Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cambridge [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Fossambault-sur-le-Lac, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Cambridge Ontario [Federal electoral district]			Fossambault-sur-le-Lac, V Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Cambridge [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : Cambridge [Federal electoral district], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Fossambault-sur-le-Lac, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	115,463	...	...	1,960	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	111,693	...	...	1,613	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.4	...	...	21.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	44,432	...	...	1,283	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	43,335	...	...	852	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	332.8	...	...	170.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	346.97	...	...	11.53	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	115,465	56,705	58,755	1,960	1,005	955
0 to 14 years	20,600	10,555	10,050	395	200	195
0 to 4 years	6,390	3,350	3,040	175	90	85
5 to 9 years	7,075	3,610	3,465	145	70	75
10 to 14 years	7,135	3,595	3,545	80	35	40
15 to 64 years	77,215	38,265	38,955	1,265	630	635
15 to 19 years	7,280	3,690	3,590	60	40	25
20 to 24 years	7,345	3,760	3,585	55	20	35
25 to 29 years	7,200	3,525	3,675	120	55	65
30 to 34 years	7,395	3,695	3,705	130	70	65
35 to 39 years	7,360	3,530	3,830	150	70	85
40 to 44 years	7,880	3,840	4,040	130	65	60
45 to 49 years	8,280	4,115	4,165	115	55	60
50 to 54 years	9,290	4,595	4,695	150	70	75
55 to 59 years	8,265	4,095	4,170	180	95	80
60 to 64 years	6,920	3,415	3,510	175	85	90
65 years and over	17,645	7,890	9,755	305	175	130
65 to 69 years	5,820	2,765	3,050	135	80	55
70 to 74 years	4,170	1,925	2,245	90	45	45
75 to 79 years	3,080	1,465	1,620	40	20	20
80 to 84 years	2,290	985	1,305	25	20	5
85 years and over	2,275	750	1,530	20	10	10
85 to 89 years	1,400	515	890	15	10	10
90 to 94 years	680	205	480	5	5	0
95 to 99 years	155	35	125	0	0	0
100 years and over	35	0	35	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.6	17.1	20.2	19.9	20.4
15 to 64 years	66.9	67.5	66.3	64.5	62.7	66.5
65 years and over	15.3	13.9	16.6	15.6	17.4	13.6
85 years and over	2.0	1.3	2.6	1.0	1.0	1.0
Average age of the population	40.0	39.1	40.8	40.8	41.4	40.1
Median age of the population	40.4	39.4	41.2	42.7	43.7	41.5
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	43,335	...	...	855	...	...
Single-detached house	25,065	...	...	740	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,450	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	15,800	...	...	30	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,180	...	...	15	...	...
Row house	5,105	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,475	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,870	...	...	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	170	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	25	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	43,335	...	...	850	...	...
1 person	10,160	...	...	230	...	...
2 persons	14,230	...	...	355	...	...
3 persons	7,505	...	...	110	...	...
4 persons	7,125	...	...	110	...	...
5 or more persons	4,315	...	...	45	...	...
Number of persons in private households	113,620	...	...	1,960	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	94,865	46,155	48,705	1,565	805	765
Married or living common law	55,480	27,715	27,765	1,145	570	570
Married	46,175	23,070	23,105	560	280	280
Living common law	9,305	4,650	4,655	580	285	295
Not married and not living common law	39,380	18,435	20,945	425	235	190
Never married	25,290	13,665	11,630	275	160	115
Separated	3,270	1,415	1,855	10	5	5
Divorced	5,660	2,280	3,380	80	45	35
Widowed	5,160	1,080	4,085	60	20	35
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	33,185	...	...	615	...	...
2 persons	15,665	...	...	355	...	...
3 persons	7,565	...	...	110	...	...
4 persons	6,960	...	...	105	...	...
5 or more persons	2,990	...	...	45	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	33,185	...	...	615	...	...
Total couple families	27,230	...	...	565	...	...
Married couples	22,580	...	...	275	...	...
Common-law couples	4,650	...	...	290	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	5,950	...	...	50	...	...
Female parent	4,740	...	...	30	...	...
Male parent	1,210	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	27,230	...	...	565	...	...
Couples without children	12,155	...	...	325	...	...
Couples with children	15,075	...	...	240	...	...
1 child	5,810	...	...	90	...	...
2 children	6,425	...	...	105	...	...
3 or more children	2,840	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	5,950	...	...	50	...	...
1 child	3,505	...	...	35	...	...
2 children	1,760	...	...	20	...	...
3 or more children	680	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,725	7,705	8,020	260	150	105
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	43,335	...	...	855	...	...
One-census-family households	30,660	...	...	610	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	11,200	...	...	325	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	19,460	...	...	285	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,235	...	...	0	...	...
Non-census-family households	11,435	...	...	240	...	...
