Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kirkland, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Bonnyville [Population centre], Alberta

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Kirkland, V Quebec [Census subdivision]			Bonnyville Alberta [Population centre]
	Data quality , Kirkland, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : Kirkland, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Bonnyville [Population centre], Alberta Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	20,151	...	...	5,081	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	21,253	...	...	5,860^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-5.2	...	...	-13.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	6,779	...	...	2,296	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	6,682	...	...	1,963	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,092.8	...	...	945.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	9.63	...	...	5.37	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	20,150	9,765	10,385	5,080	2,545	2,535
0 to 14 years	3,100	1,580	1,520	1,065	540	525
0 to 4 years	705	350	350	365	195	170
5 to 9 years	1,100	565	535	365	175	180
10 to 14 years	1,290	665	630	340	165	170
15 to 64 years	13,750	6,610	7,145	3,495	1,770	1,725
15 to 19 years	1,655	835	815	300	145	155
20 to 24 years	1,590	805	790	355	185	170
25 to 29 years	880	450	430	420	220	195
30 to 34 years	705	320	385	440	225	220
35 to 39 years	930	445	480	380	190	185
40 to 44 years	1,090	480	605	355	170	185
45 to 49 years	1,565	690	875	290	145	140
50 to 54 years	1,995	970	1,020	355	170	185
55 to 59 years	1,890	930	960	340	180	165
60 to 64 years	1,460	680	785	260	130	130
65 years and over	3,300	1,575	1,725	525	240	280
65 to 69 years	1,260	635	620	180	90	90
70 to 74 years	785	395	390	110	45	60
75 to 79 years	540	265	275	95	40	50
80 to 84 years	365	175	185	90	35	55
85 years and over	350	105	250	45	30	25
85 to 89 years	225	70	150	30	20	10
90 to 94 years	105	30	75	15	5	10
95 to 99 years	25	5	20	0	5	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	16.2	14.6	21.0	21.2	20.7
15 to 64 years	68.2	67.7	68.8	68.8	69.5	68.0
65 years and over	16.4	16.1	16.6	10.3	9.4	11.0
85 years and over	1.7	1.1	2.4	0.9	1.2	1.0
Average age of the population	41.9	41.1	42.5	36.2	35.7	36.6
Median age of the population	45.5	44.6	46.2	34.5	33.8	35.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	6,680	...	...	1,965	...	...
Single-detached house	5,790	...	...	1,410	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	215	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	680	...	...	370	...	...
Semi-detached house	70	...	...	140	...	...
Row house	570	...	...	50	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	20	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	35	...	...	160	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	6,680	...	...	1,960	...	...
1 person	805	...	...	445	...	...
2 persons	2,040	...	...	710	...	...
3 persons	1,355	...	...	310	...	...
4 persons	1,715	...	...	295	...	...
5 or more persons	765	...	...	200	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,930	...	...	5,070	...	...
Average household size	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	17,050	8,185	8,870	4,015	2,010	2,010
Married or living common law	10,680	5,315	5,365	2,465	1,235	1,230
Married	9,815	4,885	4,925	1,930	970	960
Living common law	870	430	440	540	265	270
Not married and not living common law	6,370	2,865	3,505	1,550	770	780
Never married	4,750	2,445	2,300	1,055	610	445
Separated	185	65	120	95	45	55
Divorced	720	220	495	235	90	145
Widowed	720	135	590	165	35	130
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	5,965	...	...	1,460	...	...
2 persons	2,250	...	...	735	...	...
3 persons	1,385	...	...	310	...	...
4 persons	1,715	...	...	270	...	...
5 or more persons	610	...	...	140	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	5,965	...	...	1,460	...	...
Total couple families	5,280	...	...	1,215	...	...
Married couples	4,845	...	...	945	...	...
Common-law couples	435	...	...	270	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	685	...	...	245	...	...
Female parent	525	...	...	200	...	...
Male parent	170	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	5,275	...	...	1,215	...	...
Couples without children	1,875	...	...	590	...	...
Couples with children	3,405	...	...	625	...	...
1 child	1,145	...	...	245	...	...
2 children	1,665	...	...	250	...	...
3 or more children	600	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	685	...	...	245	...	...
1 child	380	...	...	145	...	...
2 children	240	...	...	70	...	...
3 or more children	65	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,230	425	805	820	455	365
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	6,680	...	...	1,965	...	...
One-census-family households	5,690	...	...	1,375	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,740	...	...	555	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	3,950	...	...	820	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	140	...	...	40	...	...
Non-census-family households	860	...	...	545	...	...
One-person households	805	...	...	450	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	55	...	...	100	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	19,930	9,720	10,215	5,080	2,550	2,530
English only	3,775	1,850	1,920	4,500	2,275	2,225
French only	535	190	340	0	0	5
English and French	15,295	7,535	7,760	555	265	290
Neither English nor French	335	140	190	20	10	15
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	19,930	9,720	10,215	5,075	2,550	2,530
English	13,315	6,575	6,740	4,765	2,395	2,365
French	4,620	2,185	2,435	290	140	150
English and French	1,665	820	850	5	5	5
Neither English nor French	320	135	190	20	10	15
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,150	6,985	7,160	290	145	145
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	71.0	71.9	70.1	5.7	5.7	5.7
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	19,930	9,720	10,215	5,080	2,550	2,530
Single responses	18,885	9,200	9,685	4,965	2,490	2,475
Official languages	12,080	5,895	6,185	4,445	2,260	2,180
English	8,180	4,045	4,130	4,130	2,110	2,020
French	3,905	1,850	2,055	315	150	165
Non-official languages	6,805	3,305	3,500	520	230	290
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	30	5	20
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	25	10	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	5	25	5	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,800	3,300	3,500	490	220	270
Afro-Asiatic languages	740	380	360	50	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	740	380	360	40	25	15
Amharic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Arabic	720	370	355	40	25	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	50	50	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	90	45	45	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	30	55	140	45	90
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5	5	0	0
Malagasy	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	25	45	130	45	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	70	30	35	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	30	30	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	40	35	0	0	0
Kannada	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tamil	55	30	25	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,480	2,170	2,315	255	120	135
Albanian	5	0	5	5	5	0
Armenian	110	55	55	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	655	310	350	105	40	65
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	645	305	340	110	45	65
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Croatian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Czech	20	10	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	200	85	115	35	15	20
Russian	195	95	105	5	5	5
Serbian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slovak	25	10	10	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	15	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	90	45	50	60	30	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	220	100	120	50	25	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0	25	10	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	25	15	10	0	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	175	80	95	25	15	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	15	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	440	220	220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	830	410	420	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages	520	255	270	45	25	15
Bengali	35	20	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	110	50	55	0	5	0
Hindi	55	20	35	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	105	110	15	10	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Urdu	105	50	55	5	5	0
Iranian languages	305	155	150	5	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	300	150	150	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,225	1,075	1,150	40	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,550	760	795	0	0	0
Portuguese	155	70	85	5	0	0
Romanian	155	75	80	0	0	0
Spanish	360	165	195	35	10	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	65	30	35	25	15	15
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,005	490	515	15	5	5
Chinese languages	1,010	490	520	15	5	5
Cantonese	215	105	115	0	0	0
Hakka	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	740	365	380	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	20	20	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	75	40	40	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	70	40	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,045	520	530	115	60	60
English and French	410	195	215	25	15	20
English and non-official language	330	165	160	80	45	35
French and non-official language	145	80	65	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	165	75	90	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	19,930	9,720	10,210	5,075	2,550	2,530
Single responses	18,495	9,020	9,475	4,900	2,465	2,430
Official languages	15,575	7,610	7,960	4,725	2,385	2,340
English	12,320	6,075	6,250	4,635	2,335	2,295
French	3,245	1,535	1,710	90	50	40
Non-official languages	2,925	1,405	1,520	175	85	90
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	0	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,920	1,405	1,515	175	85	90
Afro-Asiatic languages	350	175	180	25	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	355	175	180	20	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	350	175	180	20	15	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	25	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	35	10	20
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	30	15	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	10	20	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Kannada	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	30	15	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,490	695	790	75	35	40
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	300	150	150	20	5	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	300	145	150	20	5	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Croatian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	70	30	35	10	5	5
Russian	140	70	70	5	5	5
Serbian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	25	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	20	10	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	15	10	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	75	40	40	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	505	245	260	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	295	140	150	20	10	10
Bengali	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	65	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	65	60	10	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	5	10
Urdu	60	25	30	5	0	0
Iranian languages	215	105	110	5	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	215	100	110	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	525	225	295	10	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	170	75	100	0	0	0
Portuguese	35	15	20	0	0	0
Romanian	120	55	65	0	0	0
Spanish	195	85	115	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	25	25	25	15	10
Mongolic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	825	415	410	15	5	5
Chinese languages	820	415	410	10	10	5
Cantonese	130	65	70	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	655	335	320	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	5	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	15	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	5	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,430	700	735	180	80	100
English and French	425	210	215	15	10	10
English and non-official language	605	300	300	160	75	90
French and non-official language	145	70	75	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	265	120	145	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	19,930	9,720	10,215	5,080	2,550	2,530
None	12,805	6,305	6,500	4,625	2,350	2,275
English	2,120	1,010	1,105	120	50	70
French	2,245	1,100	1,145	150	70	80
Non-official language	2,125	990	1,140	185	80	100
Aboriginal	5	5	0	20	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	2,125	985	1,135	165	70	90
English and French	235	125	115	0	0	0
English and non-official language	75	40	40	0	0	0
French and non-official language	320	150	170	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	16,830	8,135	8,695	4,005	2,005	2,000
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	15,960	7,730	8,230	3,870	1,950	1,915
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,210	49,024	33,896	46,011	67,029	32,366
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	15,965	7,730	8,230	3,870	1,950	1,915
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,754	41,466	29,819	40,640	55,851	29,781
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,920	7,325	7,595	3,645	1,895	1,750
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,504	46,933	29,836	45,554	67,328	31,168
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,755	4,570	6,185	2,100	765	1,340
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,328	3,122	5,019	4,568	5,672	4,256
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	12,200	6,185	6,010	3,235	1,720	1,515
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,794	46,093	31,950	46,322	66,464	32,000
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	16,830	8,135	8,695	4,005	2,015	1,990
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,935	7,725	8,215	3,905	1,960	1,940
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	60,660	75,855	46,376	58,226	77,565	38,665
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,940	7,725	8,215	3,910	1,965	1,945
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,175	55,854	37,071	47,380	61,362	33,271
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,045	7,370	7,670	3,655	1,885	1,770
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	58,985	75,226	43,382	57,826	77,265	37,113
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,750	4,590	6,160	2,145	815	1,330
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,387	6,810	7,818	7,441	8,054	7,064
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	12,200	6,170	6,030	3,235	1,715	1,520
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	58,860	73,052	44,338	56,010	73,282	36,574
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	16,830	8,135	8,695	4,005	2,010	1,990
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	5,845	3,260	2,585	1,550	930	620
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	65,635	77,139	58,871	63,817	81,199	46,894
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	87,937	102,963	69,008	72,176	86,073	51,168
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.0	94.7	87.7	93.2	96.4	87.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	75.2	77.8	71.0	80.5	83.6	74.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.9	5.2	12.3	6.8	4.0	12.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	16,830	8,135	8,700	4,010	2,005	2,005
Without total income	875	410	465	140	55	85
With total income	15,960	7,730	8,230	3,870	1,955	1,920
Percentage with total income	94.8	95.0	94.6	96.5	97.5	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,490	1,045	1,450	445	140	305
$10,000 to $19,999	2,390	980	1,410	440	150	285
$20,000 to $29,999	1,635	700	935	460	175	285
$30,000 to $39,999	1,420	605	815	385	115	275
$40,000 to $49,999	1,375	580	795	345	135	210
$50,000 to $59,999	1,160	500	660	310	155	155
$60,000 to $69,999	945	450	495	265	145	125
$70,000 to $79,999	820	405	420	215	135	80
$80,000 to $89,999	635	320	315	205	145	55
$90,000 to $99,999	500	290	205	160	130	35
$100,000 and over	2,580	1,850	730	630	525	110
$100,000 to $149,999	1,400	950	455	420	325	90
$150,000 and over	1,180	900	275	215	190	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	16,830	8,135	8,695	4,005	2,005	2,000
Without after-tax income	870	400	465	135	55	80
With after-tax income	15,965	7,730	8,235	3,870	1,955	1,915
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	95.0	94.7	96.6	97.5	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,645	1,080	1,565	450	140	310
$10,000 to $19,999	2,490	1,030	1,455	460	160	300
$20,000 to $29,999	1,955	840	1,115	555	195	360
$30,000 to $39,999	1,900	800	1,100	445	160	280
$40,000 to $49,999	1,630	705	925	475	210	260
$50,000 to $59,999	1,315	640	675	330	200	135
$60,000 to $69,999	985	515	470	305	205	100
$70,000 to $79,999	690	410	275	245	180	60
$80,000 and over	2,360	1,700	655	615	505	105
$80,000 to $89,999	570	380	190	175	135	45
$90,000 to $99,999	385	275	115	125	105	20
$100,000 and over	1,400	1,050	355	315	270	45
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	16,830	8,135	8,695	4,005	2,005	2,000
Without employment income	4,630	1,945	2,685	770	280	485
With employment income	12,200	6,190	6,010	3,235	1,720	1,510
Percentage with employment income	72.5	76.1	69.1	80.8	85.8	75.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,690	835	855	345	150	195
$5,000 to $9,999	1,095	460	630	195	75	120
$10,000 to $19,999	1,555	730	825	310	110	200
$20,000 to $29,999	1,055	475	580	285	90	205
$30,000 to $39,999	905	385	515	305	100	205
$40,000 to $49,999	885	345	540	275	110	165
$50,000 to $59,999	810	335	470	280	140	140
$60,000 to $69,999	645	280	365	230	130	100
$70,000 to $79,999	595	280	310	170	125	50
$80,000 and over	2,975	2,065	910	835	690	145
$80,000 to $89,999	450	255	195	160	120	35
$90,000 to $99,999	395	245	155	150	115	35
$100,000 and over	2,125	1,565	555	525	460	70
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	6,685	...	...	1,965	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	115,381	...	...	101,440	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	93,429	...	...	85,803	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	805	...	...	450	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,448	...	...	48,768	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,706	...	...	42,368	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	5,880	...	...	1,515	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	126,256	...	...	117,568	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,524	...	...	98,278	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	6,680	...	...	1,950	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	144,676	...	...	116,506	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	110,162	...	...	94,916	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	820	...	...	435	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	60,031	...	...	64,028	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,940	...	...	51,855	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	5,860	...	...	1,520	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	156,510	...	...	131,461	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	119,141	...	...	107,188	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	6,680	...	...	1,965	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80	...	...	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	120	...	...	80	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	105	...	...	50	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	125	...	...	55	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	150	...	...	55	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	155	...	...	50	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	160	...	...	50	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	360	...	...	110	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	380	...	...	110	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	350	...	...	105	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	370	...	...	105	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	375	...	...	115	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,830	...	...	1,005	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	785	...	...	240	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	690	...	...	220	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	995	...	...	300	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,360	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	6,680	...	...	1,960	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55	...	...	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	85	...	...	35	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	135	...	...	80	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	125	...	...	45	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	170	...	...	70	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	195	...	...	65	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	185	...	...	65	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	240	...	...	70	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	485	...	...	130	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	475	...	...	155	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	475	...	...	130	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	485	...	...	155	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	435	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,060	...	...	790	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	955	...	...	305	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	680	...	...	200	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,425	...	...	290	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	5,860	...	...	1,430	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,096	...	...	114,603	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,389	...	...	95,642	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,685	...	...	555	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	99,413	...	...	104,192	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,570	...	...	87,003	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,420	...	...	630	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	152,795	...	...	142,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	120,725	...	...	117,419	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	640	...	...	230	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	83,383	...	...	59,904	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	70,246	...	...	55,296	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	5,860	...	...	1,420	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	156,125	...	...	129,856	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	118,819	...	...	105,781	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,710	...	...	540	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	115,510	...	...	119,883	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,737	...	...	99,083	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,425	...	...	640	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	185,858	...	...	156,675	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	139,773	...	...	128,032	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	605	...	...	215	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	110,945	...	...	77,625	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	86,903	...	...	57,789	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	905	335	565	735	405	325
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	46,409	49,792	44,672	47,296	62,528	35,008
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	38,741	40,960	38,187	40,853	51,925	32,256
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	905	295	610	735	400	335
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	57,337	68,760	51,765	57,903	71,557	41,610
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,052	50,112	41,095	47,194	56,868	35,651
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	19,930	9,720	10,210	5,075	2,545	2,525
In the bottom half of the distribution	5,960	2,810	3,150	1,715	795	920
In the bottom decile	785	365	420	275	130	145
In the second decile	875	415	460	370	155	210
In the third decile	1,125	525	605	370	180	195
In the fourth decile	1,425	685	745	320	145	170
In the fifth decile	1,740	820	920	385	190	195
In the top half of the distribution	13,970	6,910	7,060	3,360	1,750	1,605
In the sixth decile	1,805	885	920	545	265	280
In the seventh decile	2,260	1,105	1,160	570	280	290
In the eighth decile	2,580	1,320	1,260	640	340	305
In the ninth decile	3,080	1,500	1,585	770	410	355
In the top decile	4,245	2,110	2,140	845	460	380
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	19,930	9,720	10,210	5,070	2,545	2,525
0 to 17 years	3,990	2,030	1,965	1,245	630	620
0 to 5 years	905	450	450	425	220	200
18 to 64 years	12,840	6,155	6,680	3,305	1,680	1,625
65 years and over	3,100	1,535	1,565	520	240	285
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,195	560	640	415	190	230
0 to 17 years	285	140	145	150	75	70
0 to 5 years	50	20	30	55	35	20
18 to 64 years	710	330	375	210	90	120
65 years and over	200	85	115	60	25	40
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	5.8	6.3	8.2	7.5	9.1
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	6.9	7.4	12.0	11.9	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	5.5	4.4	6.7	12.9	15.9	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	5.4	5.6	6.4	5.4	7.4
65 years and over (%)	6.5	5.5	7.3	11.5	10.4	14.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	875	400	470	200	90	110
0 to 17 years	210	100	110	70	30	45
0 to 5 years	35	15	20	25	15	5
18 to 64 years	540	250	290	125	60	65
65 years and over	115	50	70	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.1	4.6	3.9	3.5	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	4.9	5.6	5.6	4.8	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9	3.3	4.4	5.9	6.8	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.1	4.3	3.8	3.6	4.0
65 years and over (%)	3.7	3.3	4.5	1.0	0.0	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	19,930	9,720	10,210	5,090	2,550	2,540
Official languages	19,670	9,605	10,055	5,065	2,545	2,520
English	19,115	9,400	9,720	5,060	2,540	2,520
French	15,890	7,780	8,110	565	265	300
Non-official languages	9,245	4,430	4,810	705	330	375
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	35
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,240	4,425	4,810	645	300	340
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,220	615	605	125	65	60
Berber languages	15	0	0	25	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,220	615	605	115	65	50
Amharic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Arabic	1,145	575	565	110	65	55
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	65	30	35	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	50	70	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	115	45	65	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	50	90	215	85	130
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	25	15	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10	20	10	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	55	75	215	80	125
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	195	75	120	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	150	45	100	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	105	50	60	0	0	0
Kannada	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	40	15	20	0	0	0
Tamil	55	30	25	0	0	0
Telugu	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,350	3,065	3,290	295	140	160
Albanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	125	75	50	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	865	400	465	120	50	75
Baltic languages	20	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	850	390	455	125	50	75
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	85	50	35	0	0	0
Croatian	25	25	10	10	0	0
Czech	40	10	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	270	105	160	25	10	15
Russian	280	130	155	0	0	0
Serbian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	120	60	65	90	40	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	520	225	290	55	25	25
Afrikaans	0	0	0	35	20	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	30	25	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	470	200	270	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	715	320	395	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	975	535	445	70	45	25
Indo-Aryan languages	620	320	305	55	35	20
Bengali	40	20	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	100	55	45	0	0	0
Hindi	225	110	115	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	285	140	140	20	15	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Urdu	190	100	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	345	210	140	15	10	10
Kurdish	25	10	10	10	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	330	200	130	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,415	1,625	1,790	50	25	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	2,290	1,110	1,180	0	0	0
Portuguese	170	95	80	0	0	0
Romanian	95	55	40	0	0	0
Spanish	1,090	465	630	55	25	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	30	15	15	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	20	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	40	20	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	10	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,190	555	635	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,190	555	635	0	0	0
Cantonese	335	145	190	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	890	430	460	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	20	25	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	45	25	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkish	35	25	15	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	100	65	35	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	10	10	0	0
Hungarian	80	55	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	19,930	9,715	10,215	5,090	2,550	2,540
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	18,980	9,235	9,745	4,785	2,415	2,370
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,850	1,930	1,925	1,220	625	595
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	15,130	7,305	7,825	3,565	1,790	1,775
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	950	485	465	305	140	165
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	19,930	9,720	10,210	5,090	2,550	2,535
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	14,100	6,845	7,250	4,565	2,310	2,250
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	5,735	2,850	2,890	480	225	255
Before 1981	2,305	1,190	1,115	50	25	25
1981 to 1990	825	390	440	20	0	15
1991 to 2000	905	430	470	55	20	35
2001 to 2010	1,160	550	615	145	75	70
2001 to 2005	705	340	370	70	45	25
2006 to 2010	455	215	240	75	30	40
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	545	290	250	205	95	115
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	95	20	75	45	20	30
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	5,735	2,850	2,890	480	225	255
Under 5 years	755	360	395	45	20	20
5 to 14 years	1,045	600	445	115	50	65
15 to 24 years	1,215	555	660	65	35	30
25 to 44 years	2,375	1,170	1,205	205	85	115
45 years and over	345	170	185	50	25	25
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	5,740	2,850	2,885	480	220	255
Americas	670	315	355	60	20	40
Brazil	25	0	20	0	10	0
Colombia	50	20	35	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guyana	45	20	25	0	0	0
Haiti	60	20	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	30	30	10	10	0
Mexico	75	40	40	10	0	15
Peru	25	10	15	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	55	25	30	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	160	100	65	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Americas	95	45	50	0	0	0
Europe	1,810	945	870	80	40	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatia	20	15	10	10	0	10
France	125	50	75	0	0	0
Germany	150	60	90	10	0	10
Greece	140	75	65	0	0	0
Hungary	35	20	15	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	0	10	10	0
Italy	450	235	215	0	0	0
Netherlands	15	20	0	0	0	0
Poland	110	50	65	15	0	0
Portugal	45	25	20	0	0	0
Romania	90	50	40	0	0	0
Russian Federation	75	35	35	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	20	15	0	0	0
Ukraine	50	20	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	185	110	75	50	20	30
Other places of birth in Europe	250	140	115	0	0	0
Africa	865	415	450	55	30	30
Algeria	70	45	25	20	10	10
Egypt	500	230	275	0	0	10
Ethiopia	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kenya	10	10	10	0	0	0
Morocco	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Africa	180	95	90	0	0	0
Asia	2,370	1,170	1,200	275	130	140
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	35	20	20	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	650	330	320	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	55	60	10	0	0
India	400	220	180	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	185	95	95	40	30	10
Pakistan	95	40	55	10	0	0
Philippines	115	50	70	170	70	100
Sri Lanka	35	15	20	35	15	15
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	40	10	30	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	80	35	45	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	315	145	175	10	10	10
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	20	10	10	10	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	540	290	250	205	95	110
Americas	55	40	15	25	0	20
Brazil	15	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30	30	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	45	30	15	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	0	0	0
Africa	55	25	30	35	20	20
Algeria	0	0	0	25	10	10
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	55	25	30	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	385	200	185	145	75	75
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	270	150	125	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	10	10	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	45	25	20	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	10	10	0	110	55	50
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	35	20	15
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	15	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	19,930	9,715	10,210	5,090	2,550	2,535
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	5,965	2,955	3,015	545	250	290
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	5,990	2,885	3,105	520	235	285
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	7,975	3,880	4,095	4,020	2,065	1,955
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	3,535	1,730	1,805	425	195	230
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,360	1,250	1,105	275	135	140
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	980	640	340	85	50	35
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,380	615	765	190	85	110
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	890	325	560	130	50	80
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	270	145	130	25	15	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	19,930	9,715	10,215	5,090	2,550	2,535
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	100	40	60	660	325	335
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	95	45	50	660	325	335
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	70	30	35	255	100	155
Métis	15	0	15	400	225	180
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	19,825	9,675	10,150	4,435	2,225	2,200
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	19,930	9,720	10,210	5,090	2,550	2,540
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	30	10	20	295	130	165
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,900	9,705	10,190	4,795	2,425	2,370
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	19,930	9,720	10,210	5,090	2,550	2,540
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	35	20	10	150	85	60
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	35	20	15	135	75	60
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	30	15	10	75	25	45
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	60	50	15
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	260	100	160	595	315	280
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	255	100	155	550	295	260
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	210	75	135	230	95	140
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	15	20	315	190	120
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	40	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	35	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	19,635	9,595	10,040	4,345	2,155	2,190
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	19,930	9,720	10,210	5,090	2,555	2,535
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	4,815	2,375	2,440	490	205	280
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,030	540	490	55	35	25
Chinese	1,440	680	765	10	0	10
Black	535	265	265	30	15	10
Filipino	175	65	105	240	90	150
Latin American	195	85	110	25	0	25
Arab	755	370	385	110	65	45
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	145	60	85	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	270	160	110	0	0	0
Korean	35	0	30	0	0	0
Japanese	30	10	15	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	60	35	25	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	150	95	55	15	10	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	15,120	7,340	7,775	4,600	2,345	2,255
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	19,930	9,720	10,210	5,090	2,550	2,540
North American Aboriginal origins	290	120	175	745	400	345
First Nations (North American Indian)	240	95	145	360	140	215
Inuit	20	15	10	15	15	0
Métis	35	15	20	435	275	165
Other North American origins	4,770	2,240	2,535	1,545	795	755
Acadian	50	10	40	0	0	0
American	255	105	145	30	15	15
Canadian	4,475	2,125	2,345	1,520	770	745
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Québécois	135	50	90	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	12,670	6,205	6,465	3,610	1,780	1,825
British Isles origins	4,700	2,235	2,470	2,065	1,050	1,025
Channel Islander	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	10	0	0
English	1,765	850	915	1,155	570	580
Irish	2,305	1,015	1,285	900	465	435
Manx	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish	1,835	910	930	765	380	385
Welsh	170	75	90	80	30	40
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	555	275	275	50	20	25
French origins	3,035	1,450	1,585	1,330	670	660
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	3,030	1,445	1,580	1,330	670	660
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,470	720	750	1,115	555	560
Austrian	110	50	60	50	15	30
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	200	105	95	15	0	20
Dutch	195	105	95	210	110	95
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	910	430	480	935	460	480
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	140	90	50	40	40	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	205	85	120	420	170	250
Danish	35	10	25	45	15	25
Finnish	30	15	15	15	10	15
Icelandic	30	20	10	40	25	10
Norwegian	65	25	35	240	85	150
Swedish	25	10	15	95	40	55
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	30	10	15	10	0	0
Eastern European origins	2,320	1,140	1,170	1,015	505	510
Bulgarian	120	75	50	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Czech	90	30	55	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	30	15	20	10	10	0
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	245	140	100	35	25	10
Latvian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	80	50	30	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	835	380	450	325	185	140
Romanian	185	90	95	35	15	20
Russian	425	215	210	80	45	35
Slovak	65	35	25	25	15	10
Ukrainian	535	270	265	750	345	405
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	40	30	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	5,440	2,700	2,740	190	80	110
Albanian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	55	35	20	20	0	20
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	1,080	515	560	0	0	0
Italian	3,815	1,870	1,945	120	70	50
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	15	10	10	20	10	10
Montenegrin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	290	145	150	15	0	15
Serbian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	50	30	25	0	0	0
Spanish	345	215	130	20	0	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	25	0	25	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	115	70	50	30	20	10
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	95	55	40	20	10	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	15	15	0	10	0	0
Caribbean origins	385	180	205	15	10	0
Antiguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	35	15	25	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dominican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	175	85	90	0	0	0
Jamaican	110	45	60	20	10	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	10	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	420	215	205	55	15	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	20	10	10	20	15	0
Chilean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Colombian	90	35	50	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	0	0	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	100	55	45	25	0	25
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	45	20	30	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	30	15	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	1,370	690	680	60	30	25
Central and West African origins	95	50	45	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	40	20	25	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Guinean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	20	15	10	0	0	0
North African origins	1,080	550	525	40	20	20
Algerian	70	40	30	25	10	15
Berber	25	15	10	0	0	0
Coptic	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	835	405	430	15	10	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	110	75	35	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	80	25	55	10	0	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	20	0	15	10	10	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Zulu	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	125	65	60	0	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	130	65	65	0	0	0
Asian origins	4,795	2,380	2,410	440	195	250
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,815	915	900	120	70	50
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	110	55	50	10	0	0
Armenian	290	145	145	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	390	190	200	0	0	0
Iraqi	25	10	20	0	0	0
Israeli	35	15	20	0	0	0
Jordanian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kazakh	20	15	10	0	0	0
Kurd	30	20	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	670	320	350	105	60	45
Palestinian	70	40	35	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	125	70	55	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	85	60	30	15	10	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	50	25	20	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,130	610	520	60	35	25
Bangladeshi	40	25	20	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	875	465	410	0	0	0
Goan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	15	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	150	90	60	25	20	0
Punjabi	55	15	35	25	15	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	40	25	20	30	15	20
Tamil	15	0	15	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,910	895	1,020	265	90	175
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chinese	1,495	720	770	30	15	15
Filipino	210	95	110	245	85	155
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	30	15	15	10	0	10
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	65	25	35	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	25	10	15	10	0	10
Mongolian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	120	55	70	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	45	15	30	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	45	15	30	0	0	0
Oceania origins	20	15	10	15	10	10
Australian	0	10	0	15	0	10
New Zealander	20	15	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	6,680	...	...	1,950	...	...
Owner	6,310	...	...	1,500	...	...
Renter	370	...	...	455	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	6,680	...	...	1,955	...	...
Condominium	475	...	...	105	...	...
Not condominium	6,210	...	...	1,850	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	6,680	...	...	1,950	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	75	...	...	75	...	...
2 bedrooms	460	...	...	305	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,895	...	...	595	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,250	...	...	975	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	6,685	...	...	1,955	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	320	...	...	270	...	...
5 rooms	415	...	...	355	...	...
6 rooms	725	...	...	275	...	...
7 rooms	890	...	...	285	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,335	...	...	765	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.3	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	6,685	...	...	1,955	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,650	...	...	1,940	...	...
More than 1 person per room	35	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	6,680	...	...	1,955	...	...
Suitable	6,575	...	...	1,885	...	...
Not suitable	105	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	6,685	...	...	1,955	...	...
1960 or before	125	...	...	200	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,820	...	...	625	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,120	...	...	395	...	...
1991 to 2000	935	...	...	265	...	...
2001 to 2005	455	...	...	125	...	...
2006 to 2010	185	...	...	170	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	45	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	6,680	...	...	1,950	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	6,390	...	...	1,790	...	...
Major repairs needed	295	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	6,680	...	...	1,955	...	...
1 household maintainer	3,305	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 household maintainers	3,240	...	...	725	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	135	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	6,680	...	...	1,950	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	80	...	...
25 to 34 years	315	...	...	375	...	...
35 to 44 years	865	...	...	405	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,845	...	...	380	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,830	...	...	375	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,160	...	...	175	...	...
75 to 84 years	560	...	...	105	...	...
85 years and over	95	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	6,675	...	...	1,935	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,655	...	...	1,570	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,020	...	...	365	...	...
30% to less than 100%	845	...	...	305	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,310	...	...	1,495	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	51.9	...	...	68.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.6	...	...	13.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,158	...	...	1,540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,374	...	...	1,534	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	489,726	...	...	350,172	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	526,075	...	...	359,935	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	365	...	...	450	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	0.0	...	...	8.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	44.6	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,093	...	...	1,202	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,240	...	...	1,280	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	16,830	8,135	8,695	4,000	2,010	1,990
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,430	715	715	845	465	380
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,425	1,555	1,870	1,100	500	600
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,975	5,865	6,110	2,060	1,050	1,010
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,015	585	430	550	430	120
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	665	370	300	150	100	50
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	350	220	130	395	330	65
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	3,640	1,585	2,055	920	375	545
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	660	275	380	145	40	100
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,655	3,410	3,245	445	205	240
Bachelor's degree	4,260	2,035	2,230	400	170	235
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	595	315	275	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	160	110	55	15	15	0
Master's degree	1,345	735	600	20	10	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	300	215	85	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	10,475	4,960	5,515	2,825	1,450	1,375
No certificate, diploma or degree	285	160	120	390	230	155
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,565	675	890	705	340	365
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,625	4,120	4,500	1,730	880	850
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	680	375	300	435	355	80
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	460	235	225	115	75	35
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	220	150	75	325	280	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,165	950	1,220	805	325	480
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	465	185	275	105	20	75
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,310	2,605	2,705	390	175	210
Bachelor's degree	3,415	1,570	1,840	345	140	205
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	465	250	215	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	70	50	15	15	0
Master's degree	1,070	555	510	15	15	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	240	160	80	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	16,830	8,135	8,700	4,005	2,010	1,995
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,860	2,270	2,585	1,940	960	985
Education	550	95	450	140	50	90
13. Education	550	100	450	140	50	95
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	410	145	265	30	10	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	390	130	260	25	10	25
Humanities	665	165	495	75	35	40
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	160	10	160	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	85	35	55	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	245	70	180	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	20	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	10	40	15	20
54. History	65	30	30	20	10	10
55. French language and literature/letters	60	0	65	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,685	630	1,055	95	20	75
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125	45	80	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	195	15	185	50	0	45
22. Legal professions and studies	220	90	130	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	20	0	15	0	0	0
42. Psychology	225	60	165	15	10	10
45. Social sciences	890	420	475	10	10	10
Business, management and public administration	3,525	1,685	1,835	365	100	260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	65	10	55	30	0	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,455	1,675	1,780	330	95	230
Physical and life sciences and technologies	970	500	475	20	15	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	135	200	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	170	145	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	55	30	20	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	255	160	100	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	15	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	685	445	240	55	20	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	515	355	160	45	20	20
25. Library science	20	0	20	15	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	75	50	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	10	20	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,965	1,685	280	710	655	60
04. Architecture and related services	65	40	25	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,135	930	210	35	30	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	290	265	25	95	95	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	135	135	0	190	170	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	230	225	10	305	280	25
48. Precision production	105	100	0	90	85	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	120	65	55	65	35	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	70	50	15	30	10	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	10	35	35	25	15
Health and related fields	1,065	275	785	350	45	310
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	110	45	60	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	905	205	700	335	30	310
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	30	30	0	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	335	165	165	145	60	85
12. Personal and culinary services	195	50	150	80	20	60
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	50	40	0	15	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	80	70	10	45	35	15
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	10,475	4,960	5,515	2,820	1,450	1,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,850	835	1,015	1,095	565	525
Education	335	45	290	105	35	70
13. Education	335	45	290	110	35	75
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	280	115	170	30	0	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	265	100	160	20	0	15
Humanities	435	120	320	55	20	35
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	110	10	105	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	65	25	40	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	150	45	105	20	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	10	25	15	15
54. History	40	25	20	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	40	0	40	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,170	415	760	90	15	65
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	75	15	55	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	170	15	160	50	0	50
22. Legal professions and studies	170	55	110	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	15	0	0	0
42. Psychology	190	60	130	15	10	10
45. Social sciences	540	270	270	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	2,685	1,265	1,420	335	95	240
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	65	15	55	30	10	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,620	1,255	1,370	300	85	210
Physical and life sciences and technologies	560	250	310	20	15	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	100	150	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	50	50	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	185	95	90	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	550	340	210	45	20	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	450	300	155	35	20	20
25. Library science	10	0	10	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	30	0	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	0	15	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,475	1,220	255	610	560	50
04. Architecture and related services	60	30	25	10	0	0
14. Engineering	910	710	195	25	20	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	210	190	20	85	85	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	85	85	0	170	160	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	140	135	10	250	230	20
48. Precision production	70	65	10	70	70	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	85	45	40	55	25	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	45	35	15	15	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	40	10	30	35	25	15
Health and related fields	805	190	615	265	30	235
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	90	40	50	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	665	130	535	265	30	235
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	45	20	30	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	235	120	120	130	55	75
12. Personal and culinary services	145	40	105	70	15	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	25	20	10	15	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	65	50	10	45	35	15
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	16,830	8,135	8,695	4,005	2,015	1,990
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,860	2,275	2,585	1,945	965	985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	11,975	5,865	6,110	2,065	1,050	1,010
Location of study inside Canada	9,840	4,790	5,055	1,840	955	885
Same as province or territory of residence	9,160	4,425	4,735	1,410	790	620
Different than province or territory of residence	680	360	320	430	170	265
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,135	1,075	1,060	220	90	125
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	250	190	60	20	15	10
Philippines	55	20	35	125	40	80
India	150	55	95	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	135	90	45	15	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	265	105	155	0	0	0
France	75	50	25	0	0	0
Other	1,205	560	640	60	35	25
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	10,470	4,955	5,515	2,820	1,445	1,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,855	840	1,015	1,095	570	525
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	8,620	4,120	4,505	1,730	885	850
Location of study inside Canada	7,095	3,395	3,695	1,535	800	730
Same as province or territory of residence	6,525	3,105	3,420	1,135	655	485
Different than province or territory of residence	570	295	280	390	150	250
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,525	720	805	200	80	115
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	175	135	45	15	10	0
Philippines	30	10	25	110	30	75
India	100	30	70	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	85	55	35	15	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	235	95	145	0	0	0
France	55	35	20	0	0	0
Other	840	370	470	60	35	25
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	16,830	8,135	8,700	4,005	2,015	1,990
In the labour force	11,245	5,780	5,465	2,970	1,590	1,385
Employed	10,585	5,445	5,135	2,650	1,380	1,270
Unemployed	665	335	330	320	210	110
Not in the labour force	5,585	2,355	3,230	1,030	420	610
Participation rate	66.8	71.1	62.8	74.2	78.9	69.6
Employment rate	62.9	66.9	59.0	66.2	68.5	63.8
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.8	6.0	10.8	13.2	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	16,830	8,135	8,695	4,005	2,010	1,995
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	5,100	2,095	3,005	825	310	510
Worked	11,725	6,040	5,695	3,180	1,695	1,485
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	6,025	3,390	2,640	1,590	965	635
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	5,700	2,645	3,050	1,585	740	850
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.4	42.4	42.7	44.0	41.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	11,245	5,780	5,465	2,975	1,590	1,380
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	210	140	70	40	25	15
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	11,035	5,640	5,400	2,935	1,560	1,370
Employee	9,460	4,570	4,890	2,635	1,355	1,275
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,575	1,070	505	295	205	95
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	11,245	5,780	5,465	2,970	1,590	1,385
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	210	135	70	40	30	15
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	11,035	5,640	5,395	2,930	1,565	1,365
0 Management occupations	2,035	1,365	670	160	100	60
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,385	790	1,595	465	85	380
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,290	960	330	85	45	40
3 Health occupations	650	170	475	205	25	180
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,070	310	765	240	100	145
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	370	170	205	50	15	30
6 Sales and service occupations	2,490	1,230	1,255	685	245	445
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	550	505	40	670	620	50
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	35	30	0	240	215	25
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	170	115	55	120	110	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	11,245	5,780	5,465	2,975	1,595	1,380
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	210	140	70	40	25	15
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	11,040	5,645	5,395	2,935	1,565	1,365
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	25	10	20	30	25	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	630	510	120
22 Utilities	45	25	15	25	20	0
23 Construction	335	290	45	285	230	55
31-33 Manufacturing	1,260	815	445	75	50	20
41 Wholesale trade	935	520	415	55	30	20
44-45 Retail trade	1,345	605	745	270	120	145
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	700	425	270	135	115	25
51 Information and cultural industries	380	230	150	15	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	660	355	310	70	10	65
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	285	150	135	60	30	30
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,455	910	540	130	50	80
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	25	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	310	165	140	85	40	50
61 Educational services	780	220	560	175	55	115
62 Health care and social assistance	960	195	765	340	50	290
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	240	130	110	25	10	15
72 Accommodation and food services	645	315	330	270	110	160
81 Other services (except public administration)	345	145	200	155	65	90
91 Public administration	285	125	160	105	40	60
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	10,585	5,450	5,135	2,650	1,375	1,275
Worked at home	1,080	580	495	110	25	80
Worked outside Canada	95	80	15	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	705	490	215	545	425	115
Worked at usual place	8,705	4,295	4,410	2,000	930	1,075
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	8,705	4,295	4,405	2,000	930	1,075
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	865	320	540	1,640	730	915
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,145	3,500	3,645	280	135	140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	645	440	205	55	45	10
Commute to a different province or territory	50	35	10	25	20	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	9,410	4,785	4,620	2,545	1,355	1,190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	7,455	3,965	3,490	2,100	1,130	970
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	550	200	355	180	100	75
Public transit	1,090	490	605	20	20	0
Walked	195	60	135	220	80	145
Bicycle	35	40	0	10	0	0
Other method	80	35	45	15	10	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	9,405	4,785	4,625	2,545	1,350	1,190
Less than 15 minutes	2,170	870	1,305	1,460	660	800
15 to 29 minutes	3,065	1,590	1,475	390	175	215
30 to 44 minutes	2,030	1,185	850	265	160	105
45 to 59 minutes	960	545	415	190	155	35
60 minutes and over	1,180	600	580	235	205	35
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	9,410	4,785	4,625	2,545	1,355	1,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	320	225	95	300	245	60
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,280	715	560	480	350	135
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,990	1,490	1,505	670	375	295
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,335	1,185	1,155	535	145	390
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,425	610	815	160	40	120
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,060	565	500	400	205	195
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	12,000	6,130	5,865	3,220	1,705	1,515
Single responses	9,855	5,100	4,755	3,215	1,700	1,515
Official languages	9,775	5,070	4,710	3,210	1,695	1,510
English	6,965	3,590	3,375	3,190	1,685	1,505
French	2,815	1,480	1,340	20	0	10
Non-official languages	75	35	45	10	10	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	75	35	45	0	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	15	0	10	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	20	40	0	0	0
Chinese languages	55	25	35	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	25	30	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,145	1,030	1,110	0	10	0
English and French	2,030	965	1,060	10	0	0
English and non-official language	50	40	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	50	20	30	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	12,000	6,135	5,865	3,220	1,705	1,515
None	4,900	2,480	2,415	3,085	1,650	1,435
English	2,205	1,205	1,000	10	10	0
French	4,590	2,250	2,335	90	30	60
Non-official language	210	130	80	40	20	20
Aboriginal	0	0	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	205	130	80	25	15	15
English and French	0	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	30	15	15	0	0	0
French and non-official language	60	45	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	19,780	9,635	10,145	5,015	2,500	2,515
Non-movers	18,765	9,180	9,595	4,115	2,110	2,005
Movers	1,015	460	555	895	390	510
Non-migrants	480	230	250	575	240	335
Migrants	530	225	305	320	150	175
Internal migrants	435	185	245	270	140	135
Intraprovincial migrants	395	170	225	215	110	105
Interprovincial migrants	40	15	25	55	30	30
External migrants	100	40	60	45	10	40
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	19,190	9,350	9,835	4,730	2,345	2,385
Non-movers	15,240	7,485	7,750	2,510	1,295	1,210
Movers	3,955	1,865	2,085	2,220	1,045	1,175
Non-migrants	1,640	755	890	1,205	585	615
Migrants	2,315	1,115	1,195	1,020	460	555
Internal migrants	1,690	830	860	830	395	435
Intraprovincial migrants	1,520	750	770	570	260	310
Interprovincial migrants	170	80	85	260	130	125
External migrants	620	285	335	190	70	120

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Kirkland, V [Census subdivision], Quebec and Bonnyville [Population centre], Alberta (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 18, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kirkland, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Bonnyville [Population centre], Alberta

Census Profile, 2016 Census Kirkland, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Bonnyville [Population centre], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Kirkland, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Bonnyville [Population centre], Alberta