Census Profile, 2016 Census
Haldimand--Norfolk [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Spirit River, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Haldimand--Norfolk Ontario [Federal electoral district]			Spirit River, T Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Haldimand--Norfolk [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : Haldimand--Norfolk [Federal electoral district], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Spirit River, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	109,652	...	...	995	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	108,051	...	...	1,025	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	1.5	...	...	-2.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	48,192	...	...	487	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	43,509	...	...	442	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	38.4	...	...	317.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,859.09	...	...	3.14	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	109,655	54,525	55,130	995	490	505
0 to 14 years	17,425	8,975	8,455	125	70	55
0 to 4 years	5,630	2,845	2,785	40	20	15
5 to 9 years	5,775	2,975	2,800	45	25	15
10 to 14 years	6,025	3,155	2,875	45	15	25
15 to 64 years	69,560	34,705	34,850	605	315	295
15 to 19 years	6,565	3,270	3,295	70	30	35
20 to 24 years	6,305	3,295	3,010	55	35	25
25 to 29 years	5,580	2,835	2,740	50	25	30
30 to 34 years	5,630	2,835	2,795	55	25	25
35 to 39 years	5,455	2,740	2,710	55	25	25
40 to 44 years	5,905	2,950	2,955	50	25	25
45 to 49 years	6,915	3,400	3,520	65	30	30
50 to 54 years	8,810	4,345	4,470	85	45	35
55 to 59 years	9,370	4,640	4,730	70	40	35
60 to 64 years	9,030	4,395	4,630	55	30	30
65 years and over	22,665	10,840	11,820	260	105	160
65 to 69 years	7,755	3,930	3,825	70	35	35
70 to 74 years	5,685	2,775	2,915	60	15	45
75 to 79 years	3,840	1,935	1,910	50	20	30
80 to 84 years	2,685	1,215	1,470	40	10	30
85 years and over	2,705	995	1,710	40	20	15
85 to 89 years	1,745	695	1,050	30	25	10
90 to 94 years	770	255	520	10	0	10
95 to 99 years	175	50	125	5	0	0
100 years and over	15	5	15	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.5	15.3	12.6	14.3	10.9
15 to 64 years	63.4	63.6	63.2	60.8	64.3	58.4
65 years and over	20.7	19.9	21.4	26.1	21.4	31.7
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.1	4.0	4.1	3.0
Average age of the population	43.5	42.8	44.2	46.0	43.6	48.3
Median age of the population	46.5	45.5	47.4	48.7	45.8	50.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	43,505	...	...	445	...	...
Single-detached house	36,475	...	...	345	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	405	...	...	5	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	6,415	...	...	60	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,225	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	1,415	...	...	30	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	920	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,745	...	...	15	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	215	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	43,510	...	...	440	...	...
1 person	10,540	...	...	165	...	...
2 persons	17,390	...	...	165	...	...
3 persons	6,300	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	5,615	...	...	45	...	...
5 or more persons	3,665	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,455	...	...	935	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	92,225	45,550	46,675	870	415	455
Married or living common law	57,805	29,060	28,745	470	235	235
Married	49,040	24,685	24,360	390	195	190
Living common law	8,760	4,380	4,385	80	40	40
Not married and not living common law	34,420	16,490	17,935	405	180	220
Never married	20,445	11,400	9,045	195	115	80
Separated	2,725	1,285	1,440	35	15	20
Divorced	5,105	2,390	2,715	70	35	35
Widowed	6,145	1,415	4,735	100	15	80
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	32,740	...	...	275	...	...
2 persons	18,245	...	...	170	...	...
3 persons	6,220	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	5,350	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	2,920	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	32,740	...	...	270	...	...
Total couple families	28,355	...	...	230	...	...
Married couples	23,975	...	...	190	...	...
Common-law couples	4,380	...	...	40	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,385	...	...	40	...	...
Female parent	3,305	...	...	25	...	...
Male parent	1,080	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	28,355	...	...	230	...	...
Couples without children	15,555	...	...	140	...	...
Couples with children	12,795	...	...	90	...	...
1 child	5,000	...	...	40	...	...
2 children	5,000	...	...	30	...	...
3 or more children	2,800	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,390	...	...	40	...	...
1 child	2,690	...	...	30	...	...
2 children	1,225	...	...	10	...	...
3 or more children	475	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,555	7,000	7,555	215	100	110
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	43,510	...	...	440	...	...
One-census-family households	31,295	...	...	265	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	14,940	...	...	135	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	16,360	...	...	125	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	715	...	...	5	...	...
Non-census-family households	11,500	...	...	175	...	...
One-person households	10,540	...	...	160	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	960	...	...	15	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	108,415	54,075	54,335	980	485	495
English only	104,265	52,205	52,060	935	460	475
French only	15	10	5	0	0	0
English and French	3,335	1,425	1,910	35	20	15
Neither English nor French	800	440	360	5	0	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	108,415	54,080	54,335	980	490	495
English	106,715	53,210	53,505	960	475	485
French	885	425	460	15	5	5
English and French	55	35	25	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	755	410	345	5	5	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	915	440	470	15	10	5
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.5	2.0	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	108,415	54,080	54,335	980	485	495
Single responses	107,715	53,735	53,985	970	480	485
Official languages	97,650	48,730	48,920	885	445	440
English	96,660	48,265	48,390	870	430	435
French	990	465	530	20	10	5
Non-official languages	10,065	5,005	5,060	85	40	45
Aboriginal languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	5	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10,055	5,000	5,050	85	40	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	50	40	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	45	40	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	55	30	25	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0	0	0
Maltese	20	15	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	20	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115	25	90	10	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	15	70	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	5	5	5
Tamil	0	5	5	5	0	0
Telugu	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,015	4,530	4,480	55	20	35
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,035	485	550	40	20	20
Baltic languages	60	30	30	0	0	0
Latvian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	40	25	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages	975	455	520	40	20	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	90	50	45	0	0	0
Czech	45	20	25	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Polish	405	170	230	0	0	0
Russian	55	20	30	0	0	0
Serbian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	65	30	30	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	205	95	110	30	15	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,020	2,965	3,060	10	5	10
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0	0	0
Danish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Dutch	1,325	660	660	5	0	5
Frisian	75	40	35	0	0	0
German	4,215	2,085	2,130	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	335	145	195	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	80	50	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	85	70	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	115	60	60	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	35	15	15	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	5	5	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	10	20	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	25	15	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	25	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	5	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,705	950	755	5	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	355	195	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	860	445	415	0	0	0
Romanian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Spanish	450	285	160	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	35	35	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	70	75	5	0	0
Chinese languages	140	65	70	5	5	0
Cantonese	60	30	25	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	25	25	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	510	240	270	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	20	5	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	485	235	255	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	700	345	350	10	0	5
English and French	135	65	70	0	0	0
English and non-official language	525	265	265	10	5	5
French and non-official language	25	15	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	108,415	54,075	54,335	980	485	495
Single responses	107,255	53,500	53,765	965	485	485
Official languages	103,550	51,605	51,945	950	465	475
English	103,370	51,520	51,855	945	465	475
French	180	85	85	0	0	0
Non-official languages	3,710	1,890	1,815	25	15	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,710	1,890	1,815	25	15	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	15	25	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	15	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	10	20	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	15	5	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	5	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	5	5	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,360	1,725	1,640	5	5	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	90	110	5	5	5
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	195	85	105	5	5	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Czech	15	5	5	0	5	0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	90	35	55	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,345	1,170	1,175	0	0	0
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	110	55	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,110	1,055	1,055	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	5	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	45	45	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	75	40	40	5	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	5	15	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	20	15	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	690	405	285	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	320	150	170	0	0	0
Romanian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Spanish	325	230	85	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	30	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	0	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	50	40	5	0	0
Chinese languages	90	45	40	5	0	0
Cantonese	40	20	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	5	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	75	30	45	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	80	30	45	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,155	580	570	10	5	5
English and French	65	35	25	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,070	530	540	10	5	5
French and non-official language	10	0	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	108,415	54,080	54,335	980	485	495
None	103,320	51,630	51,690	935	465	475
English	1,575	780	790	5	5	0
French	555	235	320	5	5	0
Non-official language	2,930	1,410	1,515	30	15	20
Aboriginal	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,900	1,405	1,500	30	15	20
English and French	5	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	90,055	44,505	45,550	810	400	410
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,130	43,230	43,905	785	390	400
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,277	41,876	26,133	41,696	56,768	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,180	43,235	43,945	785	390	400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,360	37,418	24,405	37,504	49,344	28,032
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	78,470	39,915	38,550	725	370	355
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,053	39,237	22,302	39,893	56,704	28,544
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	63,765	29,280	34,490	465	180	280
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,850	7,998	7,759	7,888	10,768	7,216
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	63,495	33,885	29,610	620	320	295
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,044	37,855	24,000	39,381	54,144	30,592
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	90,055	44,500	45,550	875	440	430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	87,235	43,205	44,030	850	425	425
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,749	49,112	34,525	58,955	69,049	48,716
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	87,290	43,205	44,085	850	430	425
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,636	41,215	30,167	48,380	55,740	40,914
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	78,480	39,835	38,645	780	400	385
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,207	46,749	31,433	58,208	68,738	47,199
