Census Profile, 2016 Census
Les Pays-d'en-Haut, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Tottenham [Population centre], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Les Pays-d'en-Haut, MRC Quebec [Census division]			Tottenham Ontario [Population centre]
	Data quality , Les Pays-d'en-Haut, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec Map : Les Pays-d'en-Haut, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Tottenham [Population centre], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	41,877	...	...	5,143	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	40,331	...	...	4,720	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.8	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	29,723	...	...	1,950	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	20,698	...	...	1,898	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	61.3	...	...	1,691.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	683.46	...	...	3.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	41,880	20,645	21,235	5,145	2,570	2,575
0 to 14 years	4,800	2,385	2,415	960	470	490
0 to 4 years	1,505	760	745	320	160	160
5 to 9 years	1,650	795	850	315	165	160
10 to 14 years	1,645	825	820	325	155	170
15 to 64 years	25,800	12,640	13,165	3,640	1,850	1,795
15 to 19 years	1,635	830	805	355	190	165
20 to 24 years	1,490	755	735	310	155	150
25 to 29 years	1,435	735	700	375	190	185
30 to 34 years	1,655	840	815	435	230	210
35 to 39 years	1,935	935	1,000	315	155	160
40 to 44 years	2,145	1,015	1,130	355	180	180
45 to 49 years	2,545	1,215	1,320	375	175	200
50 to 54 years	3,715	1,785	1,925	465	245	215
55 to 59 years	4,630	2,220	2,410	390	180	205
60 to 64 years	4,615	2,300	2,315	270	150	125
65 years and over	11,275	5,620	5,660	545	245	295
65 to 69 years	4,190	2,125	2,065	215	100	115
70 to 74 years	3,070	1,575	1,500	145	70	75
75 to 79 years	1,820	940	885	85	40	45
80 to 84 years	1,215	600	615	60	25	35
85 years and over	970	385	585	40	15	30
85 to 89 years	660	280	380	30	10	25
90 to 94 years	245	90	160	10	0	10
95 to 99 years	55	15	45	5	0	0
100 years and over	5	5	5	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.5	11.6	11.4	18.7	18.3	19.0
15 to 64 years	61.6	61.2	62.0	70.7	72.0	69.7
65 years and over	26.9	27.2	26.7	10.6	9.5	11.5
85 years and over	2.3	1.9	2.8	0.8	0.6	1.2
Average age of the population	49.2	49.0	49.3	37.5	37.2	37.9
Median age of the population	54.5	54.5	54.4	37.2	36.9	37.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	20,695	...	...	1,895	...	...
Single-detached house	14,445	...	...	1,180	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	6,110	...	...	720	...	...
Semi-detached house	945	...	...	185	...	...
Row house	555	...	...	270	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,010	...	...	110	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,465	...	...	155	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	135	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	20,695	...	...	1,895	...	...
1 person	7,580	...	...	360	...	...
2 persons	8,735	...	...	610	...	...
3 persons	2,195	...	...	380	...	...
4 persons	1,590	...	...	385	...	...
5 or more persons	590	...	...	165	...	...
Number of persons in private households	41,210	...	...	5,150	...	...
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	37,080	18,260	18,820	4,185	2,100	2,090
Married or living common law	22,230	11,155	11,075	2,560	1,275	1,280
Married	12,810	6,425	6,380	2,095	1,040	1,050
Living common law	9,420	4,730	4,695	465	230	240
Not married and not living common law	14,850	7,105	7,745	1,630	825	805
Never married	8,540	4,650	3,895	1,095	620	475
Separated	585	310	275	145	65	80
Divorced	3,620	1,655	1,960	245	100	145
Widowed	2,105	495	1,610	145	35	110
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	12,585	...	...	1,540	...	...
2 persons	8,590	...	...	680	...	...
3 persons	2,020	...	...	390	...	...
4 persons	1,495	...	...	355	...	...
5 or more persons	480	...	...	120	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	12,585	...	...	1,540	...	...
Total couple families	10,955	...	...	1,270	...	...
Married couples	6,245	...	...	1,035	...	...
Common-law couples	4,710	...	...	235	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,630	...	...	270	...	...
Female parent	1,150	...	...	190	...	...
Male parent	480	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	10,950	...	...	1,265	...	...
Couples without children	7,495	...	...	510	...	...
Couples with children	3,455	...	...	755	...	...
1 child	1,590	...	...	310	...	...
2 children	1,405	...	...	330	...	...
3 or more children	460	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,630	...	...	270	...	...
1 child	1,090	...	...	170	...	...
2 children	435	...	...	80	...	...
3 or more children	105	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,425	4,585	4,840	590	305	290
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	20,695	...	...	1,900	...	...
One-census-family households	12,390	...	...	1,430	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	7,400	...	...	460	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	4,995	...	...	970	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	95	...	...	55	...	...
Non-census-family households	8,210	...	...	410	...	...
