Census Profile, 2016 Census
Pontiac, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec and Squamish [Census agglomeration], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Pontiac, MÉ Quebec [Census subdivision]			Squamish British Columbia [Census agglomeration]
	Data quality , Pontiac, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : Pontiac, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Squamish [Census agglomeration], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	5,850	...	...	19,893	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	5,681	...	...	17,479	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.0	...	...	13.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,664	...	...	7,702	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	2,252	...	...	7,377	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	13.1	...	...	188.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	448.15	...	...	105.59	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	5,850	3,025	2,825	19,895	10,050	9,840
0 to 14 years	1,145	590	555	3,925	1,995	1,930
0 to 4 years	345	185	165	1,440	710	730
5 to 9 years	415	210	210	1,430	745	685
10 to 14 years	380	195	180	1,050	540	515
15 to 64 years	3,895	1,995	1,895	13,755	6,975	6,780
15 to 19 years	305	155	150	980	535	450
20 to 24 years	285	135	140	985	545	445
25 to 29 years	265	135	135	1,165	605	560
30 to 34 years	400	200	200	1,770	850	915
35 to 39 years	380	185	195	2,000	935	1,060
40 to 44 years	395	215	185	1,860	955	905
45 to 49 years	445	220	230	1,495	785	710
50 to 54 years	525	270	250	1,340	695	640
55 to 59 years	490	270	220	1,170	590	580
60 to 64 years	400	210	185	995	480	515
65 years and over	815	435	380	2,215	1,085	1,130
65 to 69 years	325	185	145	800	415	385
70 to 74 years	240	125	120	555	295	260
75 to 79 years	125	75	55	365	165	200
80 to 84 years	70	35	35	240	105	140
85 years and over	50	20	30	250	100	150
85 to 89 years	40	20	20	150	65	80
90 to 94 years	10	5	5	75	20	50
95 to 99 years	5	0	0	20	5	15
100 years and over	0	0	0	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	19.5	19.6	19.7	19.9	19.6
15 to 64 years	66.6	66.0	67.1	69.1	69.4	68.9
65 years and over	13.9	14.4	13.5	11.1	10.8	11.5
85 years and over	0.9	0.7	1.1	1.3	1.0	1.5
Average age of the population	39.9	40.2	39.5	37.5	37.1	37.8
Median age of the population	41.9	42.4	41.2	37.8	37.7	37.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	2,250	...	...	7,375	...	...
Single-detached house	2,095	...	...	3,455	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	155	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	150	...	...	3,440	...	...
Semi-detached house	45	...	...	560	...	...
Row house	20	...	...	1,140	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	45	...	...	485	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	30	...	...	1,245	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	5	...	...	330	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	2,255	...	...	7,375	...	...
1 person	475	...	...	1,610	...	...
2 persons	850	...	...	2,485	...	...
3 persons	355	...	...	1,325	...	...
4 persons	370	...	...	1,260	...	...
5 or more persons	205	...	...	700	...	...
Number of persons in private households	5,825	...	...	19,495	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	4,710	2,430	2,275	15,970	8,060	7,910
Married or living common law	3,120	1,560	1,560	9,940	4,955	4,985
Married	2,170	1,085	1,085	7,460	3,720	3,735
Living common law	950	480	475	2,485	1,240	1,240
Not married and not living common law	1,585	870	715	6,030	3,100	2,925
Never married	1,085	635	445	4,075	2,350	1,720
Separated	75	40	35	455	215	240
Divorced	270	145	120	895	405	490
Widowed	160	50	115	600	130	465
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,770	...	...	5,625	...	...
2 persons	895	...	...	2,735	...	...
3 persons	355	...	...	1,245	...	...
4 persons	365	...	...	1,255	...	...
5 or more persons	145	...	...	385	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,770	...	...	5,630	...	...
Total couple families	1,550	...	...	4,860	...	...
Married couples	1,075	...	...	3,620	...	...
Common-law couples	475	...	...	1,240	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	220	...	...	765	...	...
Female parent	140	...	...	560	...	...
Male parent	80	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,550	...	...	4,860	...	...
Couples without children	750	...	...	2,255	...	...
Couples with children	800	...	...	2,610	...	...
1 child	305	...	...	1,015	...	...
2 children	350	...	...	1,215	...	...
3 or more children	145	...	...	375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	220	...	...	765	...	...
1 child	140	...	...	480	...	...
2 children	55	...	...	230	...	...
3 or more children	25	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	690	405	285	3,245	1,735	1,510
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	2,250	...	...	7,375	...	...
One-census-family households	1,680	...	...	5,170	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	715	...	...	2,060	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	965	...	...	3,110	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	40	...	...	220	...	...
Non-census-family households	530	...	...	1,990	...	...
One-person households	470	...	...	1,610	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	55	...	...	380	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	5,830	3,015	2,820	19,795	10,010	9,790
English only	1,330	730	595	17,195	8,855	8,335
French only	755	380	370	5	5	0
English and French	3,750	1,895	1,855	2,390	1,060	1,325
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	210	80	125
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	5,830	3,010	2,820	19,795	10,005	9,790
English	2,440	1,255	1,185	19,005	9,640	9,365
French	3,325	1,730	1,595	525	260	265
English and French	70	35	40	60	25	30
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	205	85	125
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	2,470	1,265	1,205	550	270	280
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	42.4	42.0	42.7	2.8	2.7	2.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	5,835	3,010	2,820	19,795	10,010	9,790
Single responses	5,675	2,945	2,730	19,470	9,845	9,620
Official languages	5,490	2,855	2,635	16,605	8,470	8,135
English	2,250	1,160	1,080	16,060	8,200	7,855
French	3,240	1,690	1,550	545	265	280
Non-official languages	185	90	95	2,865	1,375	1,490
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	25	15	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	20	10	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Squamish	0	0	0	10	5	10
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	185	90	95	2,835	1,365	1,475
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	15	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	15	5	10
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	20	10	5	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	5	345	140	195
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	5	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	290	125	165
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Creole languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	145	70	75	2,090	1,045	1,045
Albanian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	10	205	95	105
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	195	90	105
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	5	5
Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Czech	5	0	0	40	20	20
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	60	30	35
Russian	10	0	5	45	20	25
Serbian	5	5	5	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0	15	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	0	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	15	15	480	245	235
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	5	10
Danish	0	5	0	30	15	15
Dutch	10	5	5	75	35	40
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	20	10	10	300	160	145
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Norwegian	0	0	5	15	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	30	10	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5	10	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,115	565	550
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,090	555	535
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,045	525	520
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	25	15	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	35	40	275	125	145
Catalan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Italian	10	5	5	65	35	30
Portuguese	35	15	15	45	15	30
Romanian	10	5	0	10	5	10
Spanish	25	10	15	150	70	75
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5	125	55	70
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	35	20	20
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	135	55	80
Chinese languages	5	5	5	135	60	80
Cantonese	0	0	0	30	10	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	70	30	40
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	50	25	30
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	40	20	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	155	65	90	330	165	165
English and French	125	50	75	70	35	35
English and non-official language	15	10	5	240	115	125
French and non-official language	10	5	5	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	5
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	5,830	3,010	2,820	19,795	10,005	9,790
Single responses	5,680	2,945	2,735	19,245	9,740	9,510
Official languages	5,645	2,925	2,715	17,865	9,050	8,810
English	2,705	1,395	1,310	17,650	8,940	8,710
French	2,935	1,525	1,410	215	115	100
Non-official languages	40	25	20	1,380	685	700
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	40	20	15	1,380	680	695
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	0	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	145	70	75
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	5	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	125	60	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	20	15	1,050	515	535
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	30	15	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	35	20	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	0	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Russian	5	5	0	10	5	5
Serbian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	5
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	60	25	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	30	15	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	835	415	420
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	830	415	415
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	810	405	405
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	10	110	45	65
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Portuguese	5	0	5	25	10	15
Romanian	5	5	0	10	5	5
Spanish	5	0	5	65	30	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	5	65	35	30
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	0	65	35	30
Chinese languages	0	5	0	70	35	35
Cantonese	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	40	20	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	150	70	85	555	270	280
English and French	130	55	75	40	15	25
English and non-official language	10	5	5	495	245	250
French and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	5
English, French and non-official language	10	5	0	10	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	5,830	3,010	2,820	19,795	10,005	9,790
None	4,310	2,260	2,055	17,780	9,075	8,700
English	850	435	415	630	315	320
French	555	270	285	440	195	245
Non-official language	80	35	45	910	405	510
Aboriginal	0	0	0	15	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	80	35	45	900	400	500
English and French	5	5	0	5	5	0
English and non-official language	10	5	0	10	0	5
French and non-official language	25	10	10	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	4,680	2,415	2,270	15,575	7,875	7,700
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,490	2,315	2,175	15,225	7,695	7,525
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,840	39,584	35,612	39,614	47,943	32,859
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,495	2,320	2,175	15,240	7,710	7,530
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,963	33,963	31,936	34,914	40,943	30,004
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,965	2,065	1,900	14,265	7,330	6,940
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,828	38,199	33,835	37,304	45,992	30,629
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,250	1,570	1,680	9,720	4,175	5,545
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,915	7,768	8,022	3,473	2,192	3,988
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,330	1,750	1,580	12,835	6,680	6,160
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,192	38,374	34,432	36,262	44,333	30,261
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	4,680	2,440	2,235	15,575	7,875	7,700
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,525	2,365	2,160	15,205	7,700	7,500
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,182	46,389	41,764	48,168	56,621	39,496
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,525	2,365	2,160	15,225	7,715	7,510
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,057	37,399	34,586	40,231	46,010	34,292
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,995	2,095	1,905	14,225	7,325	6,900
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,885	46,011	39,448	47,088	55,876	37,758
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,305	1,660	1,645	9,730	4,150	5,580
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,636	8,095	9,181	6,432	6,431	6,432
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,330	1,740	1,590	12,840	6,685	6,155
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,911	46,110	39,414	45,292	53,721	36,134
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	4,680	2,440	2,240	15,575	7,875	7,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,730	925	805	5,775	3,300	2,465
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	56,629	61,064	51,799	55,321	63,603	46,653
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,435	63,657	54,556	63,352	71,862	51,952
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	85.6	87.8	82.8	91.4	93.8	88.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.5	72.7	67.9	79.1	81.7	75.2
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	14.5	12.3	17.2	8.6	6.3	11.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	4,680	2,415	2,265	15,575	7,875	7,700
Without total income	190	95	90	360	180	180
With total income	4,490	2,320	2,175	15,225	7,695	7,525
Percentage with total income	95.9	96.1	96.0	97.8	97.7	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	575	275	300	2,005	845	1,155
$10,000 to $19,999	730	350	385	2,030	825	1,210
$20,000 to $29,999	520	275	245	1,890	780	1,110
$30,000 to $39,999	530	275	255	1,750	780	970
$40,000 to $49,999	455	230	225	1,645	770	870
$50,000 to $59,999	415	205	205	1,375	710	665
$60,000 to $69,999	375	200	180	1,115	650	465
$70,000 to $79,999	280	160	125	840	520	315
$80,000 to $89,999	195	105	90	680	410	270
$90,000 to $99,999	130	70	65	455	305	150
$100,000 and over	275	185	95	1,440	1,090	350
$100,000 to $149,999	210	135	75	1,010	755	255
$150,000 and over	65	45	20	435	340	90
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,680	2,415	2,270	15,580	7,875	7,700
Without after-tax income	185	95	95	340	170	175
With after-tax income	4,495	2,315	2,175	15,240	7,710	7,530
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	95.9	95.8	97.8	97.9	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	595	280	320	2,070	890	1,185
$10,000 to $19,999	785	375	410	2,180	905	1,275
$20,000 to $29,999	640	345	290	2,315	1,010	1,305
$30,000 to $39,999	670	350	320	2,125	955	1,170
$40,000 to $49,999	605	315	295	1,855	950	910
$50,000 to $59,999	505	255	250	1,475	840	630
$60,000 to $69,999	285	155	130	1,025	610	415
$70,000 to $79,999	190	110	80	740	480	260
$80,000 and over	220	140	75	1,450	1,070	385
$80,000 to $89,999	90	55	35	520	365	150
$90,000 to $99,999	50	35	20	260	190	70
$100,000 and over	85	55	25	670	510	160
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	4,680	2,415	2,270	15,580	7,875	7,700
Without employment income	1,350	665	685	2,740	1,200	1,545
With employment income	3,330	1,745	1,585	12,840	6,680	6,160
Percentage with employment income	71.2	72.3	69.8	82.4	84.8	80.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	440	220	220	1,625	745	875
$5,000 to $9,999	235	105	125	900	390	510
$10,000 to $19,999	400	215	185	1,495	655	840
$20,000 to $29,999	380	195	180	1,495	670	825
$30,000 to $39,999	325	160	160	1,385	615	775
$40,000 to $49,999	305	155	155	1,230	575	650
$50,000 to $59,999	285	140	150	1,020	520	500
$60,000 to $69,999	305	165	135	845	520	325
$70,000 to $79,999	210	115	95	720	440	275
$80,000 and over	450	280	170	2,120	1,550	575
$80,000 to $89,999	160	90	75	555	345	205
$90,000 to $99,999	95	60	35	390	275	115
$100,000 and over	190	130	60	1,180	930	255
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	2,250	...	...	7,375	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	77,952	...	...	88,366	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,194	...	...	75,827	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	475	...	...	1,610	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,896	...	...	42,624	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,736	...	...	36,890	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,780	...	...	5,770	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,776	...	...	102,560	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,033	...	...	87,442	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	2,250	...	...	7,375	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	88,756	...	...	99,270	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	72,433	...	...	83,029	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	475	...	...	1,610	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,255	...	...	50,831	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,460	...	...	42,523	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,780	...	...	5,765	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,672	...	...	112,807	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,079	...	...	94,348	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	2,250	...	...	7,375	...	...
Under $5,000	25	...	...	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	65	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	45	...	...	165	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	70	...	...	155	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	75	...	...	205	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	70	...	...	210	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	90	...	...	215	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	85	...	...	215	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	75	...	...	235	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	105	...	...	220	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	160	...	...	495	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	170	...	...	520	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	145	...	...	475	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	140	...	...	505	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	145	...	...	465	...	...
$100,000 and over	810	...	...	3,145	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	270	...	...	1,010	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	215	...	...	770	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	220	...	...	825	...	...
$200,000 and over	100	...	...	545	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	2,250	...	...	7,380	...	...
Under $5,000	25	...	...	85	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	65	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	45	...	...	160	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75	...	...	170	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	85	...	...	235	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	90	...	...	285	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	95	...	...	240	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	105	...	...	280	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	115	...	...	265	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	115	...	...	310	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	225	...	...	605	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	190	...	...	605	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	210	...	...	630	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	165	...	...	580	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	135	...	...	510	...	...
$100,000 and over	540	...	...	2,345	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	280	...	...	1,005	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	140	...	...	635	...	...
$150,000 and over	120	...	...	710	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,740	...	...	5,475	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,744	...	...	101,248	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,963	...	...	86,360	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	700	...	...	2,035	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,909	...	...	94,048	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,005	...	...	80,955	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	805	...	...	2,600	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,944	...	...	119,771	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	95,061	...	...	101,325	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	200	...	...	700	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,816	...	...	53,344	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,275	...	...	48,256	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,720	...	...	5,480	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,775	...	...	111,148	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,079	...	...	92,782	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	690	...	...	2,040	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	91,358	...	...	100,459	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,079	...	...	83,851	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	820	...	...	2,605	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	121,087	...	...	132,471	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,403	...	...	109,694	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	190	...	...	680	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,476	...	...	61,704	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,015	...	...	53,962	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	600	365	235	2,850	1,555	1,290
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,392	31,936	30,976	35,698	38,699	32,661
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,840	27,840	27,840	31,440	33,445	29,632
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	630	370	260	2,790	1,510	1,285
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,856	38,657	39,142	44,049	46,393	41,295
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,652	31,566	31,776	37,198	38,666	35,473
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	5,820	3,000	2,820	19,490	9,860	9,630
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,790	1,465	1,320	8,235	4,040	4,190
In the bottom decile	435	250	190	1,625	820	805
In the second decile	500	265	240	1,380	625	755
In the third decile	510	260	250	1,565	785	780
In the fourth decile	615	315	300	1,710	850	860
In the fifth decile	720	370	350	1,955	970	985
In the top half of the distribution	3,030	1,535	1,495	11,260	5,820	5,440
In the sixth decile	720	360	355	2,075	1,055	1,020
In the seventh decile	720	370	345	2,265	1,165	1,105
In the eighth decile	695	350	340	2,360	1,215	1,145
In the ninth decile	560	280	285	2,475	1,295	1,185
In the top decile	345	175	165	2,085	1,095	990
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	5,825	3,005	2,815	19,110	9,675	9,440
0 to 17 years	1,340	690	645	4,440	2,290	2,150
0 to 5 years	425	220	205	1,720	870	850
18 to 64 years	3,670	1,875	1,790	12,710	6,400	6,310
65 years and over	810	435	380	1,960	980	975
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	655	365	295	1,860	865	995
0 to 17 years	145	80	65	550	275	275
0 to 5 years	45	20	25	180	85	95
18 to 64 years	395	220	175	1,130	525	605
65 years and over	115	55	55	180	70	115
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	12.1	10.5	9.7	8.9	10.5
0 to 17 years (%)	10.8	11.6	10.1	12.4	12.0	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	9.1	12.2	10.5	9.8	11.2
18 to 64 years (%)	10.8	11.7	9.8	8.9	8.2	9.6
65 years and over (%)	14.2	12.6	14.5	9.2	7.1	11.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	235	140	95	1,045	560	490
0 to 17 years	30	15	20	255	145	110
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	75	40	35
18 to 64 years	185	110	70	755	400	360
65 years and over	15	10	10	35	15	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.7	3.4	5.5	5.8	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.2	3.1	5.7	6.3	5.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.3	2.4	4.4	4.6	4.1
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.9	3.9	5.9	6.3	5.7
65 years and over (%)	1.9	2.3	2.6	1.8	1.5	1.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	5,820	3,005	2,815	19,490	9,860	9,630
Official languages	5,820	3,005	2,820	19,275	9,775	9,500
English	5,065	2,655	2,410	19,270	9,770	9,500
French	4,495	2,280	2,210	2,365	1,105	1,260
Non-official languages	300	165	140	4,070	2,025	2,050
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	55	20	30
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	35	15	20
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	300	165	140	4,025	2,000	2,025
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	25	0	50	30	20
Berber languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	25	0	50	30	20
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Arabic	25	25	0	30	20	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	20	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	450	200	250
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	15	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	415	180	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	255	135	115	3,015	1,525	1,495
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	265	140	125
Baltic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Latvian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavic languages	20	10	15	255	135	120
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Czech	20	10	15	80	40	40
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	55	35	20
Russian	0	0	0	70	30	45
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0	35	25	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Germanic languages	50	25	20	815	430	380
Afrikaans	0	0	0	80	30	45
Danish	10	0	0	30	20	10
Dutch	15	0	10	85	50	40
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	30	20	10	555	300	250
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	70	35	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	10	1,170	600	575
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	10	1,150	585	560
Bengali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	0	15
Hindi	20	15	10	145	80	60
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,085	565	520
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	190	100	90	780	350	430
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Italian	35	10	20	80	40	40
Portuguese	40	20	20	65	30	40
Romanian	10	10	0	10	0	10
Spanish	125	60	65	680	305	370
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	220	115	105
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	70	30	40
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	50	25	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	20	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	140	55	90
Chinese languages	10	0	15	140	55	90
Cantonese	0	0	0	30	0	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10	80	35	55
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	60	25	35
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	55	20	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	5,820	3,005	2,815	19,490	9,860	9,630
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	5,750	2,955	2,790	17,980	9,100	8,880
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,300	650	645	4,400	2,280	2,120
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	4,450	2,305	2,145	13,575	6,820	6,760
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	75	50	30	1,515	765	750
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	5,820	3,000	2,820	19,490	9,860	9,630
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	5,585	2,870	2,715	15,580	7,900	7,685
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	235	135	100	3,545	1,750	1,790
Before 1981	105	55	40	1,050	560	490
1981 to 1990	45	20	20	325	145	180
1991 to 2000	35	20	15	580	290	295
2001 to 2010	45	25	20	1,010	490	520
2001 to 2005	15	10	10	485	210	280
2006 to 2010	25	15	10	525	285	235
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	15	10	0	580	275	305
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	10	360	210	155
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	230	135	100	3,545	1,755	1,790
Under 5 years	35	20	15	345	185	160
5 to 14 years	70	40	30	485	235	245
15 to 24 years	45	25	15	830	440	395
25 to 44 years	80	40	35	1,515	725	800
45 years and over	10	10	0	365	170	195
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	235	135	100	3,545	1,755	1,790
Americas	30	20	10	460	235	225
Brazil	10	0	0	20	0	15
Colombia	0	0	0	30	20	10
El Salvador	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	40	15	25
Peru	0	0	0	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	20	15	10	280	135	145
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	10	80	50	30
Europe	150	75	70	1,390	730	660
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	10	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	15	10	0	35	25	0
Germany	0	0	0	190	95	100
Greece	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	25	10	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Italy	20	10	10	20	20	0
Netherlands	10	10	0	65	30	40
Poland	0	0	0	40	30	10
Portugal	10	0	0	10	10	0
Romania	10	10	0	20	20	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	15	10	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	25	10	15
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	0	15	700	375	325
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	30	205	90	110
Africa	20	15	0	135	60	70
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	10	0	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	90	35	55
Other places of birth in Africa	0	10	0	30	15	15
Asia	35	15	20	1,400	645	760
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	0	10	65	15	50
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	20	15	10
India	0	0	0	690	340	350
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	100	35	60
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	40	20	20
Lebanon	10	0	0	10	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Philippines	0	0	0	385	165	220
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	55	25	35
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	155	90	65
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	10	15	0	585	275	305
Americas	0	0	0	90	40	50
Brazil	0	0	0	20	10	15
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	65	30	35
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	160	90	75
France	10	10	0	10	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	15	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	90	60	35
Other places of birth in Europe	0	10	0	40	15	25
Africa	0	0	0	60	25	30
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	45	15	30
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	10	0
Asia	0	0	0	230	95	135
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	85	45	45
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	110	40	70
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	45	25	20
Australia	0	0	0	20	10	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	20	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	5,820	3,005	2,815	19,495	9,860	9,630
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	275	150	125	4,225	2,145	2,085
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	405	205	200	4,410	2,235	2,180
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	5,140	2,650	2,495	10,855	5,490	5,365
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	135	80	55	2,540	1,220	1,315
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	90	55	35	1,200	610	590
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	40	30	15	635	345	290
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	45	25	20	570	270	305
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	40	20	15	1,250	545	705
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	10	0	85	65	25
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	5,820	3,005	2,820	19,490	9,865	9,630
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	535	295	240	1,275	645	630
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	520	285	235	1,225	610	615
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	175	100	75	870	410	460
Métis	345	185	160	345	185	155
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	10	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	0	0	40	30	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	5,285	2,710	2,575	18,215	9,220	9,000
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	5,820	3,005	2,815	19,495	9,860	9,630
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	105	55	50	685	350	330
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	5,715	2,950	2,760	18,810	9,515	9,300
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	5,820	3,005	2,820	19,490	9,865	9,630
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	215	120	95	435	205	235
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	210	115	95	430	200	235
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	80	45	30	395	180	215
Métis single ancestry	135	70	65	40	20	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	505	295	215	1,120	590	530
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	485	280	200	1,085	570	515
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	280	175	100	740	375	365
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	200	110	100	335	185	145
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	25	10	15	35	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	10	15	35	15	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	5,095	2,590	2,505	17,935	9,075	8,865
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	5,820	3,000	2,820	19,490	9,860	9,630
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	85	55	30	2,815	1,390	1,425
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	10	10	0	1,295	690	610
Chinese	30	10	20	200	85	110
Black	0	10	0	125	55	65
Filipino	0	10	0	575	260	315
Latin American	0	0	0	115	60	60
Arab	20	15	0	15	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	70	30	35
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	30	20	10
Korean	0	0	0	75	25	45
Japanese	0	0	0	245	125	120
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	10	0	60	30	30
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	5,735	2,945	2,790	16,675	8,470	8,205
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	5,820	3,005	2,815	19,490	9,860	9,630
North American Aboriginal origins	725	415	310	1,555	790	765
First Nations (North American Indian)	385	240	150	1,165	570	595
Inuit	0	0	0	20	15	10
Métis	365	190	175	415	225	185
Other North American origins	3,345	1,740	1,605	5,070	2,510	2,555
Acadian	10	0	10	0	0	0
American	0	0	10	325	140	185
Canadian	3,280	1,710	1,570	4,830	2,395	2,435
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	15	10	10	35	30	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	35	20	15	10	0	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	3,595	1,825	1,765	15,045	7,640	7,400
British Isles origins	2,075	1,020	1,060	11,145	5,575	5,570
Channel Islander	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	845	430	410	6,515	3,245	3,270
Irish	1,380	665	725	3,885	1,845	2,045
Manx	0	0	10	15	10	10
Scottish	750	370	375	5,135	2,525	2,610
Welsh	40	15	30	635	305	330
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	20	0	15	960	490	470
French origins	2,090	1,075	1,015	2,280	1,175	1,110
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	15	10	10	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	2,080	1,065	1,015	2,275	1,170	1,100
Western European origins (except French origins)	495	255	245	4,225	2,115	2,105
Austrian	10	0	0	280	125	155
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	10	0	15	110	65	45
Dutch	105	45	60	985	480	505
Flemish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
German	365	205	160	2,950	1,490	1,460
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	25	10	15	230	135	95
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	50	35	15	1,975	965	1,010
Danish	10	0	10	365	155	215
Finnish	10	10	0	175	80	90
Icelandic	0	0	0	200	115	90
Norwegian	25	15	0	635	325	310
Swedish	0	10	0	715	325	395
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	70	40	25
Eastern European origins	190	95	95	2,755	1,435	1,325
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Byelorussian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	15	10	10	210	120	95
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	20	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0	25	15	0
Hungarian	35	15	20	320	125	190
Latvian	0	0	0	45	20	30
Lithuanian	10	0	0	50	25	25
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	65	30	35	820	410	410
Romanian	10	0	0	90	55	35
Russian	30	15	20	510	265	245
Slovak	10	15	0	85	40	40
Ukrainian	40	15	25	1,035	560	480
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Southern European origins	295	150	150	1,705	840	870
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	95	35	55
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	40	10	25	95	50	50
Italian	110	50	55	945	450	495
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	95	60	35	175	90	85
Serbian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Spanish	70	40	30	410	205	205
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	40	25	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	10	0	10	200	100	100
Basque	0	0	0	15	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	70	20	45
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	10	10	0	115	70	45
Caribbean origins	0	0	0	85	35	45
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	10	0	10	30	10	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	10	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	10	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	40	25	15	285	130	150
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	10	0	10
Argentinian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Brazilian	0	10	0	10	10	10
Chilean	0	0	0	55	30	25
Colombian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	110	55	55
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	20	15	0	10	10	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	15	10	10	10	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	10	10	0	230	100	135
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	10	10	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	0	0	0	50	25	30
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	40	15	25
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	105	50	55
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	85	35	45
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	10	0	0	70	15	55
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	20	0	20
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	10	0	45	15	30
Asian origins	130	85	50	2,775	1,375	1,400
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	45	35	10	155	85	70
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Iraqi	0	0	0	10	10	10
Israeli	0	10	0	15	15	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	35	20	15	50	20	30
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	20	10	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	35	30	10	1,320	695	615
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	35	30	10	1,155	600	550
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	140	80	65
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	10	15	0
Tamil	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	50	25	25
East and Southeast Asian origins	55	20	30	1,325	605	720
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	40	20	25	290	140	155
Filipino	0	0	0	615	275	345
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	35	0	30
Japanese	10	0	10	300	150	155
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	90	40	55
Laotian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	20	15	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Oceania origins	0	0	0	260	130	130
Australian	0	10	0	145	60	85
New Zealander	0	0	0	70	35	35
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	50	40	15
Fijian	0	0	0	20	15	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	15	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	2,250	...	...	7,375	...	...
Owner	1,970	...	...	5,360	...	...
Renter	285	...	...	1,990	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	2,250	...	...	7,375	...	...
Condominium	15	...	...	1,870	...	...
Not condominium	2,235	...	...	5,505	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	2,255	...	...	7,375	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	30	...	...
1 bedroom	135	...	...	630	...	...
2 bedrooms	455	...	...	1,645	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,030	...	...	3,020	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	635	...	...	2,050	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	2,255	...	...	7,375	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	325	...	...	1,805	...	...
5 rooms	330	...	...	1,305	...	...
6 rooms	410	...	...	1,105	...	...
7 rooms	340	...	...	960	...	...
8 or more rooms	845	...	...	2,195	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	2,250	...	...	7,375	...	...
One person or fewer per room	2,240	...	...	7,270	...	...
More than 1 person per room	15	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	2,250	...	...	7,375	...	...
Suitable	2,205	...	...	7,050	...	...
Not suitable	50	...	...	325	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	2,250	...	...	7,375	...	...
1960 or before	575	...	...	425	...	...
1961 to 1980	680	...	...	2,675	...	...
1981 to 1990	290	...	...	775	...	...
1991 to 2000	210	...	...	1,290	...	...
2001 to 2005	150	...	...	500	...	...
2006 to 2010	240	...	...	1,065	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	110	...	...	655	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	2,250	...	...	7,375	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	2,030	...	...	6,850	...	...
Major repairs needed	225	...	...	525	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	2,255	...	...	7,380	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,155	...	...	3,690	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,060	...	...	3,385	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	35	...	...	300	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	2,255	...	...	7,380	...	...
15 to 24 years	35	...	...	140	...	...
25 to 34 years	300	...	...	1,210	...	...
35 to 44 years	425	...	...	1,965	...	...
45 to 54 years	535	...	...	1,685	...	...
55 to 64 years	475	...	...	1,180	...	...
65 to 74 years	340	...	...	720	...	...
75 to 84 years	120	...	...	360	...	...
85 years and over	25	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	2,170	...	...	7,240	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,830	...	...	5,370	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	340	...	...	1,870	...	...
30% to less than 100%	290	...	...	1,515	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,895	...	...	5,270	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.8	...	...	72.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.5	...	...	21.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,012	...	...	1,752	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,105	...	...	1,733	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	290,606	...	...	698,353	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	334,310	...	...	724,362	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	280	...	...	1,985	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.7	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	28.6	...	...	36.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	727	...	...	1,201	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	763	...	...	1,304	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,680	2,440	2,240	15,580	7,875	7,705
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,090	670	420	1,930	1,065	860
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,250	585	665	4,080	2,130	1,950
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,345	1,185	1,155	9,570	4,680	4,895
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	610	445	160	1,585	1,250	335
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	380	230	150	675	410	265
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	225	210	15	910	840	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	960	435	525	3,075	1,345	1,730
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	115	35	75	705	235	470
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	660	275	390	4,210	1,845	2,360
Bachelor's degree	440	130	310	2,815	1,270	1,545
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	55	40	15	340	120	220
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	125	40	80
Master's degree	135	80	60	800	355	445
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	20	20	0	125	55	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,265	1,680	1,585	11,730	5,810	5,920
No certificate, diploma or degree	585	380	210	885	520	370
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	835	390	450	2,800	1,440	1,355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,840	910	930	8,040	3,840	4,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	475	330	145	1,240	965	275
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	310	180	130	525	305	215
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	165	155	20	715	655	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	725	330	395	2,560	1,100	1,460
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	85	25	60	550	175	370
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	550	220	335	3,695	1,605	2,095
Bachelor's degree	365	100	265	2,500	1,135	1,365
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	25	15	285	95	190
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	10	0	115	35	75
Master's degree	130	80	45	705	300	405
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	15	10	10	95	35	65
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,680	2,440	2,235	15,580	7,880	7,700
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,335	1,255	1,085	6,005	3,200	2,810
Education	160	40	120	665	140	525
13. Education	160	40	125	660	140	525
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	70	35	40	455	205	250
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	10	90	65	20
50. Visual and performing arts	60	25	35	365	135	230
Humanities	105	25	80	470	200	270
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25	0	30	50	0	45
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	145	50	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	40	15	30	150	70	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	35	15	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	0	30	20	15
54. History	15	10	10	40	35	0
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	0	20	10	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	270	75	190	1,120	370	750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	10	0	15	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	0	30	115	30	85
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	45	0	40	185	20	165
22. Legal professions and studies	55	25	30	165	35	130
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	25	0	20
42. Psychology	25	10	15	200	45	155
45. Social sciences	115	35	75	415	225	190
Business, management and public administration	460	125	335	1,720	605	1,115
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	15	115	20	95
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	445	125	320	1,600	580	1,015
Physical and life sciences and technologies	85	50	35	370	180	190
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	10	20	185	45	140
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	0	15	35	25	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	25	25	0	125	95	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	20	15	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	110	60	50	295	205	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	90	55	35	215	165	50
25. Library science	20	0	15	35	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	40	35	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	590	550	40	1,830	1,705	120
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	10	100	80	20
14. Engineering	50	20	25	375	345	35
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	115	115	10	265	225	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	175	170	0	520	510	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	150	150	0	360	355	0
48. Precision production	85	80	0	205	190	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	95	65	35	370	245	125
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	60	35	30	95	45	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	30	10	270	195	80
Health and related fields	215	40	175	1,625	395	1,235
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	15	10	10	290	160	130
51. Health professions and related programs	195	35	165	1,320	225	1,100
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	10	20	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	180	120	60	650	435	220
12. Personal and culinary services	85	30	55	365	160	200
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	75	70	10	50	55	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	20	0	240	215	20
Other	0	0	0	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,265	1,675	1,585	11,725	5,810	5,920
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,425	765	660	3,685	1,965	1,725
Education	100	30	75	505	115	390
13. Education	105	25	75	505	110	390
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	55	20	35	400	175	225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0	70	50	25
50. Visual and performing arts	45	15	30	330	130	200
Humanities	70	15	55	385	175	215
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20	0	15	40	0	30
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	125	50	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	10	10	125	55	65
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	30	15	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	30	20	15
54. History	15	0	10	30	25	10
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	225	65	155	1,010	325	685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	15	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	10	20	105	25	75
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	40	0	45	160	10	150
22. Legal professions and studies	30	20	15	150	30	120
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	20	10	15
42. Psychology	15	0	15	195	45	145
45. Social sciences	95	40	60	370	200	170
Business, management and public administration	380	105	275	1,470	535	935
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	15	95	10	80
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	360	105	255	1,375	520	855
Physical and life sciences and technologies	60	35	25	315	140	170
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	10	10	165	50	120
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	10	0	25	15	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	15	15	0	105	65	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	95	50	40	250	170	80
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	75	45	30	200	155	50
25. Library science	10	0	10	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	10	25	15	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	440	415	30	1,445	1,330	120
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	100	80	20
14. Engineering	40	20	15	310	280	35
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	95	95	0	220	185	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	145	145	0	415	405	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	100	105	0	280	275	0
48. Precision production	55	60	0	125	110	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	80	50	30	305	180	125
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	55	30	25	65	25	45
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	20	0	235	155	80
Health and related fields	195	30	165	1,420	350	1,070
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	15	0	10	270	145	125
51. Health professions and related programs	180	30	155	1,140	200	940
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	10	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	150	95	55	525	345	180
12. Personal and culinary services	65	20	50	305	135	165
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	60	60	0	45	40	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	15	0	180	160	15
Other	0	0	0	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,680	2,445	2,235	15,580	7,880	7,705
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,335	1,255	1,085	6,005	3,195	2,810
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,340	1,190	1,155	9,570	4,680	4,895
Location of study inside Canada	2,265	1,135	1,125	7,730	3,755	3,970
Same as province or territory of residence	1,205	550	650	5,360	2,605	2,760
Different than province or territory of residence	1,060	585	470	2,370	1,160	1,210
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	85	55	30	1,845	925	925
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	30	15	10	320	170	145
Philippines	0	0	0	215	80	135
India	0	0	0	150	90	65
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	15	15	0	395	210	185
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	20	10	20
France	10	0	0	25	20	10
Other	30	20	10	720	350	370
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,265	1,680	1,590	11,725	5,805	5,920
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,425	765	660	3,690	1,965	1,720
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,840	915	930	8,040	3,840	4,195
Location of study inside Canada	1,795	885	915	6,565	3,145	3,415
Same as province or territory of residence	970	425	545	4,510	2,130	2,375
Different than province or territory of residence	820	455	360	2,055	1,015	1,040
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	50	25	15	1,480	695	780
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	15	10	10	260	140	120
Philippines	0	0	0	180	65	115
India	0	0	0	135	75	55
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	10	10	0	285	150	135
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	20	0	15
France	0	10	0	25	20	0
Other	15	10	10	580	245	330
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	4,680	2,440	2,235	15,575	7,875	7,705
In the labour force	3,155	1,690	1,465	11,835	6,325	5,510
Employed	2,995	1,585	1,410	11,185	5,935	5,245
Unemployed	160	110	50	655	385	265
Not in the labour force	1,525	745	780	3,740	1,550	2,190
Participation rate	67.4	69.3	65.5	76.0	80.3	71.5
Employment rate	64.0	65.0	63.1	71.8	75.4	68.1
Unemployment rate	5.1	6.5	3.4	5.5	6.1	4.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	4,680	2,445	2,235	15,575	7,875	7,700
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,465	730	730	3,250	1,400	1,850
Worked	3,220	1,715	1,505	12,325	6,475	5,855
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,795	985	810	5,940	3,415	2,525
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,425	730	695	6,385	3,060	3,325
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.0	43.9	44.0	42.6	43.1	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	3,155	1,690	1,465	11,835	6,325	5,510
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	45	35	15	80	45	30
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	3,110	1,660	1,450	11,755	6,280	5,480
Employee	2,650	1,330	1,320	9,855	5,115	4,740
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	465	335	130	1,905	1,165	740
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	3,155	1,695	1,460	11,835	6,325	5,510
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	45	30	15	75	45	30
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	3,110	1,660	1,450	11,755	6,275	5,480
0 Management occupations	375	235	140	1,390	870	520
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	655	190	455	1,400	390	1,010
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	200	125	70	815	605	210
3 Health occupations	120	20	100	895	140	760
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	355	100	255	1,225	385	840
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	70	20	50	615	325	295
6 Sales and service occupations	525	195	325	2,920	1,275	1,645
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	640	605	30	2,055	1,935	120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	155	140	15	260	205	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	25	20	0	185	145	40
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	3,155	1,695	1,460	11,835	6,325	5,510
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	45	35	15	80	45	35
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	3,110	1,660	1,450	11,755	6,275	5,480
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	150	110	40	220	160	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	120	110	10
22 Utilities	0	0	0	95	65	25
23 Construction	405	345	55	1,425	1,280	145
31-33 Manufacturing	50	35	20	410	280	125
41 Wholesale trade	55	30	25	195	135	65
44-45 Retail trade	300	130	170	1,270	655	615
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	220	130	90	630	465	170
51 Information and cultural industries	60	35	25	280	170	105
52 Finance and insurance	80	35	50	340	120	215
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	30	20	10	140	55	85
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	95	45	50	965	490	480
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	15	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	170	140	35	555	310	245
61 Educational services	180	40	135	785	235	555
62 Health care and social assistance	250	50	200	1,280	175	1,105
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	60	25	35	495	270	220
72 Accommodation and food services	125	60	65	1,530	730	805
81 Other services (except public administration)	155	110	45	395	195	195
91 Public administration	720	315	405	620	365	260
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,995	1,580	1,410	11,185	5,940	5,245
Worked at home	230	130	105	1,340	645	700
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	70	40	35
No fixed workplace address	430	395	30	1,955	1,595	360
Worked at usual place	2,320	1,040	1,275	7,815	3,660	4,155
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	2,320	1,045	1,275	7,815	3,665	4,155
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	220	105	115	4,875	2,095	2,780
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	65	30	35	1,090	555	530
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,070	455	615	1,805	975	830
Commute to a different province or territory	970	460	510	55	35	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,750	1,445	1,305	9,775	5,260	4,515
Car, truck, van - as a driver	2,305	1,295	1,005	7,480	4,165	3,315
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	225	70	165	850	400	450
Public transit	120	30	90	265	85	180
Walked	75	30	40	620	280	335
Bicycle	20	15	0	395	200	200
Other method	10	0	0	160	125	35
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,750	1,445	1,305	9,775	5,260	4,510
Less than 15 minutes	300	175	130	4,565	2,170	2,395
15 to 29 minutes	660	330	335	1,455	700	750
30 to 44 minutes	710	370	335	765	495	270
45 to 59 minutes	575	270	305	1,480	905	575
60 minutes and over	505	305	205	1,510	985	525
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,750	1,445	1,305	9,770	5,260	4,515
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	320	215	105	675	510	170
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	895	515	380	1,955	1,295	655
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	805	390	420	2,565	1,390	1,175
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	340	135	210	2,190	860	1,330
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	135	55	80	1,090	450	635
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	260	135	115	1,310	755	555
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	3,325	1,775	1,545	12,720	6,675	6,050
Single responses	2,920	1,585	1,330	12,625	6,615	6,010
Official languages	2,915	1,585	1,335	12,585	6,595	5,985
English	1,735	995	735	12,515	6,580	5,935
French	1,180	590	595	65	10	55
Non-official languages	0	0	0	40	20	25
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	410	190	215	105	60	40
English and French	410	190	215	20	15	10
English and non-official language	0	0	0	80	50	30
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	3,325	1,780	1,545	12,725	6,670	6,050
None	1,795	1,015	780	12,095	6,360	5,730
English	740	360	380	70	20	45
French	765	385	380	270	150	120
Non-official language	15	10	10	260	140	125
Aboriginal	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	10	10	0	250	135	120
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	0	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	5,755	2,975	2,780	19,175	9,700	9,475
Non-movers	5,210	2,675	2,540	15,500	7,760	7,740
Movers	545	305	245	3,670	1,940	1,730
Non-migrants	125	85	40	1,860	945	915
Migrants	420	220	200	1,810	990	815
Internal migrants	390	200	190	1,535	840	690
Intraprovincial migrants	320	160	165	1,245	680	570
Interprovincial migrants	65	40	30	290	170	120
External migrants	30	20	15	270	150	120
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	5,470	2,810	2,655	18,020	9,120	8,900
Non-movers	3,925	2,025	1,900	9,080	4,655	4,425
Movers	1,540	785	755	8,945	4,465	4,475
Non-migrants	640	340	300	4,075	2,020	2,060
Migrants	900	440	455	4,865	2,450	2,415
Internal migrants	890	435	460	4,085	2,050	2,030
Intraprovincial migrants	705	345	360	3,245	1,610	1,630
Interprovincial migrants	190	90	95	845	440	400
External migrants	10	10	0	780	400	380

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Pontiac, MÉ [Census subdivision], Quebec and Squamish [Census agglomeration], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 28, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Pontiac, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec and Squamish [Census agglomeration], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Pontiac, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec and Squamish [Census agglomeration], British Columbia

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Pontiac, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec and Squamish [Census agglomeration], British Columbia