Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Ontario [Province]			Winnipeg Manitoba [Population centre]
	Data quality , Ontario [Province] Map : Ontario [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	13,448,494	...	...	711,925	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	12,851,821	...	...	670,025^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.6	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	5,598,391	...	...	296,630	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	5,169,174	...	...	283,454	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14.8	...	...	2,069.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	908,699.33	...	...	343.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	13,448,495	6,559,390	6,889,105	711,915	347,710	364,210
0 to 14 years	2,207,970	1,131,615	1,076,350	119,705	61,470	58,230
0 to 4 years	697,360	357,300	340,055	39,420	20,370	19,055
5 to 9 years	756,085	387,320	368,765	40,510	20,585	19,920
10 to 14 years	754,530	387,000	367,530	39,775	20,515	19,260
15 to 64 years	8,988,865	4,412,115	4,576,750	480,360	238,325	242,030
15 to 19 years	811,670	416,730	394,945	43,630	22,570	21,065
20 to 24 years	894,390	457,815	436,570	50,910	25,960	24,950
25 to 29 years	874,350	436,345	438,010	52,405	26,230	26,170
30 to 34 years	864,765	420,800	443,965	51,275	25,345	25,930
35 to 39 years	842,485	402,900	439,585	48,195	23,580	24,615
40 to 44 years	871,875	418,465	453,415	46,130	22,755	23,375
45 to 49 years	937,385	453,105	484,275	45,705	22,460	23,240
50 to 54 years	1,056,345	517,170	539,175	50,730	25,030	25,705
55 to 59 years	989,460	482,280	507,180	48,660	23,965	24,700
60 to 64 years	846,145	406,505	439,640	42,720	20,435	22,280
65 years and over	2,251,655	1,015,655	1,236,000	111,850	47,905	63,945
65 to 69 years	737,745	352,475	385,270	36,005	16,785	19,225
70 to 74 years	528,645	250,455	278,185	25,110	11,525	13,585
75 to 79 years	393,010	179,810	213,195	18,495	8,010	10,485
80 to 84 years	291,185	126,825	164,360	14,780	6,030	8,750
85 years and over	301,075	106,090	194,985	17,460	5,560	11,900
85 to 89 years	188,470	73,045	115,425	10,375	3,685	6,690
90 to 94 years	88,390	27,400	60,990	5,380	1,540	3,840
95 to 99 years	21,210	5,150	16,060	1,465	305	1,155
100 years and over	3,005	495	2,520	245	30	210
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.3	15.6	16.8	17.7	16.0
15 to 64 years	66.8	67.3	66.4	67.5	68.5	66.5
65 years and over	16.7	15.5	17.9	15.7	13.8	17.6
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.5	1.6	3.3
Average age of the population	41.0	40.0	41.9	40.0	38.7	41.2
Median age of the population	41.3	40.2	42.4	38.9	37.5	40.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	5,169,175	...	...	283,455	...	...
Single-detached house	2,807,380	...	...	169,330	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	886,705	...	...	36,880	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,460,200	...	...	76,630	...	...
Semi-detached house	289,975	...	...	10,470	...	...
Row house	460,425	...	...	10,050	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	176,080	...	...	5,105	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	522,810	...	...	50,680	...	...
Other single-attached house	10,910	...	...	325	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	14,890	...	...	620	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	5,169,170	...	...	283,455	...	...
1 person	1,341,300	...	...	84,910	...	...
2 persons	1,693,525	...	...	91,020	...	...
3 persons	834,260	...	...	42,980	...	...
4 persons	796,320	...	...	38,865	...	...
5 or more persons	503,775	...	...	25,685	...	...
Number of persons in private households	13,242,160	...	...	696,500	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	11,240,525	5,427,775	5,812,750	592,210	286,235	305,975
Married or living common law	6,438,085	3,219,290	3,218,795	321,790	160,860	160,930
Married	5,531,930	2,764,275	2,767,655	272,510	136,225	136,285
Living common law	906,155	455,015	451,145	49,285	24,635	24,645
Not married and not living common law	4,802,440	2,208,485	2,593,955	270,420	125,375	145,045
Never married	3,182,785	1,689,180	1,493,605	184,400	98,065	86,330
Separated	328,675	138,140	190,535	15,160	6,435	8,725
Divorced	653,835	252,900	400,935	35,990	13,855	22,135
Widowed	637,150	128,265	508,880	34,870	7,015	27,860
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	3,782,540	...	...	191,480	...	...
2 persons	1,815,000	...	...	93,120	...	...
3 persons	844,545	...	...	42,675	...	...
4 persons	792,435	...	...	38,190	...	...
5 or more persons	330,560	...	...	17,495	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	3,782,545	...	...	191,480	...	...
Total couple families	3,137,570	...	...	156,245	...	...
Married couples	2,684,735	...	...	131,605	...	...
Common-law couples	452,840	...	...	24,635	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	644,975	...	...	35,235	...	...
Female parent	518,480	...	...	28,065	...	...
Male parent	126,495	...	...	7,175	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	3,137,565	...	...	156,240	...	...
Couples without children	1,428,575	...	...	71,700	...	...
Couples with children	1,708,995	...	...	84,540	...	...
1 child	658,305	...	...	33,105	...	...
2 children	738,710	...	...	35,340	...	...
3 or more children	311,975	...	...	16,100	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	644,975	...	...	35,235	...	...
1 child	386,425	...	...	21,420	...	...
2 children	186,240	...	...	9,575	...	...
3 or more children	72,310	...	...	4,240	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,139,825	990,525	1,149,300	135,310	64,885	70,425
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	5,169,175	...	...	283,455	...	...
One-census-family households	3,481,885	...	...	178,745	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,311,575	...	...	67,615	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	2,170,315	...	...	111,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	145,615	...	...	6,175	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,541,665	...	...	98,530	...	...
One-person households	1,341,305	...	...	84,910	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	200,365	...	...	13,620	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	702,760	344,190	358,575
English only	11,455,500	5,689,830	5,765,665	620,445	307,690	312,760
French only	40,040	17,340	22,705	975	435	535
English and French	1,490,390	665,850	824,540	70,315	31,340	38,975
Neither English nor French	326,935	130,850	196,085	11,025	4,725	6,300
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	13,312,865	6,503,880	6,808,995	702,760	344,190	358,570
English	12,394,325	6,095,970	6,298,355	667,140	328,035	339,100
French	504,130	236,875	267,250	22,015	10,170	11,845
English and French	92,940	42,910	50,030	2,885	1,420	1,460
Neither English nor French	321,480	128,125	193,355	10,730	4,565	6,160
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	550,600	258,330	292,270	23,450	10,875	12,575
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	4.1	4.0	4.3	3.3	3.2	3.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	13,312,870	6,503,875	6,808,990	702,760	344,190	358,570
Single responses	12,946,960	6,327,630	6,619,330	680,070	333,200	346,870
Official languages	9,393,040	4,637,520	4,755,520	499,725	246,805	252,920
English	8,902,320	4,406,210	4,496,110	477,470	236,555	240,920
French	490,715	231,310	259,410	22,255	10,250	12,005
Non-official languages	3,553,920	1,690,110	1,863,810	180,345	86,400	93,945
Aboriginal languages	22,765	10,815	11,950	3,590	1,395	2,190
Algonquian languages	21,235	10,175	11,060	3,425	1,335	2,085
Blackfoot	10	5	5	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5,080	2,485	2,595	1,115	415	700
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	85	40	45	0	0	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	55	25	30	15	5	10
Plains Cree	35	5	30	45	15	25
Southern East Cree	5	0	0	5	0	0
Swampy Cree	355	135	225	325	125	200
Woods Cree	15	10	5	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	4,500	2,255	2,245	705	265	440
Eastern Algonquian languages	90	40	50	10	5	0
Malecite	10	5	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	85	35	50	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	16,025	7,620	8,400	2,295	910	1,380
Algonquin	65	30	35	0	0	0
Ojibway	9,505	4,515	4,985	1,595	630	960
Oji-Cree	6,310	3,015	3,300	695	280	420
Ottawa (Odawa)	145	65	80	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	60	20	40	45	10	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	20	35	45	10	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chilcotin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dene	20	10	10	40	10	35
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	475	165	305	50	20	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Inuktitut	425	145	280	40	10	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	710	300	410	5	0	0
Cayuga	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	590	255	335	5	0	0
Oneida	55	15	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	25	15	15	25	10	10
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	35	15	20
Dakota	5	5	5	35	10	25
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	5	5	0	5
Nisga'a	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	5	0	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	130	105	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,531,160	1,679,300	1,851,865	176,760	85,005	91,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	253,830	127,720	126,110	9,830	5,080	4,750
Berber languages	725	405	320	40	25	15
Kabyle	425	225	200	30	20	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	305	180	120	10	0	5
Cushitic languages	24,605	10,730	13,870	1,690	835	855
Bilen	250	140	110	125	70	55
Oromo	1,445	720	730	335	170	165
Somali	22,680	9,755	12,925	1,225	595	625
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	225	115	110	5	5	0
Semitic languages	227,985	116,320	111,665	8,045	4,190	3,860
Amharic	10,720	4,960	5,760	1,520	740	770
Arabic	171,370	88,400	82,965	4,265	2,265	2,005
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	14,555	7,135	7,420	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	4,795	2,365	2,425	0	5	0
Harari	1,030	485	545	0	0	0
Hebrew	11,575	6,220	5,350	515	300	215
Maltese	5,175	2,575	2,600	30	15	20
Tigrigna	7,345	3,470	3,870	1,700	860	840
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,435	705	730	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	520	265	250	55	35	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	78,125	35,880	42,240	4,000	1,890	2,115
Khmer (Cambodian)	7,355	3,330	4,020	260	130	140
Vietnamese	70,690	32,520	38,165	3,740	1,760	1,980
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	30	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	194,380	76,060	118,315	48,140	22,330	25,805
Bikol	595	260	330	155	65	90
Cebuano	6,545	2,500	4,045	935	425	510
Fijian	80	45	40	5	5	5
Hiligaynon	2,750	1,030	1,725	360	155	205
Ilocano	11,285	4,430	6,860	1,265	590	675
Malagasy	100	45	55	5	0	0
Malay	5,760	2,520	3,240	145	60	85
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,505	670	840	600	290	310
Pangasinan	535	215	315	130	60	65
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	163,415	63,665	99,755	44,370	20,595	23,780
Waray-Waray	405	140	270	45	25	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,400	550	850	130	65	65
Creole languages	11,255	5,095	6,165	435	200	235
Haitian Creole	630	290	340	20	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	8,025	3,580	4,440	180	85	90
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,605	1,225	1,380	235	105	135
Dravidian languages	148,605	73,530	75,075	1,170	610	555
Kannada	2,670	1,365	1,305	80	45	35
Malayalam	17,140	8,795	8,350	520	270	255
Tamil	117,630	57,310	60,320	410	215	195
Telugu	10,820	5,895	4,925	155	85	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	0	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	525	250	270	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,024,365	980,200	1,044,165	86,105	41,650	44,455
Albanian	19,045	9,535	9,510	305	155	155
Armenian	15,070	7,305	7,765	60	30	25
Balto-Slavic languages	410,725	188,695	222,025	22,575	10,120	12,455
Baltic languages	9,080	3,785	5,295	115	45	65
Latvian	3,910	1,650	2,260	45	20	25
Lithuanian	5,175	2,135	3,035	65	25	35
Slavic languages	401,645	184,915	216,730	22,460	10,070	12,390
Belarusan	515	230	280	35	15	15
Bosnian	6,370	3,125	3,245	555	275	275
Bulgarian	9,095	4,355	4,740	125	60	60
Croatian	31,875	15,460	16,410	875	410	465
Czech	10,670	4,930	5,740	425	210	215
Macedonian	15,635	7,470	8,165	135	60	70
Polish	121,075	54,675	66,405	5,180	2,300	2,880
Russian	101,100	45,630	55,470	5,545	2,675	2,870
Serbian	41,740	20,585	21,150	610	310	300
Serbo-Croatian	4,875	2,310	2,570	235	110	125
Slovak	10,280	4,710	5,565	300	120	175
Slovene (Slovenian)	6,740	2,995	3,745	230	105	130
Ukrainian	40,375	17,760	22,610	8,150	3,375	4,780
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	1,310	670	635	60	30	25
Celtic languages	1,110	505	605	50	30	20
Scottish Gaelic	450	210	240	25	15	10
Welsh	435	180	260	15	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	225	120	110	10	5	5
Germanic languages	200,640	94,475	106,165	16,255	7,240	9,020
Afrikaans	2,295	1,125	1,170	150	75	75
Danish	4,265	2,010	2,250	165	75	85
Dutch	51,720	24,875	26,840	1,245	595	645
Frisian	1,240	630	620	25	10	15
German	131,525	61,520	70,005	13,940	6,155	7,785
Icelandic	210	100	110	145	55	95
Norwegian	940	405	540	55	20	30
Swedish	2,395	1,040	1,350	95	40	55
Vlaams (Flemish)	2,150	925	1,225	105	40	60
Yiddish	3,735	1,765	1,970	345	170	175
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	85	0	0	0
Greek	55,415	27,305	28,110	1,155	585	570
Indo-Iranian languages	707,845	357,350	350,495	29,215	15,425	13,790
