Census Profile, 2016 Census
L'Avenir, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec and Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	L'Avenir, MÉ Quebec [Census subdivision]			Markham--Unionville Ontario [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , L'Avenir, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : L'Avenir, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,307	...	...	123,318	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,202	...	...	104,693	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	8.7	...	...	17.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	640	...	...	39,948	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	583	...	...	38,557	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	13.4	...	...	1,462.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	97.72	...	...	84.34	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,305	670	635	123,315	59,835	63,485
0 to 14 years	215	95	125	21,570	11,170	10,405
0 to 4 years	55	25	30	6,495	3,370	3,120
5 to 9 years	90	30	60	7,405	3,820	3,580
10 to 14 years	75	40	35	7,670	3,975	3,695
15 to 64 years	825	430	400	84,865	40,800	44,065
15 to 19 years	45	15	30	8,495	4,405	4,090
20 to 24 years	45	30	20	7,925	4,135	3,785
25 to 29 years	55	30	30	7,630	3,790	3,835
30 to 34 years	80	40	40	7,200	3,445	3,760
35 to 39 years	90	50	40	7,555	3,415	4,140
40 to 44 years	50	25	20	9,380	4,190	5,190
45 to 49 years	75	40	35	10,120	4,675	5,445
50 to 54 years	115	55	55	10,170	4,870	5,300
55 to 59 years	140	70	65	8,835	4,225	4,605
60 to 64 years	135	65	70	7,575	3,650	3,920
65 years and over	265	155	110	16,880	7,865	9,015
65 to 69 years	110	65	50	6,140	2,980	3,165
70 to 74 years	80	45	35	3,875	1,880	1,995
75 to 79 years	40	25	20	2,900	1,360	1,540
80 to 84 years	25	20	5	2,085	975	1,110
85 years and over	5	5	0	1,875	665	1,210
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	1,140	440	705
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	560	170	385
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	155	50	105
100 years and over	0	0	0	25	10	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.5	14.2	19.7	17.5	18.7	16.4
15 to 64 years	63.2	64.2	63.0	68.8	68.2	69.4
65 years and over	20.3	23.1	17.3	13.7	13.1	14.2
85 years and over	0.4	0.7	0.0	1.5	1.1	1.9
Average age of the population	44.3	46.2	42.3	39.5	38.6	40.4
Median age of the population	49.8	51.3	47.8	40.8	39.4	41.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	585	...	...	38,555	...	...
Single-detached house	475	...	...	22,760	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	5,110	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	45	...	...	10,685	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	3,470	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	6,570	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	395	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25	...	...	255	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	65	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	585	...	...	38,555	...	...
1 person	160	...	...	4,765	...	...
2 persons	270	...	...	9,365	...	...
3 persons	70	...	...	8,780	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	9,440	...	...
5 or more persons	35	...	...	6,205	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,300	...	...	122,660	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,090	580	505	101,750	48,665	53,080
Married or living common law	750	375	375	65,120	32,275	32,850
Married	435	215	215	62,370	30,900	31,465
Living common law	315	155	155	2,755	1,375	1,380
Not married and not living common law	340	205	130	36,625	16,395	20,235
Never married	210	130	75	26,870	14,000	12,865
Separated	5	5	0	1,520	505	1,015
Divorced	75	55	25	4,085	1,200	2,890
Widowed	45	20	30	4,160	690	3,470
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	410	...	...	36,110	...	...
2 persons	265	...	...	12,875	...	...
3 persons	60	...	...	10,205	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	10,430	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	2,595	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	410	...	...	36,110	...	...
Total couple families	370	...	...	31,465	...	...
Married couples	215	...	...	30,090	...	...
Common-law couples	160	...	...	1,375	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	35	...	...	4,645	...	...
Female parent	20	...	...	3,850	...	...
Male parent	20	...	...	790	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	370	...	...	31,465	...	...
Couples without children	240	...	...	10,075	...	...
Couples with children	130	...	...	21,390	...	...
1 child	60	...	...	8,765	...	...
2 children	50	...	...	10,100	...	...
3 or more children	30	...	...	2,525	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	4,640	...	...
1 child	30	...	...	2,800	...	...
2 children	5	...	...	1,440	...	...
3 or more children	5	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	215	135	80	11,105	4,335	6,770
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	585	...	...	38,555	...	...
One-census-family households	405	...	...	30,105	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	235	...	...	7,460	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	165	...	...	22,645	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	5	...	...	2,920	...	...
Non-census-family households	175	...	...	5,540	...	...
