Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lambton--Kent--Middlesex [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Shediac [Population centre], New Brunswick

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Lambton--Kent--Middlesex Ontario [Federal electoral district]			Shediac New Brunswick [Population centre]
	Data quality , Lambton--Kent--Middlesex [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : Lambton--Kent--Middlesex [Federal electoral district], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Shediac [Population centre], New Brunswick Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	105,331	...	...	7,184	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	105,919	...	...	6,561^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.6	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	45,783	...	...	3,930	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	41,600	...	...	3,213	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	21.4	...	...	628.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,920.98	...	...	11.43	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	105,335	52,390	52,945	7,190	3,345	3,840
0 to 14 years	18,245	9,375	8,875	830	410	420
0 to 4 years	5,640	2,880	2,760	265	135	130
5 to 9 years	6,310	3,260	3,050	280	130	145
10 to 14 years	6,295	3,235	3,065	285	140	145
15 to 64 years	66,275	33,280	33,000	4,230	2,025	2,205
15 to 19 years	6,510	3,360	3,145	280	160	120
20 to 24 years	5,800	3,025	2,775	295	160	140
25 to 29 years	4,930	2,525	2,405	285	145	140
30 to 34 years	5,365	2,630	2,730	350	165	185
35 to 39 years	5,680	2,835	2,845	390	185	205
40 to 44 years	6,070	2,985	3,090	445	210	230
45 to 49 years	6,650	3,300	3,350	435	205	230
50 to 54 years	8,490	4,190	4,300	515	230	280
55 to 59 years	8,840	4,405	4,435	590	270	320
60 to 64 years	7,945	4,020	3,925	645	290	355
65 years and over	20,805	9,740	11,070	2,125	915	1,215
65 to 69 years	6,865	3,395	3,475	645	300	345
70 to 74 years	5,215	2,575	2,645	500	240	260
75 to 79 years	3,640	1,745	1,895	350	165	185
80 to 84 years	2,490	1,140	1,355	295	105	190
85 years and over	2,595	890	1,705	340	110	230
85 to 89 years	1,625	635	995	180	65	110
90 to 94 years	765	215	550	115	35	80
95 to 99 years	185	35	145	45	10	35
100 years and over	20	5	15	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.3	17.9	16.8	11.5	12.3	10.9
15 to 64 years	62.9	63.5	62.3	58.8	60.5	57.4
65 years and over	19.8	18.6	20.9	29.6	27.4	31.6
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	4.7	3.3	6.0
Average age of the population	42.6	41.8	43.5	49.3	47.5	50.9
Median age of the population	45.0	44.1	45.9	52.9	50.7	54.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	41,600	...	...	3,215	...	...
Single-detached house	35,675	...	...	1,910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130	...	...	135	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	5,410	...	...	1,040	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,145	...	...	190	...	...
Row house	985	...	...	70	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	405	...	...	95	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,755	...	...	675	...	...
Other single-attached house	125	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	380	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	41,600	...	...	3,215	...	...
1 person	10,065	...	...	1,050	...	...
2 persons	16,245	...	...	1,325	...	...
3 persons	5,785	...	...	435	...	...
4 persons	5,935	...	...	300	...	...
5 or more persons	3,570	...	...	105	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,345	...	...	6,760	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	87,085	43,015	44,065	6,360	2,935	3,415
Married or living common law	55,400	27,710	27,690	3,615	1,815	1,800
Married	47,975	24,000	23,975	2,890	1,465	1,430
Living common law	7,425	3,710	3,715	725	350	375
Not married and not living common law	31,685	15,310	16,375	2,735	1,120	1,615
Never married	19,355	10,840	8,520	1,350	725	625
Separated	2,470	1,200	1,270	265	90	170
Divorced	4,145	2,035	2,105	445	165	280
Widowed	5,715	1,240	4,480	670	130	545
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	31,255	...	...	2,065	...	...
2 persons	16,765	...	...	1,335	...	...
3 persons	5,690	...	...	395	...	...
4 persons	5,725	...	...	275	...	...
5 or more persons	3,070	...	...	60	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	31,250	...	...	2,065	...	...
Total couple families	27,290	...	...	1,730	...	...
Married couples	23,580	...	...	1,365	...	...
Common-law couples	3,710	...	...	365	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	3,960	...	...	340	...	...
Female parent	2,970	...	...	280	...	...
Male parent	990	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	27,295	...	...	1,730	...	...
Couples without children	14,445	...	...	1,120	...	...
Couples with children	12,845	...	...	610	...	...
1 child	4,555	...	...	300	...	...
2 children	5,355	...	...	250	...	...
3 or more children	2,935	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	3,960	...	...	340	...	...
1 child	2,320	...	...	215	...	...
2 children	1,130	...	...	95	...	...
3 or more children	505	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,100	6,450	6,655	1,495	625	875
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	41,600	...	...	3,210	...	...
One-census-family households	30,285	...	...	1,990	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	14,075	...	...	1,085	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	16,205	...	...	905	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	480	...	...	35	...	...
Non-census-family households	10,840	...	...	1,190	...	...