One-person households	10,160	...	...	225	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,275	...	...	10	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	114,340	56,295	58,045	1,960	1,005	955
English only	106,240	52,895	53,345	10	5	0
French only	30	10	20	1,165	565	605
English and French	6,180	2,660	3,520	785	430	350
Neither English nor French	1,885	730	1,160	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	114,340	56,300	58,045	1,960	1,005	955
English	110,845	54,795	56,045	70	40	30
French	1,280	635	650	1,880	960	920
English and French	355	155	200	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	1,860	710	1,145	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,460	715	750	80	40	35
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.3	4.1	4.0	3.7
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	114,340	56,295	58,045	1,960	1,005	960
Single responses	112,385	55,345	57,045	1,945	995	945
Official languages	91,930	45,575	46,350	1,920	985	930
English	90,580	44,910	45,670	70	35	30
French	1,355	670	685	1,850	950	905
Non-official languages	20,455	9,765	10,690	25	5	15
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,450	9,760	10,685	25	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	860	435	420	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	60	30	25	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	60	30	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	795	405	395	0	0	0
Amharic	40	20	25	0	0	0
Arabic	680	350	330	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	15	15	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0
Maltese	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	700	330	375	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	690	320	365	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	580	215	365	0	0	0
Bikol	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	45	10	30	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	20	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450	170	275	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	275	150	125	0	0	0
Kannada	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	130	70	60	0	0	0
Tamil	105	60	45	0	0	0
Telugu	40	25	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	16,320	7,835	8,485	20	10	15
Albanian	55	25	25	0	0	0
Armenian	235	120	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,885	875	1,010	10	5	5
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,855	860	995	10	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	5	5	5
Croatian	220	105	115	0	0	0
Czech	135	70	70	0	0	0
Macedonian	70	30	45	0	0	0
Polish	815	385	435	0	0	0
Russian	160	65	95	5	0	5
Serbian	135	75	70	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	85	35	50	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	145	65	85	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,470	675	795	5	5	0
Afrikaans	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	480	205	275	0	0	0
Frisian	15	5	10	0	0	0
German	895	425	465	0	5	0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Greek	175	90	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,560	2,305	2,255	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	3,690	1,850	1,840	0	0	0
Bengali	65	30	30	0	0	0
Gujarati	1,125	575	555	0	0	0
Hindi	220	110	115	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	0	5	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	5	0	0	0
Marathi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Nepali	25	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,230	595	635	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	5	0	0	0
Urdu	975	505	470	0	0	0
Iranian languages	860	450	410	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pashto	625	330	295	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	215	105	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,945	3,750	4,195	10	5	5
Catalan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Italian	730	380	355	0	0	0
Portuguese	5,670	2,650	3,015	0	0	0
Romanian	350	150	200	5	0	0
Spanish	1,185	565	620	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	70	25	45	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	150	70	80	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	30	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	10	30	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	5	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	715	325	385	5	0	0
Chinese languages	705	325	375	5	0	5
Cantonese	285	135	150	0	0	0
Hakka	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	330	150	175	5	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	190	95	100	0	0	0
Lao	175	90	85	0	0	0
Thai	20	5	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40	20	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	5	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	390	180	210	0	0	0
Estonian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Finnish	45	15	30	0	0	0
Hungarian	320	155	165	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,960	955	1,000	15	10	10
English and French	275	115	160	15	5	5
English and non-official language	1,605	805	800	0	0	0
French and non-official language	35	20	20	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language	30	15	20	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	114,340	56,295	58,045	1,960	1,005	960
Single responses	110,180	54,265	55,915	1,940	990	950
Official languages	100,925	49,905	51,025	1,930	990	940
English	100,605	49,760	50,845	50	25	25
French	320	145	175	1,880	960	920
Non-official languages	9,250	4,360	4,895	10	0	5
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,250	4,360	4,890	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	405	200	210	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	35	15	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	375	185	190	0	0	0
Amharic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	340	175	170	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	505	235	275	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	495	225	265	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	90	120	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	10	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	75	100	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	135	65	65	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	70	30	35	0	0	0
Tamil	50	25	25	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,125	3,345	3,775	10	5	5
Albanian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Armenian	145	75	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	730	350	385	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	735	350	385	10	0	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Croatian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Czech	50	25	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	40	15	20	0	0	0
Polish	305	145	160	0	0	0
Russian	75	35	40	5	0	0
Serbian	55	30	25	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	15	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	90	40	50	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	120	50	70	0	0	0
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	40	15	25	0	0	0
Frisian	0	5	0	0	0	0
German	60	25	35	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	55	25	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,750	1,340	1,410	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,235	1,090	1,145	0	0	0
Bengali	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	705	350	355	0	0	0
Hindi	90	50	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	780	370	410	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	595	295	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	510	250	260	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	385	195	190	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	110	50	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,300	1,500	1,800	0	0	0
Catalan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italian	190	85	100	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,425	1,095	1,335	5	0	0
Romanian	135	60	75	0	0	0
Spanish	540	260	280	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	40	20	20	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	105	45	55	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	215	225	0	0	0
Chinese languages	430	210	220	0	0	0
Cantonese	170	80	90	0	0	0
Hakka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	225	110	115	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	55	50	0	0	0
Lao	105	55	50	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	95	45	45	0	0	0
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	85	40	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,160	2,030	2,130	25	10	10
English and French	175	80	100	15	5	5
English and non-official language	3,905	1,920	1,990	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	10	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language	65	30	35	0	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	114,340	56,295	58,045	1,960	1,005	955
None	102,510	50,665	51,845	1,775	905	870
English	3,795	1,880	1,920	130	70	60
French	1,080	470	615	45	20	25
Non-official language	6,780	3,215	3,565	10	5	5
Aboriginal	5	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	6,775	3,215	3,560	10	5	5
English and French	25	10	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	80	35	45	5	0	0
French and non-official language	65	25	35	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	93,045	45,485	47,560	1,565	800	760