One-person households	160	...	...	4,770	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	15	...	...	770	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,305	675	635	122,975	59,750	63,220
English only	5	5	0	102,745	51,070	51,670
French only	900	450	455	35	15	15
English and French	400	225	180	6,940	3,060	3,880
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	13,260	5,605	7,650
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,310	675	635	122,970	59,750	63,220
English	40	20	20	107,995	53,355	54,640
French	1,265	650	615	765	355	405
English and French	0	5	0	1,090	495	595
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	13,120	5,545	7,580
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	40	20	20	1,310	605	700
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.1	3.0	3.1	1.1	1.0	1.1
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,310	675	635	122,970	59,755	63,220
Single responses	1,295	670	630	117,720	57,185	60,530
Official languages	1,280	655	630	36,595	18,900	17,700
English	35	20	15	35,930	18,595	17,335
French	1,245	635	610	670	305	365
Non-official languages	15	15	0	81,120	38,285	42,835
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15	10	0	81,120	38,285	42,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,180	570	615
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	45	15	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,130	550	585
Amharic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Arabic	0	0	0	1,080	520	560
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	10	5
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	390	175	215
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	370	165	210
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	5	1,250	485	760
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	20	5	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	10	30
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	160	65	90
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,010	385	625
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	70	35	40
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	2,160	1,035	1,125
Kannada	0	0	0	15	10	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	95	45	45
Tamil	0	0	0	1,980	935	1,045
Telugu	0	0	0	70	40	30
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	5	10,060	4,880	5,175
Albanian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Armenian	0	0	0	495	245	245
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	995	460	535
Baltic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Slavic languages	0	0	0	970	450	515
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Croatian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	395	190	210
Polish	0	0	0	125	65	65
Russian	0	0	0	225	90	135
Serbian	0	0	0	55	40	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	20	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	405	205	200
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	0	5
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	5
Dutch	0	5	0	75	45	35
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	10	5	0	270	135	140
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	20	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	915	450	460
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5,040	2,435	2,610
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	4,025	1,930	2,090
Bengali	0	0	0	150	80	70
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,090	510	570
Hindi	0	0	0	640	310	330
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	10
Marathi	0	0	0	55	30	35
Nepali	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	530	255	280
Sindhi	0	0	0	230	95	135
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	115	55	60
Urdu	0	0	0	1,170	575	590
Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,005	495	505
Kurdish	0	0	0	20	10	5
Pashto	0	0	0	50	20	30
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	935	465	470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0	2,175	1,065	1,115
Catalan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,155	575	580
Portuguese	0	0	0	220	100	120
Romanian	0	0	0	190	90	95
Spanish	0	5	0	610	295	310
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Japanese	0	0	0	165	55	110
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	525	240	285
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	85	40	50
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	15	5	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	15	5	15
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	25	10	15
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	64,935	30,635	34,300
Chinese languages	0	0	0	64,875	30,605	34,275
Cantonese	0	0	0	38,995	18,575	20,420
Hakka	0	0	0	715	325	385
Mandarin	0	0	0	23,005	10,735	12,265
Min Dong	0	0	0	50	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	805	365	440
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	555	245	310
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	735	330	405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	60	30	30
Burmese	0	0	0	55	25	25
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Lao	0	0	0	25	10	10
Thai	0	0	0	20	0	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	80	40	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	70	40	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	5
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	155	80	75
Estonian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Finnish	0	0	0	20	5	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	105	55	45
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	10	5	5,250	2,565	2,685
English and French	5	5	0	185	95	95
English and non-official language	0	0	0	4,830	2,360	2,470
French and non-official language	5	0	0	80	45	35
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	155	70	85
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,310	675	635	122,975	59,750	63,215
Single responses	1,300	670	630	109,825	53,375	56,450
Official languages	1,300	670	630	52,740	26,515	26,220
English	30	15	10	52,470	26,400	26,065
French	1,270	655	615	270	115	155
Non-official languages	0	0	0	57,085	26,860	30,225
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	57,085	26,860	30,225
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	485	215	265
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20	5	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	20	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	465	210	255
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	450	205	245
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	135	70	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	130	70	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	410	185	230
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	55	30	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	335	150	185
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	1,250	575	680
Kannada	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	45	25	25
Tamil	0	0	0	1,160	525	635
Telugu	0	0	0	40	20	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	4,145	1,940	2,205
Albanian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0	260	130	130
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	315	150	170
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	315	150	165
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	120	55	65
Polish	0	0	0	40	25	20
Russian	0	0	0	110	50	60
Serbian	0	0	0	30	15	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	30	15	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	315	150	165
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,110	1,280
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,795	840	960
Bengali	0	0	0	75	35	40
Gujarati	0	0	0	490	220	270
Hindi	0	0	0	260	110	150
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	25	10	15
Nepali	0	0	0	5	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	255	120	135
Sindhi	0	0	0	70	30	40
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Urdu	0	0	0	575	285	290
Iranian languages	0	0	0	595	270	325
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	5	10
Pashto	0	0	0	30	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	555	250	300
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	810	375	435
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	325	140	185
Portuguese	0	0	0	75	30	40
Romanian	0	0	0	85	40	45
Spanish	0	0	0	325	155	170
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	85	35	55
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	140	145
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	50,125	23,630	26,500
Chinese languages	0	0	0	50,105	23,620	26,485
Cantonese	0	0	0	30,335	14,280	16,055
Hakka	0	0	0	275	130	150
Mandarin	0	0	0	18,335	8,680	9,650
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	310	145	170
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	370	170	200
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	460	215	255
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	15	5	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	5
Turkic languages	0	0	0	40	15	25
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	35	20	20
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	40	15	20
Estonian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	5	5	13,145	6,375	6,775
English and French	0	0	0	185	90	95
English and non-official language	5	0	5	12,735	6,195	6,540
French and non-official language	5	5	0	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	205	80	130
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,310	675	630	122,970	59,750	63,220
None	1,230	635	600	81,110	39,550	41,560
English	45	25	25	21,520	10,485	11,040
French	20	10	10	660	280	375
Non-official language	5	5	5	18,995	9,135	9,855
Aboriginal	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	5	5	5	18,990	9,130	9,855
English and French	0	0	0	85	35	45
English and non-official language	5	5	0	435	200	235
French and non-official language	0	0	0	160	70	90
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,080	575	500	101,105	48,500	52,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,060	565	495	95,005	45,450	49,555
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,712	32,384	22,656	28,375	33,402	25,029
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,060	565	490	95,030	45,455	49,575
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,917	29,312	21,376	26,505	30,783	23,674
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	930	520	415	85,320	41,555	43,765
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	23,616	28,608	19,776	29,998	36,303	25,065
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	870	465	410	67,930	29,490	38,435
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,218	8,608	7,472	1,447	733	2,304
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	720	405	320	68,410	34,485	33,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,152	29,696	22,368	35,077	40,501	30,253
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,095	590	505	101,205	48,525	52,680
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,085	585	500	95,035	45,600	49,435
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,376	33,967	26,189	47,640	56,629	39,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,085	585	500	95,060	45,615	49,445
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,537	29,358	23,246	38,655	44,734	33,047
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	925	510	415	85,260	41,615	43,645
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,855	30,065	22,916	49,156	59,097	39,677
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	885	480	405	68,255	29,910	38,345
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,091	9,305	8,837	4,930	4,109	5,571
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	710	395	310	68,505	34,535	33,965
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,720	31,315	25,404	52,375	61,859	42,732
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,095	585	505	101,205	48,525	52,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	275	180	95	33,500	18,505	14,995
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	37,463	38,182	36,249	60,444	67,217	54,155
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	40,175	41,829	37,058	75,878	85,361	64,179
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	77.2	79.5	73.5	92.5	95.2	89.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	62.2	62.9	62.2	78.8	81.9	74.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	22.7	20.4	26.3	7.4	4.7	11.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,080	575	505	101,105	48,495	52,605
Without total income	25	10	15	6,100	3,050	3,045
With total income	1,060	565	495	95,005	45,450	49,560
Percentage with total income	98.1	98.3	98.0	94.0	93.7	94.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	145	45	100	20,535	9,025	11,515
$10,000 to $19,999	230	110	115	17,800	7,685	10,120
$20,000 to $29,999	190	95	95	10,610	4,760	5,850
$30,000 to $39,999	165	100	65	7,970	3,495	4,470
$40,000 to $49,999	130	70	55	6,880	3,080	3,800
$50,000 to $59,999	80	55	25	5,655	2,630	3,030
$60,000 to $69,999	40	30	10	4,780	2,315	2,470
$70,000 to $79,999	35	25	10	3,875	2,020	1,855
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	0	3,430	1,885	1,545
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	3,025	1,655	1,370
$100,000 and over	20	15	5	10,445	6,895	3,545
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	5	6,710	4,215	2,500
$150,000 and over	5	0	0	3,735	2,685	1,055
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,080	575	505	101,100	48,500	52,605
Without after-tax income	25	10	15	6,070	3,040	3,030
With after-tax income	1,060	570	490	95,030	45,460	49,575
Percentage with after-tax income	98.1	99.1	97.0	94.0	93.7	94.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	155	50	100	20,885	9,145	11,740
$10,000 to $19,999	245	120	125	18,400	8,010	10,390
$20,000 to $29,999	235	125	115	11,825	5,255	6,570
$30,000 to $39,999	200	125	75	9,310	4,130	5,180
$40,000 to $49,999	110	75	35	7,980	3,665	4,310
$50,000 to $59,999	70	45	20	6,470	3,140	3,330
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	10	5,070	2,705	2,365
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	5	4,460	2,455	2,000
$80,000 and over	10	10	0	10,635	6,955	3,685
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	3,210	1,905	1,310
$90,000 to $99,999	0	5	0	2,090	1,320	770
$100,000 and over	10	5	5	5,335	3,725	1,605
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,085	580	500	101,100	48,495	52,605
Without employment income	360	180	185	32,690	14,010	18,680
With employment income	720	405	320	68,415	34,485	33,930
Percentage with employment income	66.4	69.8	64.0	67.7	71.1	64.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	130	70	60	8,445	3,835	4,610
$5,000 to $9,999	50	25	30	5,905	2,605	3,300
$10,000 to $19,999	125	65	60	9,665	4,560	5,100
$20,000 to $29,999	110	50	60	7,040	3,270	3,775
$30,000 to $39,999	100	55	40	6,025	2,800	3,220
$40,000 to $49,999	80	50	30	5,305	2,435	2,865
$50,000 to $59,999	40	30	10	4,475	2,140	2,335
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	10	3,950	1,960	1,985
$70,000 to $79,999	25	20	5	3,240	1,745	1,495
$80,000 and over	30	15	5	14,365	9,130	5,235
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	5	2,950	1,645	1,310
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	5	2,770	1,550	1,215
$100,000 and over	10	5	5	8,655	5,935	2,715
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	585	...	...	38,555	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	51,840	...	...	90,141	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	46,635	...	...	79,118	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	165	...	...	4,770	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,224	...	...	40,933	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,024	...	...	36,318	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	420	...	...	33,790	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	61,184	...	...	99,425	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	54,912	...	...	87,248	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	580	...	...	38,595	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	56,482	...	...	117,310	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	49,342	...	...	95,209	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	160	...	...	4,720	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,836	...	...	56,968	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,127	...	...	45,364	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	425	...	...	33,875	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	66,803	...	...	125,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	58,010	...	...	102,155	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	585	...	...	38,555	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	1,055	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	560	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...	755	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	35	...	...	920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	955	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	1,345	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45	...	...	1,330	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	45	...	...	1,255	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	1,240	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	1,145	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	70	...	...	2,260	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	50	...	...	2,275	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	50	...	...	2,100	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35	...	...	2,050	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	35	...	...	1,970	...	...
$100,000 and over	70	...	...	17,340	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	4,060	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	3,400	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	4,545	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	5,330	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	585	...	...	38,555	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	1,125	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...	760	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	35	...	...	955	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	50	...	...	1,020	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	1,455	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	65	...	...	1,435	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	40	...	...	1,400	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	1,435	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	40	...	...	1,370	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	80	...	...	2,765	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	55	...	...	2,600	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	50	...	...	2,610	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	2,395	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25	...	...	2,125	...	...
