Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Halton, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, MRC Quebec [Census division]			Halton, RM Ontario [Census division]
	Data quality , Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec Map : Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Halton, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	52,741	...	...	548,435	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	52,520	...	...	501,674^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.4	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	25,450	...	...	198,164	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	22,909	...	...	192,977	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	19.0	...	...	568.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,779.97	...	...	964.05	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	52,740	26,450	26,290	548,435	266,350	282,085
0 to 14 years	8,540	4,335	4,200	107,215	54,955	52,260
0 to 4 years	2,745	1,425	1,325	30,600	15,665	14,935
5 to 9 years	3,050	1,555	1,495	37,970	19,425	18,550
10 to 14 years	2,740	1,355	1,380	38,640	19,870	18,775
15 to 64 years	33,370	17,050	16,325	359,410	175,205	184,205
15 to 19 years	2,630	1,345	1,280	36,440	18,625	17,815
20 to 24 years	2,725	1,395	1,330	31,910	16,620	15,290
25 to 29 years	2,670	1,350	1,315	26,185	13,025	13,165
30 to 34 years	3,055	1,560	1,500	30,420	14,000	16,420
35 to 39 years	3,195	1,655	1,540	37,930	17,475	20,460
40 to 44 years	2,690	1,385	1,305	43,580	20,915	22,660
45 to 49 years	2,780	1,445	1,335	44,370	21,640	22,730
50 to 54 years	4,225	2,135	2,090	43,045	21,150	21,895
55 to 59 years	5,005	2,515	2,490	36,820	18,125	18,695
60 to 64 years	4,400	2,260	2,140	28,700	13,630	15,070
65 years and over	10,835	5,070	5,765	81,810	36,190	45,620
65 to 69 years	3,440	1,755	1,680	25,465	11,735	13,725
70 to 74 years	2,680	1,285	1,395	19,665	9,120	10,545
75 to 79 years	1,955	885	1,070	14,640	6,655	7,985
80 to 84 years	1,455	605	850	10,795	4,630	6,165
85 years and over	1,300	525	770	11,245	4,050	7,190
85 to 89 years	900	375	530	7,110	2,820	4,290
90 to 94 years	340	135	205	3,310	1,045	2,265
95 to 99 years	55	20	35	720	175	550
100 years and over	10	5	5	100	15	85
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2	16.4	16.0	19.5	20.6	18.5
15 to 64 years	63.3	64.5	62.1	65.5	65.8	65.3
65 years and over	20.5	19.2	21.9	14.9	13.6	16.2
85 years and over	2.5	2.0	2.9	2.1	1.5	2.5
Average age of the population	43.8	43.1	44.4	39.4	38.4	40.4
Median age of the population	46.6	45.7	47.6	40.5	39.6	41.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	22,905	...	...	192,980	...	...
Single-detached house	13,845	...	...	112,875	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	65	...	...	21,890	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	8,880	...	...	58,135	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,440	...	...	10,140	...	...
Row house	345	...	...	33,815	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,835	...	...	2,565	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,070	...	...	11,395	...	...
Other single-attached house	195	...	...	215	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	115	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	22,910	...	...	192,980	...	...
1 person	7,095	...	...	37,660	...	...
2 persons	8,990	...	...	57,970	...	...
3 persons	2,960	...	...	34,005	...	...
4 persons	2,550	...	...	41,485	...	...
5 or more persons	1,315	...	...	21,855	...	...
Number of persons in private households	51,175	...	...	540,980	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	44,205	22,115	22,090	441,220	211,395	229,825
Married or living common law	27,425	13,660	13,765	276,820	138,070	138,750
Married	16,220	8,085	8,135	249,100	124,250	124,850
Living common law	11,200	5,575	5,630	27,720	13,820	13,905
Not married and not living common law	16,775	8,455	8,325	164,395	73,325	91,070
Never married	10,505	6,130	4,375	109,315	57,430	51,890
Separated	545	285	260	11,205	4,435	6,770
Divorced	2,875	1,320	1,550	21,825	7,145	14,685
Widowed	2,860	720	2,140	22,050	4,320	17,725
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	15,425	...	...	156,535	...	...
2 persons	8,925	...	...	63,340	...	...
3 persons	2,840	...	...	35,150	...	...
4 persons	2,485	...	...	42,205	...	...
5 or more persons	1,170	...	...	15,850	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	15,425	...	...	156,535	...	...
Total couple families	13,430	...	...	135,605	...	...
Married couples	7,835	...	...	121,760	...	...
Common-law couples	5,590	...	...	13,845	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,995	...	...	20,930	...	...
Female parent	1,425	...	...	16,655	...	...
Male parent	565	...	...	4,280	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	13,430	...	...	135,605	...	...
Couples without children	7,710	...	...	51,365	...	...
Couples with children	5,720	...	...	84,245	...	...
1 child	2,250	...	...	28,320	...	...
2 children	2,325	...	...	40,485	...	...
3 or more children	1,140	...	...	15,445	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,990	...	...	20,930	...	...
1 child	1,220	...	...	11,975	...	...
2 children	590	...	...	6,830	...	...
3 or more children	190	...	...	2,125	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,690	4,625	4,060	56,975	23,225	33,745
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	22,910	...	...	192,975	...	...
One-census-family households	15,235	...	...	146,465	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	7,615	...	...	47,170	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	7,625	...	...	99,295	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	90	...	...	4,890	...	...
Non-census-family households	7,580	...	...	41,625	...	...
One-person households	7,090	...	...	37,660	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	485	...	...	3,960	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	52,085	26,175	25,905	544,020	264,660	279,360
English only	20	10	5	484,060	239,545	244,515
French only	43,770	21,260	22,515	380	160	220
English and French	8,270	4,890	3,375	52,665	22,295	30,370
Neither English nor French	25	20	5	6,920	2,660	4,260
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	52,080	26,175	25,905	544,025	264,660	279,365
English	185	105	80	524,050	256,185	267,865
French	51,840	26,035	25,805	9,155	4,040	5,110
English and French	30	20	15	4,040	1,845	2,195
Neither English nor French	25	15	5	6,780	2,590	4,190
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	205	115	90	11,170	4,965	6,205
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.4	0.4	0.3	2.1	1.9	2.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	52,080	26,175	25,905	544,020	264,660	279,360
Single responses	51,945	26,100	25,845	528,785	257,245	271,540
Official languages	51,705	25,970	25,730	394,090	193,360	200,725
English	180	105	80	385,160	189,415	195,750
French	51,520	25,870	25,655	8,930	3,945	4,980
Non-official languages	245	130	115	134,695	63,885	70,810
Aboriginal languages	50	25	20	20	5	15
Algonquian languages	50	25	20	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	50	25	20	5	0	5
Atikamekw	45	25	20	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	195	100	95	134,675	63,875	70,800
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5	11,005	5,560	5,445
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	120	50	65
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	25	5	15
Somali	0	0	0	95	50	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	10,850	5,490	5,360
Amharic	0	0	0	70	30	35
Arabic	15	5	10	9,875	5,040	4,830
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	280	130	150
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	120	50	70
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	95	55	45
Maltese	0	0	0	285	120	165
Tigrigna	0	0	0	45	25	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	1,380	595	780
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	20	25
Vietnamese	10	5	5	1,335	580	755
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	6,125	2,370	3,755
Bikol	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cebuano	0	0	5	215	80	130
Fijian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	55	25	30
Ilocano	0	0	0	200	90	110
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	280	115	165
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	95	40	55
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	5,200	1,980	3,215
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	30
Creole languages	10	5	5	170	85	80
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	105	55	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	2,495	1,235	1,255
Kannada	0	0	0	115	60	55
Malayalam	0	0	0	575	285	295
Tamil	0	0	0	1,370	675	700
Telugu	0	0	0	410	210	205
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	45	50	90,635	43,450	47,185
Albanian	0	0	0	635	310	325
Armenian	0	0	0	300	150	150
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	24,880	11,495	13,385
Baltic languages	0	0	0	545	225	320
Latvian	0	0	0	190	75	115
Lithuanian	0	0	0	360	150	210
Slavic languages	10	0	5	24,340	11,270	13,065
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	265	125	140
Bulgarian	0	0	0	530	260	270
Croatian	0	0	5	4,035	1,990	2,045
Czech	0	0	0	615	265	350
Macedonian	0	0	0	700	335	365
Polish	0	0	0	8,785	3,990	4,795
Russian	5	5	5	3,485	1,540	1,945
Serbian	0	0	0	2,695	1,295	1,400
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	275	125	150
Slovak	0	0	0	700	320	375
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	385	165	215
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,815	815	995
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Celtic languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	10
Welsh	0	0	0	35	20	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Germanic languages	10	5	5	7,480	3,390	4,090
Afrikaans	0	0	0	340	155	185
Danish	0	0	0	310	145	160
Dutch	0	0	0	2,250	1,060	1,185
Frisian	0	0	0	30	15	10
German	10	5	5	4,230	1,875	2,355
Icelandic	0	0	0	20	10	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	65	30	35
Swedish	0	0	0	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	65	20	40
Yiddish	0	0	0	25	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	0	5	0	1,425	710	720
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	0	29,120	14,420	14,705
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	25,490	12,625	12,865
Bengali	0	0	0	855	435	420
Gujarati	0	0	0	2,040	985	1,055
Hindi	0	0	0	2,680	1,310	1,370
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	20	30
Konkani	0	0	0	130	65	75
Marathi	0	0	0	205	100	110
Nepali	0	0	0	120	50	70
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	30	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	5	6,585	3,265	3,320
Sindhi	0	0	0	275	140	135
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	480	230	250
Urdu	0	0	0	12,035	6,015	6,020
Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,500	1,720	1,780
Kurdish	0	0	0	90	45	40
Pashto	0	0	0	580	275	305
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	2,835	1,395	1,430
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	75	60
Italic (Romance) languages	70	35	35	26,730	12,940	13,785
Catalan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Italian	15	10	5	7,060	3,645	3,420
Portuguese	5	0	0	7,335	3,580	3,755
Romanian	0	5	0	2,200	1,035	1,165
Spanish	50	20	30	10,095	4,670	5,425
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	5	5	0	410	130	280
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Georgian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Korean	0	0	0	3,505	1,615	1,890
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	795	365	430
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	220	95	130
Bamanankan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ewe	0	0	0	15	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ganda	0	0	0	10	10	5
Igbo	0	0	0	55	25	30
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Shona	0	0	0	65	30	30
Swahili	0	0	0	80	35	45
Wolof	0	0	0	5	0	5
Yoruba	0	0	0	170	90	85
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	125	55	70
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	5	35	15	20
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Sign languages	15	10	5	200	100	100
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	70	70
Quebec Sign Language	0	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	5	5	60	30	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	14,675	6,800	7,875
Chinese languages	20	10	5	14,590	6,760	7,825
Cantonese	5	5	0	3,365	1,530	1,835
Hakka	0	0	0	85	30	50
Mandarin	10	5	5	10,335	4,805	5,525
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	315	145	170
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	195	95	100
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	290	140	150
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	85	40	45
Burmese	0	0	0	35	20	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	215	80	135
Lao	0	0	0	70	30	40
Thai	0	0	0	145	50	100
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,040	535	510
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	40	20	20
Turkish	0	0	0	950	480	470
Uyghur	0	0	0	25	15	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	5	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Uralic languages	5	5	0	1,955	915	1,035
Estonian	0	0	0	160	80	85
Finnish	0	0	0	245	100	150
Hungarian	0	5	0	1,540	735	810
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20
Multiple responses	135	70	60	15,235	7,415	7,820
English and French	95	50	45	1,595	740	855
English and non-official language	0	0	0	12,690	6,250	6,440
French and non-official language	40	20	15	430	195	235
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	525	235	290
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	52,080	26,175	25,905	544,020	264,665	279,360
Single responses	51,900	26,080	25,825	512,385	249,415	262,970
Official languages	51,790	26,015	25,775	451,570	220,380	231,190
English	80	40	40	448,015	218,720	229,295
French	51,705	25,970	25,730	3,555	1,660	1,895
Non-official languages	115	65	45	60,815	29,035	31,785
Aboriginal languages	35	20	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	30	25	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	35	20	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	30	20	15	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	75	45	35	60,815	29,035	31,785
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	5,170	2,515	2,655
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Somali	0	0	0	40	15	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	0	5,115	2,495	2,620
Amharic	0	0	0	30	10	15
Arabic	5	5	0	4,745	2,330	2,415
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	115	50	65
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	60	25	35
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	40	20	20
Maltese	0	0	0	55	25	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0	20	10	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	660	300	365
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vietnamese	5	5	0	655	295	360
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	2,350	1,030	1,325
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	70	30	40
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	65	25	35
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	90	40	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	2,065	895	1,165
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Creole languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	1,180	560	615
Kannada	0	0	0	40	20	20
Malayalam	0	0	0	240	115	120
Tamil	0	0	0	690	325	370
Telugu	0	0	0	215	100	105
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	25	37,555	18,000	19,550
Albanian	0	0	0	225	120	110
Armenian	0	0	0	120	55	65
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	10,245	4,910	5,335
Baltic languages	0	0	0	140	65	70
Latvian	0	0	0	35	15	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	100	50	50
Slavic languages	5	0	5	10,105	4,840	5,265
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	120	60	60
Bulgarian	0	0	0	290	150	140
Croatian	0	0	0	1,280	605	675
Czech	0	0	0	165	80	85
Macedonian	0	0	0	285	130	155
Polish	0	0	0	3,675	1,755	1,915
Russian	5	0	0	2,190	1,035	1,155
Serbian	0	0	0	1,230	605	630
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	95	45	50
Slovak	0	0	0	235	115	115
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	60	25	30
Ukrainian	0	0	0	465	225	240
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	5
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	895	425	470
Afrikaans	0	0	0	130	55	70
Danish	0	0	0	20	5	10
Dutch	0	0	0	175	85	90
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	0	5	515	240	275
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swedish	0	0	0	40	25	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	5	0	310	145	165
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	15,205	7,355	7,855
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	13,180	6,405	6,775
Bengali	0	0	0	475	235	240
Gujarati	0	0	0	960	440	520
Hindi	0	0	0	1,105	530	575
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	5
Konkani	0	0	0	30	15	15
Marathi	0	0	0	80	40	40
Nepali	0	0	0	65	35	35
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	3,565	1,740	1,825
Sindhi	0	0	0	105	50	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	190	90	100
Urdu	0	0	0	6,595	3,230	3,365
Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,970	920	1,050
Kurdish	0	0	0	45	25	25
Pashto	0	0	0	345	160	180
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	1,580	730	850
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	15	10,540	4,990	5,550
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,150	495	650
Portuguese	0	0	0	2,435	1,160	1,275
Romanian	0	0	0	985	460	525
Spanish	30	15	15	5,955	2,870	3,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Japanese	0	0	0	130	60	65
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	2,340	1,100	1,245
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	150	55	95
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	60	15	40
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0	5	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	20	10	5
Swahili	0	0	0	10	5	10
Wolof	0	0	0	5	0	5
Yoruba	0	0	0	25	5	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5	285	140	145
American Sign Language	0	0	0	185	90	95
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	95	50	50
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	0	9,820	4,695	5,120
Chinese languages	10	10	5	9,785	4,680	5,105
Cantonese	0	0	0	1,635	785	845
Hakka	0	0	0	15	5	10
Mandarin	10	5	5	7,725	3,690	4,035
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	125	65	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	180	90	90
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	35	20	20
Burmese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	95	40	50
Lao	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thai	0	0	0	70	30	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	530	270	260
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	500	250	250
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	10	5
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	475	230	245
Estonian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Finnish	0	0	0	45	30	20
Hungarian	0	0	0	415	195	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Multiple responses	180	100	80	31,635	15,245	16,390
English and French	100	60	40	1,255	575	675
English and non-official language	0	0	0	29,460	14,260	15,200
French and non-official language	70	35	30	110	45	70
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	810	365	440
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	52,080	26,175	25,905	544,025	264,660	279,360
None	50,995	25,565	25,425	457,960	224,140	233,820
English	870	500	375	32,050	15,695	16,355
French	100	50	50	6,745	2,850	3,895
Non-official language	95	55	40	45,645	21,240	24,410
Aboriginal	5	0	5	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal	90	50	40	45,630	21,235	24,400
English and French	0	0	0	350	155	195
English and non-official language	20	10	10	565	275	290
French and non-official language	0	0	0	695	305	390
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	10	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	42,650	21,530	21,115	433,845	208,575	225,270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	41,450	21,070	20,375	414,995	199,625	215,375
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,735	39,942	24,034	42,577	52,979	35,067
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	41,465	21,070	20,395	415,105	199,645	215,460
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,447	34,843	22,528	37,779	45,755	31,629
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	36,235	19,215	17,020	388,030	190,215	197,810
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,443	35,204	20,355	41,212	52,274	32,748
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	32,945	15,900	17,040	278,820	118,770	160,050
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,808	8,765	8,848	2,716	899	3,878
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	28,800	15,815	12,980	327,610	167,275	160,335
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,281	35,650	21,984	42,556	52,445	35,370
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	42,645	21,535	21,120	433,845	208,570	225,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	41,440	21,025	20,415	415,130	199,760	215,370
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,097	47,063	30,892	64,762	82,349	48,449
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	41,460	21,030	20,430	415,265	199,795	215,465
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,750	38,550	26,782	50,228	61,595	39,687
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	36,285	19,220	17,070	388,265	190,275	197,985
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,993	43,708	27,305	64,579	82,799	47,069
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	32,640	15,645	16,990	278,800	119,045	159,755
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,627	9,560	9,689	6,495	5,841	6,982
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	28,800	15,790	13,015	327,605	166,985	160,630
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,426	42,809	28,682	63,534	79,267	47,179
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	42,650	21,530	21,115	433,845	208,570	225,275
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	11,730	6,525	5,200	167,465	94,250	73,210
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	45,897	53,028	37,496	68,481	76,851	59,762
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	53,693	62,228	42,985	90,417	106,100	70,227
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	80.5	84.6	73.9	93.3	95.8	89.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	64.9	68.2	59.8	77.4	80.4	72.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	19.5	15.4	26.1	6.7	4.2	10.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	42,645	21,530	21,115	433,845	208,575	225,275
Without total income	1,200	460	740	18,850	8,945	9,900
With total income	41,450	21,070	20,380	414,995	199,625	215,370
Percentage with total income	97.2	97.9	96.5	95.7	95.7	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,910	1,670	3,235	60,625	24,840	35,780
$10,000 to $19,999	8,270	3,055	5,210	55,380	21,525	33,855
$20,000 to $29,999	6,530	2,780	3,750	44,190	17,490	26,705
$30,000 to $39,999	5,800	3,045	2,760	37,575	15,700	21,875
$40,000 to $49,999	5,095	3,025	2,070	35,955	15,710	20,245
$50,000 to $59,999	3,595	2,330	1,265	31,205	14,580	16,630
$60,000 to $69,999	2,100	1,400	705	26,850	13,485	13,365
$70,000 to $79,999	1,595	950	640	22,000	11,805	10,195
$80,000 to $89,999	995	720	270	19,210	10,450	8,755
$90,000 to $99,999	810	630	180	17,375	9,305	8,075
$100,000 and over	1,760	1,465	295	64,620	44,735	19,885
$100,000 to $149,999	1,380	1,175	205	37,770	24,690	13,085
$150,000 and over	375	285	90	26,855	20,050	6,800
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	42,650	21,530	21,115	433,845	208,575	225,270
Without after-tax income	1,180	460	725	18,740	8,925	9,815
With after-tax income	41,465	21,075	20,395	415,105	199,645	215,460
Percentage with after-tax income	97.2	97.9	96.6	95.7	95.7	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,165	1,700	3,465	62,650	25,340	37,310
$10,000 to $19,999	8,660	3,215	5,445	58,025	22,625	35,400
$20,000 to $29,999	8,055	3,695	4,365	51,210	20,500	30,710
$30,000 to $39,999	7,330	4,140	3,190	45,955	19,645	26,310
$40,000 to $49,999	5,200	3,345	1,855	43,660	20,095	23,570
$50,000 to $59,999	2,835	1,825	1,010	35,835	18,115	17,720
$60,000 to $69,999	1,735	1,155	580	28,645	15,580	13,065
$70,000 to $79,999	1,125	895	225	24,875	13,680	11,190
$80,000 and over	1,355	1,110	250	64,245	44,065	20,180
$80,000 to $89,999	565	475	85	17,520	10,635	6,885
$90,000 to $99,999	285	240	40	11,170	7,390	3,775
$100,000 and over	505	385	120	35,555	26,040	9,520
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	42,650	21,530	21,115	433,845	208,570	225,270
Without employment income	13,845	5,710	8,135	106,235	41,300	64,940
With employment income	28,800	15,815	12,980	327,610	167,275	160,335
Percentage with employment income	67.5	73.5	61.5	75.5	80.2	71.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,990	2,150	1,845	43,435	21,150	22,280
$5,000 to $9,999	2,475	1,020	1,460	24,760	10,705	14,060
$10,000 to $19,999	4,590	1,890	2,695	35,860	15,540	20,315
$20,000 to $29,999	3,950	1,825	2,120	27,595	11,840	15,755
$30,000 to $39,999	3,505	1,860	1,650	25,355	10,685	14,675
$40,000 to $49,999	2,810	1,735	1,075	25,075	10,960	14,115
$50,000 to $59,999	2,085	1,405	680	23,105	10,905	12,200
$60,000 to $69,999	1,345	895	450	20,500	10,500	10,005
$70,000 to $79,999	1,260	765	500	17,430	9,500	7,930
$80,000 and over	2,785	2,270	515	84,490	55,495	29,000
$80,000 to $89,999	780	590	185	15,950	8,800	7,150
$90,000 to $99,999	655	520	135	15,100	8,040	7,055
$100,000 and over	1,355	1,160	195	53,445	38,650	14,795
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	22,905	...	...	192,975	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	58,076	...	...	103,009	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	51,031	...	...	87,183	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	7,095	...	...	37,660	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,885	...	...	48,351	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,377	...	...	41,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	15,815	...	...	155,315	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,944	...	...	119,408	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	63,933	...	...	100,204	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	22,910	...	...	192,980	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,725	...	...	139,315	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,270	...	...	108,085	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,080	...	...	37,720	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,323	...	...	67,110	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,852	...	...	52,741	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	15,825	...	...	155,255	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,116	...	...	156,858	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,984	...	...	121,532	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	22,910	...	...	192,975	...	...
Under $5,000	150	...	...	2,095	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	295	...	...	1,240	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	800	...	...	2,255	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,255	...	...	3,365	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,165	...	...	4,480	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,000	...	...	4,295	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,450	...	...	4,835	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,195	...	...	5,265	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,190	...	...	5,430	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,160	...	...	5,310	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,220	...	...	11,225	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,890	...	...	11,230	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,620	...	...	10,905	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,400	...	...	10,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,165	...	...	10,695	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,940	...	...	99,580	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,140	...	...	23,360	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,320	...	...	19,035	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,035	...	...	25,620	...	...
$200,000 and over	440	...	...	31,570	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	22,910	...	...	192,975	...	...
Under $5,000	155	...	...	2,350	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	1,295	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	800	...	...	2,340	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,335	...	...	3,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,310	...	...	5,035	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,235	...	...	4,895	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,695	...	...	5,745	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,470	...	...	6,365	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,480	...	...	6,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,405	...	...	6,835	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,580	...	...	14,030	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,100	...	...	13,780	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,730	...	...	13,875	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,350	...	...	13,410	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,120	...	...	12,390	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,855	...	...	80,400	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,655	...	...	25,580	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	690	...	...	18,595	...	...
$150,000 and over	505	...	...	36,230	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	15,500	...	...	152,760	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,124	...	...	119,370	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	64,028	...	...	100,086	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	7,510	...	...	46,115	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,194	...	...	100,760	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	55,189	...	...	85,501	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	5,745	...	...	84,425	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,585	...	...	144,502	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	86,624	...	...	119,554	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,945	...	...	19,255	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,826	...	...	71,677	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,938	...	...	63,258	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	15,515	...	...	152,665	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,271	...	...	156,969	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,059	...	...	121,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	7,510	...	...	46,385	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,046	...	...	137,751	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	63,264	...	...	106,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	5,740	...	...	84,325	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,868	...	...	183,977	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,947	...	...	141,355	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,950	...	...	19,105	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,785	...	...	89,060	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,106	...	...	73,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	7,990	4,290	3,700	47,400	19,920	27,480
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,638	33,316	22,744	43,669	48,387	40,822
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,498	29,344	22,080	38,292	41,747	36,168
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	7,930	4,225	3,710	47,480	19,965	27,510
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,532	40,699	29,645	61,514	72,452	53,575
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,246	33,649	26,368	48,694	54,946	44,156
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	51,175	25,865	25,310	540,975	263,490	277,485
In the bottom half of the distribution	31,115	15,365	15,750	175,895	82,040	93,855
In the bottom decile	3,655	1,700	1,955	30,550	14,465	16,085
In the second decile	6,110	2,780	3,325	30,465	13,485	16,975
In the third decile	6,990	3,485	3,505	34,080	15,475	18,605
In the fourth decile	7,275	3,735	3,540	37,605	17,850	19,760
In the fifth decile	7,085	3,665	3,420	43,190	20,770	22,420
In the top half of the distribution	20,055	10,495	9,565	365,080	181,450	183,635
In the sixth decile	6,210	3,225	2,980	49,605	24,165	25,445
In the seventh decile	5,245	2,725	2,520	56,615	27,720	28,895
In the eighth decile	4,010	2,085	1,925	66,750	33,065	33,685
In the ninth decile	2,980	1,600	1,385	82,425	41,175	41,250
