Census Profile, 2016 Census
Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Swan River, Rural municipality [Dissolved census subdivision], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Markham--Unionville Ontario [Federal electoral district]			Swan River, RM Manitoba [Dissolved census subdivision]
	Data quality , Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Swan River, Rural municipality [Dissolved census subdivision], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	123,318	...	...	2,459	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	104,693	...	...	2,546	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	17.8	...	...	-3.4	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	39,948	...	...	1,058	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	38,557	...	...	975	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,462.2	...	...	1.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	84.34	...	...	1,719.47	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	123,315	59,835	63,485	2,460	1,290	1,170
0 to 14 years	21,570	11,170	10,405	475	250	230
0 to 4 years	6,495	3,370	3,120	140	70	65
5 to 9 years	7,405	3,820	3,580	160	90	70
10 to 14 years	7,670	3,975	3,695	175	85	90
15 to 64 years	84,865	40,800	44,065	1,560	805	750
15 to 19 years	8,495	4,405	4,090	135	70	60
20 to 24 years	7,925	4,135	3,785	100	45	50
25 to 29 years	7,630	3,790	3,835	115	60	55
30 to 34 years	7,200	3,445	3,760	130	60	65
35 to 39 years	7,555	3,415	4,140	135	75	60
40 to 44 years	9,380	4,190	5,190	130	65	65
45 to 49 years	10,120	4,675	5,445	145	70	80
50 to 54 years	10,170	4,870	5,300	195	100	90
55 to 59 years	8,835	4,225	4,605	270	145	125
60 to 64 years	7,575	3,650	3,920	215	115	100
65 years and over	16,880	7,865	9,015	425	230	195
65 to 69 years	6,140	2,980	3,165	160	75	80
70 to 74 years	3,875	1,880	1,995	120	75	50
75 to 79 years	2,900	1,360	1,540	65	35	25
80 to 84 years	2,085	975	1,110	45	25	15
85 years and over	1,875	665	1,210	40	15	20
85 to 89 years	1,140	440	705	30	15	15
90 to 94 years	560	170	385	10	5	5
95 to 99 years	155	50	105	5	0	0
100 years and over	25	10	15	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	18.7	16.4	19.3	19.4	19.7
15 to 64 years	68.8	68.2	69.4	63.4	62.4	64.1
65 years and over	13.7	13.1	14.2	17.3	17.8	16.7
85 years and over	1.5	1.1	1.9	1.6	1.2	1.7
Average age of the population	39.5	38.6	40.4	42.0	42.4	41.6
Median age of the population	40.8	39.4	41.8	45.5	46.0	45.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	38,555	...	...	975	...	...
Single-detached house	22,760	...	...	940	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5,110	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	10,685	...	...	5	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,470	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	6,570	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	395	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	255	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	38,555	...	...	975	...	...
1 person	4,765	...	...	180	...	...
2 persons	9,365	...	...	465	...	...
3 persons	8,780	...	...	115	...	...
4 persons	9,440	...	...	120	...	...
5 or more persons	6,205	...	...	100	...	...
Number of persons in private households	122,660	...	...	2,460	...	...
Average household size	3.2	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	101,750	48,665	53,080	1,985	1,040	940
Married or living common law	65,120	32,275	32,850	1,460	735	730
Married	62,370	30,900	31,465	1,270	640	635
Living common law	2,755	1,375	1,380	190	95	95
Not married and not living common law	36,625	16,395	20,235	525	305	215
Never married	26,870	14,000	12,865	355	225	140
Separated	1,520	505	1,015	35	20	10
Divorced	4,085	1,200	2,890	65	50	20
Widowed	4,160	690	3,470	60	15	50
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	36,110	...	...	785	...	...
2 persons	12,875	...	...	470	...	...
3 persons	10,205	...	...	110	...	...
4 persons	10,430	...	...	115	...	...
5 or more persons	2,595	...	...	90	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	36,110	...	...	785	...	...
Total couple families	31,465	...	...	730	...	...
Married couples	30,090	...	...	630	...	...
Common-law couples	1,375	...	...	95	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	4,645	...	...	60	...	...
Female parent	3,850	...	...	35	...	...
Male parent	790	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	31,465	...	...	725	...	...
Couples without children	10,075	...	...	430	...	...
Couples with children	21,390	...	...	300	...	...
1 child	8,765	...	...	100	...	...
2 children	10,100	...	...	105	...	...
3 or more children	2,525	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	4,640	...	...	55	...	...
1 child	2,800	...	...	35	...	...
2 children	1,440	...	...	10	...	...
3 or more children	400	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,105	4,335	6,770	235	155	80
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	38,555	...	...	975	...	...
One-census-family households	30,105	...	...	780	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	7,460	...	...	430	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	22,645	...	...	350	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	2,920	...	...	5	...	...
Non-census-family households	5,540	...	...	195	...	...