$100,000 and over	35	...	...	14,530	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	4,610	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	3,465	...	...
$150,000 and over	0	...	...	6,455	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	410	...	...	33,530	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	61,440	...	...	98,752	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	54,955	...	...	86,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	235	...	...	7,090	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	55,776	...	...	79,588	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	50,304	...	...	69,988	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	130	...	...	21,360	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	83,968	...	...	116,554	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	73,523	...	...	101,027	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	3,915	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,416	...	...	51,812	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	40,576	...	...	48,166	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	405	...	...	33,585	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	67,962	...	...	125,353	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	58,889	...	...	101,756	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	235	...	...	7,030	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	54,956	...	...	113,466	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	48,152	...	...	88,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	140	...	...	21,360	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,924	...	...	140,893	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	80,797	...	...	114,805	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	3,985	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,796	...	...	67,395	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,150	...	...	58,137	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	190	125	70	6,900	3,150	3,750
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,896	32,320	22,336	30,035	31,824	28,688
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,256	28,224	21,568	27,867	29,683	26,752
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	195	120	70	6,860	3,135	3,725
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	27,166	28,743	24,385	46,352	51,124	42,335
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	24,757	25,861	22,809	37,524	40,621	34,917
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,295	670	625	122,660	59,660	63,000
In the bottom half of the distribution	940	480	460	55,045	26,260	28,790
In the bottom decile	130	60	75	14,085	6,640	7,440
In the second decile	215	110	105	11,640	5,565	6,075
In the third decile	180	90	90	9,955	4,740	5,215
In the fourth decile	220	125	100	9,470	4,590	4,875
In the fifth decile	185	95	90	9,890	4,715	5,175
In the top half of the distribution	360	190	165	67,610	33,395	34,215
In the sixth decile	150	80	70	10,010	4,855	5,155
In the seventh decile	95	55	45	11,030	5,425	5,605
In the eighth decile	70	35	30	12,510	6,135	6,375
In the ninth decile	25	10	10	15,610	7,750	7,860
In the top decile	15	5	5	18,445	9,235	9,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,295	670	625	122,660	59,655	63,005
0 to 17 years	235	100	140	26,725	13,850	12,875
0 to 5 years	70	30	35	7,880	4,080	3,805
18 to 64 years	795	415	380	79,630	38,080	41,550
65 years and over	260	150	110	16,300	7,720	8,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	220	110	110	20,205	9,600	10,605
0 to 17 years	30	15	20	4,975	2,565	2,405
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	1,520	775	740
18 to 64 years	130	60	65	12,905	5,920	6,985
65 years and over	55	35	25	2,330	1,110	1,215
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.0	16.4	17.6	16.5	16.1	16.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.8	15.0	14.3	18.6	18.5	18.7
0 to 5 years (%)	7.1	0.0	14.3	19.3	19.0	19.4
18 to 64 years (%)	16.4	14.5	17.1	16.2	15.5	16.8
65 years and over (%)	21.2	23.3	22.7	14.3	14.4	14.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	55	25	35	15,890	7,505	8,385
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	4,020	2,060	1,960
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	1,185	610	575
18 to 64 years	45	20	25	10,560	4,855	5,705
65 years and over	5	5	0	1,310	590	720
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	3.7	5.6	13.0	12.6	13.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	5.0	3.6	15.0	14.9	15.2
0 to 5 years (%)	0.0	0.0	0.0	15.0	15.0	15.1
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	4.8	6.6	13.3	12.7	13.7
65 years and over (%)	1.9	3.3	0.0	8.0	7.6	8.4
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,295	675	620	122,760	59,665	63,100
Official languages	1,295	675	625	109,520	54,105	55,415
English	415	220	200	109,470	54,080	55,395
French	1,290	670	620	6,915	3,115	3,800
Non-official languages	55	30	30	94,985	45,055	49,930
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	55	30	30	94,985	45,055	49,930
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,760	805	955
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	25
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	25	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,730	795	930
Amharic	0	0	0	70	40	30
Arabic	0	0	0	1,580	730	850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hebrew	0	0	0	45	20	25
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	15	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	850	350	500
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	835	350	490
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,635	625	1,010
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	40	20	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	80	35	45
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	215	100	115
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,390	510	880
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	305	160	150
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	100
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	65	50
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	2,890	1,410	1,480
Kannada	0	0	0	20	10	20
Malayalam	0	0	0	120	70	50
Tamil	0	0	0	2,645	1,280	1,370
Telugu	0	0	0	145	80	65
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	25	30	14,290	6,955	7,335
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	500	255	245
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,195	555	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Latvian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,175	550	630
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Czech	0	0	0	20	10	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	610	300	310
Polish	0	0	0	150	85	65
Russian	0	0	0	310	130	180
Serbian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	710	365	345
Afrikaans	0	0	0	50	30	15
Danish	0	0	0	35	15	20
Dutch	0	0	0	120	65	60
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	10	0	475	245	230
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	25	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	10
Greek	0	0	0	1,520	770	750
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	7,670	3,750	3,920
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	6,370	3,125	3,245
Bengali	0	0	0	220	115	105
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,565	765	805
Hindi	0	0	0	2,365	1,115	1,250
Kashmiri	0	0	0	15	0	10
Konkani	0	0	0	50	20	30
Marathi	0	0	0	105	65	40
Nepali	0	0	0	40	15	25
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,340	660	685
Sindhi	0	0	0	440	195	250
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	275	155	120
Urdu	0	0	0	2,050	1,060	985
Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,370	660	705
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	75	35	35
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	1,310	625	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	40	20
Italic (Romance) languages	50	15	30	3,090	1,455	1,640
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	10	0	1,600	755	845
Portuguese	0	0	0	320	145	170
Romanian	0	0	0	155	85	75
Spanish	40	15	30	1,095	485	600
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	520	260	260
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	845	390	455
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	235	120	120
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	10	10
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swahili	0	0	0	135	70	65
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	45	20	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
American Sign Language	0	0	0	15	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	73,365	34,820	38,545
Chinese languages	0	0	0	73,335	34,810	38,525
Cantonese	0	0	0	47,665	22,665	24,995
Hakka	0	0	0	795	380	410
Mandarin	0	0	0	35,985	16,425	19,560
Min Dong	0	0	0	55	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,005	470	535
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	895	415	480
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	690	305	385
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	10
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	140	80	65
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	140	80	60
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	205	110	95
Estonian	0	0	0	65	40	30
Finnish	0	0	0	30	10	25
Hungarian	0	0	0	110	70	40