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	89,330	43,795	45,535	1,540	790	745
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,767	43,392	28,405	45,466	51,115	39,509
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	89,350	43,800	45,550	1,540	790	745
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,503	38,288	26,294	38,254	42,155	33,707
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	80,180	40,420	39,755	1,460	755	710
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,763	43,548	26,177	39,753	46,182	33,331
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	62,665	27,475	35,190	1,060	505	555
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,147	2,927	6,072	8,301	8,275	8,393
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,910	35,350	32,560	1,180	615	565
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,468	45,576	29,627	38,336	43,819	33,664
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	93,100	45,495	47,600	1,575	785	790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	89,365	43,805	45,565	1,545	770	775
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,880	54,336	35,788	53,095	57,999	48,202
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	89,380	43,800	45,575	1,550	775	775
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,497	44,253	31,004	42,215	45,575	38,863
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	80,315	40,470	39,845	1,465	740	725
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,956	53,976	33,780	49,224	54,853	43,499
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	62,560	27,500	35,060	1,115	520	595
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,678	7,114	8,120	8,772	7,955	9,492
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,965	35,325	32,635	1,195	590	605
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,235	54,438	35,275	44,500	49,213	39,909
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	93,100	45,495	47,600	1,575	785	790
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	35,815	20,540	15,275	565	275	290
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	52,920	59,473	44,210	48,267	49,402	45,349
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,795	69,569	51,340	58,155	61,663	54,854
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.0	91.7	82.8	87.7	90.6	84.2
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	75.9	80.3	69.6	65.7	65.4	65.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.0	8.3	17.2	12.2	9.5	16.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	93,045	45,480	47,560	1,560	800	760
Without total income	3,715	1,685	2,030	30	10	15
With total income	89,330	43,795	45,530	1,535	790	745
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.3	95.7	98.4	98.8	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,425	4,740	6,685	115	55	60
$10,000 to $19,999	14,900	5,590	9,315	170	65	105
$20,000 to $29,999	13,120	5,315	7,805	160	65	95
$30,000 to $39,999	10,805	4,655	6,155	220	110	110
$40,000 to $49,999	9,610	4,640	4,970	200	95	100
$50,000 to $59,999	7,835	4,415	3,415	175	90	85
$60,000 to $69,999	5,760	3,575	2,190	165	95	70
$70,000 to $79,999	4,005	2,610	1,390	115	75	40
$80,000 to $89,999	3,155	2,105	1,050	70	50	25
$90,000 to $99,999	2,595	1,575	1,015	35	20	10
$100,000 and over	6,125	4,575	1,550	110	80	30
$100,000 to $149,999	4,345	3,210	1,140	70	50	20
$150,000 and over	1,785	1,370	415	40	30	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	93,040	45,485	47,560	1,565	800	765
Without after-tax income	3,695	1,685	2,015	30	10	15
With after-tax income	89,350	43,800	45,550	1,540	795	750
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.3	95.8	98.4	99.4	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,715	4,795	6,920	130	60	75
$10,000 to $19,999	15,655	5,905	9,755	185	70	120
$20,000 to $29,999	15,280	6,275	9,010	225	95	135
$30,000 to $39,999	13,190	6,045	7,145	275	145	130
$40,000 to $49,999	11,115	6,020	5,095	255	120	130
$50,000 to $59,999	7,715	4,750	2,965	220	140	80
$60,000 to $69,999	4,940	3,250	1,690	110	65	40
$70,000 to $79,999	3,755	2,375	1,375	45	30	20
$80,000 and over	5,980	4,390	1,590	90	65	25
$80,000 to $89,999	2,120	1,475	650	20	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,210	885	325	25	15	10
$100,000 and over	2,650	2,030	615	45	35	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	93,045	45,480	47,560	1,565	800	765
Without employment income	25,135	10,135	15,000	385	185	195
With employment income	67,905	35,350	32,560	1,180	615	565
Percentage with employment income	73.0	77.7	68.5	75.4	76.9	73.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,955	3,745	4,210	160	90	70
$5,000 to $9,999	5,125	2,095	3,030	65	30	35
$10,000 to $19,999	8,375	3,480	4,900	115	50	70
$20,000 to $29,999	7,420	3,085	4,335	125	50	80
$30,000 to $39,999	7,700	3,270	4,430	150	70	75
$40,000 to $49,999	7,205	3,635	3,565	120	55	65
$50,000 to $59,999	6,250	3,710	2,545	115	50	65
$60,000 to $69,999	4,615	3,000	1,620	100	60	40
$70,000 to $79,999	3,310	2,195	1,115	90	60	30
$80,000 and over	9,960	7,150	2,810	140	100	35
$80,000 to $89,999	2,705	1,840	860	45	35	10
$90,000 to $99,999	2,250	1,390	860	25	20	5
$100,000 and over	5,010	3,915	1,090	70	50	20
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	43,335	...	...	850	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,258	...	...	82,432	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	66,910	...	...	68,506	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	10,165	...	...	230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,047	...	...	44,864	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,358	...	...	36,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	33,175	...	...	620	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,380	...	...	97,024	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,431	...	...	79,232	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	43,355	...	...	860	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,513	...	...	95,382	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,305	...	...	75,837	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,180	...	...	235	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,100	...	...	44,513	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,978	...	...	36,723	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	33,175	...	...	620	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	107,058	...	...	114,828	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,370	...	...	90,790	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	43,335	...	...	850	...	...
Under $5,000	395	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	350	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	970	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,295	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,730	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,475	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,690	...	...	40	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,760	...	...	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,750	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,760	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,395	...	...	70	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,155	...	...	60	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,070	...	...	75	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,805	...	...	70	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,665	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,070	...	...	315	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,250	...	...	130	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,515	...	...	65	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,735	...	...	80	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,560	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	43,335	...	...	850	...	...
Under $5,000	430	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	985	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,335	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,970	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,630	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,025	...	...	55	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,055	...	...	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,130	...	...	40	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,130	...	...	45	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,025	...	...	90	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,760	...	...	90	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,570	...	...	90	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,190	...	...	75	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,710	...	...	60	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,025	...	...	190	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,890	...	...	100	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,795	...	...	50	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,345	...	...	40	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	32,275	...	...	615	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,962	...	...	96,563	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,041	...	...	79,019	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	10,855	...	...	325	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,681	...	...	85,760	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,809	...	...	71,936	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	15,195	...	...	235	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,083	...	...	114,304	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,343	...	...	96,128	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,370	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,015	...	...	67,072	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,216	...	...	58,240	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	32,325	...	...	615	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,880	...	...	115,814	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,111	...	...	91,475	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	10,960	...	...	320	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,197	...	...	120,692	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,698	...	...	92,073	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	15,185	...	...	240	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,152	...	...	118,586	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,583	...	...	97,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,340	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,472	...	...	70,355	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,881	...	...	59,352	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	13,330	6,740	6,590	245	150	100
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,696	39,030	29,051	44,245	49,920	38,528
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,441	34,411	26,912	36,941	39,552	33,728
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	13,240	6,695	6,550	260	130	130
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,950	46,031	37,780	43,250	45,613	40,858
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,543	38,022	33,010	35,820	37,179	34,445
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	113,625	56,025	57,600	1,960	1,005	955
In the bottom half of the distribution	53,730	25,470	28,260	840	425	415
In the bottom decile	8,385	3,905	4,480	70	40	25
In the second decile	10,200	4,500	5,700	90	40	45
In the third decile	11,035	5,175	5,860	170	85	85
In the fourth decile	11,825	5,695	6,130	230	115	110
In the fifth decile	12,295	6,205	6,090	290	145	145
In the top half of the distribution	59,890	30,555	29,340	1,120	580	545
In the sixth decile	12,805	6,465	6,340	230	115	110
In the seventh decile	12,675	6,495	6,175	350	185	165
In the eighth decile	12,840	6,425	6,415	235	120	115
In the ninth decile	12,245	6,310	5,930	160	85	75
In the top decile	9,330	4,855	4,475	145	70	70
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	113,620	56,025	57,600	1,955	1,000	955
0 to 17 years	24,905	12,680	12,230	425	220	205
0 to 5 years	7,720	4,035	3,695	205	110	100
18 to 64 years	72,445	35,855	36,590	1,230	610	620
65 years and over	16,275	7,495	8,785	300	170	130
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,870	5,720	7,150	115	65	50
0 to 17 years	3,810	1,935	1,875	20	15	10
0 to 5 years	1,330	705	625	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	7,255	3,140	4,110	60	35	25
65 years and over	1,805	640	1,165	30	15	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	10.2	12.4	5.9	6.5	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	15.3	15.3	15.3	4.7	6.8	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2	17.5	16.9	2.4	4.5	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	8.8	11.2	4.9	5.7	4.0
65 years and over (%)	11.1	8.5	13.3	10.0	8.8	15.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,650	3,165	3,485	40	25	20
0 to 17 years	1,785	910	875	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	600	315	290	0	0	5
18 to 64 years	4,555	2,110	2,440	25	15	10
65 years and over	315	145	170	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.6	6.1	2.0	2.5	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	7.2	7.2	7.2	2.4	2.3	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	0.0	0.0	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	5.9	6.7	2.0	2.5	1.6
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.7	0.0	3.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	113,655	56,030	57,630	1,955	960	995
Official languages	111,745	55,320	56,425	1,960	960	995
English	111,725	55,305	56,415	775	440	335
French	6,145	2,700	3,445	1,945	955	995
Non-official languages	24,840	11,935	12,910	115	50	65
Aboriginal languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	24,835	11,930	12,900	115	50	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,210	605	605	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,185	590	600	0	0	0
Amharic	45	25	25	0	0	0
Arabic	1,030	505	525	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	10	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	40	25	15	0	0	0
Maltese	70	40	35	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	910	455	455	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	905	450	450	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	625	205	420	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	0	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	25	10	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	575	185	390	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	20	40	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	15	30	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	370	205	165	0	0	0
Kannada	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malayalam	125	60	65	0	0	0
Tamil	150	80	70	0	0	0
Telugu	105	65	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20,000	9,645	10,355	100	40	60
Albanian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Armenian	285	145	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,195	1,020	1,175	15	0	10
Baltic languages	45	25	25	0	0	0
Latvian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,165	1,000	1,165	15	0	10
Belarusan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	35	20	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Croatian	235	100	140	0	0	0
Czech	195	90	100	0	0	0
Macedonian	95	35	60	0	0	0
Polish	930	475	450	0	0	0
Russian	225	90	140	15	0	15
Serbian	260	130	125	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	105	50	55	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	165	50	115	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	30	10	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,850	795	1,055	10	10	0
Afrikaans	45	25	20	0	0	0
Danish	55	30	30	0	0	0
Dutch	545	215	325	0	0	0
Frisian	15	10	10	0	0	0
German	1,220	530	690	15	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	25	25	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	245	115	125	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,155	2,665	2,495	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	4,620	2,395	2,225	0	0	0
Bengali	85	40	45	0	0	0
Gujarati	1,125	610	520	0	0	0
Hindi	1,015	520	500	0	0	0
Kashmiri	15	10	10	0	0	0
Konkani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	10	20	0	0	0
Nepali	15	15	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,800	865	930	0	0	0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	15	15	0	0	0
Urdu	1,830	980	855	0	0	0
Iranian languages	850	415	440	0	0	0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pashto	675	340	335	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	205	80	130	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,435	4,985	5,455	75	30	40
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,025	535	495	0	0	0
Portuguese	7,140	3,450	3,690	20	10	15
Romanian	480	200	280	0	0	0
Spanish	2,000	890	1,105	55	20	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	100	50	50	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	165	65	95	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	130	60	70	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	20	0	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	45	15	25	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	20	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	25	35	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	65	25	35	0	0	0
Sign languages	140	60	80	10	10	10
American Sign Language	130	55	70	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	885	420	460	10	0	0
Chinese languages	885	420	465	0	0	0
Cantonese	490	235	255	0	0	0
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	425	190	235	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	20	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	225	110	115	0	0	0
Lao	220	105	110	0	0	0
Thai	25	0	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	485	255	235	0	0	0
Estonian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Finnish	50	20	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	410	225	190	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	113,660	56,030	57,625	1,960	960	995
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	109,090	53,880	55,210	1,905	935	970
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,475	12,385	12,090	410	195	215
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,610	41,495	43,120	1,490	740	755
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	4,570	2,155	2,420	55	30	25
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	113,655	56,030	57,625	1,960	960	995
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	89,985	44,485	45,495	1,880	925	960
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	23,115	11,275	11,845	75	40	40
Before 1981	10,435	5,115	5,320	10	10	0
1981 to 1990	3,415	1,705	1,710	10	0	10
1991 to 2000	3,490	1,650	1,845	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	4,140	2,030	2,110	30	20	15
2001 to 2005	2,070	1,040	1,030	25	20	10
2006 to 2010	2,065	990	1,080	10	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,640	775	865	30	15	15
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	555	270	285	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	23,115	11,270	11,845	75	40	40
Under 5 years	2,705	1,480	1,225	10	0	10
5 to 14 years	4,765	2,435	2,330	10	0	10
15 to 24 years	5,590	2,470	3,120	10	0	0
25 to 44 years	8,640	4,250	4,390	45	20	25
45 years and over	1,420	635	785	0	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	23,115	11,270	11,845	75	40	40
Americas	3,120	1,370	1,755	15	10	10
Brazil	125	50	75	10	0	10
Colombia	190	85	110	0	0	0
El Salvador	380	175	205	0	0	0
Guyana	490	210	280	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	405	215	190	0	0	0
Mexico	145	75	65	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	160	70	95	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	605	190	415	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	600	295	310	0	0	0
Europe	12,320	6,105	6,210	55	30	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	30	15	0	0	0
Croatia	140	60	80	0	0	0
France	55	35	20	35	20	15
Germany	505	230	275	10	10	0
Greece	105	60	50	0	0	0
Hungary	165	90	75	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	90	45	50	10	0	0
Italy	445	235	205	0	0	0
Netherlands	435	205	235	0	0	0
Poland	600	310	285	0	0	0
Portugal	4,675	2,260	2,415	0	0	0
Romania	410	165	245	0	0	0
Russian Federation	85	35	50	0	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	210	125	85	0	0	0
Ukraine	60	25	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,595	1,885	1,710	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	705	315	390	0	0	0
Africa	735	420	315	0	0	0
Algeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Egypt	145	85	55	0	0	0
Ethiopia	50	30	25	0	0	0
Kenya	45	15	25	0	0	0
Morocco	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	60	30	25	0	0	0
Somalia	15	0	10	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	135	70	65	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	270	170	110	0	0	0
Asia	6,870	3,330	3,535	0	0	10
Afghanistan	120	45	80	0	0	0
Bangladesh	50	25	25	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	355	130	225	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	135	75	60	0	0	0
India	1,960	980	980	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	85	55	30	0	0	0
Iraq	295	140	155	0	0	0
Japan	25	0	20	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	105	50	50	0	0	0
Lebanon	200	100	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,305	685	620	0	0	0
Philippines	655	235	420	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	150	85	60	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	120	55	60	0	0	0
Taiwan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	665	320	350	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	630	325	305	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	75	45	30	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,640	775	865	30	15	15
Americas	250	95	150	10	0	0
Brazil	20	10	10	0	0	0
Colombia	25	0	20	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mexico	15	10	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	95	40	60	0	10	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	70	30	40	0	0	0
Europe	225	125	100	20	15	10
France	0	0	0	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	20	0	15	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	60	50	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	130	60	65	0	0	0
Africa	80	35	45	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	55	30	25	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	0	10	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	1,075	510	565	0	0	0
Afghanistan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Bangladesh	25	10	15	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	55	30	25	10	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	330	180	150	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	145	80	70	0	0	0
Israel	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	200	95	105	0	0	0
Philippines	110	25	85	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	40	10	30	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	35	10	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	30	30	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	113,660	56,030	57,625	1,960	965	995
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	24,045	11,770	12,275	85	40	45
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	24,935	12,530	12,405	75	45	35
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	64,680	31,735	32,945	1,795	880	915
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	13,185	6,420	6,760	70	35	35
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	5,480	2,860	2,620	50	25	20
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,020	1,490	525	30	15	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	3,460	1,365	2,095	20	0	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	5,030	2,150	2,880	25	10	15
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	2,510	1,325	1,180	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	165	80	80	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	113,660	56,030	57,625	1,960	965	995
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,305	1,075	1,225	40	20	15
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,170	1,025	1,150	35	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,510	730	780	10	10	10
Métis	605	270	335	25	15	10
Inuk (Inuit)	55	25	30	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	105	40	65	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	111,355	54,950	56,400	1,920	945	980
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	113,655	56,030	57,625	1,955	965	995
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	655	320	335	0	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,005	55,715	57,290	1,955	960	990
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	113,655	56,035	57,630	1,955	960	995
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	360	165	195	30	15	15
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	325	145	185	30	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	255	110	145	25	10	15
Métis single ancestry	60	30	30	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	20	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	25	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	3,665	1,750	1,915	55	20	30
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,590	1,725	1,860	50	20	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,810	1,350	1,460	50	20	30
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	655	320	335	10	0	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	55	65	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	75	25	55	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	15	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	109,630	54,115	55,520	1,875	930	945
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	113,660	56,030	57,625	1,955	965	995
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	16,240	8,005	8,235	25	0	25
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	6,485	3,380	3,105	0	0	0
Chinese	1,110	500	610	0	10	10
Black	2,735	1,400	1,335	15	0	10
Filipino	980	380	600	0	0	0
Latin American	1,295	575	720	10	0	10
Arab	875	420	455	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,110	545	570	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	280	135	150	0	0	0
Korean	205	90	110	0	0	0
Japanese	165	75	85	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	585	310	280	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	410	195	220	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	97,415	48,020	49,390	1,925	960	970
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	113,660	56,030	57,625	1,960	960	995
North American Aboriginal origins	4,025	1,915	2,110	85	35	50
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,165	1,505	1,660	80	35	45
Inuit	145	60	85	0	0	0
Métis	820	395	425	0	0	0
Other North American origins	34,825	17,020	17,805	1,570	760	805
Acadian	110	45	55	0	0	0
American	1,125	560	570	30	20	15
Canadian	33,705	16,445	17,265	1,540	745	795
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	570	285	285	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	30	20	10	20	15	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	82,310	40,490	41,820	640	325	315
British Isles origins	52,320	25,615	26,705	175	95	80
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	30,445	14,710	15,735	25	15	15
Irish	20,895	10,105	10,785	110	65	45
Manx	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	22,845	11,165	11,680	25	10	20
Welsh	2,000	965	1,035	10	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	3,210	1,520	1,690	10	10	0
French origins	10,115	4,910	5,205	485	255	235
Alsatian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Breton	10	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	10,085	4,900	5,190	490	255	235
Western European origins (except French origins)	21,855	10,585	11,275	45	30	15
Austrian	645	365	275	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	440	240	200	0	0	0
Dutch	5,865	2,835	3,030	10	0	0
Flemish	30	15	20	0	0	0
Frisian	20	10	15	0	0	0
German	16,040	7,670	8,370	15	15	0
Luxembourger	25	15	10	0	0	0
Swiss	515	255	265	20	10	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,795	900	895	0	10	0
Danish	455	220	235	0	0	0
Finnish	350	210	140	0	0	0
Icelandic	125	30	95	0	0	0
Norwegian	410	210	200	10	10	0
Swedish	485	230	255	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	105	65	45	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	10,725	5,265	5,460	30	15	15
Bulgarian	60	15	35	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Czech	480	190	290	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	115	50	65	0	0	0
Estonian	105	55	45	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,865	890	980	0	0	0
Latvian	90	25	65	0	0	0
Lithuanian	160	85	75	0	0	0
Moldovan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Polish	4,180	2,145	2,040	15	10	10
Romanian	890	385	510	0	0	0
Russian	980	445	530	15	10	10
Slovak	340	165	175	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,615	1,300	1,320	0	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	20	20	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	19,345	9,650	9,700	40	20	20
Albanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	50	35	15	0	0	0
Catalan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	510	225	285	0	0	0
Cypriot	30	10	20	0	0	0
Greek	635	340	295	0	0	0
Italian	4,760	2,510	2,250	35	20	15
Kosovar	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	190	50	140	0	0	0
Maltese	270	135	135	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	11,795	5,845	5,950	0	0	10
Serbian	445	240	200	0	0	0
Sicilian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	180	110	70	0	0	0
Spanish	1,075	435	650	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	170	85	85	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	515	280	235	0	0	0
Basque	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jewish	230	130	100	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	245	130	115	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	2,430	1,265	1,165	15	0	15
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Barbadian	320	170	150	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	35	25	0	0	0	0
Cuban	75	30	45	0	0	0
Dominican	35	10	20	0	0	0
Grenadian	75	40	40	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	1,245	635	605	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	10
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	25	10	15	0	0	0
St. Lucian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	375	200	170	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	60	35	25	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	250	135	115	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	45	25	20	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,280	1,045	1,235	15	10	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	125	55	70	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	15	0	20	0	0	0
Brazilian	180	75	105	15	10	0
Chilean	75	30	45	10	0	0
Colombian	250	115	140	0	0	0
Costa Rican	25	10	20	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	70	40	25	0	0	0
Guatemalan	75	35	35	0	0	0
Guyanese	545	260	285	0	0	0
Hispanic	75	45	30	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	40	30	10	0	0	0
Mexican	205	100	110	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	95	45	55	0	0	0
Panamanian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Salvadorean	435	165	265	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	30	20	15	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	95	40	55	0	0	0
African origins	1,455	680	780	10	0	0
Central and West African origins	205	120	90	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	25	10	20	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	145	75	70	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	10	35	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins	385	195	195	0	0	0
Algerian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	240	130	115	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Maure	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Sudanese	110	40	65	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	355	160	195	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	10	0	0	0
Amhara	30	15	10	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	65	25	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	50	35	15	0	0	0
South African	115	35	75	0	0	0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	65	25	40	0	0	0
Other African origins	610	245	365	0	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	140	50	95	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	465	190	270	0	0	0
Asian origins	12,735	6,270	6,470	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,095	1,045	1,050	0	0	0
Afghan	225	95	140	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	215	105	110	0	0	0
Armenian	420	215	200	0	0	0
Assyrian	30	20	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	135	80	60	0	0	0
Iraqi	185	80	110	0	0	0
Israeli	35	25	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	65	45	25	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	315	135	180	0	0	0
Palestinian	115	85	30	0	0	0
Pashtun	125	65	60	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	195	100	90	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	70	30	40	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	90	40	50	0	0	0
South Asian origins	6,440	3,295	3,135	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	45	30	15	0	0	0
Bengali	45	15	35	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	4,185	2,105	2,080	0	0	0
Goan	20	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	35	15	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,565	855	705	0	0	0
Punjabi	485	245	240	0	0	0
Sinhalese	55	20	30	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	95	60	35	0	0	0
Tamil	25	10	15	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	330	155	180	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	4,300	1,960	2,340	0	0	0
Burmese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	25	10	0	0	0
Chinese	1,590	730	860	0	0	0
Filipino	1,110	420	690	0	0	0
Hmong	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	40	30	15	0	0	0
Japanese	215	100	120	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	220	105	110	0	0	0
Laotian	290	140	145	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	50	15	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	960	495	470	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	60	30	30	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	155	85	70	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	155	85	70	0	0	0
Oceania origins	125	80	40	0	0	0
Australian	90	60	30	0	0	0
New Zealander	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	20	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	43,355	...	...	860	...	...
Owner	30,140	...	...	795	...	...
Renter	13,215	...	...	65	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	43,350	...	...	860	...	...
Condominium	3,460	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	39,895	...	...	850	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	43,355	...	...	865	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	4,445	...	...	85	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,215	...	...	270	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,120	...	...	345	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,465	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	43,355	...	...	860	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,600	...	...	165	...	...
5 rooms	6,105	...	...	180	...	...
6 rooms	7,610	...	...	140	...	...
7 rooms	6,620	...	...	120	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,420	...	...	255	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	43,350	...	...	860	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,785	...	...	855	...	...
More than 1 person per room	570	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	43,350	...	...	860	...	...
Suitable	41,330	...	...	855	...	...
Not suitable	2,025	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	43,355	...	...	860	...	...
1960 or before	11,190	...	...	135	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,860	...	...	165	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,650	...	...	80	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,380	...	...	85	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,685	...	...	170	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,395	...	...	105	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,190	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	43,350	...	...	860	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	40,775	...	...	810	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,575	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	43,355	...	...	860	...	...
1 household maintainer	23,830	...	...	470	...	...
2 household maintainers	18,480	...	...	390	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,045	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	43,350	...	...	860	...	...
15 to 24 years	895	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,815	...	...	105	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,880	...	...	175	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,945	...	...	155	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,725	...	...	220	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,795	...	...	155	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,170	...	...	40	...	...
85 years and over	1,130	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	43,170	...	...	860	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,290	...	...	715	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,880	...	...	145	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,050	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,015	...	...	795	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.0	...	...	69.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.7	...	...	15.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,346	...	...	1,118	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,366	...	...	1,193	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	348,163	...	...	278,898	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	379,532	...	...	349,188	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,205	...	...	65	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	16.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	41.3	...	...	30.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	949	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,007	...	...	785	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	93,100	45,495	47,600	1,575	785	785
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,695	10,070	10,625	170	105	65
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	29,450	14,520	14,935	380	195	180
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,950	20,910	22,045	1,025	480	540
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,690	4,790	1,895	280	190	95
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,205	1,995	1,215	175	95	80
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,485	2,800	680	110	95	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	20,985	9,100	11,890	355	140	215
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,445	725	720	45	20	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	13,830	6,290	7,540	340	130	210
Bachelor's degree	9,915	4,350	5,570	220	80	140
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	885	385	500	25	0	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	320	190	130	10	0	0
Master's degree	2,395	1,175	1,220	60	25	30
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	315	185	125	25	15	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	62,170	30,635	31,540	1,130	540	590
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,020	4,745	4,275	85	55	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	19,130	9,625	9,500	220	125	95
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,020	16,260	17,760	815	355	460
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,950	3,515	1,440	215	140	75
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,470	1,495	980	155	80	70
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,485	2,020	465	65	55	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	16,905	7,335	9,570	280	105	180
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,065	530	535	30	10	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,100	4,885	6,215	290	105	185
Bachelor's degree	7,850	3,375	4,475	200	75	125
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	750	315	435	15	10	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	115	125	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,020	960	1,060	40	15	30
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	240	120	125	25	15	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	93,100	45,495	47,600	1,575	785	785
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	50,145	24,590	25,560	550	300	250
Education	2,160	475	1,685	70	0	65
13. Education	2,160	475	1,685	65	0	60
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,505	640	870	25	10	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	130	80	10	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	1,300	505	790	25	10	10
Humanities	2,155	850	1,305	65	30	40
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	150	20	130	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	485	120	365	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	570	205	370	45	20	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215	100	120	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	180	90	0	0	0
54. History	380	215	160	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	75	0	70	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,795	1,400	3,400	80	25	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	30	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	575	195	380	0	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,255	110	1,150	20	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	635	180	455	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	100	25	70	0	0	0
42. Psychology	655	190	465	25	10	20
45. Social sciences	1,550	695	850	25	15	10
Business, management and public administration	8,350	3,075	5,275	240	95	140
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	740	110	630	25	20	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,590	2,960	4,625	220	80	140
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,360	665	695	60	35	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	545	235	310	30	10	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	355	155	205	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	10	10
40. Physical sciences	345	230	115	20	20	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	50	55	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,505	930	580	30	10	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,160	715	440	25	15	15
25. Library science	85	25	60	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	240	165	75	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	20	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,440	9,685	750	240	205	40
04. Architecture and related services	330	210	120	10	10	0
14. Engineering	1,480	1,275	205	10	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,420	2,205	220	60	40	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,650	1,600	55	70	70	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,355	2,310	45	35	35	0
48. Precision production	2,200	2,090	110	50	45	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	935	530	405	40	20	20
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	645	365	280	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	160	125	25	15	10
Health and related fields	6,435	950	5,490	125	20	105
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	660	250	410	15	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	5,690	640	5,055	110	10	95
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	85	55	30	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,270	1,715	1,555	55	30	25
12. Personal and culinary services	1,685	460	1,225	20	0	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	10	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,010	720	290	15	15	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	555	515	35	10	10	0
Other	40	0	45	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	0	45	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	62,175	30,635	31,535	1,130	540	590
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	28,150	14,375	13,775	305	180	130
Education	1,645	350	1,295	50	0	55
13. Education	1,650	350	1,300	50	0	55
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,215	505	705	20	0	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	90	55	10	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	1,070	415	655	15	10	10
Humanities	1,595	650	945	35	10	25
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	115	15	110	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	360	90	270	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	445	170	275	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	65	70	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	145	60	0	0	0
54. History	275	160	115	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	45	0	45	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,795	1,045	2,750	65	20	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	20	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	485	170	320	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	980	65	910	15	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	545	145	400	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	70	15	55	0	0	0
42. Psychology	465	105	360	20	10	0
45. Social sciences	1,220	545	675	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	6,945	2,500	4,445	190	70	125
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	620	75	550	15	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,300	2,415	3,885	180	60	125
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,010	490	515	50	30	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	400	165	235	25	10	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	275	125	145	0	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	10	0
40. Physical sciences	250	160	90	15	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	40	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,300	800	500	30	15	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,035	645	390	25	15	15
25. Library science	60	15	45	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	185	120	65	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,100	7,465	640	185	150	30
04. Architecture and related services	300	190	110	10	0	0
14. Engineering	1,195	1,020	175	10	0	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,880	1,680	200	55	35	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,265	1,215	45	55	55	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,855	1,825	35	20	15	10
48. Precision production	1,615	1,535	75	45	40	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	775	420	355	40	20	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	530	285	250	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	140	105	25	15	15
Health and related fields	4,980	695	4,280	115	20	100
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	520	195	320	0	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs	4,405	470	3,930	110	10	95
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	60	30	30	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,630	1,350	1,285	40	25	15
12. Personal and culinary services	1,325	310	1,015	15	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	815	580	235	15	15	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	485	445	35	10	0	0
Other	25	0	30	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	0	30	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	93,100	45,495	47,605	1,575	785	785
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,145	24,590	25,555	550	300	245
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	42,950	20,910	22,045	1,025	485	540
Location of study inside Canada	37,270	17,845	19,425	970	460	505
Same as province or territory of residence	34,925	16,760	18,165	925	435	485
Different than province or territory of residence	2,345	1,085	1,260	45	20	25
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,680	3,065	2,615	55	25	30
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	870	435	435	10	10	0
Philippines	290	80	210	0	0	0
India	835	460	380	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,110	730	380	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	145	60	85	0	0	10
France	20	15	10	20	10	10
Other	2,410	1,290	1,120	25	10	15
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	62,170	30,630	31,540	1,125	540	590
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,155	14,370	13,780	310	180	125
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	34,020	16,260	17,760	820	355	460
Location of study inside Canada	29,935	14,190	15,740	765	335	430
Same as province or territory of residence	28,150	13,360	14,790	730	320	410
Different than province or territory of residence	1,785	835	950	40	15	20
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,085	2,070	2,015	50	20	30
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	690	335	355	0	10	0
Philippines	260	70	190	0	0	0
India	680	355	325	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	560	345	215	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	135	45	80	0	0	10
France	15	10	10	20	10	10
Other	1,755	915	840	25	0	15
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	93,100	45,495	47,600	1,575	785	785
In the labour force	63,420	33,235	30,185	1,080	545	535
Employed	59,395	31,215	28,175	1,035	510	525
Unemployed	4,025	2,015	2,010	45	35	10
Not in the labour force	29,680	12,260	17,415	490	240	250
Participation rate	68.1	73.1	63.4	68.6	69.4	68.2
Employment rate	63.8	68.6	59.2	65.7	65.0	66.9
Unemployment rate	6.3	6.1	6.7	4.2	6.4	1.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	93,100	45,495	47,600	1,570	790	785
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	28,360	11,720	16,640	455	240	215
Worked	64,735	33,775	30,965	1,115	545	570
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	36,510	21,030	15,475	580	285	300
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	28,230	12,745	15,485	540	265	275
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.9	44.6	43.1	43.2	44.4	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	63,420	33,235	30,190	1,080	545	535
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,125	540	585	15	10	10
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	62,295	32,690	29,605	1,070	540	535
Employee	56,900	29,345	27,550	900	430	470
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	5,395	3,340	2,055	170	105	65
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	63,425	33,235	30,185	1,085	545	535
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,125	545	585	15	10	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	62,295	32,690	29,605	1,070	535	535
0 Management occupations	6,270	4,000	2,270	90	60	30
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,840	2,475	6,365	195	60	135
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,805	2,955	850	85	50	40
3 Health occupations	3,255	425	2,835	85	15	70
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,385	1,450	3,940	180	75	105
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,405	585	825	30	10	15
6 Sales and service occupations	14,630	5,575	9,060	220	115	105
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,710	9,940	765	135	120	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,095	825	275	20	15	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,895	4,460	2,430	40	20	20
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	63,420	33,230	30,185	1,085	545	535
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,125	545	585	15	10	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	62,295	32,685	29,610	1,070	535	530
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	735	465	270	10	10	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	105	20	10	0	0
22 Utilities	260	200	60	15	0	0
23 Construction	4,785	4,210	575	95	80	20
31-33 Manufacturing	12,605	8,680	3,920	110	60	50
41 Wholesale trade	3,040	2,095	945	55	40	15
44-45 Retail trade	7,420	3,280	4,140	95	45	55
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,215	2,285	930	15	10	10
51 Information and cultural industries	1,100	590	515	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	2,425	825	1,600	55	25	30
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,035	530	505	20	10	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,535	1,805	1,725	55	30	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	100	55	45	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,590	1,450	1,145	25	15	10
61 Educational services	3,360	835	2,515	65	20	45
62 Health care and social assistance	6,040	770	5,270	125	20	105
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,105	585	525	30	15	15
72 Accommodation and food services	4,125	1,465	2,660	85	50	35
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,410	1,235	1,175	40	0	35
91 Public administration	2,290	1,220	1,065	160	90	70
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	59,395	31,220	28,180	1,035	510	525
Worked at home	2,960	1,370	1,590	130	65	60
Worked outside Canada	195	130	60	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	5,985	4,535	1,455	75	65	10
Worked at usual place	50,255	25,190	25,065	835	385	450
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	50,260	25,190	25,065	835	385	450
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,380	12,385	13,995	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,680	5,370	6,310	220	110	105
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,050	7,345	4,705	600	265	335
Commute to a different province or territory	145	90	55	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	56,240	29,725	26,520	910	445	460
Car, truck, van - as a driver	46,765	25,250	21,520	815	410	405
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,215	1,945	2,270	45	20	30
Public transit	2,595	1,140	1,455	20	0	20
Walked	1,795	815	985	10	0	10
Bicycle	380	320	60	0	10	0
Other method	490	255	240	10	15	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	56,240	29,725	26,520	910	450	460
Less than 15 minutes	15,950	7,450	8,500	140	65	75
15 to 29 minutes	20,380	10,420	9,960	225	105	120
30 to 44 minutes	10,925	6,060	4,865	295	160	135
45 to 59 minutes	4,155	2,490	1,660	175	80	100
60 minutes and over	4,835	3,305	1,525	80	40	35
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	56,240	29,725	26,520	910	450	465
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,120	4,395	1,725	80	70	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,350	7,390	3,965	230	130	100
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,245	6,425	6,815	340	130	215
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,355	3,595	5,765	95	45	55
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,000	1,945	3,055	40	10	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	11,170	5,975	5,195	120	65	55
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	66,640	34,680	31,960	1,150	570	585
Single responses	66,290	34,505	31,790	1,125	555	565
Official languages	65,955	34,340	31,615	1,125	555	565
English	65,790	34,310	31,485	20	15	10
French	160	35	130	1,100	540	560
Non-official languages	340	155	175	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	340	160	180	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	235	120	115	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	0	25	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	0	25	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	45	40	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	80	45	40	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	70	55	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	120	65	50	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Cantonese	40	15	25	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	350	180	170	30	15	15
English and French	105	35	70	30	15	15
English and non-official language	240	150	90	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	66,640	34,680	31,960	1,155	570	585
None	64,630	33,750	30,880	910	440	475
English	235	80	160	225	120	105
French	590	270	325	15	10	10
Non-official language	1,145	575	570	10	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,150	575	575	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	10	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	112,350	55,365	56,985	1,915	940	975
Non-movers	98,945	48,780	50,165	1,755	850	900
Movers	13,405	6,585	6,815	160	85	75
Non-migrants	8,025	3,920	4,105	50	20	30
Migrants	5,380	2,665	2,710	110	70	50
Internal migrants	4,770	2,410	2,360	115	70	45
Intraprovincial migrants	4,385	2,195	2,190	115	65	45
Interprovincial migrants	385	215	170	0	0	0
External migrants	610	260	350	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	107,235	52,765	54,475	1,800	880	915
Non-movers	67,775	33,300	34,475	1,140	540	600
Movers	39,460	19,460	19,995	655	340	320
Non-migrants	22,885	11,240	11,645	160	80	85
Migrants	16,580	8,220	8,355	495	265	230
Internal migrants	14,765	7,355	7,410	470	250	220
Intraprovincial migrants	13,770	6,840	6,925	460	240	220
Interprovincial migrants	995	510	485	10	10	0
External migrants	1,815	865	945	25	15	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Cambridge [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Fossambault-sur-le-Lac, V [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cambridge [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Fossambault-sur-le-Lac, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Cambridge [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Fossambault-sur-le-Lac, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cambridge [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Fossambault-sur-le-Lac, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec