	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	9,655	8,970	685	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,065	4,150	3,910	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	5,045	2,565	2,475	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,015	1,585	1,430	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	86,710	21,765	64,945	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	5,535	2,820	2,715	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	77,250	17,055	60,195	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	3,925	1,885	2,035	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	34,345	18,155	16,195	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	21,990	7,735	14,255	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	25	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	115	120	0	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	5,770	4,515	1,255	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,435	5,765	670	4,885	4,545	340
Other	120	30	85	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	125	35	90	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,590,985	770,730	820,255	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	592,575	287,690	304,880	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	998,410	483,035	515,375	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	766,820	365,725	401,100	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	730,595	346,905	383,690	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	36,225	18,820	17,410	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	231,590	117,315	114,275	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	16,020	9,370	6,655	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	10,645	3,040	7,605	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	5,400	2,935	2,465	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	7,140	4,090	3,045	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	12,015	5,430	6,585	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	39,950	22,250	17,705	395	235	165
Other	140,420	70,205	70,215	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,067,000	528,725	538,280	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	291,690	152,855	138,835	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	775,310	375,870	399,440	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	584,405	280,790	303,620	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	556,140	266,180	289,955	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	28,265	14,605	13,660	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	190,905	95,085	95,820	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	11,565	6,570	4,990	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	9,045	2,505	6,540	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	3,905	1,985	1,920	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,805	2,760	2,045	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10,840	4,830	6,005	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	34,210	18,870	15,340	340	195	145
Other	116,535	57,560	58,970	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,590,980	770,730	820,255	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	1,019,360	529,935	489,420	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	927,715	480,605	447,115	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	91,640	49,335	42,310	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	571,620	240,790	330,830	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	64.1	68.8	59.7	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	58.3	62.4	54.5	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.3	8.6	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,590,985	770,730	820,250	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	553,110	233,515	319,600	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	1,037,875	537,215	500,660	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	466,195	258,815	207,385	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	571,675	278,400	293,270	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.1	41.2	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	1,019,360	529,935	489,425	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	37,230	18,850	18,375	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	982,130	511,080	471,050	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	861,390	435,915	425,475	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	120,740	75,165	45,570	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	1,019,365	529,935	489,420	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	37,225	18,855	18,375	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	982,130	511,085	471,050	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	102,455	62,870	39,585	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	174,400	64,690	109,715	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	86,455	67,345	19,115	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	66,460	17,440	49,020	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	128,005	41,285	86,715	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	56,340	28,505	27,840	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	244,940	124,895	120,040	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	78,995	74,080	4,915	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,620	3,830	790	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	39,460	26,145	13,310	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	1,019,360	529,935	489,425	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	37,225	18,855	18,375	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	982,130	511,080	471,050	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,495	1,570	925	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,065	785	280	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	4,680	2,860	1,820	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	31,500	27,345	4,150	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	87,550	59,290	28,265	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	44,740	27,130	17,610	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	107,150	52,620	54,535	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	44,395	33,130	11,265	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	43,110	25,715	17,390	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	49,540	24,120	25,415	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	20,385	12,020	8,370	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	107,080	62,860	44,215	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,525	630	895	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	52,295	31,480	20,815	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	85,270	31,335	53,935	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	118,535	28,475	90,055	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	26,285	13,675	12,605	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	72,915	38,970	33,945	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	44,295	18,455	25,840	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	37,315	18,615	18,700	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	927,715	480,605	447,115	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	65,840	34,655	31,185	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	4,345	3,000	1,345	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	74,685	51,330	23,355	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	782,840	391,610	391,230	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	782,845	391,615	391,230	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	575,810	278,865	296,945	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	134,045	69,050	64,995	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	69,720	41,695	28,020	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	3,270	2,005	1,270	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	857,525	442,945	414,585	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	427,535	250,230	177,305	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	26,395	8,575	17,820	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	295,860	128,965	166,895	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	69,405	31,975	37,435	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	30,645	18,895	11,745	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	7,695	4,310	3,385	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	857,530	442,945	414,585	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	130,495	64,640	65,850	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	287,420	153,305	134,115	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	244,385	130,560	113,820	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	107,170	52,160	55,010	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	88,065	42,275	45,785	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	857,525	442,945	414,585	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	43,455	30,780	12,675	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	120,205	69,865	50,340	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	237,655	111,660	126,000	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	209,795	98,520	111,275	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	119,625	58,555	61,075	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	126,790	73,565	53,225	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	1,074,970	555,430	519,545	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	914,950	471,330	443,620	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	901,370	464,540	436,830	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	292,295	156,170	136,125	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	609,070	308,370	300,705	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	13,580	6,790	6,785	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	45	10	35	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	10	15	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	0	25	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	13,530	6,780	6,755	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,140	685	450	300	155	145
Berber languages	20	0	15	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	0	15	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,120	690	435	270	145	125
Amharic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Arabic	1,000	630	380	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	120	65	55	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,305	645	660	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	70	105	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,130	575	555	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	60	60	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	45	60	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	185	60	125	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	175	55	120	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	125	65	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	120	70	55	0	0	0
Telugu	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,980	2,910	3,070	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Armenian	110	60	50	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	885	395	485	480	245	235
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	870	390	480	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	145	60	85	65	50	20
Russian	560	270	290	280	145	135
Serbian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	105	35	70	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	755	305	450	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	20	0	15	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	180	65	110	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	10	0	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	545	225	315	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	305	155	150	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	925	545	380	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	440	275	165	685	455	225
Bengali	85	60	20	20	0	15
Gujarati	10	10	0	10	10	10
Hindi	25	25	10	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	145	100	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	60	35	25	10	0	10
Iranian languages	485	275	215	75	45	30
Kurdish	10	0	10	10	10	10
Pashto	10	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	470	270	200	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,990	1,440	1,545	580	330	245
Catalan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italian	455	255	200	20	10	10
Portuguese	380	220	160	330	215	115
Romanian	235	110	120	10	10	0
Spanish	1,915	860	1,050	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	180	70	110	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	270	140	135	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	65	25	40	210	80	135
American Sign Language	0	0	0	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	35	0	30	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	35	25	10	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,000	2,045	1,950	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	4,000	2,045	1,955	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	1,615	780	830	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,155	1,160	995	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	160	75	85	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	10	15	0	10
Lao	10	10	0	10	0	10
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	40	45	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	80	35	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	0	30	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	0	30	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	160,020	84,100	75,925	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	144,525	76,125	68,400	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	4,385	2,480	1,910	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	3,730	1,770	1,955	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	7,380	3,725	3,660	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	1,074,970	555,430	519,545	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	585,490	298,310	287,175	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	289,290	152,320	136,975	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	159,500	83,700	75,805	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	27,450	14,470	12,985	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	120	55	65	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	27,330	14,415	12,920	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	1,145	535	610	10	0	10
English and non-official language	7,685	3,670	4,020	65	45	20
French and non-official language	4,370	2,405	1,965	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	25	15	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,872,860	914,480	958,380	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	1,596,465	775,890	820,575	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	276,395	138,595	137,805	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	192,940	96,770	96,170	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	83,455	41,830	41,630	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	43,805	21,865	21,940	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	35,010	17,190	17,815	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	8,795	4,680	4,120	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	39,650	19,960	19,690	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,785,385	869,675	915,715	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	1,013,585	485,800	527,790	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	771,800	383,875	387,925	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	487,235	242,160	245,070	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	284,570	141,715	142,855	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	126,750	62,010	64,740	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	105,500	51,385	54,120	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	21,245	10,630	10,620	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	157,815	79,700	78,115	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Montréal [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Montréal [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montréal [Economic region], Quebec and Manitoba [Province]