One-person households	10,065	...	...	1,050	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	775	...	...	135	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	104,140	51,945	52,195	6,805	3,210	3,590
English only	98,725	49,535	49,185	1,475	740	730
French only	35	10	20	385	160	225
English and French	4,945	2,210	2,735	4,930	2,300	2,630
Neither English nor French	445	190	255	25	20	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	104,145	51,945	52,200	6,810	3,215	3,590
English	102,485	51,120	51,360	2,150	1,065	1,090
French	1,170	620	550	4,580	2,105	2,475
English and French	65	30	35	55	30	25
Neither English nor French	430	180	250	20	15	5
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,205	630	570	4,605	2,120	2,490
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.2	1.2	1.1	67.6	65.9	69.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	104,140	51,945	52,195	6,810	3,215	3,595
Single responses	103,415	51,620	51,795	6,630	3,115	3,515
Official languages	95,490	47,735	47,755	6,430	3,015	3,415
English	94,165	47,040	47,120	1,905	940	960
French	1,330	700	630	4,530	2,070	2,455
Non-official languages	7,920	3,885	4,040	195	100	95
Aboriginal languages	115	55	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	105	50	60	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	100	45	55	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	100	45	55	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,805	3,830	3,975	195	100	100
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	45	40	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	80	40	40	5	5	5
Amharic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	30	20	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	20	5	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	5	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	5	5	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	30	60	95	45	50
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	5	5	5	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	25	45	90	45	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,100	3,505	3,595	65	45	30
Albanian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	860	400	465	5	0	5
Baltic languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Latvian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	835	385	450	5	0	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	80	35	40	0	0	5
Czech	80	40	45	0	0	0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	355	165	190	5	0	0
Russian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Serbian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	75	30	45	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	85	40	45	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	4,170	2,060	2,105	15	5	5
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	25	20	10	5	0	5
Dutch	2,110	1,025	1,085	0	0	0
Frisian	45	25	25	0	0	0
German	1,800	910	890	10	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	130	75	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	105	55	50	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	35	15	20	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	20	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	20	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,850	930	925	55	35	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	235	135	95	0	5	5
Portuguese	1,385	675	710	0	0	0
Romanian	45	20	25	5	5	0
Spanish	185	95	95	45	35	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5	5	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	40	45	5	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	50	55	10	5	0
Chinese languages	105	45	55	5	5	5
Cantonese	45	20	20	5	5	5
Hakka	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	20	20	0	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	5	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	230	110	120	0	0	5
Estonian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	15	0	10	5	0	0
Hungarian	210	105	105	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	730	325	400	180	100	80
English and French	205	90	115	150	90	65
English and non-official language	500	220	275	30	10	15
French and non-official language	15	5	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	104,140	51,945	52,200	6,810	3,215	3,590
Single responses	103,095	51,455	51,635	6,605	3,115	3,480
Official languages	100,700	50,260	50,440	6,470	3,045	3,420
English	100,420	50,125	50,290	2,310	1,140	1,170
French	280	130	150	4,160	1,910	2,250
Non-official languages	2,400	1,200	1,195	135	70	65
Aboriginal languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	5	5	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,385	1,195	1,185	135	70	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	5	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	10	5	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	5	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	20	15	70	35	35
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	10	70	35	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	10	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,085	1,035	1,050	45	30	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	165	90	80	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	170	90	80	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	75	45	40	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,145	580	565	5	5	5
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	170	75	85	0	0	0
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0
German	925	470	450	0	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	35	30	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	55	30	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	0	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	690	325	365	35	30	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	50	20	25	0	0	0
Portuguese	550	245	305	0	0	0
Romanian	10	10	5	0	0	0
Spanish	85	45	30	40	30	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	35	40	5	0	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	30	15	0	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	25	5	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	30	5	5	0
Chinese languages	60	25	30	5	5	0
Cantonese	30	10	15	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	10	10	5	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	20	25	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,050	490	560	205	95	110
English and French	85	45	40	160	75	85
English and non-official language	950	435	510	45	20	20
French and non-official language	5	5	0	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	5	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	104,140	51,945	52,200	6,805	3,215	3,595
None	99,365	49,675	49,685	4,940	2,365	2,570
English	1,145	585	560	1,300	580	715
French	1,000	440	555	525	250	275
Non-official language	2,600	1,220	1,380	45	15	30
Aboriginal	250	95	150	5	5	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,350	1,120	1,230	40	15	30
English and French	5	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	15	15	0	0	5
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	85,125	42,260	42,865	5,935	2,785	3,155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	82,340	40,970	41,370	5,825	2,720	3,105
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,336	41,525	28,302	30,912	36,884	26,854
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	82,365	40,965	41,395	5,825	2,720	3,105
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,177	37,047	26,053	27,716	32,419	24,485
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	74,820	37,920	36,900	5,050	2,435	2,620
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,414	39,566	24,326	27,277	33,056	23,296
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	59,675	27,480	32,200	4,405	1,865	2,545
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,204	6,812	7,423	9,968	11,337	9,197
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	61,505	32,615	28,895	3,895	1,935	1,960
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,628	38,235	26,105	27,430	31,280	24,523
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	85,105	42,235	42,870	5,905	2,770	3,135
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	82,325	40,865	41,455	5,775	2,710	3,065
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,022	51,860	36,296	38,924	45,394	33,202
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	82,355	40,870	41,490	5,770	2,710	3,060
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,976	42,636	31,401	32,946	37,875	28,589
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	74,875	37,895	36,985	4,980	2,370	2,605
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,618	49,975	33,055	36,487	43,388	30,203
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	59,715	27,615	32,095	4,370	1,870	2,505
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,505	8,171	8,793	9,830	10,694	9,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	61,495	32,470	29,025	3,885	1,890	2,000
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,355	46,997	32,924	36,171	40,994	31,611
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	85,105	42,230	42,870	5,905	2,770	3,135
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	30,145	17,695	12,445	1,740	835	905
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,043	55,309	43,779	48,114	52,704	43,076
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	58,690	64,820	49,975	52,755	59,161	46,858
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	86.1	89.5	81.3	81.0	84.3	76.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.8	72.2	63.9	61.7	63.1	60.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	13.9	10.5	18.7	19.0	15.6	23.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	85,125	42,260	42,865	5,935	2,785	3,155
Without total income	2,785	1,295	1,495	110	60	50
With total income	82,340	40,970	41,375	5,825	2,720	3,100
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.9	96.5	98.1	97.7	98.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,800	4,485	6,315	630	275	355
$10,000 to $19,999	13,875	5,435	8,435	1,095	380	720
$20,000 to $29,999	12,000	5,070	6,930	1,110	455	650
$30,000 to $39,999	10,175	4,715	5,465	825	380	445
$40,000 to $49,999	9,205	4,775	4,430	600	310	295
$50,000 to $59,999	7,020	3,950	3,070	520	285	240
$60,000 to $69,999	5,185	3,205	1,980	320	185	130
$70,000 to $79,999	3,600	2,260	1,340	235	130	105
$80,000 to $89,999	2,670	1,705	965	170	90	80
$90,000 to $99,999	2,435	1,415	1,020	85	60	30
$100,000 and over	5,375	3,955	1,425	235	175	55
$100,000 to $149,999	3,835	2,755	1,080	175	125	45
$150,000 and over	1,545	1,195	345	60	50	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	85,125	42,260	42,865	5,935	2,780	3,155
Without after-tax income	2,755	1,290	1,470	105	60	50
With after-tax income	82,370	40,965	41,395	5,830	2,720	3,105
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	96.9	96.6	98.2	97.8	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,255	4,625	6,630	685	285	400
$10,000 to $19,999	14,475	5,690	8,775	1,155	405	750
$20,000 to $29,999	13,955	5,970	7,985	1,320	570	750
$30,000 to $39,999	12,245	6,035	6,210	925	450	475
$40,000 to $49,999	10,150	5,540	4,615	710	385	325
$50,000 to $59,999	6,925	4,255	2,675	430	250	180
$60,000 to $69,999	4,480	2,820	1,665	275	140	135
$70,000 to $79,999	3,390	2,065	1,320	115	75	40
$80,000 and over	5,490	3,960	1,525	210	165	50
$80,000 to $89,999	2,030	1,360	670	65	50	15
$90,000 to $99,999	1,105	800	305	40	35	10
$100,000 and over	2,355	1,795	555	105	80	25
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	85,125	42,260	42,865	5,935	2,785	3,150
Without employment income	23,620	9,645	13,970	2,045	850	1,195
With employment income	61,505	32,610	28,895	3,890	1,935	1,955
Percentage with employment income	72.3	77.2	67.4	65.5	69.5	62.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,905	5,100	4,810	490	245	245
$5,000 to $9,999	5,240	2,245	2,990	365	170	190
$10,000 to $19,999	7,855	3,520	4,340	660	305	355
$20,000 to $29,999	6,640	2,985	3,655	555	225	330
$30,000 to $39,999	6,700	3,055	3,640	415	200	210
$40,000 to $49,999	6,065	3,230	2,830	375	190	190
$50,000 to $59,999	4,845	2,840	2,005	315	170	140
$60,000 to $69,999	3,540	2,265	1,275	200	120	85
$70,000 to $79,999	2,585	1,690	895	190	90	100
$80,000 and over	8,135	5,680	2,455	335	230	105
$80,000 to $89,999	2,095	1,350	745	120	65	60
$90,000 to $99,999	2,045	1,205	845	65	50	20
$100,000 and over	3,995	3,130	865	145	120	30
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	41,600	...	...	3,210	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,912	...	...	57,189	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,008	...	...	50,580	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	10,065	...	...	1,050	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,034	...	...	27,712	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,406	...	...	25,088	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	31,535	...	...	2,165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,418	...	...	74,688	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	75,677	...	...	65,488	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	41,585	...	...	3,185	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	87,150	...	...	70,489	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	73,232	...	...	59,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,040	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,852	...	...	35,229	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,256	...	...	30,138	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	31,540	...	...	2,150	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,252	...	...	87,476	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,003	...	...	73,889	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	41,600	...	...	3,210	...	...
Under $5,000	485	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	410	...	...	65	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,050	...	...	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,400	...	...	200	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,865	...	...	200	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,495	...	...	175	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,875	...	...	190	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,925	...	...	175	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,885	...	...	145	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,785	...	...	150	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,280	...	...	295	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,085	...	...	240	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,805	...	...	215	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,770	...	...	180	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,360	...	...	145	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,145	...	...	745	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,760	...	...	335	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,065	...	...	175	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,195	...	...	150	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,125	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	41,600	...	...	3,215	...	...
Under $5,000	545	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	435	...	...	70	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,060	...	...	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,460	...	...	205	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,065	...	...	240	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,690	...	...	185	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,170	...	...	220	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,190	...	...	195	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,235	...	...	175	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,045	...	...	195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,900	...	...	330	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,575	...	...	280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,325	...	...	210	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,930	...	...	190	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,490	...	...	165	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,490	...	...	450	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,340	...	...	235	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,420	...	...	115	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,730	...	...	110	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	31,030	...	...	2,065	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,338	...	...	75,104	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	75,588	...	...	65,920	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	13,840	...	...	1,055	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,387	...	...	69,888	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,715	...	...	61,056	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	12,970	...	...	615	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,982	...	...	109,568	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,265	...	...	91,989	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,670	...	...	320	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,391	...	...	47,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,461	...	...	43,264	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	31,065	...	...	2,025	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,215	...	...	88,154	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,914	...	...	74,254	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	13,890	...	...	1,055	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,711	...	...	79,472	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,376	...	...	66,998	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	12,945	...	...	625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	126,218	...	...	115,677	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,803	...	...	95,674	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,700	...	...	285	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	59,705	...	...	59,247	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,983	...	...	52,484	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	11,655	5,785	5,870	1,340	565	780
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,805	34,840	27,867	26,283	27,840	25,131
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,374	31,337	25,900	24,277	25,088	23,467
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	11,660	5,785	5,875	1,390	595	795
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,182	44,046	38,359	33,005	36,694	30,244
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,970	36,893	33,075	28,466	31,044	26,537
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	103,345	51,615	51,730	6,765	3,190	3,575
In the bottom half of the distribution	50,735	24,745	25,990	3,845	1,730	2,120
In the bottom decile	8,025	3,920	4,100	595	260	330
In the second decile	10,200	4,640	5,560	935	395	540
In the third decile	10,825	5,270	5,550	770	350	415
In the fourth decile	10,665	5,370	5,300	825	380	445
In the fifth decile	11,020	5,545	5,480	725	340	390
In the top half of the distribution	52,610	26,875	25,735	2,920	1,465	1,455
In the sixth decile	11,510	5,845	5,665	775	370	400
In the seventh decile	11,145	5,675	5,470	665	345	320
In the eighth decile	11,225	5,740	5,480	665	335	335
In the ninth decile	10,515	5,370	5,145	540	270	270
In the top decile	8,215	4,245	3,970	275	140	135
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	100,595	50,260	50,335	6,765	3,190	3,575
0 to 17 years	21,400	10,995	10,405	990	495	500
0 to 5 years	6,640	3,380	3,260	310	160	150
18 to 64 years	60,215	30,155	30,060	4,010	1,900	2,110
65 years and over	18,985	9,115	9,865	1,765	795	970
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,825	5,510	6,315	1,040	425	615
0 to 17 years	3,105	1,595	1,510	170	90	80
0 to 5 years	1,070	530	540	55	25	25
18 to 64 years	6,475	3,060	3,415	500	210	290
65 years and over	2,245	850	1,390	365	120	245
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	11.0	12.5	15.4	13.3	17.2
0 to 17 years (%)	14.5	14.5	14.5	17.2	18.2	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.1	15.7	16.6	17.7	15.6	16.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.8	10.1	11.4	12.5	11.1	13.7
65 years and over (%)	11.8	9.3	14.1	20.7	15.1	25.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,760	1,895	1,865	390	180	205
0 to 17 years	825	430	400	70	35	35
0 to 5 years	290	160	135	15	10	5
18 to 64 years	2,635	1,340	1,295	275	130	145
65 years and over	290	125	170	40	10	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.8	3.7	5.8	5.6	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	3.9	3.9	3.8	7.1	7.1	7.0
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4	4.7	4.1	4.8	6.3	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	4.4	4.3	6.9	6.8	6.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.7	2.3	1.3	3.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	103,370	51,580	51,785	6,700	3,170	3,525
Official languages	102,895	51,380	51,515	6,680	3,165	3,515
English	102,860	51,370	51,495	6,360	3,010	3,345
French	4,925	2,145	2,775	5,205	2,455	2,750
Non-official languages	10,145	4,875	5,270	295	140	155
Aboriginal languages	515	215	300	10	10	0
Algonquian languages	500	215	285	10	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	480	205	280	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	475	205	275	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	15	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,645	4,660	4,980	290	135	155
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	80	65	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	145	80	65	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	115	75	40	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	10	0	0	0
Maltese	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	30	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	15	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	20	30	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	15	80	145	55	85
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	10	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	10	60	135	55	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,605	4,205	4,395	130	70	55
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,095	540	550	0	0	0
Baltic languages	55	30	25	0	0	0
Latvian	35	10	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,040	515	525	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	105	50	55	0	0	0
Czech	90	50	45	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Polish	445	215	230	0	0	0
Russian	85	30	55	0	0	0
Serbian	40	25	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovak	85	35	50	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	70	35	30	0	0	0
Ukrainian	115	60	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	4,500	2,205	2,295	35	30	10
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0	0	0
Danish	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dutch	2,180	1,010	1,175	0	0	0
Frisian	35	15	20	0	0	0
German	2,040	1,060	985	20	25	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	20	10	15	10	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	200	105	90	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	130	55	75	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	110	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	100	55	45	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	35	25	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	45	20	25	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,895	1,435	1,460	95	50	50
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	345	185	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,875	895	980	10	0	0
Romanian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Spanish	690	350	340	85	40	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	90	40	50	20	10	15
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	155	70	85	10	10	0
American Sign Language	45	20	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	115	50	60	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	75	80	0	10	0
Chinese languages	155	75	85	0	0	0
Cantonese	50	20	30	0	0	0
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	85	45	40	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Lao	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	300	130	175	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	280	125	160	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	103,370	51,585	51,785	6,700	3,170	3,525
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	101,420	50,665	50,755	6,480	3,085	3,390
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,965	11,300	10,670	925	470	450
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,450	39,370	40,080	5,555	2,615	2,940
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,950	920	1,030	220	85	135
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	103,365	51,585	51,785	6,700	3,175	3,530
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	93,555	46,815	46,740	6,350	3,025	3,325
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	9,445	4,565	4,875	255	110	145
Before 1981	6,160	2,970	3,190	90	50	45
1981 to 1990	1,165	585	580	20	15	0
1991 to 2000	885	465	420	20	10	10
2001 to 2010	860	375	490	25	10	20
2001 to 2005	455	175	280	25	0	20
2006 to 2010	405	195	210	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	365	170	195	100	30	65
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	370	205	170	90	40	55
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	9,440	4,565	4,880	260	115	150
Under 5 years	1,530	775	760	55	10	45
5 to 14 years	2,570	1,215	1,355	70	30	40
15 to 24 years	2,480	1,185	1,295	30	20	15
25 to 44 years	2,545	1,230	1,315	90	40	50
45 years and over	315	155	155	15	10	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,440	4,565	4,875	260	115	145
Americas	1,630	740	890	85	30	55
Brazil	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	25	10	15	10	0	15
El Salvador	30	20	10	0	10	0
Guyana	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jamaica	90	50	40	0	0	0
Mexico	505	265	240	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	30	15	15	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	790	315	475	60	20	40
Other places of birth in Americas	130	45	80	10	0	10
Europe	7,060	3,495	3,560	80	45	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0	0	0
Croatia	85	35	45	0	0	0
France	40	15	25	15	10	0
Germany	445	220	225	20	15	10
Greece	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungary	150	45	105	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	90	50	40	10	0	0
Italy	130	70	60	0	0	0
Netherlands	1,885	965	920	0	0	0
Poland	280	125	155	0	0	0
Portugal	1,210	595	615	10	0	0
Romania	55	30	25	0	0	0
Russian Federation	35	20	20	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	40	25	15	0	0	0
Ukraine	45	10	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,865	950	920	30	10	15
Other places of birth in Europe	645	315	330	10	0	10
Africa	100	45	50	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	0	10	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	10	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	25	0	0	0
Asia	605	255	355	90	35	55
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	95	25	75	0	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	30	10	20	0	0	0
India	80	45	35	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	25	10	15	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	75	40	40	15	0	10
Lebanon	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Philippines	60	15	45	70	30	40
Sri Lanka	10	10	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam	40	15	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	95	50	50	10	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	50	30	20	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	370	170	200	100	35	65
Americas	205	95	110	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	15	10	0	0	0
Mexico	105	45	65	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	45	15	30	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	10	0	0	0
Europe	95	50	45	10	0	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	55	35	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	65	30	40	80	35	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lebanon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	25	0	20	0	0	0
Philippines	15	10	10	70	30	40
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	103,365	51,585	51,785	6,700	3,175	3,530
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	10,290	5,005	5,285	390	160	225
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	17,710	8,955	8,760	330	160	165
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	75,365	37,625	37,740	5,985	2,845	3,135
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	3,370	1,660	1,715	170	70	105
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,490	800	690	115	50	65
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	565	440	120	55	40	20
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	930	360	570	60	15	45
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,435	640	790	45	10	35
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	415	205	205	10	10	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	40	15	25	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	103,365	51,580	51,785	6,695	3,170	3,525
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	5,440	2,650	2,785	145	70	70
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	5,370	2,635	2,740	140	75	70
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	4,260	2,070	2,190	45	20	25
Métis	1,090	550	540	95	50	45
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	30	10	15	10	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	40	10	35	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	97,925	48,925	49,000	6,555	3,105	3,455
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	103,365	51,580	51,785	6,700	3,170	3,525
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	3,870	1,825	2,045	30	15	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	99,495	49,755	49,735	6,670	3,155	3,510
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	103,365	51,585	51,785	6,700	3,175	3,525
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,085	1,505	1,575	45	25	15
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	3,080	1,505	1,575	40	30	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,955	1,445	1,505	30	15	10
Métis single ancestry	115	60	60	10	10	0
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	3,335	1,605	1,725	240	120	120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,295	1,580	1,710	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,295	1,030	1,265	155	70	85
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	985	545	440	60	35	30
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	45	25	20	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	25	10	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	96,945	48,465	48,480	6,415	3,025	3,385
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	103,370	51,585	51,785	6,695	3,175	3,525
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,160	1,115	1,040	270	100	170
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	195	110	85	0	0	0
Chinese	215	95	125	10	0	10
Black	710	420	290	50	20	30
Filipino	135	50	80	140	55	85
Latin American	175	110	65	40	20	25
Arab	105	70	40	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	225	90	130	10	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Korean	125	60	65	25	10	15
Japanese	40	15	20	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	95	40	55	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	125	45	80	10	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	101,205	50,465	50,740	6,430	3,080	3,355
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	103,370	51,585	51,785	6,700	3,175	3,525
North American Aboriginal origins	6,420	3,115	3,300	280	150	140
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,305	2,505	2,800	210	95	110
Inuit	20	10	10	0	0	0
Métis	1,145	630	520	95	55	40
Other North American origins	35,355	17,635	17,720	4,805	2,275	2,525
Acadian	75	50	25	780	420	365
American	1,375	595	775	10	10	10
Canadian	34,470	17,280	17,190	4,335	2,020	2,320
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	35	10	25	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0	10	0
Ontarian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Québécois	35	20	10	10	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	10	10	0	0	0
European origins	81,145	40,465	40,685	3,365	1,630	1,730
British Isles origins	55,425	27,050	28,375	1,620	755	870
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	33,270	15,855	17,410	885	375	505
Irish	21,865	10,335	11,530	685	315	370
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	25,755	12,660	13,095	425	215	210
Welsh	2,140	1,095	1,045	30	15	15
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,750	1,230	1,520	65	20	45
French origins	12,225	5,950	6,275	2,270	1,125	1,145
Alsatian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	12,210	5,945	6,265	2,270	1,125	1,150
Western European origins (except French origins)	30,145	15,455	14,685	245	125	120
Austrian	295	155	140	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	3,455	1,810	1,645	25	15	10
Dutch	15,560	7,995	7,565	40	15	20
Flemish	145	85	60	0	0	0
Frisian	100	65	35	0	0	0
German	12,895	6,475	6,415	200	100	100
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	415	260	155	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,645	775	875	80	30	55
Danish	510	230	280	15	10	15
Finnish	255	110	150	10	10	10
Icelandic	85	25	60	0	0	0
Norwegian	335	190	145	20	10	15
Swedish	385	195	190	30	15	20
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	115	55	65	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	7,595	3,885	3,715	35	25	10
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Czech	555	290	260	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	295	130	165	10	0	0
Estonian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,615	820	795	0	0	0
Latvian	65	25	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	170	100	70	10	10	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,345	1,145	1,200	0	10	0
Romanian	295	175	120	0	0	0
Russian	770	390	385	15	10	10
Slovak	515	290	230	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,755	910	840	10	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	20	15	0	0	0
Southern European origins	7,580	3,760	3,815	125	70	60
Albanian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	0	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	395	175	220	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	355	175	175	10	0	10
Italian	2,645	1,285	1,360	85	50	40
Kosovar	10	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	35	10	25	0	0	0
Maltese	210	85	120	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	3,280	1,705	1,575	10	10	0
Serbian	115	50	70	0	0	0
Sicilian	40	15	30	0	0	0
Slovenian	255	130	125	0	0	0
Spanish	360	195	160	35	20	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	215	85	130	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	210	120	90	10	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	65	40	25	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	0	10	0	10	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	140	85	60	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	500	275	220	20	10	15
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	15	0	20	10	0	0
Dominican	20	15	0	0	0	10
Grenadian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	15	10	0	0	0	10
Jamaican	255	160	95	10	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	20	0	15	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	35	50	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	30	20	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	740	430	310	30	10	20
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	10	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belizean	35	20	10	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	15	10	10	0	0	0
Colombian	45	20	25	15	0	15
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	35	15	20	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maya	15	15	0	0	0	0
Mexican	460	275	185	20	10	10
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Salvadorean	65	40	25	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	340	185	155	20	10	15
Central and West African origins	15	20	0	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	30	15	15	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	30	10	20	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	15	0	10	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	265	135	125	20	10	15
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	50	15	30	10	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	210	120	100	10	0	10
Asian origins	1,540	755	785	210	75	135
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	385	220	165	25	15	15
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	55	40	20	0	0	0
Armenian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Assyrian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	25	15	10	0	10	0
Iraqi	20	10	15	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	140	90	50	15	0	10
Palestinian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	45	15	30	10	0	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	10	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	295	155	140	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	235	135	100	10	10	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	50	20	30	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	855	370	480	180	60	120
Burmese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Chinese	300	125	175	0	0	10
Filipino	175	70	105	145	55	85
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	10	15	10	0	10
Japanese	60	25	35	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	135	60	70	20	10	20
Laotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	15	10	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	120	35	85	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	25	15	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	25	15	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	100	60	40	0	0	0
Australian	85	55	25	0	0	0
New Zealander	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	41,580	...	...	3,190	...	...
Owner	33,625	...	...	2,025	...	...
Renter	7,895	...	...	1,160	...	...
Band housing	70	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	41,585	...	...	3,185	...	...
Condominium	845	...	...	100	...	...
Not condominium	40,735	...	...	3,085	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	41,585	...	...	3,190	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	2,365	...	...	405	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,440	...	...	1,130	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,835	...	...	1,000	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,920	...	...	645	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	41,585	...	...	3,190	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,360	...	...	980	...	...
5 rooms	4,890	...	...	545	...	...
6 rooms	6,635	...	...	455	...	...
7 rooms	7,275	...	...	445	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,425	...	...	770	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.4	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	41,585	...	...	3,185	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,385	...	...	3,180	...	...
More than 1 person per room	200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	41,585	...	...	3,190	...	...
Suitable	40,465	...	...	3,105	...	...
Not suitable	1,115	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	41,580	...	...	3,185	...	...
1960 or before	15,490	...	...	610	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,235	...	...	740	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,550	...	...	360	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,605	...	...	340	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,045	...	...	330	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,090	...	...	435	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,565	...	...	380	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	41,585	...	...	3,190	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	38,335	...	...	3,000	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,255	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	41,585	...	...	3,190	...	...
1 household maintainer	23,725	...	...	1,925	...	...
2 household maintainers	17,500	...	...	1,215	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	355	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	41,585	...	...	3,185	...	...
15 to 24 years	735	...	...	70	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,420	...	...	320	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,040	...	...	375	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,435	...	...	595	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,430	...	...	695	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,255	...	...	670	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,825	...	...	340	...	...
85 years and over	1,455	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	37,625	...	...	3,185	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,975	...	...	2,495	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,650	...	...	690	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,060	...	...	630	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,095	...	...	2,030	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.3	...	...	62.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	935	...	...	909	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,116	...	...	1,032	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	249,868	...	...	179,915	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	295,636	...	...	217,880	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,580	...	...	1,160	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.5	...	...	15.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.5	...	...	40.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	765	...	...	773	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	796	...	...	785	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	85,100	42,235	42,870	5,905	2,775	3,135
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,300	10,050	8,255	1,495	735	755
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	24,580	12,375	12,205	1,305	645	655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,220	19,810	22,415	3,110	1,390	1,720
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,630	5,845	1,780	485	340	150
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,190	2,050	1,140	240	135	110
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,440	3,800	640	245	205	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	22,140	8,895	13,245	1,525	595	930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,340	565	775	120	40	80
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,110	4,495	6,615	975	415	565
Bachelor's degree	8,010	3,105	4,905	735	295	440
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	830	295	535	55	25	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	355	215	130	30	20	10
Master's degree	1,660	715	945	135	50	85
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	260	160	100	20	20	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	53,455	26,345	27,110	3,550	1,625	1,925
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,740	4,105	2,635	575	325	255
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	15,050	7,825	7,225	815	400	410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,665	14,415	17,250	2,160	900	1,260
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,060	3,900	1,155	260	165	95
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,045	1,300	745	150	70	75
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,015	2,600	415	110	90	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	17,300	6,890	10,410	1,105	440	665
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	935	410	520	75	20	60
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	8,370	3,210	5,165	715	275	440
Bachelor's degree	6,085	2,275	3,815	535	195	340
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	585	200	390	40	20	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	135	130	30	15	10
Master's degree	1,295	535	760	105	35	75
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	140	65	75	10	15	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	85,105	42,235	42,875	5,905	2,770	3,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	42,885	22,425	20,460	2,795	1,380	1,415
Education	2,585	610	1,970	275	75	200
13. Education	2,585	610	1,970	275	75	200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	945	330	620	40	20	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	95	35	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	815	230	580	35	15	20
Humanities	1,690	620	1,070	115	45	65
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	100	0	95	15	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	360	80	275	20	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	155	255	20	10	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	10	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	90	40	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	290	165	130	10	15	0
54. History	265	115	145	30	10	20
55. French language and literature/letters	125	10	120	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,555	1,070	3,485	225	65	165
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	10	65	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	80	140	15	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,635	110	1,530	75	0	80
22. Legal professions and studies	565	120	445	35	15	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	90	20	65	0	0	0
42. Psychology	580	145	430	40	0	35
45. Social sciences	1,400	585	815	55	45	15
Business, management and public administration	6,885	2,170	4,715	915	285	630
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	820	185	640	60	0	60
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,050	1,985	4,065	850	280	570
Physical and life sciences and technologies	950	480	470	50	45	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	365	120	245	20	15	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	245	130	115	15	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	210	145	65	20	20	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	85	35	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	960	535	430	100	50	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	695	430	260	80	50	35
25. Library science	90	0	90	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	85	75	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,825	9,390	435	655	600	50
04. Architecture and related services	220	180	45	15	15	10
14. Engineering	675	595	80	75	60	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,880	1,710	170	145	125	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,545	2,505	40	160	160	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,900	2,855	45	155	150	0
48. Precision production	1,600	1,550	50	95	95	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,425	1,910	515	60	40	25
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,100	1,670	425	20	15	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	330	240	85	45	25	20
Health and related fields	8,095	1,145	6,950	450	65	385
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	605	290	315	30	10	20
51. Health professions and related programs	7,380	780	6,610	415	50	360
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	105	75	30	10	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,285	1,540	1,745	220	105	115
12. Personal and culinary services	1,670	275	1,390	130	20	110
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	930	620	305	65	55	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	665	620	45	25	25	0
Other	15	10	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	53,455	26,345	27,110	3,555	1,625	1,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	21,790	11,935	9,855	1,390	725	670
Education	1,570	395	1,170	135	25	110
13. Education	1,565	400	1,170	135	25	110
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	770	250	520	35	15	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	70	35	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	665	180	485	30	10	20
Humanities	1,140	370	770	50	10	45
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	55	0	55	15	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	245	45	200	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	80	180	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	60	30	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	115	105	0	0	0
54. History	190	65	125	15	10	15
55. French language and literature/letters	80	10	70	0	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,610	760	2,845	190	55	135
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0	55	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	170	60	110	20	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,340	75	1,270	55	0	60
22. Legal professions and studies	485	85	400	30	10	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	60	10	50	0	0	0
42. Psychology	425	100	330	35	0	25
45. Social sciences	1,065	435	630	50	40	10
Business, management and public administration	5,435	1,615	3,820	690	200	485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	635	120	515	55	0	50
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,790	1,495	3,295	635	195	435
Physical and life sciences and technologies	685	340	350	20	20	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	270	100	170	10	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	95	90	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	140	100	40	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	50	40	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	825	430	390	95	50	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	610	360	250	80	45	40
25. Library science	75	0	70	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	60	65	10	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,225	6,840	385	430	380	50
04. Architecture and related services	195	145	45	15	10	10
14. Engineering	480	420	60	55	40	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,495	1,335	160	115	90	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,760	1,725	35	65	70	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,110	2,075	35	120	110	0
48. Precision production	1,180	1,135	45	55	55	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,870	1,445	430	65	40	25
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,580	1,235	350	15	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	290	210	75	45	25	20
Health and related fields	6,115	855	5,265	315	40	275
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	480	225	255	20	10	10
51. Health professions and related programs	5,560	575	4,980	290	35	255
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	85	50	30	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,410	1,110	1,305	140	70	70
12. Personal and culinary services	1,180	155	1,025	70	10	65
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	715	480	240	50	45	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	460	40	15	10	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	85,105	42,230	42,870	5,905	2,770	3,135
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,885	22,430	20,455	2,795	1,375	1,415
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	42,220	19,810	22,415	3,110	1,395	1,720
Location of study inside Canada	39,785	18,505	21,280	2,940	1,315	1,625
Same as province or territory of residence	38,380	17,785	20,595	2,300	965	1,335
Different than province or territory of residence	1,410	720	690	640	355	290
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,435	1,300	1,135	170	75	95
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	885	450	440	40	20	20
Philippines	40	0	30	90	40	55
India	30	10	20	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	515	295	220	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	0	0	0
France	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other	935	535	400	25	15	20
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	53,455	26,345	27,110	3,555	1,630	1,930
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,795	11,930	9,860	1,395	725	670
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	31,660	14,415	17,250	2,160	905	1,255
Location of study inside Canada	30,120	13,665	16,450	2,015	845	1,170
Same as province or territory of residence	29,170	13,190	15,980	1,585	630	950
Different than province or territory of residence	950	475	475	435	215	215
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,545	745	795	150	60	85
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	635	295	335	20	10	15
Philippines	40	10	35	95	35	55
India	30	10	20	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	260	140	120	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	10	10	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	565	290	275	30	10	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	85,105	42,235	42,870	5,905	2,770	3,135
In the labour force	54,755	28,910	25,845	3,430	1,680	1,750
Employed	51,720	27,310	24,410	3,055	1,475	1,575
Unemployed	3,035	1,600	1,440	375	205	170
Not in the labour force	30,350	13,325	17,020	2,475	1,090	1,390
Participation rate	64.3	68.5	60.3	58.1	60.6	55.8
Employment rate	60.8	64.7	56.9	51.7	53.2	50.2
Unemployment rate	5.5	5.5	5.6	10.9	12.2	9.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	85,100	42,235	42,870	5,905	2,770	3,135
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	27,525	11,920	15,605	2,205	965	1,235
Worked	57,580	30,320	27,265	3,700	1,800	1,900
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	30,920	18,160	12,755	1,795	865	925
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	26,665	12,155	14,510	1,910	935	975
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.5	44.0	43.1	40.3	39.5	41.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	54,760	28,910	25,850	3,430	1,680	1,750
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	785	390	395	45	25	20
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	53,970	28,520	25,455	3,385	1,660	1,730
Employee	45,750	23,140	22,610	3,110	1,520	1,590
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	8,225	5,380	2,845	280	140	140
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	54,755	28,910	25,850	3,430	1,685	1,745
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	785	390	400	40	25	15
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	53,975	28,520	25,455	3,385	1,655	1,730
0 Management occupations	7,550	5,010	2,540	350	195	160
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,790	1,360	5,425	565	170	395
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,155	1,675	480	195	160	40
3 Health occupations	4,210	600	3,610	285	45	235
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,145	1,480	3,665	400	100	305
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	880	255	625	30	10	20
6 Sales and service occupations	10,620	3,885	6,730	730	300	435
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,390	9,780	605	445	415	30
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,740	1,960	780	50	45	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,495	2,505	995	335	215	115
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	54,755	28,910	25,850	3,430	1,685	1,745
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	785	390	395	45	25	15
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	53,970	28,520	25,450	3,390	1,660	1,730
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,350	3,790	1,555	15	10	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195	150	45	10	0	10
22 Utilities	480	380	105	0	10	0
23 Construction	5,060	4,530	530	210	185	25
31-33 Manufacturing	6,530	4,805	1,720	470	350	120
41 Wholesale trade	2,095	1,560	540	95	75	25
44-45 Retail trade	5,260	2,400	2,860	395	195	195
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,640	1,925	715	115	75	35
51 Information and cultural industries	640	280	365	50	35	15
52 Finance and insurance	1,695	495	1,200	145	65	80
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	610	365	245	35	20	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,215	1,020	1,190	135	50	85
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,010	1,100	910	120	70	45
61 Educational services	3,480	905	2,575	175	50	130
62 Health care and social assistance	7,080	905	6,180	505	75	430
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,055	455	600	25	20	10
72 Accommodation and food services	3,045	925	2,120	285	90	195
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,420	1,265	1,160	120	45	75
91 Public administration	2,070	1,245	825	480	235	245
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	51,720	27,310	24,410	3,055	1,475	1,575
Worked at home	5,560	3,300	2,270	120	40	80
Worked outside Canada	135	100	35	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	6,470	4,905	1,565	285	185	95
Worked at usual place	39,555	19,010	20,540	2,650	1,250	1,400
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	39,550	19,015	20,540	2,650	1,245	1,400
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,885	7,745	9,140	1,045	410	635
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,090	6,970	8,125	1,430	735	695
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,490	4,255	3,240	150	85	65
Commute to a different province or territory	85	40	40	25	15	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	46,020	23,915	22,105	2,930	1,430	1,495
Car, truck, van - as a driver	40,445	21,150	19,290	2,480	1,240	1,235
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,495	1,295	1,205	230	95	140
Public transit	205	100	100	15	0	15
Walked	2,220	1,015	1,200	170	80	95
Bicycle	255	175	85	20	20	0
Other method	405	180	225	20	10	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	46,025	23,915	22,105	2,930	1,430	1,495
Less than 15 minutes	15,405	7,320	8,085	1,250	530	720
15 to 29 minutes	13,475	6,870	6,605	1,095	585	505
30 to 44 minutes	10,665	5,630	5,030	465	245	215
45 to 59 minutes	3,945	2,270	1,670	50	20	25
60 minutes and over	2,535	1,820	710	75	50	30
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	46,020	23,915	22,110	2,930	1,435	1,495
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,355	2,340	1,015	170	90	85
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,210	6,655	3,560	435	265	170
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,420	7,115	6,305	1,200	600	600
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,560	2,965	5,600	610	235	375
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,645	1,210	2,435	165	70	100
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,830	3,630	3,195	345	175	170
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	59,180	31,090	28,090	3,810	1,850	1,955
Single responses	59,050	31,045	28,000	3,315	1,605	1,710
Official languages	58,920	30,975	27,945	3,305	1,600	1,710
English	58,665	30,910	27,760	1,975	1,035	940
French	255	60	190	1,325	560	765
Non-official languages	130	70	55	10	10	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	130	75	55	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	65	45	10	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	90	55	35	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	10	10	0	0	0
Frisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
German	55	35	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	10	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	135	45	90	495	250	245
English and French	60	10	50	495	245	245
English and non-official language	75	35	40	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	59,185	31,090	28,090	3,810	1,850	1,955
None	57,910	30,510	27,400	1,970	985	995
English	245	95	145	905	405	500
French	475	205	270	880	450	435
Non-official language	545	280	265	45	20	25
Aboriginal	75	20	60	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	470	260	210	40	15	20
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	102,185	50,935	51,250	6,655	3,155	3,500
Non-movers	93,170	46,605	46,565	5,770	2,735	3,040
Movers	9,010	4,330	4,685	880	420	460
Non-migrants	3,805	1,790	2,015	405	175	235
Migrants	5,210	2,540	2,665	475	245	230
Internal migrants	5,030	2,460	2,570	430	225	200
Intraprovincial migrants	4,805	2,340	2,460	315	155	160
Interprovincial migrants	225	120	110	110	70	40
External migrants	180	80	100	45	20	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	97,680	48,605	49,075	6,430	3,010	3,420
Non-movers	70,395	35,305	35,095	3,755	1,830	1,925
Movers	27,280	13,300	13,980	2,675	1,180	1,495
Non-migrants	12,560	6,150	6,415	1,150	500	645
Migrants	14,720	7,150	7,565	1,525	680	850
Internal migrants	14,170	6,875	7,290	1,405	630	775
Intraprovincial migrants	13,485	6,595	6,895	965	400	570
Interprovincial migrants	685	285	395	435	230	205
External migrants	550	270	280	125	45	75

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Lambton--Kent--Middlesex [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Shediac [Population centre], New Brunswick (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lambton--Kent--Middlesex [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Shediac [Population centre], New Brunswick

Census Profile, 2016 Census Lambton--Kent--Middlesex [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Shediac [Population centre], New Brunswick

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Lambton--Kent--Middlesex [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Shediac [Population centre], New Brunswick