Census Profile, 2016 Census
Le Haut-Saint-Laurent, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Pontiac, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Le Haut-Saint-Laurent, MRC Quebec [Census division]			Pontiac, MÉ Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Le Haut-Saint-Laurent, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec Map : Le Haut-Saint-Laurent, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Pontiac, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	22,454	...	...	5,850	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	21,197	...	...	5,681	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	12,016	...	...	2,664	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	9,666	...	...	2,252	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	19.1	...	...	13.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,173.51	...	...	448.15	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	22,455	11,350	11,105	5,850	3,025	2,825
0 to 14 years	3,495	1,795	1,700	1,145	590	555
0 to 4 years	1,235	630	605	345	185	165
5 to 9 years	1,160	605	550	415	210	210
10 to 14 years	1,105	560	545	380	195	180
15 to 64 years	14,060	7,185	6,875	3,895	1,995	1,895
15 to 19 years	1,180	595	585	305	155	150
20 to 24 years	1,155	610	545	285	135	140
25 to 29 years	1,090	545	545	265	135	135
30 to 34 years	1,115	570	540	400	200	200
35 to 39 years	1,125	565	555	380	185	195
40 to 44 years	1,150	575	575	395	215	185
45 to 49 years	1,440	750	690	445	220	230
50 to 54 years	1,895	960	935	525	270	250
55 to 59 years	2,130	1,080	1,045	490	270	220
60 to 64 years	1,780	930	850	400	210	185
65 years and over	4,895	2,370	2,530	815	435	380
65 to 69 years	1,705	880	830	325	185	145
70 to 74 years	1,295	665	630	240	125	120
75 to 79 years	795	390	405	125	75	55
80 to 84 years	565	225	335	70	35	35
85 years and over	535	205	330	50	20	30
85 to 89 years	355	155	205	40	20	20
90 to 94 years	140	45	95	10	5	5
95 to 99 years	35	10	30	5	0	0
100 years and over	5	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.6	15.8	15.3	19.6	19.5	19.6
15 to 64 years	62.6	63.3	61.9	66.6	66.0	67.1
65 years and over	21.8	20.9	22.8	13.9	14.4	13.5
85 years and over	2.4	1.8	3.0	0.9	0.7	1.1
Average age of the population	44.4	43.8	44.9	39.9	40.2	39.5
Median age of the population	48.4	48.0	48.8	41.9	42.4	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	9,670	...	...	2,250	...	...
Single-detached house	8,140	...	...	2,095	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,380	...	...	150	...	...
Semi-detached house	295	...	...	45	...	...
Row house	30	...	...	20	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	355	...	...	45	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	650	...	...	30	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	15	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	150	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	9,665	...	...	2,255	...	...
1 person	2,945	...	...	475	...	...
2 persons	3,740	...	...	850	...	...
3 persons	1,305	...	...	355	...	...
4 persons	1,025	...	...	370	...	...
5 or more persons	650	...	...	205	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,045	...	...	5,825	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	18,960	9,555	9,400	4,710	2,430	2,275
Married or living common law	11,275	5,640	5,630	3,120	1,560	1,560
Married	7,175	3,585	3,585	2,170	1,085	1,085
Living common law	4,105	2,055	2,045	950	480	475
Not married and not living common law	7,685	3,915	3,775	1,585	870	715
Never married	4,885	2,820	2,065	1,085	635	445
Separated	280	150	130	75	40	35
Divorced	1,235	640	595	270	145	120
Widowed	1,285	300	985	160	50	115
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	6,565	...	...	1,770	...	...
2 persons	3,810	...	...	895	...	...
3 persons	1,250	...	...	355	...	...
4 persons	985	...	...	365	...	...
5 or more persons	520	...	...	145	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	6,565	...	...	1,770	...	...
Total couple families	5,550	...	...	1,550	...	...
Married couples	3,505	...	...	1,075	...	...
Common-law couples	2,050	...	...	475	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,010	...	...	220	...	...
Female parent	725	...	...	140	...	...
Male parent	285	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	5,550	...	...	1,550	...	...
Couples without children	3,190	...	...	750	...	...
Couples with children	2,365	...	...	800	...	...
1 child	980	...	...	305	...	...
2 children	885	...	...	350	...	...
3 or more children	495	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,015	...	...	220	...	...
1 child	620	...	...	140	...	...
2 children	270	...	...	55	...	...
3 or more children	125	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,905	2,080	1,825	690	405	285
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	9,665	...	...	2,250	...	...
One-census-family households	6,345	...	...	1,680	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,115	...	...	715	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	3,230	...	...	965	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	110	...	...	40	...	...
Non-census-family households	3,210	...	...	530	...	...
