Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montcalm, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Chester, Municipal district [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Montcalm, MRC Quebec [Census division]			Chester, MD Nova Scotia [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Montcalm, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec Map : Montcalm, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Chester, Municipal district [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	52,596	...	...	10,310	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	48,378	...	...	10,599	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	8.7	...	...	-2.7	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	23,295	...	...	6,492	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	21,608	...	...	4,769	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	74.0	...	...	9.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	711.02	...	...	1,122.11	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	52,595	27,145	25,455	10,310	5,085	5,225
0 to 14 years	9,810	5,140	4,665	1,265	655	605
0 to 4 years	3,595	1,905	1,685	415	215	200
5 to 9 years	3,435	1,785	1,645	415	215	205
10 to 14 years	2,780	1,450	1,330	430	230	205
15 to 64 years	35,155	18,130	17,035	6,265	3,080	3,190
15 to 19 years	2,630	1,295	1,340	440	225	215
20 to 24 years	2,970	1,540	1,430	365	180	185
25 to 29 years	3,615	1,750	1,865	395	200	195
30 to 34 years	3,560	1,840	1,720	425	215	210
35 to 39 years	3,615	1,855	1,765	490	230	260
40 to 44 years	3,080	1,625	1,450	580	285	300
45 to 49 years	3,445	1,795	1,655	650	350	305
50 to 54 years	4,460	2,335	2,125	920	425	495
55 to 59 years	4,280	2,275	2,005	1,045	500	545
60 to 64 years	3,505	1,815	1,690	955	470	485
65 years and over	7,630	3,875	3,760	2,780	1,345	1,430
65 to 69 years	2,855	1,500	1,355	960	475	485
70 to 74 years	2,070	1,105	975	725	385	345
75 to 79 years	1,315	685	635	465	205	260
80 to 84 years	785	375	415	325	165	160
85 years and over	595	215	380	295	110	185
85 to 89 years	400	150	245	200	90	105
90 to 94 years	160	55	100	75	15	55
95 to 99 years	35	5	30	20	5	20
100 years and over	5	5	5	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.7	18.9	18.3	12.3	12.9	11.6
15 to 64 years	66.8	66.8	66.9	60.8	60.6	61.1
65 years and over	14.5	14.3	14.8	27.0	26.5	27.4
85 years and over	1.1	0.8	1.5	2.9	2.2	3.5
Average age of the population	39.7	39.6	39.8	48.5	47.8	49.1
Median age of the population	40.2	40.5	39.9	53.1	52.5	53.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	21,610	...	...	4,770	...	...
Single-detached house	17,385	...	...	4,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	3,940	...	...	390	...	...
Semi-detached house	640	...	...	80	...	...
Row house	125	...	...	105	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,035	...	...	75	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,075	...	...	105	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	15	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	280	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	21,605	...	...	4,770	...	...
1 person	5,775	...	...	1,390	...	...
2 persons	7,910	...	...	2,145	...	...
3 persons	3,535	...	...	645	...	...
4 persons	2,830	...	...	445	...	...
5 or more persons	1,550	...	...	145	...	...
Number of persons in private households	52,035	...	...	10,175	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	42,790	22,005	20,790	9,045	4,425	4,620
Married or living common law	25,810	12,920	12,890	5,735	2,880	2,855
Married	12,205	6,115	6,090	4,625	2,320	2,305
Living common law	13,605	6,805	6,805	1,105	555	550
Not married and not living common law	16,980	9,080	7,900	3,305	1,550	1,765
Never married	11,695	6,765	4,930	1,705	985	715
Separated	575	310	260	245	110	135
Divorced	2,650	1,360	1,295	615	285	335
Widowed	2,055	645	1,410	740	160	580
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	15,310	...	...	3,300	...	...
2 persons	8,070	...	...	2,150	...	...
3 persons	3,395	...	...	630	...	...
4 persons	2,660	...	...	405	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180	...	...	115	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	15,310	...	...	3,305	...	...
Total couple families	12,790	...	...	2,840	...	...
Married couples	5,990	...	...	2,285	...	...
Common-law couples	6,800	...	...	555	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,520	...	...	460	...	...
Female parent	1,780	...	...	365	...	...
Male parent	740	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	12,790	...	...	2,840	...	...
Couples without children	6,505	...	...	1,850	...	...
Couples with children	6,280	...	...	990	...	...
1 child	2,710	...	...	510	...	...
2 children	2,465	...	...	370	...	...
3 or more children	1,110	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,520	...	...	460	...	...
1 child	1,565	...	...	295	...	...
2 children	680	...	...	120	...	...
3 or more children	270	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,725	5,165	3,565	1,750	820	930
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	21,610	...	...	4,770	...	...
One-census-family households	14,780	...	...	3,230	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	6,285	...	...	1,820	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	8,495	...	...	1,410	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	260	...	...	35	...	...
Non-census-family households	6,565	...	...	1,505	...	...
One-person households	5,780	...	...	1,385	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	785	...	...	115	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	52,215	26,975	25,240	10,170	5,025	5,145
English only	115	60	55	9,565	4,765	4,800
French only	37,015	18,530	18,485	0	0	0
English and French	15,035	8,350	6,680	600	255	345
Neither English nor French	50	35	20	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	52,215	26,980	25,235	10,175	5,030	5,145
English	895	475	420	10,050	4,965	5,085
French	51,065	26,360	24,705	110	55	55
English and French	210	115	90	5	0	5
Neither English nor French	40	30	15	0	5	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,000	530	465	115	60	60
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.1	1.2	1.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	52,210	26,975	25,235	10,170	5,030	5,145
Single responses	51,745	26,730	25,015	10,130	5,010	5,120
Official languages	50,960	26,295	24,665	9,955	4,920	5,035
English	760	395	365	9,835	4,860	4,975
French	50,205	25,900	24,305	125	60	65
Non-official languages	785	440	350	170	90	80
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	0	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	785	435	345	165	85	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	20	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	50	25	20	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	70	50	20	15	10	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	15	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	15	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tamil	0	5	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	525	295	230	115	60	50
Albanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	20	30	15	10	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	20	30	15	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10	5	0	5
Russian	15	5	10	5	5	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	10	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	20	75	40	35
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	5	15	10	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	10	15	60	30	25
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	5	5	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	0	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	405	235	170	15	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	130	90	35	5	5	0
Portuguese	65	35	30	5	5	0
Romanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	195	105	95	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	5	5	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	15	10	5	5
Chinese languages	30	15	15	5	5	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	15	10	10	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	10	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	5	0	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	465	245	220	45	15	25
English and French	320	165	155	20	10	10
English and non-official language	20	15	5	20	5	15
French and non-official language	95	45	45	0	5	0
English, French and non-official language	30	20	10	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	52,215	26,975	25,235	10,170	5,025	5,145
Single responses	51,705	26,705	25,000	10,125	5,005	5,120
Official languages	51,455	26,565	24,890	10,080	4,985	5,095
English	580	305	275	10,060	4,980	5,085
French	50,875	26,260	24,615	20	10	10
Non-official languages	250	140	110	45	25	25
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	245	140	110	45	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	15	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	5	15	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	5	15	5	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	155	90	65	25	15	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	5	5	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	15	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	20	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	5	0	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	75	55	0	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	5	5	0	0
Romanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Spanish	75	45	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	5	5	0	0
Chinese languages	20	10	5	5	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	5	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	510	270	235	45	20	25
English and French	280	150	125	10	5	0
English and non-official language	25	20	10	35	20	20
French and non-official language	165	80	80	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	40	25	20	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	52,210	26,975	25,240	10,175	5,025	5,145
None	49,520	25,535	23,980	9,990	4,945	5,045
English	1,870	1,000	870	35	15	20
French	325	165	160	75	35	40
Non-official language	380	205	170	70	30	35
Aboriginal	5	5	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	375	205	170	70	30	35
English and French	25	15	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	80	50	30	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	42,240	21,760	20,480	8,910	4,370	4,535
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	40,740	21,150	19,590	8,590	4,240	4,350
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,304	36,083	24,852	28,795	36,019	23,642
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	40,750	21,150	19,600	8,595	4,240	4,360
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,458	31,849	23,297	26,255	32,141	22,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	34,660	18,725	15,940	7,420	3,765	3,650
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,248	33,691	21,057	25,472	31,770	20,203
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	32,775	16,350	16,425	6,690	3,135	3,550
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,971	6,983	8,837	9,127	10,720	8,152
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	29,425	16,100	13,330	5,500	2,865	2,635
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,769	34,790	22,704	25,434	30,067	21,568
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	42,235	21,755	20,480	8,910	4,370	4,540
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	40,675	21,095	19,575	8,545	4,230	4,320
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,183	40,562	29,387	42,171	51,183	33,344
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	40,680	21,095	19,585	8,555	4,230	4,325
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,087	33,907	25,973	34,480	41,097	28,011
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	34,780	18,715	16,065	7,310	3,670	3,640
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,596	38,330	25,914	40,472	49,932	30,938
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	32,755	16,395	16,360	6,705	3,140	3,565
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,079	8,437	9,722	9,653	10,603	8,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	29,430	16,100	13,330	5,500	2,870	2,630
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,221	38,300	27,085	39,003	47,580	29,650
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	42,240	21,760	20,480	8,910	4,370	4,535
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	12,515	7,005	5,505	2,475	1,350	1,125
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	40,103	45,403	34,709	45,163	48,275	39,812
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	43,996	49,484	37,009	58,980	67,494	48,746
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	79.0	83.8	71.8	81.4	84.0	77.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.1	71.9	62.5	57.1	59.4	53.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	21.0	16.2	28.2	18.6	15.9	22.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	42,240	21,760	20,480	8,910	4,375	4,540
Without total income	1,500	605	890	320	130	185
With total income	40,740	21,150	19,590	8,590	4,235	4,355
Percentage with total income	96.4	97.2	95.7	96.4	96.8	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,145	2,140	3,010	1,210	450	760
$10,000 to $19,999	8,035	3,240	4,800	1,730	675	1,055
$20,000 to $29,999	7,015	3,205	3,805	1,495	655	840
$30,000 to $39,999	6,345	3,280	3,065	1,150	575	575
$40,000 to $49,999	5,085	2,950	2,135	910	530	385
$50,000 to $59,999	3,365	2,145	1,215	620	390	230
$60,000 to $69,999	2,210	1,565	650	370	255	120
$70,000 to $79,999	1,470	1,035	430	305	185	120
$80,000 to $89,999	785	585	200	240	140	100
$90,000 to $99,999	460	340	125	145	100	45
$100,000 and over	830	665	165	415	285	125
$100,000 to $149,999	665	530	135	265	185	80
$150,000 and over	165	130	30	145	100	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	42,240	21,760	20,480	8,905	4,370	4,535
Without after-tax income	1,485	610	875	310	130	180
With after-tax income	40,750	21,150	19,600	8,595	4,240	4,355
Percentage with after-tax income	96.5	97.2	95.7	96.5	97.0	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,300	2,175	3,125	1,280	465	815
$10,000 to $19,999	8,495	3,480	5,010	1,835	710	1,125
$20,000 to $29,999	8,655	4,090	4,570	1,725	785	935
$30,000 to $39,999	7,715	4,330	3,390	1,400	760	630
$40,000 to $49,999	5,210	3,285	1,925	900	545	350
$50,000 to $59,999	2,815	1,925	890	525	350	180
$60,000 to $69,999	1,345	930	420	380	235	150
$70,000 to $79,999	570	425	145	200	130	70
$80,000 and over	645	515	135	355	255	100
$80,000 to $89,999	265	205	55	85	65	20
$90,000 to $99,999	130	105	25	75	50	25
$100,000 and over	260	205	50	195	135	55
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	42,240	21,760	20,480	8,910	4,370	4,535
Without employment income	12,815	5,660	7,155	3,410	1,505	1,900
With employment income	29,425	16,100	13,325	5,500	2,860	2,635
Percentage with employment income	69.7	74.0	65.1	61.7	65.4	58.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,515	1,740	1,775	935	470	465
$5,000 to $9,999	2,325	975	1,345	485	220	265
$10,000 to $19,999	4,975	2,120	2,850	915	400	510
$20,000 to $29,999	4,450	2,115	2,340	715	340	375
$30,000 to $39,999	4,325	2,350	1,975	625	280	350
$40,000 to $49,999	3,325	2,015	1,310	500	280	220
$50,000 to $59,999	2,280	1,585	695	360	230	130
$60,000 to $69,999	1,615	1,190	425	245	165	85
$70,000 to $79,999	1,160	850	310	190	115	75
$80,000 and over	1,465	1,165	305	520	365	160
$80,000 to $89,999	565	445	120	185	115	75
$90,000 to $99,999	350	260	95	100	70	35
$100,000 and over	555	455	95	230	175	55
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	21,605	...	...	4,770	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	58,065	...	...	54,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	51,046	...	...	48,729	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	5,775	...	...	1,390	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,792	...	...	26,432	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,059	...	...	24,512	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	15,830	...	...	3,380	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	69,454	...	...	67,920	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	61,039	...	...	59,861	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	21,610	...	...	4,770	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,224	...	...	75,575	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,646	...	...	61,847	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,780	...	...	1,380	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,893	...	...	38,249	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,375	...	...	32,059	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	15,830	...	...	3,385	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,294	...	...	90,821	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	66,234	...	...	74,014	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	21,605	...	...	4,770	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...	70	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	610	...	...	120	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,055	...	...	285	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,110	...	...	270	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	925	...	...	270	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,220	...	...	315	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,190	...	...	295	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,200	...	...	255	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,165	...	...	230	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,230	...	...	425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,045	...	...	375	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,680	...	...	340	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,460	...	...	250	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,230	...	...	225	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,970	...	...	965	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,095	...	...	390	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	970	...	...	210	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	685	...	...	215	...	...
$200,000 and over	215	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	21,610	...	...	4,770	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	305	...	...	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	620	...	...	125	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,105	...	...	305	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,240	...	...	310	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,085	...	...	295	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,525	...	...	390	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,390	...	...	320	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,445	...	...	270	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,515	...	...	265	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,660	...	...	525	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,170	...	...	435	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,810	...	...	325	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,390	...	...	275	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,050	...	...	180	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,045	...	...	590	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,285	...	...	300	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	470	...	...	130	...	...
$150,000 and over	285	...	...	155	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	15,255	...	...	3,280	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	69,355	...	...	68,282	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	60,928	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	6,080	...	...	1,795	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,127	...	...	64,469	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	53,561	...	...	56,695	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	6,330	...	...	1,000	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,116	...	...	92,608	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	76,907	...	...	79,250	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,400	...	...	440	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,428	...	...	41,984	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,155	...	...	39,595	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	15,295	...	...	3,260	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,239	...	...	91,589	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	66,115	...	...	74,581	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	6,080	...	...	1,770	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,672	...	...	96,387	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	58,226	...	...	76,869	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	6,360	...	...	1,015	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,382	...	...	103,452	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	82,056	...	...	85,070	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,395	...	...	425	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,466	...	...	46,940	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,444	...	...	42,267	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	7,575	4,615	2,965	1,645	775	875
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,880	30,912	23,083	25,771	28,960	24,352
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,954	27,749	22,323	24,101	26,032	22,746
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	7,440	4,575	2,865	1,650	780	870
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,553	36,580	28,718	37,267	36,157	38,265
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	28,602	30,666	25,305	31,231	30,324	32,047
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	52,035	26,890	25,140	10,175	5,025	5,145
In the bottom half of the distribution	35,310	18,035	17,280	6,550	3,135	3,410
In the bottom decile	5,020	2,560	2,460	1,050	480	565
In the second decile	6,845	3,415	3,430	1,625	745	880
In the third decile	8,315	4,220	4,095	1,310	630	680
In the fourth decile	8,025	4,130	3,890	1,335	655	680
In the fifth decile	7,115	3,705	3,405	1,230	625	605
In the top half of the distribution	16,720	8,855	7,865	3,625	1,890	1,735
In the sixth decile	5,900	3,140	2,755	960	500	460
In the seventh decile	4,935	2,600	2,335	895	465	435
In the eighth decile	3,235	1,680	1,555	710	375	335
In the ninth decile	1,880	1,015	870	575	305	270
In the top decile	770	420	350	485	240	240
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	52,035	26,890	25,145	10,175	5,025	5,145
0 to 17 years	11,355	5,895	5,465	1,540	790	745
0 to 5 years	4,270	2,260	2,015	500	260	240
18 to 64 years	33,460	17,265	16,190	5,965	2,920	3,040
65 years and over	7,215	3,730	3,485	2,670	1,315	1,355
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,950	3,975	3,980	1,970	895	1,080
0 to 17 years	1,850	975	875	380	190	190
0 to 5 years	595	305	285	145	70	75
18 to 64 years	4,485	2,225	2,265	1,020	465	550
65 years and over	1,620	780	835	565	235	335
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.3	14.8	15.8	19.4	17.8	21.0
0 to 17 years (%)	16.3	16.5	16.0	24.7	24.1	25.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.9	13.5	14.1	29.0	26.9	31.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.4	12.9	14.0	17.1	15.9	18.1
65 years and over (%)	22.5	20.9	24.0	21.2	17.9	24.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,735	1,495	1,245	505	235	270
0 to 17 years	500	275	220	90	40	50
0 to 5 years	150	80	70	35	15	20
18 to 64 years	2,110	1,155	960	375	175	200
65 years and over	125	60	65	40	20	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.3	5.6	5.0	5.0	4.7	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.7	4.0	5.8	5.1	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	7.0	5.8	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.7	5.9	6.3	6.0	6.6
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.5	1.5	1.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	52,035	26,890	25,145	10,170	5,030	5,145
Official languages	52,005	26,870	25,135	10,160	5,015	5,145
English	15,075	8,435	6,645	10,155	5,015	5,140
French	51,940	26,835	25,105	605	250	355
Non-official languages	1,930	970	960	315	135	180
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,925	970	950	310	130	180
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	75	35	45	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	75	35	45	25	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	110	75	35	45	20	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	10	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	130	55	75	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	115	50	70	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,590	795	790	210	90	120
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	40	25	30	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	65	40	25	25	10	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	30	25	0	0	0	0
Russian	15	0	15	20	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	75	40	40	105	55	50
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	70	40	30	95	50	45
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	35	25	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	10	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	10	0	10	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,420	700	720	80	25	55
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	280	185	95	20	10	10
Portuguese	60	30	30	0	0	0
Romanian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	1,100	505	600	70	20	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	15	20	0	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	20	15	10
Chinese languages	10	15	0	20	15	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	10	0	15	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	10	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10	10	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	52,035	26,890	25,140	10,170	5,025	5,145
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	51,770	26,755	25,015	9,990	4,945	5,040
Canadian citizens aged under 18	11,345	5,840	5,505	1,525	785	745
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	40,425	20,910	19,510	8,460	4,160	4,300
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	265	135	125	180	85	105
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	52,035	26,890	25,140	10,170	5,030	5,145
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	50,970	26,335	24,640	9,610	4,770	4,835
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,035	540	500	545	245	300
Before 1981	355	185	170	295	135	160
1981 to 1990	160	80	80	50	30	20
1991 to 2000	160	85	80	35	25	15
2001 to 2010	250	145	110	125	45	85
2001 to 2005	125	65	55	60	25	40
2006 to 2010	135	80	50	65	20	45
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	105	45	60	40	15	25
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	25	20	10	20	10	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,035	540	500	545	245	300
Under 5 years	160	65	95	90	50	40
5 to 14 years	185	110	75	80	30	50
15 to 24 years	205	100	105	95	40	60
25 to 44 years	425	240	190	210	90	120
45 years and over	65	30	35	75	35	35
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,040	540	500	550	245	300
Americas	280	125	160	130	55	75
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	15	10	10	0	0	0
El Salvador	15	0	10	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	55	20	35	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	10	0	10
Mexico	30	10	20	0	10	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	35	25	10	115	45	70
Other places of birth in Americas	125	55	70	0	0	0
Europe	575	315	260	315	150	165
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	260	150	110	0	0	0
Germany	25	10	15	50	25	15
Greece	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	85	60	20	20	10	10
Netherlands	0	0	0	25	15	15
Poland	15	15	0	10	10	0
Portugal	30	10	20	0	0	0
Romania	20	10	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	15	10	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	10	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	10	0	185	80	100
Other places of birth in Europe	120	50	65	15	10	10
Africa	80	50	25	10	0	10
Algeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	40	30	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	15	10	0	0	0
Asia	95	45	50	80	35	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	0	10	20	0	15
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	10	0
India	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0	25	10	15
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	10	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	20	20	0	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	15	0	10
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	105	50	60	40	20	20
Americas	35	15	15	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	15	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	10	0	0	0
Europe	40	25	20	20	0	15
France	40	15	15	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Europe	0	10	0	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	10	0	0	0
Asia	20	10	10	15	0	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	10	10	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Australia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	52,035	26,890	25,140	10,175	5,030	5,145
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,105	570	535	565	255	310
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,605	910	695	570	275	295
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	49,330	25,410	23,915	9,035	4,495	4,540
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	700	365	340	270	115	150
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	310	185	125	160	70	85
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	140	110	25	75	45	25
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	170	75	95	85	20	65
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	285	130	155	100	35	65
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	110	55	60	10	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	52,035	26,890	25,140	10,175	5,030	5,145
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	795	405	395	375	185	195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	765	395	370	365	185	180
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	335	155	180	220	115	105
Métis	430	245	190	140	65	75
Inuk (Inuit)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	25	10	15	15	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	51,235	26,485	24,750	9,795	4,840	4,950
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	52,035	26,890	25,140	10,170	5,025	5,145
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	150	65	80	100	55	45
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	51,885	26,825	25,065	10,070	4,975	5,095
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	52,035	26,895	25,140	10,175	5,025	5,145
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	575	295	275	80	35	40
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	555	285	270	80	35	40
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	460	215	245	65	25	40
Métis single ancestry	90	70	20	15	15	0
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,120	970	1,150	475	220	260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,095	965	1,125	445	205	240
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,885	875	1,010	310	140	175
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	190	90	105	130	65	60
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	15	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	30	0	25	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	0	15	15	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	49,345	25,625	23,715	9,620	4,770	4,845
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	52,035	26,890	25,140	10,175	5,030	5,145
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	735	365	365	115	60	60
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Chinese	25	10	15	30	15	15
Black	320	145	175	15	10	10
Filipino	25	15	10	0	0	10
Latin American	215	95	120	0	0	0
Arab	90	65	20	40	15	25
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	40	15	25	10	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	51,300	26,525	24,775	10,050	4,965	5,085
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	52,035	26,890	25,145	10,175	5,030	5,145
North American Aboriginal origins	2,690	1,265	1,425	555	255	300
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,385	1,105	1,275	390	165	225
Inuit	35	0	30	20	10	10
Métis	320	175	145	175	90	85
Other North American origins	41,835	21,555	20,280	4,830	2,365	2,465
Acadian	665	330	330	75	45	35
American	150	70	80	90	35	60
Canadian	39,700	20,440	19,255	4,695	2,290	2,400
New Brunswicker	0	0	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	40	15	25
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ontarian	45	20	15	10	0	0
Québécois	1,840	965	875	30	10	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	16,445	8,575	7,875	6,975	3,435	3,535
British Isles origins	4,010	2,020	1,990	4,845	2,370	2,475
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	600	280	320	2,840	1,335	1,505
Irish	2,925	1,425	1,500	1,560	800	765
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	805	420	380	1,975	1,040	930
Welsh	15	0	10	165	90	75
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	90	40	45	155	75	75
French origins	11,300	5,945	5,360	1,440	665	775
Alsatian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Breton	85	30	55	0	0	0
Corsican	10	0	0	0	0	0
French	11,230	5,910	5,315	1,435	660	775
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,200	615	585	3,090	1,535	1,555
Austrian	25	0	20	25	10	20
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	355	210	145	30	0	30
Dutch	35	10	25	560	255	305
Flemish	20	15	0	0	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	675	340	330	2,790	1,405	1,385
Luxembourger	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swiss	120	50	70	40	20	20
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	70	35	30	190	105	85
Danish	0	0	0	60	40	20
Finnish	25	20	0	10	10	0
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	0	15	75	45	35
Swedish	10	10	10	25	10	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	40	20	20
Eastern European origins	595	305	290	235	85	150
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	40	15	20	35	15	20
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0	0	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	270	155	120	100	45	60
Romanian	70	45	25	0	0	0
Russian	70	40	30	40	10	30
Slovak	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	180	90	85	70	30	45
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	0	0	0	0	10
Southern European origins	2,340	1,190	1,145	260	140	120
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	100	70	30	45	35	10
Italian	1,670	840	830	105	40	55
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	315	160	150	25	20	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Slovenian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Spanish	310	150	155	90	35	55
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	135	70	65	85	55	30
Basque	20	15	0	20	10	15
Jewish	35	20	15	40	30	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	75	35	40	20	15	10
Caribbean origins	425	185	235	20	10	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	70	30	45	0	0	0
Dominican	60	35	25	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	280	120	160	0	0	0
Jamaican	10	0	15	10	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	320	130	190	20	15	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	45	25	15	0	0	0
Colombian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	55	30	25	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	30	0	20	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	90	35	60	20	20	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Salvadorean	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	10
African origins	175	115	60	15	0	10
Central and West African origins	10	10	0	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins	105	85	25	0	0	0
Algerian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Berber	15	10	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	20	0	10	10	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	60	45	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	15	0	10	0	0	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	50	20	30	10	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	40	15	20	10	0	0
Asian origins	230	115	115	225	110	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	90	40	45	120	60	60
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	20	15	0	100	55	50
Palestinian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	10	0	0	0
Turk	20	10	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	20	15	0	50	30	20
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	20	15	10	50	30	25
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	120	55	65	60	25	30
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese	40	15	20	30	15	15
Filipino	25	10	10	15	0	15
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	15	0	0	0
Laotian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	10	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	0	0	0	10	10	10
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	10	10	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	21,605	...	...	4,770	...	...
Owner	16,675	...	...	3,995	...	...
Renter	4,935	...	...	775	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	21,610	...	...	4,770	...	...
Condominium	585	...	...	100	...	...
Not condominium	21,025	...	...	4,675	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	21,610	...	...	4,770	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	2,235	...	...	350	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,785	...	...	1,395	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,515	...	...	2,185	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,050	...	...	840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	21,610	...	...	4,770	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,765	...	...	780	...	...
5 rooms	4,215	...	...	820	...	...
6 rooms	3,590	...	...	1,015	...	...
7 rooms	3,085	...	...	820	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,950	...	...	1,335	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	21,605	...	...	4,770	...	...
One person or fewer per room	21,470	...	...	4,765	...	...
More than 1 person per room	135	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	21,610	...	...	4,770	...	...
Suitable	20,920	...	...	4,705	...	...
Not suitable	690	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	21,610	...	...	4,770	...	...
1960 or before	3,770	...	...	1,385	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,435	...	...	1,285	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,435	...	...	780	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,480	...	...	600	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,460	...	...	295	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,640	...	...	215	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,385	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	21,605	...	...	4,765	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	20,020	...	...	4,305	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,590	...	...	465	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	21,610	...	...	4,765	...	...
1 household maintainer	13,265	...	...	2,960	...	...
2 household maintainers	8,130	...	...	1,770	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	215	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	21,605	...	...	4,770	...	...
15 to 24 years	740	...	...	45	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,490	...	...	370	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,685	...	...	570	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,670	...	...	885	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,425	...	...	1,170	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,010	...	...	995	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,320	...	...	510	...	...
85 years and over	270	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	21,275	...	...	4,710	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	16,985	...	...	3,830	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,285	...	...	875	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,895	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,405	...	...	3,935	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	71.4	...	...	45.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.9	...	...	14.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	945	...	...	639	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	963	...	...	817	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	199,688	...	...	200,340	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	204,427	...	...	278,446	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,890	...	...	775	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	5.0	...	...	8.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	34.5	...	...	37.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	751	...	...	775	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	763	...	...	840	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	42,235	21,760	20,480	8,905	4,375	4,535
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,205	7,295	5,915	2,105	1,115	995
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	9,060	4,320	4,740	2,035	1,030	1,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,975	10,150	9,825	4,765	2,230	2,540
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,105	6,760	4,340	1,120	790	325
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	7,555	3,865	3,685	595	330	260
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,550	2,895	655	525	465	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,565	2,175	3,390	1,895	710	1,185
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	925	365	555	215	85	130
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,385	845	1,535	1,540	645	900
Bachelor's degree	1,845	605	1,240	1,000	370	625
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	220	95	120	130	75	60
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	25	25	30	15	15
Master's degree	240	95	135	285	130	160
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	35	20	10	95	50	40
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	29,430	15,150	14,275	5,410	2,650	2,760
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,375	4,300	3,080	845	510	335
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	6,065	2,960	3,100	1,245	645	595
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,985	7,885	8,100	3,325	1,495	1,830
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,080	5,360	3,725	745	545	200
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	6,225	3,040	3,185	400	225	175
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,860	2,320	540	345	320	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,265	1,620	2,645	1,435	520	915
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	660	260	405	125	50	70
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,980	655	1,325	1,020	375	640
Bachelor's degree	1,535	460	1,075	705	250	450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	175	75	100	95	50	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	20	25	10	0	0
Master's degree	200	85	115	155	50	105
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	20	20	10	60	25	35
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	42,235	21,760	20,480	8,910	4,370	4,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	22,265	11,610	10,660	4,140	2,140	1,995
Education	1,215	260	960	305	65	235
13. Education	1,220	255	960	300	65	235
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	525	220	310	150	60	90
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	75	50	20	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	400	140	260	135	45	90
Humanities	575	260	320	225	85	145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25	0	25	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	25	10	15	80	20	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	170	180	65	20	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15	35	20	10
54. History	35	25	10	30	15	15
55. French language and literature/letters	95	15	80	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,085	180	900	385	130	260
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	20	85	25	0	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	495	25	470	65	0	65
22. Legal professions and studies	165	25	145	70	35	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35	15	20	10	0	0
42. Psychology	135	20	120	105	40	65
45. Social sciences	130	75	60	105	45	60
Business, management and public administration	3,590	735	2,855	1,080	235	850
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	165	20	145	50	0	45
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,425	715	2,710	1,030	225	800
Physical and life sciences and technologies	255	145	110	175	110	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	90	40	50	55	40	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	15	15	25	10	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	40	20	20	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	55	45	10	75	65	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	25	15	15	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	455	265	185	160	65	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	380	240	140	130	50	75
25. Library science	40	10	35	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	15	15	15	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,605	6,175	435	1,240	1,160	80
04. Architecture and related services	95	55	45	10	0	0
14. Engineering	170	150	25	120	110	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	910	795	115	210	180	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,210	2,130	85	330	330	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,825	1,760	60	395	370	25
48. Precision production	1,395	1,285	110	175	165	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	655	425	230	70	40	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	560	350	210	40	20	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	90	75	20	30	20	10
Health and related fields	2,575	315	2,265	580	65	520
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	115	45	70	60	20	50
51. Health professions and related programs	2,460	270	2,185	520	40	475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,435	1,180	1,255	400	220	180
12. Personal and culinary services	1,320	235	1,085	225	55	165
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	335	250	80	30	25	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	770	685	80	125	110	15
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	29,425	15,150	14,280	5,415	2,650	2,760
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	13,440	7,265	6,180	2,090	1,155	935
Education	825	170	655	175	45	130
13. Education	820	165	655	175	45	130
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	435	170	265	95	40	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	60	35	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	340	110	230	80	30	50
Humanities	410	165	245	125	50	80
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	30	0	25	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	15	50	15	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	235	115	115	30	10	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	10	10	10	0
54. History	30	20	10	15	15	10
55. French language and literature/letters	90	20	70	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	920	140	780	300	80	225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	15	50	20	0	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	420	20	405	60	0	60
22. Legal professions and studies	150	15	140	45	10	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35	15	15	10	0	10
42. Psychology	130	15	115	80	25	60
45. Social sciences	115	55	60	85	40	45
Business, management and public administration	3,040	575	2,465	745	130	620
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	20	125	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,895	550	2,345	725	125	600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	145	80	70	130	80	50
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	35	40	50	30	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	15	15	20	0	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	25	20	0	55	45	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	15	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	410	235	175	120	40	80
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	355	215	140	110	40	70
25. Library science	30	0	30	10	10	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,190	4,815	370	895	825	70
04. Architecture and related services	70	40	30	0	0	0
14. Engineering	145	130	15	65	55	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	715	620	95	155	130	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,720	1,640	85	285	285	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,460	1,400	55	255	235	20
48. Precision production	1,080	980	100	130	120	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	535	330	205	55	30	25
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	450	265	185	30	15	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	60	20	20	15	0
Health and related fields	2,110	280	1,830	405	45	365
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	105	45	65	50	15	35
51. Health professions and related programs	2,000	235	1,760	355	30	330
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,975	935	1,040	280	140	140
12. Personal and culinary services	1,095	170	920	175	40	135
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	245	180	60	25	20	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	635	575	55	80	70	10
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	42,240	21,760	20,480	8,910	4,370	4,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,265	11,610	10,655	4,140	2,145	2,000
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	19,975	10,150	9,825	4,765	2,230	2,540
Location of study inside Canada	19,695	9,965	9,725	4,445	2,055	2,390
Same as province or territory of residence	19,530	9,875	9,650	3,645	1,665	1,980
Different than province or territory of residence	165	90	75	805	395	410
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	285	185	95	320	170	145
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10	10	0	155	90	65
Philippines	10	0	10	10	0	10
India	0	0	0	0	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	10	60	35	30
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	135	95	35	0	0	0
Other	135	75	60	90	45	45
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	29,425	15,150	14,275	5,415	2,650	2,765
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,440	7,265	6,175	2,090	1,155	935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	15,985	7,890	8,095	3,325	1,495	1,830
Location of study inside Canada	15,765	7,745	8,020	3,155	1,405	1,750
Same as province or territory of residence	15,645	7,690	7,960	2,635	1,160	1,475
Different than province or territory of residence	115	60	55	520	245	275
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	225	145	80	170	95	80
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10	0	0	50	35	15
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	45	20	25
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	115	85	30	0	0	0
Other	105	50	50	65	35	25
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	42,240	21,760	20,480	8,910	4,370	4,535
In the labour force	27,515	14,980	12,530	4,955	2,555	2,405
Employed	25,490	13,740	11,755	4,445	2,250	2,195
Unemployed	2,015	1,235	780	505	300	205
Not in the labour force	14,725	6,780	7,945	3,950	1,815	2,140
Participation rate	65.1	68.8	61.2	55.6	58.5	53.0
Employment rate	60.3	63.1	57.4	49.9	51.5	48.4
Unemployment rate	7.3	8.2	6.2	10.2	11.7	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	42,240	21,760	20,480	8,910	4,370	4,540
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	14,140	6,450	7,690	3,535	1,575	1,960
Worked	28,100	15,310	12,790	5,375	2,795	2,580
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	12,820	7,185	5,635	2,605	1,425	1,180
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	15,280	8,130	7,150	2,765	1,365	1,395
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.2	41.9	40.9	40.6	41.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	27,510	14,975	12,530	4,955	2,555	2,400
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	610	335	280	60	40	20
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	26,895	14,645	12,255	4,895	2,515	2,380
Employee	23,145	12,280	10,865	4,090	2,005	2,080
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	3,750	2,365	1,385	810	510	300
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	27,510	14,980	12,530	4,955	2,555	2,400
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	610	335	280	60	40	20
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	26,900	14,645	12,250	4,895	2,515	2,385
0 Management occupations	2,290	1,500	790	500	260	240
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,460	755	2,705	665	180	490
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	790	565	220	210	175	35
3 Health occupations	1,510	180	1,335	300	15	285
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,395	465	1,930	470	125	345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	400	165	230	170	90	85
6 Sales and service occupations	6,165	2,410	3,760	980	330	650
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,450	6,920	535	980	915	70
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	560	415	145	305	250	55
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,875	1,270	605	310	185	125
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	27,510	14,980	12,530	4,955	2,555	2,400
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	610	330	280	60	35	20
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	26,900	14,645	12,255	4,895	2,515	2,380
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	950	635	315	310	235	75
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	65	10	35	40	0
22 Utilities	135	115	20	40	20	20
23 Construction	3,620	3,165	455	530	475	55
31-33 Manufacturing	3,645	2,645	1,005	515	320	195
41 Wholesale trade	1,070	740	335	155	110	40
44-45 Retail trade	3,640	1,715	1,930	475	220	255
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,675	1,220	455	145	115	30
51 Information and cultural industries	235	145	90	110	75	35
52 Finance and insurance	470	80	390	125	30	90
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	295	180	120	55	30	20
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	935	420	515	280	130	150
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	10	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,345	855	485	220	140	80
61 Educational services	1,225	285	940	295	110	185
62 Health care and social assistance	3,180	360	2,820	550	35	515
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	345	195	150	155	75	80
72 Accommodation and food services	1,460	480	980	350	110	235
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,535	825	710	285	110	170
91 Public administration	1,035	525	510	270	130	140
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	25,495	13,740	11,750	4,445	2,250	2,195
Worked at home	1,910	900	1,015	415	195	220
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	45	20	20
No fixed workplace address	4,080	3,290	790	630	500	135
Worked at usual place	19,480	9,525	9,950	3,360	1,540	1,820
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	19,480	9,530	9,955	3,360	1,540	1,825
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,505	1,580	1,925	1,585	680	900
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,100	930	1,170	545	210	335
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,860	7,010	6,850	1,205	625	580
Commute to a different province or territory	15	0	10	30	25	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	23,560	12,820	10,745	3,985	2,035	1,955
Car, truck, van - as a driver	21,410	11,780	9,635	3,460	1,775	1,680
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	925	480	450	325	155	175
Public transit	235	85	155	20	10	15
Walked	750	330	420	140	70	65
Bicycle	80	55	25	0	0	0
Other method	160	95	60	35	20	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	23,560	12,820	10,740	3,990	2,035	1,955
Less than 15 minutes	4,640	2,245	2,395	1,280	595	685
15 to 29 minutes	5,490	2,550	2,945	865	385	480
30 to 44 minutes	5,800	3,120	2,680	675	355	315
45 to 59 minutes	3,695	2,320	1,375	550	305	250
60 minutes and over	3,935	2,580	1,350	620	395	230
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	23,565	12,820	10,740	3,990	2,035	1,955
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,985	2,990	1,000	350	245	105
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,870	2,895	1,965	955	570	385
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,425	2,310	3,110	1,170	630	545
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,100	1,135	1,970	735	240	495
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,430	485	945	325	115	205
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,750	3,000	1,750	450	230	220
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	29,060	15,775	13,280	5,515	2,845	2,670
Single responses	28,245	15,315	12,935	5,505	2,840	2,660
Official languages	28,225	15,300	12,930	5,505	2,835	2,665
English	515	345	170	5,490	2,835	2,650
French	27,710	14,955	12,760	15	0	0
Non-official languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	810	465	345	10	10	0
English and French	780	450	330	10	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	0
French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	29,060	15,775	13,285	5,515	2,845	2,665
None	24,105	12,860	11,245	5,375	2,785	2,590
English	4,480	2,630	1,845	15	10	10
French	320	210	115	70	35	40
Non-official language	95	55	40	55	25	35
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	100	55	40	55	20	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	50	25	25	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	51,270	26,520	24,760	10,120	4,990	5,125
Non-movers	45,695	23,700	21,990	9,390	4,655	4,735
Movers	5,580	2,815	2,765	730	340	390
Non-migrants	1,820	895	920	335	160	175
Migrants	3,765	1,915	1,845	395	180	215
Internal migrants	3,735	1,905	1,830	370	165	200
Intraprovincial migrants	3,660	1,865	1,800	285	125	160
Interprovincial migrants	75	40	30	85	40	40
External migrants	30	15	15	25	15	15
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	48,445	24,960	23,485	9,765	4,815	4,960
Non-movers	31,155	16,245	14,915	7,330	3,665	3,665
Movers	17,285	8,720	8,570	2,440	1,145	1,295
Non-migrants	5,720	2,880	2,835	1,130	535	605
Migrants	11,570	5,835	5,730	1,305	620	690
Internal migrants	11,475	5,790	5,685	1,230	575	655
Intraprovincial migrants	11,400	5,740	5,660	840	375	465
Interprovincial migrants	75	45	35	395	205	190
External migrants	90	50	40	75	40	35

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Montcalm, MRC [Census division], Quebec and Chester, MD [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montcalm, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Chester, Municipal district [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Montcalm, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Chester, Municipal district [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Montcalm, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Chester, Municipal district [Census subdivision], Nova Scotia