Census Profile, 2016 Census
Les Maskoutains, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Gwayasdums 1, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Les Maskoutains, MRC Quebec [Census division]			Gwayasdums 1, IRI British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Les Maskoutains, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec Map : Les Maskoutains, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Gwayasdums 1, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	87,099	...	...	27	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	84,248	...	...	38	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.4	...	...	-28.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	40,244	...	...	20	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	38,016	...	...	13	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	66.9	...	...	84.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,302.90	...	...	0.32	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	87,095	42,650	44,455	x	x	x
0 to 14 years	14,330	7,315	7,015	x	x	x
0 to 4 years	4,790	2,465	2,330	x	x	x
5 to 9 years	5,090	2,590	2,505	x	x	x
10 to 14 years	4,450	2,265	2,180	x	x	x
15 to 64 years	55,510	27,910	27,605	x	x	x
15 to 19 years	4,690	2,365	2,325	x	x	x
20 to 24 years	5,180	2,580	2,600	x	x	x
25 to 29 years	4,940	2,560	2,385	x	x	x
30 to 34 years	5,175	2,585	2,585	x	x	x
35 to 39 years	5,630	2,935	2,695	x	x	x
40 to 44 years	4,860	2,480	2,385	x	x	x
45 to 49 years	5,240	2,630	2,615	x	x	x
50 to 54 years	6,610	3,270	3,340	x	x	x
55 to 59 years	6,945	3,495	3,455	x	x	x
60 to 64 years	6,240	3,015	3,230	x	x	x
65 years and over	17,260	7,425	9,830	x	x	x
65 to 69 years	5,420	2,660	2,760	x	x	x
70 to 74 years	4,300	2,005	2,290	x	x	x
75 to 79 years	2,860	1,215	1,650	x	x	x
80 to 84 years	2,205	825	1,385	x	x	x
85 years and over	2,470	725	1,745	x	x	x
85 to 89 years	1,470	490	980	x	x	x
90 to 94 years	765	200	565	x	x	x
95 to 99 years	205	35	170	x	x	x
100 years and over	30	5	25	x	x	x
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
0 to 14 years	16.5	17.2	15.8	x	x	x
15 to 64 years	63.7	65.4	62.1	x	x	x
65 years and over	19.8	17.4	22.1	x	x	x
85 years and over	2.8	1.7	3.9	x	x	x
Average age of the population	42.6	41.3	44.0	x	x	x
Median age of the population	43.7	41.9	45.5	x	x	x
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	38,015	...	...	x	...	...
Single-detached house	19,155	...	...	x	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	155	...	...	x	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	18,520	...	...	x	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,810	...	...	x	...	...
Row house	640	...	...	x	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,650	...	...	x	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	13,150	...	...	x	...	...
Other single-attached house	270	...	...	x	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	195	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	38,020	...	...	x	...	...
1 person	13,065	...	...	x	...	...
2 persons	13,725	...	...	x	...	...
3 persons	4,855	...	...	x	...	...
4 persons	4,145	...	...	x	...	...
5 or more persons	2,230	...	...	x	...	...
Number of persons in private households	83,820	...	...	x	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	x	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	72,765	35,335	37,435	x	x	x
Married or living common law	41,580	20,795	20,785	x	x	x
Married	22,475	11,260	11,215	x	x	x
Living common law	19,105	9,535	9,565	x	x	x
Not married and not living common law	31,185	14,540	16,650	x	x	x
Never married	20,500	11,030	9,475	x	x	x
Separated	865	400	460	x	x	x
Divorced	5,455	2,230	3,225	x	x	x
Widowed	4,370	880	3,490	x	x	x
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	24,080	...	...	x	...	...
2 persons	13,510	...	...	x	...	...
3 persons	4,640	...	...	x	...	...
4 persons	3,990	...	...	x	...	...
5 or more persons	1,945	...	...	x	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	x	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	24,080	...	...	x	...	...
Total couple families	20,245	...	...	x	...	...
Married couples	10,725	...	...	x	...	...
Common-law couples	9,520	...	...	x	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	3,840	...	...	x	...	...
Female parent	2,810	...	...	x	...	...
Male parent	1,030	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	20,240	...	...	x	...	...
Couples without children	11,200	...	...	x	...	...
Couples with children	9,040	...	...	x	...	...
1 child	3,495	...	...	x	...	...
2 children	3,690	...	...	x	...	...
3 or more children	1,860	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	3,840	...	...	x	...	...
1 child	2,305	...	...	x	...	...
2 children	1,140	...	...	x	...	...
3 or more children	390	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,510	8,175	8,330	x	x	x
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	38,015	...	...	x	...	...
One-census-family households	23,650	...	...	x	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	11,020	...	...	x	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	12,630	...	...	x	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	215	...	...	x	...	...
Non-census-family households	14,155	...	...	x	...	...