One-person households	2,950	...	...	470	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	265	...	...	55	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	22,160	11,230	10,930	5,830	3,015	2,820
English only	3,570	1,760	1,815	1,330	730	595
French only	7,660	3,770	3,895	755	380	370
English and French	10,915	5,695	5,225	3,750	1,895	1,855
Neither English nor French	10	10	0	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	22,160	11,230	10,935	5,830	3,010	2,820
English	7,490	3,760	3,730	2,440	1,255	1,185
French	14,430	7,335	7,095	3,325	1,730	1,595
English and French	225	120	105	70	35	40
Neither English nor French	10	5	0	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	7,610	3,825	3,785	2,470	1,265	1,205
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	34.3	34.1	34.6	42.4	42.0	42.7
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	22,160	11,230	10,930	5,835	3,010	2,820
Single responses	21,695	10,985	10,705	5,675	2,945	2,730
Official languages	20,915	10,610	10,300	5,490	2,855	2,635
English	6,730	3,400	3,330	2,250	1,160	1,080
French	14,185	7,215	6,970	3,240	1,690	1,550
Non-official languages	780	375	405	185	90	95
Aboriginal languages	295	120	170	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	285	120	160	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	285	120	165	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	490	255	235	185	90	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	20	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	0	15	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	20	10	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	10	10	0	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	5	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	410	215	195	145	70	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Armenian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	35	35	30	15	10
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	70	35	35	30	15	15
Belarusan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	5	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	5	5	0
Russian	20	10	15	10	0	5
Serbian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0	5	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	180	90	90	35	15	15
Afrikaans	0	5	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dutch	35	15	20	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	140	80	60	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	30	15	15	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	60	60	75	35	40
Catalan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	45	25	20	10	5	5
Portuguese	5	0	10	35	15	15
Romanian	5	5	5	10	5	0
Spanish	55	30	25	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	5	20	5	5	5
Chinese languages	25	10	20	5	5	5
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	15	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	5	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	15	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	465	240	225	155	65	90
English and French	400	200	195	125	50	75
English and non-official language	45	25	20	15	10	5
French and non-official language	10	10	0	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language	15	5	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	22,165	11,230	10,935	5,830	3,010	2,820
Single responses	21,585	10,940	10,645	5,680	2,945	2,735
Official languages	21,375	10,825	10,550	5,645	2,925	2,715
English	7,450	3,750	3,700	2,705	1,395	1,310
French	13,925	7,080	6,850	2,935	1,525	1,410
Non-official languages	215	110	100	40	25	20
Aboriginal languages	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	55	25	30	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	155	85	65	40	20	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	120	70	55	30	20	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	15	10	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	15	10	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Russian	10	5	0	5	5	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	20	20	5	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	40	20	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	30	15	15	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	0	5	0	5
Romanian	5	5	5	5	5	0
Spanish	25	20	10	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	5	0	0
Chinese languages	20	5	10	0	5	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	575	290	285	150	70	85
English and French	445	225	220	130	55	75
English and non-official language	95	45	50	10	5	5
French and non-official language	25	15	10	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	15	5	10	10	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	22,165	11,230	10,935	5,830	3,010	2,820
None	18,630	9,490	9,145	4,310	2,260	2,055
English	1,645	805	840	850	435	415
French	1,370	680	680	555	270	285
Non-official language	460	220	240	80	35	45
Aboriginal	275	125	150	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	185	90	90	80	35	45
English and French	20	10	5	5	5	0
English and non-official language	20	10	10	10	5	0
French and non-official language	20	10	5	25	10	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	18,575	9,410	9,165	4,680	2,415	2,270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	17,870	9,075	8,795	4,490	2,315	2,175
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,202	31,112	23,610	37,840	39,584	35,612
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	17,875	9,075	8,800	4,495	2,320	2,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,069	28,120	22,410	32,963	33,963	31,936
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,905	7,740	7,170	3,965	2,065	1,900
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,416	29,097	19,954	35,828	38,199	33,835
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	14,600	7,235	7,365	3,250	1,570	1,680
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,642	7,679	9,452	7,915	7,768	8,022
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	11,665	6,280	5,390	3,330	1,750	1,580
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,496	29,060	22,125	36,192	38,374	34,432
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	18,570	9,430	9,145	4,680	2,440	2,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	17,810	9,075	8,730	4,525	2,365	2,160
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,242	39,073	29,219	44,182	46,389	41,764
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	17,810	9,080	8,735	4,525	2,365	2,160
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,287	32,679	25,760	36,057	37,399	34,586
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,915	7,775	7,145	3,995	2,095	1,905
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,603	37,535	25,149	42,885	46,011	39,448
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,520	7,235	7,290	3,305	1,660	1,645
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,534	8,711	10,350	8,636	8,095	9,181
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	11,670	6,355	5,310	3,330	1,740	1,590
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,615	35,460	27,015	42,911	46,110	39,414
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	18,570	9,430	9,145	4,680	2,440	2,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	5,460	3,215	2,250	1,730	925	805
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	38,409	41,501	34,010	56,629	61,064	51,799
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	43,816	48,403	37,261	59,435	63,657	54,556
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	77.3	81.9	71.3	85.6	87.8	82.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	60.5	63.7	56.3	70.5	72.7	67.9
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	22.7	18.1	28.7	14.5	12.3	17.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	18,570	9,410	9,165	4,680	2,415	2,265
Without total income	705	335	370	190	95	90
With total income	17,870	9,075	8,795	4,490	2,320	2,175
Percentage with total income	96.2	96.4	96.0	95.9	96.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,700	1,215	1,485	575	275	300
$10,000 to $19,999	3,845	1,655	2,190	730	350	385
$20,000 to $29,999	3,185	1,510	1,675	520	275	245
$30,000 to $39,999	2,650	1,415	1,235	530	275	255
$40,000 to $49,999	2,025	1,110	915	455	230	225
$50,000 to $59,999	1,195	705	490	415	205	205
$60,000 to $69,999	750	460	290	375	200	180
$70,000 to $79,999	520	325	195	280	160	125
$80,000 to $89,999	360	225	130	195	105	90
$90,000 to $99,999	180	120	65	130	70	65
$100,000 and over	460	340	120	275	185	95
$100,000 to $149,999	330	240	85	210	135	75
$150,000 and over	135	100	40	65	45	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	18,575	9,410	9,165	4,680	2,415	2,270
Without after-tax income	695	330	365	185	95	95
With after-tax income	17,880	9,075	8,795	4,495	2,315	2,175
Percentage with after-tax income	96.3	96.4	96.0	96.0	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,790	1,240	1,550	595	280	320
$10,000 to $19,999	4,050	1,770	2,285	785	375	410
$20,000 to $29,999	3,855	1,895	1,960	640	345	290
$30,000 to $39,999	3,190	1,755	1,440	670	350	320
$40,000 to $49,999	1,760	1,010	750	605	315	295
$50,000 to $59,999	1,030	615	415	505	255	250
$60,000 to $69,999	545	335	210	285	155	130
$70,000 to $79,999	270	185	90	190	110	80
$80,000 and over	385	275	115	220	140	75
$80,000 to $89,999	135	90	45	90	55	35
$90,000 to $99,999	75	60	15	50	35	20
$100,000 and over	175	125	50	85	55	25
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	18,575	9,410	9,165	4,680	2,415	2,270
Without employment income	6,905	3,135	3,775	1,350	665	685
With employment income	11,670	6,275	5,390	3,330	1,745	1,585
Percentage with employment income	62.8	66.7	58.8	71.2	72.3	69.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,820	950	865	440	220	220
$5,000 to $9,999	1,035	445	590	235	105	125
$10,000 to $19,999	2,010	975	1,035	400	215	185
$20,000 to $29,999	1,755	855	900	380	195	180
$30,000 to $39,999	1,610	875	740	325	160	160
$40,000 to $49,999	1,225	705	520	305	155	155
$50,000 to $59,999	715	455	255	285	140	150
$60,000 to $69,999	455	310	140	305	165	135
$70,000 to $79,999	370	220	150	210	115	95
$80,000 and over	665	480	185	450	280	170
$80,000 to $89,999	230	165	70	160	90	75
$90,000 to $99,999	140	90	50	95	60	35
$100,000 and over	295	225	70	190	130	60
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	9,665	...	...	2,250	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	50,777	...	...	77,952	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	46,058	...	...	66,194	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	2,945	...	...	475	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,360	...	...	32,896	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,112	...	...	28,736	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	6,720	...	...	1,780	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	64,256	...	...	91,776	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	57,327	...	...	77,033	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	9,665	...	...	2,250	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	63,098	...	...	88,756	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,967	...	...	72,433	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,950	...	...	475	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,618	...	...	40,255	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,227	...	...	32,460	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	6,715	...	...	1,780	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,481	...	...	101,672	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,268	...	...	83,079	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	9,665	...	...	2,250	...	...
Under $5,000	165	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	385	...	...	45	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	605	...	...	70	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	595	...	...	75	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	495	...	...	70	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	650	...	...	90	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	580	...	...	85	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	560	...	...	75	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	545	...	...	105	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	950	...	...	160	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	770	...	...	170	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	665	...	...	145	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	560	...	...	140	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	430	...	...	145	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,535	...	...	810	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	715	...	...	270	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	355	...	...	215	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	285	...	...	220	...	...
$200,000 and over	180	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	9,665	...	...	2,250	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	385	...	...	45	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	635	...	...	75	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	660	...	...	85	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	585	...	...	90	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	740	...	...	95	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	705	...	...	105	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	610	...	...	115	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	610	...	...	115	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,085	...	...	225	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	905	...	...	190	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	680	...	...	210	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	485	...	...	165	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	340	...	...	135	...	...
$100,000 and over	875	...	...	540	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	470	...	...	280	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	205	...	...	140	...	...