One-person households	7,585	...	...	355	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	625	...	...	50	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	41,685	20,575	21,110	5,150	2,565	2,580
English only	945	485	460	4,905	2,470	2,435
French only	16,140	7,350	8,790	0	0	0
English and French	24,570	12,725	11,840	230	90	140
Neither English nor French	30	15	15	10	5	10
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	41,685	20,575	21,110	5,150	2,565	2,580
English	3,780	1,980	1,800	5,075	2,535	2,545
French	37,505	18,400	19,110	50	20	25
English and French	375	185	190	15	10	5
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	10	0	10
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	3,970	2,075	1,895	55	25	25
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	9.5	10.1	9.0	1.1	1.0	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	41,685	20,575	21,105	5,145	2,570	2,580
Single responses	41,055	20,260	20,795	5,095	2,540	2,550
Official languages	39,800	19,635	20,165	4,595	2,300	2,295
English	3,170	1,700	1,470	4,545	2,275	2,265
French	36,635	17,940	18,695	55	25	30
Non-official languages	1,255	620	630	495	240	255
Aboriginal languages	10	0	5	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,245	620	630	495	245	250
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	45	45	10	10	5
Berber languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	90	40	50	15	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	80	40	40	5	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	20	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	25	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	10	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	5	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	10	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,000	505	495	400	195	205
Albanian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Armenian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	85	90	70	30	35
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	165	85	80	70	30	35
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0	0	5
Croatian	5	0	0	10	5	5
Czech	25	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	60	25	30	40	20	25
Russian	50	15	30	10	5	5
Serbian	5	5	0	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	215	100	120	70	35	35
Afrikaans	0	0	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	5	5	0	0	0
Dutch	30	15	15	15	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	155	70	85	50	25	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	5	0	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	40	25	15	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	5	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0	30	15	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	5	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iranian languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	530	275	260	220	110	115
Catalan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italian	220	130	90	135	65	65
Portuguese	55	25	35	30	10	20
Romanian	70	30	40	5	0	5
Spanish	180	85	95	50	25	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5	5	5	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	15	10	5
Chinese languages	25	10	15	15	10	5
Cantonese	5	5	0	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	10	5	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	20	20	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	20	20	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	630	315	315	60	30	30
English and French	460	225	240	10	5	5
English and non-official language	40	25	15	45	25	20
French and non-official language	95	45	45	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	40	25	15	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	41,685	20,575	21,110	5,150	2,570	2,580
Single responses	40,885	20,200	20,690	5,045	2,515	2,530
Official languages	40,570	20,045	20,525	4,900	2,450	2,450
English	3,610	1,860	1,750	4,890	2,445	2,445
French	36,955	18,180	18,780	10	5	5
Non-official languages	315	155	160	150	70	75
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	315	150	160	145	70	75
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	5	5	5
Berber languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	5	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	15	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	5	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	260	125	135	95	45	50
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	30	30	30	15	15
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	30	30	30	15	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Czech	5	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	10	15	10	10
Russian	25	10	10	5	0	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	10	5	10
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	5	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	20	10	10	5	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	5	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	5	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	65	75	50	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	15	20	10	10
Portuguese	5	5	5	5	5	5
Romanian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Spanish	60	25	35	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	5	5	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	10	5	10
Chinese languages	10	10	5	15	5	5
Cantonese	0	0	0	10	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	5	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	800	375	420	105	50	50
English and French	495	230	265	5	5	0
English and non-official language	75	30	45	95	50	50
French and non-official language	165	80	85	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	70	40	25	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	41,685	20,575	21,110	5,150	2,570	2,580
None	36,260	17,915	18,340	4,840	2,430	2,410
English	3,510	1,725	1,785	75	40	40
French	1,215	615	600	25	10	20
Non-official language	490	215	280	205	95	105
Aboriginal	5	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	485	215	275	200	95	100
English and French	25	10	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	120	55	65	5	0	5
French and non-official language	55	30	30	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	36,410	18,000	18,420	4,185	2,100	2,090
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	35,560	17,650	17,905	4,020	2,015	2,005
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,072	38,916	28,334	39,061	47,488	31,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	35,580	17,655	17,930	4,025	2,010	2,005
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,402	33,739	25,667	34,643	40,820	28,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	32,045	16,160	15,885	3,730	1,925	1,800
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,822	34,764	23,385	38,000	47,104	29,355
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,580	13,180	14,400	2,700	1,175	1,525
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,974	8,821	9,124	3,355	1,300	4,621
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	23,570	12,195	11,375	3,365	1,790	1,580
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,675	29,140	22,863	38,885	47,168	32,384
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	36,415	18,025	18,385	4,180	2,115	2,065
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	35,560	17,630	17,935	4,015	2,020	1,995
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,489	55,346	37,781	44,259	54,316	34,061
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	35,570	17,625	17,940	4,015	2,020	1,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,120	31,385	37,281	44,841	29,615
