Census Profile, 2016 Census
Pearson, Local service board [Designated place], Ontario and Markham--Thornhill [Federal electoral district], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Pearson, LSB Ontario [Designated place]			Markham--Thornhill Ontario [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Pearson, Local service board [Designated place], Ontario Map : Pearson, Local service board [Designated place], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Markham--Thornhill [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	347	...	...	99,078	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	329	...	...	102,221	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.5	...	...	-3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	149	...	...	29,331	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	136	...	...	28,268	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.4	...	...	2,365.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	143.50	...	...	41.89	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	345	190	155	99,080	48,890	50,190
0 to 14 years	65	30	30	14,875	7,765	7,110
0 to 4 years	20	10	10	4,765	2,440	2,320
5 to 9 years	15	10	5	5,025	2,645	2,380
10 to 14 years	30	15	15	5,080	2,670	2,405
15 to 64 years	230	120	110	68,105	33,295	34,815
15 to 19 years	15	15	5	6,230	3,240	2,985
20 to 24 years	10	5	10	7,215	3,805	3,410
25 to 29 years	15	5	10	7,585	3,920	3,665
30 to 34 years	20	10	10	6,410	3,195	3,220
35 to 39 years	15	10	5	5,355	2,480	2,870
40 to 44 years	15	5	10	5,775	2,620	3,155
45 to 49 years	20	10	10	6,575	3,065	3,510
50 to 54 years	35	20	20	7,940	3,705	4,240
55 to 59 years	45	25	20	7,610	3,685	3,925
60 to 64 years	35	20	15	7,420	3,575	3,840
65 years and over	55	35	15	16,095	7,835	8,265
65 to 69 years	25	20	5	6,335	3,130	3,205
70 to 74 years	10	5	5	3,970	1,965	2,005
75 to 79 years	10	5	0	2,795	1,380	1,415
80 to 84 years	5	0	0	1,685	800	890
85 years and over	5	0	5	1,310	560	750
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	935	420	510
90 to 94 years	0	0	5	295	110	185
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	75	20	55
100 years and over	0	0	0	15	5	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	15.8	19.4	15.0	15.9	14.2
15 to 64 years	66.7	63.2	71.0	68.7	68.1	69.4
65 years and over	15.9	18.4	9.7	16.2	16.0	16.5
85 years and over	1.4	0.0	3.2	1.3	1.1	1.5
Average age of the population	42.9	43.7	41.9	41.0	40.3	41.8
Median age of the population	48.5	50.2	45.8	41.7	40.1	43.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	135	...	...	28,270	...	...
Single-detached house	130	...	...	18,235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	2,030	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	0	...	...	8,000	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	1,010	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	1,875	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	4,450	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	665	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	5	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	135	...	...	28,270	...	...
1 person	25	...	...	2,745	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	6,760	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	5,720	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	6,240	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	6,790	...	...
Number of persons in private households	350	...	...	99,055	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	3.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	280	155	130	84,205	41,125	43,080
Married or living common law	195	100	95	50,675	25,300	25,375
Married	150	75	75	48,645	24,285	24,365
Living common law	40	20	20	2,025	1,015	1,010
Not married and not living common law	90	60	30	33,530	15,820	17,705
Never married	50	35	20	24,490	13,155	11,335
Separated	0	0	0	1,425	550	875
Divorced	20	15	5	3,935	1,480	2,455
Widowed	10	5	10	3,680	640	3,035
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	110	...	...	28,580	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	10,725	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	7,470	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	7,500	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	2,880	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	105	...	...	28,580	...	...
Total couple families	100	...	...	24,325	...	...
Married couples	75	...	...	23,310	...	...
Common-law couples	20	...	...	1,015	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	10	...	...	4,250	...	...
Female parent	10	...	...	3,395	...	...
Male parent	0	...	...	855	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	95	...	...	24,325	...	...
Couples without children	55	...	...	8,270	...	...
Couples with children	40	...	...	16,060	...	...
1 child	20	...	...	6,095	...	...
2 children	15	...	...	7,165	...	...
3 or more children	15	...	...	2,805	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	4,250	...	...
1 child	10	...	...	2,465	...	...
2 children	0	...	...	1,380	...	...
3 or more children	0	...	...	410	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	50	40	10	10,045	4,350	5,695
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	135	...	...	28,270	...	...
One-census-family households	105	...	...	21,535	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	50	...	...	5,550	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	50	...	...	15,985	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	0	...	...	3,335	...	...
Non-census-family households	30	...	...	3,395	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	2,750	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	5	...	...	645	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	345	190	155	99,070	48,885	50,185
English only	335	185	150	80,565	40,750	39,820
French only	0	0	0	30	10	15
English and French	15	10	5	4,845	2,135	2,715
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	13,625	5,985	7,640
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	350	190	155	99,070	48,880	50,185
English	345	185	155	84,280	42,365	41,910
French	0	5	0	445	205	240
English and French	0	0	0	910	415	500
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	13,435	5,900	7,535
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	5	0	0	905	410	490
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	345	190	155	99,065	48,885	50,185
Single responses	340	185	155	94,685	46,735	47,950
Official languages	325	175	150	30,370	15,585	14,785
English	320	170	150	30,010	15,425	14,585
French	5	5	0	360	165	195
Non-official languages	20	15	10	64,315	31,150	33,165
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15	10	5	64,315	31,150	33,165
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	885	450	435
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	60	25	35
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Somali	0	0	0	55	25	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	830	425	405
Amharic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Arabic	0	0	0	645	325	315
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	145	75	70
Maltese	0	0	0	15	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	10	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	400	180	220
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	380	175	210
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,785	720	1,065
Bikol	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	55	15	35
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	20	5	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	75	30	40
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	75	40	40
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	5	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,530	615	915
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	5	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole languages	0	0	0	50	30	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	8,495	4,090	4,400
Kannada	0	0	0	35	20	20
Malayalam	0	0	0	235	115	120
Tamil	0	0	0	8,125	3,915	4,205
Telugu	0	0	0	90	40	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	10	5	16,865	8,295	8,575
Albanian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Armenian	0	0	0	440	210	230
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,075	505	575
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,060	500	565
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Croatian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	20	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	115	140
Polish	0	0	0	150	70	80
Russian	0	0	0	360	160	200
Serbian	0	0	0	100	55	50
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	25	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	20	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	315	155	165
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0	30	10	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	5	5	5	145	75	70
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Swedish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	110	50	60
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	630	310	325
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	12,400	6,120	6,285
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	9,830	4,860	4,970
Bengali	0	0	0	225	110	115
Gujarati	0	0	0	2,230	1,085	1,145
Hindi	0	0	0	1,010	485	520
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	50	20	30
Marathi	0	0	0	75	40	35
Nepali	0	0	0	15	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	2,450	1,225	1,225
Sindhi	0	0	0	260	130	130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	105	45	60
Urdu	0	0	0	3,410	1,705	1,700
Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,520	1,230	1,285
Kurdish	0	0	0	25	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	210	100	110
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	2,285	1,120	1,165
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	25
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	5	1,965	980	985
Catalan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italian	5	0	0	815	415	405
Portuguese	0	0	0	185	85	100
Romanian	0	0	0	425	220	210
Spanish	0	0	0	525	255	270
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Japanese	0	0	0	130	60	75
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Georgian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Korean	0	0	0	990	470	520
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	120	55	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	10	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	35	15	20
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	34,130	16,585	17,550
Chinese languages	0	0	0	34,110	16,570	17,535
Cantonese	0	0	0	19,365	9,300	10,065
Hakka	0	0	0	1,170	560	610
Mandarin	0	0	0	11,920	5,905	6,015
Min Dong	0	0	0	155	70	80
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	865	435	425
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	195	85	110
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	440	210	230
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	15	10	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	50	20	25
Lao	0	0	0	25	15	10
Thai	0	0	0	20	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	190	95	95
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	15	15	5
Turkish	0	0	0	165	80	85
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Uralic languages	5	5	0	170	75	90
Estonian	0	0	0	10	5	10
Finnish	10	5	0	15	5	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	145	65	75
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Multiple responses	5	5	0	4,385	2,150	2,235
English and French	5	5	5	140	65	80
English and non-official language	0	5	0	4,065	2,005	2,065
French and non-official language	0	0	0	70	35	35
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	105	50	55
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	345	190	155	99,070	48,880	50,185
Single responses	345	190	155	86,795	42,790	44,005
Official languages	340	185	155	41,530	20,945	20,585
English	340	185	155	41,375	20,875	20,500
French	0	0	0	155	70	85
Non-official languages	0	0	5	45,270	21,850	23,425
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	5	45,270	21,845	23,425
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	400	190	210
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	30	15	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	375	185	195
Amharic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Arabic	0	0	0	315	155	160
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	40	20	20
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	155	70	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	145	65	75
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	695	305	390
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	5	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ilocano	0	0	0	20	10	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	15	10	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	640	270	365
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5,905	2,820	3,085
Kannada	0	0	0	15	5	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	105	50	55
Tamil	0	0	0	5,740	2,740	3,000
Telugu	0	0	0	45	20	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5	0	0	9,465	4,565	4,900
Albanian	0	0	0	15	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0	280	140	135
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	510	250	265
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	505	245	260
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Czech	0	0	0	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	130	60	70
Polish	0	0	0	55	25	25
Russian	0	0	0	200	100	105
Serbian	0	0	0	60	35	30
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	20	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	5	0	25	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	5	0	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	5	0	15	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	280	140	145
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	7,515	3,635	3,880
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5,760	2,790	2,970
Bengali	0	0	0	135	65	70
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,320	630	685
Hindi	0	0	0	560	275	285
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	5
Marathi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	0	0	0	15	5	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,470	700	770
Sindhi	0	0	0	110	55	60
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	35	10	20
Urdu	0	0	0	2,085	1,025	1,060
Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,735	835	895
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	120	55	65
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	1,600	780	825
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	840	385	455
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	315	125	190
Portuguese	0	0	0	55	25	30
Romanian	0	0	0	215	110	105
Spanish	0	0	0	260	120	135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	70	35	35
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Georgian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Korean	0	0	0	720	335	385
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	40	15	25
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swahili	0	0	0	15	5	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	15	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	27,590	13,400	14,190
Chinese languages	0	0	0	27,575	13,395	14,180
Cantonese	0	0	0	15,655	7,475	8,175
Hakka	0	0	0	570	265	310
Mandarin	0	0	0	10,540	5,280	5,265
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	15	25
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	355	175	180
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	105	50	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	145	155
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	20	10	5
Burmese	0	0	0	10	10	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	20	10	5
Lao	0	0	0	15	10	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	100	45	60
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	90	35	50
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uralic languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	30	10	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	5	0	0	12,270	6,095	6,180
English and French	0	0	0	105	50	55
English and non-official language	0	0	0	11,935	5,930	6,005
French and non-official language	0	0	0	40	20	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	195	100	100
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	345	190	160	99,070	48,880	50,185
None	335	180	155	68,280	33,660	34,620
English	5	0	0	15,155	7,625	7,525
French	5	5	0	375	160	210
Non-official language	5	5	0	14,730	7,190	7,535
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	5	0	5	14,730	7,195	7,535
English and French	0	0	0	70	25	45
English and non-official language	0	0	0	365	175	190
French and non-official language	0	0	0	90	40	45
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	285	155	125	84,185	41,120	43,070
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	275	155	125	79,630	38,905	40,725
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,664	41,984	25,216	23,959	25,951	22,340
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	275	150	120	79,640	38,905	40,735
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,016	36,608	23,424	22,861	24,573	21,476
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	240	135	105	68,965	34,740	34,230
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,621	42,944	21,056	24,084	27,012	21,776
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	205	105	100	60,985	28,240	32,740
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,176	8,437	6,608	1,836	1,149	3,553
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	195	110	90	56,565	29,245	27,330
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,920	41,856	23,232	26,357	28,968	24,247
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	285	155	125	84,055	41,100	42,955
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	280	155	125	79,650	38,995	40,650
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,186	28,110	38,049	42,571	33,710
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	285	155	125	79,675	39,000	40,675
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,615	38,253	25,564	32,170	35,271	29,196
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	245	125	115	68,990	34,925	34,075
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,874	48,243	22,689	38,552	43,364	33,622
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	205	100	105	61,285	28,560	32,720
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,782	9,852	7,785	6,047	5,105	6,869
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	210	115	100	56,435	29,335	27,100
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,944	46,771	26,109	39,192	43,577	34,444
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	285	155	125	84,050	41,100	42,955
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	100	70	30	23,620	13,200	10,425
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,971	60,233	0	47,937	50,455	45,533
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,253	57,712	0	60,247	65,590	53,484
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.2	84.6	82.7	88.2	91.6	83.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.1	68.1	71.6	73.1	76.8	68.4
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.9	14.5	20.2	11.8	8.4	16.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	285	155	130	84,185	41,115	43,070
Without total income	5	5	5	4,550	2,210	2,340
With total income	280	155	125	79,630	38,905	40,725
Percentage with total income	98.2	100.0	96.2	94.6	94.6	94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	25	20	17,030	7,935	9,095
$10,000 to $19,999	55	20	30	18,130	8,335	9,795
$20,000 to $29,999	35	20	20	10,740	4,870	5,865
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	7,860	3,670	4,190
$40,000 to $49,999	25	15	15	6,315	3,050	3,270
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	10	4,580	2,355	2,225
$60,000 to $69,999	20	20	5	3,445	1,830	1,620
$70,000 to $79,999	15	15	0	2,620	1,390	1,230
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	2,010	1,130	880
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	1,730	950	780
$100,000 and over	10	5	5	5,165	3,400	1,770
$100,000 to $149,999	10	10	5	3,425	2,170	1,250
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	1,745	1,230	515
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	285	155	125	84,185	41,115	43,065
Without after-tax income	5	0	5	4,545	2,210	2,335
With after-tax income	280	155	125	79,640	38,910	40,730
Percentage with after-tax income	98.2	100.0	100.0	94.6	94.6	94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	25	20	17,220	8,010	9,215
$10,000 to $19,999	55	20	35	18,710	8,620	10,090
$20,000 to $29,999	40	15	25	12,090	5,520	6,570
$30,000 to $39,999	35	20	15	9,070	4,315	4,755
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	20	6,680	3,315	3,370
$50,000 to $59,999	15	15	5	4,750	2,500	2,255
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	0	3,310	1,780	1,530
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	5	2,520	1,410	1,105
$80,000 and over	10	10	5	5,285	3,440	1,845
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	1,695	1,005	685
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	1,045	665	380
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	2,555	1,770	780
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	280	160	125	84,185	41,115	43,065
Without employment income	85	45	40	27,615	11,875	15,740
With employment income	195	110	90	56,570	29,240	27,325
Percentage with employment income	69.6	68.8	72.0	67.2	71.1	63.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	25	20	10	7,630	3,635	3,995
$5,000 to $9,999	20	10	10	5,830	2,790	3,040
$10,000 to $19,999	30	10	15	9,975	5,130	4,845
$20,000 to $29,999	20	5	10	7,175	3,375	3,800
$30,000 to $39,999	15	10	5	5,820	2,890	2,930
$40,000 to $49,999	25	15	10	4,690	2,385	2,305
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	10	3,640	1,910	1,725
$60,000 to $69,999	10	10	5	2,710	1,460	1,245
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	2,100	1,200	900
$80,000 and over	20	10	10	7,005	4,470	2,540
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	1,625	935	685
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	5	1,485	815	665
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	3,890	2,715	1,180
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	135	...	...	28,265	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,328	...	...	85,498	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,440	...	...	77,104	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	30	...	...	2,750	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	22,784	...	...	34,144	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	22,080	...	...	31,241	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	110	...	...	25,515	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,528	...	...	91,945	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,752	...	...	82,732	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	145	...	...	28,215	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	73,913	...	...	107,402	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	64,115	...	...	90,833	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	2,710	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,571	...	...	53,616	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,280	...	...	43,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	100	...	...	25,505	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,829	...	...	113,121	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,040	...	...	95,885	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	135	...	...	28,265	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	375	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	295	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	420	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	690	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	685	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	935	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	1,005	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	1,035	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	1,010	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	1,040	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	1,935	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	1,915	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	1,865	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	1,675	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	1,560	...	...
$100,000 and over	45	...	...	11,835	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	3,380	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	2,465	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	3,025	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	2,970	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	135	...	...	28,265	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	405	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	300	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	420	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	720	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	725	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	1,000	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	1,085	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	1,160	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	1,155	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	1,145	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	2,315	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5	...	...	2,205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	2,090	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	1,955	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	1,810	...	...
$100,000 and over	35	...	...	9,770	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	3,460	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	2,330	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	3,980	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	105	...	...	25,660	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,656	...	...	87,625	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,984	...	...	79,151	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	5,590	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,704	...	...	72,206	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,896	...	...	64,528	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.1	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	15,860	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	120,064	...	...	101,169	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,632	...	...	90,754	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	3,230	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	0	...	...	56,864	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	0	...	...	52,864	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	95	...	...	25,610	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,829	...	...	110,105	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,040	...	...	93,153	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	5,480	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	84,939	...	...	102,472	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,582	...	...	82,045	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	15,850	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	107,294	...	...	121,241	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,060	...	...	103,494	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	3,215	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	0	...	...	71,955	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	0	...	...	63,097	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	35	30	5	6,075	3,045	3,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	21,824	22,784	0	21,358	19,712	22,768
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	21,184	21,824	0	20,653	19,239	21,952
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	45	35	0	6,000	2,945	3,050
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,571	33,478	0	35,183	31,022	39,197
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	27,280	29,238	0	29,614	26,178	32,929
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	345	190	155	99,055	48,875	50,180
In the bottom half of the distribution	180	100	75	53,010	26,100	26,905
In the bottom decile	25	20	10	11,235	5,620	5,615
In the second decile	40	25	10	12,355	6,010	6,345
In the third decile	40	20	15	10,890	5,400	5,490
In the fourth decile	35	20	15	9,585	4,725	4,865
In the fifth decile	40	20	25	8,940	4,350	4,590
In the top half of the distribution	165	85	80	46,050	22,775	23,270
In the sixth decile	20	10	15	8,540	4,165	4,375
In the seventh decile	35	20	15	8,780	4,330	4,445
In the eighth decile	45	25	25	8,870	4,335	4,535
In the ninth decile	45	25	20	9,615	4,780	4,830
In the top decile	15	10	10	10,245	5,160	5,080
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	345	190	155	99,055	48,880	50,175
0 to 17 years	75	45	30	18,420	9,615	8,805
0 to 5 years	20	10	10	5,690	2,940	2,750
18 to 64 years	220	110	105	64,545	31,435	33,110
65 years and over	55	35	20	16,095	7,835	8,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	45	35	15	15,560	7,655	7,905
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	4,030	2,105	1,920
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	1,355	705	655
18 to 64 years	30	20	10	9,540	4,620	4,920
65 years and over	5	5	5	1,990	925	1,060
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.0	18.4	9.7	15.7	15.7	15.8
0 to 17 years (%)	13.3	11.1	16.7	21.9	21.9	21.8
0 to 5 years (%)	25.0	50.0	50.0	23.8	24.0	23.8
18 to 64 years (%)	13.6	18.2	9.5	14.8	14.7	14.9
65 years and over (%)	9.1	14.3	25.0	12.4	11.8	12.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	20	15	10	13,490	6,730	6,755
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	3,335	1,760	1,575
0 to 5 years	0	5	0	1,170	615	555
18 to 64 years	10	10	5	8,920	4,420	4,500
65 years and over	0	0	0	1,230	555	675
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	7.9	6.5	13.6	13.8	13.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	11.1	0.0	18.1	18.3	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	0.0	50.0	0.0	20.6	20.9	20.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	9.1	4.8	13.8	14.1	13.6
65 years and over (%)	0.0	0.0	0.0	7.6	7.1	8.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	345	185	160	98,940	48,855	50,085
Official languages	345	185	165	85,345	42,985	42,355
English	345	185	160	85,320	42,980	42,340
French	10	0	0	4,755	2,080	2,675
Non-official languages	20	15	0	76,150	37,225	38,920
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20	15	10	76,140	37,225	38,920
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,605	855	755
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	75	45	30
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somali	0	0	0	60	40	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,535	810	720
Amharic	0	0	0	15	10	10
Arabic	0	0	0	960	510	455
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hebrew	0	0	0	530	285	245
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	620	230	385
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	615	230	380
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	2,345	935	1,400
Bikol	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	100	40	55
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	135	65	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	2,200	865	1,325
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15
Creole languages	0	0	0	170	90	85
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	55	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	35	25
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,930	5,380	5,545
Kannada	0	0	0	55	30	25
Malayalam	0	0	0	300	135	165
Tamil	0	0	0	10,515	5,200	5,315
Telugu	0	0	0	130	55	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	22,200	10,980	11,220
Albanian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Armenian	0	0	0	585	275	305
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,270	590	680
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,260	590	675
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	25	10	20
Croatian	0	0	0	90	45	50
Czech	0	0	0	20	10	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	340	150	190
Polish	0	0	0	195	75	115
Russian	0	0	0	475	225	250
Serbian	0	0	0	75	40	35
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	55	35	20
Slovak	0	0	0	25	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	75	25	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	10	0	810	415	395
Afrikaans	0	0	0	200	100	95
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	70	40	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	360	180	180
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	165	85	80
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	925	475	455
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	16,210	8,020	8,195
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	13,375	6,685	6,690
Bengali	0	0	0	360	165	185
Gujarati	0	0	0	2,555	1,220	1,335
Hindi	0	0	0	4,290	2,090	2,205
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	105	45	60
Marathi	0	0	0	150	85	65
Nepali	0	0	0	30	15	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	3,895	2,030	1,865
Sindhi	0	0	0	355	175	175
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	390	205	185
Urdu	0	0	0	5,230	2,650	2,580
Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,955	1,370	1,585
Kurdish	0	0	0	55	15	45
Pashto	0	0	0	200	110	90
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	2,715	1,265	1,455
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	45
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	10	2,765	1,360	1,400
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,155	550	605
Portuguese	0	0	0	220	105	120
Romanian	0	0	0	545	285	255
Spanish	10	10	10	970	465	500
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Japanese	0	0	0	190	95	100
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Korean	0	0	0	1,195	585	610
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	325	145	175
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	55	30	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	15	0	15
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swahili	0	0	0	165	65	95
Wolof	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	40	20	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	38,060	18,630	19,435
Chinese languages	0	0	0	38,035	18,610	19,420
Cantonese	0	0	0	23,290	11,250	12,045
Hakka	0	0	0	1,435	660	780
Mandarin	0	0	0	17,540	8,580	8,965
Min Dong	0	0	0	75	15	60
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	855	385	470
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	140	70	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	470	245	230
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	55	30	30
Burmese	0	0	0	55	30	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
Lao	0	0	0	35	15	20
Thai	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	380	195	185
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	35	20	15
Turkish	0	0	0	350	180	170
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	215	80	135
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	190	70	120
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	345	185	165	98,945	48,855	50,085
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	340	185	155	84,885	42,155	42,730
Canadian citizens aged under 18	80	40	35	17,105	8,925	8,175
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	260	145	120	67,785	33,225	34,555
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	0	0	10	14,055	6,700	7,355
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	345	185	160	98,945	48,855	50,085
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	330	180	150	33,355	17,410	15,940
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	15	0	0	63,625	30,380	33,245
Before 1981	10	0	0	11,710	5,705	6,005
1981 to 1990	0	0	0	10,645	5,215	5,430
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	18,790	9,020	9,775
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	16,290	7,655	8,635
2001 to 2005	0	0	0	9,000	4,120	4,880
2006 to 2010	0	0	0	7,295	3,540	3,755
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	0	0	0	6,190	2,785	3,405
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	0	0	0	1,965	1,065	895
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	10	0	0	63,625	30,380	33,245
Under 5 years	0	0	0	3,955	2,005	1,955
5 to 14 years	0	10	0	7,940	4,155	3,785
15 to 24 years	0	0	0	14,595	6,555	8,040
25 to 44 years	10	0	0	28,440	13,805	14,635
45 years and over	0	0	0	8,695	3,860	4,830
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	10	10	10	63,630	30,380	33,245
Americas	10	0	0	5,535	2,585	2,950
Brazil	0	0	0	65	35	30
Colombia	0	0	0	80	45	35
El Salvador	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,600	725	875
Haiti	0	0	0	15	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	1,520	660	860
Mexico	10	0	10	80	35	50
Peru	0	0	0	60	40	20
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	670	330	340
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	615	300	315
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	820	420	405
Europe	0	10	0	3,825	1,840	1,985
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	40	30	10
Croatia	0	0	0	55	20	30
France	0	0	0	30	15	15
Germany	0	0	0	175	80	95
Greece	0	0	0	545	285	260
Hungary	0	0	0	135	50	85
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	35	15	20
Italy	0	0	0	670	325	345
Netherlands	0	0	0	40	30	15
Poland	0	0	0	145	45	95
Portugal	0	0	0	80	45	40
Romania	0	0	0	460	245	210
Russian Federation	0	0	0	215	110	110
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ukraine	0	0	0	90	30	55
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	635	275	360
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	445	225	215
Africa	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	205	120	80
Ethiopia	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kenya	0	0	0	365	155	210
Morocco	0	0	0	40	20	20
Nigeria	0	0	0	85	45	40
Somalia	0	0	0	45	20	25
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	605	260	340
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	905	470	435
Asia	0	0	0	51,925	24,820	27,105
Afghanistan	0	0	0	240	110	120
Bangladesh	0	0	0	235	115	125
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	19,245	9,105	10,145
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	6,135	3,005	3,125
India	0	0	0	6,970	3,405	3,565
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	2,005	915	1,090
Iraq	0	0	0	165	90	75
Japan	0	0	0	60	30	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	925	465	460
Lebanon	0	0	0	190	85	100
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,865	1,440	1,420
Philippines	0	0	0	2,145	860	1,285
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	6,995	3,375	3,625
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	95	60	35
Taiwan	0	0	0	445	215	230
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,115	490	625
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	2,095	1,055	1,045
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	70	25	40
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	0	0	0	6,190	2,780	3,400
Americas	10	0	10	370	185	185
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	15	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	65	30	35
Mexico	10	0	10	15	15	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	135	70	65
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	105	50	60
Europe	0	0	0	60	20	40
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	65	45	25
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	10	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	10	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	10	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	15	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	30	15	10
Asia	0	0	0	5,685	2,540	3,145
Afghanistan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	20	0	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	3,745	1,680	2,065
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	105	45	60
India	0	0	0	540	260	275
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	265	100	160
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	70	45	25
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	10	0
Nepal	0	0	0	10	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	275	120	160
Philippines	0	0	0	155	40	115
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	340	160	175
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkey	0	0	0	20	10	20
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	35	10	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0	25	10	20
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25	15	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Australia	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	345	185	160	98,940	48,855	50,085
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	20	0	10	65,920	31,605	34,315
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	30	25	10	27,970	14,700	13,270
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	295	150	145	5,055	2,555	2,505
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	10	0	0	52,965	25,120	27,850
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	0	0	0	22,360	11,380	10,975
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	0	0	0	9,135	6,335	2,800
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	0	0	0	13,225	5,050	8,175
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	10	0	10	21,195	8,640	12,550
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	0	0	8,165	4,485	3,675
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	0	0	1,250	610	640
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	345	185	160	98,945	48,855	50,090
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	20	15	10	200	85	115
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	20	10	10	175	75	105
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	10	10	0	125	70	60
Métis	10	0	10	50	0	50
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	325	170	155	98,740	48,770	49,970
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	345	185	160	98,945	48,855	50,085
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	20	10	0	70	30	35
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	325	170	155	98,875	48,820	50,050
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	340	185	160	98,940	48,855	50,085
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	0	0	0	50	15	35
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	0	0	0	50	15	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	0	0	0	35	10	15
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	20	0	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	35	20	10	170	80	90
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	35	25	10	165	80	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	140	70	70
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	10	30	10	20
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	310	160	150	98,720	48,760	49,960
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	345	180	160	98,940	48,860	50,085
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	10	0	10	83,930	41,475	42,460
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	0	0	0	28,305	14,220	14,085
Chinese	0	0	0	40,305	19,925	20,385
Black	0	0	0	3,930	1,890	2,040
Filipino	0	0	0	2,835	1,230	1,605
Latin American	10	0	10	500	235	265
Arab	0	0	0	685	365	320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	0	0	0	705	320	380
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	2,490	1,210	1,275
Korean	0	0	0	1,295	655	640
Japanese	0	0	0	135	70	65
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	1,215	575	640
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	1,535	775	765
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	335	185	155	15,010	7,385	7,625
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	345	185	160	98,940	48,860	50,090
North American Aboriginal origins	35	20	10	220	95	125
First Nations (North American Indian)	10	0	0	170	80	90
Inuit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	25	15	10	50	10	35
Other North American origins	130	80	45	5,085	2,625	2,460
Acadian	0	0	0	10	10	0
American	0	0	0	310	150	160
Canadian	130	75	50	4,905	2,545	2,360
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	295	155	140	15,425	7,585	7,845
British Isles origins	210	105	100	5,290	2,555	2,730
Channel Islander	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	140	70	70	2,970	1,410	1,560
Irish	55	25	30	1,885	925	960
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	135	80	55	2,055	990	1,070
Welsh	0	0	10	150	85	65
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	0	0	0	510	245	270
French origins	50	30	25	765	355	410
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	55	30	25	765	350	410
Western European origins (except French origins)	55	30	25	1,690	875	820
Austrian	0	0	0	310	165	145
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	40	15	30
Dutch	35	15	15	320	145	175
Flemish	0	0	0	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	10	10	0
German	20	10	10	1,080	570	515
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	80	65	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	30	0	20	155	70	80
Danish	0	0	0	40	30	10
Finnish	20	10	15	40	10	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Swedish	10	0	10	25	0	20
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	60	35	25	4,765	2,365	2,400
Bulgarian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Byelorussian	0	0	0	30	20	15
Czech	0	0	0	125	65	60
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	35	15	20
Estonian	0	0	0	35	10	30
Hungarian	15	0	10	410	200	210
Latvian	20	10	10	105	55	40
Lithuanian	0	0	0	420	230	190
Moldovan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Polish	10	10	0	2,085	1,040	1,045
Romanian	0	0	0	835	435	405
Russian	0	0	10	1,515	790	725
Slovak	0	0	0	45	15	25
Ukrainian	25	20	10	465	235	230
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	130	80	50
Southern European origins	20	10	20	5,635	2,775	2,855
Albanian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Bosnian	0	0	0	30	20	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	155	90	65
Cypriot	0	0	0	30	20	15
Greek	0	0	0	1,305	670	635
Italian	15	10	15	2,195	1,090	1,105
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	340	135	205
Maltese	0	0	0	70	30	40
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	755	355	395
Serbian	0	0	0	155	85	70
Sicilian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Slovenian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Spanish	10	0	0	955	480	475
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	40	25	20
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	0	0	0	770	395	375
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	630	315	315
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	30	20	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	0	0	0	115	60	55
Caribbean origins	0	0	0	3,930	1,920	2,010
Antiguan	0	0	0	20	0	25
Bahamian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	280	135	140
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	20	15	10
Cuban	0	0	0	25	10	20
Dominican	0	0	0	15	15	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	115	65	55
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Jamaican	0	0	0	2,275	1,070	1,210
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	535	295	240
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	80	35	40
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	750	350	400
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	110	50	65
Latin, Central and South American origins	15	0	15	1,815	885	925
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	45	20	25
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	110	70	45
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	60	20	40
Chilean	0	0	0	25	15	15
Colombian	0	0	0	90	50	45
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	30	15	10
Guatemalan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,100	530	575
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mexican	15	0	15	125	50	75
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Panamanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	60	20	35
Salvadorean	0	0	0	35	15	25
Uruguayan	0	0	0	20	10	15
Venezuelan	0	0	0	65	40	25
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	55	35	25
African origins	0	0	0	2,100	1,080	1,025
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	290	150	135
Akan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Angolan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	15	0	10
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	30	15	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	65	35	35
Guinean	0	0	0	30	20	10
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	25	10	15
Nigerian	0	0	0	90	40	50
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	20	15	0
North African origins	0	0	0	405	215	195
Algerian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	330	185	145
Libyan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	45	15	30
Sudanese	0	0	0	20	10	20
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins	0	0	0	740	370	370
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	45	25	20
Ethiopian	0	0	0	45	10	30
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Oromo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	95	55	40
South African	0	0	0	325	150	180
Tanzanian	0	0	0	85	55	35
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	45	25	15
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	75	35	40
Other African origins	0	0	0	685	360	330
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	85	35	50
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	0	0	0	615	330	290
Asian origins	0	0	0	78,845	38,975	39,870
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	0	0	0	5,010	2,500	2,515
Afghan	0	0	0	505	250	250
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	205	110	95
Armenian	0	0	0	655	330	325
Assyrian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	45	15	25
Georgian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	2,485	1,205	1,275
Iraqi	0	0	0	250	135	110
Israeli	0	0	0	130	60	75
Jordanian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	25	10	10
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	305	170	135
Palestinian	0	0	0	80	40	40
Pashtun	0	0	0	35	15	15
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Syrian	0	0	0	65	35	35
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	10
Turk	0	0	0	320	170	150
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	25	20	10
Yemeni	0	0	0	95	45	40
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	55	25	35
South Asian origins	0	0	0	28,105	14,055	14,055
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	150	90	65
Bengali	0	0	0	125	55	70
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	0	0	0	14,315	7,175	7,140
Goan	0	0	0	150	65	80
Gujarati	0	0	0	165	70	95
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	2,925	1,510	1,410
Punjabi	0	0	0	625	315	305
Sinhalese	0	0	0	80	40	40
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	7,785	3,770	4,015
Tamil	0	0	0	3,380	1,805	1,575
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	1,265	635	625
East and Southeast Asian origins	0	0	0	46,145	22,635	23,505
Burmese	0	0	0	30	20	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Chinese	0	0	0	41,170	20,340	20,825
Filipino	0	0	0	3,055	1,360	1,700
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	100	50	50
Japanese	0	0	0	270	140	125
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	1,370	690	680
Laotian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malaysian	0	0	0	140	90	45
Mongolian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	205	100	100
Thai	0	0	0	50	20	30
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	875	375	500
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	110	55	55
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	190	100	90
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	190	100	90
Oceania origins	0	0	0	55	25	25
Australian	0	0	0	20	10	15
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	30	15	15
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	145	...	...	28,215	...	...
Owner	135	...	...	24,730	...	...
Renter	10	...	...	3,485	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	145	...	...	28,215	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	3,755	...	...
Not condominium	145	...	...	24,460	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	140	...	...	28,215	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	40	...	...
1 bedroom	20	...	...	1,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	20	...	...	2,975	...	...
3 bedrooms	70	...	...	7,680	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...	16,495	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	140	...	...	28,220	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	25	...	...	4,950	...	...
5 rooms	30	...	...	3,955	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	4,670	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	4,250	...	...
8 or more rooms	30	...	...	10,390	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	145	...	...	28,215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	145	...	...	26,315	...	...
More than 1 person per room	0	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	145	...	...	28,220	...	...
Suitable	140	...	...	25,515	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	2,700	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	145	...	...	28,220	...	...
1960 or before	15	...	...	275	...	...
1961 to 1980	65	...	...	6,375	...	...
1981 to 1990	25	...	...	9,635	...	...
1991 to 2000	20	...	...	6,885	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	2,700	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	1,540	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	10	...	...	800	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	145	...	...	28,215	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	105	...	...	27,290	...	...
Major repairs needed	40	...	...	925	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	145	...	...	28,215	...	...
1 household maintainer	85	...	...	14,075	...	...
2 household maintainers	60	...	...	11,910	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	0	...	...	2,230	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	145	...	...	28,220	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	250	...	...
25 to 34 years	15	...	...	2,240	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	4,050	...	...
45 to 54 years	20	...	...	6,930	...	...
55 to 64 years	45	...	...	7,330	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	4,955	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	1,995	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	470	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	130	...	...	28,155	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	110	...	...	18,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	25	...	...	9,290	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25	...	...	7,840	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	24,730	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.0	...	...	58.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.4	...	...	31.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	753	...	...	1,556	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	786	...	...	1,688	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	174,284	...	...	800,500	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	202,773	...	...	856,315	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	3,485	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	0.0	...	...	9.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	0.0	...	...	45.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	0	...	...	1,003	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	0	...	...	1,218	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	280	160	125	84,050	41,100	42,955
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	40	20	17,770	8,115	9,655
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	90	45	40	24,465	12,230	12,240
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	140	75	65	41,815	20,760	21,060
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	25	0	2,295	1,415	880
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	10	10	0	1,365	745	620
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	20	20	0	930	670	265
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	55	30	25	11,980	5,520	6,455
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	0	2,580	1,305	1,275
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	40	10	35	24,960	12,520	12,440
Bachelor's degree	40	10	35	17,370	8,325	9,045
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	1,425	780	650
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	845	415	430
Master's degree	0	0	0	4,740	2,650	2,090
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	580	350	230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	210	115	95	54,520	25,985	28,540
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	30	15	9,340	4,380	4,955
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	55	30	25	14,165	6,840	7,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	110	55	55	31,015	14,765	16,250
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	15	0	1,425	835	595
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	0	0	0	860	445	420
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	20	20	0	565	390	175
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	50	30	20	8,880	3,970	4,905
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	1,885	905	980
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	35	10	35	18,825	9,055	9,770
Bachelor's degree	40	0	35	12,970	6,035	6,940
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	995	510	490
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	610	265	350
Master's degree	0	0	0	3,830	2,035	1,795
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	0	0	0	410	215	200
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	285	155	130	84,050	41,100	42,955
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	145	85	65	42,235	20,340	21,895
Education	10	0	10	1,980	365	1,610
13. Education	10	0	10	1,975	365	1,610
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	1,310	590	715
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	165	120	40
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	1,145	475	670
Humanities	0	0	0	2,435	705	1,730
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	325	75	255
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	520	140	380
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	1,020	265	760
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	85	30	55
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	145	85	60
54. History	0	0	0	255	100	150
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	75	10	70
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	10	15	4,900	1,815	3,080
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	35	10	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	340	105	235
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	10	730	95	640
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	750	335	420
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	65	15	55
42. Psychology	10	10	10	710	195	520
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	2,260	1,065	1,195
Business, management and public administration	0	0	0	11,615	5,375	6,235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	35	25	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	450	110	340
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	0	0	0	11,125	5,250	5,885
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	2,790	1,305	1,480
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	1,135	445	695
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	785	380	400
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	55	15	35
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	705	430	270
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	110	35	75
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	3,060	1,960	1,100
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	2,385	1,595	795
25. Library science	0	0	0	35	10	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	585	335	250
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	60	25	30
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	55	50	10	7,545	6,635	915
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	360	255	105
14. Engineering	10	0	0	4,110	3,450	655
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	20	20	0	1,380	1,260	120
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	0	0	430	425	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	930	915	10
48. Precision production	10	10	0	350	335	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	25	10	10	370	210	165
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	0	0	10	260	155	100
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	10	10	110	50	60
Health and related fields	25	10	20	4,580	1,195	3,385
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	295	165	125
51. Health professions and related programs	25	0	20	4,055	910	3,145
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	225	120	105
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	1,220	600	625
12. Personal and culinary services	10	10	10	845	275	565
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	240	190	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	130	120	10
Other	0	0	0	15	0	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	15	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	210	115	95	54,520	25,985	28,540
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	100	60	40	23,505	11,220	12,285
Education	10	0	0	1,225	235	990
13. Education	0	0	0	1,225	235	990
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	1,000	460	535
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	135	105	30
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	865	360	505
Humanities	0	0	0	1,715	480	1,240
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	0	0	0	260	55	205
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	355	100	255
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	745	190	555
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	60	25	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	90	60	35
54. History	0	0	0	160	45	115
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	35	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	15	3,600	1,220	2,385
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	25	10	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	255	85	175
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	10	500	55	450
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	530	205	325
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	45	10	40
42. Psychology	10	0	10	505	115	395
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	1,740	745	995
Business, management and public administration	0	0	0	8,920	3,810	5,110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	40	20	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	0	310	75	240
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	0	0	0	8,570	3,710	4,860
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	1,990	865	1,125
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	815	285	530
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	575	270	300
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	25	10	15
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	495	285	210
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	80	15	65
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	2,655	1,685	970
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	2,120	1,405	710
25. Library science	0	0	0	25	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	465	255	205
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	50	20	30
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	50	40	10	5,485	4,735	755
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	260	170	85
14. Engineering	0	0	0	3,115	2,580	545
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	15	20	0	940	845	95
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	10	0	275	270	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	15	0	645	630	10
48. Precision production	0	0	0	250	235	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	20	10	15	275	130	145
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10	0	10	185	95	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	90	30	60
Health and related fields	20	10	15	3,300	785	2,515
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	0	0	0	210	120	90
51. Health professions and related programs	20	10	15	2,955	600	2,350
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	0	0	0	140	60	75
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	840	370	470
12. Personal and culinary services	0	0	0	605	175	430
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	135	105	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	95	85	15
Other	0	0	0	10	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	285	160	125	84,055	41,100	42,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	145	85	60	42,235	20,340	21,895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	135	75	60	41,815	20,755	21,055
Location of study inside Canada	130	70	55	25,515	12,515	13,000
Same as province or territory of residence	115	70	55	24,060	11,765	12,295
Different than province or territory of residence	15	10	0	1,450	755	700
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	10	0	10	16,300	8,240	8,060
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	1,210	735	470
Philippines	0	0	0	1,225	405	820
India	0	0	0	2,835	1,440	1,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	895	535	365
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	2,665	1,300	1,365
France	0	0	0	40	30	10
Other	10	0	10	7,435	3,795	3,635
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	210	115	95	54,520	25,985	28,540
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	100	55	45	23,510	11,220	12,290
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	110	60	55	31,015	14,765	16,250
Location of study inside Canada	105	60	45	19,185	9,150	10,035
Same as province or territory of residence	105	55	45	18,100	8,625	9,475
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	1,085	525	555
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	10	0	10	11,835	5,620	6,215
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	0	0	0	900	520	375
Philippines	0	0	0	805	245	560
India	0	0	0	2,115	990	1,120
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	0	0	0	535	315	220
China^{Census data footnote 162}	0	0	0	2,215	1,060	1,150
France	0	0	0	25	20	10
Other	10	0	0	5,245	2,460	2,785
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	280	155	125	84,050	41,100	42,950
In the labour force	190	105	80	51,555	27,485	24,070
Employed	145	75	65	46,995	25,175	21,825
Unemployed	40	25	15	4,565	2,315	2,250
Not in the labour force	90	55	45	32,495	13,615	18,880
Participation rate	67.9	67.7	64.0	61.3	66.9	56.0
Employment rate	51.8	48.4	52.0	55.9	61.3	50.8
Unemployment rate	21.1	23.8	18.8	8.9	8.4	9.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	280	155	125	84,050	41,100	42,955
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	80	40	40	31,360	13,175	18,185
Worked	210	115	90	52,690	27,920	24,770
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	100	70	30	24,425	13,720	10,705
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	105	45	60	28,265	14,200	14,065
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	42.2	37.0	41.5	42.1	40.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	190	105	80	51,560	27,485	24,070
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	0	0	0	1,800	850	950
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	185	105	85	49,760	26,640	23,125
Employee	165	95	70	42,830	21,845	20,990
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	20	10	15	6,930	4,795	2,135
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	185	105	85	51,560	27,485	24,070
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	0	0	0	1,795	850	945
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	185	105	80	49,760	26,635	23,125
0 Management occupations	10	0	10	5,125	3,315	1,810
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10	10	10	9,145	3,370	5,775
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30	15	15	4,820	3,705	1,120
3 Health occupations	10	0	10	2,700	695	2,010
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	0	10	4,290	1,365	2,925
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	10	10	1,355	735	620
6 Sales and service occupations	50	25	20	13,925	7,240	6,690
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	35	0	4,455	4,105	345
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	10	0	255	195	60
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	0	0	3,695	1,925	1,775
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	185	105	80	51,560	27,485	24,075
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	0	0	0	1,800	850	945
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	185	105	85	49,765	26,640	23,125
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	0	10	110	60	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	60	35	30
22 Utilities	0	0	0	235	185	50
23 Construction	25	20	10	2,270	1,990	280
31-33 Manufacturing	15	10	0	5,575	3,345	2,230
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	2,610	1,615	1,000
44-45 Retail trade	10	10	0	5,765	3,015	2,745
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	10	0	2,075	1,545	530
51 Information and cultural industries	10	0	10	1,455	830	625
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	4,100	2,000	2,095
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	1,310	820	490
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	0	20	5,060	2,940	2,120
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	85	50	35
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	15	10	2,495	1,390	1,110
61 Educational services	10	0	10	2,980	1,100	1,880
62 Health care and social assistance	15	0	15	4,275	940	3,330
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	645	385	265
72 Accommodation and food services	35	15	15	5,030	2,800	2,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	10	2,055	830	1,230
91 Public administration	15	15	0	1,575	770	805
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	145	75	70	46,995	25,170	21,825
Worked at home	20	10	15	3,135	1,600	1,535
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	420	295	125
No fixed workplace address	45	35	0	5,780	4,150	1,630
Worked at usual place	85	30	50	37,655	19,125	18,535
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	80	35	50	37,660	19,120	18,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	0	0	0	10,170	4,765	5,405
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	75	30	45	4,800	2,665	2,140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10	0	10	22,610	11,640	10,970
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	80	45	30
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	120	65	55	43,440	23,275	20,165
Car, truck, van - as a driver	125	70	55	30,455	17,990	12,465
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	0	0	0	4,050	1,450	2,610
Public transit	0	0	0	7,720	3,355	4,370
Walked	0	0	0	785	300	485
Bicycle	0	0	0	125	75	50
Other method	0	0	0	305	115	185
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	125	65	55	43,445	23,275	20,170
Less than 15 minutes	10	0	10	5,645	2,725	2,915
15 to 29 minutes	10	0	10	13,020	6,550	6,470
30 to 44 minutes	50	35	15	11,245	6,495	4,750
45 to 59 minutes	50	30	15	5,425	3,175	2,250
60 minutes and over	10	0	0	8,105	4,330	3,775
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	125	70	55	43,440	23,275	20,165
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	1,660	1,090	570
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15	15	0	5,500	3,165	2,335
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	50	20	30	10,030	5,180	4,845
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10	10	0	10,730	5,455	5,275
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10	0	10	9,410	5,005	4,410
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	25	15	6,105	3,380	2,725
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	205	120	90	54,895	28,995	25,900
Single responses	205	120	90	52,810	27,970	24,840
Official languages	205	120	90	45,415	24,000	21,420
English	205	115	90	45,315	23,975	21,340
French	0	0	0	100	25	80
Non-official languages	0	0	0	7,395	3,975	3,425
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	7,395	3,970	3,420
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	210	80	125
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	205	80	125
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	260	125	135
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	20	15	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	210	100	105
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	170	75	95
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	0	15
Hindi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	90	45	45
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	25	15	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	40	25	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	40	25	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Spanish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	70	25	45
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	6,815	3,705	3,105
Chinese languages	0	0	0	6,810	3,710	3,105
Cantonese	0	0	0	3,515	1,855	1,655
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mandarin	0	0	0	3,130	1,760	1,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	50	30	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	45	50
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	2,080	1,025	1,055
English and French	0	0	0	175	90	85
English and non-official language	0	0	0	1,870	915	955
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	15	15
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	205	120	85	54,890	28,995	25,895
None	205	115	85	47,890	25,460	22,435
English	0	0	0	2,140	1,120	1,015
French	0	0	0	325	125	205
Non-official language	0	0	0	4,410	2,240	2,170
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	0	0	0	4,415	2,240	2,170
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	110	45	65
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	345	180	160	98,045	48,365	49,670
Non-movers	335	180	155	89,095	43,995	45,100
Movers	0	0	0	8,940	4,375	4,565
Non-migrants	10	10	0	5,065	2,540	2,530
Migrants	0	0	0	3,875	1,840	2,040
Internal migrants	0	0	0	2,400	1,135	1,270
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	2,250	1,055	1,195
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	150	75	70
External migrants	0	0	0	1,480	710	770
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	320	170	145	94,125	46,385	47,740
Non-movers	235	130	100	68,525	33,885	34,635
Movers	90	45	40	25,605	12,500	13,105
Non-migrants	25	10	10	13,250	6,485	6,760
Migrants	65	35	35	12,355	6,015	6,345
Internal migrants	50	25	25	6,555	3,275	3,280
Intraprovincial migrants	50	25	25	6,090	3,065	3,025
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	465	210	255
External migrants	15	0	10	5,805	2,740	3,065

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Pearson, LSB [Designated place], Ontario and Markham--Thornhill [Federal electoral district], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Pearson, Local service board [Designated place], Ontario and Markham--Thornhill [Federal electoral district], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Pearson, Local service board [Designated place], Ontario and Markham--Thornhill [Federal electoral district], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Pearson, Local service board [Designated place], Ontario and Markham--Thornhill [Federal electoral district], Ontario