One-person households	4,770	...	...	180	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	770	...	...	15	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	122,975	59,750	63,220	2,460	1,290	1,170
English only	102,745	51,070	51,670	2,360	1,240	1,120
French only	35	15	15	0	0	0
English and French	6,940	3,060	3,880	95	50	45
Neither English nor French	13,260	5,605	7,650	0	5	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	122,970	59,750	63,220	2,460	1,290	1,170
English	107,995	53,355	54,640	2,430	1,275	1,155
French	765	355	405	25	10	15
English and French	1,090	495	595	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	13,120	5,545	7,580	5	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,310	605	700	25	15	15
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	122,970	59,755	63,220	2,460	1,290	1,170
Single responses	117,720	57,185	60,530	2,450	1,285	1,160
Official languages	36,595	18,900	17,700	2,270	1,190	1,080
English	35,930	18,595	17,335	2,245	1,175	1,065
French	670	305	365	25	10	20
Non-official languages	81,120	38,285	42,835	175	95	80
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	81,120	38,285	42,830	175	90	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,180	570	615	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	45	15	30	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	45	15	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,130	550	585	0	0	0
Amharic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Arabic	1,080	520	560	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	5	5	0	5
Maltese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	390	175	215	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	370	165	210	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,250	485	760	0	0	0
Bikol	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	10	30	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	160	65	90	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,010	385	625	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	70	35	40	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,160	1,035	1,125	0	0	0
Kannada	15	10	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	95	45	45	0	0	0
Tamil	1,980	935	1,045	0	0	0
Telugu	70	40	30	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,060	4,880	5,175	170	90	75
Albanian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Armenian	495	245	245	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	995	460	535	75	40	35
Baltic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	5	0	0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	970	450	515	75	40	35
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Croatian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	395	190	210	0	0	0
Polish	125	65	65	0	0	0
Russian	225	90	135	10	10	5
Serbian	55	40	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	45	20	30	60	35	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	405	205	200	85	45	40
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dutch	75	45	35	5	0	5
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	270	135	140	80	45	35
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	915	450	460	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,040	2,435	2,610	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	4,025	1,930	2,090	0	0	0
Bengali	150	80	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	1,090	510	570	0	0	0
Hindi	640	310	330	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	10	0	0	0
Marathi	55	30	35	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	530	255	280	0	0	0
Sindhi	230	95	135	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	115	55	60	0	0	0
Urdu	1,170	575	590	0	0	0
Iranian languages	1,005	495	505	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	50	20	30	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	935	465	470	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,175	1,065	1,115	5	0	5
Catalan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,155	575	580	0	0	0
Portuguese	220	100	120	0	0	0
Romanian	190	90	95	0	0	0
Spanish	610	295	310	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	165	55	110	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	525	240	285	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	50	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	15	5	15	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	64,935	30,635	34,300	0	5	0
Chinese languages	64,875	30,605	34,275	0	5	0
Cantonese	38,995	18,575	20,420	0	0	0
Hakka	715	325	385	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,005	10,735	12,265	0	0	0
Min Dong	50	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	805	365	440	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	555	245	310	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	735	330	405	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	30	30	0	0	0
Burmese	55	25	25	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	25	0	0	0
Lao	25	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	40	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	70	40	35	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	155	80	75	0	0	0
Estonian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Finnish	20	5	15	0	0	5
Hungarian	105	55	45	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5,250	2,565	2,685	10	5	5
English and French	185	95	95	0	5	0
English and non-official language	4,830	2,360	2,470	15	5	5
French and non-official language	80	45	35	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	155	70	85	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	122,975	59,750	63,215	2,460	1,290	1,170
Single responses	109,825	53,375	56,450	2,445	1,280	1,165
Official languages	52,740	26,515	26,220	2,390	1,250	1,135
English	52,470	26,400	26,065	2,380	1,240	1,140
French	270	115	155	5	10	0
Non-official languages	57,085	26,860	30,225	60	35	20
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	57,085	26,860	30,225	55	30	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	485	215	265	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	5	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	465	210	255	0	0	0
Amharic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	450	205	245	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	70	65	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	130	70	65	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	55	30	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	5	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	335	150	185	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	1,250	575	680	0	0	0
Kannada	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tamil	1,160	525	635	0	0	0
Telugu	40	20	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,145	1,940	2,205	55	30	25
Albanian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Armenian	260	130	130	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	315	150	170	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	315	150	165	10	5	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	5	0	0	0
Macedonian	120	55	65	0	0	0
Polish	40	25	20	0	0	0
Russian	110	50	60	0	5	0
Serbian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	15	45	25	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	5	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	30	15	15	45	25	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	315	150	165	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,390	1,110	1,280	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,795	840	960	0	0	0
Bengali	75	35	40	0	0	0
Gujarati	490	220	270	0	0	0
Hindi	260	110	150	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	25	10	15	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	255	120	135	0	0	0
Sindhi	70	30	40	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Urdu	575	285	290	0	0	0
Iranian languages	595	270	325	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	10	0	0	0
Pashto	30	10	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	555	250	300	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	810	375	435	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	325	140	185	0	0	0
Portuguese	75	30	40	0	0	0
Romanian	85	40	45	0	0	0
Spanish	325	155	170	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	85	35	55	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	280	140	145	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50,125	23,630	26,500	0	0	0
Chinese languages	50,105	23,620	26,485	0	0	0
Cantonese	30,335	14,280	16,055	0	0	0
Hakka	275	130	150	0	0	0
Mandarin	18,335	8,680	9,650	0	0	0
Min Dong	15	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	310	145	170	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	370	170	200	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	460	215	255	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Burmese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40	15	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	35	20	20	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	15	20	0	0	0
Estonian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	13,145	6,375	6,775	15	10	10
English and French	185	90	95	0	0	0
English and non-official language	12,735	6,195	6,540	15	10	10
French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	205	80	130	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	122,970	59,750	63,220	2,460	1,290	1,170
None	81,110	39,550	41,560	2,380	1,250	1,130
English	21,520	10,485	11,040	25	10	15
French	660	280	375	15	10	5
Non-official language	18,995	9,135	9,855	35	20	20
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	18,990	9,130	9,855	40	15	15
English and French	85	35	45	0	0	0
English and non-official language	435	200	235	0	0	0
French and non-official language	160	70	90	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	101,105	48,500	52,605	1,985	1,040	945
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	95,005	45,450	49,555	1,940	1,020	920
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,375	33,402	25,029	33,984	38,624	30,336
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	95,030	45,455	49,575	1,945	1,020	920
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,505	30,783	23,674	30,219	33,776	27,424
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	85,320	41,555	43,765	1,830	975	855
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,998	36,303	25,065	30,752	36,128	26,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	67,930	29,490	38,435	1,340	630	715
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	1,447	733	2,304	6,304	6,848	6,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	68,410	34,485	33,925	1,630	885	745
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,077	40,501	30,253	29,402	32,384	25,408
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	101,205	48,525	52,680	2,020	1,030	990
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	95,035	45,600	49,435	2,000	1,030	970
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,640	56,629	39,350	39,149	43,025	35,047
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	95,060	45,615	49,445	2,000	1,030	970
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,655	44,734	33,047	32,675	35,484	29,701
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	85,260	41,615	43,645	1,930	985	945
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,156	59,097	39,677	35,736	40,493	30,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	68,255	29,910	38,345	1,365	630	730
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,930	4,109	5,571	6,873	6,706	7,015
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	68,505	34,535	33,965	1,720	905	815
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,375	61,859	42,732	34,021	38,110	29,464
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	101,205	48,525	52,680	2,020	1,035	985
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	33,500	18,505	14,995	855	535	325
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	60,444	67,217	54,155	42,967	45,444	40,161
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	75,878	85,361	64,179	45,273	46,719	42,876
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.5	95.2	89.0	86.8	89.2	83.5
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	78.8	81.9	74.6	73.0	75.6	69.4
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.4	4.7	11.0	13.3	10.9	16.5
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	101,105	48,495	52,605	1,985	1,040	945
Without total income	6,100	3,050	3,045	45	20	25
With total income	95,005	45,450	49,560	1,940	1,020	920
Percentage with total income	94.0	93.7	94.2	97.7	98.1	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20,535	9,025	11,515	230	115	115
$10,000 to $19,999	17,800	7,685	10,120	345	160	185
$20,000 to $29,999	10,610	4,760	5,850	285	125	160
$30,000 to $39,999	7,970	3,495	4,470	280	135	150
$40,000 to $49,999	6,880	3,080	3,800	260	135	125
$50,000 to $59,999	5,655	2,630	3,030	150	95	60
$60,000 to $69,999	4,780	2,315	2,470	130	85	40
$70,000 to $79,999	3,875	2,020	1,855	95	60	30
$80,000 to $89,999	3,430	1,885	1,545	60	35	20
$90,000 to $99,999	3,025	1,655	1,370	30	25	10
$100,000 and over	10,445	6,895	3,545	80	55	30
$100,000 to $149,999	6,710	4,215	2,500	65	45	25
$150,000 and over	3,735	2,685	1,055	15	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	101,100	48,500	52,605	1,985	1,040	945
Without after-tax income	6,070	3,040	3,030	45	20	25
With after-tax income	95,030	45,460	49,575	1,940	1,020	920
Percentage with after-tax income	94.0	93.7	94.2	97.7	98.1	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20,885	9,145	11,740	240	120	120
$10,000 to $19,999	18,400	8,010	10,390	365	170	195
$20,000 to $29,999	11,825	5,255	6,570	365	170	195
$30,000 to $39,999	9,310	4,130	5,180	350	160	185
$40,000 to $49,999	7,980	3,665	4,310	250	155	100
$50,000 to $59,999	6,470	3,140	3,330	155	105	50
$60,000 to $69,999	5,070	2,705	2,365	115	70	40
$70,000 to $79,999	4,460	2,455	2,000	45	25	20
$80,000 and over	10,635	6,955	3,685	70	45	20
$80,000 to $89,999	3,210	1,905	1,310	30	20	10
$90,000 to $99,999	2,090	1,320	770	15	10	10
$100,000 and over	5,335	3,725	1,605	20	20	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	101,100	48,495	52,605	1,985	1,040	940
Without employment income	32,690	14,010	18,680	355	155	200
With employment income	68,415	34,485	33,930	1,630	880	745
Percentage with employment income	67.7	71.1	64.5	82.1	84.6	79.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,445	3,835	4,610	265	140	120
$5,000 to $9,999	5,905	2,605	3,300	135	50	80
$10,000 to $19,999	9,665	4,560	5,100	230	130	100
$20,000 to $29,999	7,040	3,270	3,775	200	85	115
$30,000 to $39,999	6,025	2,800	3,220	230	105	120
$40,000 to $49,999	5,305	2,435	2,865	175	105	75
$50,000 to $59,999	4,475	2,140	2,335	105	70	35
$60,000 to $69,999	3,950	1,960	1,985	95	60	30
$70,000 to $79,999	3,240	1,745	1,495	75	55	25
$80,000 and over	14,365	9,130	5,235	130	85	45
$80,000 to $89,999	2,950	1,645	1,310	45	25	15
$90,000 to $99,999	2,770	1,550	1,215	25	20	5
$100,000 and over	8,655	5,935	2,715	60	40	20
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	38,555	...	...	975	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,141	...	...	69,376	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	79,118	...	...	61,376	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	4,770	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,933	...	...	32,192	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,318	...	...	28,544	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	33,790	...	...	795	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	99,425	...	...	79,206	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,248	...	...	68,736	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	38,595	...	...	965	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	117,310	...	...	80,846	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	95,209	...	...	67,476	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,720	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	56,968	...	...	35,711	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,364	...	...	30,002	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	33,875	...	...	825	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	125,720	...	...	88,621	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	102,155	...	...	73,931	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	38,555	...	...	975	...	...
Under $5,000	1,055	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	560	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	755	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	920	...	...	25	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	955	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,345	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,330	...	...	45	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,255	...	...	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,240	...	...	40	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,145	...	...	45	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,260	...	...	100	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,275	...	...	75	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,100	...	...	65	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,050	...	...	75	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,970	...	...	65	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,340	...	...	280	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,060	...	...	120	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,400	...	...	60	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,545	...	...	75	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,330	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	38,555	...	...	975	...	...
Under $5,000	1,125	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	575	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	760	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	955	...	...	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,020	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,455	...	...	50	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,435	...	...	45	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,400	...	...	45	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,435	...	...	55	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,370	...	...	70	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,765	...	...	90	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,600	...	...	95	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,610	...	...	100	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,395	...	...	90	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,125	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,530	...	...	165	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,610	...	...	85	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,465	...	...	50	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,455	...	...	30	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	33,530	...	...	790	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	98,752	...	...	78,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,563	...	...	68,224	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	7,090	...	...	420	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,588	...	...	66,970	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,988	...	...	59,392	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	21,360	...	...	300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,554	...	...	95,104	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,027	...	...	83,264	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,915	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,812	...	...	48,576	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,166	...	...	42,624	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	33,585	...	...	815	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	125,353	...	...	88,127	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,756	...	...	73,519	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	7,030	...	...	440	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	113,466	...	...	78,383	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	88,280	...	...	65,363	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	21,360	...	...	305	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	140,893	...	...	109,940	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,805	...	...	91,055	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,985	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,395	...	...	60,562	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,137	...	...	53,484	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	6,900	3,150	3,750	210	145	65
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,035	31,824	28,688	33,237	34,944	28,224
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,867	29,683	26,752	29,376	30,272	25,408
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	6,860	3,135	3,725	190	120	65
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,352	51,124	42,335	35,485	32,929	40,281
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,524	40,621	34,917	29,763	26,833	35,261
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	122,660	59,660	63,000	2,460	1,290	1,170
In the bottom half of the distribution	55,045	26,260	28,790	1,430	750	680
In the bottom decile	14,085	6,640	7,440	210	120	90
In the second decile	11,640	5,565	6,075	280	140	140
In the third decile	9,955	4,740	5,215	335	175	155
In the fourth decile	9,470	4,590	4,875	370	185	180
In the fifth decile	9,890	4,715	5,175	240	125	115
In the top half of the distribution	67,610	33,395	34,215	1,030	540	490
In the sixth decile	10,010	4,855	5,155	230	120	110
In the seventh decile	11,030	5,425	5,605	280	145	135
In the eighth decile	12,510	6,135	6,375	210	115	100
In the ninth decile	15,610	7,750	7,860	190	95	95
In the top decile	18,445	9,235	9,215	115	65	50
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	122,660	59,655	63,005	2,460	1,290	1,170
0 to 17 years	26,725	13,850	12,875	565	295	270
0 to 5 years	7,880	4,080	3,805	165	85	80
18 to 64 years	79,630	38,080	41,550	1,465	760	705
65 years and over	16,300	7,720	8,580	430	230	195
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,205	9,600	10,605	370	190	180
0 to 17 years	4,975	2,565	2,405	100	55	45
0 to 5 years	1,520	775	740	30	20	10
18 to 64 years	12,905	5,920	6,985	200	100	100
65 years and over	2,330	1,110	1,215	70	40	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.5	16.1	16.8	15.0	14.7	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	18.6	18.5	18.7	17.7	18.6	16.7
0 to 5 years (%)	19.3	19.0	19.4	18.2	23.5	12.5
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	15.5	16.8	13.7	13.2	14.2
65 years and over (%)	14.3	14.4	14.2	16.3	17.4	17.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	15,890	7,505	8,385	90	50	40
0 to 17 years	4,020	2,060	1,960	20	5	10
0 to 5 years	1,185	610	575	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	10,560	4,855	5,705	60	35	30
65 years and over	1,310	590	720	10	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.0	12.6	13.3	3.7	3.9	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	15.0	14.9	15.2	3.5	1.7	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	15.0	15.0	15.1	3.0	0.0	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3	12.7	13.7	4.1	4.6	4.3
65 years and over (%)	8.0	7.6	8.4	2.3	2.2	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	122,760	59,665	63,100	2,460	1,275	1,180
Official languages	109,520	54,105	55,415	2,460	1,275	1,185
English	109,470	54,080	55,395	2,455	1,275	1,185
French	6,915	3,115	3,800	120	60	60
Non-official languages	94,985	45,055	49,930	220	105	115
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	94,985	45,055	49,930	215	100	110
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,760	805	955	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	10	25	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	25	10	20	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,730	795	930	0	0	0
Amharic	70	40	30	0	0	0
Arabic	1,580	730	850	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	20	25	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	35	15	20	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	850	350	500	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	835	350	490	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,635	625	1,010	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	40	20	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	80	35	45	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	215	100	115	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,390	510	880	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	305	160	150	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	190	90	100	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	120	65	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,890	1,410	1,480	0	0	0
Kannada	20	10	20	0	0	0
Malayalam	120	70	50	0	0	0
Tamil	2,645	1,280	1,370	0	0	0
Telugu	145	80	65	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,290	6,955	7,335	205	100	105
Albanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Armenian	500	255	245	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,195	555	635	120	60	60
Baltic languages	30	10	20	0	0	10
Latvian	0	10	0	10	0	10
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,175	550	630	115	55	55
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Czech	20	10	15	10	0	10
Macedonian	610	300	310	0	0	0
Polish	150	85	65	0	0	0
Russian	310	130	180	40	20	10
Serbian	30	15	15	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	15	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	45	15	30	65	35	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	710	365	345	100	60	35
Afrikaans	50	30	15	0	0	0
Danish	35	15	20	0	0	0
Dutch	120	65	60	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	475	245	230	100	60	40
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	25	15	15	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	1,520	770	750	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	7,670	3,750	3,920	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	6,370	3,125	3,245	0	0	0
Bengali	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gujarati	1,565	765	805	0	0	0
Hindi	2,365	1,115	1,250	0	0	0
Kashmiri	15	0	10	0	0	0
Konkani	50	20	30	0	0	0
Marathi	105	65	40	0	0	0
Nepali	40	15	25	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,340	660	685	0	0	0
Sindhi	440	195	250	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	275	155	120	0	0	0
Urdu	2,050	1,060	985	0	0	0
Iranian languages	1,370	660	705	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Pashto	75	35	35	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,310	625	685	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	60	40	20	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,090	1,455	1,640	15	0	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,600	755	845	0	0	0
Portuguese	320	145	170	0	0	0
Romanian	155	85	75	0	0	0
Spanish	1,095	485	600	15	0	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	520	260	260	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	845	390	455	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	120	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	10	10	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	20	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	10	0	0	0
Swahili	135	70	65	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	45	20	20	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	73,365	34,820	38,545	0	0	0
Chinese languages	73,335	34,810	38,525	0	0	0
Cantonese	47,665	22,665	24,995	0	0	0
Hakka	795	380	410	0	0	0
Mandarin	35,985	16,425	19,560	0	0	0
Min Dong	55	25	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,005	470	535	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	895	415	480	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	690	305	385	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Burmese	35	15	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	10	0	10
Lao	15	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	140	80	65	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	140	80	60	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	205	110	95	0	0	0
Estonian	65	40	30	0	0	0
Finnish	30	10	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	110	70	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	122,765	59,660	63,105	2,460	1,275	1,185
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	104,790	51,245	53,545	2,385	1,235	1,150
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,580	12,700	11,880	510	270	240
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,210	38,545	41,670	1,875	960	915
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	17,975	8,420	9,555	75	40	35
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	122,765	59,665	63,100	2,460	1,275	1,185
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	44,715	23,225	21,485	2,315	1,215	1,095
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	75,130	35,025	40,100	150	55	85
Before 1981	11,395	5,740	5,660	50	10	40
1981 to 1990	12,555	5,855	6,705	25	15	15
1991 to 2000	24,920	11,490	13,430	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	18,015	8,170	9,845	30	10	25
2001 to 2005	10,145	4,610	5,535	20	0	15
2006 to 2010	7,870	3,560	4,310	10	0	10
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	8,235	3,775	4,460	40	30	10
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,925	1,410	1,510	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	75,130	35,025	40,100	145	60	85
Under 5 years	5,670	2,865	2,805	35	20	15
5 to 14 years	11,245	5,530	5,720	40	20	20
15 to 24 years	15,015	6,865	8,150	20	0	20
25 to 44 years	33,490	15,415	18,075	40	15	25
45 years and over	9,700	4,350	5,355	0	0	10
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	75,130	35,025	40,100	145	55	85
Americas	3,750	1,705	2,040	55	15	40
Brazil	65	30	30	0	0	0
Colombia	60	30	35	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	680	295	380	0	0	0
Haiti	20	10	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	1,220	545	675	10	0	0
Mexico	45	35	10	0	0	0
Peru	85	30	55	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	380	165	210	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	675	310	360	35	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	520	255	265	0	0	0
Europe	3,880	1,970	1,915	75	40	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	15	10	10	0	0	0
France	70	30	45	0	0	0
Germany	165	85	80	55	35	20
Greece	675	350	325	0	0	0
Hungary	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italy	830	410	415	0	0	0
Netherlands	70	45	25	10	0	10
Poland	110	65	50	0	0	0
Portugal	105	40	65	0	0	0
Romania	155	80	75	0	0	0
Russian Federation	100	35	65	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	35	10	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	890	490	400	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	515	250	270	0	0	10
Africa	2,725	1,365	1,360	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	600	295	305	0	0	0
Ethiopia	85	60	30	0	0	0
Kenya	440	240	205	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	90	45	50	0	0	0
Somalia	15	0	15	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	175	100	75	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,300	620	680	0	0	0
Asia	64,695	29,945	34,750	15	0	10
Afghanistan	295	140	155	0	0	0
Bangladesh	95	45	50	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	30,305	13,745	16,565	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	19,125	9,105	10,025	0	0	0
India	3,040	1,440	1,595	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	805	395	405	0	0	0
Iraq	115	50	65	0	0	0
Japan	195	95	95	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	545	255	290	0	0	0
Lebanon	290	145	145	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,175	555	620	0	0	0
Philippines	1,525	635	895	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	1,765	850	915	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	70	40	25	0	0	0
Taiwan	1,340	565	770	0	0	0
Viet Nam	1,615	715	895	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,395	1,155	1,240	15	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	85	40	40	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	8,235	3,775	4,465	40	30	10
Americas	290	140	150	10	0	10
Brazil	10	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	40	15	25	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	155	80	85	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	35	20	0	0	0
Europe	105	70	40	30	25	0
France	25	15	10	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	0	25	25	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	50	35	15	0	0	0
Africa	175	85	95	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	110	45	65	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	25	0	0	0
Asia	7,655	3,475	4,180	10	10	10
Afghanistan	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	6,085	2,755	3,330	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	325	130	200	0	0	0
India	270	130	135	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	80	40	40	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	15	15	0	0	0
Nepal	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	185	95	95	0	0	0
Philippines	85	20	65	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	40	35	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	85	35	50	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	115	65	55	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	25	15	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam	40	10	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	110	50	60	10	10	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	122,765	59,660	63,100	2,460	1,275	1,185
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	78,850	36,885	41,965	150	60	85
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	34,815	18,030	16,785	360	165	200
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	9,095	4,745	4,350	1,945	1,045	900
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	64,730	29,825	34,905	100	50	50
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	40,075	19,740	20,335	80	50	30
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	15,030	10,015	5,015	10	10	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	25,040	9,725	15,315	65	40	30
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	18,865	7,140	11,730	20	0	25
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,300	2,255	2,045	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	1,490	695	795	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	122,765	59,665	63,105	2,460	1,275	1,185
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	115	50	65	240	125	115
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	105	45	60	240	125	120
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	45	25	15	35	15	20
Métis	50	10	40	200	105	95
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	122,650	59,615	63,035	2,220	1,150	1,065
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	122,765	59,665	63,100	2,455	1,275	1,185
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	15	10	0	50	30	20
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	122,750	59,655	63,095	2,410	1,245	1,165
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	122,765	59,660	63,105	2,460	1,275	1,180
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	20	0	10	45	25	20
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	15	0	15	45	30	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Métis single ancestry	15	10	10	40	15	20
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	240	120	120	140	85	55
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	240	125	120	125	80	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	200	105	90	10	10	10
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	10	20	115	75	45
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	0	0	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	122,500	59,535	62,970	2,275	1,160	1,115
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	122,765	59,665	63,100	2,455	1,275	1,185
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	103,905	50,180	53,725	20	0	20
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	12,155	5,965	6,195	0	0	0
Chinese	79,145	38,195	40,945	0	0	0
Black	2,070	955	1,110	10	0	0
Filipino	1,910	770	1,135	0	0	0
Latin American	395	210	185	15	0	15
Arab	1,450	700	745	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	915	410	500	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,140	570	575	0	0	0
Korean	910	430	480	0	0	0
Japanese	385	195	195	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	630	295	330	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,810	1,490	1,325	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	18,855	9,480	9,375	2,440	1,270	1,165
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	122,760	59,660	63,100	2,460	1,275	1,185
North American Aboriginal origins	260	130	135	185	110	75
First Nations (North American Indian)	200	110	95	30	20	10
Inuit	15	10	10	0	0	0
Métis	50	15	30	165	100	65
Other North American origins	6,425	3,235	3,190	695	375	320
Acadian	25	10	20	0	0	0
American	420	190	230	45	30	20
Canadian	6,085	3,080	3,010	680	370	305
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	15	10	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	20	10	15	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	19,630	9,765	9,865	2,020	1,060	960
British Isles origins	9,340	4,620	4,720	1,035	530	505
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	5,390	2,740	2,650	615	310	310
Irish	3,650	1,875	1,780	395	210	185
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	3,785	1,810	1,970	475	245	235
Welsh	300	145	160	75	40	35
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	820	410	410	45	10	40
French origins	1,765	830	940	285	160	125
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	1,760	830	935	285	155	125
Western European origins (except French origins)	2,850	1,515	1,335	625	325	300
Austrian	210	110	100	30	10	20
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	95	45	45	30	15	20
Dutch	680	370	315	120	50	75
Flemish	10	10	0	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,970	1,055	915	485	270	220
Luxembourger	20	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	150	80	70	15	10	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	595	300	295	370	210	165
Danish	135	65	65	60	30	25
Finnish	165	70	95	10	0	0
Icelandic	35	15	25	65	40	20
Norwegian	80	55	25	145	70	75
Swedish	190	95	90	100	65	40
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	2,570	1,345	1,225	860	450	410
Bulgarian	50	20	30	10	0	0
Byelorussian	20	10	15	0	0	0
Czech	75	40	40	10	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10	10	10	10	10	10
Estonian	95	60	35	0	0	0
Hungarian	365	180	190	15	10	10
Latvian	35	20	15	10	0	0
Lithuanian	85	25	60	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	835	435	395	210	100	110
Romanian	285	155	130	10	10	10
Russian	570	270	300	105	55	55
Slovak	50	35	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	620	355	265	670	375	300
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	8,165	4,025	4,140	45	10	25
Albanian	40	25	20	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	15	0	0	0
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	60	15	45	10	0	10
Cypriot	30	15	15	0	0	0
Greek	2,300	1,130	1,170	0	0	0
Italian	3,615	1,795	1,815	15	0	10
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	880	410	470	0	0	0
Maltese	80	30	50	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	930	515	415	0	0	0
Serbian	90	35	50	10	10	0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	70	25	45	0	0	0
Spanish	730	350	380	10	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	25	10	20	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	185	100	85	0	0	0
Basque	15	10	0	0	0	0
Jewish	90	50	40	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	75	45	30	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	2,495	1,200	1,300	10	0	0
Antiguan	10	15	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	65	20	45	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	65	40	20	0	0	0
Dominican	25	15	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Jamaican	1,645	795	850	0	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	400	205	190	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	50	25	25	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	370	190	185	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	40	20	15	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,070	515	550	15	0	15
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	20	0	15	10	0	10
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	45	15	25	10	0	0
Belizean	10	15	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	75	35	40	0	0	0
Chilean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Colombian	65	40	30	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	45	30	20	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	465	240	220	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	105	50	60	10	0	10
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	80	30	55	0	0	0
Salvadorean	10	10	10	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	55	15	40	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	60	25	35	0	0	0
African origins	2,640	1,290	1,350	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	260	115	145	0	0	0
Akan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	35	20	25	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	55	20	35	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	105	45	60	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	15	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	45	15	25	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	1,080	550	530	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	110	50	60	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	865	430	435	0	0	0
Libyan	25	15	10	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	40	25	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	30	15	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	35	20	15	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	780	410	370	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	10	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	155	85	70	0	0	0
Harari	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	115	60	55	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	150	90	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	55	20	35	0	0	0
South African	130	65	70	0	0	0
Tanzanian	55	25	30	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	115	50	60	0	0	0
Other African origins	520	225	300	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	80	40	40	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	440	180	260	0	0	0
Asian origins	100,385	48,485	51,895	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,335	1,635	1,695	0	0	0
Afghan	400	185	215	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	205	95	105	0	0	0
Armenian	550	275	275	0	0	0
Assyrian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Hazara	45	25	15	0	0	0
Iranian	1,065	530	540	0	0	0
Iraqi	170	50	115	0	0	0
Israeli	35	20	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	460	210	245	0	0	0
Palestinian	135	65	65	0	0	0
Pashtun	35	25	15	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	50	30	25	0	0	0
Tajik	45	20	20	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	110	55	55	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	15	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	65	35	25	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	110	55	55	0	0	0
South Asian origins	12,585	6,195	6,390	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	95	50	40	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	8,500	4,100	4,400	0	0	0
Goan	65	30	30	0	0	0
Gujarati	105	35	70	0	0	0
Kashmiri	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nepali	65	35	30	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,150	610	540	0	0	0
Punjabi	210	95	110	0	0	0
Sinhalese	115	85	35	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	1,980	950	1,030	0	0	0
Tamil	770	415	360	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	615	335	275	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	84,900	40,860	44,045	0	0	0
Burmese	75	25	50	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese	80,585	39,000	41,585	0	0	0
Filipino	2,360	1,030	1,330	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	200	95	110	0	0	0
Japanese	605	295	305	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,195	600	590	0	0	0
Laotian	35	25	15	0	0	0
Malaysian	220	110	110	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	75	40	35	0	0	0
Taiwanese	590	275	310	0	0	0
Thai	30	10	20	0	0	0
Tibetan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,160	520	635	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	185	105	85	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	185	100	80	0	0	0
Oceania origins	80	50	30	0	0	0
Australian	45	25	20	0	0	0
New Zealander	25	15	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	38,595	...	...	970	...	...
Owner	33,915	...	...	885	...	...
Renter	4,680	...	...	85	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	38,595	...	...	970	...	...
Condominium	6,795	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	31,800	...	...	970	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	38,595	...	...	965	...	...
No bedrooms	65	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	3,100	...	...	10	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,470	...	...	170	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,390	...	...	415	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	21,570	...	...	370	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	38,595	...	...	970	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,830	...	...	75	...	...
5 rooms	5,595	...	...	160	...	...
6 rooms	5,875	...	...	225	...	...
7 rooms	5,640	...	...	125	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,660	...	...	390	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	38,595	...	...	970	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,575	...	...	965	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,025	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	38,595	...	...	965	...	...
Suitable	36,615	...	...	950	...	...
Not suitable	1,975	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	38,595	...	...	970	...	...
1960 or before	430	...	...	290	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,495	...	...	305	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,170	...	...	140	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,280	...	...	110	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,820	...	...	55	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,040	...	...	40	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	8,360	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	38,590	...	...	970	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	37,845	...	...	885	...	...
Major repairs needed	750	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	38,595	...	...	970	...	...
1 household maintainer	18,890	...	...	615	...	...
2 household maintainers	18,045	...	...	355	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,655	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	38,590	...	...	965	...	...
15 to 24 years	565	...	...	25	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,500	...	...	90	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,890	...	...	130	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,305	...	...	205	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,315	...	...	260	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,585	...	...	150	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,835	...	...	70	...	...
85 years and over	595	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	38,470	...	...	745	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	24,475	...	...	680	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,995	...	...	60	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,525	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,905	...	...	665	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.1	...	...	46.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.7	...	...	8.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,729	...	...	559	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,873	...	...	779	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	901,034	...	...	200,191	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	1,009,131	...	...	248,399	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,680	...	...	85	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	6.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	55.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,651	...	...	450	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,609	...	...	473	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	101,205	48,525	52,680	2,025	1,035	990
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,410	6,845	8,565	630	410	220
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	25,445	11,830	13,615	565	265	300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,350	29,850	30,505	825	365	465
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,350	1,425	925	230	165	70
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,350	745	605	105	65	40
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,005	685	320	120	95	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,840	6,535	8,305	360	120	245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,150	1,495	1,660	30	15	20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	40,010	20,390	19,620	205	65	135
Bachelor's degree	28,030	13,865	14,165	160	50	110
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,895	845	1,050	15	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	900	445	455	0	0	0
Master's degree	8,270	4,565	3,700	20	10	15
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	920	670	245	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	68,460	32,220	36,240	1,360	715	645
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,410	2,360	3,055	305	215	90
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,535	5,835	7,700	440	220	215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,510	24,035	25,480	620	280	335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,555	910	635	155	120	40
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	855	435	415	80	55	25
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	700	480	225	75	60	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	11,785	5,095	6,690	280	100	175
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,515	1,130	1,385	30	10	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	33,660	16,895	16,765	155	55	100
Bachelor's degree	23,155	11,290	11,865	125	40	85
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,500	640	860	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	715	335	375	0	0	0
Master's degree	7,490	4,070	3,420	25	10	15
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	810	565	240	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	101,210	48,525	52,680	2,020	1,030	990
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	40,855	18,680	22,175	1,195	670	525
Education	2,580	515	2,065	80	0	80
13. Education	2,580	520	2,065	85	10	80
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,175	890	1,285	15	0	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	125	70	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,980	760	1,220	15	0	15
Humanities	3,165	1,045	2,120	35	10	20
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	600	155	440	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	820	185	635	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,045	325	725	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	70	45	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	160	105	15	10	10
54. History	245	125	115	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	65	15	55	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,835	2,655	4,180	60	30	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	10	60	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	600	275	325	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	755	85	675	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	865	330	530	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	70	20	55	0	0	0
42. Psychology	850	180	670	10	10	0
45. Social sciences	3,630	1,755	1,870	20	15	10
Business, management and public administration	18,540	7,960	10,575	130	30	100
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	380	85	290	15	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,135	7,865	10,265	115	20	95
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,105	1,415	1,690	15	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,130	485	645	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	940	370	575	15	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	75	35	40	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	890	505	375	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,205	4,225	1,980	0	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,805	3,455	1,345	10	0	10
25. Library science	65	15	50	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,195	635	555	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	145	115	25	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,290	8,525	1,765	200	200	0
04. Architecture and related services	565	370	195	0	0	0
14. Engineering	6,570	5,205	1,360	10	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,505	1,345	165	40	45	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	445	435	10	65	70	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	860	845	10	70	70	0
48. Precision production	340	330	20	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	515	245	265	50	25	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	275	140	140	40	15	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	110	125	10	0	0
Health and related fields	5,465	1,710	3,755	165	20	145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	525	275	250	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	4,745	1,325	3,420	165	20	145
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	195	105	90	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,465	660	805	65	35	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,010	345	665	30	0	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	220	155	65	0	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	135	80	30	30	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	68,460	32,220	36,235	1,360	715	645
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	18,945	8,190	10,760	740	435	310
Education	1,765	335	1,420	70	0	60
13. Education	1,765	340	1,420	70	0	60
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,730	685	1,040	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	95	35	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,595	585	1,005	0	0	10
Humanities	2,465	765	1,700	20	10	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	450	110	345	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	675	130	545	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	795	220	575	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	60	35	0	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	140	80	10	0	0
54. History	165	95	70	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	60	10	50	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,625	2,150	3,475	50	25	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	50	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425	190	235	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	630	75	555	15	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	745	275	470	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	55	20	35	0	0	0
42. Psychology	620	105	515	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	3,095	1,475	1,615	15	10	0
Business, management and public administration	15,945	6,520	9,425	110	20	85
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	305	60	245	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,620	6,455	9,165	95	15	80
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,295	1,000	1,290	20	10	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	790	330	460	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	735	270	460	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	70	30	35	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	645	350	290	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	20	50	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,800	3,935	1,860	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,585	3,295	1,290	10	0	0
25. Library science	60	15	50	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,030	535	495	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	125	95	30	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,205	6,625	1,585	145	145	0
04. Architecture and related services	425	250	170	0	0	0
14. Engineering	5,535	4,285	1,250	10	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,060	935	125	30	35	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	315	305	15	50	45	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	635	625	10	50	55	0
48. Precision production	235	215	20	10	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	415	200	210	40	15	20
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	230	115	120	25	10	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	90	90	15	10	0
Health and related fields	4,130	1,295	2,835	105	20	90
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	370	200	170	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	3,615	1,015	2,595	100	15	90
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	135	75	60	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,140	520	625	60	35	25
12. Personal and culinary services	810	285	525	25	0	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	175	125	55	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	95	45	35	30	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	101,205	48,525	52,680	2,025	1,035	985
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,850	18,680	22,180	1,195	670	520
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	60,355	29,850	30,500	825	360	465
Location of study inside Canada	38,405	19,150	19,255	795	350	445
Same as province or territory of residence	35,505	17,595	17,910	600	235	365
Different than province or territory of residence	2,895	1,555	1,345	195	115	85
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	21,950	10,700	11,245	35	15	20
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,785	995	795	20	10	15
Philippines	855	280	580	0	0	0
India	1,455	655	795	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,420	765	660	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	8,790	4,240	4,550	0	0	0
France	110	55	55	0	0	0
Other	7,535	3,715	3,820	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	68,455	32,220	36,235	1,360	715	645
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,950	8,190	10,760	740	430	305
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	49,510	24,030	25,480	620	285	335
Location of study inside Canada	31,905	15,785	16,115	595	275	320
Same as province or territory of residence	29,445	14,460	14,980	440	195	245
Different than province or territory of residence	2,455	1,325	1,135	155	85	70
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	17,605	8,245	9,360	30	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,510	825	680	20	0	10
Philippines	670	200	470	0	0	0
India	1,140	510	630	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	990	505	485	10	0	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	7,485	3,530	3,960	0	0	0
France	95	40	50	0	0	0
Other	5,720	2,630	3,090	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	101,205	48,530	52,680	2,020	1,035	990
In the labour force	63,755	32,855	30,905	1,510	815	690
Employed	59,375	30,785	28,595	1,455	775	680
Unemployed	4,380	2,070	2,310	55	35	10
Not in the labour force	37,450	15,675	21,775	515	220	295
Participation rate	63.0	67.7	58.7	74.8	78.7	69.7
Employment rate	58.7	63.4	54.3	72.0	74.9	68.7
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.3	7.5	3.6	4.3	1.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	101,205	48,525	52,680	2,025	1,035	990
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	35,710	14,830	20,875	410	180	230
Worked	65,500	33,690	31,805	1,615	855	760
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	34,555	19,210	15,350	870	545	325
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	30,940	14,490	16,455	745	310	435
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.4	41.8	44.6	46.0	42.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	63,760	32,850	30,905	1,505	815	695
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,765	775	990	0	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	61,995	32,075	29,915	1,510	815	690
Employee	52,105	25,995	26,105	1,030	475	560
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	9,885	6,080	3,810	475	345	140
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	63,755	32,855	30,900	1,510	815	695
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,765	775	985	0	0	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	61,990	32,075	29,915	1,505	815	695
0 Management occupations	9,240	5,855	3,385	335	260	70
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,785	4,760	9,030	195	35	160
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,670	6,570	2,100	40	20	10
3 Health occupations	3,230	1,045	2,185	90	15	75
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,635	1,740	3,895	155	30	130
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,120	1,040	1,075	15	10	15
6 Sales and service occupations	13,390	6,440	6,945	250	70	180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,575	3,295	275	290	275	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	255	205	50	100	65	35
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,095	1,125	970	45	30	15
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	63,755	32,855	30,905	1,505	815	695
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,770	780	990	0	0	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	61,990	32,080	29,915	1,510	815	690
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	130	80	55	385	260	120
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	75	10	10	0	0
22 Utilities	305	185	120	10	0	0
23 Construction	2,175	1,760	415	130	110	20
31-33 Manufacturing	4,935	3,075	1,860	75	65	15
41 Wholesale trade	4,040	2,555	1,490	45	45	0
44-45 Retail trade	6,950	3,585	3,365	165	75	90
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,635	1,140	490	65	55	10
51 Information and cultural industries	2,145	1,240	905	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	7,930	3,795	4,135	25	10	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,575	1,300	1,275	30	15	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,995	5,270	3,725	75	30	45
55 Management of companies and enterprises	175	70	100	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,095	1,055	1,040	10	0	0
61 Educational services	4,055	1,300	2,750	90	10	85
62 Health care and social assistance	4,790	1,205	3,585	175	30	150
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	920	500	425	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,740	1,970	1,770	60	15	45
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,405	1,005	1,400	85	55	30
91 Public administration	1,915	910	1,005	70	30	35
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	59,375	30,785	28,595	1,455	775	680
Worked at home	5,685	2,880	2,805	445	270	175
Worked outside Canada	1,005	700	305	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	5,555	3,710	1,845	155	120	30
Worked at usual place	47,125	23,490	23,635	850	385	475
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	47,125	23,490	23,635	855	380	475
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,175	7,540	8,635	80	35	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,420	3,355	3,060	710	310	405
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	24,395	12,520	11,880	35	25	10
Commute to a different province or territory	135	75	55	30	15	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	52,680	27,205	25,480	1,010	505	510
Car, truck, van - as a driver	39,695	21,910	17,785	945	485	455
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,560	910	2,655	45	10	35
Public transit	7,915	3,660	4,250	0	0	0
Walked	965	435	530	10	0	0
Bicycle	135	90	45	0	0	0
Other method	410	195	220	10	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	52,680	27,205	25,480	1,010	505	505
Less than 15 minutes	6,285	2,810	3,470	395	210	185
15 to 29 minutes	15,640	7,615	8,020	415	175	240
30 to 44 minutes	13,475	7,295	6,185	145	85	60
45 to 59 minutes	6,260	3,525	2,730	20	15	0
60 minutes and over	11,020	5,955	5,070	45	30	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	52,680	27,200	25,480	1,010	505	505
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,445	1,040	410	70	50	20
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,850	3,380	2,470	155	85	65
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,900	6,960	6,935	370	230	145
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,145	7,100	7,040	305	100	200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	12,185	6,110	6,070	60	20	40
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,155	2,610	2,540	50	20	25
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	67,930	34,830	33,105	1,675	895	780
Single responses	64,400	33,240	31,160	1,675	895	780
Official languages	56,540	29,180	27,360	1,670	895	775
English	56,405	29,145	27,265	1,675	895	775
French	130	40	90	0	0	0
Non-official languages	7,865	4,060	3,800	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,860	4,060	3,800	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	35	20	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	80	40	40	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,645	3,945	3,700	0	0	0
Chinese languages	7,645	3,950	3,700	0	0	0
Cantonese	4,440	2,300	2,135	0	0	0
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,145	1,620	1,520	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,535	1,590	1,945	0	0	0
English and French	220	85	140	0	0	0
English and non-official language	3,310	1,505	1,805	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	67,935	34,830	33,100	1,675	895	775
None	56,330	29,210	27,125	1,660	890	775
English	3,060	1,490	1,570	0	0	0
French	465	190	270	0	0	10
Non-official language	7,830	3,840	3,995	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,830	3,840	3,995	10	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	220	95	120	0	0	0
French and non-official language	35	10	25	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	121,670	59,080	62,590	2,435	1,260	1,175
Non-movers	108,130	52,575	55,555	2,295	1,185	1,115
Movers	13,540	6,505	7,035	140	80	60
Non-migrants	7,675	3,600	4,080	60	35	30
Migrants	5,860	2,905	2,955	80	50	30
Internal migrants	3,255	1,645	1,610	75	45	30
Intraprovincial migrants	2,905	1,490	1,410	55	40	15
Interprovincial migrants	355	150	200	20	10	20
External migrants	2,610	1,265	1,345	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	116,295	56,225	60,070	2,340	1,210	1,125
Non-movers	70,125	34,270	35,860	1,930	1,005	925
Movers	46,170	21,955	24,210	410	205	200
Non-migrants	24,135	11,615	12,520	245	115	130
Migrants	22,030	10,340	11,690	165	90	75
Internal migrants	12,705	6,095	6,610	160	85	75
Intraprovincial migrants	11,675	5,595	6,085	110	65	45
Interprovincial migrants	1,030	505	525	50	20	30
External migrants	9,325	4,245	5,080	0	10	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Swan River, RM [Dissolved census subdivision], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 1, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Swan River, Rural municipality [Dissolved census subdivision], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Swan River, Rural municipality [Dissolved census subdivision], Manitoba

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Markham--Unionville [Federal electoral district], Ontario and Swan River, Rural municipality [Dissolved census subdivision], Manitoba