Indo-Aryan languages	565,600	285,720	279,875	26,570	14,090	12,480
Bengali	46,810	23,615	23,195	1,095	635	465
Gujarati	76,675	38,740	37,940	2,060	1,080	980
Hindi	58,735	29,805	28,930	2,070	1,100	970
Kashmiri	345	170	175	5	5	5
Konkani	2,510	1,195	1,315	25	15	10
Marathi	5,490	2,805	2,685	105	65	45
Nepali	7,870	3,915	3,960	710	350	360
Oriya (Odia)	715	380	335	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	197,060	100,160	96,895	17,075	8,980	8,095
Sindhi	6,840	3,225	3,615	50	25	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10,165	4,925	5,235	625	320	300
Urdu	152,385	76,795	75,595	2,745	1,510	1,230
Iranian languages	139,675	70,270	69,405	2,550	1,285	1,270
Kurdish	6,665	3,615	3,050	390	205	190
Pashto	10,950	5,630	5,315	240	105	135
Persian (Farsi)	122,070	61,025	61,040	1,920	970	950
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,565	1,350	1,215	95	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	614,525	295,030	319,490	16,490	8,070	8,425
Catalan	285	150	135	0	0	0
Italian	231,040	112,440	118,600	3,440	1,690	1,745
Portuguese	150,000	72,280	77,715	5,795	2,790	3,005
Romanian	41,755	19,565	22,190	540	260	285
Spanish	191,025	90,390	100,630	6,705	3,320	3,385
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	420	200	215	10	5	5
Japanese	13,260	4,590	8,670	485	165	315
Kartvelian languages	1,200	635	565	15	10	10
Georgian	1,200	635	565	15	5	10
Korean	69,775	32,035	37,740	3,265	1,555	1,715
Mongolic languages	405	180	220	20	5	15
Mongolian	405	180	225	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	35,760	16,705	19,050	3,505	1,755	1,755
Akan (Twi)	9,695	4,510	5,190	125	75	55
Bamanankan	140	60	80	75	25	50
Edo	1,140	475	670	35	20	15
Ewe	560	270	295	25	15	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	365	180	185	60	35	30
Ga	600	275	325	15	10	5
Ganda	760	360	400	40	15	30
Igbo	2,090	1,080	1,010	270	145	120
Lingala	850	365	485	70	35	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,430	640	785	120	60	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,330	545	785	235	115	115
Shona	1,455	660	790	85	35	50
Swahili	5,525	2,540	2,985	820	390	425
Wolof	290	145	150	70	45	25
Yoruba	4,365	2,260	2,105	875	445	430
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5,155	2,345	2,810	580	285	300
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,610	810	800	380	205	180
Dinka	345	170	175	165	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,260	635	625	210	115	95
Sign languages	3,030	1,570	1,455	315	170	145
American Sign Language	1,305	640	670	175	95	80
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,700	925	780	135	75	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	611,795	284,865	326,935	16,585	8,185	8,395
Chinese languages	602,610	280,340	322,270	16,025	7,905	8,125
Cantonese	275,315	128,090	147,220	6,055	2,865	3,195
Hakka	6,985	3,140	3,840	50	30	25
Mandarin	283,735	132,275	151,460	8,770	4,420	4,345
Min Dong	855	405	450	5	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,545	6,240	7,300	310	145	160
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,300	2,825	3,470	100	50	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	15,645	7,235	8,410	730	390	340
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	240	120	120	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	9,185	4,520	4,660	560	280	280
Burmese	1,640	775	865	85	50	30
Karenic languages	1,730	865	860	415	205	210
Tibetan	5,115	2,530	2,585	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	700	345	350	50	15	30
Tai-Kadai languages	8,485	3,535	4,945	1,010	480	530
Lao	5,190	2,480	2,710	800	405	395
Thai	3,270	1,045	2,220	200	70	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	5	5	0
Turkic languages	22,615	11,745	10,870	305	165	135
Azerbaijani	1,990	1,070	920	30	15	15
Turkish	18,415	9,610	8,810	190	100	85
Uyghur	515	255	260	10	5	5
Uzbek	1,055	515	545	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	640	295	345	35	15	15
Uralic languages	50,670	23,095	27,570	1,075	480	595
Estonian	4,205	1,810	2,400	30	10	20
Finnish	9,720	4,140	5,580	130	50	75
Hungarian	36,740	17,150	19,590	915	415	500
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,475	780	690	120	65	50
Multiple responses	365,910	176,250	189,660	22,685	10,990	11,700
English and French	54,045	25,165	28,880	2,750	1,340	1,410
English and non-official language	288,285	140,345	147,940	18,985	9,150	9,835
French and non-official language	12,565	5,735	6,830	565	310	255
English, French and non-official language	11,010	5,000	6,005	390	185	200
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	702,760	344,185	358,570
Single responses	12,522,045	6,123,955	6,398,085	653,470	320,445	333,025
Official languages	10,605,725	5,214,425	5,391,300	561,885	275,635	286,250
English	10,328,680	5,084,885	5,243,800	552,560	271,495	281,065
French	277,045	129,540	147,500	9,320	4,140	5,180
Non-official languages	1,916,315	909,530	1,006,780	91,590	44,815	46,775
Aboriginal languages	9,210	4,600	4,610	930	400	530
Algonquian languages	8,685	4,370	4,320	905	390	515
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	2,370	1,205	1,165	255	105	155
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	10	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	20	10	15	0	0	5
Plains Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	105	50	55	45	20	25
Woods Cree	5	5	0	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	2,220	1,135	1,085	195	80	115
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	6,305	3,155	3,145	645	285	360
Algonquin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	3,315	1,695	1,620	365	160	205
Oji-Cree	2,905	1,420	1,490	285	130	155
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	5	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	0	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	160	60	90	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktitut	140	60	80	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	210	90	120	0	5	0
Cayuga	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	185	80	100	0	0	0
Oneida	20	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Dakota	5	5	0	5	0	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	120	55	65	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,907,105	904,930	1,002,170	90,655	44,410	46,245
Afro-Asiatic languages	138,460	66,865	71,590	6,325	3,170	3,155
Berber languages	345	175	170	15	15	5
Kabyle	255	125	130	15	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	0	5
Cushitic languages	14,460	6,100	8,360	1,140	525	615
Bilen	170	80	85	95	50	45
Oromo	805	380	425	210	90	115
Somali	13,370	5,590	7,780	830	375	455
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	110	50	65	10	5	0
Semitic languages	123,410	60,475	62,940	5,150	2,625	2,525
Amharic	5,625	2,540	3,085	875	430	445
Arabic	94,195	46,505	47,695	2,840	1,455	1,380
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,515	4,595	4,920	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,915	1,410	1,500	0	0	0
Harari	555	250	305	0	0	0
Hebrew	4,850	2,505	2,345	340	185	155
Maltese	1,090	505	580	5	5	5
Tigrigna	3,920	1,805	2,115	1,085	540	535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	755	360	395	0	5	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	245	115	125	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	50,245	23,105	27,140	2,795	1,320	1,480
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,770	1,650	2,120	125	55	70
Vietnamese	46,435	21,435	25,000	2,675	1,265	1,405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85,370	36,525	48,845	24,700	11,705	12,990
Bikol	90	35	55	25	15	15
Cebuano	2,325	1,020	1,315	345	165	180
Fijian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	910	385	530	125	55	70
Ilocano	4,100	1,780	2,320	365	175	195
Malagasy	35	15	20	0	0	0
Malay	1,810	860	945	50	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	445	200	250	230	115	120
Pangasinan	90	40	50	30	20	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75,070	31,965	43,105	23,495	11,135	12,360
Waray-Waray	90	35	55	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	380	175	200	20	5	15
Creole languages	5,325	2,355	2,970	200	85	115
Haitian Creole	355	165	190	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	3,995	1,735	2,255	85	40	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	975	455	520	105	35	65
Dravidian languages	96,250	46,575	49,680	575	280	295
Kannada	1,060	540	520	40	20	20
Malayalam	8,760	4,460	4,295	255	125	130
Tamil	80,600	38,460	42,140	200	100	105
Telugu	5,705	3,050	2,655	75	40	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	125	55	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	200	95	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	978,300	469,640	508,670	38,540	19,210	19,325
Albanian	9,190	4,580	4,605	150	75	75
Armenian	8,630	4,065	4,560	20	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	192,945	90,585	102,365	8,435	4,040	4,400
Baltic languages	2,305	950	1,355	10	5	10
Latvian	860	350	515	10	0	5
Lithuanian	1,440	600	840	5	5	0
Slavic languages	190,645	89,635	101,005	8,425	4,030	4,390
Belarusan	175	80	90	0	0	0
Bosnian	3,220	1,595	1,620	285	145	140
Bulgarian	4,830	2,350	2,480	60	35	30
Croatian	11,125	5,275	5,855	280	125	160
Czech	3,070	1,480	1,595	90	45	50
Macedonian	6,255	2,965	3,285	75	35	40
Polish	52,555	24,510	28,045	1,720	770	955
Russian	63,570	29,655	33,920	3,610	1,795	1,810
Serbian	23,175	11,335	11,840	330	170	165
Serbo-Croatian	1,925	920	1,010	85	40	50
Slovak	3,520	1,680	1,845	65	35	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,465	645	815	50	20	35
Ukrainian	15,415	6,995	8,420	1,750	830	920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	355	160	190	10	10	5
Celtic languages	120	65	55	5	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	60	30	25	0	0	0
Welsh	30	10	15	0	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	44,515	21,630	22,880	1,660	745	915
Afrikaans	755	365	390	50	25	25
Danish	280	135	150	10	5	0
Dutch	4,450	2,145	2,305	70	30	35
Frisian	90	45	45	0	0	0
German	37,255	18,140	19,120	1,495	670	830
Icelandic	45	20	30	10	5	5
Norwegian	70	30	40	0	0	0
Swedish	385	190	190	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	145	60	85	5	5	0
Yiddish	370	190	185	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	655	315	340	0	0	0
Greek	21,700	10,160	11,535	495	225	265
Indo-Iranian languages	435,835	215,755	220,080	20,635	10,750	9,885
Indo-Aryan languages	344,050	171,125	172,920	18,910	9,925	8,985
Bengali	29,590	14,595	14,995	660	375	290
Gujarati	45,445	22,410	23,035	1,315	670	640
Hindi	28,960	14,485	14,475	1,200	645	560
Kashmiri	65	30	35	5	0	5
Konkani	540	260	280	5	0	0
Marathi	2,420	1,230	1,190	30	15	10
Nepali	5,640	2,815	2,820	535	260	275
Oriya (Odia)	325	160	165	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	132,135	66,410	65,725	13,105	6,845	6,260
Sindhi	2,880	1,320	1,560	25	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	4,595	2,250	2,345	335	180	160
Urdu	91,450	45,160	46,295	1,700	925	770
Iranian languages	90,730	44,090	46,640	1,680	800	880
Kurdish	3,675	1,900	1,770	260	130	130
Pashto	6,750	3,360	3,395	155	65	85
Persian (Farsi)	80,305	38,830	41,475	1,270	605	660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,050	540	515	45	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	265,375	122,790	142,585	7,140	3,365	3,770
Catalan	135	60	75	0	0	0
Italian	72,960	31,195	41,770	990	420	565
Portuguese	67,415	32,065	35,355	2,620	1,215	1,400
Romanian	19,920	9,380	10,535	210	100	115
Spanish	104,820	50,035	54,785	3,320	1,625	1,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	110	50	60	0	0	0
Japanese	6,040	2,590	3,450	155	65	95
Kartvelian languages	770	420	355	5	0	5
Georgian	775	420	355	10	5	5
Korean	48,540	22,685	25,855	2,535	1,235	1,305
Mongolic languages	225	115	110	5	0	5
Mongolian	230	120	110	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	12,120	5,400	6,725	1,275	635	645
Akan (Twi)	4,415	1,915	2,495	45	30	15
Bamanankan	25	15	15	10	5	10
Edo	305	120	180	5	0	5
Ewe	135	60	80	10	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	110	55	55	30	15	15
Ga	175	80	100	0	0	0
Ganda	195	85	110	5	0	0
Igbo	540	265	275	70	35	35
Lingala	225	100	130	45	25	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	475	230	240	55	25	30
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	420	160	260	100	50	50
Shona	455	210	245	5	0	5
Swahili	2,085	925	1,160	465	225	245
Wolof	130	65	65	25	20	10
Yoruba	1,300	625	675	285	145	140
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,120	500	625	110	40	70
Nilo-Saharan languages	550	260	290	125	60	70
Dinka	120	60	65	75	30	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	425	195	225	50	25	25
Sign languages	4,425	2,485	1,940	395	215	175
American Sign Language	1,605	830	770	200	110	85
Quebec Sign Language	25	15	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	2,795	1,640	1,150	200	110	90
Sino-Tibetan languages	448,200	210,560	237,640	12,105	6,005	6,100
Chinese languages	441,615	207,305	234,310	11,655	5,780	5,880
Cantonese	198,745	91,545	107,200	4,060	1,905	2,150
Hakka	2,870	1,305	1,575	25	15	10
Mandarin	220,535	105,360	115,175	6,875	3,490	3,380
Min Dong	265	115	145	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5,775	2,635	3,140	125	60	65
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,690	1,735	1,955	60	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	9,630	4,565	5,070	505	275	230
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,580	3,250	3,330	445	225	220
Burmese	1,010	480	530	55	30	20
Karenic languages	1,360	685	675	355	180	170
Tibetan	3,875	1,925	1,945	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	335	165	170	35	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	3,865	1,845	2,020	490	230	265
Lao	2,535	1,220	1,315	400	195	205
Thai	1,315	615	695	95	30	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	12,435	6,200	6,230	125	60	60
Azerbaijani	770	385	380	10	5	5
Turkish	10,545	5,245	5,300	60	30	30
Uyghur	290	150	140	0	0	0
Uzbek	585	290	295	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	250	130	120	20	10	10
Uralic languages	15,330	6,990	8,340	255	120	140
Estonian	790	290	500	0	0	0
Finnish	1,835	780	1,050	20	10	5
Hungarian	12,700	5,915	6,790	235	105	130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	465	245	225	35	15	20
Multiple responses	790,825	379,925	410,905	49,290	23,745	25,545
English and French	45,655	20,895	24,755	2,040	940	1,095
English and non-official language	719,595	347,730	371,865	46,115	22,255	23,855
French and non-official language	6,725	2,930	3,795	350	175	175
English, French and non-official language	18,855	8,365	10,490	785	370	415
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	13,312,865	6,503,875	6,808,990	702,760	344,190	358,570
None	11,071,665	5,436,665	5,635,000	595,210	293,180	302,025
English	896,170	437,015	459,155	45,710	22,330	23,385
French	243,970	108,390	135,580	11,870	5,185	6,685
Non-official language	1,056,960	501,315	555,645	47,975	22,515	25,460
Aboriginal	14,315	6,580	7,735	2,330	915	1,415
Non-Aboriginal	1,042,645	494,735	547,910	45,645	21,595	24,050
English and French	8,150	3,755	4,395	250	125	125
English and non-official language	19,105	9,370	9,735	1,170	590	580
French and non-official language	16,435	7,165	9,270	565	255	310
English, French and non-official language	415	205	215	15	10	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	577,150	280,265	296,885
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,556,935	5,115,460	5,441,475	549,305	266,130	283,175
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,539	39,889	28,676	35,088	40,357	30,780
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,975	549,400	266,140	283,255
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,641	35,753	26,585	31,051	35,024	27,748
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,391,800	4,650,130	4,741,675	497,730	245,895	251,835
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,871	39,831	27,012	33,589	39,363	28,450
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,632,575	3,402,810	4,229,770	405,565	176,400	229,170
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,206	2,034	5,463	3,364	1,406	4,642
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350	416,465	212,565	203,900
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,946	39,490	29,413	34,865	39,679	30,563
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	577,155	280,345	296,815
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,556,925	5,114,340	5,442,580	549,275	266,230	283,045
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,915	56,780	39,585	45,344	52,770	38,359
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,559,935	5,114,725	5,445,210	549,395	266,250	283,150
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,318	45,443	33,564	36,992	42,085	32,203
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,391,645	4,649,230	4,742,415	497,905	246,155	251,755
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,890	57,511	38,459	44,542	52,754	36,513
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,632,220	3,402,745	4,229,475	405,760	176,395	229,365
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,346	6,763	7,815	6,725	6,029	7,260
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	7,790,680	3,995,700	3,794,985	416,510	212,500	204,010
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,369	55,263	39,057	44,237	51,229	36,953
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	577,150	280,345	296,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	3,737,385	2,082,480	1,654,900	202,015	112,475	89,545
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,121	60,345	49,713	51,117	55,667	46,276
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	68,628	76,536	58,676	61,737	68,372	53,404
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	92.1	84.7	89.0	92.4	84.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.9	76.0	68.7	74.0	77.6	69.5
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	7.9	15.3	11.0	7.6	15.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	577,150	280,265	296,885
Without total income	481,500	227,390	254,115	27,845	14,135	13,715
With total income	10,556,940	5,115,460	5,441,475	549,305	266,130	283,175
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.7	95.5	95.2	95.0	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,615,790	711,105	904,685	76,720	35,110	41,610
$10,000 to $19,999	1,829,355	742,710	1,086,645	83,380	32,965	50,415
$20,000 to $29,999	1,410,760	589,975	820,785	77,620	31,370	46,250
$30,000 to $39,999	1,147,510	519,550	627,955	72,155	32,400	39,760
$40,000 to $49,999	1,021,880	489,595	532,285	64,030	30,540	33,490
$50,000 to $59,999	809,115	415,950	393,165	48,130	26,080	22,050
$60,000 to $69,999	630,635	348,525	282,110	34,715	20,075	14,640
$70,000 to $79,999	479,890	277,725	202,165	25,370	14,930	10,445
$80,000 to $89,999	378,185	222,095	156,095	20,065	11,495	8,570
$90,000 to $99,999	324,810	181,815	142,995	12,810	7,525	5,285
$100,000 and over	909,005	616,420	292,585	34,305	23,645	10,665
$100,000 to $149,999	600,995	394,410	206,590	23,700	15,865	7,835
$150,000 and over	308,010	222,010	86,000	10,605	7,780	2,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	577,150	280,265	296,885
Without after-tax income	478,635	227,025	251,610	27,745	14,120	13,625
With after-tax income	10,559,805	5,115,825	5,443,980	549,400	266,145	283,255
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	95.8	95.6	95.2	95.0	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,659,280	722,040	937,235	79,215	35,625	43,585
$10,000 to $19,999	1,906,875	777,330	1,129,540	90,200	35,970	54,225
$20,000 to $29,999	1,623,230	690,290	932,940	95,385	39,970	55,405
$30,000 to $39,999	1,377,100	642,645	734,450	90,090	41,925	48,170
$40,000 to $49,999	1,166,040	585,490	580,555	68,620	36,105	32,515
$50,000 to $59,999	845,305	464,610	380,700	46,095	26,675	19,420
$60,000 to $69,999	604,005	354,015	249,985	31,200	18,015	13,190
$70,000 to $79,999	465,485	268,140	197,345	18,340	10,915	7,420
$80,000 and over	912,490	611,260	301,230	30,265	20,940	9,325
$80,000 to $89,999	299,315	183,410	115,905	10,335	6,755	3,580
$90,000 to $99,999	174,110	116,330	57,785	5,895	4,055	1,845
$100,000 and over	439,070	311,525	127,540	14,035	10,135	3,900
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	11,038,440	5,342,850	5,695,590	577,145	280,265	296,885
Without employment income	3,247,760	1,344,515	1,903,245	160,685	67,695	92,985
With employment income	7,790,680	3,998,335	3,792,350	416,465	212,565	203,900
Percentage with employment income	70.6	74.8	66.6	72.2	75.8	68.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,094,860	546,920	547,940	46,830	22,020	24,810
$5,000 to $9,999	635,305	281,135	354,165	29,920	13,075	16,845
$10,000 to $19,999	1,027,910	464,445	563,465	53,915	23,950	29,965
$20,000 to $29,999	827,805	372,185	455,625	52,140	23,540	28,595
$30,000 to $39,999	767,840	351,925	415,910	52,110	24,475	27,635
$40,000 to $49,999	709,775	341,320	368,450	46,075	22,720	23,345
$50,000 to $59,999	588,220	310,155	278,065	35,700	20,175	15,530
$60,000 to $69,999	465,670	263,430	202,240	26,135	15,435	10,700
$70,000 to $79,999	369,085	218,570	150,515	20,090	12,030	8,060
$80,000 and over	1,304,210	848,245	455,970	53,555	35,145	18,415
$80,000 to $89,999	307,660	182,660	125,005	16,805	9,605	7,200
$90,000 to $99,999	280,530	156,440	124,090	10,290	6,330	3,955
$100,000 and over	716,015	509,140	206,875	26,460	19,200	7,260
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	5,169,175	...	...	283,455	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	74,287	...	...	68,725	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,285	...	...	59,246	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,341,300	...	...	84,910	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,900	...	...	37,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,219	...	...	32,660	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,827,875	...	...	198,545	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,967	...	...	86,869	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,528	...	...	74,355	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	5,169,175	...	...	283,425	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	97,856	...	...	87,876	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	80,322	...	...	71,705	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,341,115	...	...	84,890	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	49,571	...	...	45,681	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,830	...	...	37,499	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	3,828,060	...	...	198,535	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	114,773	...	...	105,919	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,157	...	...	86,332	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	5,169,175	...	...	283,455	...	...
Under $5,000	86,720	...	...	5,605	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70,245	...	...	5,160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	134,395	...	...	6,850	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185,245	...	...	9,770	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	200,770	...	...	11,990	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	189,450	...	...	10,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	202,580	...	...	11,600	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	207,180	...	...	12,450	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	206,605	...	...	12,500	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	202,015	...	...	12,320	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	388,820	...	...	23,450	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	363,580	...	...	22,100	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	335,770	...	...	19,895	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	309,105	...	...	18,265	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	282,740	...	...	15,645	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,803,955	...	...	85,180	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	560,090	...	...	30,280	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	394,570	...	...	20,100	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	449,885	...	...	20,375	...	...
$200,000 and over	399,410	...	...	14,425	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	5,169,175	...	...	283,455	...	...
Under $5,000	92,220	...	...	5,850	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	71,480	...	...	5,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	136,550	...	...	7,080	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	192,920	...	...	10,450	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	222,605	...	...	13,850	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	211,440	...	...	12,870	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	232,755	...	...	14,800	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	244,335	...	...	15,570	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	247,645	...	...	15,125	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	241,965	...	...	14,750	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	463,170	...	...	28,165	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	422,695	...	...	25,465	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	388,720	...	...	22,215	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	342,330	...	...	18,490	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	290,720	...	...	15,330	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,367,630	...	...	58,205	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	539,915	...	...	26,875	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	334,420	...	...	14,615	...	...
$150,000 and over	493,295	...	...	16,715	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	3,689,580	...	...	189,520	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,089	...	...	87,176	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,531	...	...	74,506	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,280,890	...	...	65,950	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,459	...	...	81,961	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,237	...	...	69,618	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,716,115	...	...	84,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,381	...	...	108,680	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,205	...	...	91,869	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	584,180	...	...	32,170	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,363	...	...	53,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,317	...	...	48,866	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	3,689,080	...	...	189,505	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	115,328	...	...	106,884	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,410	...	...	86,917	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,280,580	...	...	65,875	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,425	...	...	102,605	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,952	...	...	82,708	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,717,295	...	...	84,810	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	140,590	...	...	128,434	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,144	...	...	103,577	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	581,945	...	...	32,050	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,748	...	...	63,650	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,742	...	...	54,873	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,818,815	867,175	951,640	113,235	55,025	58,210
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,097	33,925	30,753	33,516	35,047	32,292
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,417	30,678	28,442	29,833	30,728	29,111
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,814,575	864,020	950,555	112,970	54,810	58,165
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,298	46,765	42,057	41,170	42,922	39,519
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,874	38,228	35,644	34,095	34,936	33,303
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	13,242,160	6,472,205	6,769,955	696,500	341,550	354,955
In the bottom half of the distribution	6,335,170	3,016,275	3,318,895	369,410	176,625	192,780
In the bottom decile	1,346,645	651,310	695,335	78,420	38,435	39,985
In the second decile	1,280,675	581,380	699,290	68,505	30,955	37,555
In the third decile	1,237,415	583,840	653,575	72,540	34,190	38,350
In the fourth decile	1,223,510	589,740	633,770	74,515	36,155	38,360
In the fifth decile	1,246,925	610,000	636,930	75,425	36,890	38,540
In the top half of the distribution	6,906,990	3,455,930	3,451,060	327,090	164,920	162,170
In the sixth decile	1,279,095	629,635	649,465	74,205	36,895	37,310
In the seventh decile	1,321,220	655,840	665,375	72,340	36,290	36,055
In the eighth decile	1,382,795	691,630	691,165	68,415	34,450	33,970
In the ninth decile	1,464,415	736,030	728,385	62,300	31,695	30,605
In the top decile	1,459,465	742,795	716,670	49,830	25,595	24,230
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	13,184,055	6,442,930	6,741,130	696,500	341,545	354,950
0 to 17 years	2,656,535	1,361,905	1,294,630	144,640	74,425	70,215
0 to 5 years	835,000	428,025	406,975	47,240	24,325	22,915
18 to 64 years	8,418,960	4,110,615	4,308,345	450,740	222,490	228,245
65 years and over	2,108,560	970,405	1,138,155	101,125	44,630	56,495
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,898,975	886,530	1,012,445	109,745	51,730	58,020
0 to 17 years	489,905	251,830	238,080	33,015	16,970	16,045
0 to 5 years	165,140	84,825	80,310	12,020	6,225	5,795
18 to 64 years	1,155,315	538,535	616,780	64,580	30,550	34,030
65 years and over	253,755	96,170	157,585	12,150	4,210	7,940
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4	13.8	15.0	15.8	15.1	16.3
0 to 17 years (%)	18.4	18.5	18.4	22.8	22.8	22.9
0 to 5 years (%)	19.8	19.8	19.7	25.4	25.6	25.3
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.1	14.3	14.3	13.7	14.9
65 years and over (%)	12.0	9.9	13.8	12.0	9.4	14.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,298,590	627,935	670,650	92,160	44,420	47,745
0 to 17 years	304,390	156,575	147,815	25,945	13,295	12,650
0 to 5 years	102,750	52,810	49,935	9,585	4,935	4,655
18 to 64 years	887,640	430,545	457,095	58,445	28,420	30,030
65 years and over	106,555	40,815	65,740	7,775	2,705	5,065
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.8	9.7	9.9	13.2	13.0	13.5
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.5	11.4	17.9	17.9	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.3	12.3	12.3	20.3	20.3	20.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	10.5	10.6	13.0	12.8	13.2
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.2	5.8	7.7	6.1	9.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925	696,475	341,620	354,855
Official languages	12,918,075	6,342,930	6,575,145	685,500	336,820	348,680
English	12,879,045	6,326,225	6,552,825	684,625	336,420	348,205
French	1,521,020	677,505	843,510	70,370	31,370	39,000
Non-official languages	4,431,270	2,115,510	2,315,760	222,165	106,505	115,655
Aboriginal languages	33,855	15,815	18,035	5,645	2,240	3,405
Algonquian languages	30,630	14,505	16,125	5,395	2,145	3,255
Blackfoot	15	15	0	10	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	6,560	3,160	3,395	1,865	745	1,125
Atikamekw	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moose Cree	145	70	75	10	0	0
Naskapi	25	10	10	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	65	25	45	35	10	25
Plains Cree	105	50	50	105	50	55
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	605	255	350	495	220	280
Woods Cree	45	25	25	55	25	30
Cree, n.o.s.	5,620	2,760	2,865	1,175	440	735
Eastern Algonquian languages	180	95	85	0	0	0
Malecite	20	20	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	160	75	85	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	23,980	11,285	12,690	3,690	1,460	2,225
Algonquin	205	95	105	0	0	0
Ojibway	16,220	7,600	8,630	2,580	1,035	1,545
Oji-Cree	7,515	3,585	3,935	1,105	420	680
Ottawa (Odawa)	200	105	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	50	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	85	25	65	75	15	60
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	25	55	75	10	60
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chilcotin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	45	20	30	75	15	60
Dogrib (Tlicho)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	840	320	525	55	25	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	0	10	0
Inuktitut	730	285	445	40	15	25
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	105	35	70	10	10	10
Iroquoian languages	1,940	810	1,125	10	0	0
Cayuga	120	35	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	1,625	710	915	10	10	0
Oneida	180	55	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	10	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	180	65	110	65	35	30
Salish languages	10	0	10	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	40	10	30	35	20	15
Dakota	20	10	10	35	20	15
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	10	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	210	100	110	20	10	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,397,690	2,099,820	2,297,865	216,585	104,300	112,290
Afro-Asiatic languages	362,645	183,050	179,595	14,595	7,635	6,960
Berber languages	925	505	415	75	40	40
Kabyle	530	280	255	45	25	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	390	225	165	40	25	15
Cushitic languages	34,160	15,155	19,000	2,215	1,140	1,075
Bilen	355	200	160	145	80	65
Oromo	2,075	905	1,175	530	270	260
Somali	31,535	13,925	17,610	1,530	785	745
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	370	170	205	15	10	0
Semitic languages	330,315	168,750	161,570	12,635	6,660	5,975
Amharic	16,010	7,565	8,445	2,180	1,175	1,005
Arabic	246,015	127,015	119,000	6,085	3,275	2,810
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	17,825	8,775	9,050	15	10	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	6,185	3,045	3,140	10	0	0
Harari	1,310	660	645	0	0	0
Hebrew	43,255	22,165	21,090	3,235	1,650	1,585
Maltese	7,020	3,455	3,570	40	15	30
Tigrigna	9,385	4,320	5,065	2,125	1,105	1,015
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,985	1,010	975	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,125	535	590	125	60	70
Austro-Asiatic languages	99,830	46,210	53,620	5,010	2,430	2,580
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,045	4,490	5,550	320	180	140
Vietnamese	90,265	41,965	48,300	4,700	2,265	2,435
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	60	10	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	249,435	98,295	151,150	59,340	27,340	32,000
Bikol	755	340	425	200	95	110
Cebuano	9,475	3,650	5,830	1,205	600	605
Fijian	110	40	65	10	0	10
Hiligaynon	3,110	1,205	1,910	395	160	230
Ilocano	15,235	5,940	9,295	1,810	860	950
Malagasy	215	115	100	0	0	0
Malay	9,780	4,500	5,280	315	160	155
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,935	855	1,080	910	400	510
Pangasinan	565	245	320	210	95	105
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	232,935	91,110	141,820	58,425	26,870	31,555
Waray-Waray	410	125	285	100	50	50
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,785	755	1,030	140	60	85
Creole languages	30,260	13,525	16,735	965	440	525
Haitian Creole	1,430	605	830	20	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	19,375	8,480	10,895	415	210	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	9,685	4,525	5,155	555	245	315
Dravidian languages	196,315	97,975	98,335	1,285	605	675
Kannada	5,775	2,930	2,845	160	90	70
Malayalam	22,880	11,535	11,345	480	190	290
Tamil	157,700	77,975	79,730	555	270	285
Telugu	16,315	8,925	7,390	175	95	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	495	250	240	0	0	10
Hmong-Mien languages	545	265	280	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,608,060	1,265,535	1,342,525	105,295	51,215	54,080
Albanian	22,375	11,180	11,195	375	195	185
Armenian	18,435	8,860	9,575	55	45	10
Balto-Slavic languages	473,565	221,450	252,120	25,275	11,755	13,520
Baltic languages	10,545	4,495	6,050	160	85	80
Latvian	4,675	2,070	2,610	65	35	35
Lithuanian	5,875	2,430	3,445	100	55	45
Slavic languages	465,170	217,885	247,285	25,150	11,700	13,450
Belarusan	1,360	680	680	65	25	40
Bosnian	9,915	4,905	5,010	810	400	410
Bulgarian	10,410	5,060	5,350	135	80	55
Croatian	46,580	22,880	23,700	1,380	650	725
Czech	14,045	6,615	7,430	545	245	300
Macedonian	21,505	10,365	11,140	125	70	55
Polish	142,985	65,415	77,575	6,185	2,890	3,295
Russian	138,735	64,355	74,380	7,750	3,825	3,920
Serbian	53,250	26,725	26,525	810	435	370
Serbo-Croatian	5,815	2,845	2,965	180	65	115
Slovak	12,035	5,550	6,490	350	150	200
Slovene (Slovenian)	7,935	3,550	4,390	260	95	165
Ukrainian	54,615	24,125	30,490	9,830	4,275	5,555
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	1,750	935	815	50	25	25
Celtic languages	3,800	1,880	1,920	95	60	40
Scottish Gaelic	1,480	720	765	65	45	15
Welsh	685	300	390	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	1,650	870	785	25	10	20
Germanic languages	274,305	130,610	143,700	19,650	8,950	10,700
Afrikaans	7,360	3,625	3,735	270	125	150
Danish	5,440	2,455	2,980	160	60	100
Dutch	63,410	29,875	33,535	1,420	690	735
Frisian	1,655	820	835	35	20	15
German	189,035	90,730	98,305	16,890	7,755	9,130
Icelandic	285	130	155	205	60	145
Norwegian	2,140	975	1,165	150	60	90
Swedish	5,125	2,345	2,785	175	55	115
Vlaams (Flemish)	2,275	1,050	1,225	100	35	60
Yiddish	7,175	3,535	3,640	540	230	310
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	3,290	1,645	1,645	40	25	20
Greek	80,690	40,105	40,590	1,815	925	885
Indo-Iranian languages	915,765	463,175	452,585	34,895	18,410	16,485
Indo-Aryan languages	759,390	384,940	374,450	32,140	17,025	15,120
Bengali	59,685	30,420	29,265	1,435	840	590
Gujarati	103,890	52,380	51,510	2,745	1,435	1,305
Hindi	250,095	127,765	122,335	11,165	5,975	5,190
Kashmiri	600	300	300	20	15	0
Konkani	5,490	2,515	2,975	30	25	10
Marathi	10,360	5,380	4,980	215	125	90
Nepali	10,245	5,115	5,135	600	280	320
Oriya (Odia)	1,090	515	570	20	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	282,065	145,050	137,015	21,365	11,215	10,150
Sindhi	11,515	5,385	6,130	140	80	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	18,555	9,230	9,330	880	470	405
Urdu	231,500	117,305	114,190	4,170	2,355	1,815
Iranian languages	163,490	81,710	81,785	2,850	1,425	1,430
Kurdish	8,795	4,755	4,040	570	280	290
Pashto	15,315	8,145	7,170	270	120	145
Persian (Farsi)	145,465	72,275	73,190	2,160	1,110	1,055
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	4,665	2,495	2,175	200	110	90
Italic (Romance) languages	880,330	418,225	462,105	25,595	12,060	13,530
Catalan	515	275	240	15	10	10
Italian	333,645	161,190	172,455	4,785	2,310	2,475
Portuguese	193,520	93,885	99,635	7,400	3,550	3,850
Romanian	49,635	23,205	26,430	680	350	330
Spanish	337,615	156,040	181,580	13,450	6,200	7,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	1,355	745	605	45	40	10
Japanese	25,675	11,535	14,140	1,010	470	535
Kartvelian languages	1,555	775	780	15	0	10
Georgian	1,555	770	785	10	0	15
Korean	79,175	36,930	42,245	3,705	1,815	1,885
Mongolic languages	515	225	285	50	20	30
Mongolian	515	225	285	50	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	70,570	33,620	36,945	7,255	3,695	3,555
Akan (Twi)	15,950	7,520	8,435	210	130	80
Bamanankan	385	195	185	150	90	60
Edo	2,130	930	1,195	95	60	30
Ewe	880	435	445	45	25	25
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	700	320	375	50	25	20
Ga	1,340	645	695	15	10	10
Ganda	1,225	550	675	175	80	100
Igbo	4,025	2,105	1,920	620	310	310
Lingala	4,885	2,165	2,720	645	305	340
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,555	1,080	1,475	195	90	100
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,220	885	1,330	305	155	155
Shona	2,350	1,055	1,300	195	80	115
Swahili	16,750	8,110	8,640	1,815	965	855
Wolof	730	355	375	150	80	70
Yoruba	10,495	5,345	5,150	2,365	1,185	1,180
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	11,210	5,255	5,950	1,230	630	605
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,025	1,020	1,010	405	225	185
Dinka	415	220	200	185	100	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,615	805	810	225	125	105
Sign languages	18,865	7,645	11,220	1,940	735	1,210
American Sign Language	10,220	3,695	6,525	1,305	505	805
Quebec Sign Language	235	60	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	8,690	4,005	4,680	650	240	410
Sino-Tibetan languages	689,145	324,575	364,565	18,730	9,305	9,430
Chinese languages	679,170	319,635	359,530	18,080	9,005	9,075
Cantonese	341,875	159,280	182,600	7,705	3,630	4,075
Hakka	7,865	3,445	4,420	40	25	15
Mandarin	385,395	179,890	205,510	11,185	5,650	5,535
Min Dong	810	330	480	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	16,980	7,650	9,330	440	205	235
Wu (Shanghainese)	8,305	3,860	4,440	150	85	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	16,455	7,710	8,745	815	450	370
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	185	95	90	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10,460	5,200	5,260	665	300	365
Burmese	2,215	1,055	1,165	180	115	70
Karenic languages	1,820	905	920	460	200	265
Tibetan	5,695	2,845	2,850	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,245	645	605	135	60	75
Tai-Kadai languages	11,120	4,945	6,180	1,390	640	750
Lao	6,740	3,215	3,520	1,025	475	550
Thai	5,195	2,065	3,135	485	225	260
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	10	0	10
Turkic languages	33,335	17,310	16,025	435	220	215
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,710	1,550	55	30	25
Turkish	27,850	14,510	13,340	310	160	150
Uyghur	700	350	345	30	15	15
Uzbek	1,405	700	705	15	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	915	450	465	40	15	20
Uralic languages	58,370	27,060	31,310	1,175	545	630
Estonian	4,785	2,155	2,625	50	20	30
Finnish	11,145	4,865	6,280	130	55	80
Hungarian	42,545	20,070	22,480	995	475	525
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,675	1,950	1,725	375	245	130
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	696,475	341,620	354,855
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	12,223,065	5,987,360	6,235,705	615,965	301,080	314,885
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,546,075	1,305,820	1,240,255	128,635	66,000	62,640
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	9,676,990	4,681,540	4,995,445	487,330	235,085	252,250
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,019,095	484,880	534,215	80,510	40,540	39,965
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	696,475	341,620	354,855
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	9,188,815	4,555,270	4,633,545	506,430	248,520	257,915
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480	176,735	85,770	90,970
Before 1981	1,077,745	507,500	570,240	38,230	17,605	20,625
1981 to 1990	513,995	246,235	267,755	16,220	8,215	8,015
1991 to 2000	834,510	390,315	444,195	17,930	8,620	9,310
2001 to 2010	953,730	446,895	506,835	52,455	25,845	26,615
2001 to 2005	490,560	230,950	259,610	16,005	7,820	8,185
2006 to 2010	463,170	215,945	247,225	36,460	18,025	18,430
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	472,170	223,715	248,450	51,890	25,485	26,405
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	201,200	102,305	98,895	13,310	7,335	5,970
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,485	176,735	85,765	90,970
Under 5 years	369,955	184,255	185,705	17,950	9,050	8,895
5 to 14 years	685,085	345,865	339,225	33,075	16,860	16,210
15 to 24 years	855,475	381,025	474,450	34,980	16,190	18,790
25 to 44 years	1,579,500	741,340	838,160	76,020	36,545	39,480
45 years and over	362,130	162,180	199,945	14,710	7,115	7,595
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,852,145	1,814,665	2,037,480	176,735	85,770	90,970
Americas	598,950	265,930	333,025	16,295	7,720	8,580
Brazil	14,705	6,700	8,010	395	155	240
Colombia	28,815	13,085	15,730	535	245	295
El Salvador	20,920	10,165	10,750	1,485	800	695
Guyana	79,745	35,325	44,420	1,065	480	590
Haiti	10,195	4,410	5,785	75	40	35
Jamaica	119,840	51,320	68,525	1,580	730	850
Mexico	30,075	13,895	16,185	730	365	365
Peru	10,550	4,660	5,895	190	85	110
Trinidad and Tobago	52,810	23,515	29,300	1,410	730	675
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	109,005	47,170	61,830	4,130	1,910	2,225
Other places of birth in Americas	122,280	55,685	66,600	4,690	2,175	2,510
Europe	1,144,295	546,250	598,050	37,060	17,840	19,225
Bosnia and Herzegovina	21,300	10,655	10,645	1,020	510	505
Croatia	27,330	13,495	13,835	875	385	485
France	13,385	6,310	7,070	470	245	225
Germany	63,460	29,685	33,775	4,075	1,915	2,165
Greece	36,575	18,225	18,350	775	420	350
Hungary	22,085	10,495	11,590	675	345	325
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15,275	7,415	7,860	405	180	220
Italy	157,815	78,510	79,305	2,515	1,290	1,225
Netherlands	47,400	23,910	23,490	1,025	545	485
Poland	96,000	43,155	52,845	4,360	2,020	2,345
Portugal	103,025	50,240	52,785	3,885	1,915	1,970
Romania	42,720	19,720	23,000	635	320	320
Russian Federation	42,980	18,540	24,440	1,980	920	1,055
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	23,695	11,610	12,085	325	170	155
Ukraine	39,945	18,150	21,795	3,680	1,720	1,965
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	264,125	125,730	138,390	6,935	3,305	3,635
Other places of birth in Europe	127,190	60,395	66,790	3,415	1,630	1,790
Africa	226,770	109,585	117,185	15,930	8,310	7,615
Algeria	2,925	1,480	1,450	105	50	50
Egypt	34,510	18,000	16,510	895	480	405
Ethiopia	15,570	7,230	8,340	2,210	1,170	1,040
Kenya	14,940	6,910	8,025	895	440	455
Morocco	5,485	2,690	2,795	220	115	110
Nigeria	20,630	10,285	10,345	3,490	1,880	1,605
Somalia	16,970	6,845	10,125	750	340	405
South Africa, Republic of	19,390	9,545	9,840	525	235	295
Other places of birth in Africa	96,355	46,610	49,745	6,845	3,595	3,250
Asia	1,869,805	886,570	983,240	107,000	51,695	55,310
Afghanistan	33,145	16,490	16,655	605	280	325
Bangladesh	39,410	19,970	19,440	845	460	385
China^{Census data footnote 59}	317,225	143,705	173,515	7,555	3,630	3,920
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	108,030	50,945	57,090	1,375	655	715
India	360,540	179,950	180,590	19,260	9,935	9,325
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	86,810	43,445	43,360	1,080	600	485
Iraq	50,390	25,280	25,115	835	445	390
Japan	8,145	2,550	5,585	180	50	125
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	57,085	26,660	30,425	2,570	1,260	1,315
Lebanon	34,545	18,145	16,405	225	145	80
Pakistan	142,265	71,925	70,345	2,840	1,535	1,305
Philippines	231,760	93,730	138,030	56,885	26,465	30,415
Sri Lanka	109,855	53,640	56,215	970	490	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	22,680	11,405	11,270	695	325	370
Taiwan	17,840	7,775	10,065	185	95	95
Viet Nam	80,525	36,545	43,985	4,085	1,960	2,125
Other places of birth in Asia	169,555	84,400	85,160	6,810	3,360	3,455
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	12,330	6,330	5,990	455	210	245
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	472,170	223,720	248,450	51,890	25,485	26,405
Americas	60,700	29,005	31,700	1,940	880	1,060
Brazil	3,180	1,505	1,675	95	35	65
Colombia	4,520	2,005	2,520	80	25	55
Cuba	1,950	910	1,045	55	15	40
Haiti	2,575	1,140	1,435	15	10	10
Jamaica	8,935	4,840	4,090	240	130	115
Mexico	5,670	2,745	2,925	240	125	115
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	14,635	7,225	7,405	595	295	300
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	2,460	1,120	1,340	40	15	25
Other places of birth in Americas	16,775	7,510	9,265	570	235	340
Europe	45,295	22,250	23,045	3,325	1,680	1,640
France	2,010	1,025	985	85	35	45
Germany	1,695	885	805	95	50	50
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,900	1,185	715	100	55	40
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	880	400	480	130	75	55
Romania	2,425	995	1,430	65	35	30
Russian Federation	4,905	1,790	3,115	725	330	395
Ukraine	4,455	2,005	2,445	970	470	500
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,780	4,515	3,265	300	175	135
Other places of birth in Europe	19,245	9,450	9,795	855	460	395
Africa	39,380	19,045	20,330	7,105	3,685	3,425
Algeria	415	180	240	25	15	0
Cameroon	1,390	640	750	50	30	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,835	845	990	730	355	375
Côte d'Ivoire	605	245	360	95	35	60
Egypt	8,220	4,290	3,935	380	205	180
Eritrea	2,055	1,010	1,045	740	400	345
Ethiopia	2,505	1,115	1,385	720	375	340
Morocco	655	275	375	60	30	30
Nigeria	5,910	2,895	3,015	2,405	1,290	1,115
Somalia	2,065	965	1,100	380	165	220
South Africa, Republic of	1,410	715	695	90	30	65
Tunisia	310	155	150	55	40	15
Other places of birth in Africa	12,010	5,715	6,295	1,370	710	660
Asia	324,820	152,205	172,615	39,395	19,170	20,225
Afghanistan	5,785	2,845	2,945	60	30	20
Bangladesh	8,180	4,055	4,125	330	180	155
China^{Census data footnote 59}	58,840	26,025	32,815	2,880	1,375	1,500
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,985	800	1,190	145	80	65
India	69,325	35,060	34,265	9,395	4,860	4,535
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	21,225	10,300	10,930	410	220	190
Iraq	14,645	7,315	7,330	315	170	145
Israel	2,050	1,085	970	585	335	255
Japan	1,385	370	1,015	50	20	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	6,320	2,855	3,470	1,160	605	555
Lebanon	3,230	1,685	1,545	115	80	40
Nepal	3,395	1,725	1,665	205	65	140
Pakistan	25,435	12,425	13,015	1,415	745	670
Philippines	53,190	21,740	31,450	19,580	9,110	10,475
Saudi Arabia	3,140	1,615	1,530	310	140	170
Sri Lanka	8,185	3,580	4,605	225	120	100
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	12,710	6,590	6,120	535	260	275
Taiwan	1,015	435	580	20	10	10
Turkey	2,590	1,440	1,145	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	4,290	2,230	2,055	110	55	55
Viet Nam	3,885	1,520	2,365	480	220	260
Other places of birth in Asia	13,995	6,505	7,485	1,030	460	570
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,980	1,215	765	125	70	50
Australia	1,535	965	565	70	25	40
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	445	250	200	55	50	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	696,475	341,620	354,855
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,122,840	1,953,095	2,169,740	193,170	94,595	98,570
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	3,049,835	1,525,300	1,524,540	129,440	63,690	65,750
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	6,069,485	2,993,845	3,075,640	373,865	183,335	190,535
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,825,480	1,331,730	1,493,750	141,195	69,470	71,715
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,364,380	677,695	686,685	91,515	45,925	45,590
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	540,795	338,460	202,335	35,485	20,665	14,825
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	823,580	339,240	484,350	56,035	25,265	30,765
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	940,405	382,890	557,520	30,620	13,380	17,240
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	482,665	253,750	228,910	18,670	10,025	8,645
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	38,035	17,400	20,640	385	145	240
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	696,475	341,625	354,855
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	374,395	179,970	194,420	84,615	40,005	44,610
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	361,125	173,685	187,445	83,050	39,185	43,865
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	236,680	112,840	123,845	36,895	16,955	19,940
Métis	120,585	59,015	61,570	45,870	22,100	23,765
Inuk (Inuit)	3,860	1,835	2,030	285	125	160
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	5,730	2,680	3,045	1,205	660	540
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	7,540	3,615	3,930	365	160	205
Non-Aboriginal identity	12,867,765	6,292,265	6,575,500	611,855	301,620	310,245
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,925	696,475	341,620	354,855
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	170,895	81,560	89,335	35,080	16,045	19,040
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	13,071,265	6,390,680	6,680,585	661,390	325,575	335,815
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	696,475	341,620	354,855
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	112,875	54,840	58,035	28,555	13,240	15,320
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	111,575	54,180	57,395	27,465	12,730	14,740
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	97,430	47,130	50,305	19,345	8,910	10,440
Métis single ancestry	12,925	6,490	6,435	8,060	3,795	4,265
Inuit single ancestry	1,220	565	655	60	25	35
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,295	665	640	1,085	510	575
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,055	545	510	1,055	495	560
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	145	70	75	25	15	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	25	40	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	20	10	0	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	405,425	192,320	213,100	57,860	27,680	30,180
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	395,205	187,695	207,510	54,395	26,065	28,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	276,920	130,810	146,110	19,315	9,230	10,085
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	113,785	54,830	58,955	34,850	16,725	18,125
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,500	2,050	2,450	230	105	125
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10,215	4,620	5,590	3,465	1,620	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,305	4,205	5,100	3,315	1,545	1,770
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	595	290	305	65	35	30
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	300	125	170	75	35	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	12,723,865	6,225,080	6,498,785	610,060	300,700	309,355
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	696,475	341,620	354,855
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,885,585	1,878,075	2,007,505	192,960	95,995	96,960
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,150,415	582,010	568,400	37,375	19,660	17,710
Chinese	754,550	359,230	395,315	19,670	9,920	9,750
Black	627,715	296,270	331,445	26,930	13,895	13,035
Filipino	311,675	132,440	179,230	73,370	34,865	38,505
Latin American	195,950	93,645	102,310	6,725	3,265	3,455
Arab	210,435	109,585	100,850	4,570	2,430	2,135
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	133,855	63,255	70,605	7,930	3,815	4,115
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	154,670	77,385	77,280	2,485	1,305	1,185
Korean	88,935	42,445	46,495	3,760	1,865	1,890
Japanese	30,830	13,595	17,235	1,520	690	835
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	97,970	46,105	51,860	2,765	1,380	1,380
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	128,585	62,105	66,485	5,855	2,900	2,960
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	9,356,575	4,594,165	4,762,410	503,520	245,625	257,890
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	13,242,160	6,472,240	6,769,920	696,475	341,620	354,855
North American Aboriginal origins	518,300	247,160	271,135	86,415	40,920	45,500
First Nations (North American Indian)	385,505	183,075	202,430	43,135	20,230	22,900
Inuit	6,870	3,150	3,720	475	220	250
Métis	137,485	66,245	71,235	47,375	22,600	24,770
Other North American origins	3,220,595	1,585,255	1,635,340	118,415	58,400	60,020
Acadian	16,580	8,135	8,450	435	205	230
American	140,165	67,480	72,690	5,215	2,585	2,620
Canadian	3,109,770	1,531,645	1,578,125	114,110	56,220	57,890
New Brunswicker	320	190	125	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10,850	5,520	5,325	130	80	50
Nova Scotian	1,485	685	800	20	15	10
Ontarian	2,165	1,085	1,075	15	15	0
Québécois	5,390	2,730	2,665	225	115	105
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	675	375	300	25	10	15
European origins	8,151,470	3,978,900	4,172,570	447,725	217,670	230,055
British Isles origins	4,900,430	2,380,595	2,519,835	231,400	112,965	118,435
Channel Islander	1,120	530	590	45	20	30
Cornish	755	370	385	70	35	30
English	2,808,805	1,357,650	1,451,160	131,840	63,795	68,045
Irish	2,095,460	991,625	1,103,835	88,200	42,075	46,120
Manx	2,450	1,320	1,130	95	65	30
Scottish	2,107,295	1,016,260	1,091,030	113,125	54,975	58,150
Welsh	198,475	94,555	103,920	10,945	5,250	5,695
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	323,185	152,525	170,660	13,375	6,210	7,165
French origins	1,350,520	643,360	707,160	83,720	40,410	43,315
Alsatian	1,235	495	740	20	10	10
Breton	290	175	120	60	15	45
Corsican	205	125	85	10	0	0
French	1,349,255	642,790	706,470	83,680	40,385	43,295
Western European origins (except French origins)	1,766,975	864,010	902,970	139,395	67,445	71,950
Austrian	72,475	35,415	37,065	7,580	3,630	3,955
Bavarian	450	225	230	10	0	0
Belgian	57,890	28,460	29,430	9,645	4,610	5,030
Dutch	527,750	259,585	268,165	25,630	12,510	13,120
Flemish	4,005	2,005	1,995	510	200	310
Frisian	2,705	1,400	1,305	80	50	35
German	1,189,670	579,315	610,355	107,615	52,125	55,490
Luxembourger	915	500	415	75	35	40
Swiss	59,835	29,395	30,440	2,785	1,295	1,495
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	1,095	560	530	130	60	70
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	266,085	127,885	138,195	43,305	20,420	22,885
Danish	53,555	26,355	27,195	4,375	2,085	2,290
Finnish	76,755	36,955	39,800	2,455	1,130	1,320
Icelandic	13,215	6,325	6,895	16,325	7,890	8,430
Norwegian	59,335	28,350	30,980	10,160	4,655	5,500
Swedish	71,035	32,705	38,325	12,440	5,780	6,665
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	12,540	6,400	6,140	1,570	755	815
Eastern European origins	1,339,610	644,610	695,000	159,335	76,920	82,410
Bulgarian	16,750	8,230	8,525	270	155	115
Byelorussian	11,690	5,645	6,045	635	300	330
Czech	42,340	20,815	21,530	2,665	1,240	1,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	14,810	6,820	7,990	1,200	600	600
Estonian	15,075	7,255	7,825	165	75	95
Hungarian	163,500	79,850	83,655	6,540	3,260	3,280
Latvian	18,095	8,615	9,480	830	385	445
Lithuanian	35,100	16,965	18,135	1,000	485	515
Moldovan	3,905	1,910	1,995	245	130	120
Polish	523,490	251,575	271,910	53,120	25,385	27,735
Romanian	98,235	46,825	51,410	3,885	1,910	1,975
Russian	220,850	103,650	117,200	26,155	12,560	13,600
Slovak	40,535	19,645	20,885	1,375	600	775
Ukrainian	376,440	181,725	194,715	101,770	49,215	52,555
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10,330	4,940	5,390	705	320	390
Southern European origins	1,772,160	880,335	891,830	48,425	23,720	24,705
Albanian	25,980	13,085	12,895	395	215	180
Bosnian	14,680	7,255	7,425	955	470	485
Catalan	285	180	110	15	0	15
Croatian	82,220	41,350	40,875	2,295	1,085	1,210
Cypriot	4,400	2,170	2,230	30	20	10
Greek	148,555	74,830	73,720	3,335	1,695	1,640
Italian	931,805	467,100	464,705	18,040	9,065	8,975
Kosovar	1,305	655	650	35	20	15
Macedonian	39,440	19,820	19,625	215	110	105
Maltese	35,255	17,525	17,730	225	110	120
Montenegrin	2,545	1,295	1,250	35	0	30
Portuguese	324,930	160,970	163,960	12,085	5,965	6,115
Serbian	66,835	34,035	32,800	1,065	575	490
Sicilian	4,190	2,090	2,100	205	85	115
Slovenian	26,485	13,215	13,275	900	435	465
Spanish	171,145	78,880	92,265	10,450	4,690	5,765
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	20,245	9,785	10,460	790	420	370
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	965	425	540	65	40	30
Other European origins	105,865	53,050	52,820	8,835	4,440	4,395
Basque	1,585	805	780	95	65	30
Jewish	77,280	38,860	38,425	7,320	3,645	3,675
Roma (Gypsy)	2,295	1,050	1,245	105	60	40
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	2,065	1,110	955	130	65	60
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	23,290	11,540	11,750	1,245	630	615
Caribbean origins	462,600	213,660	248,940	9,045	4,515	4,530
Antiguan	3,275	1,480	1,800	65	20	40
Bahamian	2,305	1,190	1,115	60	30	30
Barbadian	26,625	12,375	14,250	650	340	310
Bermudan	2,010	925	1,085	35	25	10
Carib	2,295	855	1,440	65	30	40
Cuban	14,490	6,625	7,865	225	105	125
Dominican	9,180	4,420	4,760	245	130	115
Grenadian	14,690	6,420	8,275	145	75	70
Guadeloupean	70	20	50	0	0	0
Haitian	17,715	8,085	9,630	130	45	85
Jamaican	257,060	119,100	137,955	3,805	1,880	1,925
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,260	1,090	1,175	10	0	0
Martinican	195	65	125	0	0	0
Montserratan	620	300	325	10	0	0
Puerto Rican	1,495	755	740	60	20	40
St. Lucian	7,170	3,195	3,985	35	20	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	59,560	27,850	31,710	2,000	1,060	945
Vincentian/Grenadinian	12,155	5,250	6,905	160	75	85
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	56,865	25,380	31,480	1,290	600	690
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	16,970	7,770	9,195	580	310	265
Latin, Central and South American origins	322,210	153,045	169,165	11,075	5,415	5,660
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10,795	5,040	5,750	495	270	230
Arawak	1,055	470	585	10	0	10
Argentinian	11,460	5,620	5,840	445	220	230
Belizean	810	395	415	20	0	10
Bolivian	1,885	935	955	45	10	35
Brazilian	18,395	8,760	9,635	720	315	405
Chilean	14,625	7,015	7,610	1,260	590	670
Colombian	40,820	19,345	21,480	825	400	430
Costa Rican	2,790	1,380	1,410	60	35	25
Ecuadorian	20,385	9,650	10,735	80	50	30
Guatemalan	10,040	4,870	5,170	455	210	245
Guyanese	73,360	34,050	39,315	1,310	655	650
Hispanic	5,805	2,790	3,015	310	130	180
Honduran	3,360	1,590	1,765	70	40	30
Maya	2,500	1,285	1,215	135	95	40
Mexican	43,120	20,735	22,380	1,735	815	915
Nicaraguan	7,100	3,440	3,665	300	150	145
Panamanian	2,475	1,125	1,355	40	10	35
Paraguayan	600	280	320	495	285	210
Peruvian	14,780	6,985	7,800	265	100	170
Salvadorean	27,595	13,530	14,070	1,675	890	790
Uruguayan	4,200	2,150	2,050	35	10	20
Venezuelan	11,750	5,320	6,430	180	70	115
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	14,095	6,745	7,350	720	370	355
African origins	414,095	203,260	210,835	25,390	13,135	12,255
Central and West African origins	85,735	42,745	42,990	8,030	4,210	3,825
Akan	965	540	425	30	10	20
Angolan	1,635	815	820	15	10	0
Ashanti	1,205	620	585	25	10	15
Beninese	555	280	270	50	45	0
Burkinabe	415	190	225	15	10	10
Cameroonian	4,700	2,330	2,370	140	75	70
Chadian	645	320	325	10	10	0
Congolese	10,425	4,960	5,460	1,545	770	775
Edo	1,025	545	480	125	80	45
Ewe	180	95	80	15	0	10
Gabonese	170	80	90	25	20	0
Gambian	630	305	330	10	10	0
Ghanaian	24,850	12,060	12,790	350	195	155
Guinean	1,105	550	560	65	20	45
Ibo	1,940	1,035	905	415	195	220
Ivorian	1,350	600	745	120	45	80
Liberian	770	365	405	50	15	30
Malian	490	250	240	140	85	55
Malinké	345	160	185	35	25	10
Nigerian	26,560	13,620	12,940	3,435	1,870	1,565
Peulh	135	80	55	25	10	10
Senegalese	1,000	500	495	110	70	45
Sierra Leonean	1,175	585	585	310	150	165
Togolese	670	370	300	110	55	55
Wolof	80	45	35	20	15	10
Yoruba	4,055	2,155	1,900	995	510	490
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	4,745	2,340	2,410	495	230	265
North African origins	86,665	44,970	41,695	3,235	1,715	1,520
Algerian	4,065	2,035	2,030	95	40	55
Berber	1,845	985	860	130	80	55
Coptic	2,305	1,185	1,120	75	35	35
Dinka	205	110	95	35	20	10
Egyptian	52,845	27,465	25,375	1,160	615	545
Libyan	3,785	2,015	1,760	300	140	160
Maure	290	160	125	75	45	25
Moroccan	12,305	6,310	6,000	300	145	150
Sudanese	8,975	4,600	4,375	1,030	545	480
Tunisian	2,295	1,210	1,085	85	55	30
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	1,755	920	830	65	35	30
Southern and East African origins	128,910	61,680	67,230	9,200	4,760	4,435
Afrikaner	560	285	275	35	25	0
Amhara	720	360	360	115	80	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	870	455	415	150	85	65
Burundian	3,105	1,465	1,640	215	105	115
Djiboutian	1,035	460	575	40	30	15
Eritrean	11,870	5,740	6,125	2,175	1,165	1,015
Ethiopian	22,560	10,755	11,800	2,520	1,275	1,245
Harari	475	255	215	10	0	10
Kenyan	5,860	2,780	3,080	285	140	145
Malagasy	430	200	230	0	0	0
Mauritian	3,600	1,830	1,770	100	55	50
Oromo	1,290	610	685	315	185	130
Rwandan	3,215	1,380	1,830	295	140	155
Seychellois	350	140	205	30	10	20
Somali	40,995	19,200	21,795	1,715	890	825
South African	19,760	9,790	9,970	390	180	210
Tanzanian	2,610	1,300	1,315	80	55	30
Tigrian	770	395	375	315	195	120
Ugandan	2,950	1,445	1,505	170	85	90
Zambian	805	410	395	190	90	100
Zimbabwean	3,425	1,595	1,830	265	125	140
Zulu	440	225	215	25	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	8,475	3,900	4,570	425	220	205
Other African origins	119,670	57,245	62,420	5,540	2,775	2,760
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	17,380	7,720	9,660	655	340	310
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	103,560	50,150	53,410	4,965	2,460	2,500
Asian origins	3,100,450	1,506,795	1,593,655	159,715	79,155	80,560
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	523,340	265,615	257,730	9,790	5,035	4,755
Afghan	54,535	27,255	27,280	1,005	480	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	44,705	23,345	21,360	1,535	835	700
Armenian	29,675	14,570	15,105	345	170	175
Assyrian	12,075	6,140	5,935	30	20	15
Azerbaijani	4,105	1,995	2,110	55	35	25
Georgian	2,815	1,415	1,395	105	55	45
Hazara	680	390	290	0	0	0
Iranian	117,065	58,995	58,065	1,625	865	760
Iraqi	50,460	25,420	25,035	910	475	435
Israeli	17,080	8,890	8,185	735	385	350
Jordanian	9,660	5,110	4,545	210	90	120
Kazakh	1,325	610	715	40	20	15
Kurd	9,210	4,880	4,330	300	145	160
Kuwaiti	1,510	795	715	45	20	25
Kyrgyz	340	130	210	35	20	15
Lebanese	86,245	43,700	42,545	985	495	490
Palestinian	28,480	15,215	13,270	550	295	255
Pashtun	3,010	1,635	1,375	50	25	25
Saudi Arabian	3,660	1,975	1,685	125	65	50
Syrian	31,440	15,570	15,870	905	445	460
Tajik	1,850	880	970	45	20	25
Tatar	2,135	930	1,205	145	70	70
Turk	34,165	17,340	16,825	540	250	290
Turkmen	695	345	355	0	0	0
Uighur	755	385	375	15	0	0
Uzbek	2,400	1,155	1,240	60	35	20
Yemeni	4,225	2,065	2,155	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	16,270	8,395	7,875	220	125	95
South Asian origins	1,182,845	595,480	587,370	38,135	20,005	18,130
Bangladeshi	29,195	14,965	14,230	855	490	365
Bengali	15,235	7,795	7,445	190	115	75
Bhutanese	1,450	710	735	145	55	85
East Indian	774,500	390,015	384,480	30,215	15,785	14,430
Goan	4,775	2,245	2,525	50	25	30
Gujarati	5,915	3,055	2,860	155	80	70
Kashmiri	1,795	900	895	15	10	0
Nepali	8,150	4,070	4,080	490	240	250
Pakistani	149,060	75,860	73,200	2,965	1,610	1,350
Punjabi	55,455	28,580	26,875	3,445	1,795	1,650
Sinhalese	5,195	2,545	2,645	250	125	130
Sri Lankan	124,270	60,685	63,585	1,030	515	515
Tamil	42,760	21,705	21,050	235	135	100
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	58,705	29,705	29,005	665	390	280
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,422,890	659,650	763,245	112,210	54,265	57,945
Burmese	4,420	2,105	2,315	245	120	130
Cambodian (Khmer)	14,655	6,810	7,845	500	270	230
Chinese	849,345	403,280	446,065	26,460	13,160	13,305
Filipino	337,760	144,830	192,930	76,680	36,635	40,050
Hmong	650	340	305	0	0	0
Indonesian	9,325	4,305	5,025	420	215	200
Japanese	41,620	18,530	23,090	2,230	1,025	1,195
Karen	1,645	830	815	450	200	250
Korean	93,420	44,585	48,835	3,910	1,960	1,945
Laotian	9,875	4,865	5,015	1,565	730	830
Malaysian	7,310	3,370	3,935	425	220	210
Mongolian	2,940	1,390	1,545	125	50	75
Singaporean	1,260	565	700	10	0	0
Taiwanese	10,060	4,595	5,465	120	75	40
Thai	6,865	2,725	4,135	610	270	340
Tibetan	6,365	3,175	3,185	10	10	0
Vietnamese	107,640	51,350	56,290	5,540	2,735	2,805
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	4,375	2,165	2,210	145	65	85
Other Asian origins	13,430	6,575	6,855	450	225	220
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	13,430	6,575	6,855	450	225	220
Oceania origins	20,680	10,435	10,240	945	445	505
Australian	13,315	6,780	6,530	620	275	350
New Zealander	4,250	2,255	2,000	175	95	85
Pacific Islands origins	3,490	1,625	1,860	195	105	90
Fijian	1,610	665	945	10	0	0
Hawaiian	470	235	240	55	35	25
Maori	485	255	230	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	275	115	165	50	35	15
Samoan	225	140	85	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	555	265	290	35	15	25
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	5,169,175	...	...	283,425	...	...
Owner	3,601,825	...	...	184,700	...	...
Renter	1,559,720	...	...	98,725	...	...
Band housing	7,635	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	5,169,170	...	...	283,430	...	...
Condominium	680,495	...	...	24,445	...	...
Not condominium	4,488,680	...	...	258,980	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	5,169,175	...	...	283,425	...	...
No bedrooms	33,950	...	...	3,025	...	...
1 bedroom	699,980	...	...	47,910	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,122,145	...	...	73,770	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,876,905	...	...	96,965	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,436,185	...	...	61,750	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	5,169,170	...	...	283,430	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,369,660	...	...	92,535	...	...
5 rooms	718,020	...	...	46,010	...	...
6 rooms	770,730	...	...	43,045	...	...
7 rooms	713,595	...	...	35,735	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,597,165	...	...	66,100	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	5,169,175	...	...	283,425	...	...
One person or fewer per room	5,046,810	...	...	274,305	...	...
More than 1 person per room	122,360	...	...	9,120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	5,169,175	...	...	283,425	...	...
Suitable	4,858,170	...	...	262,470	...	...
Not suitable	311,005	...	...	20,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	5,169,175	...	...	283,425	...	...
1960 or before	1,293,135	...	...	97,375	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,449,585	...	...	93,975	...	...
1981 to 1990	709,135	...	...	36,745	...	...
1991 to 2000	622,565	...	...	18,375	...	...
2001 to 2005	396,130	...	...	8,940	...	...
2006 to 2010	368,235	...	...	12,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	330,390	...	...	15,475	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	5,169,175	...	...	283,430	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,851,335	...	...	261,330	...	...
Major repairs needed	317,840	...	...	22,095	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	5,169,170	...	...	283,430	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,962,065	...	...	165,470	...	...
2 household maintainers	2,059,710	...	...	110,385	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	147,400	...	...	7,570	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	5,169,175	...	...	283,425	...	...
15 to 24 years	135,835	...	...	9,590	...	...
25 to 34 years	681,685	...	...	44,855	...	...
35 to 44 years	880,070	...	...	50,805	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,113,885	...	...	55,835	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,047,185	...	...	54,790	...	...
65 to 74 years	738,445	...	...	37,640	...	...
75 to 84 years	414,210	...	...	21,145	...	...
85 years and over	157,860	...	...	8,760	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	5,106,290	...	...	282,620	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,694,385	...	...	221,175	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,411,900	...	...	61,440	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,208,010	...	...	52,315	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,557,485	...	...	184,695	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.0	...	...	62.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	19.8	...	...	12.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,299	...	...	1,077	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,463	...	...	1,162	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,496	...	...	299,070	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	506,409	...	...	320,103	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,554,940	...	...	98,725	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.0	...	...	18.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.7	...	...	39.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,045	...	...	914	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,109	...	...	938	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	577,155	280,340	296,815
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,935,355	961,690	973,670	97,550	48,855	48,690
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,026,100	1,485,320	1,540,770	172,490	86,390	86,105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,235	307,110	145,090	162,015
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	664,180	471,055	193,120	37,730	25,920	11,805
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	324,370	199,510	124,855	19,475	11,370	8,105
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	339,810	271,545	68,260	18,255	14,550	3,705
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,298,715	981,785	1,316,930	102,905	43,930	58,975
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	242,005	107,065	134,945	16,040	6,670	9,370
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,872,085	1,335,845	1,536,250	150,440	68,575	81,870
Bachelor's degree	1,911,530	854,135	1,057,395	106,005	46,790	59,215
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	189,370	83,670	105,695	11,565	5,065	6,505
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	79,760	42,295	37,460	4,810	2,745	2,065
Master's degree	593,645	294,180	299,470	23,265	10,955	12,310
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	97,790	61,560	36,230	4,795	3,020	1,775
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,495	382,175	187,765	194,410
No certificate, diploma or degree	752,995	404,770	348,225	38,480	21,530	16,950
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,768,955	895,020	873,935	101,280	52,900	48,380
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,707,165	2,198,830	2,508,335	242,415	113,335	129,080
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	446,390	315,975	130,420	25,885	17,935	7,945
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	218,980	134,685	84,295	13,450	8,035	5,415
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	227,410	181,290	46,120	12,440	9,905	2,535
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,782,530	762,505	1,020,030	80,035	34,890	45,145
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	170,925	75,935	94,995	12,010	5,030	6,980
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	2,307,320	1,044,420	1,262,895	124,485	55,480	69,010
Bachelor's degree	1,519,850	668,450	851,400	88,475	38,735	49,735
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	148,960	62,370	86,590	8,850	3,760	5,090
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	63,790	30,895	32,895	4,000	2,130	1,865
Master's degree	500,415	239,160	261,255	19,590	8,760	10,830
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	74,310	43,545	30,765	3,570	2,095	1,480
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	577,155	280,340	296,815
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,961,455	2,447,010	2,514,445	270,045	135,250	134,795
Education	349,745	79,245	270,505	25,715	6,980	18,735
13. Education	349,750	79,245	270,505	25,715	6,975	18,740
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	246,075	109,955	136,120	9,945	4,760	5,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	38,745	28,735	10,010	1,680	1,290	395
50. Visual and performing arts	207,325	81,220	126,110	8,260	3,475	4,790
Humanities	359,560	133,350	226,210	16,100	6,825	9,270
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	37,900	8,170	29,730	1,485	335	1,150
23. English language and literature/letters	98,440	28,290	70,145	3,195	900	2,295
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95,345	32,940	62,410	5,050	2,125	2,930
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	2,165	805	1,365	45	20	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	24,255	13,425	10,830	1,090	670	415
39. Theology and religious vocations	28,175	17,120	11,055	2,070	1,210	865
54. History	57,295	30,015	27,280	2,580	1,410	1,170
55. French language and literature/letters	15,990	2,590	13,400	570	155	425
Social and behavioural sciences and law	810,410	269,735	540,670	34,420	12,510	21,900
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10,765	2,210	8,560	605	150	455
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	81,500	31,825	49,675	2,510	980	1,530
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	141,750	11,775	129,975	6,645	565	6,080
22. Legal professions and studies	128,860	45,275	83,590	5,205	1,925	3,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	16,210	3,400	12,815	725	205	520
42. Psychology	122,545	29,640	92,905	6,300	1,875	4,425
45. Social sciences	308,775	145,620	163,155	12,430	6,815	5,615
Business, management and public administration	1,279,665	527,085	752,580	64,720	26,025	38,690
30.16 Accounting and computer science	2,725	895	1,830	225	70	150
44. Public administration and social service professions	108,935	21,405	87,530	4,655	1,250	3,400
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,168,005	504,780	663,225	59,845	24,705	35,135
Physical and life sciences and technologies	253,905	124,050	129,850	12,390	6,295	6,095
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110,950	45,120	65,835	5,255	2,355	2,900
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	54,745	24,800	29,945	3,305	1,770	1,535
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	3,830	1,190	2,640	370	65	305
40. Physical sciences	72,355	48,145	24,205	2,840	1,960	880
41. Science technologies/technicians	12,025	4,795	7,235	625	150	475
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	290,045	185,310	104,730	14,795	9,450	5,345
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	220,550	150,765	69,790	12,275	8,335	3,940
25. Library science	15,220	2,450	12,770	825	145	685
27. Mathematics and statistics	49,025	28,515	20,515	1,590	905	685
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	5,235	3,580	1,655	100	65	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,173,030	1,055,050	117,985	55,315	50,225	5,090
04. Architecture and related services	51,845	34,590	17,265	2,045	1,170	875
14. Engineering	334,085	271,010	63,070	13,190	10,980	2,210
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	237,775	214,500	23,275	11,075	10,005	1,070
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	160	30	125	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	198,790	194,555	4,235	10,330	10,155	175
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	225,860	220,545	5,315	12,830	12,375	460
48. Precision production	124,515	119,820	4,695	5,835	5,545	295
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	106,895	67,015	39,880	5,135	3,145	1,990
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	66,035	41,790	24,240	3,445	2,180	1,265
03. Natural resources and conservation	40,860	25,230	15,635	1,690	960	725
Health and related fields	865,970	173,780	692,185	53,255	11,695	41,560
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	75,715	37,005	38,705	2,675	1,275	1,395
51. Health professions and related programs	767,680	124,280	643,400	49,010	9,465	39,550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	22,575	12,490	10,075	1,570	950	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	340,285	170,915	169,375	15,300	7,170	8,135
12. Personal and culinary services	183,925	49,390	134,535	9,615	2,580	7,035
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,135	1,815	320	50	50	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	2,610	2,385	225	120	125	0
43. Security and protective services	98,325	68,625	29,695	2,400	1,570	830
49. Transportation and materials moving	53,290	48,695	4,595	3,115	2,850	265
Other	1,405	260	1,145	30	15	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,405	255	1,145	25	15	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	7,229,120	3,498,625	3,730,500	382,175	187,765	194,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,521,950	1,299,790	1,222,160	139,755	74,425	65,330
Education	243,635	52,670	190,965	18,480	4,745	13,740
13. Education	243,635	52,670	190,965	18,485	4,745	13,740
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	192,630	85,175	107,450	7,975	3,820	4,160
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	28,705	21,070	7,635	1,315	975	340
50. Visual and performing arts	163,925	64,105	99,815	6,665	2,840	3,825
Humanities	266,665	95,805	170,855	12,370	5,230	7,140
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	29,210	5,775	23,435	1,270	290	980
23. English language and literature/letters	73,110	20,225	52,885	2,455	690	1,765
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	72,145	24,330	47,815	3,970	1,725	2,245
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	1,665	615	1,045	50	20	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	17,755	9,925	7,830	865	515	350
39. Theology and religious vocations	19,390	11,790	7,605	1,530	885	645
54. History	42,315	21,735	20,585	1,810	990	820
55. French language and literature/letters	11,075	1,415	9,655	425	115	305
Social and behavioural sciences and law	648,285	207,200	441,085	28,045	9,815	18,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	8,630	1,785	6,845	505	130	375
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	67,115	26,015	41,105	2,095	800	1,295
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	111,550	8,405	103,145	5,340	405	4,930
22. Legal professions and studies	108,895	34,250	74,650	4,400	1,445	2,955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	12,875	2,705	10,170	635	185	450
42. Psychology	93,770	21,045	72,725	4,880	1,355	3,525
45. Social sciences	245,445	113,000	132,445	10,200	5,500	4,700
Business, management and public administration	1,026,975	414,425	612,550	52,215	20,885	31,330
30.16 Accounting and computer science	2,225	715	1,510	190	70	125
44. Public administration and social service professions	88,130	16,590	71,540	3,655	890	2,770
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	936,620	397,120	539,500	48,365	19,930	28,440
Physical and life sciences and technologies	190,235	88,535	101,700	9,460	4,635	4,825
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	84,580	33,150	51,425	4,190	1,800	2,390
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	41,255	18,020	23,240	2,340	1,270	1,070
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	3,135	975	2,165	340	55	280
40. Physical sciences	52,490	33,175	19,310	2,165	1,415	750
41. Science technologies/technicians	8,775	3,215	5,555	430	95	340
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	252,275	162,360	89,915	12,790	8,280	4,510
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	198,775	136,120	62,655	10,960	7,465	3,495
25. Library science	10,755	1,765	8,995	540	115	425
27. Mathematics and statistics	38,160	21,440	16,720	1,210	660	550
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	4,580	3,030	1,550	85	45	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	878,300	779,075	99,225	42,750	38,365	4,385
04. Architecture and related services	42,115	27,365	14,745	1,720	990	730
14. Engineering	266,040	211,240	54,800	11,295	9,290	2,005
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	178,830	160,160	18,675	8,750	7,815	930
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	140	25	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	141,515	138,160	3,360	7,335	7,190	145
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	162,855	158,770	4,080	9,480	9,150	325
48. Precision production	86,805	83,355	3,450	4,180	3,925	250
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	82,775	49,710	33,065	4,065	2,410	1,660
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	50,160	30,065	20,095	2,635	1,610	1,020
03. Natural resources and conservation	32,615	19,650	12,965	1,435	795	635
Health and related fields	664,880	133,665	531,220	42,865	9,660	33,205
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	58,160	27,950	30,205	2,170	1,065	1,110
51. Health professions and related programs	589,085	96,720	492,365	39,455	7,890	31,565
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	17,640	8,990	8,645	1,240	705	535
Personal, protective and transportation services	259,400	129,985	129,415	11,365	5,475	5,890
12. Personal and culinary services	137,250	36,225	101,030	6,895	1,865	5,035
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	1,685	1,405	280	50	45	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,415	1,270	145	55	55	0
43. Security and protective services	77,190	52,840	24,345	1,915	1,265	650
49. Transportation and materials moving	41,855	38,245	3,610	2,450	2,250	200
Other	1,125	220	900	20	10	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,125	225	900	20	10	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	577,155	280,340	296,810
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,961,460	2,447,010	2,514,445	270,045	135,250	134,790
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	6,076,985	2,895,745	3,181,240	307,115	145,090	162,020
Location of study inside Canada	4,786,950	2,261,260	2,525,690	242,340	113,565	128,770
Same as province or territory of residence	4,414,485	2,081,525	2,332,960	213,155	99,020	114,140
Different than province or territory of residence	372,470	179,735	192,730	29,180	14,550	14,630
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,290,035	634,485	655,545	64,775	31,525	33,245
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	167,260	89,350	77,910	6,065	3,235	2,835
Philippines	115,410	39,750	75,655	23,695	10,380	13,310
India	169,340	85,500	83,840	8,850	4,520	4,335
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	115,690	66,215	49,470	2,715	1,580	1,140
China^{Census data footnote 162}	98,415	46,230	52,185	2,505	1,150	1,360
France	10,775	5,800	4,975	325	190	135
Other	613,145	301,635	311,510	20,610	10,480	10,135
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	7,229,120	3,498,620	3,730,500	382,175	187,765	194,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,521,955	1,299,795	1,222,160	139,760	74,425	65,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	4,707,170	2,198,830	2,508,335	242,415	113,340	129,080
Location of study inside Canada	3,713,145	1,728,610	1,984,540	187,230	87,045	100,185
Same as province or territory of residence	3,432,015	1,593,170	1,838,850	164,830	75,995	88,830
Different than province or territory of residence	281,130	135,440	145,690	22,395	11,045	11,350
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	994,025	470,225	523,800	55,185	26,290	28,890
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	127,005	65,045	61,960	4,100	2,000	2,100
Philippines	97,230	32,925	64,300	21,910	9,630	12,280
India	143,205	70,040	73,175	8,030	4,055	3,975
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	62,325	34,315	28,010	1,530	895	640
China^{Census data footnote 162}	82,020	37,900	44,125	2,295	1,035	1,260
France	8,705	4,630	4,070	275	155	120
Other	473,530	225,365	248,160	17,040	8,520	8,520
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,680	577,155	280,340	296,815
In the labour force	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055	386,880	199,530	187,355
Employed	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,895	361,715	185,640	176,075
Unemployed	529,525	275,370	254,160	25,170	13,890	11,280
Not in the labour force	3,896,765	1,653,130	2,243,630	190,275	80,810	109,460
Participation rate	64.7	69.1	60.6	67.0	71.2	63.1
Employment rate	59.9	63.9	56.1	62.7	66.2	59.3
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.5	7.4	6.5	7.0	6.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	11,038,440	5,342,755	5,695,685	577,150	280,340	296,815
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	3,696,235	1,561,475	2,134,755	178,795	75,610	103,180
Worked	7,342,205	3,781,280	3,560,925	398,360	204,730	193,630
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	3,837,565	2,148,635	1,688,935	205,780	115,010	90,770
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	3,504,645	1,632,645	1,871,995	192,580	89,715	102,860
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.4	42.3	43.1	43.6	42.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,055	386,880	199,530	187,355
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,050	81,735	89,315	7,695	3,620	4,075
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	379,180	195,905	183,275
Employee	6,146,035	3,084,740	3,061,295	349,025	176,760	172,265
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	824,595	523,145	301,445	30,160	19,145	11,010
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050	386,880	199,525	187,355
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,045	81,735	89,315	7,700	3,625	4,075
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	379,180	195,905	183,280
0 Management occupations	790,880	483,240	307,635	35,660	21,555	14,105
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,124,770	357,215	767,555	61,985	19,715	42,270
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	516,110	399,195	116,915	24,590	19,485	5,100
3 Health occupations	447,045	90,495	356,550	32,540	7,815	24,725
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	831,340	265,075	566,265	51,180	17,210	33,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	225,720	104,445	121,275	10,625	4,775	5,845
6 Sales and service occupations	1,632,085	709,375	922,710	91,350	41,780	49,575
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	927,820	866,870	60,950	50,360	47,860	2,495
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	113,405	88,150	25,260	3,670	3,025	645
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	361,455	243,835	117,620	17,225	12,685	4,540
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	7,141,675	3,689,625	3,452,050	386,880	199,530	187,350
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	171,050	81,730	89,315	7,700	3,620	4,075
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	6,970,625	3,607,890	3,362,735	379,185	195,910	183,275
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	102,070	67,005	35,070	2,350	1,525	820
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,340	27,920	4,415	630	505	130
22 Utilities	50,820	38,195	12,630	3,695	2,660	1,040
23 Construction	476,835	419,600	57,230	23,830	21,220	2,610
31-33 Manufacturing	683,335	482,800	200,530	33,105	24,560	8,550
41 Wholesale trade	270,745	178,945	91,800	13,705	9,800	3,910
44-45 Retail trade	783,540	367,175	416,365	42,210	20,745	21,470
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	329,240	242,045	87,190	21,495	17,085	4,410
51 Information and cultural industries	176,715	101,045	75,670	8,025	4,650	3,375
52 Finance and insurance	380,765	169,590	211,180	18,340	7,395	10,945
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	144,275	77,385	66,890	5,740	3,270	2,470
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	567,825	316,685	251,140	20,775	11,305	9,470
55 Management of companies and enterprises	12,365	5,290	7,075	515	210	295
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	338,640	190,210	148,430	15,250	8,925	6,325
61 Educational services	528,470	163,680	364,795	32,110	10,975	21,130
62 Health care and social assistance	754,555	134,270	620,275	56,370	12,710	43,665
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	147,425	75,330	72,095	8,575	4,445	4,130
72 Accommodation and food services	478,070	201,260	276,805	28,740	12,410	16,330
81 Other services (except public administration)	296,960	133,220	163,745	16,475	7,480	8,995
91 Public administration	415,635	216,250	199,385	27,240	14,030	13,215
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	6,612,150	3,414,255	3,197,900	361,710	185,640	176,075
Worked at home	480,290	242,495	237,795	15,025	7,455	7,570
Worked outside Canada	39,145	25,995	13,150	1,295	850	440
No fixed workplace address	736,715	536,140	200,570	35,335	26,385	8,950
Worked at usual place	5,355,995	2,609,620	2,746,375	310,055	150,940	159,110
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	5,356,000	2,609,625	2,746,375	310,055	150,945	159,110
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,109,070	1,418,260	1,690,810	288,065	137,275	150,790
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	857,565	419,960	437,605	1,850	1,055	795
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,350,375	749,770	600,605	18,910	11,845	7,065
Commute to a different province or territory	38,990	21,630	17,355	1,225	765	465
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	6,092,710	3,145,765	2,946,945	345,390	177,330	168,060
Car, truck, van - as a driver	4,375,215	2,392,270	1,982,945	242,510	135,845	106,665
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	372,480	151,880	220,600	25,355	7,520	17,835
Public transit	888,920	376,690	512,235	51,045	20,525	30,520
Walked	320,015	143,885	176,130	16,715	7,275	9,440
Bicycle	75,460	50,200	25,260	6,200	4,270	1,930
Other method	60,620	30,835	29,785	3,570	1,895	1,675
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950	345,395	177,330	168,065
Less than 15 minutes	1,463,845	675,540	788,310	77,980	36,130	41,850
15 to 29 minutes	1,964,690	991,525	973,165	150,690	78,450	72,245
30 to 44 minutes	1,295,375	706,155	589,225	81,880	44,365	37,510
45 to 59 minutes	612,415	336,090	276,325	21,125	11,090	10,040
60 minutes and over	756,385	436,455	319,930	13,710	7,290	6,415
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	6,092,715	3,145,765	2,946,950	345,390	177,330	168,060
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	413,515	296,265	117,245	14,740	10,285	4,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,039,255	640,810	398,445	59,875	36,015	23,865
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,571,230	778,100	793,130	102,195	51,675	50,515
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,354,870	577,565	777,310	71,045	30,380	40,660
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	740,330	328,410	411,920	35,070	15,440	19,635
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	973,515	524,620	448,895	62,460	33,530	28,930
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	7,579,085	3,895,880	3,683,200	411,310	210,850	200,460
Single responses	7,434,675	3,828,665	3,606,015	405,715	208,010	197,710
Official languages	7,319,360	3,767,405	3,551,955	401,790	205,880	195,915
English	7,225,210	3,732,550	3,492,655	397,820	204,565	193,255
French	94,145	34,850	59,295	3,970	1,310	2,660
Non-official languages	115,320	61,255	54,060	3,925	2,130	1,800
Aboriginal languages	1,485	765	715	75	35	45
Algonquian languages	1,420	745	675	75	35	40
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	370	220	150	25	15	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	360	215	145	20	15	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,050	525	525	45	20	30
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	495	235	265	35	10	25
Oji-Cree	545	290	260	15	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	0	20	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	10	20	10	0	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	113,835	60,490	53,340	3,855	2,100	1,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,305	1,995	1,310	285	150	130
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	125	45	80	30	10	15
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	10	10	0	0	0
Somali	110	35	70	30	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	3,175	1,955	1,225	255	140	110
Amharic	75	30	45	20	0	15
Arabic	2,430	1,605	825	95	65	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	145	110	40	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	395	140	260	115	50	65
Maltese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	60	30	25	25	25	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,575	1,065	1,510	135	40	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	50	50	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,480	1,015	1,465	135	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,280	495	790	430	205	220
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	55	20	30	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,145	435	705	420	195	220
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	15	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,980	945	1,035	0	0	0
Kannada	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	75	45	30	0	0	10
Tamil	1,870	900	975	0	0	0
Telugu	35	10	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	38,960	21,375	17,580	1,475	885	590
Albanian	275	170	105	0	0	0
Armenian	145	75	75	10	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	6,655	3,165	3,495	325	155	170
Baltic languages	70	25	40	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	6,595	3,135	3,455	325	160	165
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	100	55	40	10	0	0
Bulgarian	120	85	40	0	0	0
Croatian	155	100	50	0	0	0
Czech	25	20	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	85	35	45	0	0	0
Polish	1,925	960	960	50	35	20
Russian	2,905	1,240	1,670	170	85	80
Serbian	390	240	145	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	55	40	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	780	320	460	90	25	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,905	3,655	3,250	50	35	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	30	15	20	0	0	0
Dutch	790	425	365	0	0	0
Frisian	25	20	10	0	0	0
German	5,690	3,005	2,690	50	35	15
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Swedish	55	15	35	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	20	0	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	240	155	80	0	0	0
Greek	405	240	165	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	11,880	6,560	5,315	705	465	245
Indo-Aryan languages	9,205	4,900	4,310	645	430	215
Bengali	335	160	170	15	10	15
Gujarati	730	255	475	0	0	10
Hindi	800	380	415	30	35	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	10	20	0	0	0
Nepali	80	30	50	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,025	3,480	2,550	585	390	195
Sindhi	20	10	15	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10	0	0	0
Urdu	1,150	555	600	10	0	10
Iranian languages	2,660	1,655	1,005	60	35	30
Kurdish	105	95	15	0	10	0
Pashto	20	10	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	2,530	1,555	975	55	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,680	7,505	5,170	380	220	155
Catalan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italian	945	505	445	10	0	0
Portuguese	5,815	3,865	1,950	305	195	110
Romanian	300	140	160	0	0	0
Spanish	5,590	2,985	2,605	65	20	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	1,010	360	655	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Korean	4,945	2,505	2,445	275	140	135
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65	15	10	0
Akan (Twi)	20	0	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ganda	25	15	15	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10	10	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	0	10	0	0
Wolof	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	10	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	810	295	515	180	70	115
American Sign Language	575	170	410	135	55	80
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	225	130	100	50	15	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	57,620	30,735	26,890	1,035	585	450
Chinese languages	57,535	30,690	26,840	1,030	580	445
Cantonese	26,955	14,190	12,770	635	350	285
Hakka	30	10	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	29,090	15,730	13,360	385	225	160
Min Dong	30	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	250	155	90	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,145	565	580	0	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	90	50	45	10	10	0
Burmese	10	10	10	0	10	0
Karenic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tibetan	45	30	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	235	95	145	15	0	10
Lao	80	40	35	10	0	0
Thai	160	55	105	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	465	315	150	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	15	0	0	0	0
Turkish	440	295	140	0	0	0
Uyghur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	420	205	220	0	0	0
Estonian	45	10	35	0	0	0
Finnish	75	25	50	0	0	0
Hungarian	295	165	130	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	144,405	67,215	77,185	5,590	2,845	2,750
English and French	63,665	26,760	36,900	1,665	730	935
English and non-official language	78,240	39,330	38,910	3,880	2,100	1,785
French and non-official language	175	75	100	10	10	10
English, French and non-official language	2,325	1,055	1,270	35	10	25
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	7,579,080	3,895,880	3,683,200	411,310	210,850	200,460
None	6,975,415	3,605,485	3,369,930	384,995	198,670	186,320
English	109,150	48,930	60,220	4,525	1,775	2,745
French	260,050	118,655	141,395	8,545	3,585	4,955
Non-official language	226,490	119,130	107,360	12,960	6,665	6,300
Aboriginal	5,970	2,480	3,490	375	140	235
Non-Aboriginal	220,520	116,650	103,870	12,590	6,525	6,060
English and French	245	100	150	10	0	10
English and non-official language	1,620	780	845	40	30	10
French and non-official language	6,080	2,780	3,300	240	115	125
English, French and non-official language	35	25	10	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	13,106,990	6,403,470	6,703,520	688,835	337,695	351,135
Non-movers	11,475,985	5,603,290	5,872,695	588,375	287,800	300,580
Movers	1,631,005	800,180	830,820	100,450	49,895	50,560
Non-migrants	941,380	460,170	481,210	75,275	37,285	37,995
Migrants	689,625	340,015	349,610	25,175	12,610	12,565
Internal migrants	535,180	263,055	272,120	13,135	6,660	6,470
Intraprovincial migrants	467,890	229,080	238,810	6,945	3,375	3,570
Interprovincial migrants	67,290	33,980	33,315	6,190	3,285	2,910
External migrants	154,445	76,955	77,490	12,040	5,945	6,095
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	12,546,040	6,116,715	6,429,325	657,275	321,250	336,025
Non-movers	7,887,825	3,845,945	4,041,880	385,425	187,550	197,875
Movers	4,658,215	2,270,770	2,387,445	271,845	133,695	138,150
Non-migrants	2,545,875	1,238,055	1,307,820	183,480	89,835	93,645
Migrants	2,112,340	1,032,710	1,079,630	88,365	43,865	44,500
Internal migrants	1,562,375	761,630	800,740	35,615	17,520	18,095
Intraprovincial migrants	1,380,900	672,540	708,360	19,125	9,240	9,885
Interprovincial migrants	181,480	89,090	92,390	16,490	8,280	8,215
External migrants	549,965	271,080	278,885	52,750	26,345	26,410

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Ontario [Province] and Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 21, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Ontario [Province] and Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Ontario [Province] and Winnipeg [Population centre], Manitoba