In the top decile	1,610	860	755	109,685	55,325	54,355
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	51,170	25,860	25,310	540,980	263,490	277,490
0 to 17 years	10,045	5,115	4,935	129,300	66,175	63,130
0 to 5 years	3,335	1,735	1,600	37,615	19,280	18,335
18 to 64 years	31,600	16,115	15,485	335,195	162,670	172,525
65 years and over	9,525	4,640	4,890	76,480	34,645	41,840
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,765	3,040	3,720	44,485	20,350	24,140
0 to 17 years	1,070	530	540	13,530	6,935	6,595
0 to 5 years	330	160	165	3,460	1,745	1,715
18 to 64 years	3,595	1,685	1,910	25,390	11,510	13,880
65 years and over	2,095	830	1,270	5,565	1,905	3,665
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.2	11.8	14.7	8.2	7.7	8.7
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.4	10.9	10.5	10.5	10.4
0 to 5 years (%)	9.9	9.2	10.3	9.2	9.1	9.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.4	10.5	12.3	7.6	7.1	8.0
65 years and over (%)	22.0	17.9	26.0	7.3	5.5	8.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,235	1,115	1,120	32,140	15,010	17,135
0 to 17 years	330	175	160	9,225	4,725	4,500
0 to 5 years	100	50	50	2,285	1,155	1,135
18 to 64 years	1,795	905	885	19,880	9,260	10,625
65 years and over	110	40	70	3,030	1,025	2,010
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.3	4.4	5.9	5.7	6.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.2	7.1	7.1	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.9	3.1	6.1	6.0	6.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	5.6	5.7	5.9	5.7	6.2
65 years and over (%)	1.2	0.9	1.4	4.0	3.0	4.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	51,170	25,860	25,310	540,975	263,490	277,490
Official languages	51,160	25,850	25,300	534,110	260,835	273,275
English	8,125	4,880	3,245	533,690	260,665	273,025
French	51,115	25,825	25,290	52,710	22,060	30,650
Non-official languages	865	365	500	171,550	81,395	90,160
Aboriginal languages	40	30	10	35	10	25
Algonquian languages	40	25	15	35	10	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	25	20	10	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	15	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	35	10	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	820	335	485	171,515	81,380	90,135
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	15,255	7,785	7,470
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	120	50	65
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	20	10	15
Somali	0	0	0	90	40	50
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	15	15,105	7,730	7,375
Amharic	0	0	0	105	45	55
Arabic	25	10	15	13,680	7,045	6,635
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	330	150	185
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	225	120	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	590	295	290
Maltese	0	0	0	420	210	215
Tigrigna	0	0	0	50	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	55	45
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	10	10	1,665	730	935
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	75	35	35
Vietnamese	10	10	10	1,600	695	910
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	15	0	7,695	3,000	4,700
Bikol	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	315	120	190
Fijian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	55	25	35
Ilocano	0	0	0	250	90	155
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	365	160	205
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	70	30	40
Pangasinan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	10	7,175	2,785	4,395
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	20
Creole languages	10	10	0	600	250	350
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	35	10	20
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	340	140	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	95	125
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	3,785	1,920	1,865
Kannada	0	0	0	275	140	135
Malayalam	0	0	0	990	485	510
Tamil	0	0	0	2,140	1,110	1,030
Telugu	0	0	0	620	305	310
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	675	270	410	118,260	56,580	61,675
Albanian	0	0	0	775	400	375
Armenian	0	0	0	350	190	160
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	29,145	13,730	15,415
Baltic languages	0	0	0	665	270	395
Latvian	0	0	0	205	95	110
Lithuanian	0	0	0	460	175	285
Slavic languages	0	0	0	28,600	13,510	15,095
Belarusan	0	0	0	70	40	25
Bosnian	0	0	0	445	225	225
Bulgarian	0	0	0	640	335	310
Croatian	0	0	0	5,820	2,935	2,885
Czech	0	0	0	900	385	520
Macedonian	0	0	0	1,005	510	490
Polish	10	0	0	10,305	4,595	5,710
Russian	0	0	0	4,775	2,205	2,565
Serbian	0	0	0	3,440	1,690	1,745
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	280	140	140
Slovak	0	0	0	795	350	450
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	450	210	245
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,650	1,225	1,430
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40
Celtic languages	0	0	0	220	100	115
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	65	25	35
Welsh	0	0	0	50	30	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	45	55
Germanic languages	35	20	15	11,190	5,140	6,045
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,000	460	545
Danish	0	0	0	345	145	200
Dutch	0	0	0	2,650	1,220	1,430
Frisian	0	0	0	50	25	25
German	30	15	10	7,130	3,330	3,800
Icelandic	0	0	0	20	10	10
Norwegian	10	10	0	105	35	70
Swedish	0	0	0	270	130	145
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	50	15	35
Yiddish	0	0	0	30	10	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Greek	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,130
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	39,505	19,455	20,045
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35,350	17,420	17,930
Bengali	0	0	0	1,205	595	610
Gujarati	0	0	0	2,880	1,330	1,545
Hindi	0	0	0	9,790	4,725	5,070
Kashmiri	0	0	0	90	50	40
Konkani	0	0	0	260	120	135
Marathi	0	0	0	390	215	170
Nepali	0	0	0	55	15	35
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	55	20	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10,730	5,445	5,285
Sindhi	0	0	0	585	310	275
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	725	355	370
Urdu	0	0	0	17,340	8,700	8,640
Iranian languages	0	0	0	4,490	2,210	2,280
Kurdish	0	0	0	165	90	70
Pashto	0	0	0	890	425	470
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	3,690	1,810	1,885
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	90	95
Italic (Romance) languages	650	255	400	37,495	17,725	19,765
Catalan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Italian	50	40	10	10,870	5,350	5,525
Portuguese	20	10	10	9,515	4,570	4,945
Romanian	15	0	10	2,680	1,275	1,405
Spanish	595	220	370	15,995	7,240	8,750
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	30
Japanese	15	10	10	900	435	460
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	10	4,095	1,915	2,180
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	2,080	960	1,125
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	470	205	265
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	25	0	20
Ewe	0	0	0	35	20	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	60	35	20
Ganda	0	0	0	45	20	25
Igbo	0	0	0	145	75	75
Lingala	0	0	0	125	60	70
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	10	0	35	10	30
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	30	10	20
Shona	0	0	0	50	30	25
Swahili	0	0	0	410	190	225
Wolof	10	0	0	15	10	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	460	215	250
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	170	190
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	80	50	30
Dinka	0	0	0	15	15	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	30	30
Sign languages	55	15	40	850	340	505
American Sign Language	0	0	0	585	205	380
Quebec Sign Language	45	10	35	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	285	145	145
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	10	0	16,685	7,780	8,905
Chinese languages	0	0	0	16,575	7,725	8,850
Cantonese	0	0	0	4,685	2,180	2,505
Hakka	0	0	0	75	30	45
Mandarin	0	0	0	12,235	5,625	6,605
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	390	180	215
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	300	140	155
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	375	170	205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
Burmese	0	0	0	65	30	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	255	110	150
Lao	0	0	0	100	45	50
Thai	10	0	10	170	70	100
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,430	735	695
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	90	45	50
Turkish	0	0	0	1,270	635	635
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	10
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	30	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	2,270	1,060	1,210
Estonian	0	0	0	215	120	95
Finnish	0	0	0	305	130	175
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,755	820	940
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	40
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	51,170	25,865	25,310	540,975	263,490	277,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	50,975	25,770	25,205	502,490	245,760	256,730
Canadian citizens aged under 18	10,065	5,200	4,865	122,000	62,150	59,850
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	40,905	20,570	20,335	380,495	183,610	196,880
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	195	95	105	38,485	17,730	20,755
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	51,170	25,860	25,310	540,980	263,490	277,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	50,660	25,640	25,020	375,815	185,430	190,385
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	450	180	265	160,165	75,805	84,355
Before 1981	80	55	25	48,245	22,860	25,385
1981 to 1990	20	10	15	18,710	8,880	9,830
1991 to 2000	90	35	60	29,940	14,165	15,770
2001 to 2010	160	55	100	42,790	20,210	22,580
2001 to 2005	60	20	35	22,635	10,875	11,765
2006 to 2010	100	35	65	20,155	9,330	10,815
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	100	30	65	20,485	9,695	10,790
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	65	40	25	5,000	2,255	2,750
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	450	185	265	160,165	75,810	84,360
Under 5 years	175	50	125	18,970	9,330	9,640
5 to 14 years	80	30	50	31,250	15,830	15,420
15 to 24 years	35	20	15	31,895	13,715	18,180
25 to 44 years	150	75	75	65,735	31,145	34,585
45 years and over	20	10	10	12,315	5,780	6,530
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	450	180	270	160,165	75,805	84,360
Americas	100	50	50	21,720	9,775	11,950
Brazil	0	0	0	870	375	495
Colombia	0	0	0	2,265	1,045	1,225
El Salvador	0	0	0	420	220	205
Guyana	0	0	0	1,300	580	715
Haiti	30	20	20	60	30	30
Jamaica	0	0	0	2,940	1,245	1,700
Mexico	50	15	35	1,125	480	645
Peru	0	0	0	925	395	530
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	1,805	830	970
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	15	15	0	5,320	2,345	2,980
Other places of birth in Americas	0	10	0	4,685	2,230	2,460
Europe	170	90	75	61,255	29,190	32,060
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	1,070	555	510
Croatia	0	0	0	2,490	1,295	1,190
France	65	35	25	625	290	335
Germany	0	0	0	3,095	1,380	1,720
Greece	0	0	0	730	385	335
Hungary	0	0	0	875	400	475
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	1,240	525	710
Italy	30	20	10	3,785	2,035	1,750
Netherlands	0	0	0	2,020	1,005	1,020
Poland	0	0	0	6,685	2,920	3,765
Portugal	0	0	0	4,680	2,315	2,365
Romania	15	10	10	2,295	1,045	1,250
Russian Federation	10	10	10	1,600	740	855
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	1,235	590	645
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,245	555	690
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	21,300	10,255	11,050
Other places of birth in Europe	50	25	25	6,295	2,895	3,395
Africa	70	30	40	11,070	5,625	5,445
Algeria	10	10	0	105	50	60
Egypt	0	0	0	4,190	2,255	1,935
Ethiopia	0	0	0	120	70	45
Kenya	0	0	0	770	360	410
Morocco	10	0	0	125	55	70
Nigeria	0	0	0	890	455	435
Somalia	0	0	0	100	45	55
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,955	935	1,025
Other places of birth in Africa	50	15	40	2,820	1,405	1,415
Asia	110	10	100	65,445	30,885	34,555
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,240	605	640
Bangladesh	0	0	0	680	330	345
China^{Census data footnote 59}	80	0	85	9,235	4,160	5,080
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	1,600	765	830
India	0	0	0	13,685	6,560	7,120
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	1,800	930	870
Iraq	0	0	0	2,485	1,255	1,230
Japan	0	0	0	305	70	235
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	10	0	3,180	1,475	1,710
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,000	525	475
Pakistan	0	0	0	11,200	5,665	5,535
Philippines	0	0	0	7,255	3,000	4,260
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	1,695	855	845
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	640	340	305
Taiwan	0	0	0	540	215	330
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,450	630	815
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	7,445	3,510	3,935
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	680	335	340
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	100	30	65	20,480	9,695	10,785
Americas	35	10	25	2,975	1,430	1,545
Brazil	0	0	0	230	115	120
Colombia	0	0	0	305	130	175
Cuba	0	0	0	90	55	35
Haiti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	115	80	35
Mexico	35	10	25	285	115	170
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	985	460	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	350	180	170
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	615	305	315
Europe	20	10	10	2,680	1,245	1,435
France	15	10	10	115	55	60
Germany	0	0	0	80	45	40
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	165	95	70
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	20	15	10
Romania	0	0	0	160	70	95
Russian Federation	0	0	0	340	155	185
Ukraine	0	0	0	125	35	95
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	865	460	400
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	805	325	480
Africa	35	10	20	2,390	1,230	1,160
Algeria	10	0	0	20	10	10
Cameroon	10	0	0	20	10	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	25	10	10
Côte d'Ivoire	20	10	15	10	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,400	755	645
Eritrea	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	20	15	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	325	155	170
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	165	85	80
Tunisia	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	335	165	170
Asia	10	0	15	12,305	5,725	6,575
Afghanistan	0	0	0	240	130	115
Bangladesh	0	0	0	150	65	80
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	10	2,255	1,035	1,220
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	50	15	35
India	0	0	0	2,165	1,010	1,155
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	265	135	130
Iraq	0	0	0	785	415	365
Israel	0	0	0	135	50	90
Japan	0	0	0	40	25	20
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	10	460	215	245
Lebanon	0	0	0	175	90	85
Nepal	0	0	0	20	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,820	910	915
Philippines	0	0	0	1,855	730	1,130
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	255	115	145
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	105	45	55
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	185	90	100
Taiwan	0	0	0	65	35	30
Turkey	0	0	0	135	75	55
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	365	185	180
Viet Nam	0	0	0	65	30	30
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	715	330	385
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	125	55	75
Australia	0	0	0	95	35	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	30	15	20
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	51,175	25,860	25,310	540,975	263,490	277,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	540	240	300	168,410	79,710	88,700
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	495	230	265	149,060	73,980	75,085
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	50,135	25,395	24,745	223,505	109,805	113,705
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	375	130	245	113,920	53,890	60,035
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	110	45	70	70,450	35,240	35,205
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	60	25	40	25,605	17,505	8,095
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	50	20	30	44,845	17,735	27,115
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	245	85	160	30,550	11,960	18,590
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	15	10	15	12,125	6,315	5,815
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	795	375	420
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	51,170	25,860	25,310	540,975	263,490	277,490
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,880	1,050	830	5,455	2,570	2,885
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,785	1,000	785	5,130	2,420	2,710
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	465	235	230	3,010	1,410	1,595
Métis	1,310	750	555	2,025	955	1,070
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	0	90	50	40
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	60	25	35	130	55	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	30	25	10	205	95	105
Non-Aboriginal identity	49,290	24,810	24,480	535,520	260,915	274,600
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	51,170	25,860	25,310	540,980	263,490	277,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	595	310	285	1,490	665	820
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	50,575	25,550	25,025	539,490	262,825	276,670
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	51,170	25,860	25,310	540,975	263,490	277,485
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,205	665	540	550	275	275
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,185	655	530	545	275	275
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	675	350	320	345	185	160
Métis single ancestry	480	295	190	180	85	100
Inuit single ancestry	30	0	30	20	10	15
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	20	15	10	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,620	815	805	9,040	4,145	4,905
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,570	785	785	8,850	4,065	4,790
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,080	530	550	6,280	2,855	3,420
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	485	255	230	2,405	1,125	1,280
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	170	80	90
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	50	25	25	190	80	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	25	25	150	60	85
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	25	15	15
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	48,345	24,385	23,960	531,385	259,075	272,310
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	51,170	25,865	25,310	540,975	263,490	277,490
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	400	140	260	138,995	66,895	72,105
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	10	0	10	50,075	24,750	25,325
Chinese	95	10	85	19,980	9,425	10,555
Black	160	60	105	15,230	7,365	7,860
Filipino	30	20	10	11,135	4,695	6,435
Latin American	30	10	15	8,945	3,990	4,955
Arab	25	15	15	12,515	6,535	5,985
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	30	10	20	2,905	1,320	1,585
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	4,180	2,090	2,090
Korean	10	10	0	4,890	2,355	2,535
Japanese	0	10	0	1,675	780	890
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	2,760	1,300	1,460
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	10	4,710	2,285	2,420
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	50,775	25,720	25,050	401,980	196,600	205,380
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	51,170	25,860	25,310	540,975	263,490	277,490
North American Aboriginal origins	2,825	1,475	1,350	9,590	4,415	5,175
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,825	925	900	6,805	3,125	3,680
Inuit	35	0	35	230	100	130
Métis	1,040	590	455	2,750	1,280	1,475
Other North American origins	43,480	21,970	21,510	118,785	58,030	60,755
Acadian	195	80	110	710	375	335
American	85	40	45	6,785	3,190	3,595
Canadian	42,370	21,470	20,900	113,600	55,555	58,050
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	20	15	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	380	170	205
Nova Scotian	0	0	10	10	10	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	40	20	15
Québécois	1,160	560	595	150	80	70
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	20	10	10
European origins	13,210	6,675	6,540	372,150	181,180	190,970
British Isles origins	1,940	885	1,055	234,355	114,025	120,330
Channel Islander	0	0	0	100	45	60
Cornish	0	0	0	45	15	30
English	325	160	165	136,905	66,705	70,200
Irish	1,095	470	625	95,295	45,825	49,470
Manx	0	0	0	130	75	60
Scottish	700	335	365	101,465	49,135	52,330
Welsh	0	0	0	10,230	4,905	5,320
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	20	15	0	18,400	8,480	9,915
French origins	11,350	5,815	5,535	42,730	20,100	22,630
Alsatian	0	0	0	65	10	50
Breton	50	20	30	10	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	15	10	0
French	11,305	5,795	5,510	42,660	20,075	22,585
Western European origins (except French origins)	400	185	210	71,945	35,550	36,390
Austrian	10	0	10	3,975	1,950	2,025
Bavarian	0	0	0	65	40	30
Belgian	95	40	60	1,995	1,005	985
Dutch	55	30	25	21,785	10,920	10,865
Flemish	10	10	0	165	80	90
Frisian	0	0	0	45	30	15
German	205	100	110	47,765	23,460	24,305
Luxembourger	0	0	0	70	35	35
Swiss	45	25	15	2,360	1,165	1,195
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	60	25	35	11,795	5,730	6,065
Danish	0	0	0	2,915	1,430	1,490
Finnish	10	0	0	2,575	1,280	1,295
Icelandic	0	0	0	715	355	355
Norwegian	25	15	10	2,595	1,240	1,355
Swedish	15	10	10	3,205	1,485	1,720
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	15	0	15	575	330	245
Eastern European origins	175	95	75	68,315	32,905	35,410
Bulgarian	0	0	0	1,090	605	485
Byelorussian	10	0	0	560	260	300
Czech	0	0	0	2,500	1,170	1,335
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	810	340	470
Estonian	0	0	0	815	410	400
Hungarian	0	0	0	7,665	3,640	4,020
Latvian	0	0	0	985	460	515
Lithuanian	0	0	0	1,810	875	930
Moldovan	0	0	0	110	50	65
Polish	85	55	30	28,700	13,690	15,010
Romanian	20	0	10	4,705	2,285	2,420
Russian	60	20	40	7,640	3,570	4,065
Slovak	0	0	0	2,310	1,125	1,180
Ukrainian	15	10	0	19,960	9,790	10,165
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	195	75	120
Southern European origins	285	140	145	94,555	47,105	47,450
Albanian	0	0	0	900	465	430
Bosnian	0	0	0	780	385	395
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	9,455	4,815	4,640
Cypriot	0	0	0	200	90	105
Greek	0	0	0	5,690	2,815	2,870
Italian	235	115	115	44,695	22,535	22,155
Kosovar	0	0	0	35	15	20
Macedonian	0	0	0	2,145	1,080	1,065
Maltese	0	0	0	2,820	1,375	1,450
Montenegrin	0	0	0	185	130	60
Portuguese	30	10	20	19,560	9,825	9,735
Serbian	0	0	0	4,710	2,430	2,280
Sicilian	0	10	0	140	65	75
Slovenian	0	0	0	2,115	1,080	1,030
Spanish	20	10	10	9,260	4,245	5,020
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	960	435	520
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	105	30	70
Other European origins	65	25	45	2,510	1,255	1,255
Basque	0	0	0	100	65	40
Jewish	0	0	0	1,530	755	780
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	90	35	55
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	130	85	40
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	60	15	40	670	320	350
Caribbean origins	45	20	20	14,405	6,825	7,575
Antiguan	0	0	0	45	25	20
Bahamian	0	0	0	130	55	75
Barbadian	0	0	0	1,105	490	615
Bermudan	0	0	0	115	60	60
Carib	0	0	0	80	25	50
Cuban	0	10	0	690	305	390
Dominican	0	0	0	395	190	210
Grenadian	0	0	0	390	165	220
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	40	20	20	130	65	70
Jamaican	0	0	0	7,770	3,675	4,090
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	65	15	50
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	10
Montserratan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	90	40	50
St. Lucian	0	0	0	165	85	80
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	2,445	1,175	1,275
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	275	140	140
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	1,615	765	850
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	350	150	205
Latin, Central and South American origins	85	30	55	14,550	6,805	7,740
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	410	230	185
Arawak	0	0	0	45	10	35
Argentinian	0	0	0	540	275	265
Belizean	0	0	0	20	15	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	105	55	45
Brazilian	0	0	0	1,035	420	620
Chilean	0	0	0	645	305	340
Colombian	0	0	0	3,250	1,500	1,750
Costa Rican	0	0	0	90	50	40
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	550	230	320
Guatemalan	0	0	0	310	130	180
Guyanese	0	0	0	2,015	1,015	1,005
Hispanic	0	0	0	145	70	70
Honduran	0	0	0	70	45	25
Maya	0	0	0	65	25	45
Mexican	85	35	55	2,060	955	1,095
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	165	55	105
Panamanian	0	0	0	70	25	45
Paraguayan	0	0	0	20	15	10
Peruvian	0	0	0	1,285	600	675
Salvadorean	0	0	0	565	245	320
Uruguayan	0	0	0	160	75	85
Venezuelan	0	0	0	1,295	610	685
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	530	230	300
African origins	170	55	115	16,245	8,180	8,060
Central and West African origins	75	25	50	2,540	1,250	1,290
Akan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Angolan	0	0	0	45	30	15
Ashanti	0	0	0	35	10	20
Beninese	0	0	0	15	0	10
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	0	10	130	70	55
Chadian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Congolese	0	0	0	90	45	50
Edo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ghanaian	0	0	0	745	375	375
Guinean	0	0	0	35	15	20
Ibo	0	0	0	85	35	40
Ivorian	30	10	15	30	10	20
Liberian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	1,030	530	500
Peulh	20	10	10	0	0	0
Senegalese	25	10	15	10	0	10
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	25	10	15
Togolese	0	0	0	20	0	20
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	255	110	150
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	160	60	100
North African origins	50	20	30	7,040	3,640	3,405
Algerian	10	10	0	200	75	120
Berber	10	10	0	70	30	35
Coptic	0	0	0	270	135	140
Dinka	0	0	0	20	15	10
Egyptian	0	0	0	5,865	3,110	2,755
Libyan	0	0	0	45	25	20
Maure	0	0	0	0	10	0
Moroccan	35	10	25	335	145	190
Sudanese	0	0	0	185	100	85
Tunisian	0	0	0	185	75	110
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	120	55	70
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	3,325	1,605	1,720
Afrikaner	0	0	0	70	45	25
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	40	20	15
Burundian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	105	40	65
Ethiopian	0	0	0	150	60	90
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	265	135	125
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	120	75	50
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	10	30	10	20
Seychellois	0	0	0	15	0	15
Somali	0	0	0	190	85	100
South African	0	0	0	1,715	820	890
Tanzanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	120	75	45
Zambian	0	0	0	65	35	30
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	130	50	80
Zulu	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	315	165	150
Other African origins	40	10	30	3,540	1,755	1,780
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	395	180	210
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	40	10	30	3,210	1,610	1,595
Asian origins	275	95	185	116,160	56,285	59,875
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	95	35	55	21,230	10,770	10,455
Afghan	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,135
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	15	0	15	2,325	1,205	1,125
Armenian	0	0	0	1,090	515	570
Assyrian	0	0	0	405	205	200
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	75	35	45
Georgian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hazara	0	0	0	10	10	0
Iranian	0	0	0	3,170	1,630	1,540
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,620	1,335	1,285
Israeli	0	0	0	310	170	140
Jordanian	0	0	0	770	410	365
Kazakh	0	0	0	100	55	45
Kurd	0	0	0	170	75	95
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	15	10	10
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	80	35	45	3,275	1,625	1,650
Palestinian	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,015
Pashtun	0	0	0	205	105	100
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	165	80	90
Syrian	0	0	0	1,525	700	820
Tajik	0	0	0	85	40	50
Tatar	0	0	0	95	45	50
Turk	0	0	0	1,895	1,000	895
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	90	40	45
Yemeni	0	0	0	95	65	30
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	970	430	535
South Asian origins	0	0	0	51,135	25,370	25,770
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	480	200	280
Bengali	0	0	0	420	210	205
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	0	0	10	33,580	16,540	17,035
Goan	0	0	0	410	195	215
Gujarati	0	0	0	195	80	115
Kashmiri	0	0	0	125	65	55
Nepali	0	0	0	55	20	35
Pakistani	0	0	0	12,270	6,240	6,030
Punjabi	0	0	0	2,495	1,220	1,270
Sinhalese	0	0	0	250	115	130
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	2,055	1,010	1,045
Tamil	0	0	0	555	315	240
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	2,790	1,435	1,350
East and Southeast Asian origins	180	55	115	45,265	20,920	24,355
Burmese	0	0	0	120	30	85
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	160	90	70
Chinese	100	10	90	23,975	11,380	12,600
Filipino	30	20	10	12,225	5,240	6,980
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	430	185	250
Japanese	0	0	0	2,400	1,130	1,265
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	10
Korean	10	10	10	5,050	2,440	2,615
Laotian	0	0	0	170	75	95
Malaysian	0	0	0	235	105	130
Mongolian	0	0	0	100	45	55
Singaporean	0	0	0	75	40	35
Taiwanese	0	0	0	255	105	150
Thai	10	10	10	210	85	120
Tibetan	0	0	0	60	25	30
Vietnamese	15	10	0	2,380	1,095	1,285
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	275	140	140
Other Asian origins	10	0	10	905	455	450
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	0	0	905	455	450
Oceania origins	0	0	0	1,085	545	540
Australian	0	0	0	740	345	395
New Zealander	0	0	0	195	135	60
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	180	85	90
Fijian	0	0	0	70	25	45
Hawaiian	0	0	0	35	20	20
Maori	0	0	0	35	15	15
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	20	15	0
Samoan	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	25	15	15
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	22,910	...	...	192,980	...	...
Owner	16,610	...	...	156,165	...	...
Renter	6,305	...	...	36,810	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	22,910	...	...	192,980	...	...
Condominium	1,255	...	...	30,055	...	...
Not condominium	21,655	...	...	162,925	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	22,910	...	...	192,980	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...	155	...	...
1 bedroom	2,010	...	...	13,360	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,715	...	...	30,870	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,970	...	...	74,110	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,200	...	...	74,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	22,910	...	...	192,980	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,845	...	...	30,980	...	...
5 rooms	3,810	...	...	24,100	...	...
6 rooms	3,285	...	...	29,280	...	...
7 rooms	3,255	...	...	30,280	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,710	...	...	78,335	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	22,905	...	...	192,980	...	...
One person or fewer per room	22,890	...	...	190,795	...	...
More than 1 person per room	20	...	...	2,180	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	22,910	...	...	192,980	...	...
Suitable	22,725	...	...	186,525	...	...
Not suitable	185	...	...	6,450	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	22,910	...	...	192,975	...	...
1960 or before	6,230	...	...	24,320	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,630	...	...	50,090	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,015	...	...	26,945	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,345	...	...	25,995	...	...
2001 to 2005	995	...	...	24,890	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,305	...	...	23,225	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,385	...	...	17,520	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	22,910	...	...	192,975	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	21,630	...	...	185,730	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,280	...	...	7,245	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	22,910	...	...	192,980	...	...
1 household maintainer	14,750	...	...	99,475	...	...
2 household maintainers	8,055	...	...	89,675	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	100	...	...	3,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	22,910	...	...	192,975	...	...
15 to 24 years	580	...	...	1,620	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,005	...	...	19,145	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,290	...	...	40,595	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,960	...	...	48,680	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,705	...	...	37,030	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,770	...	...	25,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,090	...	...	14,915	...	...
85 years and over	510	...	...	5,485	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	22,700	...	...	192,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	19,320	...	...	146,770	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,375	...	...	45,690	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,185	...	...	39,380	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,410	...	...	155,855	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.2	...	...	65.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.2	...	...	18.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	840	...	...	1,699	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	890	...	...	1,785	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	170,979	...	...	647,574	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	186,748	...	...	715,422	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,290	...	...	36,800	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.8	...	...	11.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	27.0	...	...	45.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	531	...	...	1,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	580	...	...	1,405	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	42,645	21,535	21,115	433,845	208,570	225,275
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,055	4,605	4,450	53,790	26,625	27,165
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	8,055	3,600	4,450	108,215	52,295	55,920
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,540	13,320	12,220	271,840	129,645	142,195
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,590	7,350	4,235	20,100	14,015	6,080
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	8,400	4,780	3,620	9,425	5,660	3,765
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,190	2,575	610	10,675	8,355	2,320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	7,705	3,375	4,335	91,080	39,725	51,360
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,290	435	855	10,725	4,865	5,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,955	2,160	2,795	149,935	71,045	78,890
Bachelor's degree	3,825	1,615	2,205	101,145	46,140	55,010
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	355	170	180	9,695	4,305	5,385
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	70	75	4,210	2,130	2,080
Master's degree	590	275	315	31,105	16,125	14,980
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	40	30	15	3,780	2,345	1,435
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	27,785	14,085	13,700	289,325	138,850	150,470
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,140	2,155	1,980	14,960	8,450	6,510
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,150	1,930	2,225	58,230	29,375	28,850
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,500	10,005	9,495	216,140	101,030	115,105
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,205	5,705	3,500	12,965	9,160	3,805
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	6,720	3,740	2,975	6,190	3,775	2,415
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,490	1,965	525	6,775	5,385	1,390
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,685	2,470	3,215	70,685	30,830	39,855
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	770	265	500	7,760	3,475	4,285
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,845	1,565	2,275	124,725	57,565	67,160
Bachelor's degree	2,970	1,170	1,795	83,160	37,235	45,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	250	105	150	7,995	3,380	4,615
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	55	60	3,555	1,690	1,870
Master's degree	485	215	270	27,060	13,580	13,480
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25	15	10	2,950	1,680	1,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	42,650	21,535	21,115	433,845	208,570	225,275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	17,105	8,210	8,895	162,000	78,925	83,080
Education	2,215	555	1,665	15,900	3,185	12,715
13. Education	2,215	555	1,665	15,900	3,185	12,715
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415	185	235	10,765	4,550	6,220
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	40	40	1,660	1,295	365
50. Visual and performing arts	335	145	195	9,100	3,245	5,855
Humanities	960	420	540	16,135	5,285	10,850
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	55	10	50	1,420	215	1,205
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	0	4,760	1,080	3,685
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	585	240	345	4,865	1,630	3,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	0	65	35	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	20	825	450	375
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	35	50	775	450	325
54. History	65	45	15	2,635	1,350	1,280
55. French language and literature/letters	110	55	60	785	80	705
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,300	275	1,020	39,370	13,305	26,070
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	285	25	260
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	15	50	4,230	1,660	2,570
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	600	25	575	5,640	340	5,295
22. Legal professions and studies	195	65	130	5,705	1,920	3,780
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	50	10	40	690	125	565
42. Psychology	190	45	140	6,135	1,490	4,645
45. Social sciences	190	120	70	16,675	7,740	8,945
Business, management and public administration	4,915	1,340	3,575	69,215	32,250	36,965
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	80	30	50
44. Public administration and social service professions	405	50	355	3,520	625	2,890
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,495	1,285	3,210	65,620	31,595	34,025
Physical and life sciences and technologies	485	325	160	12,890	6,110	6,780
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	105	80	25	5,310	1,995	3,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	55	10	3,160	1,385	1,775
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	150	65	90	175	50	120
40. Physical sciences	125	105	20	3,810	2,520	1,285
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	20	10	445	160	285
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	505	310	190	13,870	9,075	4,795
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	400	265	135	10,445	7,425	3,015
25. Library science	75	20	55	635	50	580
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	10	2,535	1,430	1,100
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	260	165	95
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,295	6,885	405	46,725	41,110	5,620
04. Architecture and related services	135	55	75	2,405	1,660	740
14. Engineering	420	380	40	18,155	14,570	3,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,430	1,275	160	9,210	8,330	875
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,790	1,765	25	5,985	5,850	130
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,865	1,825	40	7,010	6,840	170
48. Precision production	1,650	1,590	65	3,965	3,855	115
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,355	1,060	295	3,600	2,075	1,525
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	625	410	215	2,195	1,255	940
03. Natural resources and conservation	735	645	85	1,400	820	585
Health and related fields	3,370	560	2,810	31,880	7,040	24,840
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	150	90	60	3,935	1,900	2,040
51. Health professions and related programs	3,205	460	2,735	26,705	4,530	22,175
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	20	10	10	1,235	610	625
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,730	1,410	1,315	11,475	5,670	5,805
12. Personal and culinary services	1,505	285	1,215	5,855	1,350	4,500
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	55	50	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	80	80	0
43. Security and protective services	345	275	70	3,860	2,695	1,160
49. Transportation and materials moving	870	840	30	1,625	1,495	130
Other	0	0	0	20	0	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	20	0	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	27,785	14,085	13,700	289,325	138,855	150,470
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	8,285	4,080	4,205	73,190	37,825	35,360
Education	1,335	275	1,065	11,710	2,165	9,545
13. Education	1,335	275	1,060	11,710	2,165	9,540
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	345	145	195	8,370	3,445	4,925
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	25	25	1,210	945	270
50. Visual and performing arts	295	115	175	7,160	2,505	4,655
Humanities	500	230	265	12,195	3,855	8,335
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	35	10	30	1,105	165	940
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	3,640	795	2,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	305	145	155	3,705	1,190	2,525
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	40	15	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	600	340	260
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	20	25	535	295	240
54. History	35	25	0	1,945	1,005	940
55. French language and literature/letters	60	25	40	620	55	560
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,015	215	800	32,325	10,530	21,795
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	215	20	195
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	55	15	45	3,490	1,300	2,195
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	530	20	505	4,490	250	4,245
22. Legal professions and studies	140	55	90	4,950	1,525	3,425
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	20	0	10	545	100	450
42. Psychology	135	35	100	4,925	1,150	3,775
45. Social sciences	135	90	45	13,705	6,190	7,520
Business, management and public administration	4,030	990	3,040	57,065	26,365	30,700
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	60	25	40
44. Public administration and social service professions	385	50	340	2,850	510	2,335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,640	940	2,695	54,155	25,825	28,325
Physical and life sciences and technologies	295	235	60	9,850	4,325	5,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	70	15	4,265	1,485	2,775
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	40	0	2,445	1,030	1,420
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	0	10	150	45	110
40. Physical sciences	120	105	15	2,695	1,675	1,015
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	15	295	90	205
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	380	235	150	12,415	8,195	4,225
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	305	200	105	9,750	6,870	2,875
25. Library science	65	25	45	430	40	390
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	2,020	1,145	875
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	10	0	220	130	85
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,615	5,270	350	35,440	30,490	4,945
04. Architecture and related services	105	40	65	2,020	1,380	640
14. Engineering	305	270	40	14,705	11,445	3,260
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,150	1,025	130	6,730	6,000	735
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,325	1,295	25	4,195	4,090	105
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,445	1,400	40	5,100	4,985	115
48. Precision production	1,285	1,230	50	2,685	2,585	90
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,120	860	260	2,845	1,585	1,260
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	500	305	195	1,645	885	760
03. Natural resources and conservation	615	550	65	1,195	700	495
Health and related fields	2,665	430	2,230	24,985	5,650	19,335
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	115	75	45	3,245	1,565	1,675
51. Health professions and related programs	2,530	355	2,180	20,690	3,590	17,100
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	20	0	10	1,055	500	555
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,195	1,115	1,080	8,920	4,425	4,495
12. Personal and culinary services	1,215	215	1,000	4,365	1,005	3,355
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	50	50	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	35	35	0
43. Security and protective services	270	215	55	3,200	2,185	1,015
49. Transportation and materials moving	710	685	25	1,275	1,150	120
Other	0	10	0	20	0	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	20	0	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	42,645	21,530	21,120	433,845	208,570	225,270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,105	8,210	8,900	162,005	78,925	83,080
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	25,540	13,320	12,220	271,840	129,650	142,195
Location of study inside Canada	25,425	13,260	12,170	206,250	97,385	108,860
Same as province or territory of residence	25,205	13,135	12,070	187,095	87,870	99,225
Different than province or territory of residence	225	125	95	19,160	9,520	9,640
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	115	65	50	65,590	32,260	33,330
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10	10	0	9,120	4,815	4,305
Philippines	0	0	0	3,890	1,330	2,565
India	0	0	0	6,400	2,985	3,415
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	8,945	5,275	3,665
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	4,115	1,870	2,245
France	30	15	20	390	195	200
Other	70	40	25	32,720	15,780	16,945
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	27,785	14,085	13,700	289,325	138,850	150,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,290	4,080	4,205	73,190	37,825	35,360
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	19,500	10,005	9,495	216,140	101,030	115,110
Location of study inside Canada	19,410	9,960	9,450	164,795	76,765	88,025
Same as province or territory of residence	19,285	9,905	9,375	150,515	69,765	80,750
Different than province or territory of residence	125	55	70	14,280	7,005	7,270
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	90	45	45	51,350	24,260	27,085
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	10	7,430	3,750	3,680
Philippines	0	0	0	3,335	1,105	2,225
India	0	0	0	5,290	2,380	2,910
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	4,575	2,620	1,955
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	10	0	3,575	1,610	1,965
France	20	0	15	355	180	180
Other	60	35	30	26,790	12,615	14,175
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	42,645	21,530	21,115	433,845	208,570	225,270
In the labour force	25,345	13,690	11,650	302,950	155,680	147,270
Employed	22,915	11,970	10,945	284,770	146,815	137,955
Unemployed	2,425	1,715	710	18,180	8,865	9,310
Not in the labour force	17,305	7,845	9,465	130,895	52,890	78,005
Participation rate	59.4	63.6	55.2	69.8	74.6	65.4
Employment rate	53.7	55.6	51.8	65.6	70.4	61.2
Unemployment rate	9.6	12.5	6.1	6.0	5.7	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	42,645	21,535	21,115	433,845	208,570	225,270
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	15,750	6,985	8,760	121,335	48,400	72,935
Worked	26,900	14,545	12,355	312,510	160,175	152,340
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	11,940	6,640	5,300	171,560	97,025	74,530
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	14,960	7,900	7,055	140,955	63,145	77,810
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	41.0	41.9	43.2	44.1	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	25,340	13,685	11,650	302,950	155,680	147,265
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	415	225	190	5,185	2,375	2,810
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	24,925	13,465	11,460	297,760	153,305	144,455
Employee	22,460	12,140	10,315	261,140	130,495	130,645
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,465	1,320	1,145	36,620	22,810	13,810
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	25,345	13,690	11,650	302,950	155,680	147,270
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	415	225	190	5,190	2,380	2,810
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	24,930	13,460	11,465	297,760	153,300	144,455
0 Management occupations	2,075	1,300	780	47,855	30,025	17,830
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,990	785	2,200	53,115	17,605	35,505
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,140	965	180	26,300	20,610	5,690
3 Health occupations	1,970	305	1,665	16,535	3,630	12,905
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,855	655	2,200	36,005	10,865	25,140
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	355	110	245	10,090	4,485	5,605
6 Sales and service occupations	6,025	2,390	3,630	66,010	29,570	36,440
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,000	4,825	175	28,210	26,335	1,875
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	820	670	145	3,560	2,675	885
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,685	1,450	235	10,085	7,505	2,580
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	25,345	13,690	11,650	302,950	155,680	147,265
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	415	225	190	5,190	2,375	2,810
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	24,925	13,460	11,465	297,760	153,300	144,455
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,315	1,000	315	1,465	805	665
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	275	250	25	705	545	165
22 Utilities	300	275	25	1,835	1,350	485
23 Construction	2,165	1,955	210	16,790	14,280	2,510
31-33 Manufacturing	3,450	2,895	550	28,420	20,070	8,345
41 Wholesale trade	635	475	160	18,220	11,400	6,820
44-45 Retail trade	3,555	1,570	1,980	34,635	16,715	17,925
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	900	735	165	13,505	9,440	4,070
51 Information and cultural industries	170	80	90	8,240	4,995	3,240
52 Finance and insurance	555	145	410	23,515	11,665	11,845
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	160	120	40	7,130	3,405	3,720
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	985	525	460	31,020	17,780	13,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	15	1,160	580	580
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	700	455	240	11,900	6,740	5,165
61 Educational services	1,700	460	1,245	24,385	6,345	18,040
62 Health care and social assistance	3,580	545	3,035	27,385	4,990	22,400
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	335	190	145	5,840	2,970	2,870
72 Accommodation and food services	1,690	595	1,100	17,155	7,345	9,805
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,325	585	740	10,705	4,460	6,240
91 Public administration	1,110	600	510	13,755	7,410	6,345
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	22,915	11,970	10,940	284,770	146,815	137,955
Worked at home	1,235	515	715	25,675	12,915	12,760
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	1,615	1,125	495
No fixed workplace address	2,020	1,605	415	26,710	18,880	7,830
Worked at usual place	19,645	9,840	9,805	230,770	113,900	116,865
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	19,645	9,845	9,805	230,770	113,905	116,870
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,820	4,890	5,930	82,555	35,040	47,515
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,095	2,645	2,450	29,985	13,860	16,125
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,690	2,275	1,415	117,525	64,570	52,955
Commute to a different province or territory	40	30	10	705	430	275
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	21,670	11,450	10,220	257,480	132,780	124,705
Car, truck, van - as a driver	19,055	10,055	9,005	202,865	107,170	95,695
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	745	400	345	14,555	6,095	8,460
Public transit	100	70	30	27,940	13,740	14,200
Walked	1,300	570	725	8,035	3,445	4,580
Bicycle	110	100	10	1,590	1,160	425
Other method	360	255	105	2,500	1,165	1,340
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	21,670	11,450	10,220	257,485	132,780	124,700
Less than 15 minutes	11,270	5,395	5,875	57,575	25,285	32,290
15 to 29 minutes	5,425	2,790	2,635	71,150	33,435	37,710
30 to 44 minutes	2,560	1,575	980	54,680	30,330	24,350
45 to 59 minutes	1,450	895	555	31,705	18,530	13,175
60 minutes and over	965	795	175	42,370	25,190	17,175
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	21,670	11,450	10,220	257,485	132,785	124,700
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,500	1,160	345	16,730	12,610	4,120
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,370	3,275	1,100	41,935	26,040	15,895
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,220	3,835	4,385	76,580	37,780	38,800
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,215	1,030	2,190	57,785	25,255	32,530
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,070	285	785	29,875	12,785	17,095
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,290	1,875	1,420	34,580	18,320	16,265
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	27,680	14,930	12,755	320,950	164,155	156,795
Single responses	27,465	14,780	12,690	316,980	162,400	154,580
Official languages	27,465	14,775	12,690	315,005	161,315	153,690
English	250	165	90	313,615	161,045	152,570
French	27,215	14,615	12,605	1,385	265	1,120
Non-official languages	0	0	0	1,980	1,090	885
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,975	1,090	885
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	120	90	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	115	90	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	110	80	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	0	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	30	0	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	30	10	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	55	35	20
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	50	30	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	790	420	365
Albanian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	225	105	120
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	220	105	120
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	115	50	65
Russian	0	0	0	70	30	40
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	15	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	20	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	225	105	115
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	195	90	110
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	25	0	15
Hindi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	95	55	45
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	60	20	35
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	10	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	295	180	110
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	100	85	15
Romanian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Spanish	10	0	0	165	80	90
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	50	15	30
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	175	90	85
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	80	35	50
American Sign Language	0	0	0	70	20	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	15	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	655	390	265
Chinese languages	0	0	0	650	385	265
Cantonese	0	0	0	80	50	35
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	550	315	235
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	20	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	215	150	65	3,965	1,750	2,215
English and French	215	150	65	1,440	490	955
English and non-official language	0	0	0	2,435	1,210	1,225
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	80	45	40
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	27,680	14,930	12,755	320,950	164,155	156,795
None	25,900	13,760	12,140	306,000	156,995	149,005
English	1,605	1,070	535	1,915	720	1,195
French	145	95	50	5,935	2,575	3,360
Non-official language	25	0	20	6,825	3,715	3,110
Aboriginal	0	0	0	10	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	30	10	20	6,810	3,705	3,105
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	10	25	10	20
French and non-official language	0	0	0	245	140	105
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	50,670	25,595	25,075	535,585	260,735	274,850
Non-movers	46,365	23,475	22,880	474,155	230,800	243,350
Movers	4,310	2,115	2,195	61,435	29,935	31,500
Non-migrants	2,665	1,335	1,330	27,370	13,285	14,080
Migrants	1,645	780	865	34,070	16,650	17,415
Internal migrants	1,600	745	855	28,320	13,885	14,440
Intraprovincial migrants	1,580	730	845	26,190	12,785	13,410
Interprovincial migrants	20	15	10	2,125	1,095	1,030
External migrants	45	35	0	5,750	2,770	2,980
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	48,400	24,410	23,990	510,455	247,810	262,650
Non-movers	34,855	17,735	17,125	315,050	153,400	161,645
Movers	13,545	6,680	6,865	195,410	94,410	101,000
Non-migrants	8,020	4,000	4,020	81,275	39,295	41,975
Migrants	5,525	2,680	2,845	114,135	55,115	59,025
Internal migrants	5,420	2,625	2,800	90,645	43,850	46,790
Intraprovincial migrants	5,345	2,575	2,770	84,180	40,750	43,425
Interprovincial migrants	75	50	25	6,465	3,105	3,360
External migrants	105	55	45	23,500	11,265	12,235

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, MRC [Census division], Quebec and Halton, RM [Census division], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Halton, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Halton, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lac-Saint-Jean-Est, Municipalité régionale de comté [Census division], Quebec and Halton, Regional municipality [Census division], Ontario