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	63,735	29,265	34,465	535	220	315
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,867	8,871	8,863	8,902	9,931	8,186
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	63,495	33,685	29,810	670	360	310
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,612	44,253	32,237	56,150	63,735	47,435
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	90,055	44,505	45,550	870	440	430
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	29,565	17,300	12,260	255	140	110
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,909	57,908	43,099	57,726	67,298	53,489
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,709	62,704	48,254	67,490	67,155	67,921
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.7	88.3	79.5	89.9	91.7	84.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	66.9	70.2	62.1	71.7	73.7	66.5
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.3	11.7	20.5	10.0	7.1	15.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	90,055	44,505	45,550	810	400	410
Without total income	2,920	1,270	1,645	20	10	10
With total income	87,130	43,230	43,900	790	390	400
Percentage with total income	96.8	97.1	96.4	97.5	97.5	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,465	4,400	7,060	90	35	60
$10,000 to $19,999	15,590	5,865	9,725	115	45	70
$20,000 to $29,999	12,870	5,225	7,650	105	35	70
$30,000 to $39,999	10,730	5,150	5,585	80	30	50
$40,000 to $49,999	9,630	4,960	4,670	55	20	30
$50,000 to $59,999	7,125	4,080	3,040	70	35	40
$60,000 to $69,999	5,460	3,535	1,925	55	30	25
$70,000 to $79,999	3,940	2,685	1,260	45	35	15
$80,000 to $89,999	2,985	2,090	895	35	25	10
$90,000 to $99,999	2,510	1,605	905	40	25	15
$100,000 and over	4,825	3,630	1,195	105	80	25
$100,000 to $149,999	3,625	2,700	925	65	45	20
$150,000 and over	1,205	935	270	35	30	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	90,055	44,505	45,555	810	400	410
Without after-tax income	2,875	1,270	1,605	20	10	10
With after-tax income	87,180	43,230	43,945	785	385	400
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	97.1	96.5	96.9	96.3	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,945	4,495	7,450	90	30	60
$10,000 to $19,999	16,300	6,145	10,160	125	45	75
$20,000 to $29,999	14,865	6,260	8,605	115	35	75
$30,000 to $39,999	12,925	6,385	6,540	80	35	50
$40,000 to $49,999	10,480	5,850	4,630	100	50	50
$50,000 to $59,999	7,115	4,590	2,525	75	40	40
$60,000 to $69,999	5,070	3,500	1,570	55	40	10
$70,000 to $79,999	3,560	2,370	1,190	45	30	20
$80,000 and over	4,905	3,635	1,270	110	85	25
$80,000 to $89,999	2,015	1,415	600	40	30	10
$90,000 to $99,999	1,025	795	230	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	1,865	1,425	440	55	45	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	90,055	44,505	45,550	810	400	410
Without employment income	26,560	10,620	15,940	190	75	115
With employment income	63,495	33,885	29,610	615	325	295
Percentage with employment income	70.5	76.1	65.0	75.9	81.3	72.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,180	6,005	5,170	75	30	45
$5,000 to $9,999	5,465	2,290	3,175	45	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	8,375	3,520	4,865	70	25	40
$20,000 to $29,999	6,675	2,830	3,845	55	25	35
$30,000 to $39,999	6,525	2,975	3,555	65	25	40
$40,000 to $49,999	5,990	3,115	2,885	50	20	30
$50,000 to $59,999	4,825	2,855	1,965	50	25	25
$60,000 to $69,999	3,635	2,525	1,105	35	25	15
$70,000 to $79,999	2,960	2,045	915	30	25	10
$80,000 and over	7,855	5,720	2,140	135	105	35
$80,000 to $89,999	2,300	1,630	670	25	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,045	1,300	745	30	20	10
$100,000 and over	3,515	2,790	725	80	65	15
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	43,510	...	...	440	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,733	...	...	77,141	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,716	...	...	67,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	10,540	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,771	...	...	48,768	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,865	...	...	42,496	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	32,965	...	...	280	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,534	...	...	103,424	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,393	...	...	88,448	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	43,505	...	...	445	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,709	...	...	113,751	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	71,495	...	...	93,347	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,525	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,506	...	...	66,044	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,577	...	...	53,184	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	32,985	...	...	305	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	97,173	...	...	134,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	82,954	...	...	111,152	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	43,510	...	...	445	...	...
Under $5,000	420	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	400	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	960	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,530	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,895	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,610	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,880	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,915	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,925	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,925	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,595	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,425	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,220	...	...	35	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,940	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,670	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,195	...	...	165	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,980	...	...	50	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,230	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,180	...	...	45	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,805	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	43,510	...	...	440	...	...
Under $5,000	465	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	415	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	975	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,600	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,085	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,790	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,160	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,295	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,295	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,200	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,345	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,055	...	...	45	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,745	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,220	...	...	35	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,580	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,290	...	...	130	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,510	...	...	50	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,355	...	...	35	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,425	...	...	40	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	32,280	...	...	270	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,418	...	...	101,120	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,230	...	...	86,272	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	14,630	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,659	...	...	82,176	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	65,398	...	...	73,984	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	12,965	...	...	90	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,475	...	...	131,840	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	93,978	...	...	110,080	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,005	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,501	...	...	69,888	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,878	...	...	62,336	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	32,295	...	...	305	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	97,030	...	...	129,695	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	82,798	...	...	106,775	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	14,630	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,692	...	...	150,651	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,866	...	...	119,462	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	12,960	...	...	95	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,080	...	...	142,244	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	100,970	...	...	119,788	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,040	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,228	...	...	76,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,153	...	...	67,666	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	12,815	6,240	6,575	190	95	95
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,753	36,557	28,450	47,744	63,104	35,904
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,217	32,717	26,472	42,176	50,560	32,768
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	12,795	6,180	6,615	165	75	90
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	39,768	43,165	36,595	63,229	62,794	63,603
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,153	36,368	32,084	51,256	51,666	50,903
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	107,455	53,455	53,995	935	470	465
In the bottom half of the distribution	54,145	26,145	28,000	365	175	190
In the bottom decile	7,700	3,760	3,940	45	20	25
In the second decile	10,655	4,800	5,855	80	30	50
In the third decile	12,020	5,805	6,210	70	35	30
In the fourth decile	11,670	5,720	5,950	75	40	35
In the fifth decile	12,095	6,050	6,040	90	45	45
In the top half of the distribution	53,310	27,310	25,995	570	295	275
In the sixth decile	11,755	5,920	5,840	110	55	55
In the seventh decile	11,875	6,045	5,830	85	40	45
In the eighth decile	11,760	6,040	5,720	105	50	55
In the ninth decile	10,845	5,650	5,190	135	70	65
In the top decile	7,065	3,660	3,410	140	80	60
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	107,455	53,455	53,995	935	470	465
0 to 17 years	21,270	10,890	10,385	160	85	75
0 to 5 years	6,755	3,450	3,305	40	30	15
18 to 64 years	64,755	32,145	32,605	565	300	265
65 years and over	21,430	10,425	11,005	210	85	120
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,620	5,875	6,745	85	35	50
0 to 17 years	2,995	1,540	1,455	15	10	10
0 to 5 years	1,045	550	500	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	7,215	3,390	3,820	40	20	20
65 years and over	2,415	945	1,470	35	10	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.7	11.0	12.5	9.1	7.4	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	14.1	14.1	14.0	9.4	11.8	13.3
0 to 5 years (%)	15.5	15.9	15.1	12.5	16.7	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	10.5	11.7	7.1	6.7	7.5
65 years and over (%)	11.3	9.1	13.4	16.7	11.8	20.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,110	2,065	2,040	25	15	10
0 to 17 years	850	445	405	5	0	5
0 to 5 years	280	150	125	0	5	0
18 to 64 years	3,000	1,490	1,515	15	5	5
65 years and over	255	130	130	0	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	3.9	3.8	2.7	3.2	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.1	0.0	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	4.1	4.3	3.8	0.0	16.7	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.6	4.6	2.7	1.7	1.9
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.0	5.9	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	107,455	53,455	53,995	1,000	505	500
Official languages	106,865	53,160	53,705	990	500	495
English	106,845	53,155	53,695	990	495	495
French	3,335	1,455	1,880	50	30	20
Non-official languages	11,830	5,730	6,100	120	50	70
Aboriginal languages	60	25	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	40	15	25	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	30	10	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mohawk	30	15	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,770	5,710	6,065	120	50	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	55	25	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	55	25	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	55	40	15	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	20	35	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	15	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	160	40	120	20	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	150	35	115	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	15	10	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	0	15	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,440	5,120	5,320	85	30	50
Albanian	35	0	30	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,315	625	690	50	20	25
Baltic languages	75	45	30	0	0	0
Latvian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	55	35	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,240	585	655	50	20	25
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	135	65	70	0	0	0
Czech	55	35	20	15	10	0
Macedonian	65	25	40	0	0	0
Polish	425	205	220	10	10	10
Russian	110	30	80	10	0	10
Serbian	80	40	40	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	30	10	0	0	0
Slovak	95	60	35	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	10	30	0	0	0
Ukrainian	280	110	175	20	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,800	3,270	3,525	10	0	10
Afrikaans	50	25	30	0	0	0
Danish	40	15	30	0	0	0
Dutch	1,545	795	750	10	0	0
Frisian	110	70	45	0	0	0
German	4,615	2,210	2,405	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	30	10	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	150	205	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	440	240	200	0	0	0
Greek	155	90	60	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	85	60	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	120	60	60	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	40	25	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	65	35	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	30	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	25	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,285	1,250	1,035	20	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	450	250	210	0	0	0
Portuguese	970	510	455	0	0	0
Romanian	80	25	55	0	0	0
Spanish	800	470	330	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	35	40	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	215	90	125	0	0	0
American Sign Language	105	40	60	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	105	45	65	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	80	95	10	0	0
Chinese languages	170	75	95	10	0	0
Cantonese	55	30	25	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	90	40	50	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	25	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lao	15	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	30	15	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	590	265	325	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	550	255	295	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	107,455	53,455	53,995	1,000	505	500
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	105,295	52,335	52,955	960	485	475
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,150	10,880	10,265	165	65	95
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,145	41,460	42,685	795	415	375
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,160	1,115	1,045	40	15	25
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	107,450	53,455	54,000	1,005	505	500
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	96,565	48,045	48,520	925	475	455
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	10,545	5,210	5,330	55	20	35
Before 1981	6,380	3,110	3,275	15	10	0
1981 to 1990	1,395	720	680	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	1,260	610	650	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	1,050	545	500	20	10	10
2001 to 2005	445	220	225	20	10	10
2006 to 2010	600	320	275	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	460	230	225	20	0	10
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	345	200	150	20	10	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	10,540	5,210	5,335	55	20	35
Under 5 years	1,960	930	1,030	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	2,855	1,425	1,435	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	2,420	1,180	1,240	10	10	0
25 to 44 years	2,960	1,495	1,465	40	10	25
45 years and over	345	180	160	10	0	10
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	10,540	5,210	5,330	55	20	35
Americas	2,815	1,325	1,495	15	0	10
Brazil	35	15	20	0	0	0
Colombia	30	10	15	0	10	0
El Salvador	35	20	15	0	0	0
Guyana	15	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	155	90	65	0	0	0
Mexico	1,570	775	795	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	65	40	25	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	650	215	435	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	245	145	105	10	0	0
Europe	6,900	3,470	3,425	15	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10	0	0	0
Croatia	135	70	70	0	0	0
France	30	20	15	0	0	0
Germany	595	320	275	0	0	0
Greece	60	40	20	0	0	0
Hungary	220	110	115	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	65	30	30	0	0	0
Italy	250	145	110	0	0	0
Netherlands	1,300	700	600	0	10	0
Poland	280	115	165	0	0	0
Portugal	640	345	290	0	0	0
Romania	75	30	45	0	0	0
Russian Federation	40	10	35	0	0	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ukraine	60	20	40	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,310	1,100	1,215	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	740	380	360	0	0	0
Africa	170	105	70	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	45	30	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	60	50	0	0	0
Asia	595	265	325	25	10	15
Afghanistan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	115	55	55	10	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	70	35	35	0	10	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	15	0	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	30	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Philippines	150	40	110	15	10	10
Sri Lanka	0	10	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	35	10	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	35	50	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	65	45	15	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	460	230	230	20	10	10
Americas	315	155	160	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	15	15	0	0	0
Mexico	195	95	100	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	60	25	35	0	0	0
Europe	55	45	10	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	80	25	50	20	10	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	10	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Philippines	45	10	35	10	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	107,455	53,455	53,995	1,005	505	495
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	11,155	5,535	5,620	75	30	45
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	20,700	10,290	10,410	170	75	95
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	75,600	37,630	37,965	755	400	355
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	4,350	2,190	2,150	40	15	25
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,740	885	860	20	10	10
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	580	400	180	10	0	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,165	485	680	10	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,020	990	1,030	15	10	15
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	520	290	230	0	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	65	30	35	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	107,455	53,455	53,995	1,000	505	500
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	3,335	1,600	1,740	80	40	40
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	3,240	1,545	1,695	75	40	40
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	2,520	1,205	1,320	35	0	30
Métis	695	330	365	40	30	10
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	85	50	35	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	104,115	51,860	52,255	925	465	455
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	107,450	53,460	53,995	1,000	505	495
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,740	790	955	20	10	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	105,715	52,670	53,040	985	500	485
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	107,450	53,460	53,995	1,005	505	495
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	660	270	390	0	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	660	270	390	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	615	245	365	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	45	25	25	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	3,955	1,975	1,975	90	50	45
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,920	1,950	1,970	95	45	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,285	1,645	1,640	30	10	20
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	635	305	330	60	40	20
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	30	30	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	30	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	102,835	51,210	51,630	910	455	455
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	107,450	53,460	53,995	1,005	505	500
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,250	1,200	1,050	50	20	30
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	330	190	140	10	10	10
Chinese	240	110	130	10	10	10
Black	800	475	325	0	0	0
Filipino	240	65	175	10	0	0
Latin American	190	95	95	15	0	10
Arab	50	35	15	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	135	60	75	10	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	30	30	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	45	45	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	70	50	20	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	65	45	25	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	105,205	52,260	52,950	950	480	470
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	107,455	53,455	53,995	1,005	505	500
North American Aboriginal origins	4,615	2,250	2,365	90	50	40
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,935	1,920	2,015	30	10	20
Inuit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	715	355	360	60	35	25
Other North American origins	36,670	18,140	18,535	320	145	175
Acadian	125	55	70	0	0	0
American	1,170	495	675	50	25	25
Canadian	35,880	17,790	18,095	275	125	155
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	45	35	10	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Québécois	20	10	15	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	86,755	42,885	43,865	825	430	395
British Isles origins	56,765	27,440	29,325	475	250	225
Channel Islander	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	35,980	17,185	18,800	235	115	120
Irish	19,975	9,320	10,660	230	115	115
Manx	50	35	10	0	0	0
Scottish	23,875	11,340	12,535	235	135	100
Welsh	2,085	1,035	1,055	20	15	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,930	1,365	1,560	25	0	25
French origins	8,760	4,320	4,435	200	120	85
Alsatian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	8,745	4,310	4,430	200	120	80
Western European origins (except French origins)	34,550	17,240	17,315	290	160	130
Austrian	610	265	340	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	4,245	2,180	2,070	25	15	10
Dutch	12,410	6,305	6,105	120	65	55
Flemish	165	85	85	0	0	0
Frisian	200	105	100	0	0	0
German	20,055	9,805	10,250	170	85	80
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	315	140	170	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,790	860	925	90	45	50
Danish	520	225	290	0	0	0
Finnish	250	115	135	0	0	0
Icelandic	120	65	60	0	0	0
Norwegian	455	225	230	75	40	35
Swedish	430	185	245	15	0	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	105	65	40	0	0	10
Eastern European origins	13,205	6,485	6,725	295	155	140
Bulgarian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	330	185	140	30	20	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	195	75	125	0	0	0
Estonian	60	30	35	0	0	0
Hungarian	3,675	1,775	1,900	10	10	10
Latvian	105	50	60	0	0	0
Lithuanian	250	110	135	10	0	0
Moldovan	20	0	10	0	0	0
Polish	3,570	1,745	1,820	85	40	45
Romanian	630	290	335	20	10	10
Russian	1,315	640	670	25	10	15
Slovak	485	265	225	10	10	0
Ukrainian	4,320	2,140	2,175	185	105	80
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	40	25	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins	7,045	3,495	3,555	40	15	30
Albanian	40	10	30	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	415	240	175	10	0	0
Cypriot	40	20	20	0	0	0
Greek	340	185	160	0	0	0
Italian	3,600	1,745	1,855	30	10	20
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	85	40	50	0	0	0
Maltese	165	100	65	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,550	800	750	0	0	0
Serbian	195	95	95	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	120	45	75	0	0	0
Spanish	530	270	260	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	280	140	140	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	280	130	150	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	110	55	60	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	15	10	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	115	45	75	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	705	445	260	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	135	85	45	0	0	0
Bermudan	25	10	20	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	20	15	10	0	0	0
Dominican	25	15	15	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	325	220	105	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	60	35	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	75	50	25	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	35	30	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,325	645	685	10	10	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	40	15	25	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Belizean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Chilean	0	10	10	0	0	0
Colombian	30	20	15	10	10	0
Costa Rican	10	0	0	10	0	10
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	25	10	15	0	0	0
Maya	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mexican	975	445	530	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	70	50	20	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	45	25	15	0	0	0
African origins	445	230	215	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	45	25	15	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	35	35	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	35	30	10	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	55	40	20	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
South African	35	20	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	320	145	175	0	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	55	30	25	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	265	110	150	0	0	10
Asian origins	1,525	790	740	40	15	25
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	305	210	95	0	0	0
Afghan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Armenian	70	50	20	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Israeli	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	60	50	10	0	0	0
Palestinian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turk	20	10	10	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	20	10	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	10	0	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	375	220	160	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	280	160	115	10	10	10
Goan	10	15	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	55	35	25	0	0	0
Punjabi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	25	15	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	855	370	485	30	10	20
Burmese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese	365	175	185	0	10	0
Filipino	255	75	175	20	10	15
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	80	40	35	0	0	0
Japanese	35	25	10	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	90	45	45	0	0	0
Laotian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	60	20	45	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	15	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	145	80	65	0	0	0
Australian	110	60	50	0	0	0
New Zealander	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	43,510	...	...	440	...	...
Owner	35,360	...	...	350	...	...
Renter	8,150	...	...	90	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	43,510	...	...	445	...	...
Condominium	1,560	...	...	15	...	...
Not condominium	41,945	...	...	430	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	43,510	...	...	445	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	2,905	...	...	25	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,435	...	...	85	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,455	...	...	175	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,655	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	43,510	...	...	440	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,435	...	...	60	...	...
5 rooms	5,425	...	...	95	...	...
6 rooms	7,380	...	...	65	...	...
7 rooms	7,515	...	...	90	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,755	...	...	130	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	43,510	...	...	445	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,265	...	...	440	...	...
More than 1 person per room	245	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	43,505	...	...	440	...	...
Suitable	42,315	...	...	435	...	...
Not suitable	1,195	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	43,510	...	...	440	...	...
1960 or before	16,465	...	...	80	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,155	...	...	195	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,995	...	...	40	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,590	...	...	65	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,210	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,255	...	...	35	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,845	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	43,510	...	...	440	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	40,645	...	...	405	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,860	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	43,510	...	...	445	...	...
1 household maintainer	24,690	...	...	295	...	...
2 household maintainers	18,270	...	...	125	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	550	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	43,510	...	...	440	...	...
15 to 24 years	755	...	...	30	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,440	...	...	40	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,770	...	...	45	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,480	...	...	105	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,280	...	...	60	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,085	...	...	90	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,155	...	...	55	...	...
85 years and over	1,545	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	41,940	...	...	440	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,525	...	...	370	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,420	...	...	70	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,670	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,940	...	...	345	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.4	...	...	45.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.5	...	...	11.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,003	...	...	735	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,126	...	...	973	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	278,971	...	...	180,038	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	313,599	...	...	199,610	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,050	...	...	90	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.4	...	...	27.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.5	...	...	31.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	832	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	854	...	...	918	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	90,055	44,505	45,550	870	440	430
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,530	10,940	9,590	265	145	125
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	27,730	13,545	14,185	275	165	110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,795	20,020	21,770	330	135	200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,815	6,565	2,250	80	65	15
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,885	2,485	1,400	15	10	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,930	4,080	850	65	55	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	22,325	9,155	13,170	175	55	120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,365	590	770	15	0	20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,290	3,710	5,585	60	15	40
Bachelor's degree	6,985	2,695	4,295	50	10	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	685	275	410	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	170	105	70	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,300	560	740	10	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	150	80	70	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	55,890	27,510	28,380	445	215	235
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,170	4,710	3,455	90	70	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	17,120	8,585	8,535	115	65	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,595	14,210	16,385	245	90	160
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,800	4,390	1,405	40	25	15
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,405	1,575	830	0	0	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,390	2,820	570	30	30	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,270	7,090	10,185	155	50	105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	810	360	450	10	0	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,720	2,375	4,345	45	10	35
Bachelor's degree	5,070	1,760	3,300	40	10	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	490	185	305	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	60	55	0	0	0
Master's degree	955	330	625	0	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	100	35	60	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	90,055	44,505	45,550	875	440	430
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	48,260	24,480	23,780	540	305	230
Education	2,740	580	2,160	40	0	30
13. Education	2,740	575	2,165	40	10	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,035	380	650	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	115	65	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	855	265	590	0	0	0
Humanities	1,640	670	965	0	0	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	100	15	80	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	360	100	265	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	365	95	270	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	80	50	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	200	110	0	0	0
54. History	310	170	140	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	65	0	60	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,940	925	3,020	15	0	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	35	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	310	125	190	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,400	120	1,275	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	560	135	425	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	80	10	70	0	0	0
42. Psychology	540	110	435	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,015	420	595	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	6,905	2,065	4,840	55	0	60
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	890	110	785	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,000	1,945	4,055	60	0	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	800	465	335	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	185	180	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	100	80	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	10	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	160	130	35	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	785	405	375	0	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	520	305	215	0	0	0
25. Library science	100	10	95	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	95	65	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	11,325	10,890	435	105	90	0
04. Architecture and related services	205	160	50	0	0	0
14. Engineering	500	450	50	0	0	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,230	2,060	170	25	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,635	2,570	65	40	35	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,020	3,965	50	30	30	0
48. Precision production	1,740	1,685	55	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,485	1,090	395	10	0	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,200	920	285	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	285	170	115	0	0	0
Health and related fields	7,640	900	6,740	70	15	55
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	640	270	375	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,960	600	6,360	65	15	50
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	35	25	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,485	1,640	1,840	30	10	15
12. Personal and culinary services	1,830	300	1,535	15	0	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	885	630	255	0	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	760	710	55	10	0	0
Other	15	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	55,890	27,510	28,375	450	215	235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	25,290	13,300	11,995	205	130	70
Education	1,690	300	1,390	20	10	20
13. Education	1,685	300	1,390	25	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	785	280	505	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	95	45	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	650	190	460	0	0	0
Humanities	1,130	405	725	0	0	0
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	50	10	40	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	295	80	215	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	270	55	210	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	45	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	110	75	0	0	0
54. History	200	100	100	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	45	0	45	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,970	570	2,405	10	0	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	230	90	140	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,115	55	1,065	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	445	75	370	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	55	0	45	0	0	0
42. Psychology	375	70	305	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	725	275	445	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	5,110	1,380	3,730	55	0	55
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	730	80	650	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,365	1,290	3,080	55	10	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	545	295	250	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	265	130	135	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	65	45	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	10	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	100	70	30	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	40	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	580	310	275	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	440	255	190	0	10	0
25. Library science	60	0	55	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	80	40	35	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,275	7,880	400	70	65	0
04. Architecture and related services	165	115	45	0	0	0
14. Engineering	305	265	45	0	0	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,725	1,570	155	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,920	1,855	65	30	30	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,865	2,820	40	0	0	0
48. Precision production	1,300	1,250	50	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,165	830	340	10	0	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	940	690	250	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	140	85	0	0	0
Health and related fields	5,735	690	5,045	55	10	45
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	500	210	295	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	5,225	475	4,750	55	10	45
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,590	1,265	1,325	20	0	10
12. Personal and culinary services	1,275	215	1,055	15	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	715	490	220	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	600	555	45	0	0	0
Other	15	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	10	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	90,055	44,505	45,555	875	440	430
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,260	24,485	23,775	540	305	235
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	41,800	20,020	21,775	330	135	195
Location of study inside Canada	39,195	18,685	20,505	290	125	165
Same as province or territory of residence	37,825	18,020	19,805	235	115	125
Different than province or territory of residence	1,365	665	705	55	15	40
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,605	1,340	1,270	45	0	35
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	860	350	510	10	0	0
Philippines	100	20	75	20	10	15
India	35	20	20	10	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	580	365	215	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	30	10	15	0	0	0
France	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other	990	560	435	15	0	15
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	55,885	27,510	28,375	450	220	230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,290	13,300	11,990	205	135	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	30,595	14,210	16,385	245	90	160
Location of study inside Canada	29,090	13,600	15,495	205	80	125
Same as province or territory of residence	28,205	13,170	15,030	165	65	95
Different than province or territory of residence	885	425	460	40	15	30
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,500	615	890	35	0	30
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	635	215	425	0	0	0
Philippines	80	15	70	15	10	10
India	35	20	15	0	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	205	115	95	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	20	0	15	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	520	250	270	15	0	15
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	90,055	44,505	45,550	870	440	430
In the labour force	55,740	29,470	26,270	550	305	245
Employed	51,925	27,340	24,580	520	285	235
Unemployed	3,820	2,130	1,690	30	15	15
Not in the labour force	34,315	15,035	19,280	320	140	180
Participation rate	61.9	66.2	57.7	63.2	69.3	57.0
Employment rate	57.7	61.4	54.0	59.8	64.8	54.7
Unemployment rate	6.9	7.2	6.4	5.5	4.9	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	90,055	44,505	45,550	870	440	430
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	31,515	13,800	17,715	240	95	150
Worked	58,540	30,700	27,840	630	345	285
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	30,255	17,730	12,530	255	140	110
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	28,285	12,975	15,315	375	205	175
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.4	42.5	40.7	41.5	39.6
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	55,740	29,470	26,270	550	305	250
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,000	545	460	0	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	54,735	28,925	25,810	550	305	250
Employee	47,580	24,460	23,120	460	235	220
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	7,155	4,470	2,690	90	60	25
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	55,740	29,470	26,265	545	305	250
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,000	545	460	0	0	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	54,740	28,925	25,810	550	300	250
0 Management occupations	5,775	3,730	2,050	90	50	35
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,730	1,520	5,210	55	0	55
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,795	1,400	400	10	0	10
3 Health occupations	3,770	375	3,390	40	15	30
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,980	1,280	3,700	45	15	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	885	270	620	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	11,625	4,220	7,405	95	25	70
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,940	11,120	820	95	90	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,790	1,885	905	65	65	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,445	3,135	1,315	55	50	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	55,740	29,470	26,270	550	300	250
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,005	540	460	0	0	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	54,740	28,925	25,810	550	300	250
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,410	2,745	1,670	70	45	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	230	210	20	65	55	10
22 Utilities	510	385	125	25	10	10
23 Construction	5,105	4,520	590	45	35	15
31-33 Manufacturing	7,990	6,070	1,920	10	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	2,340	1,735	605	15	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	6,295	2,740	3,560	35	10	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,825	2,075	755	35	35	10
51 Information and cultural industries	585	280	310	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,295	400	900	20	0	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	575	350	230	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,905	835	1,065	10	10	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	30	10	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,190	1,250	935	20	15	0
61 Educational services	3,010	700	2,310	25	0	25
62 Health care and social assistance	6,410	660	5,745	70	15	55
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	980	415	570	0	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	3,345	1,065	2,280	40	0	35
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,495	1,345	1,145	20	10	10
91 Public administration	2,190	1,120	1,080	35	30	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	51,920	27,340	24,580	520	280	235
Worked at home	4,670	2,350	2,320	45	25	15
Worked outside Canada	135	100	30	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	6,570	4,990	1,585	85	65	20
Worked at usual place	40,545	19,900	20,650	390	190	205
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	40,545	19,900	20,650	395	195	205
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,880	9,040	11,845	50	10	40
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,665	1,570	1,095	335	175	155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	16,900	9,250	7,645	0	10	10
Commute to a different province or territory	100	45	55	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	47,120	24,890	22,230	475	255	220
Car, truck, van - as a driver	40,900	21,965	18,935	430	250	180
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,990	1,520	1,470	20	10	15
Public transit	290	95	190	0	0	0
Walked	2,400	985	1,420	30	10	30
Bicycle	140	115	25	0	0	0
Other method	395	210	180	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	47,115	24,890	22,230	480	255	220
Less than 15 minutes	14,765	6,690	8,070	275	120	155
15 to 29 minutes	13,650	6,735	6,915	95	65	30
30 to 44 minutes	9,050	4,955	4,095	25	20	0
45 to 59 minutes	4,640	2,865	1,775	25	15	10
60 minutes and over	5,015	3,640	1,375	55	35	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	47,115	24,885	22,230	475	255	220
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,765	4,195	1,565	30	20	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,980	6,590	3,385	75	60	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,480	5,750	5,730	190	115	75
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,165	2,635	5,525	125	40	85
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,450	1,130	2,325	35	15	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,290	4,590	3,695	25	10	15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	59,995	31,360	28,630	645	345	295
Single responses	59,825	31,285	28,540	645	350	295
Official languages	59,570	31,130	28,435	635	345	290
English	59,465	31,115	28,350	635	345	290
French	100	20	80	0	0	0
Non-official languages	255	150	105	10	0	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250	150	100	10	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	190	105	85	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	155	85	75	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	10	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	110	60	45	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	15	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	35	10	10	0	10
Chinese languages	45	30	15	10	0	10
Cantonese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	15	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	165	75	90	0	0	0
English and French	45	20	25	0	0	0
English and non-official language	120	55	70	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	59,995	31,360	28,630	640	345	295
None	58,740	30,770	27,975	630	340	290
English	175	65	110	0	0	0
French	285	100	185	0	10	10
Non-official language	765	405	360	0	0	0
Aboriginal	25	0	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	740	405	340	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	106,340	52,880	53,460	995	500	495
Non-movers	96,455	48,110	48,345	915	460	455
Movers	9,890	4,765	5,120	80	45	40
Non-migrants	4,350	2,160	2,190	35	20	20
Migrants	5,540	2,610	2,930	40	25	20
Internal migrants	5,190	2,460	2,735	45	25	15
Intraprovincial migrants	4,945	2,325	2,620	40	20	15
Interprovincial migrants	250	130	115	10	10	0
External migrants	350	150	195	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	101,835	50,590	51,245	975	485	490
Non-movers	71,915	35,805	36,115	610	290	325
Movers	29,915	14,785	15,135	365	205	160
Non-migrants	14,715	7,345	7,370	120	60	55
Migrants	15,210	7,440	7,770	245	135	105
Internal migrants	14,645	7,165	7,480	220	125	95
Intraprovincial migrants	13,950	6,855	7,100	155	85	70
Interprovincial migrants	690	310	380	60	45	25
External migrants	560	275	290	20	10	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Haldimand--Norfolk [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Spirit River, T [Census subdivision], Alberta (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Haldimand--Norfolk [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Spirit River, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta

Census Profile, 2016 Census Haldimand--Norfolk [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Spirit River, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Haldimand--Norfolk [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Spirit River, Town [Census subdivision], Alberta