One-person households	13,065	...	...	x	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,090	...	...	x	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	86,015	42,255	43,760	x	x	x
English only	115	70	45	x	x	x
French only	62,510	29,285	33,230	x	x	x
English and French	23,080	12,705	10,370	x	x	x
Neither English nor French	305	195	115	x	x	x
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	86,010	42,255	43,755	x	x	x
English	760	395	365	x	x	x
French	84,520	41,425	43,095	x	x	x
English and French	440	245	195	x	x	x
Neither English nor French	295	185	105	x	x	x
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	980	520	465	x	x	x
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.1	1.2	1.1	x	x	x
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	86,010	42,250	43,760	x	x	x
Single responses	85,285	41,895	43,390	x	x	x
Official languages	82,395	40,380	42,020	x	x	x
English	665	345	325	x	x	x
French	81,730	40,040	41,695	x	x	x
Non-official languages	2,885	1,515	1,370	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,885	1,510	1,370	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	550	315	235	x	x	x
Berber languages	130	70	60	x	x	x
Kabyle	100	55	45	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	420	240	180	x	x	x
Amharic	0	5	0	x	x	x
Arabic	420	240	180	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	0	0	0	x	x	x
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	15	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	5	x	x	x
Vietnamese	20	10	10	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	x	x	x
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	5	0	0	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	0	0	5	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages	105	50	55	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	95	50	50	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	1,690	865	825	x	x	x
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	80	45	40	x	x	x
Baltic languages	0	5	0	x	x	x
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lithuanian	0	5	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages	80	45	40	x	x	x
Belarusan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	0	0	5	x	x	x
Bulgarian	15	5	5	x	x	x
Croatian	5	0	0	x	x	x
Czech	5	0	0	x	x	x
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Polish	10	5	5	x	x	x
Russian	20	10	15	x	x	x
Serbian	10	5	0	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	x	x	x
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ukrainian	0	5	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	90	55	35	x	x	x
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dutch	20	15	5	x	x	x
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
German	65	35	30	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	x	x	x
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	10	10	5	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	115	60	60	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	20	x	x	x
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hindi	5	5	0	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nepali	25	10	10	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Urdu	20	10	10	x	x	x
Iranian languages	75	35	40	x	x	x
Kurdish	5	5	5	x	x	x
Pashto	0	0	0	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	70	35	40	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	1,390	700	685	x	x	x
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italian	65	35	30	x	x	x
Portuguese	75	35	45	x	x	x
Romanian	25	10	15	x	x	x
Spanish	1,215	620	595	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	x	x	x
Japanese	5	0	0	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	305	165	145	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bamanankan	10	5	5	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	10	5	0	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	5	x	x	x
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lingala	5	5	5	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	90	50	45	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	x	x	x
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swahili	65	40	30	x	x	x
Wolof	15	15	5	x	x	x
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	x	x	x
Sign languages	10	0	5	x	x	x
American Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	30	x	x	x
Chinese languages	60	30	30	x	x	x
Cantonese	5	5	0	x	x	x
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mandarin	50	20	30	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	5	0	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	x	x	x
Lao	10	0	5	x	x	x
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	60	30	30	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	x	x	x
Turkish	50	25	30	x	x	x
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	10	5	10	x	x	x
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hungarian	10	5	10	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	x	x	x
Multiple responses	725	360	365	x	x	x
English and French	330	165	170	x	x	x
English and non-official language	25	15	15	x	x	x
French and non-official language	330	160	170	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	40	25	15	x	x	x
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	86,015	42,255	43,755	x	x	x
Single responses	84,995	41,740	43,255	x	x	x
Official languages	83,355	40,865	42,490	x	x	x
English	410	205	210	x	x	x
French	82,945	40,660	42,285	x	x	x
Non-official languages	1,640	875	760	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,640	880	760	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	240	130	110	x	x	x
Berber languages	50	30	25	x	x	x
Kabyle	40	25	20	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	190	100	90	x	x	x
Amharic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Arabic	185	100	85	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	0	0	0	x	x	x
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	x	x	x
Vietnamese	10	5	5	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	x	x	x
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	5	0	0	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages	15	10	10	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	1,100	585	515	x	x	x
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20	x	x	x
Baltic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages	40	20	20	x	x	x
Belarusan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bulgarian	10	5	5	x	x	x
Croatian	5	0	0	x	x	x
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Polish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Russian	10	10	5	x	x	x
Serbian	5	5	5	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	x	x	x
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ukrainian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	25	15	15	x	x	x
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dutch	0	5	0	x	x	x
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
German	25	15	10	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	5	0	5	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	105	55	50	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	20	x	x	x
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hindi	5	0	0	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nepali	25	15	15	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Urdu	15	10	10	x	x	x
Iranian languages	60	35	30	x	x	x
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pashto	0	0	0	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	60	30	30	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	925	495	430	x	x	x
Catalan	0	0	5	x	x	x
Italian	10	5	5	x	x	x
Portuguese	25	10	10	x	x	x
Romanian	10	5	5	x	x	x
Spanish	880	470	405	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	150	85	70	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bamanankan	5	5	5	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	5	0	5	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	35	20	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	x	x	x
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swahili	40	25	15	x	x	x
Wolof	10	5	5	x	x	x
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages	15	5	10	x	x	x
American Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	5	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	20	x	x	x
Chinese languages	50	25	25	x	x	x
Cantonese	5	0	0	x	x	x
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mandarin	45	20	25	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	5	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	x	x	x
Lao	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	40	20	20	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	0	0	5	x	x	x
Turkish	30	15	20	x	x	x
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hungarian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Multiple responses	1,015	510	505	x	x	x
English and French	235	130	105	x	x	x
English and non-official language	20	5	15	x	x	x
French and non-official language	695	335	360	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	70	40	30	x	x	x
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	86,015	42,255	43,760	x	x	x
None	81,665	39,990	41,670	x	x	x
English	2,390	1,290	1,095	x	x	x
French	945	475	470	x	x	x
Non-official language	875	420	450	x	x	x
Aboriginal	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal	870	425	450	x	x	x
English and French	45	25	20	x	x	x
English and non-official language	95	45	45	x	x	x
French and non-official language	10	10	5	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	x	x	x
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	69,525	34,310	35,210	x	x	x
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,760	33,530	34,230	x	x	x
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,586	37,607	28,070	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,770	33,530	34,240	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,190	32,695	25,780	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	60,890	30,800	30,090	x	x	x
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,089	34,902	23,762	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	52,780	24,630	28,150	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,796	6,310	8,783	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	49,800	26,050	23,755	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,683	35,449	25,998	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	69,520	34,305	35,215	x	x	x
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,750	33,510	34,245	x	x	x
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,950	44,781	33,243	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,760	33,505	34,255	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,715	36,694	28,823	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	60,795	30,730	30,065	x	x	x
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,755	42,491	28,870	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	52,955	24,680	28,275	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,780	7,884	9,561	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	49,800	26,040	23,760	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,538	40,715	29,864	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	69,520	34,310	35,215	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	23,035	12,760	10,275	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	41,750	45,013	38,167	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	48,426	53,975	41,538	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	82.3	86.9	76.5	x	x	x
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	67.5	71.1	62.9	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	17.7	13.2	23.5	x	x	x
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	69,525	34,305	35,215	x	x	x
Without total income	1,760	775	980	x	x	x
With total income	67,760	33,530	34,235	x	x	x
Percentage with total income	97.5	97.7	97.2	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,985	3,120	3,865	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	12,700	4,900	7,800	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	11,520	4,975	6,545	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	10,415	5,070	5,350	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	9,355	5,035	4,320	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	5,995	3,375	2,615	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	3,665	2,330	1,330	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	2,575	1,585	985	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	1,530	965	565	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	945	640	300	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	2,080	1,540	545	x	x	x
$100,000 to $149,999	1,465	1,070	395	x	x	x
$150,000 and over	615	465	145	x	x	x
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	69,525	34,310	35,215	x	x	x
Without after-tax income	1,750	775	970	x	x	x
With after-tax income	67,770	33,530	34,240	x	x	x
Percentage with after-tax income	97.5	97.7	97.2	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,275	3,210	4,070	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	13,455	5,205	8,250	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	14,260	6,430	7,830	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	13,645	7,175	6,470	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	8,860	4,965	3,900	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	4,770	2,940	1,830	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	2,585	1,545	1,040	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	1,185	785	400	x	x	x
$80,000 and over	1,740	1,285	460	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	590	425	160	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	355	260	95	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	795	595	200	x	x	x
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	69,520	34,310	35,210	x	x	x
Without employment income	19,720	8,260	11,465	x	x	x
With employment income	49,800	26,045	23,750	x	x	x
Percentage with employment income	71.6	75.9	67.5	x	x	x
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,915	2,935	2,975	x	x	x
$5,000 to $9,999	3,850	1,600	2,250	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	7,510	3,275	4,240	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	7,145	3,205	3,940	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	7,550	3,800	3,750	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	6,250	3,595	2,650	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	3,925	2,445	1,480	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	2,545	1,680	865	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	1,965	1,220	745	x	x	x
$80,000 and over	3,160	2,290	865	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	1,085	745	340	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	675	470	205	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	1,400	1,075	325	x	x	x
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	38,020	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	55,917	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	49,272	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	13,060	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,107	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,552	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	24,955	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,895	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	64,960	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	38,015	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	69,412	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	58,310	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,090	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,377	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,981	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	24,925	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,757	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,658	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	38,015	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	640	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,440	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,965	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,250	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,745	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,085	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,200	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,190	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,010	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,600	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,910	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,835	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,350	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,960	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,560	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,470	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,845	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,475	...	...	x	...	...
$200,000 and over	775	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	38,015	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	320	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	655	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,455	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,110	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,525	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,105	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,725	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,700	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,435	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,280	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,930	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,545	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,835	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,345	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,710	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,350	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,480	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	980	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 and over	890	...	...	x	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	24,135	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,090	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,120	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	10,890	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,693	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	57,965	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	9,080	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,573	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	84,808	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,735	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,297	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,018	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	24,180	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,086	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,824	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	10,935	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,032	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,324	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	9,075	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	109,575	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,221	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,720	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,018	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,677	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	15,415	7,675	7,745	x	x	x
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,725	31,253	25,045	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,575	27,949	23,767	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	15,330	7,545	7,790	x	x	x
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,782	36,590	33,030	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,743	30,657	28,858	x	x	x
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	83,815	41,605	42,210	x	x	x
In the bottom half of the distribution	51,945	25,265	26,680	x	x	x
In the bottom decile	7,210	3,450	3,765	x	x	x
In the second decile	9,890	4,390	5,500	x	x	x
In the third decile	11,675	5,675	6,005	x	x	x
In the fourth decile	12,090	6,090	6,005	x	x	x
In the fifth decile	11,075	5,660	5,410	x	x	x
In the top half of the distribution	31,870	16,345	15,525	x	x	x
In the sixth decile	10,165	5,180	4,985	x	x	x
In the seventh decile	8,410	4,285	4,125	x	x	x
In the eighth decile	6,465	3,330	3,140	x	x	x
In the ninth decile	4,265	2,215	2,050	x	x	x
In the top decile	2,565	1,335	1,225	x	x	x
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	83,815	41,610	42,210	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	16,930	8,660	8,270	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	5,830	2,985	2,845	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	52,385	26,255	26,125	x	x	x
65 years and over	14,500	6,690	7,810	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,860	5,325	6,530	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	2,305	1,155	1,150	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	745	360	380	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	6,695	3,190	3,510	x	x	x
65 years and over	2,855	980	1,870	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	12.8	15.5	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	13.6	13.3	13.9	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	12.8	12.1	13.4	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	12.8	12.2	13.4	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	19.7	14.6	23.9	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,365	2,615	2,750	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	955	460	500	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	315	150	170	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	4,085	2,035	2,050	x	x	x
65 years and over	325	120	205	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.4	6.3	6.5	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	5.6	5.3	6.0	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4	5.0	6.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	2.2	1.8	2.6	x	x	x
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	83,815	41,610	42,210	x	x	x
Official languages	83,495	41,415	42,085	x	x	x
English	22,860	12,380	10,475	x	x	x
French	83,355	41,330	42,030	x	x	x
Non-official languages	5,235	2,540	2,700	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,230	2,530	2,695	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	770	430	345	x	x	x
Berber languages	220	125	95	x	x	x
Kabyle	165	95	65	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	670	370	295	x	x	x
Amharic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Arabic	665	370	295	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	0	0	0	x	x	x
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	35	25	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	15	25	x	x	x
Vietnamese	10	10	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	30	10	20	x	x	x
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	10	0	0	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malagasy	15	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	0	10	0	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	10	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages	135	80	60	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	110	60	50	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	3,470	1,615	1,855	x	x	x
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	75	50	25	x	x	x
Baltic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages	75	50	25	x	x	x
Belarusan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bulgarian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Czech	0	0	10	x	x	x
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Polish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Russian	20	15	0	x	x	x
Serbian	20	20	0	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	x	x	x
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	10	0	x	x	x
Ukrainian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	0	10	0	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	150	85	65	x	x	x
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dutch	15	15	0	x	x	x
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
German	125	65	65	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	10	x	x	x
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	15	10	10	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	115	60	55	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	65	30	30	x	x	x
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hindi	15	10	0	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nepali	30	15	15	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Urdu	20	10	10	x	x	x
Iranian languages	50	25	25	x	x	x
Kurdish	10	0	0	x	x	x
Pashto	0	0	0	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	40	20	20	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	3,180	1,445	1,735	x	x	x
Catalan	10	0	0	x	x	x
Italian	135	80	60	x	x	x
Portuguese	160	70	95	x	x	x
Romanian	30	10	20	x	x	x
Spanish	2,915	1,335	1,580	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	x	x	x
Japanese	10	0	10	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	10	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	525	285	240	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bamanankan	15	10	0	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0	10	x	x	x
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lingala	60	30	25	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	25	25	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	0	x	x	x
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swahili	240	135	105	x	x	x
Wolof	15	15	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	195	105	90	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	10	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	x	x	x
Sign languages	95	30	60	x	x	x
American Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	65	15	50	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	55	x	x	x
Chinese languages	90	50	40	x	x	x
Cantonese	25	15	0	x	x	x
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mandarin	65	35	30	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	20	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	0	10	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Lao	10	0	0	x	x	x
Thai	15	10	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	65	30	35	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkish	65	30	35	x	x	x
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hungarian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	55	30	20	x	x	x
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	83,815	41,610	42,205	x	x	x
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	81,790	40,550	41,240	x	x	x
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,390	8,460	7,930	x	x	x
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	65,405	32,095	33,305	x	x	x
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,025	1,055	970	x	x	x
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	83,815	41,610	42,205	x	x	x
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	79,725	39,500	40,230	x	x	x
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,850	1,955	1,895	x	x	x
Before 1981	490	275	210	x	x	x
1981 to 1990	210	125	85	x	x	x
1991 to 2000	380	190	190	x	x	x
2001 to 2010	1,365	630	735	x	x	x
2001 to 2005	530	265	265	x	x	x
2006 to 2010	835	365	465	x	x	x
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,405	725	675	x	x	x
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	240	155	80	x	x	x
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,850	1,955	1,900	x	x	x
Under 5 years	530	225	310	x	x	x
5 to 14 years	670	340	330	x	x	x
15 to 24 years	625	335	295	x	x	x
25 to 44 years	1,800	945	860	x	x	x
45 years and over	220	110	110	x	x	x
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,850	1,950	1,900	x	x	x
Americas	1,280	605	675	x	x	x
Brazil	20	10	10	x	x	x
Colombia	755	370	390	x	x	x
El Salvador	30	15	20	x	x	x
Guyana	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haiti	85	55	30	x	x	x
Jamaica	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mexico	80	25	55	x	x	x
Peru	55	20	25	x	x	x
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	105	45	55	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Americas	145	65	80	x	x	x
Europe	755	455	295	x	x	x
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	x	x	x
Croatia	15	0	10	x	x	x
France	380	260	120	x	x	x
Germany	45	40	15	x	x	x
Greece	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hungary	0	10	0	x	x	x
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italy	35	30	10	x	x	x
Netherlands	15	0	10	x	x	x
Poland	10	0	0	x	x	x
Portugal	40	10	25	x	x	x
Romania	25	10	20	x	x	x
Russian Federation	0	10	0	x	x	x
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ukraine	0	0	0	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	15	10	10	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Europe	140	60	85	x	x	x
Africa	1,360	695	670	x	x	x
Algeria	300	155	150	x	x	x
Egypt	20	20	0	x	x	x
Ethiopia	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kenya	0	0	0	x	x	x
Morocco	125	65	55	x	x	x
Nigeria	15	0	15	x	x	x
Somalia	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Africa	900	455	445	x	x	x
Asia	455	200	255	x	x	x
Afghanistan	10	0	10	x	x	x
Bangladesh	0	0	0	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 59}	90	25	60	x	x	x
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	x	x	x
India	0	0	10	x	x	x
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	20	10	10	x	x	x
Iraq	50	20	30	x	x	x
Japan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	10	0	x	x	x
Lebanon	10	0	0	x	x	x
Pakistan	15	10	15	x	x	x
Philippines	15	0	10	x	x	x
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	70	40	30	x	x	x
Taiwan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Viet Nam	15	15	0	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Asia	155	70	85	x	x	x
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,405	730	675	x	x	x
Americas	380	185	195	x	x	x
Brazil	10	0	10	x	x	x
Colombia	210	105	110	x	x	x
Cuba	25	10	10	x	x	x
Haiti	45	35	10	x	x	x
Jamaica	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mexico	35	10	25	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	15	15	10	x	x	x
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	25	x	x	x
Europe	95	50	45	x	x	x
France	55	40	15	x	x	x
Germany	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	10	0	10	x	x	x
Romania	0	0	0	x	x	x
Russian Federation	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ukraine	0	0	0	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Europe	30	10	25	x	x	x
Africa	735	405	335	x	x	x
Algeria	140	80	65	x	x	x
Cameroon	155	90	70	x	x	x
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	25	25	x	x	x
Côte d'Ivoire	95	45	55	x	x	x
Egypt	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eritrea	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ethiopia	0	0	0	x	x	x
Morocco	45	30	20	x	x	x
Nigeria	15	0	10	x	x	x
Somalia	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	x	x	x
Tunisia	50	15	30	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Africa	175	120	60	x	x	x
Asia	200	90	110	x	x	x
Afghanistan	10	0	10	x	x	x
Bangladesh	0	0	0	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	10	x	x	x
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	x	x	x
India	10	0	0	x	x	x
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	10	0	x	x	x
Iraq	10	0	10	x	x	x
Israel	0	0	0	x	x	x
Japan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lebanon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nepal	10	0	10	x	x	x
Pakistan	10	0	10	x	x	x
Philippines	0	0	10	x	x	x
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	70	40	30	x	x	x
Taiwan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkey	10	10	0	x	x	x
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	x	x	x
Viet Nam	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other places of birth in Asia	55	30	30	x	x	x
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Australia	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	83,820	41,605	42,205	x	x	x
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,170	2,160	2,005	x	x	x
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	2,920	1,625	1,300	x	x	x
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	76,730	37,830	38,900	x	x	x
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	3,410	1,700	1,710	x	x	x
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,340	715	620	x	x	x
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	725	475	250	x	x	x
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	610	240	370	x	x	x
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	790	365	420	x	x	x
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,275	615	660	x	x	x
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10	10	10	x	x	x
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	83,815	41,610	42,205	x	x	x
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	775	405	370	x	x	x
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	720	365	355	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	425	220	205	x	x	x
Métis	290	145	145	x	x	x
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	10	x	x	x
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	50	40	15	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal identity	83,035	41,205	41,835	x	x	x
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	83,820	41,610	42,210	x	x	x
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	145	75	70	x	x	x
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	83,670	41,535	42,135	x	x	x
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	83,815	41,610	42,205	x	x	x
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	535	270	265	x	x	x
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	530	270	260	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	450	225	220	x	x	x
Métis single ancestry	75	35	40	x	x	x
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	x	x	x
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	10	0	0	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,195	1,040	1,150	x	x	x
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,180	1,035	1,140	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,985	935	1,050	x	x	x
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	185	105	85	x	x	x
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	x	x	x
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	20	0	15	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	81,080	40,295	40,790	x	x	x
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	83,815	41,610	42,205	x	x	x
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,480	1,810	1,670	x	x	x
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	70	25	40	x	x	x
Chinese	160	65	95	x	x	x
Black	1,280	665	615	x	x	x
Filipino	15	0	15	x	x	x
Latin American	1,190	615	570	x	x	x
Arab	525	295	225	x	x	x
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	70	50	20	x	x	x
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	45	30	15	x	x	x
Korean	10	10	0	x	x	x
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	55	40	20	x	x	x
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	60	15	45	x	x	x
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	80,340	39,800	40,535	x	x	x
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	83,815	41,610	42,210	x	x	x
North American Aboriginal origins	2,730	1,315	1,415	x	x	x
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,455	1,170	1,290	x	x	x
Inuit	15	0	10	x	x	x
Métis	280	150	140	x	x	x
Other North American origins	66,805	32,965	33,835	x	x	x
Acadian	255	115	150	x	x	x
American	385	200	185	x	x	x
Canadian	64,525	31,800	32,725	x	x	x
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	x	x	x
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ontarian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Québécois	2,495	1,300	1,190	x	x	x
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	10	x	x	x
European origins	23,920	12,130	11,790	x	x	x
British Isles origins	4,150	1,985	2,160	x	x	x
Channel Islander	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cornish	0	0	0	x	x	x
English	775	360	420	x	x	x
Irish	2,750	1,270	1,480	x	x	x
Manx	0	0	0	x	x	x
Scottish	920	490	430	x	x	x
Welsh	10	10	10	x	x	x
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	60	25	35	x	x	x
French origins	19,315	9,865	9,455	x	x	x
Alsatian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Breton	95	50	50	x	x	x
Corsican	0	0	0	x	x	x
French	19,240	9,825	9,415	x	x	x
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,460	745	710	x	x	x
Austrian	20	10	10	x	x	x
Bavarian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Belgian	390	195	195	x	x	x
Dutch	155	80	75	x	x	x
Flemish	10	10	0	x	x	x
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
German	665	355	310	x	x	x
Luxembourger	10	10	10	x	x	x
Swiss	295	125	170	x	x	x
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	35	25	10	x	x	x
Danish	10	0	0	x	x	x
Finnish	10	10	0	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	15	10	0	x	x	x
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern European origins	465	250	220	x	x	x
Bulgarian	15	15	0	x	x	x
Byelorussian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Czech	10	0	10	x	x	x
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10	0	0	x	x	x
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hungarian	70	50	25	x	x	x
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lithuanian	15	10	10	x	x	x
Moldovan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Polish	180	95	85	x	x	x
Romanian	60	20	40	x	x	x
Russian	55	45	15	x	x	x
Slovak	15	15	10	x	x	x
Ukrainian	70	30	45	x	x	x
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern European origins	1,575	780	805	x	x	x
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	15	10	0	x	x	x
Catalan	10	10	0	x	x	x
Croatian	10	10	0	x	x	x
Cypriot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	60	15	40	x	x	x
Italian	850	440	415	x	x	x
Kosovar	0	0	0	x	x	x
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montenegrin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Portuguese	290	110	185	x	x	x
Serbian	20	15	10	x	x	x
Sicilian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovenian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Spanish	370	180	190	x	x	x
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	20	10	10	x	x	x
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other European origins	120	65	55	x	x	x
Basque	25	10	15	x	x	x
Jewish	20	0	15	x	x	x
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	65	40	25	x	x	x
Caribbean origins	305	145	155	x	x	x
Antiguan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bahamian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Barbadian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bermudan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carib	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cuban	40	30	15	x	x	x
Dominican	45	10	35	x	x	x
Grenadian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haitian	180	95	90	x	x	x
Jamaican	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Martinican	25	10	10	x	x	x
Montserratan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	x	x	x
St. Lucian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	10	x	x	x
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	x	x	x
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	10	0	0	x	x	x
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	0	x	x	x
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,450	760	690	x	x	x
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	60	20	35	x	x	x
Arawak	0	0	0	x	x	x
Argentinian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Belizean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bolivian	10	0	10	x	x	x
Brazilian	15	10	10	x	x	x
Chilean	25	0	20	x	x	x
Colombian	870	415	455	x	x	x
Costa Rican	0	0	10	x	x	x
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	x	x	x
Guatemalan	125	105	20	x	x	x
Guyanese	20	15	0	x	x	x
Hispanic	10	10	10	x	x	x
Honduran	10	10	0	x	x	x
Maya	25	15	10	x	x	x
Mexican	150	85	60	x	x	x
Nicaraguan	15	10	0	x	x	x
Panamanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Paraguayan	10	10	0	x	x	x
Peruvian	85	50	35	x	x	x
Salvadorean	50	15	35	x	x	x
Uruguayan	20	10	10	x	x	x
Venezuelan	10	10	0	x	x	x
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	15	10	0	x	x	x
African origins	1,825	935	890	x	x	x
Central and West African origins	700	370	330	x	x	x
Akan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Angolan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ashanti	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beninese	20	15	0	x	x	x
Burkinabe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cameroonian	155	85	75	x	x	x
Chadian	10	0	0	x	x	x
Congolese	245	135	115	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gabonese	0	0	10	x	x	x
Gambian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ghanaian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Guinean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ibo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ivorian	125	65	60	x	x	x
Liberian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malian	40	15	25	x	x	x
Malinké	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nigerian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Peulh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Senegalese	20	20	0	x	x	x
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Togolese	35	15	25	x	x	x
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	60	30	25	x	x	x
North African origins	720	390	335	x	x	x
Algerian	170	110	60	x	x	x
Berber	270	130	140	x	x	x
Coptic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Egyptian	50	35	15	x	x	x
Libyan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Maure	10	0	10	x	x	x
Moroccan	165	80	85	x	x	x
Sudanese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tunisian	100	55	45	x	x	x
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	10	10	0	x	x	x
Southern and East African origins	175	70	100	x	x	x
Afrikaner	0	0	0	x	x	x
Amhara	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Burundian	80	45	35	x	x	x
Djiboutian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eritrean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ethiopian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kenyan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malagasy	30	15	20	x	x	x
Mauritian	25	10	15	x	x	x
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Rwandan	35	10	25	x	x	x
Seychellois	0	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x
South African	10	0	0	x	x	x
Tanzanian	0	0	10	x	x	x
Tigrian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ugandan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Zambian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Zulu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other African origins	230	105	125	x	x	x
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	230	100	130	x	x	x
Asian origins	850	440	415	x	x	x
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	475	255	220	x	x	x
Afghan	20	0	10	x	x	x
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	160	115	50	x	x	x
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Assyrian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hazara	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iranian	45	20	25	x	x	x
Iraqi	70	30	35	x	x	x
Israeli	0	0	10	x	x	x
Jordanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kazakh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kurd	20	10	10	x	x	x
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lebanese	45	20	30	x	x	x
Palestinian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pashtun	0	0	0	x	x	x
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Syrian	45	25	15	x	x	x
Tajik	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tatar	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turk	65	35	35	x	x	x
Turkmen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uighur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yemeni	0	0	0	x	x	x
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Asian origins	80	40	40	x	x	x
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	x	x	x
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bhutanese	0	0	0	x	x	x
East Indian	30	20	15	x	x	x
Goan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nepali	25	10	20	x	x	x
Pakistani	20	10	10	x	x	x
Punjabi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sinhalese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	x	x	x
East and Southeast Asian origins	300	145	155	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	x	x	x
Chinese	195	90	110	x	x	x
Filipino	20	10	20	x	x	x
Hmong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indonesian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Japanese	10	0	0	x	x	x
Karen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	10	0	10	x	x	x
Laotian	25	15	10	x	x	x
Malaysian	0	10	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Singaporean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Taiwanese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thai	0	0	10	x	x	x
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vietnamese	30	20	0	x	x	x
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	0	10	x	x	x
Oceania origins	0	0	0	x	x	x
Australian	0	0	0	x	x	x
New Zealander	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hawaiian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Maori	0	0	0	x	x	x
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Samoan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	x	x	x
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	38,020	...	...	x	...	...
Owner	23,015	...	...	x	...	...
Renter	15,000	...	...	x	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	38,015	...	...	x	...	...
Condominium	3,195	...	...	x	...	...
Not condominium	34,820	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	38,015	...	...	x	...	...
No bedrooms	235	...	...	x	...	...
1 bedroom	5,470	...	...	x	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,790	...	...	x	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,070	...	...	x	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,450	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	38,020	...	...	x	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,715	...	...	x	...	...
5 rooms	7,040	...	...	x	...	...
6 rooms	4,375	...	...	x	...	...
7 rooms	4,600	...	...	x	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,285	...	...	x	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	38,015	...	...	x	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,840	...	...	x	...	...
More than 1 person per room	175	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	38,020	...	...	x	...	...
Suitable	37,180	...	...	x	...	...
Not suitable	840	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	38,015	...	...	x	...	...
1960 or before	10,050	...	...	x	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,020	...	...	x	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,420	...	...	x	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,195	...	...	x	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,885	...	...	x	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,535	...	...	x	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,915	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	38,015	...	...	x	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	36,005	...	...	x	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,010	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	38,015	...	...	x	...	...
1 household maintainer	24,005	...	...	x	...	...
2 household maintainers	13,750	...	...	x	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	270	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	38,015	...	...	x	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,595	...	...	x	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,320	...	...	x	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,080	...	...	x	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,015	...	...	x	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,265	...	...	x	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,050	...	...	x	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,850	...	...	x	...	...
85 years and over	850	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	37,215	...	...	x	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,115	...	...	x	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,100	...	...	x	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,535	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,335	...	...	x	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.7	...	...	x	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.6	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	941	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	968	...	...	x	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	230,009	...	...	x	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	244,666	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,900	...	...	x	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.4	...	...	x	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	30.2	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	647	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	670	...	...	x	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	69,520	34,310	35,215	x	x	x
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,135	9,915	8,220	x	x	x
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	16,395	7,545	8,850	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,990	16,845	18,145	x	x	x
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,700	8,095	5,605	x	x	x
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	9,890	5,125	4,760	x	x	x
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,815	2,965	845	x	x	x
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	11,735	4,755	6,980	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,065	750	1,315	x	x	x
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,480	3,240	4,240	x	x	x
Bachelor's degree	5,110	2,105	3,005	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	640	255	385	x	x	x
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	345	165	185	x	x	x
Master's degree	1,230	600	630	x	x	x
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	155	115	40	x	x	x
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	45,260	22,735	22,525	x	x	x
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,905	5,430	3,470	x	x	x
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	9,800	4,695	5,110	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,555	12,615	13,945	x	x	x
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,670	6,170	4,505	x	x	x
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	7,820	3,950	3,865	x	x	x
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,845	2,215	635	x	x	x
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	8,535	3,465	5,065	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,460	560	905	x	x	x
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,895	2,420	3,475	x	x	x
Bachelor's degree	4,015	1,595	2,420	x	x	x
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	520	180	335	x	x	x
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	120	160	x	x	x
Master's degree	955	435	520	x	x	x
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	125	85	40	x	x	x
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	69,525	34,310	35,215	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	34,530	17,460	17,070	x	x	x
Education	2,790	595	2,190	x	x	x
13. Education	2,790	600	2,190	x	x	x
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,020	505	515	x	x	x
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220	180	45	x	x	x
50. Visual and performing arts	795	325	470	x	x	x
Humanities	1,500	665	840	x	x	x
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	115	20	95	x	x	x
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0	10	x	x	x
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,030	470	560	x	x	x
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	x	x	x
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	50	15	x	x	x
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	25	x	x	x
54. History	65	45	25	x	x	x
55. French language and literature/letters	150	50	100	x	x	x
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,305	565	1,740	x	x	x
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	x	x	x
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195	85	110	x	x	x
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	105	885	x	x	x
22. Legal professions and studies	375	130	240	x	x	x
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	110	10	100	x	x	x
42. Psychology	315	50	270	x	x	x
45. Social sciences	285	180	105	x	x	x
Business, management and public administration	7,300	2,290	5,010	x	x	x
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	x	x	x
44. Public administration and social service professions	285	40	245	x	x	x
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,015	2,250	4,765	x	x	x
Physical and life sciences and technologies	915	465	450	x	x	x
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	425	160	265	x	x	x
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	70	35	x	x	x
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	205	95	110	x	x	x
40. Physical sciences	125	105	25	x	x	x
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	35	20	x	x	x
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	855	605	245	x	x	x
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	755	555	200	x	x	x
25. Library science	45	15	30	x	x	x
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	30	10	x	x	x
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	x	x	x
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,715	7,245	470	x	x	x
04. Architecture and related services	150	100	50	x	x	x
14. Engineering	450	385	70	x	x	x
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,250	1,085	170	x	x	x
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x
46. Construction trades	2,445	2,385	65	x	x	x
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,795	1,735	60	x	x	x
48. Precision production	1,610	1,550	60	x	x	x
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,135	1,450	685	x	x	x
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,995	1,350	650	x	x	x
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	100	40	x	x	x
Health and related fields	5,310	950	4,355	x	x	x
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	225	120	105	x	x	x
51. Health professions and related programs	5,040	800	4,235	x	x	x
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	45	30	15	x	x	x
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,150	1,510	1,640	x	x	x
12. Personal and culinary services	2,020	540	1,475	x	x	x
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	x	x	x
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	x	x	x
43. Security and protective services	470	365	110	x	x	x
49. Transportation and materials moving	640	595	55	x	x	x
Other	0	0	0	x	x	x
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	x	x	x
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	45,260	22,735	22,525	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	18,700	10,120	8,580	x	x	x
Education	1,690	360	1,330	x	x	x
13. Education	1,690	360	1,330	x	x	x
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	760	360	400	x	x	x
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	140	45	x	x	x
50. Visual and performing arts	580	215	360	x	x	x
Humanities	900	375	520	x	x	x
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	95	20	80	x	x	x
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	15	x	x	x
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	565	250	315	x	x	x
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	x	x	x
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	25	15	x	x	x
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	10	x	x	x
54. History	30	15	15	x	x	x
55. French language and literature/letters	120	40	75	x	x	x
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,805	400	1,400	x	x	x
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	x	x	x
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	70	95	x	x	x
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	805	75	730	x	x	x
22. Legal professions and studies	270	80	190	x	x	x
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	70	10	60	x	x	x
42. Psychology	240	20	220	x	x	x
45. Social sciences	225	135	85	x	x	x
Business, management and public administration	5,825	1,700	4,125	x	x	x
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	x	x	x
44. Public administration and social service professions	210	40	170	x	x	x
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,610	1,660	3,955	x	x	x
Physical and life sciences and technologies	610	295	310	x	x	x
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	355	130	225	x	x	x
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	45	25	x	x	x
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	35	15	20	x	x	x
40. Physical sciences	110	85	25	x	x	x
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	30	20	x	x	x
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	535	205	x	x	x
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	685	515	165	x	x	x
25. Library science	30	0	25	x	x	x
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10	x	x	x
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	x	x	x
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,950	5,545	405	x	x	x
04. Architecture and related services	130	95	40	x	x	x
14. Engineering	380	320	60	x	x	x
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	995	845	145	x	x	x
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x
46. Construction trades	1,805	1,750	50	x	x	x
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,420	1,360	55	x	x	x
48. Precision production	1,220	1,165	55	x	x	x
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,800	1,175	625	x	x	x
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,675	1,090	585	x	x	x
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	90	35	x	x	x
Health and related fields	3,960	680	3,280	x	x	x
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	175	85	95	x	x	x
51. Health professions and related programs	3,740	570	3,170	x	x	x
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	45	30	15	x	x	x
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,525	1,180	1,340	x	x	x
12. Personal and culinary services	1,630	425	1,200	x	x	x
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	x	x	x
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	x	x	x
43. Security and protective services	335	250	90	x	x	x
49. Transportation and materials moving	545	500	50	x	x	x
Other	0	0	0	x	x	x
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	x	x	x
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	69,525	34,310	35,215	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,535	17,465	17,070	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	34,990	16,845	18,145	x	x	x
Location of study inside Canada	33,780	16,145	17,640	x	x	x
Same as province or territory of residence	33,455	15,965	17,485	x	x	x
Different than province or territory of residence	335	175	155	x	x	x
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,205	705	505	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	100	65	35	x	x	x
Philippines	10	0	0	x	x	x
India	0	0	10	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	15	15	10	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 162}	35	25	10	x	x	x
France	245	155	85	x	x	x
Other	800	445	360	x	x	x
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	45,260	22,735	22,525	x	x	x
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,700	10,125	8,575	x	x	x
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	26,555	12,610	13,945	x	x	x
Location of study inside Canada	25,480	12,000	13,485	x	x	x
Same as province or territory of residence	25,250	11,875	13,375	x	x	x
Different than province or territory of residence	235	125	115	x	x	x
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,075	610	460	x	x	x
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	55	30	30	x	x	x
Philippines	10	0	10	x	x	x
India	0	0	0	x	x	x
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	20	15	0	x	x	x
China^{Census data footnote 162}	30	25	10	x	x	x
France	210	145	75	x	x	x
Other	740	405	340	x	x	x
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	69,525	34,310	35,215	x	x	x
In the labour force	45,510	23,985	21,530	x	x	x
Employed	42,960	22,500	20,460	x	x	x
Unemployed	2,550	1,485	1,070	x	x	x
Not in the labour force	24,010	10,325	13,685	x	x	x
Participation rate	65.5	69.9	61.1	x	x	x
Employment rate	61.8	65.6	58.1	x	x	x
Unemployment rate	5.6	6.2	5.0	x	x	x
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	69,525	34,310	35,215	x	x	x
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	22,095	9,380	12,715	x	x	x
Worked	47,430	24,930	22,505	x	x	x
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	23,540	13,125	10,415	x	x	x
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	23,890	11,800	12,085	x	x	x
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.5	43.0	x	x	x
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	45,510	23,980	21,530	x	x	x
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	715	390	325	x	x	x
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	44,795	23,595	21,205	x	x	x
Employee	39,130	20,100	19,035	x	x	x
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	5,665	3,495	2,165	x	x	x
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	45,510	23,985	21,530	x	x	x
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	715	390	330	x	x	x
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	44,795	23,595	21,205	x	x	x
0 Management occupations	4,375	2,935	1,435	x	x	x
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,985	1,680	4,305	x	x	x
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,115	1,425	685	x	x	x
3 Health occupations	3,325	435	2,895	x	x	x
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,150	980	3,175	x	x	x
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	755	370	385	x	x	x
6 Sales and service occupations	10,205	4,100	6,110	x	x	x
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,900	7,605	300	x	x	x
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,425	1,030	400	x	x	x
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,560	3,040	1,520	x	x	x
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	45,510	23,980	21,530	x	x	x
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	715	385	325	x	x	x
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	44,795	23,590	21,200	x	x	x
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,750	1,890	860	x	x	x
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100	90	0	x	x	x
22 Utilities	250	140	115	x	x	x
23 Construction	3,110	2,790	315	x	x	x
31-33 Manufacturing	8,100	5,615	2,480	x	x	x
41 Wholesale trade	2,155	1,565	590	x	x	x
44-45 Retail trade	5,165	2,400	2,765	x	x	x
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,780	1,480	300	x	x	x
51 Information and cultural industries	380	215	170	x	x	x
52 Finance and insurance	1,745	505	1,245	x	x	x
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	425	280	145	x	x	x
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,895	865	1,030	x	x	x
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10	x	x	x
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,440	915	520	x	x	x
61 Educational services	2,785	720	2,070	x	x	x
62 Health care and social assistance	5,355	830	4,525	x	x	x
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	635	340	300	x	x	x
72 Accommodation and food services	2,640	920	1,715	x	x	x
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,615	1,195	1,415	x	x	x
91 Public administration	1,470	835	635	x	x	x
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	42,955	22,500	20,455	x	x	x
Worked at home	3,155	1,625	1,530	x	x	x
Worked outside Canada	65	60	10	x	x	x
No fixed workplace address	3,575	2,920	655	x	x	x
Worked at usual place	36,155	17,890	18,265	x	x	x
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	36,155	17,890	18,265	x	x	x
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,935	8,835	10,095	x	x	x
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,955	3,895	4,060	x	x	x
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,250	5,155	4,100	x	x	x
Commute to a different province or territory	15	0	10	x	x	x
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	39,735	20,820	18,920	x	x	x
Car, truck, van - as a driver	34,165	18,130	16,030	x	x	x
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,295	525	770	x	x	x
Public transit	665	315	345	x	x	x
Walked	2,750	1,270	1,480	x	x	x
Bicycle	490	370	115	x	x	x
Other method	375	200	170	x	x	x
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	39,740	20,820	18,920	x	x	x
Less than 15 minutes	16,480	8,060	8,425	x	x	x
15 to 29 minutes	13,485	6,730	6,755	x	x	x
30 to 44 minutes	5,425	3,170	2,260	x	x	x
45 to 59 minutes	2,255	1,405	850	x	x	x
60 minutes and over	2,080	1,455	625	x	x	x
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	39,735	20,820	18,915	x	x	x
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,830	2,220	615	x	x	x
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,550	5,570	2,975	x	x	x
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,715	5,770	6,940	x	x	x
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,205	2,335	3,870	x	x	x
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,730	970	1,765	x	x	x
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,705	3,955	2,750	x	x	x
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	48,665	25,480	23,185	x	x	x
Single responses	47,635	24,870	22,765	x	x	x
Official languages	47,525	24,780	22,745	x	x	x
English	645	435	210	x	x	x
French	46,880	24,345	22,535	x	x	x
Non-official languages	110	90	20	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Moose Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Woods Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malecite	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Beaver	0	0	0	x	x	x
Carrier	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chilcotin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dene	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sekani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	x	x	x
South Slavey	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kutenai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Comox	0	0	0	x	x	x
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x
Okanagan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal languages	110	90	20	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Amharic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Arabic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hebrew	0	0	0	x	x	x
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vietnamese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x
Cebuano	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malay	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-European languages	100	90	20	x	x	x
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Baltic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Belarusan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bulgarian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Polish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Russian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Serbian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ukrainian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x
German	10	10	0	x	x	x
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Greek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hindi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Urdu	0	0	0	x	x	x
Iranian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Pashto	0	0	0	x	x	x
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages	95	75	20	x	x	x
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Italian	10	0	10	x	x	x
Portuguese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Romanian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Spanish	90	75	10	x	x	x
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ewe	0	0	0	x	x	x
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x
Swahili	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
American Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	x	x	x
Chinese languages	10	0	0	x	x	x
Cantonese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mandarin	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Lao	0	0	0	x	x	x
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x
Hungarian	0	0	0	x	x	x
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x
Multiple responses	1,025	610	420	x	x	x
English and French	940	580	360	x	x	x
English and non-official language	0	0	0	x	x	x
French and non-official language	55	20	35	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	35	10	20	x	x	x
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	48,665	25,480	23,185	x	x	x
None	41,505	21,440	20,065	x	x	x
English	6,345	3,540	2,810	x	x	x
French	480	325	155	x	x	x
Non-official language	240	140	100	x	x	x
Aboriginal	0	0	10	x	x	x
Non-Aboriginal	235	135	100	x	x	x
English and French	0	0	0	x	x	x
English and non-official language	85	40	50	x	x	x
French and non-official language	0	10	0	x	x	x
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	x	x	x
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	82,945	41,115	41,830	x	x	x
Non-movers	72,760	36,220	36,540	x	x	x
Movers	10,190	4,900	5,290	x	x	x
Non-migrants	6,170	3,040	3,135	x	x	x
Migrants	4,025	1,865	2,155	x	x	x
Internal migrants	3,765	1,710	2,050	x	x	x
Intraprovincial migrants	3,680	1,680	2,000	x	x	x
Interprovincial migrants	80	35	55	x	x	x
External migrants	260	150	105	x	x	x
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	79,030	39,180	39,845	x	x	x
Non-movers	50,770	25,465	25,310	x	x	x
Movers	28,255	13,715	14,535	x	x	x
Non-migrants	15,075	7,335	7,740	x	x	x
Migrants	13,185	6,380	6,805	x	x	x
Internal migrants	11,910	5,710	6,195	x	x	x
Intraprovincial migrants	11,760	5,635	6,125	x	x	x
Interprovincial migrants	145	80	70	x	x	x
External migrants	1,275	670	605	x	x	x

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

x

area and data suppression

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Les Maskoutains, MRC [Census division], Quebec and Gwayasdums 1, IRI [Census subdivision], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 30, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Les Maskoutains, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Gwayasdums 1, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Les Maskoutains, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Gwayasdums 1, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Les Maskoutains, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Gwayasdums 1, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], British Columbia