$150,000 and over	200	...	...	120	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	6,545	...	...	1,740	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	64,146	...	...	91,744	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	57,220	...	...	76,963	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,050	...	...	700	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	57,104	...	...	77,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	51,345	...	...	66,005	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	2,380	...	...	805	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	83,121	...	...	114,944	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	73,126	...	...	95,061	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	950	...	...	200	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,565	...	...	50,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	41,195	...	...	47,275	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	6,515	...	...	1,720	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,858	...	...	101,775	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,514	...	...	83,079	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,025	...	...	690	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,442	...	...	91,358	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,589	...	...	74,079	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	2,380	...	...	820	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,674	...	...	121,087	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	80,203	...	...	98,403	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	960	...	...	190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,959	...	...	57,476	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,201	...	...	50,015	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,480	1,875	1,605	600	365	235
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,047	25,779	22,848	31,392	31,936	30,976
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,296	24,064	22,379	27,840	27,840	27,840
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	3,525	1,905	1,620	630	370	260
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,010	33,588	27,970	38,856	38,657	39,142
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	26,933	28,574	24,999	31,652	31,566	31,776
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	22,045	11,190	10,855	5,820	3,000	2,820
In the bottom half of the distribution	15,390	7,750	7,640	2,790	1,465	1,320
In the bottom decile	2,845	1,470	1,380	435	250	190
In the second decile	3,345	1,605	1,745	500	265	240
In the third decile	3,710	1,855	1,855	510	260	250
In the fourth decile	3,040	1,575	1,460	615	315	300
In the fifth decile	2,450	1,245	1,200	720	370	350
In the top half of the distribution	6,655	3,445	3,215	3,030	1,535	1,495
In the sixth decile	2,160	1,110	1,045	720	360	355
In the seventh decile	1,845	950	895	720	370	345
In the eighth decile	1,175	625	550	695	350	340
In the ninth decile	900	475	425	560	280	285
In the top decile	575	280	295	345	175	165
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	20,860	10,625	10,230	5,825	3,005	2,815
0 to 17 years	3,745	1,925	1,825	1,340	690	645
0 to 5 years	1,290	665	620	425	220	205
18 to 64 years	12,585	6,465	6,120	3,670	1,875	1,790
65 years and over	4,530	2,240	2,285	810	435	380
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,820	1,915	1,905	655	365	295
0 to 17 years	725	375	345	145	80	65
0 to 5 years	245	120	125	45	20	25
18 to 64 years	2,170	1,130	1,045	395	220	175
65 years and over	925	410	515	115	55	55
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.3	18.0	18.6	11.2	12.1	10.5
0 to 17 years (%)	19.4	19.5	18.9	10.8	11.6	10.1
0 to 5 years (%)	19.0	18.0	20.2	10.6	9.1	12.2
18 to 64 years (%)	17.2	17.5	17.1	10.8	11.7	9.8
65 years and over (%)	20.4	18.3	22.5	14.2	12.6	14.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,230	690	545	235	140	95
0 to 17 years	170	80	90	30	15	20
0 to 5 years	55	25	30	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	980	575	405	185	110	70
65 years and over	80	35	45	15	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	6.5	5.3	4.0	4.7	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5	4.2	4.9	2.2	2.2	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.3	3.8	4.8	2.4	2.3	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	8.9	6.6	5.0	5.9	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.6	2.0	1.9	2.3	2.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	22,045	11,190	10,855	5,820	3,005	2,815
Official languages	22,035	11,185	10,855	5,820	3,005	2,820
English	14,460	7,385	7,070	5,065	2,655	2,410
French	18,420	9,365	9,055	4,495	2,280	2,210
Non-official languages	1,565	770	795	300	165	140
Aboriginal languages	500	225	275	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	485	215	270	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	490	220	270	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,065	545	520	300	165	140
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	10	35	25	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	20	25	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	10	25	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	915	480	440	255	135	115
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	60	45	20	10	10
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	95	55	45	20	10	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	20	10	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Russian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	10	10	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	15	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	230	110	120	50	25	20
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dutch	20	10	20	15	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	195	100	100	30	20	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	60	45	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15	20	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	15	25	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	20	15	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	535	270	265	190	100	90
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	95	65	40	35	10	20
Portuguese	35	25	15	40	20	20
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	425	200	220	125	60	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	15	10	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	35	10	0	10
Chinese languages	65	30	30	10	0	15
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	30	20	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	22,045	11,190	10,855	5,820	3,005	2,815
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	21,855	11,095	10,760	5,750	2,955	2,790
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,210	2,130	2,085	1,300	650	645
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,635	8,960	8,680	4,450	2,305	2,145
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	190	95	95	75	50	30
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	22,040	11,190	10,855	5,820	3,000	2,820
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	21,085	10,715	10,365	5,585	2,870	2,715
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	900	435	470	235	135	100
Before 1981	545	270	275	105	55	40
1981 to 1990	125	40	85	45	20	20
1991 to 2000	95	45	50	35	20	15
2001 to 2010	90	50	40	45	25	20
2001 to 2005	35	30	10	15	10	10
2006 to 2010	55	25	30	25	15	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	40	25	10	15	10	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	55	35	25	0	0	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	905	435	465	230	135	100
Under 5 years	140	70	70	35	20	15
5 to 14 years	135	65	70	70	40	30
15 to 24 years	255	120	135	45	25	15
25 to 44 years	305	135	165	80	40	35
45 years and over	65	40	20	10	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	900	435	470	235	135	100
Americas	240	65	175	30	20	10
Brazil	10	0	10	10	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guyana	0	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	15	0	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	175	35	130	20	15	10
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	10	0	0	10
Europe	550	315	235	150	75	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	10	10	0	0	0	0
France	95	55	35	15	10	0
Germany	90	40	45	0	0	0
Greece	15	15	0	10	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Italy	35	20	10	20	10	10
Netherlands	10	10	0	10	10	0
Poland	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portugal	10	0	10	10	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10	10	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	10	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	80	50	35	20	0	15
Other places of birth in Europe	180	100	75	50	20	30
Africa	30	20	10	20	15	0
Algeria	15	10	10	10	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	0	10	0
Asia	65	25	40	35	15	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	0	15	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	10	0	0
Pakistan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	10	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	40	30	10	10	15	0
Americas	10	0	10	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	15	15	0	10	10	0
France	0	10	0	10	10	0
Germany	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	0	10	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	22,045	11,185	10,855	5,820	3,005	2,815
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,185	560	625	275	150	125
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,615	835	780	405	205	200
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	19,250	9,795	9,450	5,140	2,650	2,495
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	390	185	205	135	80	55
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	185	105	80	90	55	35
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	110	75	45	40	30	15
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	75	35	40	45	25	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	185	75	115	40	20	15
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	15	10	15	0	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	22,045	11,185	10,855	5,820	3,005	2,820
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,470	695	770	535	295	240
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,425	695	735	520	285	235
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,310	610	695	175	100	75
Métis	110	75	30	345	185	160
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	10	15	0	10	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	25	0	20	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	20,575	10,490	10,085	5,285	2,710	2,575
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	22,045	11,190	10,855	5,820	3,005	2,815
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,255	580	670	105	55	50
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,785	10,605	10,180	5,715	2,950	2,760
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	22,045	11,190	10,855	5,820	3,005	2,820
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,335	655	685	215	120	95
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,335	650	685	210	115	95
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,330	645	680	80	45	30
Métis single ancestry	10	10	10	135	70	65
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	775	330	450	505	295	215
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	745	315	430	485	280	200
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	615	250	365	280	175	100
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	110	55	55	200	110	100
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	30	15	15	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	15	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	19,930	10,205	9,725	5,095	2,590	2,505
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	22,045	11,190	10,855	5,820	3,000	2,820
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	260	110	155	85	55	30
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	45	20	25	10	10	0
Chinese	40	15	25	30	10	20
Black	90	35	55	0	10	0
Filipino	25	10	15	0	10	0
Latin American	35	15	20	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	20	15	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	10	10	10	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	21,780	11,080	10,705	5,735	2,945	2,790
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	22,040	11,190	10,855	5,820	3,005	2,815
North American Aboriginal origins	2,115	980	1,135	725	415	310
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,975	910	1,060	385	240	150
Inuit	20	10	10	0	0	0
Métis	155	75	75	365	190	175
Other North American origins	14,130	7,130	7,000	3,345	1,740	1,605
Acadian	60	25	40	10	0	10
American	255	130	125	0	0	10
Canadian	13,695	6,900	6,790	3,280	1,710	1,570
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	315	165	155	35	20	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	10,190	5,240	4,950	3,595	1,825	1,765
British Isles origins	5,385	2,670	2,715	2,075	1,020	1,060
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	2,170	1,015	1,150	845	430	410
Irish	2,605	1,275	1,330	1,380	665	725
Manx	0	0	10	0	0	10
Scottish	2,695	1,365	1,335	750	370	375
Welsh	55	15	30	40	15	30
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	215	90	125	20	0	15
French origins	5,265	2,745	2,515	2,090	1,075	1,015
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	15	15	0	15	10	10
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	5,255	2,740	2,515	2,080	1,065	1,015
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,335	705	625	495	255	245
Austrian	70	30	40	10	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	175	80	95	10	0	15
Dutch	310	180	135	105	45	60
Flemish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	610	330	280	365	205	160
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	280	145	135	25	10	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	165	80	85	50	35	15
Danish	25	0	20	10	0	10
Finnish	35	20	15	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	80	30	55	25	15	0
Swedish	40	25	15	0	10	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	550	270	280	190	95	95
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	40	15	20	15	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	100	50	45	35	15	20
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	10	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	150	90	60	65	30	35
Romanian	30	20	15	10	0	0
Russian	105	50	55	30	15	20
Slovak	45	15	25	10	15	0
Ukrainian	135	70	70	40	15	25
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	645	355	285	295	150	150
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	80	55	25	40	10	25
Italian	450	250	200	110	50	55
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	10	15	95	60	35
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	80	35	45	70	40	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	45	25	20	10	0	10
Basque	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	25	10	10	10	10	0
Caribbean origins	85	40	40	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	30	0	30	0	0	0
Jamaican	40	20	15	10	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	70	30	40	40	25	15
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	10	0	10	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mexican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	20	15	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	20	10	15	10	10	0
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	10	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	10	10	10	10	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	10	10	0	0	10	0
Asian origins	185	90	100	130	85	50
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	35	20	15	45	35	10
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	10	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	15	10	10	35	20	15
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	40	15	25	35	30	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	40	15	25	35	30	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	0	10	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	115	55	60	55	20	30
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese	70	30	40	40	20	25
Filipino	25	10	20	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	10	0	10	0	10
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	15	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	15	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	10	10	10	0	10	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	9,670	...	...	2,250	...	...
Owner	7,555	...	...	1,970	...	...
Renter	2,050	...	...	285	...	...
Band housing	60	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	9,665	...	...	2,250	...	...
Condominium	130	...	...	15	...	...
Not condominium	9,535	...	...	2,235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	9,670	...	...	2,255	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	880	...	...	135	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,965	...	...	455	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,575	...	...	1,030	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,250	...	...	635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	9,665	...	...	2,255	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,050	...	...	325	...	...
5 rooms	1,885	...	...	330	...	...
6 rooms	1,765	...	...	410	...	...
7 rooms	1,325	...	...	340	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,635	...	...	845	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	9,665	...	...	2,250	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,615	...	...	2,240	...	...
More than 1 person per room	55	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	9,665	...	...	2,250	...	...
Suitable	9,430	...	...	2,205	...	...
Not suitable	240	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	9,670	...	...	2,250	...	...
1960 or before	3,890	...	...	575	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,885	...	...	680	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,080	...	...	290	...	...
1991 to 2000	705	...	...	210	...	...
2001 to 2005	345	...	...	150	...	...
2006 to 2010	380	...	...	240	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	390	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	9,665	...	...	2,250	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	8,560	...	...	2,030	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,105	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	9,670	...	...	2,255	...	...
1 household maintainer	6,535	...	...	1,155	...	...
2 household maintainers	3,055	...	...	1,060	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	75	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	9,665	...	...	2,255	...	...
15 to 24 years	220	...	...	35	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,040	...	...	300	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,200	...	...	425	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,860	...	...	535	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,250	...	...	475	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,920	...	...	340	...	...
75 to 84 years	915	...	...	120	...	...
85 years and over	260	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	8,800	...	...	2,170	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,050	...	...	1,830	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,755	...	...	340	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,580	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,840	...	...	1,895	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	54.6	...	...	62.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.4	...	...	13.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	718	...	...	1,012	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	824	...	...	1,105	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	199,933	...	...	290,606	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	239,428	...	...	334,310	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,975	...	...	280	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.4	...	...	10.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	39.1	...	...	28.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	602	...	...	727	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	625	...	...	763	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	18,575	9,430	9,140	4,680	2,440	2,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,360	3,110	2,250	1,090	670	420
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,670	2,215	2,465	1,250	585	665
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,540	4,110	4,430	2,345	1,185	1,155
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,515	2,160	1,360	610	445	160
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,260	1,210	1,050	380	230	150
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,255	950	305	225	210	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,800	1,050	1,755	960	435	525
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	495	225	265	115	35	75
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,730	670	1,060	660	275	390
Bachelor's degree	1,250	445	805	440	130	310
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	165	95	70	55	40	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	20	15	10	0	0
Master's degree	270	105	160	135	80	60
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	15	10	10	20	20	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	11,595	5,850	5,745	3,265	1,680	1,585
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,475	1,560	915	585	380	210
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,880	1,410	1,475	835	390	450
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,235	2,875	3,360	1,840	910	930
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,620	1,545	1,080	475	330	145
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,725	890	830	310	180	130
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	890	650	240	165	155	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,095	765	1,330	725	330	395
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	250	135	120	85	25	60
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,265	430	840	550	220	335
Bachelor's degree	950	300	655	365	100	265
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	90	45	45	40	25	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	10	10	10	0
Master's degree	200	70	130	130	80	45
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	15	10	10	15	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	18,575	9,430	9,140	4,680	2,440	2,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	10,035	5,320	4,710	2,335	1,255	1,085
Education	680	185	490	160	40	120
13. Education	675	185	495	160	40	125
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	230	90	140	70	35	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	25	0	15	10	10
50. Visual and performing arts	210	65	140	60	25	35
Humanities	335	150	180	105	25	80
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	35	0	35	25	0	30
23. English language and literature/letters	35	15	20	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	140	65	75	40	15	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	20	15	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10	10	0	0
54. History	45	25	20	15	10	10
55. French language and literature/letters	10	10	10	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	590	135	460	270	75	190
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	10	0	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	0	30	30	0	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	205	15	195	45	0	40
22. Legal professions and studies	70	10	60	55	25	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	15	0	20	10	0	10
42. Psychology	90	25	60	25	10	15
45. Social sciences	175	85	90	115	35	75
Business, management and public administration	1,595	435	1,160	460	125	335
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110	25	85	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,490	415	1,075	445	125	320
Physical and life sciences and technologies	170	100	65	85	50	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	0	35	30	10	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	35	20	20	0	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	25	20	10	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	40	40	0	25	25	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	185	80	100	110	60	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	140	70	70	90	55	35
25. Library science	25	0	20	20	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	15	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,160	2,010	145	590	550	40
04. Architecture and related services	35	15	20	15	10	10
14. Engineering	130	115	20	50	20	25
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	330	285	45	115	115	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	575	565	15	175	170	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	640	620	20	150	150	0
48. Precision production	450	425	35	85	80	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	545	400	145	95	65	35
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	515	380	140	60	35	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	25	10	35	30	10
Health and related fields	1,245	120	1,130	215	40	175
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	50	25	30	15	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs	1,185	90	1,095	195	35	165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	10	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	800	395	405	180	120	60
12. Personal and culinary services	460	115	350	85	30	55
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	100	75	25	75	70	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	200	25	20	20	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	11,590	5,850	5,745	3,265	1,675	1,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	5,360	2,975	2,390	1,425	765	660
Education	415	115	295	100	30	75
13. Education	420	120	300	105	25	75
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	165	75	90	55	20	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	145	55	90	45	15	30
Humanities	215	95	125	70	15	55
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20	0	20	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	10	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100	40	60	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	10	0	0	0
54. History	30	15	15	15	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	485	100	385	225	65	155
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	0	30	25	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	10	175	40	0	45
22. Legal professions and studies	60	10	55	30	20	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	0	0	0
42. Psychology	60	15	45	15	0	15
45. Social sciences	145	70	70	95	40	60
Business, management and public administration	1,165	260	900	380	105	275
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	15	65	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,085	250	835	360	105	255
Physical and life sciences and technologies	75	40	35	60	35	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	0	25	30	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	10	10	15	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	25	25	0	15	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	145	55	90	95	50	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	120	55	70	75	45	30
25. Library science	20	0	15	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	10	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,575	1,455	115	440	415	30
04. Architecture and related services	20	0	10	10	0	10
14. Engineering	105	85	15	40	20	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	220	190	35	95	95	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	415	405	10	145	145	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	460	445	15	100	105	0
48. Precision production	350	320	30	55	60	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	430	305	120	80	50	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	395	280	115	55	30	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	25	10	25	20	0
Health and related fields	960	75	885	195	30	165
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	35	20	25	15	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	925	60	860	180	30	155
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	605	290	315	150	95	55
12. Personal and culinary services	340	85	260	65	20	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	70	45	25	60	60	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	180	155	25	20	15	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	18,575	9,430	9,140	4,680	2,445	2,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,035	5,320	4,710	2,335	1,255	1,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	8,540	4,110	4,430	2,340	1,190	1,155
Location of study inside Canada	8,110	3,880	4,230	2,265	1,135	1,125
Same as province or territory of residence	7,500	3,565	3,935	1,205	550	650
Different than province or territory of residence	610	310	295	1,060	585	470
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	430	230	200	85	55	30
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	200	95	105	30	15	10
Philippines	10	0	10	0	0	0
India	10	10	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	10	0	15	15	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	10	0	0	0	0
France	40	25	15	10	0	0
Other	155	85	70	30	20	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	11,595	5,845	5,745	3,265	1,680	1,590
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,360	2,970	2,385	1,425	765	660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	6,235	2,875	3,360	1,840	915	930
Location of study inside Canada	5,940	2,725	3,215	1,795	885	915
Same as province or territory of residence	5,455	2,485	2,970	970	425	545
Different than province or territory of residence	485	240	245	820	455	360
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	295	150	140	50	25	15
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	150	80	70	15	10	10
Philippines	10	10	0	0	0	0
India	10	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	10	0	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	10	10	0	0	0
France	25	15	0	0	10	0
Other	85	45	50	15	10	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	18,575	9,430	9,145	4,680	2,440	2,235
In the labour force	10,695	5,860	4,835	3,155	1,690	1,465
Employed	9,915	5,390	4,525	2,995	1,585	1,410
Unemployed	780	465	310	160	110	50
Not in the labour force	7,875	3,575	4,310	1,525	745	780
Participation rate	57.6	62.1	52.9	67.4	69.3	65.5
Employment rate	53.4	57.2	49.5	64.0	65.0	63.1
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.9	6.4	5.1	6.5	3.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	18,575	9,430	9,145	4,680	2,445	2,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	7,375	3,360	4,015	1,465	730	730
Worked	11,200	6,075	5,130	3,220	1,715	1,505
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	5,725	3,385	2,340	1,795	985	810
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	5,475	2,685	2,790	1,425	730	695
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	43.3	42.3	44.0	43.9	44.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	10,695	5,860	4,830	3,155	1,690	1,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	225	130	95	45	35	15
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	10,470	5,730	4,735	3,110	1,660	1,450
Employee	8,545	4,470	4,070	2,650	1,330	1,320
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,925	1,260	665	465	335	130
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	10,695	5,860	4,835	3,155	1,695	1,460
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	225	130	95	45	30	15
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	10,470	5,730	4,740	3,110	1,660	1,450
0 Management occupations	1,365	975	390	375	235	140
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,350	305	1,045	655	190	455
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	240	170	65	200	125	70
3 Health occupations	685	65	615	120	20	100
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,050	235	815	355	100	255
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	195	80	120	70	20	50
6 Sales and service occupations	1,930	720	1,205	525	195	325
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,380	2,235	145	640	605	30
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	655	505	150	155	140	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	620	440	185	25	20	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	10,695	5,860	4,835	3,155	1,695	1,460
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	225	125	95	45	35	15
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	10,465	5,730	4,740	3,110	1,660	1,450
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,335	955	375	150	110	40
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	125	115	10	0	0	0
22 Utilities	35	25	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	875	815	65	405	345	55
31-33 Manufacturing	1,190	870	320	50	35	20
41 Wholesale trade	355	270	80	55	30	25
44-45 Retail trade	1,095	490	605	300	130	170
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	720	530	190	220	130	90
51 Information and cultural industries	75	45	35	60	35	25
52 Finance and insurance	195	40	150	80	35	50
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	80	50	30	30	20	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	375	140	240	95	45	50
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	360	270	85	170	140	35
61 Educational services	650	200	455	180	40	135
62 Health care and social assistance	1,260	120	1,140	250	50	200
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	230	105	125	60	25	35
72 Accommodation and food services	565	190	380	125	60	65
81 Other services (except public administration)	540	290	250	155	110	45
91 Public administration	410	215	200	720	315	405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	9,915	5,395	4,520	2,995	1,580	1,410
Worked at home	1,320	770	545	230	130	105
Worked outside Canada	155	90	65	20	15	0
No fixed workplace address	1,040	815	215	430	395	30
Worked at usual place	7,405	3,710	3,695	2,320	1,040	1,275
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	7,405	3,710	3,690	2,320	1,045	1,275
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,540	710	835	220	105	115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,080	940	1,140	65	30	35
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,675	2,015	1,665	1,070	455	615
Commute to a different province or territory	105	45	60	970	460	510
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	8,440	4,530	3,910	2,750	1,445	1,305
Car, truck, van - as a driver	7,470	4,085	3,385	2,305	1,295	1,005
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	300	135	165	225	70	165
Public transit	110	30	80	120	30	90
Walked	480	235	245	75	30	40
Bicycle	20	0	15	20	15	0
Other method	60	35	20	10	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	8,440	4,530	3,910	2,750	1,445	1,305
Less than 15 minutes	2,465	1,220	1,240	300	175	130
15 to 29 minutes	2,525	1,255	1,270	660	330	335
30 to 44 minutes	1,665	900	765	710	370	335
45 to 59 minutes	760	515	245	575	270	305
60 minutes and over	1,025	640	390	505	305	205
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	8,440	4,530	3,910	2,750	1,445	1,305
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	795	590	205	320	215	105
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,950	1,315	635	895	515	380
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,505	1,255	1,255	805	390	420
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,330	485	850	340	135	210
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	605	200	405	135	55	80
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,255	690	570	260	135	115
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	11,550	6,260	5,290	3,325	1,775	1,545
Single responses	10,550	5,830	4,715	2,920	1,585	1,330
Official languages	10,535	5,830	4,700	2,915	1,585	1,335
English	3,000	1,695	1,305	1,735	995	735
French	7,535	4,130	3,405	1,180	590	595
Non-official languages	20	0	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,005	425	575	410	190	215
English and French	980	425	555	410	190	215
English and non-official language	20	10	15	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	11,555	6,260	5,290	3,325	1,780	1,545
None	7,135	3,965	3,165	1,795	1,015	780
English	3,010	1,515	1,500	740	360	380
French	1,305	715	590	765	385	380
Non-official language	70	45	30	15	10	10
Aboriginal	35	10	30	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	35	30	0	10	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	25	20	0	0	10	0
French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	21,810	11,080	10,730	5,755	2,975	2,780
Non-movers	19,785	9,965	9,820	5,210	2,675	2,540
Movers	2,030	1,115	910	545	305	245
Non-migrants	625	350	275	125	85	40
Migrants	1,405	765	640	420	220	200
Internal migrants	1,325	710	615	390	200	190
Intraprovincial migrants	1,260	680	585	320	160	165
Interprovincial migrants	60	35	30	65	40	30
External migrants	75	50	25	30	20	15
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	20,830	10,565	10,260	5,470	2,810	2,655
Non-movers	15,180	7,725	7,455	3,925	2,025	1,900
Movers	5,650	2,840	2,810	1,540	785	755
Non-migrants	1,705	860	840	640	340	300
Migrants	3,945	1,980	1,970	900	440	455
Internal migrants	3,770	1,890	1,880	890	435	460
Intraprovincial migrants	3,620	1,820	1,800	705	345	360
Interprovincial migrants	150	75	75	190	90	95
External migrants	175	85	90	10	10	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Le Haut-Saint-Laurent, MRC [Census division], Quebec and Pontiac, MÉ [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Le Haut-Saint-Laurent, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Pontiac, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Le Haut-Saint-Laurent, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Pontiac, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Le Haut-Saint-Laurent, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Pontiac, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec