Census Profile, 2016 Census
Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec and Alberta [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Outaouais Quebec [Economic region]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec Map : Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	382,604	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	369,171	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	190,236	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	163,137	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	12.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	30,808.69	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	382,600	188,195	194,410	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	67,905	34,730	33,170	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	22,650	11,535	11,115	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	23,930	12,210	11,720	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	21,325	10,985	10,345	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	256,390	126,595	129,790	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	21,170	10,820	10,355	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	23,210	11,650	11,555	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	23,020	11,395	11,620	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	24,375	11,835	12,545	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	25,565	12,450	13,110	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	25,175	12,500	12,680	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	26,145	12,840	13,305	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	31,110	15,350	15,760	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	30,875	15,000	15,870	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	25,745	12,750	12,995	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	58,315	26,865	31,445	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	21,110	10,380	10,730	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	15,110	7,370	7,740	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	9,740	4,475	5,265	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	6,435	2,730	3,705	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	5,920	1,915	4,005	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	3,910	1,390	2,520	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	1,575	440	1,140	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	365	75	300	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	60	10	50	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.7	18.5	17.1	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	67.0	67.3	66.8	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	15.2	14.3	16.2	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	1.5	1.0	2.1	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	40.3	39.6	41.1	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	41.2	40.5	41.9	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	163,140	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	84,075	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	6,530	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	72,105	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	18,620	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	8,150	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	8,720	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	36,200	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	425	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	425	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	163,140	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	50,380	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	57,295	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	24,530	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	20,695	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	10,240	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	376,905	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	314,700	153,465	161,235	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	179,220	89,520	89,695	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	116,555	58,205	58,355	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	62,655	31,315	31,345	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	135,485	63,945	71,540	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	90,650	48,230	42,420	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	6,055	2,735	3,325	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	22,675	9,305	13,370	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	16,100	3,680	12,425	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	108,555	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	57,105	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	23,485	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	19,725	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	8,240	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	108,560	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	88,020	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	56,705	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	31,325	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	20,535	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	15,205	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	5,330	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	88,025	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	44,400	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	43,625	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	17,455	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	18,295	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	7,875	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	20,535	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	12,710	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	6,025	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	1,800	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	69,380	33,960	35,415	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	163,135	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	105,335	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	43,070	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	62,265	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,595	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	56,205	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	50,375	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	5,830	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	379,035	186,855	192,175	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	32,870	17,415	15,455	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	113,235	51,610	61,625	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	231,100	117,010	114,090	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	1,830	820	1,010	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	379,030	186,860	192,175	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	65,960	33,585	32,380	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	301,475	147,580	153,900	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	9,845	4,920	4,930	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	1,750	780	975	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	70,885	36,040	34,840	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	18.7	19.3	18.1	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	379,030	186,860	192,175	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	369,070	181,920	187,150	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	337,655	166,580	171,075	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	53,770	27,455	26,315	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	283,885	139,125	144,760	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	31,415	15,335	16,080	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	620	280	340	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	585	260	315	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	295	135	155	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	10	5	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	0	5
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	15	25	50	15	35
Plains Cree	0	5	0	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	50	20	35
Woods Cree	5	5	5	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	220	110	115	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	30	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	285	125	160	550	235	315
Algonquin	280	125	160	5	0	5
Ojibway	5	0	0	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	30	10	15	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	5	10
Inuktitut	25	15	15	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	5	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	80	45	35
Salish languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	0	0	0	350	165	185
Stoney	0	0	0	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	30,790	15,055	15,735	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,915	4,160	3,760	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	550	310	240	340	190	145
Kabyle	365	200	165	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	185	110	70	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	285	140	150	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	0	0	0	315	185	130
Oromo	10	5	5	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	275	135	140	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	40	20	20
Semitic languages	7,060	3,690	3,365	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	60	25	35	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	6,930	3,630	3,305	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	145	80	65
Harari	0	0	0	260	135	120
Hebrew	15	15	5	960	505	460
Maltese	0	0	0	75	30	40
Tigrigna	35	20	15	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	620	300	320	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	100	115	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	405	195	205	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	355	90	265	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	5	0	0	425	205	225
Cebuano	20	5	15	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	0	0	0	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	10	5	5	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	55	25	30	35	10	25
Malay	35	5	30	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	765	370	390
Pangasinan	0	0	0	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	45	175	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	980	430	550
Creole languages	1,230	555	675	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	125	60	65	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	1,085	490	595	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	55	30	20	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	0	0	0	535	270	265
Malayalam	5	0	0	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	45	25	15	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	5	5	5	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	14,730	7,115	7,610	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	50	20	25	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	60	25	30	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	3,060	1,440	1,625	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	30	15	15	1,010	475	535
Latvian	15	10	5	415	195	220
Lithuanian	15	10	5	600	285	315
Slavic languages	3,030	1,420	1,610	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	10	5	5	65	30	30
Bosnian	160	85	75	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	225	110	115	1,545	790	755
Croatian	180	95	85	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	85	35	50	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	10	5	5	360	185	175
Polish	475	200	270	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	705	305	395	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	580	305	275	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	370	185	190	970	480	485
Slovak	50	20	30	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	695	320	370
Ukrainian	165	65	100	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	215	120	100
Celtic languages	5	5	0	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	135	70	65
Welsh	5	5	0	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	40	25
Germanic languages	1,065	465	595	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	10	5	0	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	25	20	10	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	230	105	125	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	0	0	0	360	200	160
German	715	310	410	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	0	0	0	115	55	60
Norwegian	15	0	10	815	370	445
Swedish	25	10	15	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	320	150	170
Yiddish	5	0	0	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	55	30	25
Greek	165	100	65	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	1,080	575	505	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	370	205	170	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	80	45	40	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	15	5	10	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	55	25	25	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	0	0	0	105	60	50
Konkani	5	5	0	370	190	185
Marathi	10	0	5	1,510	775	730
Nepali	5	5	0	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	30	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	0	0	0	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	120	70	55	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	700	370	330	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	80	50	30	1,550	845	705
Pashto	30	15	15	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	590	300	290	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	9,245	4,485	4,760	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	10	5	0	75	30	45
Italian	460	265	190	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	2,755	1,360	1,400	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	1,065	515	545	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	4,955	2,335	2,620	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	115	35	80	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	5	0	0	230	130	105
Georgian	0	0	0	230	130	100
Korean	135	50	85	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	545	255	290
Mongolian	0	5	0	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	3,150	1,560	1,595	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	70	35	35	35	20	15
Edo	10	5	5	275	155	120
Ewe	90	50	40	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	160	80	75	230	120	100
Ga	0	0	0	145	80	65
Ganda	15	5	10	280	145	135
Igbo	20	15	5	1,165	625	540
Lingala	190	95	95	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	660	315	345	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	500	225	280	805	405	400
Shona	10	0	5	1,100	545	555
Swahili	485	245	245	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	200	100	100	280	165	110
Yoruba	30	15	15	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	695	365	330	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	15	15	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	0	0	0	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	60	25	30	830	440	390
American Sign Language	10	5	10	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	10	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,865	860	1,010	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	1,855	855	1,000	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	300	135	160	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	0	0	0	990	465	530
Mandarin	1,395	645	750	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	0	0	0	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	20	30	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	90	45	45	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	10	0	5	430	230	200
Karenic languages	0	0	0	795	415	380
Tibetan	0	0	0	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	170	65	105	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	120	55	60	1,020	485	535
Thai	55	15	40	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	125	65	60	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	365	215	155
Turkish	95	55	40	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	5	0	5	130	70	60
Uzbek	15	5	10	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	215	95	120
Uralic languages	180	100	80	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	10	5	5	190	90	105
Finnish	25	10	10	810	330	480
Hungarian	150	85	65	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30	690	415	280
Multiple responses	9,960	4,940	5,020	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	6,310	3,130	3,180	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	830	405	420	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	2,200	1,085	1,115	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	625	315	300	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	379,030	186,860	192,170	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	364,765	179,995	184,770	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	348,835	172,235	176,600	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	64,470	33,025	31,450	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	284,360	139,210	145,155	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	15,935	7,765	8,165	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	265	125	140	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	260	120	145	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	190	95	100	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	5	0	5	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	10	15	20	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	0	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	160	85	80	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	65	25	40	190	95	95
Algonquin	65	25	40	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	0	0	0	175	85	85
Stoney	0	0	0	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,670	7,640	8,025	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,295	2,155	2,140	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	250	135	120	200	105	95
Kabyle	200	105	95	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	145	70	75	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	0	0	0	280	160	115
Oromo	0	0	0	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	140	70	75	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Semitic languages	3,890	1,945	1,945	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	25	5	20	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	3,840	1,925	1,915	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	95	50	40
Harari	0	0	0	165	80	85
Hebrew	15	5	5	460	235	225
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tigrigna	10	5	5	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	375	185	190	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	70	60	960	460	500
Vietnamese	250	120	130	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	55	25	35	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	0	0	0	70	40	35
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	470	215	255
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	5	0	5	20	10	10
Malay	5	0	5	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	220	110	110
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	20	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	280	120	155
Creole languages	395	170	225	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	60	25	35	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	335	140	190	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	35	15	15	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	0	0	0	210	105	105
Malayalam	0	0	0	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	25	15	5	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	5	0	0	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	7,935	3,850	4,090	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	25	10	15	1,060	570	485
Armenian	45	20	25	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	1,890	910	980	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	0	0	5	410	210	200
Latvian	0	0	0	165	85	80
Lithuanian	0	0	5	250	125	120
Slavic languages	1,890	910	980	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	10	5	5	15	10	5
Bosnian	120	60	55	785	400	385
Bulgarian	160	75	90	825	415	405
Croatian	100	45	55	1,800	905	895
Czech	25	10	15	875	440	430
Macedonian	5	5	0	175	90	85
Polish	160	65	95	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	480	215	260	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	480	255	225	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	265	140	130	315	160	155
Slovak	15	5	10	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	150	70	75
Ukrainian	65	30	35	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	55	30	25
Celtic languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	5
Welsh	0	0	0	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	165	70	90	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,705	835	875
Danish	5	0	5	150	75	75
Dutch	25	10	15	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	0	0	0	60	30	30
German	115	50	65	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	0	0	5	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	60	20	35
Swedish	15	5	10	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	60	30	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	210
Greek	40	20	20	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	600	300	295	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	175	90	90	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	35	20	15	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	5	5	0	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	20	10	15	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	20	25
Konkani	0	0	0	75	40	40
Marathi	5	5	0	845	440	405
Nepali	5	5	0	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	0	0	0	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	1,480	750	730
Urdu	65	35	30	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	415	205	210	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	60	35	30	850	440	410
Pashto	10	10	5	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	335	160	170	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	5,170	2,510	2,660	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	0	5	0	35	10	20
Italian	60	40	25	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	1,160	565	600	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	670	325	345	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	3,275	1,585	1,690	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	50	15	30	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	160	85	70
Georgian	0	0	0	160	85	70
Korean	70	35	40	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	335	160	175
Mongolian	5	5	5	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	795	370	420	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	845	415	430
Bamanankan	15	10	10	10	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	70	35	35
Ewe	10	5	5	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	15	105	55	45
Ga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ganda	5	0	0	95	50	50
Igbo	0	0	5	265	125	145
Lingala	45	20	20	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	215	100	115	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	60	350	175	170
Shona	0	0	0	410	190	225
Swahili	180	85	95	1,090	530	565
Wolof	70	30	35	170	95	75
Yoruba	10	0	5	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	105	45	55	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5	1,525	765	755
Dinka	0	0	0	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	725	350	375
Sign languages	80	45	35	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	10	0	10	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	40	25	15	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,375	680	695	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	1,370	675	695	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	150	75	75	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	0	0	0	315	135	185
Mandarin	1,145	570	575	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	20	35	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	1,500	770	730
Burmese	5	0	0	280	145	130
Karenic languages	0	0	0	665	340	320
Tibetan	0	0	0	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	1,130	505	625
Lao	60	30	30	465	215	245
Thai	10	0	5	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	65	30	35	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	155	90	75
Turkish	50	25	25	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	5	0	5	80	45	40
Uzbek	10	5	0	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	70	35	25
Uralic languages	50	25	25	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Finnish	5	5	0	105	50	50
Hungarian	45	25	25	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	240	140	95
Multiple responses	14,265	6,860	7,400	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	7,115	3,435	3,685	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	1,765	865	900	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	3,785	1,780	2,005	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	1,595	780	810	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	379,035	186,860	192,170	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	295,565	145,725	149,845	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	47,465	23,435	24,030	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	21,460	10,620	10,835	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	11,090	5,375	5,715	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	310	130	180	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	10,775	5,240	5,530	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	1,350	675	680	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	1,330	655	670	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	740	355	390	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	30	20	15	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	309,065	151,385	157,685	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	297,515	145,645	151,870	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,195	40,371	34,172	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	297,610	145,650	151,960	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,519	34,809	30,304	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	264,810	131,850	132,965	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,056	38,731	31,386	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	221,450	101,525	119,925	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,164	5,887	7,986	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	217,940	110,945	107,000	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,727	38,078	33,313	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	309,055	151,375	157,680	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	297,445	145,480	151,960	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,868	48,842	41,064	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	297,530	145,495	152,040	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	39,298	34,041	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	264,850	131,810	133,040	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,267	47,915	38,662	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	221,045	101,210	119,830	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,536	7,807	9,151	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	217,935	110,745	107,185	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,044	46,332	39,646	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	309,050	151,375	157,680	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	104,790	54,880	49,905	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,947	57,280	52,539	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,659	63,144	55,827	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.9	88.9	82.4	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.3	72.2	68.2	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.1	11.1	17.6	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	309,065	151,380	157,680	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	11,550	5,740	5,805	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	297,515	145,640	151,875	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.2	96.3	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	34,980	16,440	18,540	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	48,975	20,905	28,070	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	39,650	17,905	21,745	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	34,965	16,900	18,060	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	32,430	15,995	16,435	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	27,660	13,815	13,850	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	22,300	11,375	10,925	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	16,680	8,590	8,090	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	12,385	6,670	5,715	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	8,605	4,795	3,810	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	18,885	12,255	6,630	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	14,940	9,480	5,465	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	3,940	2,775	1,165	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	309,065	151,385	157,680	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	11,455	5,735	5,725	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	297,610	145,650	151,960	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	96.3	96.2	96.4	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	36,710	16,810	19,900	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	51,540	22,325	29,220	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	48,605	22,505	26,100	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	46,425	22,890	23,530	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	39,775	20,100	19,675	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	28,710	14,630	14,080	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	19,250	10,060	9,195	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	11,695	6,650	5,050	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	14,885	9,685	5,200	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	6,300	3,935	2,365	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	3,155	2,025	1,135	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	5,430	3,725	1,710	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	309,070	151,385	157,685	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	91,125	40,440	50,680	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	217,945	110,945	107,000	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	70.5	73.3	67.9	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	25,555	13,115	12,445	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	16,075	7,250	8,825	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	29,700	13,975	15,725	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	24,680	11,930	12,750	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	22,760	11,340	11,415	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	20,475	10,205	10,265	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	19,405	9,570	9,835	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	16,120	8,165	7,950	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	12,580	6,595	5,990	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	30,595	18,800	11,795	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	9,810	5,480	4,330	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	6,690	3,960	2,730	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	14,095	9,365	4,730	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	163,135	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,230	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	57,248	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	50,380	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,090	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,660	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	112,760	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,275	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,721	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	163,140	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	81,808	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,772	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	50,385	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,178	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,466	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	112,750	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,072	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,763	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	163,135	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	1,960	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,425	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,935	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	6,980	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,110	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,240	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	7,255	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,345	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,195	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,105	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	13,740	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	12,660	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	11,170	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10,225	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	8,765	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,030	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	17,285	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,625	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	12,235	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,885	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	163,140	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	2,070	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,475	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,000	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	7,370	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,960	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	7,590	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	9,305	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	9,335	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	9,180	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,990	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	16,630	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	14,700	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	12,500	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10,500	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	8,625	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	30,905	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15,190	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,155	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,570	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	108,680	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,923	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,104	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	42,110	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,574	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,965	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	43,935	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,432	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,243	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	19,735	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,981	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,345	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	108,615	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	99,839	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,231	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	42,035	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,244	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,913	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	44,040	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,619	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,253	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,650	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,037	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,605	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	61,930	30,650	31,275	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,136	33,648	32,626	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,538	29,798	29,323	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	61,985	30,780	31,205	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,362	41,145	39,590	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,397	33,820	32,979	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	376,905	186,080	190,830	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	192,605	93,525	99,085	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	33,885	16,870	17,015	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	36,730	17,255	19,470	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	39,785	19,180	20,605	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	41,120	19,880	21,240	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	41,090	20,335	20,750	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	184,300	92,555	91,750	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	42,265	20,950	21,315	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	42,185	20,980	21,210	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	41,190	20,760	20,425	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	36,265	18,435	17,830	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	22,400	11,435	10,965	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	375,695	185,465	190,225	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	80,000	40,875	39,125	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	27,195	13,855	13,340	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	242,000	119,125	122,870	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	53,690	25,465	28,230	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50,520	24,285	26,240	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	11,375	5,925	5,450	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	4,095	2,170	1,925	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	30,540	14,940	15,600	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	8,605	3,420	5,185	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.4	13.1	13.8	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	14.2	14.5	13.9	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	15.1	15.7	14.4	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.5	12.7	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	16.0	13.4	18.4	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	32,645	16,085	16,560	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	6,880	3,575	3,305	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	2,560	1,335	1,220	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	22,525	11,360	11,170	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	3,235	1,150	2,095	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.7	8.7	8.7	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.7	8.4	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.4	9.6	9.1	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	9.5	9.1	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	6.0	4.5	7.4	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	376,910	186,090	190,815	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	375,135	185,315	189,820	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	262,960	133,665	129,295	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	342,240	167,890	174,350	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	53,725	25,815	27,905	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	980	400	575	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	945	385	555	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	380	140	245	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	10	0	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	25	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	50	25	30	90	20	70
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	45	25	25
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	290	100	190	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	20	10	35	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	30	20	10	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	530	225	305	955	425	530
Algonquin	500	210	285	10	10	0
Ojibway	35	20	20	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	15	10
Dene	0	0	0	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	10	0	0	75	30	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	20	10	0	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	15	0	0	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	0	0	10	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	25	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	145	75	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	0	0	0	530	285	245
Stoney	0	0	0	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	52,760	25,425	27,340	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	11,160	5,860	5,300	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	800	450	350	540	335	205
Kabyle	500	250	250	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	305	205	100	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	380	185	195	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	0	0	0	370	235	135
Oromo	15	10	0	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	360	165	195	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	55	20	40
Semitic languages	10,400	5,485	4,915	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	150	70	85	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	10,145	5,365	4,780	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	15	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	70	75
Harari	0	0	0	340	150	185
Hebrew	85	55	30	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	10	0	10	145	85	55
Tigrigna	50	20	30	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	25	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	870	425	440	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	260	130	125	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	615	300	315	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	630	210	420	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	0	0	0	330	150	180
Cebuano	20	0	20	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	0	0	0	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	10	0	0	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	105	45	55	80	40	40
Malay	90	40	50	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	0	0	0	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	405	105	300	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	2,895	1,375	1,520	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	225	115	110	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	2,600	1,220	1,380	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	75	40	30	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	0	0	0	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	10	10	0	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	55	30	20	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	10	0	0	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	29,180	13,665	15,515	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	80	40	40	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	90	50	35	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	4,040	2,010	2,030	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	50	25	25	1,360	660	705
Latvian	25	15	10	590	300	290
Lithuanian	25	10	15	775	360	415
Slavic languages	4,005	1,985	2,015	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	40	15	25	200	95	105
Bosnian	240	125	115	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	235	120	120	1,795	945	850
Croatian	280	135	145	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	100	40	55	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	25	15	10	535	270	265
Polish	510	225	290	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	1,485	750	735	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	705	365	340	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	435	245	190	1,095	550	540
Slovak	110	35	80	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	735	360	375
Ukrainian	330	150	185	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	120	130
Celtic languages	35	10	20	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	440	215	225
Welsh	10	0	10	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	220	225
Germanic languages	2,560	1,315	1,250	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	50	20	25	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	75	45	25	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	340	170	165	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	0	10	0	475	275	205
German	2,065	1,090	975	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	15	10	10	160	70	95
Norwegian	35	15	20	1,450	635	810
Swedish	40	20	25	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	10	35	380	170	215
Yiddish	0	0	0	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	250	170	80	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	1,390	675	715	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	580	235	340	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	65	30	35	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	20	10	10	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	205	95	115	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	0	0	0	125	80	45
Konkani	0	0	0	625	300	320
Marathi	0	0	0	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	30	15	10	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	70	85	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	10	0	10	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	275	100	175	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	850	455	395	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	140	95	40	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	20	15	10	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	755	385	370	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	21,960	10,025	11,935	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	15	10	0	170	95	80
Italian	1,860	975	880	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	3,700	1,745	1,950	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	1,325	665	660	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	16,285	7,205	9,075	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	10	250	130	125
Japanese	275	160	120	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	10	0	0	225	130	100
Georgian	10	0	0	230	130	100
Korean	215	95	120	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	15	10	10	800	375	430
Mongolian	15	10	0	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	5,810	2,895	2,910	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	70	30	45	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	235	105	130	60	30	30
Edo	20	10	10	620	325	290
Ewe	170	105	65	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	275	140	135	300	165	135
Ga	20	10	20	345	190	155
Ganda	15	0	10	610	305	305
Igbo	30	20	0	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	760	365	390	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	980	485	495	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	835	410	425	1,155	605	550
Shona	20	15	10	1,810	850	960
Swahili	1,315	705	610	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	505	225	280	600	365	235
Yoruba	155	90	65	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,645	845	795	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	30	30	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	0	0	0	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	445	185	260	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	135	35	95	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	155	55	90	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	195	105	90	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,325	1,175	1,145	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	2,310	1,170	1,140	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	400	220	185	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	0	0	0	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	1,845	915	935	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	0	0	0	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	85	40	40	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	65	60	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	10	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	10	0	10	605	305	295
Karenic languages	0	0	0	805	415	390
Tibetan	0	0	0	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	210	95	115	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	130	65	65	1,520	730	795
Thai	110	55	60	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	325	185	145	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	630	325	300
Turkish	245	145	105	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	0	0	0	290	135	155
Uzbek	40	20	20	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	355	170	180
Uralic languages	205	105	100	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	10	10	0	185	85	105
Finnish	20	15	10	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	170	90	80	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	376,905	186,090	190,820	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	364,865	180,155	184,705	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	78,225	40,095	38,130	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	286,635	140,060	146,580	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	12,045	5,935	6,105	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	376,905	186,090	190,815	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	337,815	166,625	171,190	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	37,040	18,420	18,620	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	5,975	3,045	2,935	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	3,985	2,150	1,835	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	7,175	3,520	3,645	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	12,205	5,885	6,320	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	5,585	2,670	2,910	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	6,620	3,210	3,410	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	7,700	3,815	3,880	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,050	1,045	1,005	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	37,040	18,420	18,615	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	4,435	2,115	2,315	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	6,205	3,245	2,960	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	7,110	3,440	3,675	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	17,060	8,550	8,515	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	2,225	1,070	1,160	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	37,040	18,425	18,620	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	7,940	3,825	4,125	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	300	160	145	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	1,470	635	830	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	430	225	205	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	30	15	15	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	2,085	995	1,100	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	155	90	65	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	505	185	325	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	360	185	170	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	95	35	60	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,105	615	490	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	1,410	695	720	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	10,130	5,015	5,110	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	725	365	360	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	220	120	105	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	2,305	1,165	1,140	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	465	225	235	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	70	40	20	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	55	35	20	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	55	20	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	255	175	85	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	210	135	75	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	325	135	190	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	1,450	670	785	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	950	465	480	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	295	90	200	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	190	105	85	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	215	90	120	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	830	410	420	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	1,495	730	765	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	10,985	5,770	5,210	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	1,205	660	545	1,340	715	625
Egypt	340	215	130	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	110	60	45	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	95	35	60	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	1,535	800	735	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	115	75	40	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	90	40	50	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	90	55	40	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	7,395	3,840	3,560	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	7,890	3,755	4,135	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	110	50	60	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	40	20	20	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,445	555	890	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	65	30	40	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	120	55	70	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	495	280	220	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	315	170	150	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	50	15	30	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	165	60	100	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	2,505	1,345	1,160	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	130	55	75	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	410	110	300	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	60	45	15	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	490	245	245	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	40	10	35	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	375	180	195	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	1,075	550	525	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	90	55	40	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,700	3,815	3,880	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	1,485	770	715	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	55	35	20	860	370	490
Colombia	325	150	175	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	90	40	55	465	215	255
Haiti	480	240	235	385	240	150
Jamaica	30	20	10	1,660	765	895
Mexico	75	25	50	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	180	130	50	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	55	35	25	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	185	95	90	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	1,130	540	585	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	380	195	185	425	240	180
Germany	20	0	15	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	25	20	0	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	35	15	25	715	365	350
Romania	120	50	70	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	70	15	55	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	65	30	35	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	35	30	10	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	375	190	185	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	3,625	1,840	1,780	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	250	120	135	255	115	135
Cameroon	425	240	185	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	365	200	160	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	265	135	135	420	210	210
Egypt	70	40	25	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	0	0	0	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	0	0	0	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	315	155	160	515	265	250
Nigeria	60	35	25	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	15	0	10	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	0	10	0	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	110	65	45	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	1,730	835	895	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	1,460	655	800	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	15	10	0	810	435	375
Bangladesh	10	0	0	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	270	125	145	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	750	305	450
India	25	15	15	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	100	45	55	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	75	40	40	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	15	10	10	480	250	230
Japan	0	0	0	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	35	15	20	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	220	105	115	1,470	755	710
Nepal	0	0	0	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	50	30	25	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	105	15	95	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	15	15	0	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	0	0	10	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	315	165	150	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	10	0	10	505	165	340
Turkey	15	0	10	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	15	10	0	810	430	375
Viet Nam	10	0	10	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	145	60	85	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	10	10	0	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	376,905	186,090	190,815	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	40,930	20,390	20,540	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	30,710	15,550	15,155	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	305,265	150,150	155,120	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	31,420	15,585	15,835	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	14,530	7,705	6,820	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	6,640	4,190	2,455	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	7,885	3,515	4,370	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	8,725	3,655	5,070	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	7,865	4,080	3,790	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	305	145	155	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	376,905	186,090	190,820	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	20,685	10,255	10,435	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	19,750	9,785	9,965	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	8,340	4,035	4,305	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	11,270	5,685	5,590	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	145	75	70	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	355	175	180	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	580	285	285	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	356,220	175,840	180,380	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	376,910	186,090	190,815	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	5,305	2,650	2,655	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	371,605	183,440	188,160	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	376,910	186,090	190,815	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	9,350	4,640	4,710	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	9,090	4,535	4,555	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	6,850	3,420	3,435	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	2,170	1,100	1,070	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	70	20	50	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	260	100	155	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	255	100	160	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	27,505	12,900	14,605	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	26,785	12,515	14,270	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20,190	9,360	10,830	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,370	3,050	3,320	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	105	115	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	725	380	340	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	650	340	310	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	35	20	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	340,050	168,555	171,495	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	376,905	186,090	190,815	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	38,200	19,060	19,145	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,025	505	520	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	2,655	1,160	1,500	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	17,145	8,600	8,545	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	605	245	360	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	4,335	2,085	2,250	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	8,420	4,545	3,875	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,330	625	705	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	915	480	435	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	305	125	180	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	195	85	110	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	445	210	230	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	825	395	430	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	338,705	167,030	171,675	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	376,905	186,090	190,815	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	36,855	17,535	19,320	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	28,005	13,255	14,750	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	370	170	195	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	9,465	4,595	4,870	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	231,630	113,620	118,010	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	1,610	835	770	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	1,945	940	1,005	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	224,665	109,975	114,695	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	35	25	15	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	55	30	20	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	15	10	10	190	115	70
Ontarian	290	140	150	110	65	45
Québécois	6,220	3,220	3,005	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	415	210	205
European origins	170,390	84,305	86,090	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	66,430	32,340	34,090	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	15	10	0	225	115	115
Cornish	15	10	10	210	90	115
English	23,170	11,525	11,645	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	40,650	19,480	21,170	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	10	10	10	945	450	495
Scottish	20,770	9,985	10,790	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	1,040	525	515	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,675	1,325	1,350	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	111,455	55,365	56,095	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	50	15	30	200	120	80
Breton	380	190	195	60	25	35
Corsican	40	25	10	125	65	70
French	111,245	55,270	55,980	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	18,815	9,025	9,790	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	560	285	280	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	0	0	0	110	60	55
Belgian	2,200	995	1,200	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	2,860	1,420	1,440	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	75	40	40	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	0	0	0	685	380	305
German	12,970	6,220	6,750	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	50	25	30	680	355	320
Swiss	1,125	540	590	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	10	0	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,315	1,130	1,185	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	640	375	265	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	300	115	185	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	115	60	55	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	630	275	350	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	615	285	330	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	155	85	65	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	10,620	5,120	5,505	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	365	180	190	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	160	75	85	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	245	70	175	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	85	35	50	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	20	10	10	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	890	375	515	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	100	50	50	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	165	105	60	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	145	80	65	1,585	790	790
Polish	4,315	2,080	2,240	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	1,570	765	800	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	1,690	855	835	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	255	105	145	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	2,300	1,165	1,135	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	40	25	15	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	17,575	8,575	9,000	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	105	50	55	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	400	190	210	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	0	0	0	85	55	25
Croatian	540	280	255	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	0	0	0	160	90	70
Greek	885	445	435	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	6,970	3,350	3,620	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	0	0	0	420	210	210
Macedonian	85	40	40	1,015	485	535
Maltese	60	10	45	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	45	30	15	290	185	105
Portuguese	5,155	2,465	2,685	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	975	530	450	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	40	10	35	330	160	170
Slovenian	100	40	55	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	3,195	1,620	1,575	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	370	195	180	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	15	10	10	245	120	125
Other European origins	1,190	665	530	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	125	55	70	425	210	215
Jewish	425	250	175	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	25	10	20	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	50	30	20	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	580	320	260	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	5,710	2,905	2,800	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	10	0	10	455	265	190
Bahamian	15	0	10	310	180	130
Barbadian	140	65	80	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	10	0	10	210	120	90
Carib	30	15	20	135	45	85
Cuban	450	260	195	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	255	115	140	930	530	395
Grenadian	20	15	10	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	15	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian	3,725	1,840	1,880	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	745	405	345	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	20	20	0	95	65	30
Martinican	20	0	15	10	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	30	25	10	460	225	240
St. Lucian	55	50	10	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	205	90	115	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	10	0	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	125	75	50	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	155	70	80	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,015	2,960	3,050	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	325	145	175	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	20	10	10	105	30	70
Argentinian	130	70	70	1,385	705	680
Belizean	0	0	0	445	250	190
Bolivian	75	30	45	590	305	285
Brazilian	300	165	130	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	315	150	165	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	1,800	845	955	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	35	20	20	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	20	15	10	890	405	485
Guatemalan	150	50	100	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	110	45	65	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	75	35	40	1,785	905	885
Honduran	65	25	40	760	405	355
Maya	110	65	45	580	310	275
Mexican	1,130	595	535	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	160	95	70	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	20	10	10	320	150	170
Paraguayan	10	0	0	340	155	190
Peruvian	485	260	225	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	510	240	270	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	45	20	30	315	180	135
Venezuelan	285	150	140	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	235	120	115	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	18,625	9,450	9,170	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	6,945	3,440	3,505	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	20	0	15	130	80	50
Angolan	50	25	20	295	155	140
Ashanti	10	0	0	130	70	55
Beninese	500	260	245	200	90	105
Burkinabe	225	115	110	100	50	50
Cameroonian	980	490	490	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	75	50	30	75	55	20
Congolese	2,070	1,040	1,025	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	0	0	0	555	320	235
Ewe	60	40	20	125	70	55
Gabonese	140	60	70	25	10	20
Gambian	10	10	0	110	60	50
Ghanaian	185	80	105	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	355	165	195	455	235	215
Ibo	10	10	0	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	655	315	335	655	355	295
Liberian	0	0	0	1,040	495	540
Malian	420	185	235	70	45	25
Malinké	50	20	30	95	55	45
Nigerian	280	130	150	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	135	60	75	105	70	35
Senegalese	535	220	320	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	740	395	345
Togolese	495	275	220	150	70	80
Wolof	30	15	15	70	45	25
Yoruba	95	35	60	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	670	325	340	1,865	985	875
North African origins	5,590	2,970	2,615	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	1,245	620	620	1,620	805	815
Berber	950	500	445	685	415	270
Coptic	0	0	0	225	115	110
Dinka	0	0	0	565	320	250
Egyptian	705	390	315	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	80	50	35	1,300	665	635
Maure	65	30	35	95	70	25
Moroccan	2,225	1,165	1,055	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	20	10	10	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	520	325	195	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	195	85	110	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	3,910	1,925	1,980	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	0	10	0	315	155	160
Amhara	25	10	15	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	220	105	110	700	395	310
Burundian	1,275	635	640	975	555	420
Djiboutian	155	65	90	170	90	75
Eritrean	45	15	25	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	175	80	95	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	0	0	0	165	85	80
Kenyan	60	35	30	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	190	80	115	125	55	70
Mauritian	50	30	15	550	310	235
Oromo	0	0	0	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	1,130	560	565	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	0	0	0	35	25	10
Somali	325	145	175	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	110	55	60	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	70	30	40	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	25	10	10	700	380	320
Ugandan	30	15	15	1,155	645	510
Zambian	10	0	0	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	20	10	10	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	15	10	10	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	215	120	95	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	2,835	1,445	1,385	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	275	130	145	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,620	1,345	1,265	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	17,215	8,470	8,745	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,960	5,205	4,750	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	165	65	95	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,340	750	585	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	270	125	150	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	0	0	0	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	30	20	15	615	280	335
Georgian	25	15	10	400	230	165
Hazara	10	10	0	365	190	170
Iranian	760	390	370	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	335	200	140	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	45	25	20	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	180	75	105	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	10	10	10	565	260	310
Kurd	85	65	20	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	15	10	0	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	10	0	10	200	110	90
Lebanese	5,600	2,850	2,750	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	265	115	150	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	0	0	10	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	390	205	180
Syrian	690	360	330	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	25	10	10	265	160	105
Tatar	15	0	15	530	215	315
Turk	335	205	130	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	25	20	10	105	55	50
Uighur	20	15	10	270	125	140
Uzbek	45	25	20	485	225	260
Yemeni	15	10	10	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	110	65	50	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	1,330	640	690	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	30	10	25	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	20	10	10	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	0	0	0	815	410	400
East Indian	1,070	505	565	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	0	0	0	495	265	225
Gujarati	0	0	0	855	445	410
Kashmiri	0	0	0	720	355	365
Nepali	20	15	10	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	165	80	90	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	10	0	0	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	0	0	0	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	85	50	35	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	20	15	10	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	20	15	10	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	6,045	2,685	3,360	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	25	0	20	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	355	185	175	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	3,430	1,540	1,890	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	790	315	475	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	100	50	50	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	260	120	140	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	0	0	0	740	390	345
Korean	360	130	230	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	205	105	100	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	50	20	25	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	50	25	30	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	0	0	0	370	180	190
Taiwanese	65	20	40	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	135	65	65	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	0	0	0	965	500	465
Vietnamese	850	385	460	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	25	10	20	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	40	25	15	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	35	20	15	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	230	110	125	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	160	65	95	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	25	10	15	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	45	30	15	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	0	0	0	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	0	0	10	425	190	235
Maori	10	10	0	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	15	0	10	205	105	95
Samoan	0	0	0	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	15	15	10	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	163,140	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	110,910	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	52,190	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	35	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	163,135	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	16,270	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	146,870	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	163,140	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	625	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	17,735	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	47,875	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	63,520	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	33,385	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	163,135	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	43,035	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	28,250	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	25,510	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	21,915	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	44,430	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	163,135	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	162,065	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,070	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	163,135	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	158,420	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	4,715	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	163,140	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	26,490	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	46,990	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	25,815	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	23,410	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	12,975	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	15,240	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	12,220	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	163,135	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	151,830	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	11,310	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	163,135	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	98,120	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	63,170	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,840	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	163,140	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,820	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	23,755	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	29,155	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	34,300	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	34,220	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	23,005	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	10,010	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	2,875	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	161,740	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	130,250	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	31,485	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	27,560	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	109,755	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.7	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.8	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,077	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,131	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	249,964	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	268,365	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	52,110	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.8	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	35.6	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	772	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	819	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	309,055	151,375	157,680	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	65,380	35,305	30,075	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	69,395	32,985	36,410	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	174,275	83,080	91,195	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	43,390	24,980	18,410	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,895	14,780	15,115	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	13,495	10,205	3,295	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	54,775	24,280	30,495	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,925	3,465	5,460	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	67,180	30,350	36,830	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	42,795	18,015	24,775	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,680	2,120	2,560	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,170	590	580	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	15,950	8,005	7,945	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,585	1,620	965	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	210,995	103,205	107,790	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	30,995	18,280	12,715	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	42,100	20,225	21,875	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	137,895	64,700	73,200	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	33,920	18,990	14,930	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	23,570	11,240	12,330	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	10,350	7,750	2,600	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	41,015	18,380	22,640	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,380	2,530	3,850	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	56,580	24,800	31,780	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	35,765	14,775	20,995	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,775	1,625	2,150	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	995	460	535	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	13,940	6,705	7,230	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,100	1,235	865	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	309,050	151,375	157,680	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	134,775	68,295	66,485	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	12,420	3,200	9,220	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	12,415	3,195	9,220	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,245	2,305	2,940	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,005	655	345	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	4,240	1,650	2,590	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	10,240	4,180	6,060	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,195	565	1,635	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	660	235	420	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,850	1,520	2,330	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	85	30	50	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	560	400	160	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	550	355	195	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	1,090	685	400	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	1,250	385	865	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	22,310	8,245	14,060	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	250	60	190	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,725	980	1,740	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,140	255	2,890	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	3,470	1,275	2,200	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	545	125	420	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	3,210	790	2,420	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	8,970	4,770	4,205	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	41,675	14,380	27,290	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	25	20	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,555	1,050	2,505	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	38,070	13,305	24,765	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,615	3,025	2,590	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,090	895	1,190	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	990	585	410	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	690	355	335	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	1,505	1,030	470	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	345	160	185	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,095	5,995	3,100	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,330	5,330	2,005	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	895	165	735	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	780	435	345	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	90	75	10	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	30,295	28,180	2,110	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	1,160	750	410	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	4,745	3,965	780	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,710	5,250	460	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	0	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	8,890	8,720	165	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,225	6,060	165	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	3,565	3,435	135	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,805	2,545	1,260	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,830	1,070	760	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,975	1,470	505	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	20,235	3,870	16,360	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,570	815	755	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	18,380	2,910	15,475	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	280	145	130	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,325	7,145	6,180	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	7,525	2,210	5,315	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	45	0	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	135	115	15	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	3,615	2,910	705	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,005	1,870	140	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	30	10	25	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	10	25	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	210,990	103,205	107,790	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	73,095	38,505	34,590	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	8,575	2,065	6,510	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	8,575	2,070	6,515	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,115	1,805	2,305	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	725	460	265	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	3,395	1,350	2,040	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	6,685	2,675	4,005	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,810	455	1,355	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	455	165	295	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,000	845	1,155	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	65	25	40	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	390	265	125	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	285	185	100	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	805	500	305	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	870	235	630	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,410	6,660	11,755	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	220	60	160	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,265	815	1,445	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,700	210	2,490	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	2,830	965	1,870	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	400	100	305	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	2,600	580	2,020	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	7,395	3,935	3,455	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	34,700	11,610	23,095	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	25	15	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,995	850	2,140	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	31,670	10,735	20,935	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,925	2,040	1,885	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,840	790	1,050	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	550	325	225	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	65	60	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	1,165	750	415	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	245	110	135	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,080	5,355	2,720	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,650	4,830	1,820	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	710	115	595	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	640	340	295	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	80	65	15	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	23,470	21,655	1,815	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	1,000	620	380	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	4,045	3,345	700	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,430	4,060	365	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	6,520	6,400	125	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,845	4,715	130	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	2,625	2,510	110	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,195	2,085	1,110	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,455	815	640	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,745	1,275	465	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	16,150	3,200	12,960	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,325	665	665	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	14,580	2,395	12,185	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	240	135	110	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,555	5,535	5,020	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	5,985	1,705	4,280	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	45	0	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	85	10	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	2,840	2,220	615	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,595	1,490	100	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	30	10	25	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	10	25	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	309,055	151,375	157,680	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	134,775	68,290	66,485	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	174,275	83,085	91,190	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	162,160	77,050	85,110	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	108,775	50,795	57,985	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	53,385	26,260	27,125	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	12,110	6,030	6,080	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,325	765	560	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	165	30	135	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	55	25	30	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	580	310	270	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	485	200	285	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	1,765	1,025	735	2,150	1,275	875
Other	7,740	3,680	4,065	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	210,990	103,205	107,790	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	73,095	38,505	34,590	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	137,895	64,700	73,200	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	127,710	59,760	67,955	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	85,660	39,215	46,450	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	42,050	20,545	21,505	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	10,190	4,940	5,250	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	935	495	435	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	155	20	125	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	50	20	35	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	405	230	175	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	455	190	270	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	1,415	820	595	1,870	1,105	765
Other	6,770	3,160	3,610	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	309,055	151,375	157,675	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	203,860	104,600	99,260	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	189,605	96,115	93,490	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	14,255	8,490	5,770	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	105,190	46,770	58,415	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	66.0	69.1	63.0	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	61.3	63.5	59.3	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	7.0	8.1	5.8	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	309,055	151,375	157,680	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	99,830	44,435	55,395	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	209,220	106,940	102,280	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	107,420	56,575	50,845	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	101,805	50,365	51,440	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.1	43.0	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	203,860	104,605	99,255	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,885	2,580	2,305	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	198,975	102,020	96,955	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	177,050	88,475	88,570	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	21,930	13,540	8,385	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	203,860	104,605	99,260	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,890	2,585	2,300	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	198,975	102,020	96,955	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	20,220	12,095	8,120	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	38,655	11,555	27,100	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	13,380	10,300	3,085	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	12,110	2,385	9,725	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	29,650	9,610	20,035	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,970	2,560	3,415	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	46,040	22,370	23,670	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	26,665	25,570	1,095	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,675	2,340	335	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,605	3,235	370	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	203,860	104,605	99,260	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	4,890	2,585	2,305	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	198,975	102,020	96,955	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,415	1,855	560	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	425	380	40	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	1,015	805	210	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	16,265	14,880	1,385	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	7,075	5,825	1,255	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	3,315	2,550	760	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	22,410	11,515	10,900	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,255	4,910	1,345	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	3,595	2,070	1,530	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	4,775	1,900	2,880	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,570	1,655	905	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,410	5,350	4,060	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	30	10	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	9,660	6,435	3,225	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	15,745	5,020	10,730	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	23,410	4,455	18,955	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,690	2,480	2,215	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	13,575	6,085	7,490	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,585	3,720	4,865	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	43,745	20,105	23,640	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	189,605	96,115	93,490	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	11,400	5,685	5,715	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	380	225	150	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	19,105	15,330	3,775	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	158,730	74,875	83,850	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	158,730	74,875	83,855	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	77,650	34,240	43,410	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,120	3,125	3,995	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	19,090	9,285	9,800	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	54,875	28,225	26,645	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	177,830	90,205	87,620	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	132,040	70,335	61,705	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	10,435	3,445	6,990	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	23,280	9,815	13,470	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	7,205	3,355	3,850	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	3,385	2,435	945	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	1,495	825	670	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	177,835	90,210	87,625	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	39,070	17,915	21,150	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	58,455	29,585	28,865	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	45,335	23,820	21,515	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	20,095	10,705	9,395	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	14,880	8,185	6,695	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	177,835	90,210	87,625	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,455	10,365	4,090	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	42,315	24,115	18,200	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	54,980	24,745	30,235	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30,665	12,840	17,830	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	13,125	5,750	7,375	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	22,295	12,395	9,900	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	215,215	109,880	105,335	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	195,600	99,770	95,825	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	194,980	99,450	95,530	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	67,210	37,410	29,800	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	127,770	62,040	65,730	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	615	320	295	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	70	30	40	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	70	30	40	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	25	30	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	15	10	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	35	15	20	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	0	20	15	10
Algonquin	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	550	295	255	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	20	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	45	20	840	530	305
Amharic	0	0	0	85	50	35
Arabic	65	45	20	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	15	10	0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	310	165	145	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	10	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	20	10	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	15	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	0	0	0	220	135	85
Russian	10	10	10	275	120	160
Serbian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	10	15	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	135	30
Greek	0	0	0	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	0	0	0	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	75	15	60
Hindi	0	0	0	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	0	0	0	155	50	100
Iranian languages	10	10	0	200	130	70
Kurdish	10	0	10	15	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	240	125	115	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Portuguese	40	20	25	140	70	70
Romanian	10	0	0	50	30	20
Spanish	185	95	90	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	0	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	0	15	230	120	115
American Sign Language	10	0	0	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	30	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	65	35	30	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	10	0	10	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	60	35	25	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	45	30	20
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	10	125	60	65
Lao	0	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	10	0	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	10	0	0	70	45	25
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	19,615	10,110	9,505	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	18,975	9,765	9,205	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	235	110	125	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	110	60	45	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	300	170	130	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	215,215	109,880	105,335	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	109,055	56,450	52,615	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	64,760	31,420	33,335	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	39,220	20,940	18,280	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	1,485	745	740	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	105	20	85	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	1,385	725	660	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	45	25	25	30	15	15
English and non-official language	300	140	165	215	105	110
French and non-official language	330	155	180	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	372,680	184,040	188,640	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	325,435	160,980	164,450	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	47,245	23,055	24,190	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	29,905	14,470	15,435	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	17,335	8,585	8,755	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	14,810	7,355	7,455	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	9,985	4,775	5,205	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	4,825	2,580	2,250	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	2,530	1,225	1,300	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	354,265	174,680	179,585	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	222,935	110,595	112,340	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	131,330	64,085	67,240	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	80,310	38,785	41,525	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	51,020	25,295	25,720	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	42,610	21,115	21,490	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	30,095	14,545	15,550	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	12,515	6,570	5,940	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	8,410	4,185	4,225	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 13, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Outaouais [Economic region], Quebec and Alberta [Province]