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	32,135	16,275	15,860	3,685	1,930	1,750
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,346	52,400	34,054	43,393	53,409	32,336
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,480	13,180	14,310	2,620	1,095	1,525
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,469	9,321	9,606	6,836	6,015	7,426
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	23,570	12,160	11,410	3,310	1,795	1,515
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,485	46,903	31,582	44,552	53,369	34,146
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	36,415	18,030	18,390	4,180	2,115	2,065
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	8,630	4,580	4,055	1,880	1,180	700
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,863	52,166	41,075	54,175	61,421	48,359
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	58,251	67,633	47,656	60,295	66,591	49,720
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.1	87.3	79.5	90.2	93.6	84.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	57.2	58.7	55.1	82.4	85.7	77.4
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.9	12.7	20.5	9.9	6.3	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	36,415	18,000	18,415	4,185	2,100	2,090
Without total income	855	350	505	165	85	85
With total income	35,560	17,650	17,905	4,020	2,015	2,005
Percentage with total income	97.7	98.1	97.2	96.1	96.0	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,060	1,745	2,310	520	195	330
$10,000 to $19,999	6,585	2,660	3,925	555	210	345
$20,000 to $29,999	5,680	2,520	3,160	520	215	305
$30,000 to $39,999	4,555	2,160	2,390	470	230	245
$40,000 to $49,999	3,865	1,965	1,905	485	230	255
$50,000 to $59,999	2,875	1,565	1,310	390	205	185
$60,000 to $69,999	2,100	1,190	910	325	200	125
$70,000 to $79,999	1,560	920	645	220	150	70
$80,000 to $89,999	1,015	615	395	200	145	50
$90,000 to $99,999	690	465	225	125	75	45
$100,000 and over	2,570	1,845	725	210	165	50
$100,000 to $149,999	1,535	1,075	465	165	120	40
$150,000 and over	1,035	770	260	50	45	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	36,415	17,995	18,415	4,185	2,095	2,090
Without after-tax income	830	345	490	165	80	80
With after-tax income	35,585	17,655	17,930	4,020	2,015	2,005
Percentage with after-tax income	97.7	98.1	97.4	96.1	96.2	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,490	1,855	2,640	540	200	340
$10,000 to $19,999	6,905	2,840	4,065	585	220	365
$20,000 to $29,999	6,755	3,080	3,680	610	260	350
$30,000 to $39,999	5,740	2,805	2,935	610	295	315
$40,000 to $49,999	4,150	2,255	1,890	570	305	270
$50,000 to $59,999	2,690	1,540	1,150	400	240	160
$60,000 to $69,999	1,670	1,035	635	305	220	90
$70,000 to $79,999	990	665	325	195	130	70
$80,000 and over	2,195	1,580	615	205	155	50
$80,000 to $89,999	550	370	180	90	50	35
$90,000 to $99,999	410	290	125	40	30	5
$100,000 and over	1,235	920	315	80	65	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	36,415	18,000	18,420	4,185	2,100	2,090
Without employment income	12,845	5,800	7,040	820	305	515
With employment income	23,570	12,195	11,375	3,370	1,790	1,575
Percentage with employment income	64.7	67.8	61.8	80.5	85.2	75.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,230	2,235	1,995	360	165	190
$5,000 to $9,999	2,015	900	1,115	245	105	140
$10,000 to $19,999	3,800	1,710	2,090	400	160	240
$20,000 to $29,999	2,890	1,340	1,545	325	145	180
$30,000 to $39,999	2,435	1,185	1,250	410	200	210
$40,000 to $49,999	1,825	925	905	370	175	190
$50,000 to $59,999	1,470	775	695	325	180	145
$60,000 to $69,999	1,160	605	560	270	175	95
$70,000 to $79,999	1,005	575	435	190	135	60
$80,000 and over	2,740	1,955	785	480	350	125
$80,000 to $89,999	600	395	205	175	130	40
$90,000 to $99,999	495	335	155	120	75	50
$100,000 and over	1,645	1,225	425	180	145	35
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	20,700	...	...	1,895	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	58,800	...	...	86,894	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	50,737	...	...	74,713	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	7,580	...	...	360	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,043	...	...	45,696	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,490	...	...	39,424	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	13,115	...	...	1,540	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,056	...	...	97,195	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,703	...	...	83,072	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	20,700	...	...	1,910	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,865	...	...	92,931	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,930	...	...	78,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,570	...	...	380	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,398	...	...	46,214	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,280	...	...	39,349	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	13,130	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,311	...	...	104,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,869	...	...	87,937	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	20,695	...	...	1,895	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	330	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	625	...	...	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,105	...	...	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,100	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	975	...	...	50	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,150	...	...	60	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,065	...	...	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,060	...	...	60	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,030	...	...	80	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,810	...	...	135	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,625	...	...	130	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,430	...	...	175	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,215	...	...	155	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	955	...	...	150	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,900	...	...	750	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,730	...	...	290	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,085	...	...	225	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,090	...	...	165	...	...
$200,000 and over	990	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	20,700	...	...	1,895	...	...
Under $5,000	370	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	340	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	640	...	...	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,180	...	...	35	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,260	...	...	50	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,145	...	...	60	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,360	...	...	65	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,405	...	...	55	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,255	...	...	85	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,240	...	...	95	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,165	...	...	155	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,820	...	...	200	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,475	...	...	200	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,100	...	...	190	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	870	...	...	140	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,070	...	...	515	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,410	...	...	280	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	685	...	...	125	...	...
$150,000 and over	975	...	...	110	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	12,635	...	...	1,500	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,545	...	...	96,805	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,947	...	...	82,916	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	7,280	...	...	445	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,404	...	...	88,640	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	62,942	...	...	76,544	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	3,475	...	...	765	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,717	...	...	111,616	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	85,504	...	...	95,061	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,595	...	...	250	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,045	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,205	...	...	55,637	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	12,640	...	...	1,495	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	100,841	...	...	104,055	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,231	...	...	87,523	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	7,255	...	...	450	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,619	...	...	94,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,606	...	...	78,965	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	3,470	...	...	745	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,901	...	...	122,089	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,426	...	...	102,297	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,610	...	...	260	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,249	...	...	68,843	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,090	...	...	58,876	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	8,815	4,325	4,495	505	270	240
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,215	33,670	29,404	41,984	46,464	37,248
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,141	29,920	26,972	36,480	39,552	33,664
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	8,800	4,305	4,495	510	285	225
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,966	46,339	39,735	43,767	48,694	37,440
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,095	36,644	33,611	37,236	40,482	33,069
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	41,210	20,380	20,830	5,150	2,565	2,580
In the bottom half of the distribution	23,305	11,170	12,135	2,195	1,045	1,155
In the bottom decile	3,905	1,915	1,995	245	110	135
In the second decile	5,090	2,305	2,780	335	165	175
In the third decile	4,970	2,370	2,600	395	195	200
In the fourth decile	4,840	2,360	2,485	570	275	295
In the fifth decile	4,500	2,220	2,280	640	300	345
In the top half of the distribution	17,905	9,205	8,695	2,950	1,525	1,430
In the sixth decile	4,435	2,265	2,180	630	330	305
In the seventh decile	3,765	1,905	1,860	755	380	375
In the eighth decile	3,510	1,820	1,690	695	370	330
In the ninth decile	3,020	1,565	1,455	605	305	300
In the top decile	3,165	1,650	1,515	270	140	130
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	41,205	20,380	20,830	5,150	2,570	2,575
0 to 17 years	5,815	2,900	2,920	1,170	580	590
0 to 5 years	1,810	915	895	390	190	205
18 to 64 years	24,590	11,995	12,590	3,430	1,740	1,695
65 years and over	10,805	5,480	5,320	545	250	295
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,440	3,030	3,415	405	190	220
0 to 17 years	1,050	480	565	125	60	60
0 to 5 years	295	140	155	45	25	25
18 to 64 years	3,865	1,880	1,990	245	110	135
65 years and over	1,530	665	860	40	15	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.6	14.9	16.4	7.9	7.4	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	18.1	16.6	19.3	10.7	10.3	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	16.3	15.3	17.3	11.5	13.2	12.2
18 to 64 years (%)	15.7	15.7	15.8	7.1	6.3	8.0
65 years and over (%)	14.2	12.1	16.2	7.3	6.0	8.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,230	1,160	1,070	155	75	80
0 to 17 years	280	125	155	40	20	25
0 to 5 years	50	20	25	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	1,755	930	825	105	50	55
65 years and over	195	100	90	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.4	5.7	5.1	3.0	2.9	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.3	5.3	3.4	3.4	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.2	2.8	3.8	2.6	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1	7.8	6.6	3.1	2.9	3.2
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8	2.0	1.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	41,205	20,380	20,830	5,200	2,600	2,600
Official languages	41,185	20,360	20,820	5,195	2,600	2,595
English	25,385	13,290	12,095	5,195	2,600	2,595
French	40,255	19,855	20,400	275	115	155
Non-official languages	3,585	1,650	1,935	630	315	320
Aboriginal languages	0	0	10	15	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,580	1,655	1,925	615	310	310
Afro-Asiatic languages	245	140	100	20	20	0
Berber languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	230	135	95	15	15	0
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Arabic	200	115	85	10	15	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	30	20	15	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	30	20	15	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	10	25	20	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	0	25	25	10	20
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	25	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,120	1,445	1,670	525	250	270
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	10	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	135	135	125	70	60
Baltic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	265	135	125	120	70	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Croatian	15	15	0	25	25	0
Czech	30	20	10	0	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Polish	90	45	50	55	20	35
Russian	85	40	45	20	15	10
Serbian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	10	0	10	10	10
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0	10	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	490	220	270	105	45	60
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	35	25	10	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	435	180	255	70	40	35
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	0	20	0	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	80	30	40	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	10	25	0	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hindi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	10	0	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,425	1,105	1,320	280	140	135
Catalan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Italian	600	295	300	190	105	85
Portuguese	110	45	60	30	10	20
Romanian	100	50	50	0	0	0
Spanish	1,795	795	1,000	60	25	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	15	15	10	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	0	15	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	15	0	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	10	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	65	30	40	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	55	25	35	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	15	30	20	10	10
Chinese languages	45	15	25	20	10	10
Cantonese	10	10	0	10	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	0	30	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	10	0	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0	0	0
Lao	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	20	10	10	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	20	10	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	41,205	20,380	20,830	5,200	2,600	2,600
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	40,370	19,960	20,415	5,070	2,550	2,520
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,685	2,835	2,850	1,215	585	625
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	34,690	17,120	17,565	3,860	1,965	1,900
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	835	420	415	125	50	75
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	41,210	20,375	20,830	5,200	2,595	2,600
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	38,275	18,860	19,415	4,540	2,255	2,285
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,810	1,460	1,350	650	340	305
Before 1981	1,145	670	470	380	190	185
1981 to 1990	300	120	180	65	40	30
1991 to 2000	450	220	235	105	55	50
2001 to 2010	610	315	295	60	35	25
2001 to 2005	310	160	145	45	25	20
2006 to 2010	305	155	150	20	15	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	305	140	165	35	30	10
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	125	55	65	10	0	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,810	1,465	1,350	650	340	305
Under 5 years	275	145	130	140	65	70
5 to 14 years	485	265	225	135	75	60
15 to 24 years	675	340	335	165	90	75
25 to 44 years	1,100	550	545	200	105	95
45 years and over	275	155	120	10	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,815	1,460	1,350	645	345	305
Americas	350	160	185	90	50	45
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haiti	20	10	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	30	25	10
Mexico	50	20	25	10	0	0
Peru	15	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	180	80	100	15	10	15
Other places of birth in Americas	70	45	25	30	15	15
Europe	1,985	1,060	925	435	235	205
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	10	10	0	10	0	10
France	990	555	435	0	0	0
Germany	125	40	85	30	15	15
Greece	10	10	10	0	0	0
Hungary	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italy	100	65	35	60	35	25
Netherlands	20	10	10	10	0	10
Poland	55	30	25	35	20	15
Portugal	40	15	25	10	0	10
Romania	95	50	40	0	0	0
Russian Federation	45	25	20	10	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	10	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	0	15	10	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	135	80	60	210	115	95
Other places of birth in Europe	320	160	165	35	25	10
Africa	195	120	75	25	15	10
Algeria	60	25	35	0	0	0
Egypt	35	30	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	50	35	15	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	25	25	0	0	10
Asia	255	100	160	90	45	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	35	0	35	0	10	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	0	0	0	0
India	15	10	10	10	10	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	0	15	0	0	0
Lebanon	50	25	20	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	10	30	15	20
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	10	20	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	20	30	15	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	20	10	10	10	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	305	145	165	35	25	10
Americas	25	10	20	20	10	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mexico	10	0	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10	0	10	0	10	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	10	0	10	10	0
Europe	250	130	125	0	0	0
France	200	115	80	0	0	0
Germany	25	10	20	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10	10	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	20	10	15	10	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	41,210	20,380	20,830	5,200	2,600	2,600
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	3,125	1,625	1,500	675	355	320
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	2,805	1,480	1,320	1,285	585	700
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	35,275	17,270	18,005	3,240	1,655	1,580
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	1,695	805	890	290	160	130
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,045	530	515	110	50	60
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	535	315	220	50	30	20
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	510	215	295	60	20	40
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	570	230	340	140	90	55
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	80	45	35	40	25	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	41,210	20,380	20,830	5,195	2,600	2,600
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	505	240	265	150	65	85
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	490	235	260	150	65	85
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	175	90	80	120	50	70
Métis	320	150	170	30	15	10
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	40,705	20,140	20,560	5,045	2,535	2,515
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	41,205	20,375	20,830	5,200	2,600	2,600
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	105	35	70	75	25	45
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	41,105	20,345	20,760	5,120	2,570	2,555
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	41,205	20,380	20,830	5,200	2,600	2,600
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	305	125	180	20	10	15
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	290	115	175	20	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	205	85	120	15	0	15
Métis single ancestry	75	25	55	10	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	15	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,255	540	720	220	110	105
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,240	525	710	215	110	105
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,045	435	605	145	75	75
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	190	90	105	70	40	30
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	20	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	39,645	19,715	19,930	4,960	2,480	2,480
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	41,205	20,380	20,830	5,195	2,600	2,595
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	700	295	405	280	145	130
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	30	15	20	35	20	20
Chinese	95	30	65	25	20	10
Black	160	60	100	90	50	45
Filipino	10	10	10	35	15	20
Latin American	70	40	30	30	15	20
Arab	125	70	55	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	80	20	65	20	15	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	30	20	15	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	40	20	20	10	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	15	0	10	10	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	40,510	20,085	20,425	4,920	2,455	2,465
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	41,205	20,375	20,830	5,200	2,600	2,600
North American Aboriginal origins	1,560	660	900	235	115	120
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,285	550	740	165	75	90
Inuit	10	0	10	0	0	0
Métis	300	135	165	75	45	30
Other North American origins	27,355	13,345	14,010	1,825	885	945
Acadian	165	90	75	10	10	0
American	315	140	180	110	50	65
Canadian	26,155	12,770	13,385	1,735	845	890
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	30	10	20
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Québécois	1,075	550	525	10	10	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	19,220	9,665	9,555	4,205	2,090	2,115
British Isles origins	5,230	2,660	2,570	2,885	1,395	1,490
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	1,450	765	680	1,705	800	905
Irish	3,170	1,535	1,635	1,245	590	655
Manx	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	1,460	755	705	1,060	565	495
Welsh	55	35	25	135	55	80
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	230	110	125	170	80	95
French origins	12,840	6,335	6,505	535	230	305
Alsatian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Breton	105	60	50	0	0	0
Corsican	60	20	40	0	0	0
French	12,710	6,265	6,450	530	235	305
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,780	815	965	770	400	365
Austrian	125	45	75	15	15	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	485	265	220	45	35	15
Dutch	185	65	120	215	100	120
Flemish	30	15	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	920	410	510	510	265	245
Luxembourger	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	170	75	90	15	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	190	80	110	150	65	80
Danish	75	30	45	0	10	0
Finnish	25	15	10	15	15	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	15	0	10
Norwegian	50	20	30	55	25	30
Swedish	55	25	25	50	20	25
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Eastern European origins	1,325	650	675	470	240	230
Bulgarian	15	0	15	10	10	10
Byelorussian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	65	30	35	20	15	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	50	25	20	20	10	15
Estonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	125	60	65	35	30	10
Latvian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	35	15	20	40	15	30
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	450	225	230	205	100	110
Romanian	180	100	80	10	10	0
Russian	310	130	180	55	20	35
Slovak	25	20	0	20	20	0
Ukrainian	230	120	105	115	55	55
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	2,385	1,225	1,160	1,035	560	475
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	25	10	10	70	40	30
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	205	105	100	20	0	10
Italian	1,605	815	785	735	410	325
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	50	25	25
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	245	140	100	120	55	60
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	15	10	10	30	25	0
Spanish	315	150	165	55	20	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	35	30	10	10	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	110	70	40	25	15	15
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	60	35	25	20	10	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	50	35	15	0	10	0
Caribbean origins	125	60	70	95	50	45
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	75	30	45	0	0	0
Jamaican	15	10	0	75	40	35
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	10	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	10	10	10	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	20	10	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	245	120	125	80	35	50
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	30	15	15	15	10	10
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	15	10	10	40	20	25
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	90	45	45	10	0	10
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salvadorean	20	0	10	0	0	0
Uruguayan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	440	225	220	60	35	20
Central and West African origins	50	25	20	10	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	15	10	10	0	0	0
North African origins	340	175	165	0	0	0
Algerian	105	60	45	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	80	45	35	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	110	55	55	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	45	20	30	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	35	20	20	50	25	20
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	0	0	0	0
South African	10	0	0	40	25	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	15	0	15	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Asian origins	770	360	415	225	110	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	445	245	200	75	30	50
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	70	35	35	10	0	0
Armenian	45	30	15	10	0	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	10	10	10	40	10	30
Iraqi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Israeli	10	10	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	175	95	80	0	0	10
Palestinian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	60	30	25	10	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	10	0	10	45	20	20
Bangladeshi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	10	0	0	40	15	20
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	315	110	200	115	65	55
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	155	55	100	35	25	10
Filipino	20	0	10	50	20	30
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	35	20	10	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	15	0	0	0
Laotian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	60	15	45	20	10	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	55	40	20	10	0	0
Australian	10	10	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	20	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	35	25	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	20,700	...	...	1,915	...	...
Owner	15,720	...	...	1,630	...	...
Renter	4,975	...	...	280	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	20,695	...	...	1,910	...	...
Condominium	1,820	...	...	55	...	...
Not condominium	18,880	...	...	1,855	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	20,700	...	...	1,910	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	2,230	...	...	105	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,760	...	...	190	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,155	...	...	980	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,520	...	...	640	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	20,700	...	...	1,915	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,880	...	...	195	...	...
5 rooms	3,765	...	...	230	...	...
6 rooms	3,430	...	...	405	...	...
7 rooms	2,995	...	...	325	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,625	...	...	760	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	20,700	...	...	1,910	...	...
One person or fewer per room	20,670	...	...	1,900	...	...
More than 1 person per room	25	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	20,695	...	...	1,910	...	...
Suitable	20,375	...	...	1,860	...	...
Not suitable	330	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	20,700	...	...	1,915	...	...
1960 or before	3,550	...	...	185	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,340	...	...	705	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,490	...	...	270	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,525	...	...	450	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,950	...	...	85	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,450	...	...	30	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,385	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	20,700	...	...	1,910	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	19,480	...	...	1,815	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,215	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	20,700	...	...	1,915	...	...
1 household maintainer	13,445	...	...	1,030	...	...
2 household maintainers	7,110	...	...	845	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	145	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	20,695	...	...	1,910	...	...
15 to 24 years	255	...	...	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,365	...	...	325	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,380	...	...	350	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,750	...	...	525	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,670	...	...	370	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,760	...	...	220	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,005	...	...	80	...	...
85 years and over	515	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	20,685	...	...	1,910	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	15,525	...	...	1,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,150	...	...	405	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,465	...	...	350	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,725	...	...	1,625	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.4	...	...	74.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	18.4	...	...	16.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	926	...	...	1,505	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,037	...	...	1,422	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	274,596	...	...	389,788	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	322,154	...	...	423,402	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,975	...	...	280	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	4.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.7	...	...	49.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	787	...	...	1,082	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	858	...	...	1,225	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	36,415	18,030	18,385	4,185	2,115	2,065
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,245	2,690	2,555	785	445	340
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	8,365	4,085	4,280	1,355	725	630
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,805	11,250	11,550	2,040	945	1,090
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,940	3,665	2,275	370	280	85
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	4,195	2,280	1,915	140	80	65
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,740	1,380	360	225	205	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	7,135	3,175	3,960	1,120	440	680
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,020	805	1,220	50	20	30
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,710	3,605	4,100	500	200	295
Bachelor's degree	5,120	2,290	2,830	360	130	230
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	775	350	420	55	40	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	175	90	10	0	0
Master's degree	1,340	665	670	65	30	35
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	220	125	95	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	22,515	10,890	11,625	3,020	1,550	1,465
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,370	1,305	1,065	380	245	135
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,385	2,145	2,235	950	555	395
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,760	7,435	8,325	1,690	750	935
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,340	2,595	1,745	290	220	70
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,120	1,620	1,500	115	55	60
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,220	975	245	180	170	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,960	2,215	2,745	925	360	565
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,165	440	725	50	20	30
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,295	2,190	3,110	430	150	280
Bachelor's degree	3,700	1,560	2,140	315	95	220
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	490	175	320	35	25	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	75	85	0	0	10
Master's degree	825	330	495	60	25	40
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	115	50	65	10	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	36,415	18,025	18,385	4,185	2,115	2,065
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	13,615	6,780	6,835	2,145	1,170	975
Education	2,055	540	1,515	80	20	60
13. Education	2,055	540	1,515	80	20	60
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,085	485	600	105	40	65
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	110	20	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	960	380	580	100	35	65
Humanities	1,480	580	905	90	35	55
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	240	45	200	10	10	0
23. English language and literature/letters	60	15	45	15	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	755	345	410	30	15	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	45	35	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	10	15	10	0
54. History	115	50	60	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	205	65	145	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,250	755	1,490	280	55	235
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	285	75	210	35	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	405	35	365	105	10	100
22. Legal professions and studies	430	210	215	45	0	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	70	10	60	0	0	0
42. Psychology	440	100	335	45	10	35
45. Social sciences	600	320	280	55	20	35
Business, management and public administration	5,540	2,385	3,150	390	135	260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	335	80	255	50	10	40
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,195	2,305	2,890	340	125	220
Physical and life sciences and technologies	585	320	270	70	25	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	190	75	115	30	10	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	110	40	15	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	90	30	65	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	140	110	35	25	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	530	315	215	65	50	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	410	275	135	60	40	15
25. Library science	60	0	60	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	40	15	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,190	3,885	305	470	435	35
04. Architecture and related services	165	100	65	15	0	10
14. Engineering	600	550	45	20	25	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	925	835	90	90	75	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,005	970	40	145	150	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	915	855	60	120	115	0
48. Precision production	575	570	10	80	70	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	330	165	170	40	30	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	210	95	115	20	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	75	50	25	15	10
Health and related fields	2,820	675	2,145	250	30	220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	315	180	140	45	20	20
51. Health professions and related programs	2,415	430	1,980	210	0	200
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	80	65	20	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,935	1,150	790	190	95	95
12. Personal and culinary services	990	315	675	105	25	85
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	455	395	60	65	55	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	470	425	50	20	15	0
Other	10	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	22,510	10,885	11,625	3,020	1,550	1,470
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,755	3,455	3,305	1,330	800	530
Education	1,130	240	895	65	10	55
13. Education	1,130	240	890	70	15	55
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	760	325	435	85	30	55
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	75	15	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	670	255	420	80	30	55
Humanities	875	335	540	60	20	40
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	140	25	115	0	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	25	15	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	460	220	240	25	10	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	25	15	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	10	15	10	0
54. History	85	45	45	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	110	20	90	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,675	455	1,225	260	45	210
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	65	180	30	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	290	10	285	90	0	85
22. Legal professions and studies	305	120	190	40	0	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	45	0	45	0	0	0
42. Psychology	315	50	265	40	0	35
45. Social sciences	445	205	240	55	20	35
Business, management and public administration	3,820	1,510	2,315	305	100	205
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	240	60	180	35	10	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,575	1,445	2,130	270	90	180
Physical and life sciences and technologies	340	185	160	65	25	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	60	100	30	10	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	75	25	15	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	0	15	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	60	45	0	25	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	10	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	460	260	200	55	30	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	365	235	130	50	35	20
25. Library science	60	0	60	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	10	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,925	2,695	230	390	355	35
04. Architecture and related services	130	75	55	15	10	10
14. Engineering	405	365	45	25	20	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	635	580	55	80	60	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	720	685	30	120	120	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	645	605	40	105	100	0
48. Precision production	385	380	10	55	45	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	255	125	135	35	25	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	150	65	80	20	15	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	55	50	20	15	10
Health and related fields	2,035	425	1,610	215	25	185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	240	130	110	40	20	20
51. Health professions and related programs	1,755	275	1,480	170	10	170
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	45	15	20	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,465	885	580	155	75	80
12. Personal and culinary services	740	240	500	85	20	70
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	325	275	45	60	45	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	385	360	30	15	15	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	36,415	18,030	18,390	4,180	2,120	2,065
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,615	6,780	6,835	2,145	1,170	975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	22,800	11,245	11,555	2,040	945	1,095
Location of study inside Canada	21,530	10,555	10,970	1,850	825	1,020
Same as province or territory of residence	20,725	10,095	10,630	1,730	760	970
Different than province or territory of residence	805	465	345	120	70	50
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,270	690	580	185	120	70
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	190	110	85	35	20	15
Philippines	0	0	0	20	10	15
India	0	0	0	0	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	80	40	45	50	35	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	0	0	0
France	555	320	235	0	0	0
Other	440	225	210	80	60	25
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	22,515	10,890	11,625	3,020	1,555	1,465
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,755	3,455	3,300	1,330	805	530
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	15,755	7,435	8,325	1,690	750	940
Location of study inside Canada	14,985	7,045	7,940	1,560	670	885
Same as province or territory of residence	14,445	6,775	7,675	1,465	625	840
Different than province or territory of residence	535	270	265	90	45	50
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	770	395	380	130	85	50
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	110	60	50	20	10	10
Philippines	0	0	0	20	10	10
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	40	10	30	25	15	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	360	210	150	0	0	0
Other	255	110	145	70	50	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	36,415	18,025	18,385	4,185	2,120	2,065
In the labour force	20,820	10,885	9,935	3,135	1,665	1,470
Employed	19,390	10,125	9,265	2,925	1,575	1,350
Unemployed	1,435	760	670	210	90	120
Not in the labour force	15,595	7,145	8,450	1,045	445	595
Participation rate	57.2	60.4	54.0	74.9	78.5	71.2
Employment rate	53.2	56.2	50.4	69.9	74.3	65.4
Unemployment rate	6.9	7.0	6.7	6.7	5.4	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	36,415	18,025	18,385	4,180	2,115	2,070
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	13,895	6,290	7,610	990	390	605
Worked	22,520	11,740	10,780	3,190	1,725	1,460
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	9,050	4,885	4,165	1,910	1,190	725
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	13,465	6,850	6,620	1,275	540	740
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.0	40.9	44.3	45.5	42.8
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	20,825	10,885	9,935	3,135	1,665	1,470
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	350	170	180	55	0	50
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	20,475	10,710	9,760	3,075	1,660	1,420
Employee	15,590	7,730	7,860	2,820	1,495	1,320
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	4,885	2,980	1,900	255	160	95
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	20,825	10,885	9,940	3,135	1,665	1,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	350	175	180	60	10	55
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	20,470	10,715	9,755	3,075	1,660	1,415
0 Management occupations	2,855	1,865	990	280	150	125
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,025	885	2,140	455	160	295
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,115	910	210	160	125	30
3 Health occupations	1,250	235	1,015	130	10	115
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,630	835	1,800	305	65	235
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	920	415	505	90	50	45
6 Sales and service occupations	5,355	2,515	2,845	640	225	415
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,600	2,475	120	665	620	45
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	310	265	50	65	50	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	405	320	85	285	195	90
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	20,825	10,885	9,940	3,135	1,665	1,470
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	345	170	180	60	0	55
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	20,475	10,715	9,760	3,075	1,660	1,415
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	135	80	50	25	15	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	40	40	10	0	0	0
22 Utilities	140	100	35	25	15	0
23 Construction	1,790	1,555	235	385	330	55
31-33 Manufacturing	1,455	1,030	425	535	405	135
41 Wholesale trade	665	475	190	175	100	70
44-45 Retail trade	2,910	1,475	1,440	345	140	205
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	865	570	295	195	140	55
51 Information and cultural industries	440	250	190	40	20	20
52 Finance and insurance	545	235	310	50	10	40
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	640	340	300	50	10	40
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,710	990	725	170	75	90
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	975	630	340	130	80	50
61 Educational services	1,550	410	1,135	210	45	165
62 Health care and social assistance	2,415	500	1,915	235	20	220
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	775	450	325	65	40	20
72 Accommodation and food services	1,465	625	835	160	50	105
81 Other services (except public administration)	970	380	590	125	60	65
91 Public administration	995	580	420	150	100	55
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	19,390	10,125	9,265	2,925	1,575	1,350
Worked at home	2,515	1,260	1,255	115	35	75
Worked outside Canada	100	65	35	0	0	10
No fixed workplace address	2,590	1,900	690	425	330	95
Worked at usual place	14,185	6,895	7,290	2,380	1,210	1,170
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	14,185	6,895	7,290	2,380	1,210	1,170
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,935	1,325	1,610	695	325	370
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,405	1,060	1,345	180	60	115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,745	4,460	4,285	1,495	820	680
Commute to a different province or territory	100	55	45	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	16,775	8,795	7,980	2,810	1,540	1,270
Car, truck, van - as a driver	14,885	7,910	6,975	2,450	1,345	1,105
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	595	210	390	175	110	65
Public transit	310	145	155	40	15	25
Walked	670	330	340	135	60	75
Bicycle	60	40	20	10	0	0
Other method	260	160	105	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	16,775	8,795	7,980	2,805	1,535	1,270
Less than 15 minutes	4,365	2,015	2,350	535	245	285
15 to 29 minutes	4,515	2,220	2,295	615	315	295
30 to 44 minutes	3,130	1,605	1,530	575	285	290
45 to 59 minutes	1,965	1,180	785	485	290	195
60 minutes and over	2,800	1,775	1,015	600	405	195
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	16,775	8,795	7,980	2,810	1,535	1,270
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,385	1,030	350	470	375	100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,495	1,610	880	620	410	215
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,485	2,240	2,245	690	320	370
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,900	1,695	2,205	335	95	235
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,150	860	1,290	195	65	130
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,365	1,360	1,005	500	280	215
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	23,115	12,035	11,075	3,280	1,750	1,530
Single responses	21,520	11,185	10,340	3,275	1,745	1,520
Official languages	21,500	11,165	10,330	3,265	1,740	1,525
English	1,970	1,165	800	3,260	1,740	1,515
French	19,530	10,000	9,530	10	0	10
Non-official languages	20	15	10	10	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20	15	10	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	15	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,595	855	740	0	0	0
English and French	1,525	825	700	10	0	10
English and non-official language	20	0	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	15	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	25	15	15	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	23,115	12,035	11,080	3,280	1,745	1,530
None	14,310	7,305	7,005	3,215	1,705	1,510
English	7,435	3,970	3,465	10	0	10
French	1,230	680	545	30	20	10
Non-official language	80	55	25	15	15	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	80	55	25	15	15	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	35	10	25	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	15	10	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	40,875	20,195	20,680	5,115	2,565	2,555
Non-movers	36,195	17,885	18,305	4,380	2,185	2,195
Movers	4,685	2,310	2,370	735	375	360
Non-migrants	1,390	665	730	175	95	80
Migrants	3,295	1,645	1,645	565	280	280
Internal migrants	3,145	1,570	1,575	560	285	280
Intraprovincial migrants	3,040	1,505	1,535	550	280	270
Interprovincial migrants	100	60	40	15	0	10
External migrants	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	39,705	19,605	20,100	4,830	2,435	2,395
Non-movers	25,160	12,655	12,500	3,025	1,530	1,495
Movers	14,540	6,945	7,595	1,805	905	900
Non-migrants	4,010	1,890	2,115	565	285	285
Migrants	10,530	5,055	5,480	1,245	625	620
Internal migrants	10,075	4,815	5,260	1,205	605	605
Intraprovincial migrants	9,755	4,660	5,090	1,150	570	575
Interprovincial migrants	320	150	165	65	35	30
External migrants	460	240	220	35	20	15

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Les Pays-d'en-Haut, MRC [Census division], Quebec and Tottenham [Population centre], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Les Pays-d'en-Haut, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Tottenham [Population centre], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Les Pays-d'en-Haut, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Tottenham [Population centre], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Les Pays-d'en-Haut, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Tottenham [Population centre], Ontario