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,295	670	620	122,765	59,660	63,105
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,295	675	620	104,790	51,245	53,545
Canadian citizens aged under 18	220	90	130	24,580	12,700	11,880
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,075	585	490	80,210	38,545	41,670
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	0	0	0	17,975	8,420	9,555
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,295	675	620	122,765	59,665	63,100
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	1,265	655	615	44,715	23,225	21,485
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	30	25	10	75,130	35,025	40,100
Before 1981	30	25	10	11,395	5,740	5,660
1981 to 1990	0	0	0	12,555	5,855	6,705
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	24,920	11,490	13,430
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	18,015	8,170	9,845
2001 to 2005	0	0	0	10,145	4,610	5,535
2006 to 2010	0	0	0	7,870	3,560	4,310
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	0	0	0	8,235	3,775	4,460
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	0	2,925	1,410	1,510
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	30	20	0	75,130	35,025	40,100
Under 5 years	15	10	10	5,670	2,865	2,805
5 to 14 years	10	10	0	11,245	5,530	5,720
15 to 24 years	0	0	0	15,015	6,865	8,150
25 to 44 years	10	10	0	33,490	15,415	18,075
45 years and over	0	0	0	9,700	4,350	5,355
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	25	25	10	75,130	35,025	40,100
Americas	10	0	0	3,750	1,705	2,040
Brazil	0	0	0	65	30	30
Colombia	0	0	0	60	30	35
El Salvador	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	680	295	380
Haiti	0	0	0	20	10	15
Jamaica	0	0	0	1,220	545	675
Mexico	0	0	0	45	35	10
Peru	0	0	0	85	30	55
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	380	165	210
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	675	310	360
Other places of birth in Americas	0	10	0	520	255	265
Europe	25	20	10	3,880	1,970	1,915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	15	10	10
France	0	0	10	70	30	45
Germany	0	0	0	165	85	80
Greece	0	0	0	675	350	325
Hungary	0	0	0	70	40	30
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	45	20	25
Italy	10	10	0	830	410	415
Netherlands	0	10	0	70	45	25
Poland	0	0	0	110	65	50
Portugal	0	0	0	105	40	65
Romania	0	0	0	155	80	75
Russian Federation	0	0	0	100	35	65
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	35	10	25
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	890	490	400
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	515	250	270
Africa	0	0	0	2,725	1,365	1,360
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	600	295	305
Ethiopia	0	0	0	85	60	30
Kenya	0	0	0	440	240	205
Morocco	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	90	45	50
Somalia	0	0	0	15	0	15
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	175	100	75
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,300	620	680
Asia	0	0	0	64,695	29,945	34,750
Afghanistan	0	0	0	295	140	155
Bangladesh	0	0	0	95	45	50
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	30,305	13,745	16,565
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	19,125	9,105	10,025
India	0	0	0	3,040	1,440	1,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	805	395	405
Iraq	0	0	0	115	50	65
Japan	0	0	0	195	95	95
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	545	255	290
Lebanon	0	0	0	290	145	145
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,175	555	620
Philippines	0	0	0	1,525	635	895
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	1,765	850	915
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	70	40	25
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,340	565	770
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,615	715	895
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,395	1,155	1,240
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	85	40	40
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	0	0	0	8,235	3,775	4,465
Americas	0	0	0	290	140	150
Brazil	0	0	0	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	40	15	25
Mexico	0	0	0	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	155	80	85
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	55	35	20
Europe	0	0	0	105	70	40
France	0	0	0	25	15	10
Germany	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	50	35	15
Africa	0	0	0	175	85	95
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	110	45	65
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	55	25	25
Asia	0	0	0	7,655	3,475	4,180
Afghanistan	0	0	0	50	25	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	6,085	2,755	3,330
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	325	130	200
India	0	0	0	270	130	135
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	80	40	40
Iraq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	20	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	60	30	30
Lebanon	0	0	0	25	15	15
Nepal	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	185	95	95
Philippines	0	0	0	85	20	65
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	40	35	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	85	35	50
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	115	65	55
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	25	15	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0	40	10	30
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	110	50	60
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Australia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,295	675	620	122,765	59,660	63,100
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	30	20	10	78,850	36,885	41,965
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	10	10	10	34,815	18,030	16,785
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,260	645	610	9,095	4,745	4,350
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	0	0	0	64,730	29,825	34,905
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	0	0	0	40,075	19,740	20,335
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	0	0	0	15,030	10,015	5,015
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	0	0	0	25,040	9,725	15,315
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	0	0	0	18,865	7,140	11,730
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	0	0	4,300	2,255	2,045
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	1,490	695	795
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,295	675	625	122,765	59,665	63,105
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	15	10	10	115	50	65
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	15	10	0	105	45	60
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	0	0	0	45	25	15
Métis	15	10	0	50	10	40
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,285	665	620	122,650	59,615	63,035
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,295	675	625	122,765	59,665	63,100
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,295	675	620	122,750	59,655	63,095
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,295	675	620	122,765	59,660	63,105
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	30	15	10	20	0	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	30	20	10	15	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	20	10	10	15	10	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	45	25	20	240	120	120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	45	20	25	240	125	120
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	20	200	105	90
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	35	10	20
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,225	635	590	122,500	59,535	62,970
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,295	675	625	122,765	59,665	63,100
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	0	0	0	103,905	50,180	53,725
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	12,155	5,965	6,195
Chinese	0	0	0	79,145	38,195	40,945
Black	0	0	0	2,070	955	1,110
Filipino	0	0	0	1,910	770	1,135
Latin American	0	0	0	395	210	185
Arab	0	0	0	1,450	700	745
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	915	410	500
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	1,140	570	575
Korean	0	0	0	910	430	480
Japanese	0	0	0	385	195	195
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	630	295	330
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	2,810	1,490	1,325
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,295	675	620	18,855	9,480	9,375
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,300	675	620	122,760	59,660	63,100
North American Aboriginal origins	70	40	30	260	130	135
First Nations (North American Indian)	55	30	25	200	110	95
Inuit	0	0	0	15	10	10
Métis	20	15	0	50	15	30
Other North American origins	1,020	520	505	6,425	3,235	3,190
Acadian	15	10	0	25	10	20
American	10	0	10	420	190	230
Canadian	990	500	490	6,085	3,080	3,010
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	15	10	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	50	30	20	20	10	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	540	285	260	19,630	9,765	9,865
British Isles origins	100	45	50	9,340	4,620	4,720
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	10	10	0	5,390	2,740	2,650
Irish	50	30	25	3,650	1,875	1,780
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	35	10	25	3,785	1,810	1,970
Welsh	0	0	0	300	145	160
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	0	0	0	820	410	410
French origins	455	215	235	1,765	830	940
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	455	220	235	1,760	830	935
Western European origins (except French origins)	40	35	10	2,850	1,515	1,335
Austrian	0	0	0	210	110	100
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	15	10	0	95	45	45
Dutch	10	10	0	680	370	315
Flemish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	20	0	1,970	1,055	915
Luxembourger	0	0	0	20	10	0
Swiss	10	10	0	150	80	70
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	0	0	0	595	300	295
Danish	0	0	0	135	65	65
Finnish	0	0	0	165	70	95
Icelandic	0	0	0	35	15	25
Norwegian	0	0	0	80	55	25
Swedish	0	0	0	190	95	90
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	30	15	15
Eastern European origins	15	10	0	2,570	1,345	1,225
Bulgarian	0	0	0	50	20	30
Byelorussian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	75	40	40
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	95	60	35
Hungarian	0	0	0	365	180	190
Latvian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	85	25	60
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Polish	0	0	0	835	435	395
Romanian	10	10	0	285	155	130
Russian	0	0	0	570	270	300
Slovak	0	0	0	50	35	20
Ukrainian	10	10	0	620	355	265
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Southern European origins	10	10	0	8,165	4,025	4,140
Albanian	0	0	0	40	25	20
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	15
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Croatian	0	0	0	60	15	45
Cypriot	0	0	0	30	15	15
Greek	0	0	0	2,300	1,130	1,170
Italian	10	0	0	3,615	1,795	1,815
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	880	410	470
Maltese	0	0	0	80	30	50
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	930	515	415
Serbian	0	0	0	90	35	50
Sicilian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	70	25	45
Spanish	0	0	0	730	350	380
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	25	10	20
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other European origins	0	0	0	185	100	85
Basque	0	0	0	15	10	0
Jewish	0	0	0	90	50	40
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	75	45	30
Caribbean origins	0	0	0	2,495	1,200	1,300
Antiguan	0	0	0	10	15	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	30	30	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	65	20	45
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	65	40	20
Dominican	0	0	0	25	15	10
Grenadian	0	0	0	30	15	20
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Jamaican	0	0	0	1,645	795	850
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	400	205	190
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	50	25	25
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	370	190	185
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	40	20	15
Latin, Central and South American origins	10	0	0	1,070	515	550
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	20	0	15
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	45	15	25
Belizean	0	0	0	10	15	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	75	35	40
Chilean	0	0	0	10	10	10
Colombian	0	0	0	65	40	30
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	45	30	20
Guatemalan	0	0	0	15	15	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	465	240	220
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	105	50	60
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Paraguayan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Peruvian	0	0	0	80	30	55
Salvadorean	0	0	0	10	10	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	55	15	40
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	60	25	35
African origins	0	0	0	2,640	1,290	1,350
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	260	115	145
Akan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	35	20	25
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	55	20	35
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	105	45	60
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	15	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	45	15	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	0	0	0	1,080	550	530
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	110	50	60
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	865	430	435
Libyan	0	0	0	25	15	10
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	40	25	10
Sudanese	0	0	0	30	15	10
Tunisian	0	0	0	35	20	15
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	780	410	370
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	10	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	155	85	70
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	10
Kenyan	0	0	0	115	60	55
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	150	90	60
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	55	20	35
South African	0	0	0	130	65	70
Tanzanian	0	0	0	55	25	30
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	115	50	60
Other African origins	0	0	0	520	225	300
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	80	40	40
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	440	180	260
Asian origins	0	0	0	100,385	48,485	51,895
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	0	0	0	3,335	1,635	1,695
Afghan	0	0	0	400	185	215
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	205	95	105
Armenian	0	0	0	550	275	275
Assyrian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	20	10	0
Georgian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Hazara	0	0	0	45	25	15
Iranian	0	0	0	1,065	530	540
Iraqi	0	0	0	170	50	115
Israeli	0	0	0	35	20	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	25	15	10
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	460	210	245
Palestinian	0	0	0	135	65	65
Pashtun	0	0	0	35	25	15
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	50	30	25
Tajik	0	0	0	45	20	20
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	110	55	55
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	15	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	65	35	25
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	110	55	55
South Asian origins	0	0	0	12,585	6,195	6,390
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	95	50	40
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	0	0	0	8,500	4,100	4,400
Goan	0	0	0	65	30	30
Gujarati	0	0	0	105	35	70
Kashmiri	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nepali	0	0	0	65	35	30
Pakistani	0	0	0	1,150	610	540
Punjabi	0	0	0	210	95	110
Sinhalese	0	0	0	115	85	35
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	1,980	950	1,030
Tamil	0	0	0	770	415	360
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	615	335	275
East and Southeast Asian origins	0	0	0	84,900	40,860	44,045
Burmese	0	0	0	75	25	50
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Chinese	0	0	0	80,585	39,000	41,585
Filipino	0	0	0	2,360	1,030	1,330
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	200	95	110
Japanese	0	0	0	605	295	305
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	1,195	600	590
Laotian	0	0	0	35	25	15
Malaysian	0	0	0	220	110	110
Mongolian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	75	40	35
Taiwanese	0	0	0	590	275	310
Thai	0	0	0	30	10	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,160	520	635
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	185	105	85
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	185	100	80
Oceania origins	0	0	0	80	50	30
Australian	0	0	0	45	25	20
New Zealander	0	0	0	25	15	10
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	585	...	...	38,595	...	...
Owner	510	...	...	33,915	...	...
Renter	75	...	...	4,680	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	580	...	...	38,595	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	6,795	...	...
Not condominium	575	...	...	31,800	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	580	...	...	38,595	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	65	...	...
1 bedroom	75	...	...	3,100	...	...
2 bedrooms	165	...	...	3,470	...	...
3 bedrooms	230	...	...	10,390	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	120	...	...	21,570	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	580	...	...	38,595	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	155	...	...	7,830	...	...
5 rooms	95	...	...	5,595	...	...
6 rooms	105	...	...	5,875	...	...
7 rooms	70	...	...	5,640	...	...
8 or more rooms	150	...	...	13,660	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	580	...	...	38,595	...	...
One person or fewer per room	585	...	...	37,575	...	...
More than 1 person per room	0	...	...	1,025	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	585	...	...	38,595	...	...
Suitable	565	...	...	36,615	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	1,975	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	585	...	...	38,595	...	...
1960 or before	155	...	...	430	...	...
1961 to 1980	225	...	...	2,495	...	...
1981 to 1990	100	...	...	6,170	...	...
1991 to 2000	35	...	...	6,280	...	...
2001 to 2005	30	...	...	8,820	...	...
2006 to 2010	20	...	...	6,040	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	15	...	...	8,360	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	580	...	...	38,590	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	515	...	...	37,845	...	...
Major repairs needed	65	...	...	750	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	580	...	...	38,595	...	...
1 household maintainer	365	...	...	18,890	...	...
2 household maintainers	220	...	...	18,045	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	0	...	...	1,655	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	585	...	...	38,590	...	...
15 to 24 years	20	...	...	565	...	...
25 to 34 years	45	...	...	4,500	...	...
35 to 44 years	65	...	...	7,890	...	...
45 to 54 years	115	...	...	10,305	...	...
55 to 64 years	160	...	...	8,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	115	...	...	4,585	...	...
75 to 84 years	60	...	...	1,835	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	595	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	540	...	...	38,470	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	470	...	...	24,475	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	70	...	...	13,995	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70	...	...	10,525	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	475	...	...	33,905	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.9	...	...	62.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.7	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	575	...	...	1,729	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	680	...	...	1,873	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	159,782	...	...	901,034	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	169,574	...	...	1,009,131	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	70	...	...	4,680	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	0.0	...	...	6.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	0.0	...	...	55.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	576	...	...	1,651	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	609	...	...	1,609	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,095	590	505	101,205	48,525	52,680
No certificate, diploma or degree	340	195	150	15,410	6,845	8,565
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	210	95	120	25,445	11,830	13,615
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	545	300	245	60,350	29,850	30,505
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	250	180	75	2,350	1,425	925
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	175	115	60	1,350	745	605
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	75	65	15	1,005	685	320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	200	90	110	14,840	6,535	8,305
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	15	15	3,150	1,495	1,660
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	65	20	45	40,010	20,390	19,620
Bachelor's degree	60	15	45	28,030	13,865	14,165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	1,895	845	1,050
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	900	445	455
Master's degree	10	0	0	8,270	4,565	3,700
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	920	670	245
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	735	385	355	68,460	32,220	36,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	180	105	80	5,410	2,360	3,055
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	145	55	85	13,535	5,835	7,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	410	225	185	49,510	24,035	25,480
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	205	140	65	1,555	910	635
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	155	100	55	855	435	415
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	55	45	10	700	480	225
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	140	60	80	11,785	5,095	6,690
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	10	0	2,515	1,130	1,385
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	50	15	35	33,660	16,895	16,765
Bachelor's degree	50	15	35	23,155	11,290	11,865
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	1,500	640	860
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	715	335	375
Master's degree	0	0	0	7,490	4,070	3,420
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	810	565	240
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,095	585	505	101,210	48,525	52,680
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	550	290	265	40,855	18,680	22,175
Education	50	10	45	2,580	515	2,065
13. Education	50	0	50	2,580	520	2,065
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	10	2,175	890	1,285
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	200	125	70
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	0	1,980	760	1,220
Humanities	15	10	10	3,165	1,045	2,120
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	10	600	155	440
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	820	185	635
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	1,045	325	725
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	115	70	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	270	160	105
54. History	10	10	0	245	125	115
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	65	15	55
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	15	6,835	2,655	4,180
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	65	10	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	10	0	600	275	325
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	755	85	675
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	865	330	530
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	70	20	55
42. Psychology	0	0	0	850	180	670
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	3,630	1,755	1,870
Business, management and public administration	65	25	40	18,540	7,960	10,575
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	30	10	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	380	85	290
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	20	40	18,135	7,865	10,265
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	3,105	1,415	1,690
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	10	0	1,130	485	645
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	940	370	575
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	75	35	40
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	890	505	375
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	75	25	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	6,205	4,225	1,980
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	10	4,805	3,455	1,345
25. Library science	0	0	0	65	15	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	1,195	635	555
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	145	115	25
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	175	160	15	10,290	8,525	1,765
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	565	370	195
14. Engineering	10	0	10	6,570	5,205	1,360
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	25	20	0	1,505	1,345	165
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	35	35	0	445	435	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	50	50	0	860	845	10
48. Precision production	55	55	0	340	330	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	70	45	30	515	245	265
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	55	35	25	275	140	140
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	10	10	235	110	125
Health and related fields	70	0	60	5,465	1,710	3,755
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	525	275	250
51. Health professions and related programs	65	0	60	4,745	1,325	3,420
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	195	105	90
Personal, protective and transportation services	45	35	10	1,465	660	805
12. Personal and culinary services	10	0	10	1,010	345	665
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	20	20	0	220	155	65
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	20	0	210	135	80
Other	0	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	735	380	355	68,460	32,220	36,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	325	155	165	18,945	8,190	10,760
Education	30	0	25	1,765	335	1,420
13. Education	30	0	25	1,765	340	1,420
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	0	1,730	685	1,040
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	135	95	35
50. Visual and performing arts	10	10	0	1,595	585	1,005
Humanities	20	10	10	2,465	765	1,700
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	450	110	345
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	675	130	545
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	795	220	575
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	90	60	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	220	140	80
54. History	0	10	0	165	95	70
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	60	10	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	15	5,625	2,150	3,475
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	60	10	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	10	0	425	190	235
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	630	75	555
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	745	275	470
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	55	20	35
42. Psychology	0	0	0	620	105	515
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	3,095	1,475	1,615
Business, management and public administration	45	0	35	15,945	6,520	9,425
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	25	10	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	305	60	245
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	10	35	15,620	6,455	9,165
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	2,295	1,000	1,290
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	790	330	460
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	735	270	460
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	70	30	35
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	645	350	290
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	65	20	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	10	5,800	3,935	1,860
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	10	4,585	3,295	1,290
25. Library science	0	0	0	60	15	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	1,030	535	495
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	125	95	30
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	135	125	10	8,205	6,625	1,585
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	425	250	170
14. Engineering	0	0	0	5,535	4,285	1,250
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	25	10	10	1,060	935	125
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	315	305	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	40	0	635	625	10
48. Precision production	40	40	0	235	215	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	65	40	30	415	200	210
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	55	35	25	230	115	120
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	180	90	90
Health and related fields	35	0	35	4,130	1,295	2,835
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	370	200	170
51. Health professions and related programs	35	0	35	3,615	1,015	2,595
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	135	75	60
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	30	10	1,140	520	625
12. Personal and culinary services	10	0	10	810	285	525
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	15	10	0	175	125	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	140	95	45
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,095	585	505	101,205	48,525	52,680
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	550	285	260	40,850	18,680	22,180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	545	305	245	60,355	29,850	30,500
Location of study inside Canada	545	305	245	38,405	19,150	19,255
Same as province or territory of residence	530	295	235	35,505	17,595	17,910
Different than province or territory of residence	15	10	10	2,895	1,555	1,345
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	0	0	0	21,950	10,700	11,245
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	1,785	995	795
Philippines	0	0	0	855	280	580
India	0	0	0	1,455	655	795
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	1,420	765	660
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	8,790	4,240	4,550
France	0	0	0	110	55	55
Other	0	0	0	7,535	3,715	3,820
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	735	380	355	68,455	32,220	36,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	325	155	170	18,950	8,190	10,760
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	410	225	185	49,510	24,030	25,480
Location of study inside Canada	410	225	185	31,905	15,785	16,115
Same as province or territory of residence	400	220	180	29,445	14,460	14,980
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	2,455	1,325	1,135
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	0	0	0	17,605	8,245	9,360
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	1,510	825	680
Philippines	0	0	0	670	200	470
India	0	0	0	1,140	510	630
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	990	505	485
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	7,485	3,530	3,960
France	0	0	0	95	40	50
Other	0	0	0	5,720	2,630	3,090
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,095	590	505	101,205	48,530	52,680
In the labour force	630	350	280	63,755	32,855	30,905
Employed	600	340	255	59,375	30,785	28,595
Unemployed	30	10	25	4,380	2,070	2,310
Not in the labour force	465	245	225	37,450	15,675	21,775
Participation rate	57.5	59.3	55.4	63.0	67.7	58.7
Employment rate	54.8	57.6	50.5	58.7	63.4	54.3
Unemployment rate	4.8	2.9	8.9	6.9	6.3	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,095	585	505	101,205	48,525	52,680
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	420	205	215	35,710	14,830	20,875
Worked	680	385	295	65,500	33,690	31,805
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	290	195	95	34,555	19,210	15,350
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	385	190	200	30,940	14,490	16,455
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	40.1	39.9	42.6	43.4	41.8
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	630	350	285	63,760	32,850	30,905
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10	0	10	1,765	775	990
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	615	350	270	61,995	32,075	29,915
Employee	515	275	240	52,105	25,995	26,105
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	100	70	35	9,885	6,080	3,810
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	630	345	280	63,755	32,855	30,900
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10	0	10	1,765	775	985
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	620	350	275	61,990	32,075	29,915
0 Management occupations	60	30	30	9,240	5,855	3,385
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	35	10	30	13,785	4,760	9,030
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	25	20	0	8,670	6,570	2,100
3 Health occupations	35	0	30	3,230	1,045	2,185
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	80	30	50	5,635	1,740	3,895
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	10	10	2,120	1,040	1,075
6 Sales and service occupations	100	40	65	13,390	6,440	6,945
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	135	125	10	3,575	3,295	275
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	60	45	20	255	205	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	65	40	25	2,095	1,125	970
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	630	350	280	63,755	32,855	30,905
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	0	0	10	1,770	780	990
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	620	345	275	61,990	32,080	29,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	95	60	35	130	80	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	85	75	10
22 Utilities	0	0	0	305	185	120
23 Construction	50	45	10	2,175	1,760	415
31-33 Manufacturing	140	100	40	4,935	3,075	1,860
41 Wholesale trade	50	25	25	4,040	2,555	1,490
44-45 Retail trade	60	10	45	6,950	3,585	3,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	10	10	1,635	1,140	490
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	2,145	1,240	905
52 Finance and insurance	10	10	0	7,930	3,795	4,135
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	10	2,575	1,300	1,275
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	15	0	8,995	5,270	3,725
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	175	70	100
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	15	0	2,095	1,055	1,040
61 Educational services	30	15	15	4,055	1,300	2,750
62 Health care and social assistance	55	10	50	4,790	1,205	3,585
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	920	500	425
72 Accommodation and food services	15	0	15	3,740	1,970	1,770
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	10	15	2,405	1,005	1,400
91 Public administration	35	25	15	1,915	910	1,005
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	595	340	260	59,375	30,785	28,595
Worked at home	75	55	20	5,685	2,880	2,805
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	1,005	700	305
No fixed workplace address	40	30	15	5,555	3,710	1,845
Worked at usual place	480	260	225	47,125	23,490	23,635
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	485	260	230	47,125	23,490	23,635
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	40	30	15	16,175	7,540	8,635
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	330	165	160	6,420	3,355	3,060
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	110	55	50	24,395	12,520	11,880
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	135	75	55
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	520	285	235	52,680	27,205	25,480
Car, truck, van - as a driver	470	260	215	39,695	21,910	17,785
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	15	0	15	3,560	910	2,655
Public transit	10	0	0	7,915	3,660	4,250
Walked	20	15	10	965	435	530
Bicycle	0	10	0	135	90	45
Other method	10	10	0	410	195	220
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	525	285	240	52,680	27,205	25,480
Less than 15 minutes	70	60	10	6,285	2,810	3,470
15 to 29 minutes	305	140	165	15,640	7,615	8,020
30 to 44 minutes	70	30	30	13,475	7,295	6,185
45 to 59 minutes	40	30	10	6,260	3,525	2,730
60 minutes and over	45	30	15	11,020	5,955	5,070
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	520	285	235	52,680	27,200	25,480
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35	25	10	1,445	1,040	410
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	175	130	50	5,850	3,380	2,470
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	170	75	95	13,900	6,960	6,935
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	35	10	25	14,145	7,100	7,040
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	30	15	20	12,185	6,110	6,070
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	80	40	45	5,155	2,610	2,540
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	690	390	295	67,930	34,830	33,105
Single responses	675	380	290	64,400	33,240	31,160
Official languages	675	385	290	56,540	29,180	27,360
English	25	20	10	56,405	29,145	27,265
French	650	360	285	130	40	90
Non-official languages	0	0	0	7,865	4,060	3,800
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	7,860	4,060	3,800
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	20	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	80	40	40
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	50	25	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	7,645	3,945	3,700
Chinese languages	0	0	0	7,645	3,950	3,700
Cantonese	0	0	0	4,440	2,300	2,135
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mandarin	0	0	0	3,145	1,620	1,520
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	20	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	0	10	3,535	1,590	1,945
English and French	15	0	10	220	85	140
English and non-official language	0	0	0	3,310	1,505	1,805
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	690	390	300	67,935	34,830	33,100
None	595	335	260	56,330	29,210	27,125
English	75	40	35	3,060	1,490	1,570
French	15	10	10	465	190	270
Non-official language	10	0	0	7,830	3,840	3,995
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	0	10	0	7,830	3,840	3,995
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	220	95	120
French and non-official language	0	0	0	35	10	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,290	675	620	121,670	59,080	62,590
Non-movers	1,215	645	570	108,130	52,575	55,555
Movers	80	35	45	13,540	6,505	7,035
Non-migrants	10	10	0	7,675	3,600	4,080
Migrants	75	30	40	5,860	2,905	2,955
Internal migrants	75	30	40	3,255	1,645	1,610
Intraprovincial migrants	70	25	40	2,905	1,490	1,410
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	355	150	200
External migrants	0	0	0	2,610	1,265	1,345
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,250	660	590	116,295	56,225	60,070
Non-movers	965	505	460	70,125	34,270	35,860
Movers	285	155	130	46,170	21,955	24,210
Non-migrants	70	30	35	24,135	11,615	12,520
Migrants	215	120	95	22,030	10,340	11,690
Internal migrants	215	125	95	12,705	6,095	6,610
Intraprovincial migrants	210	115	95	11,675	5,595	6,085
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	1,030	505	525
External migrants	0	0	0	9,325	4,245	5,080

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. L'Avenir, MÉ [Census subdivision], Quebec and Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
L'Avenir, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec and Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census L'Avenir, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec and Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
L'Avenir, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec and Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario